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Yang ZJ, Li CH, Chen J, Zhang H, Li MY, Chen J. Molecular characterization of an interleukin-4/13B homolog in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its role in fish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:136-147. [PMID: 27546554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) molecules are anti-inflammatory cytokines mediating the alternative activation of macrophages. However, the role of fish IL-4/13 homologs in monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ) polarization remains unclear. In this study, we have functionally identified an IL-4/13B homolog in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), which is termed as CiIL-4/13B. Multiple alignment showed that CiIL-4/13B shared the typical characteristics and structure with other known fish IL-4/13. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CiIL-4/13B is evolutionarily closely related to zebrafish (Danio rerio) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) IL-4/13B. CiIL-4/13B mRNA was constitutively expressed in tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) examined, with its highest expression seen in PBLs. Following Aeromonas hydrophila infection, CiIL-4/13B mRNA expression was upregulated. Recombinant CiIL-4/13B (rCiIL-4/13B) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified for a functional study. Using prepared anti-rCiIL-4/13B antiserum, Western blot analysis showed that native CiIL-4/13B in grass carp plasma is N-glycosylated. Intraperitoneal injection of bioactive rCiIL-4/13B significantly increased the survival rate of grass carp against A. hydrophila, and decreased the tissue bacterial load, with a higher dose having better effects. Bioactive rCiIL-4/13B treatment decreased nitrite production and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), while it increased arginase activity and mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10). The phagocytosis by grass carp MO/MФ had no significant changes by the 8 h treatment of bioactive rCiIL-4/13B compared to that of the negative control, while it was significantly inhibited by the 24 h treatment of bioactive rCiIL-4/13B. The inhibitory effect of rCiIL-4/13B on MO/MФ phagocytosis may be a consequence of MO/MФ proliferation. In summary, our results suggest that CiIL-4/13B plays a protective effect in grass carp against A. hydrophila by inducing alternatively activated MO/MФ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ming-Yun Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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52
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Liu L, Li H, Xu RH, Li PL. Expolysaccharides fromBifidobacterium animalisRH activates RAW 264.7 macrophages through toll-like receptor 4. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1230599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Mechanisms Underlying Interferon-γ-Induced Priming of Microglial Reactive Oxygen Species Production. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162497. [PMID: 27598576 PMCID: PMC5012572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial priming and enhanced reactivity to secondary insults cause substantial neuronal damage and are hallmarks of brain aging, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. It is, thus, of particular interest to identify mechanisms involved in microglial priming. Here, we demonstrate that priming of microglia with interferon-γ (IFN γ) substantially enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following stimulation of microglia with ATP. Priming of microglial ROS production was substantially reduced by inhibition of p38 MAPK activity with SB203580, by increases in intracellular glutathione levels with N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, by blockade of NADPH oxidase subunit NOX2 activity with gp91ds-tat or by inhibition of nitric oxide production with L-NAME. Together, our data indicate that priming of microglial ROS production involves reduction of intracellular glutathione levels, upregulation of NADPH oxidase subunit NOX2 and increases in nitric oxide production, and suggest that these simultaneously occurring processes result in enhanced production of neurotoxic peroxynitrite. Furthermore, IFNγ-induced priming of microglial ROS production was reduced upon blockade of Kir2.1 inward rectifier K+ channels with ML133. Inhibitory effects of ML133 on microglial priming were mediated via regulation of intracellular glutathione levels and nitric oxide production. These data suggest that microglial Kir2.1 channels may represent novel therapeutic targets to inhibit excessive ROS production by primed microglia in brain pathology.
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Grimaldi A, D'Alessandro G, Golia MT, Grössinger EM, Di Angelantonio S, Ragozzino D, Santoro A, Esposito V, Wulff H, Catalano M, Limatola C. KCa3.1 inhibition switches the phenotype of glioma-infiltrating microglia/macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2174. [PMID: 27054329 PMCID: PMC4855657 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the strategies adopted by glioma to successfully invade the brain parenchyma is turning the infiltrating microglia/macrophages (M/MΦ) into allies, by shifting them toward an anti-inflammatory, pro-tumor phenotype. Both glioma and infiltrating M/MΦ cells express the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (KCa3.1), and the inhibition of KCa3.1 activity on glioma cells reduces tumor infiltration in the healthy brain parenchyma. We wondered whether KCa3.1 inhibition could prevent the acquisition of a pro-tumor phenotype by M/MΦ cells, thus contributing to reduce glioma development. With this aim, we studied microglia cultured in glioma-conditioned medium or treated with IL-4, as well as M/MΦ cells acutely isolated from glioma-bearing mice and from human glioma biopsies. Under these different conditions, M/MΦ were always polarized toward an anti-inflammatory state, and preventing KCa3.1 activation by 1-[(2-Chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole (TRAM-34), we observed a switch toward a pro-inflammatory, antitumor phenotype. We identified FAK and PI3K/AKT as the molecular mechanisms involved in this phenotype switch, activated in sequence after KCa3.1. Anti-inflammatory M/MΦ have higher expression levels of KCa3.1 mRNA (kcnn4) that are reduced by KCa3.1 inhibition. In line with these findings, TRAM-34 treatment, in vivo, significantly reduced the size of tumors in glioma-bearing mice. Our data indicate that KCa3.1 channels are involved in the inhibitory effects exerted by the glioma microenvironment on infiltrating M/MΦ, suggesting a possible role as therapeutic targets in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grimaldi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - G D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - M T Golia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - E M Grössinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, GBSF3502, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - D Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - A Santoro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - V Esposito
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - H Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, GBSF3502, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - C Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
- Pasteur Institute-Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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Parenti A, De Logu F, Geppetti P, Benemei S. What is the evidence for the role of TRP channels in inflammatory and immune cells? Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:953-69. [PMID: 26603538 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex network of many interacting mechanisms orchestrates immune and inflammatory responses. Among these, the cation channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family expressed by resident tissue cells, inflammatory and immune cells and distinct subsets of primary sensory neurons, have emerged as a novel and interrelated system to detect and respond to harmful agents. TRP channels, by means of their direct effect on the intracellular levels of cations and/or through the indirect modulation of a large series of intracellular pathways, orchestrate a range of cellular processes, such as cytokine production, cell differentiation and cytotoxicity. The contribution of TRP channels to the transition of inflammation and immune responses from a defensive early response to a chronic and pathological condition is also emerging as a possible underlying mechanism in various diseases. This review discusses the roles of TRP channels in inflammatory and immune cell function and provides an overview of the effects of inflammatory and immune TRP channels on the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parenti
- Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F De Logu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - P Geppetti
- Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Benemei
- Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Mori Y, Takahashi N, Polat OK, Kurokawa T, Takeda N, Inoue M. Redox-sensitive transient receptor potential channels in oxygen sensing and adaptation. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:85-97. [PMID: 26149285 PMCID: PMC4700073 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of ion channels is central to the mechanisms that underlie immediate acute physiological responses to changes in the availability of molecular oxygen (O2). A group of cation-permeable channels that are formed by transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins have been characterized as exquisite sensors of redox reactive species and as efficient actuators of electric/ionic signals in vivo. In this review, we first discuss how redox-sensitive TRP channels such as TRPA1 have recently emerged as sensors of the relatively inert oxidant O2. With regard to the physiological significance of O2 sensor TRP channels, vagal TRPA1 channels are mainly discussed with respect to their role in respiratory regulation in comparison with canonical pathways in glomus cells of the carotid body, which is a well-established O2-sensing organ. TRPM7 channels are discussed regarding hypoxia-sensing function in ischemic cell death. Also, ubiquitous expression of TRPA1 and TRPM7 together with their physiological relevance in the body is examined. Finally, based upon these studies on TRP channels, we propose a hypothesis of “O2 remodeling.” The hypothesis is that cells detect deviation of O2 availability from appropriate levels via sensors and adjust local O2 environments in vivo by controlling supply and consumption of O2 via pathways comprising cellular signals and transcription factors downstream of sensors, which consequently optimize physiological functions. This new insight into O2 adaptation through ion channels, particularly TRPs, may foster a paradigm shift in our understanding in the biological significance of O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
- Laboratory of Environmental Systems Biology, Department of Technology and Ecology, Hall of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Onur Kerem Polat
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-8511, Japan
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57
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Zeng Z, Leng T, Feng X, Sun H, Inoue K, Zhu L, Xiong ZG. Silencing TRPM7 in mouse cortical astrocytes impairs cell proliferation and migration via ERK and JNK signaling pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119912. [PMID: 25799367 PMCID: PMC4370640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a non-selective cation channel, is highly expressed expressed in the brain and plays a critical role in ischemic neuronal death. Astrocyte, the most abundant cell type in central nervous system (CNS), exerts many essential functions in the physiological and pathological conditions. Here we investigated the expression and functions of the TRPM7 channel in mouse cortical astrocytes. Using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, immunostaining, western blot and patch clamp recording, we showed that functional TRPM7 channel is expressed in cultured mouse cortical astrocytes. Knocking down TRPM7 with specific siRNA impairs the proliferation and migration of astrocytes by 40.2% ± 3.9% and 40.1% ± 11.5%, respectively. Consistently, inhibition of TRPM7 with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) also decreases astrocyte proliferation and migration by 46.1% ± 2.5% and 64.2% ± 2.4%. MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways have been shown to be implicated in TRPM7-mediated responses including cell proliferation and migration. Our data show that suppression of TRPM7 in astrocytes reduces the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt. In addition, TRPM7, as a cation channel, has been involved in the Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ homeostasis in several types of cells. In our study, we found that silencing TRPM7 decreases the intracellular basal Mg²⁺ concentration without affecting Ca²⁺ concentration in astrocytes. However, an addition of Mg²⁺ to the growth medium could not rescue the impaired proliferation of astrocytes. Together, our data suggest that TRPM7 channel may play a critical role in the proliferation and migration of astrocytes via the ERK and JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zeng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive and translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiandong Leng
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Xuechao Feng
- Membrane Channel Research Laboratory and Key Laboratory for Applied Statistics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Huawei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive and translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: ; (LZ); (ZGX)
| | - Zhi-Gang Xiong
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail: ; (LZ); (ZGX)
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58
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Natural and Synthetic Modulators of the TRPM7 Channel. Cells 2014; 3:1089-101. [PMID: 25437439 PMCID: PMC4276914 DOI: 10.3390/cells3041089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) is a bi-functional protein comprising a TRP ion channel segment linked to an α-type protein kinase domain. Genetic inactivation of TRPM7 revealed its central role in magnesium metabolism, cell motility, proliferation and differentiation. TRPM7 is associated with anoxic neuronal death, cardiac fibrosis and tumor progression highlighting TRPM7 as a new drug target. Recently, several laboratories have independently identified pharmacological compounds inhibiting or activating the TRPM7 channel. The recently found TRPM7 modulators were used as new experimental tools to unravel cellular functions of the TRPM7 channel. Here, we provide a concise overview of this emerging field.
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Supplemental Carvacrol Can Reduce the Severity of Inflammation by Influencing the Production of Mediators of Inflammation. Inflammation 2014; 38:1020-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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