51
|
Nabavizadeh SA, Ware JB, Guiry S, Nasrallah MP, Mays JJ, Till JE, Hussain J, Abdalla A, Yee SS, Binder ZA, O’Rourke DM, Brem S, Desai AS, Wolf R, Carpenter EL, Bagley SJ. Imaging and histopathologic correlates of plasma cell-free DNA concentration and circulating tumor DNA in adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa016. [PMID: 32140683 PMCID: PMC7045782 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentration is lower in glioblastoma (GBM) compared to other solid tumors, which can lead to low circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection. In this study, we investigated the relationship between multimodality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic features with plasma cfDNA concentration and ctDNA detection in patients with treatment-naive GBM. Methods We analyzed plasma cfDNA concentration, MRI scans, and tumor histopathology from 42 adult patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of plasma cfDNA concentration before surgery to imaging and histopathologic characteristics. In a subset of patients, imaging and histopathologic metrics were also compared between patients with and without a detected tumor somatic mutation. Results Tumor volume with elevated (>1.5 times contralateral white matter) rate transfer constant (Kep, a surrogate of blood–brain barrier [BBB] permeability) was independently associated with plasma cfDNA concentration (P = .001). Histopathologic characteristics independently associated with plasma cfDNA concentration included CD68+ macrophage density (P = .01) and size of tumor vessels (P = .01). Patients with higher (grade ≥3) perivascular CD68+ macrophage density had lower volume transfer constant (Ktrans, P = .01) compared to those with lower perivascular CD68+ macrophage density. Detection of at least 1 somatic mutation in plasma cfDNA was associated with significantly lower perivascular CD68+ macrophages (P = .01). Conclusions Metrics of BBB disruption and quantity and distribution of tumor-associated macrophages are associated with plasma cfDNA concentration and ctDNA detection in GBM patients. These findings represent an important step in understanding the factors that determine plasma cfDNA concentration and ctDNA detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Corresponding Author: Seyed Ali Nabavizadeh, MD, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA ()
| | - Jeffrey B Ware
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samantha Guiry
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - MacLean P Nasrallah
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jazmine J Mays
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob E Till
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jasmin Hussain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aseel Abdalla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie S Yee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zev A Binder
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donald M O’Rourke
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Brem
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arati S Desai
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald Wolf
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen J Bagley
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Drieu A, Lanquetin A, Levard D, Glavan M, Campos F, Quenault A, Lemarchand E, Naveau M, Pitel AL, Castillo J, Vivien D, Rubio M. Alcohol exposure-induced neurovascular inflammatory priming impacts ischemic stroke and is linked with brain perivascular macrophages. JCI Insight 2020; 5:129226. [PMID: 31990687 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a major public health problem worldwide, causing a wide range of preventable morbidity and mortality. In this translational study, we show that heavy drinking (HD) (≥6 standard drinks/day) is independently associated with a worse outcome for ischemic stroke patients. To study the underlying mechanisms of this deleterious effect of HD, we performed an extensive analysis of the brain inflammatory responses of mice chronically exposed or not to 10% alcohol before and after ischemic stroke. Inflammatory responses were analyzed at the parenchymal, perivascular, and vascular levels by using transcriptomic, immunohistochemical, in vivo 2-photon microscopy and molecular MRI analyses. Alcohol-exposed mice show, in the absence of any other insult, a neurovascular inflammatory priming (i.e., an abnormal inflammatory status including an increase in brain perivascular macrophages [PVM]) associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses after a secondary insult (ischemic stroke or LPS challenge). Similar to our clinical data, alcohol-exposed mice showed larger ischemic lesions. We show here that PVM are key players on this aggravating effect of alcohol, since their specific depletion blocks the alcohol-induced aggravation of ischemic lesions. This study opens potentially new therapeutic avenues aiming at blocking alcohol-induced exacerbation of the neurovascular inflammatory responses triggered after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Drieu
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Anastasia Lanquetin
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Damien Levard
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Martina Glavan
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aurélien Quenault
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Eloïse Lemarchand
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Mikaël Naveau
- CNRS, UMR-S 3408, GIP Cyceron, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Anne Lise Pitel
- INSERM, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, UMR-S 1077, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Caen, France
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Marina Rubio
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Schaffenrath J, Keller A. New Insights in the Complexity and Functionality of the Neurovascular Unit. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 273:33-57. [PMID: 33582883 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) encompasses all brain cells and underlines that neurons, glia and brain vasculature are in intimate physical and functional association. Brain function is dependent on blood flow and local increases in blood flow in response to neural activity - functional hyperaemia takes place at the NVU. Although this is a vital function of the NVU, many studies have demonstrated that the NVU also performs other tasks. Blood vessels in the brain, which are composed of multiple cell types, are essential for correct brain development. They constitute the niche for brain stem cells, sense the environment and communicate changes to neural tissue, and control the immune quiescence of the CNS. In this brief chapter we will discuss new insights into the biology of NVU, which have further revealed the heterogeneity and complexity of the vascular tree and its neurovascular associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schaffenrath
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Keller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Du Cheyne C, Tay H, De Spiegelaere W. The complex TIE between macrophages and angiogenesis. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 49:585-596. [PMID: 31774212 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are primarily known as phagocytic immune cells, but they also play a role in diverse processes, such as morphogenesis, homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the influence of macrophages on angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation from the pre-existing vasculature. Macrophages play crucial roles at each step of the angiogenic cascade, starting from new blood vessel sprouting to the remodelling of the vascular plexus and vessel maturation. Macrophages form promising targets for both pro- and anti-angiogenic treatments. However, to target macrophages, we will first need to understand the mechanisms that control the functional plasticity of macrophages during each of the steps of the angiogenic cascade. Here, we review recent insights in this topic. Special attention will be given to the TIE2-expressing macrophage (TEM), which is a subtype of highly angiogenic macrophages that is able to influence angiogenesis via the angiopoietin-TIE pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charis Du Cheyne
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hanna Tay
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Stefanowski J, Lang A, Rauch A, Aulich L, Köhler M, Fiedler AF, Buttgereit F, Schmidt-Bleek K, Duda GN, Gaber T, Niesner RA, Hauser AE. Spatial Distribution of Macrophages During Callus Formation and Maturation Reveals Close Crosstalk Between Macrophages and Newly Forming Vessels. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2588. [PMID: 31956322 PMCID: PMC6953593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential players in the process of fracture healing, acting by remodeling of the extracellular matrix and enabling vascularization. Whilst activated macrophages of M1-like phenotype are present in the initial pro-inflammatory phase of hours to days of fracture healing, an anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophage phenotype is supposed to be crucial for the induction of downstream cascades of healing, especially the initiation of vascularization. In a mouse-osteotomy model, we provide a comprehensive characterization of vessel (CD31+, Emcn+) and macrophage phenotypes (F4/80, CD206, CD80, Mac-2) during the process of fracture healing. To this end, we phenotype the phases of vascular regeneration-the expansion phase (d1-d7 after injury) and the remodeling phase of the endothelial network, until tissue integrity is restored (d14-d21 after injury). Vessels which appear during the bone formation process resemble type H endothelium (CD31hiEmcnhi), and are closely connected to osteoprogenitors (Runx2+, Osx+) and F4/80+ macrophages. M1-like macrophages are present in the initial phase of vascularization until day 3 post osteotomy, but they are rare during later regeneration phases. M2-like macrophages localize mainly extramedullary, and CD206+ macrophages are found to express Mac-2+ during the expansion phase. VEGFA expression is initiated by CD80+ cells, including F4/80+ macrophages, until day 3, while subsequently osteoblasts and chondrocytes are main contributors to VEGFA production at the fracture site. Using Longitudinal Intravital Microendoscopy of the Bone (LIMB) we observe changes in the motility and organization of CX3CR1+ cells, which infiltrate the injury site after an osteotomy. A transient accumulation, resulting in spatial polarization of both, endothelial cells and macrophages, in regions distal to the fracture site, is evident. Immunofluorescence histology followed by histocytometric analysis reveals that F4/80+CX3CR1+ myeloid cells precede vascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stefanowski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariana Rauch
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linus Aulich
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Köhler
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander F Fiedler
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca A Niesner
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Yang T, Guo R, Zhang F. Brain perivascular macrophages: Recent advances and implications in health and diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1318-1328. [PMID: 31749316 PMCID: PMC7154594 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) belong to a distinct population of brain‐resident myeloid cells located within the perivascular space surrounding arterioles and venules. Their characterization depends on the combination of anatomical localization, phagocytic capacity, and molecular markers. Under physiological status, they provide structural and functional support for maintaining brain homeostasis, including facilitation of blood‐brain barrier integrity and lymphatic drainage, and exertion of immune functions such as phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Increasing evidence also implicates their specific roles in diseased brain, ranging from cerebrovascular diseases, Aβ pathologies, infections, and autoimmunity. Collectively, PVMs are key components of the brain‐resident immune system, actively participate in a broad‐spectrum of processes in normal and diseased status. Details of the processes are largely underexplored. Targeting PVMs would lead to new insights and be a promising strategy for a broad array of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruiming Guo
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Mundt S, Greter M, Flügel A, Becher B. The CNS Immune Landscape from the Viewpoint of a T Cell. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:667-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
58
|
Villabona-Rueda A, Erice C, Pardo CA, Stins MF. The Evolving Concept of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB): From a Single Static Barrier to a Heterogeneous and Dynamic Relay Center. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:405. [PMID: 31616251 PMCID: PMC6763697 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) helps maintain a tightly regulated microenvironment for optimal central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and facilitates communications with the peripheral circulation. The brain endothelial cells, lining the brain’s vasculature, maintain close interactions with surrounding brain cells, e.g., astrocytes, pericytes and perivascular macrophages. This function facilitates critical intercellular crosstalk, giving rise to the concept of the neurovascular unit (NVU). The steady and appropriate communication between all components of the NVU is essential for normal CNS homeostasis and function, and dysregulation of one of its constituents can result in disease. Among the different brain regions, and along the vascular tree, the cellular composition of the NVU varies. Therefore, differential cues from the immediate vascular environment can affect BBB phenotype. To support the fluctuating metabolic and functional needs of the underlying neuropil, a specialized vascular heterogeneity is required. This is achieved by variances in barrier function, expression of transporters, receptors, and adhesion molecules. This mini-review will take you on a journey through evolving concepts surrounding the BBB, the NVU and beyond. Exploring classical experiments leading to new approaches will allow us to understand that the BBB is not merely a static separation between the brain and periphery but a closely regulated and interactive entity. We will discuss shifting paradigms, and ultimately aim to address the importance of BBB endothelial heterogeneity with regard to the function of the BBB within the NVU, and touch on its implications for different neuropathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Villabona-Rueda
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Clara Erice
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disorders, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Monique F Stins
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous group of cells that are capable of carrying out distinct functions in different tissues, as well as in different locations within a given tissue. Some of these tissue macrophages lie on, or close to, the outer (abluminal) surface of blood vessels and perform several crucial activities at this interface between the tissue and the blood. In steady-state tissues, these perivascular macrophages maintain tight junctions between endothelial cells and limit vessel permeability, phagocytose potential pathogens before they enter tissues from the blood and restrict inappropriate inflammation. They also have a multifaceted role in diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. Here, we examine the important functions of perivascular macrophages in various adult tissues and describe how these functions are perturbed in a broad array of pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
60
|
Lu HS, Schmidt AM, Hegele RA, Mackman N, Rader DJ, Weber C, Daugherty A. Reporting Sex and Sex Differences in Preclinical Studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e171-e184. [PMID: 30354222 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong S Lu
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (A.M.S.)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Christian Weber
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (C.W.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Orsini F, Fumagalli S, Császár E, Tóth K, De Blasio D, Zangari R, Lénárt N, Dénes Á, De Simoni MG. Mannose-Binding Lectin Drives Platelet Inflammatory Phenotype and Vascular Damage After Cerebral Ischemia in Mice via IL (Interleukin)-1α. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2678-2690. [PMID: 30354247 PMCID: PMC6221395 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Circulating complement factors are activated by tissue damage and contribute to acute brain injury. The deposition of MBL (mannose-binding lectin), one of the initiators of the lectin complement pathway, on the cerebral endothelium activated by ischemia is a major pathogenic event leading to brain injury. The molecular mechanisms through which MBL influences outcome after ischemia are not understood yet. Approach and Results— Here we show that MBL-deficient (MBL−/−) mice subjected to cerebral ischemia display better flow recovery and less plasma extravasation in the brain than wild-type mice, as assessed by in vivo 2-photon microscopy. This results in reduced vascular dysfunction as shown by the shift from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory vascular phenotype associated with MBL deficiency. We also show that platelets directly bind MBL and that platelets from MBL−/− mice have reduced inflammatory phenotype as indicated by reduced IL-1α (interleukin-1α) content, as early as 6 hours after ischemia. Cultured human brain endothelial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and exposed to platelets from MBL−/− mice present less cell death and lower CXCL1 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 1) release (downstream to IL-1α) than those exposed to wild-type platelets. In turn, MBL deposition on ischemic vessels significantly decreases after ischemia in mice treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist compared with controls, indicating a reciprocal interplay between MBL and IL-1α facilitating endothelial damage. Conclusions— We propose MBL as a hub of pathogenic vascular events. It acts as an early trigger of platelet IL-1α release, which in turn favors MBL deposition on ischemic vessels promoting an endothelial pro-inflammatory phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franca Orsini
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Eszter Császár
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Krisztina Tóth
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Daiana De Blasio
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Rosalia Zangari
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Maria-Grazia De Simoni
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Kierdorf K, Masuda T, Jordão MJC, Prinz M. Macrophages at CNS interfaces: ontogeny and function in health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:547-562. [PMID: 31358892 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The segregation and limited regenerative capacity of the CNS necessitate a specialized and tightly regulated resident immune system that continuously guards the CNS against invading pathogens and injury. Immunity in the CNS has generally been attributed to neuron-associated microglia in the parenchyma, whose origin and functions have recently been elucidated. However, there are several other specialized macrophage populations at the CNS borders, including dural, leptomeningeal, perivascular and choroid plexus macrophages (collectively known as CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs)), whose origins and roles in health and disease have remained largely uncharted. CAMs are thought to be involved in regulating the fine balance between the proper segregation of the CNS, on the one hand, and the essential exchange between the CNS parenchyma and the periphery, on the other. Recent studies that have been empowered by major technological advances have shed new light on these cells and suggest central roles for CAMs in CNS physiology and in the pathogenesis of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kierdorf
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Zhang J, Supakorndej T, Krambs JR, Rao M, Abou-Ezzi G, Ye RY, Li S, Trinkaus K, Link DC. Bone marrow dendritic cells regulate hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell trafficking. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2920-2931. [PMID: 31039135 DOI: 10.1172/jci124829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A resident population of dendritic cells (DCs) has been identified in murine bone marrow, but its contribution to the regulation of hematopoiesis and establishment of the stem cell niche is largely unknown. Here, we show that murine bone marrow DCs are perivascular and have a type 2 conventional DC (cDC2) immunophenotype. RNA expression analysis of sorted bone marrow DCs shows that expression of many chemokines and chemokine receptors is distinct from that observed in splenic cDC2s, suggesting that bone marrow DCs may represent a unique DC population. A similar population of DCs is present in human bone marrow. Ablation of conventional DCs (cDCs) results in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization that is greater than that seen with ablation of bone marrow macrophages, and cDC ablation also synergizes with G-CSF to mobilize HSPCs. Ablation of cDCs is associated with an expansion of bone marrow endothelial cells and increased vascular permeability. CXCR2 expression in sinusoidal endothelial cells and the expression of two CXCR2 ligands, CXCL1 and CXCL2, in the bone marrow are markedly increased following cDC ablation. Treatment of endothelial cells in vitro with CXCL1 induces increased vascular permeability and HSPC transmigration. Finally, we show that HSPC mobilization after cDC ablation is attenuated in mice lacking CXCR2 expression. Collectively, these data suggest that bone marrow DCs play an important role in regulating HSPC trafficking, in part, through regulation of sinusoidal CXCR2 signaling and vascular permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Teerawit Supakorndej
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph R Krambs
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mahil Rao
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Grazia Abou-Ezzi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel Y Ye
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sidan Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kathryn Trinkaus
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel C Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Parenchymal and non-parenchymal immune cells in the brain: A critical role in regulating CNS functions. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 77:26-38. [PMID: 31026497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of immune cells in the central nervous system has long been the subject of research to find out their role. For a long time it was believed that the CNS was a privileged area from an immunological point of view, due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as circulating immune cells were unable to penetrate the brain parenchyma, at least until the integrity of the BBB was preserved. For this reason the study of the CNS immune system has focused on the functions of microglia, the immunocompetent resident element of the brain parenchyma that retain the ability to divide and self-renew during lifespan without any significant contribution from circulating blood cells. More recently, the presence of lymphatic vessels in the dural sinuses has been demonstrated with accompanying lymphocytes, monocytes and other immune cells. Moreover, meningeal macrophages, that is macrophages along the blood vessels and in the choroid plexus (CP), are also present. These non-parenchymal immune cells, together with microglia, can affect multiple CNS functions. Here, we discuss the functional role of parenchymal and non-parenchymal immune cells and their contribution to the regulation of neurogenesis.
Collapse
|
65
|
Wang J, Wang J, Wang J, Yang B, Weng Q, He Q. Targeting Microglia and Macrophages: A Potential Treatment Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:286. [PMID: 30967783 PMCID: PMC6438858 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The early stage is characterized by relapses and the later stage, by progressive disability. Results from experimental and clinical investigations have demonstrated that microglia and macrophages play a key part in the disease course. These cells actively initiate immune infiltration and the demyelination cascade during the early phase of the disease; however, they promote remyelination and alleviate disease in later stages. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge regarding the neuromodulatory function of macrophages and microglia in the healthy and injured CNS, and it discusses the feasibility of harnessing microglia and macrophage physiology to treat MS. The review encourages further investigations into macrophage-targeted therapy, as well as macrophage-based drug delivery, for realizing efficient treatment strategies for MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Majesky MW. Vascular Development. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e17-e24. [PMID: 29467221 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system forms as a branching network of endothelial cells that acquire identity as arterial, venous, hemogenic, or lymphatic. Endothelial specification depends on gene targets transcribed by Ets domain-containing factors, including Ets variant gene 2 (Etv2), together with the activity of chromatin-remodeling complexes containing Brahma-related gene-1 (Brg1). Once specified and assembled into vessels, mechanisms regulating lumen diameter and axial growth ensure that the structure of the branching vascular network matches the need for perfusion of target tissues. In addition, blood vessels provide important morphogenic cues that guide or direct the development of organs forming around them. As the embryo grows and lumen diameters increase, smooth muscle cells wrap around the nascent vessel walls to provide mechanical strength and vasomotor control of the circulation. Increasing mechanical stretch and wall strain promote smooth muscle cell differentiation via coupling of actin cytoskeletal remodeling to myocardin and serum response factor-dependent transcription. Remodeling of artery walls by developmental signaling pathways reappears in postnatal blood vessels during physiological and pathological adaptation to vessel wall injury, inflammation, or chronic hypoxia. Recent reports providing insights into major steps in vascular development are reviewed here with a particular emphasis on studies that have been recently published in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Majesky
- From the Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Abstract
Research during the last decade has generated numerous insights on the presence, phenotype, and function of myeloid cells in cardiovascular organs. Newer tools with improved detection sensitivities revealed sizable populations of tissue-resident macrophages in all major healthy tissues. The heart and blood vessels contain robust numbers of these cells; for instance, 8% of noncardiomyocytes in the heart are macrophages. This number and the cell's phenotype change dramatically in disease conditions. While steady-state macrophages are mostly monocyte independent, macrophages residing in the inflamed vascular wall and the diseased heart derive from hematopoietic organs. In this review, we will highlight signals that regulate macrophage supply and function, imaging applications that can detect changes in cell numbers and phenotype, and opportunities to modulate cardiovascular inflammation by targeting macrophage biology. We strive to provide a systems-wide picture, i.e., to focus not only on cardiovascular organs but also on tissues involved in regulating cell supply and phenotype, as well as comorbidities that promote cardiovascular disease. We will summarize current developments at the intersection of immunology, detection technology, and cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Frodermann
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Morikawa S, Iribar H, Gutiérrez-Rivera A, Ezaki T, Izeta A. Pericytes in Cutaneous Wound Healing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1147:1-63. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
69
|
Blood‒Brain Barrier Pathology and CNS Outcomes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113555. [PMID: 30423890 PMCID: PMC6275034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major meningitis-causing pathogen globally, bringing about significant morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term neurological sequelae in almost half of the survivors. Subsequent to nasopharyngeal colonisation and systemic invasion, translocation across the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) by S. pneumoniae is a crucial early step in the pathogenesis of meningitis. The BBB, which normally protects the central nervous system (CNS) from deleterious molecules within the circulation, becomes dysfunctional in S. pneumoniae invasion due to the effects of pneumococcal toxins and a heightened host inflammatory environment of cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen species intracranially. The bacteria‒host interplay within the CNS likely determines not only the degree of BBB pathological changes, but also host survival and the extent of neurological damage. This review explores the relationship between S. pneumoniae bacteria and the host inflammatory response, with an emphasis on the BBB and its roles in CNS protection, as well as both the acute and long-term pathogenesis of meningitis.
Collapse
|
70
|
Pedragosa J, Salas-Perdomo A, Gallizioli M, Cugota R, Miró-Mur F, Briansó F, Justicia C, Pérez-Asensio F, Marquez-Kisinousky L, Urra X, Gieryng A, Kaminska B, Chamorro A, Planas AM. CNS-border associated macrophages respond to acute ischemic stroke attracting granulocytes and promoting vascular leakage. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:76. [PMID: 30092836 PMCID: PMC6083589 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) contains several types of immune cells located in specific anatomic compartments. Macrophages reside at the CNS borders surrounding the brain vessels, in leptomeningeal spaces and the choroid plexus, where they interact with the vasculature and play immunological surveillance and scavenging functions. We investigated the phenotypic changes and role of these macrophages in response to acute ischemic stroke. Given that CD163 expression is a hallmark of perivascular and meningeal macrophages in the rat and human brain, we isolated CD163+ brain macrophages by fluorescence activated cell sorting. We obtained CD163+ cells from control rats and 16 h following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, after verifying that infiltration of CD163+ peripheral myeloid cells is negligible at this acute time point. Transcriptome analysis of the sorted CD163+ cells identified ischemia-induced upregulation of the hypoxia inducible factor-1 pathway and induction of genes encoding for extracellular matrix components and leukocyte chemoattractants, amongst others. Using a cell depletion strategy, we found that CNS border-associated macrophages participate in granulocyte recruitment, promote the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), increase the permeability of pial and cortical blood vessels, and contribute to neurological dysfunction in the acute phase of ischemia/reperfusion. We detected VEGF expression surrounding blood vessels and in some CD163+ perivascular macrophages in the brain tissue of ischemic stroke patients deceased one day after stroke onset. These findings show ischemia-induced reprogramming of the gene expression profile of CD163+ macrophages that has a rapid impact on leukocyte chemotaxis and blood-brain barrier integrity, and promotes neurological impairment in the acute phase of stroke.
Collapse
|
71
|
Lim HY, Lim SY, Tan CK, Thiam CH, Goh CC, Carbajo D, Chew SHS, See P, Chakarov S, Wang XN, Lim LH, Johnson LA, Lum J, Fong CY, Bongso A, Biswas A, Goh C, Evrard M, Yeo KP, Basu R, Wang JK, Tan Y, Jain R, Tikoo S, Choong C, Weninger W, Poidinger M, Stanley RE, Collin M, Tan NS, Ng LG, Jackson DG, Ginhoux F, Angeli V. Hyaluronan Receptor LYVE-1-Expressing Macrophages Maintain Arterial Tone through Hyaluronan-Mediated Regulation of Smooth Muscle Cell Collagen. Immunity 2018; 49:326-341.e7. [PMID: 30054204 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of appropriate arterial tone is critically important for normal physiological arterial function. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we have shown that in the mouse aorta, resident macrophages prevented arterial stiffness and collagen deposition in the steady state. Using phenotyping, transcriptional profiling, and targeted deletion of Csf1r, we have demonstrated that these macrophages-which are a feature of blood vessels invested with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in both mouse and human tissues-expressed the hyaluronan (HA) receptor LYVE-l. Furthermore, we have shown they possessed the unique ability to modulate collagen expression in SMCs by matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9-dependent proteolysis through engagement of LYVE-1 with the HA pericellular matrix of SMCs. Our study has unveiled a hitherto unknown homeostatic contribution of arterial LYVE-1+ macrophages through the control of collagen production by SMCs and has identified a function of LYVE-1 in leukocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Ying Lim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sheau Yng Lim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Chek Kun Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Chung Hwee Thiam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Chi Ching Goh
- Singapore Immunology Network, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Daniel Carbajo
- Singapore Immunology Network, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Samantha Hui Shang Chew
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Peter See
- Singapore Immunology Network, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | | | - Xiao Nong Wang
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Li Hui Lim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Louise A Johnson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliff Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Chui Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Chern Goh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | | | - Kim Pin Yeo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Ranu Basu
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jun Kit Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639977, Singapore
| | - Yingrou Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rohit Jain
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Shweta Tikoo
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Cleo Choong
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639977, Singapore
| | | | | | - Richard E Stanley
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Matthew Collin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; KK Women's and Children Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - David G Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliff Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Véronique Angeli
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Cooke EJ, Zhou JY, Wyseure T, Joshi S, Bhat V, Durden DL, Mosnier LO, von Drygalski A. Vascular Permeability and Remodelling Coincide with Inflammatory and Reparative Processes after Joint Bleeding in Factor VIII-Deficient Mice. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:1036-1047. [PMID: 29847841 PMCID: PMC6191040 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular remodelling is a prominent feature of haemophilic arthropathy (HA) that may underlie re-bleeding, yet the nature of vascular changes and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to characterize synovial vascular remodelling and vessel integrity after haemarthrosis, as well as temporal changes in inflammatory and tissue-reparative pathways. Thirty acutely painful joints in patients with haemophilia (PWH) were imaged by musculoskeletal ultrasound with Power Doppler (MSKUS/PD) to detect vascular abnormalities and bloody effusions. Nineteen out of 30 painful joint episodes in PWH were associated with haemarthrosis, and abnormal vascular perfusion was unique to bleeding joints. A model of induced haemarthrosis in factor VIII (FVIII)-deficient mice was used for histological assessment of vascular remodelling (α-smooth muscle actin [αSMA] expression), and monitoring of in vivo vascular perfusion and permeability by MSKUS/PD and albumin extravasation, respectively. Inflammatory (M1) and reparative (M2) macrophage markers were quantified in murine synovium over a 10-week time course by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The abnormal vascular perfusion observed in PWH was recapitulated in FVIII-deficient mice after induced haemarthrosis. Neovascularization and increased vessel permeability were apparent 2 weeks post-bleed in FVIII-deficient mice, after a transient elevation of inflammatory macrophage M1 markers. These vascular changes subsided by week 4, while vascular remodelling, evidenced by architectural changes and pronounced αSMA expression, persisted alongside a reparative macrophage M2 response. In conclusion, haemarthrosis leads to transient inflammation coupled with neovascularization and associated vascular permeability, while subsequent tissue repair mechanisms coincide with vascular remodelling. Together, these vascular changes may promote re-bleeding and HA progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Cooke
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Y Zhou
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tine Wyseure
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shweta Joshi
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vikas Bhat
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Donald L Durden
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laurent O Mosnier
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Annette von Drygalski
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
The vascular facet of late-onset Alzheimer's disease: an essential factor in a complex multifactorial disorder. Curr Opin Neurol 2018; 30:623-629. [PMID: 29095718 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides a brief overview of relevant cerebrovascular mechanisms implicated in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) development, and highlights the main reasons for incorporating novel cerebrovascular biomarkers to the models defining a multifactorial LOAD pathogenesis. We also discuss how novel brain mapping techniques and multifactorial data-driven models are having a critical role on understanding LOAD and may be particularly useful for identifying effective therapeutic agents for this disorder. RECENT FINDINGS A growing body of evidence supports that LOAD is a complex disorder, causally associated to a high multiplicity of pathologic mechanisms. New experimental and neuroimaging data, in combination with the recent use of integrative multifactorial data-driven models, support the early role of vascular factors in LOAD genesis and development. Among other relevant roles, the cerebrovascular system has a key modulatory effect on prion-like propagation, deposition and toxicity (e.g. Aβ, tau proteins). The early signs of vascular dysregulation during LOAD progression are notable both at the microscopic and the macroscopic scales. SUMMARY We emphasize that LOAD should be studied as a complex multifactorial disorder, not dominated by a dominant biological factor (e.g. Aβ), and without disregarding any relevant pathologic factor, such as vascular dysregulation. Cerebrovascular biomarkers are invaluable for defining multifactorial disease progression models as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of different therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
74
|
Kiss M, Van Gassen S, Movahedi K, Saeys Y, Laoui D. Myeloid cell heterogeneity in cancer: not a single cell alike. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:188-201. [PMID: 29482836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumors of various histological origins show abundant infiltration of myeloid cells from early stages of disease progression. These cells have a profound impact on antitumor immunity and influence fundamental processes that underlie malignancy, including neoangiogenesis, sustained cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and therapy resistance. For these reasons, development of therapeutic approaches to deplete or reprogram myeloid cells in cancer is an emerging field of interest. However, knowledge about the heterogeneity of myeloid cells in tumors and their variability between patients and disease stages is still limited. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in our understanding about how the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and dendritic cells is dictated by their ontogeny, activation status and localization. We also outline major open questions that will only be resolved by applying high-dimensional single-cell technologies and systems biology approaches in the analysis of the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mate Kiss
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Van Gassen
- IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - IMEC, Ghent, Belgium; Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Hoves S, Ooi CH, Wolter C, Sade H, Bissinger S, Schmittnaegel M, Ast O, Giusti AM, Wartha K, Runza V, Xu W, Kienast Y, Cannarile MA, Levitsky H, Romagnoli S, De Palma M, Rüttinger D, Ries CH. Rapid activation of tumor-associated macrophages boosts preexisting tumor immunity. J Exp Med 2018; 215:859-876. [PMID: 29436396 PMCID: PMC5839760 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined CSF-1R+CD40 antibody therapy induces profound and rapid TAM reprogramming before TAMs are eliminated. This combination of cancer immunotherapies tailored to activate the innate immune system creates an inflamed tumor microenvironment ultimately leading to tumor eradication by the adaptive immunity. Depletion of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or reprogramming toward a proinflammatory activation state represent different strategies to therapeutically target this abundant myeloid population. In this study, we report that inhibition of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling sensitizes TAMs to profound and rapid reprogramming in the presence of a CD40 agonist before their depletion. Despite the short-lived nature of macrophage hyperactivation, combined CSF-1R+CD40 stimulation of macrophages is sufficient to create a proinflammatory tumor milieu that reinvigorates an effective T cell response in transplanted tumors that are either responsive or insensitive to immune checkpoint blockade. The central role of macrophages in regulating preexisting immunity is substantiated by depletion experiments, transcriptome analysis of ex vivo sorted TAMs, and gene expression profiling of whole tumor lysates at an early treatment time point. This approach enabled the identification of specific combination-induced changes among the pleiotropic activation spectrum of the CD40 agonist. In patients, CD40 expression on human TAMs was detected in mesothelioma and colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hoves
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Chia-Huey Ooi
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany.,Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Wolter
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hadassah Sade
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bissinger
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schmittnaegel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Ast
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anna M Giusti
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Wartha
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Runza
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Wei Xu
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Kienast
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael A Cannarile
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hyam Levitsky
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Solange Romagnoli
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Rüttinger
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Carola H Ries
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Zupančič E, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM. Cardiovascular Immunotherapy and the Role of Imaging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e167-e171. [PMID: 29070539 PMCID: PMC5743324 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zupančič
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.)
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.)
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.).
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Milasan A, Jean G, Dallaire F, Tardif JC, Merhi Y, Sorci-Thomas M, Martel C. Apolipoprotein A-I Modulates Atherosclerosis Through Lymphatic Vessel-Dependent Mechanisms in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006892. [PMID: 28939717 PMCID: PMC5634311 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Subcutaneously injected lipid‐free apoA‐I (apolipoprotein A‐I) reduces accumulation of lipid and immune cells within the aortic root of hypercholesterolemic mice without increasing high‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol concentrations. Lymphatic vessels are now recognized as prerequisite players in the modulation of cholesterol removal from the artery wall in experimental conditions of plaque regression, and particular attention has been brought to the role of the collecting lymphatic vessels in early atherosclerosis‐related lymphatic dysfunction. In the present study, we address whether and how preservation of collecting lymphatic function contributes to the protective effect of apoA‐I. Methods and Results Atherosclerotic Ldlr−/− mice treated with low‐dose lipid‐free apoA‐I showed enhanced lymphatic transport and abrogated collecting lymphatic vessel permeability in atherosclerotic Ldlr−/− mice when compared with albumin‐control mice. Treatment of human lymphatic endothelial cells with apoA‐I increased the adhesion of human platelets on lymphatic endothelial cells, in a bridge‐like manner, a mechanism that could strengthen endothelial cell–cell junctions and limit atherosclerosis‐associated collecting lymphatic vessel dysfunction. Experiments performed with blood platelets isolated from apoA‐I‐treated Ldlr−/− mice revealed that apoA‐I decreased ex vivo platelet aggregation. This suggests that in vivo apoA‐I treatment limits platelet thrombotic potential in blood while maintaining the platelet activity needed to sustain adequate lymphatic function. Conclusions Altogether, we bring forward a new pleiotropic role for apoA‐I in lymphatic function and unveil new potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Jean
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yahye Merhi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Faraco G, Park L, Anrather J, Iadecola C. Brain perivascular macrophages: characterization and functional roles in health and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1143-1152. [PMID: 28782084 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular macrophages (PVM) are a distinct population of resident brain macrophages characterized by a close association with the cerebral vasculature. PVM migrate from the yolk sac into the brain early in development and, like microglia, are likely to be a self-renewing cell population that, in the normal state, is not replenished by circulating monocytes. Increasing evidence implicates PVM in several disease processes, ranging from brain infections and immune activation to regulation of the hypothalamic-adrenal axis and neurovascular-neurocognitive dysfunction in the setting of hypertension, Alzheimer disease pathology, or obesity. These effects involve crosstalk between PVM and cerebral endothelial cells, interaction with circulating immune cells, and/or production of reactive oxygen species. Overall, the available evidence supports the idea that PVM are a key component of the brain-resident immune system with broad implications for the pathogenesis of major brain diseases. A better understanding of the biology and pathobiology of PVM may lead to new insights and therapeutic strategies for a wide variety of brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Faraco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 E61st Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Laibaik Park
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 E61st Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 E61st Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 E61st Street, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Salehi A, Zhang JH, Obenaus A. Response of the cerebral vasculature following traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2320-2339. [PMID: 28378621 PMCID: PMC5531360 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17701460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of the vasculature and its repair in neurological disease states is beginning to emerge particularly for stroke, dementia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, tumors and others. However, little attention has been focused on how the cerebral vasculature responds following traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI often results in significant injury to the vasculature in the brain with subsequent cerebral hypoperfusion, ischemia, hypoxia, hemorrhage, blood-brain barrier disruption and edema. The sequalae that follow TBI result in neurological dysfunction across a host of physiological and psychological domains. Given the importance of restoring vascular function after injury, emerging research has focused on understanding the vascular response after TBI and the key cellular and molecular components of vascular repair. A more complete understanding of vascular repair mechanisms are needed and could lead to development of new vasculogenic therapies, not only for TBI but potentially vascular-related brain injuries. In this review, we delineate the vascular effects of TBI, its temporal response to injury and putative biomarkers for arterial and venous repair in TBI. We highlight several molecular pathways that may play a significant role in vascular repair after brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjang Salehi
- 1 Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- 3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA.,4 Department of Anesthesiology Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA.,5 Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- 1 Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,6 Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Herz J, Filiano AJ, Wiltbank AT, Yogev N, Kipnis J. Myeloid Cells in the Central Nervous System. Immunity 2017; 46:943-956. [PMID: 28636961 PMCID: PMC5657250 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) and its meningeal coverings accommodate a diverse myeloid compartment that includes parenchymal microglia and perivascular macrophages, as well as choroid plexus and meningeal macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. These myeloid populations enjoy an intimate relationship with the CNS, where they play an essential role in both health and disease. Although the importance of these cells is clearly recognized, their exact function in the CNS continues to be explored. Here, we review the subsets of myeloid cells that inhabit the parenchyma, meninges, and choroid plexus and discuss their roles in CNS homeostasis. We also discuss the role of these cells in various neurological pathologies, such as autoimmunity, mechanical injury, neurodegeneration, and infection. We highlight the neuroprotective nature of certain myeloid cells by emphasizing their therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Herz
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Anthony J Filiano
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Ashtyn T Wiltbank
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nir Yogev
- Gutenberg Research Fellowship Group of Neuroimmunology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Gutenberg Research Fellowship Group of Neuroimmunology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease associated with high morbidity, and high mortality in the event of aortic rupture. Major advances in open surgical and endovascular repair of AAA have been achieved during the past 2 decades. However, drug-based therapies are still lacking, highlighting a real need for better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in AAA formation and progression. The main pathological features of AAA include extracellular matrix remodelling associated with degeneration and loss of vascular smooth muscle cells and accumulation and activation of inflammatory cells. The inflammatory process has a crucial role in AAA and substantially influences many determinants of aortic wall remodelling. In this Review, we focus specifically on the involvement of monocytes and macrophages, summarizing current knowledge on the roles, origin, and functions of these cells in AAA development and its complications. Furthermore, we show and propose that distinct monocyte and macrophage subsets have critical and differential roles in initiation, progression, and healing of the aneurysmal process. On the basis of experimental and clinical studies, we review potential translational applications to detect, assess, and image macrophage subsets in AAA, and discuss the relevance of these applications for clinical practice.
Collapse
|
82
|
Venero Galanternik M, Castranova D, Gore AV, Blewett NH, Jung HM, Stratman AN, Kirby MR, Iben J, Miller MF, Kawakami K, Maraia RJ, Weinstein BM. A novel perivascular cell population in the zebrafish brain. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28395729 PMCID: PMC5423774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is essential for the proper homeostasis and function of the CNS, but its mechanism of function is poorly understood. Perivascular cells surrounding brain blood vessels are thought to be important for blood-brain barrier establishment, but their roles are not well defined. Here, we describe a novel perivascular cell population closely associated with blood vessels on the zebrafish brain. Based on similarities in their morphology, location, and scavenger behavior, these cells appear to be the zebrafish equivalent of cells variably characterized as Fluorescent Granular Perithelial cells (FGPs), perivascular macrophages, or 'Mato Cells' in mammals. Despite their macrophage-like morphology and perivascular location, zebrafish FGPs appear molecularly most similar to lymphatic endothelium, and our imaging studies suggest that these cells emerge by differentiation from endothelium of the optic choroidal vascular plexus. Our findings provide the first report of a perivascular cell population in the brain derived from vascular endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Nathan H Blewett
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hyun Min Jung
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Martha R Kirby
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - James Iben
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mayumi F Miller
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Japan
| | - Richard J Maraia
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| |
Collapse
|