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Korac B, Kalezic A, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Korac A, Jankovic A. Redox changes in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101887. [PMID: 33579666 PMCID: PMC8113039 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Life is an instantaneous encounter of circulating matter and flowing energy" (Jean Giaja, Serbian physiologist), is one of the most elegant definitions not only of life but the relationship of redox biology and metabolism. Their evolutionary liaison has created inseparable yet dynamic homeostasis in health, which, when disrupted, leads to disease. This interconnection is even more pertinent today, in an era of increasing metabolic diseases of epidemic proportions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Despite great advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of redox and metabolic regulation, we face significant challenges in preventing, diagnosing, and treating metabolic diseases. The etiological association and temporal overlap of these syndromes present significant challenges for the discrimination of appropriate clinical biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment, and outcome prediction. These multifactorial, multiorgan metabolic syndromes with complex etiopathogenic mechanisms are accompanied by disturbed redox equilibrium in target tissues and circulation. Free radicals and reactive species are considered both a causal factor and a consequence of disease status. Thus, determining the subtypes and levels of free radicals and reactive species, oxidatively damaged biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) and antioxidant defense components as well as redox-sensitive transcription factors and fluxes of redox-dependent metabolic pathways will help define existing and establish novel redox biomarkers for stratifying metabolic diseases. This review aims to discuss diverse redox/metabolic aspects in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, with the imperative to help establish a platform for emerging and future redox-metabolic biomarkers research in precision medicine. Future research warrants detailed investigations into the status of redox biomarkers in healthy subjects and patients, including the use of emerging 'omic' profiling technologies (e.g., redox proteomes, lipidomes, metabolomes, and transcriptomes), taking into account the influence of lifestyle (diet, physical activity, sleep, work patterns) as well as circadian ~24h fluctuations in circulatory factors and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Center for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Andjelika Kalezic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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52
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. The link among microbiota, epigenetics, and disease development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28926-28964. [PMID: 33860421 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is a community of various microorganisms that inhabit or live on the skin of humans/animals, sharing the body space with their hosts. It is a sort of complex ecosystem of trillions of commensals, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms, including trillions of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. The microbiota plays a role in the health and disease status of the host. Their number, species dominance, and viability are dynamic. Their long-term disturbance is usually accompanied by serious diseases such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or even cancer. While epigenetics is a term that refers to different stimuli that induce modifications in gene expression patterns without structural changes in the inherited DNA sequence, these changes can be reversible or even persist for several generations. Epigenetics can be described as cell memory that stores experience against internal and external factors. Results from multiple institutions have contributed to the role and close interaction of both microbiota and epigenetics in disease induction. Understanding the mechanisms of both players enables a better understanding of disease induction and development and also opens the horizon to revolutionary therapeutic approaches. The present review illustrates the roles of diet, microbiome, and epigenetics in the induction of several chronic diseases. In addition, it discusses the application of epigenetic data to develop diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics and evaluate their safety for patients. Understanding the interaction among all these elements enables the development of innovative preventive/therapeutic approaches for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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53
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Sulforaphane ameliorates lipid profile in rodents: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7804. [PMID: 33833347 PMCID: PMC8032686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally-occurring isothiocyanate enriched in cabbage and broccoli, has been provided as food supplements to improve weight management and reduce lipid levels. However, its effects on serum lipid profiles are contradictory. In this review, a meta-analysis and systematic review of SFN on lipid reduction and weight control is assessed with mice and rats fed on high-fat diet. The effects of SFN supplementation were evaluated by weighted mean difference (WMD) in body weight (BW), liver weight (LW) and also by its effect on serum lipids. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the overall summary effect. SFN reduced BW (WMD: − 2.76 g, 95% CI: − 4.19, − 1.34) and LW (WMD: − 0.93 g, 95% CI: − 1.63, − 0.23) significantly in our ten trials. Its effects on serum total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: − 15.62 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 24.07, − 7.18), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: − 8.35 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 15.47, − 1.24) and triglyceride (TG) (WMD: − 40.85 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 67.46, − 14.24) were significant except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) component (WMD: 1.05 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 3.44, 5.54). However, species, disease model, duration, SFN dosage as well as route of administration did not explain the heterogeneity among studies. In summary, these findings provide new insights concerning preclinical strategies for treating diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as cardiovascular disease with SFN supplements.
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54
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Sun N, Meng F, Zhao J, Li X, Li R, Han J, Chen X, Cheng W, Yang X, Kou Y, Zheng K, Yang J, Ikezoe T. Aurka deficiency in the intestinal epithelium promotes age-induced obesity via propionate-mediated AKT activation. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1302-1314. [PMID: 33867847 PMCID: PMC8040479 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.56477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora-A kinase, a serine/threonine mitotic kinase involved in mitosis, is overexpressed in several human cancers. A recent study showed that Aurora-A mediates glucose metabolism via SOX8/FOXK1 in ovarian cancer. However, the roles of Aurora-A in metabolic diseases remain unclear. This study found that Aurka loss in the intestinal epithelium promoted age-induced obesity and enlargement of lipid droplets in parallel with an increase in infiltrated macrophages in the white adipocyte tissue (WAT) of male mice. Moreover, loss of Aurka induced the expression of lipid metabolism regulatory genes, including acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (Acc1), in association with an increase in the levels of p-AKT in the intestinal epithelium as well as WAT. Blockade of AKT activation reduced the expression of lipid metabolism regulatory genes. In subsequent experiments, we found that the Firmicutes abundance and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut were dramatically increased in Aurkaf/+;VillinCre/+ mice compared with Aurkaf/+ mice. Additionally, propionate increased the phosphorylation of AKT in vitro. These observations indicated that Aurka loss in the intestinal epithelium contributed to gut microbiota dysbiosis and higher levels of SCFAs, especially propionate, leading to AKT activation and lipid metabolism regulatory gene expression, which in turn promoted age-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Fandong Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Jie Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Xueqin Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Rongqing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Jing Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Wanpeng Cheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Yanbo Kou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Takayuki Ikezoe
- The Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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55
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Liu J, Tan Y, Ao H, Feng W, Peng C. Aqueous extracts of Aconite promote thermogenesis in rats with hypothermia via regulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Chin Med 2021; 16:29. [PMID: 33741035 PMCID: PMC7980327 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intermittent or prolonged exposure to severe cold stress disturbs energy homeostasis and can lead to hypothermia, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and so on. As the typical “hot” traditional Chinese medicine, Aconite has been widely used to treat cold-associated diseases for thousands of years, but its critical mechanisms for the promotion of thermogenesis are not fully resolved. Gut microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis. Here, we investigated whether the aqueous extracts of Aconite (AA) can enhance thermogenesis through modulation of the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota in hypothermic rats. Methods The therapeutic effects of AA on body temperature, energy intake, and the histopathology of white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue of hypothermic rats were assessed. Microbiota analysis based on 16 S rRNA and targeted metabolomics for bile acids (BAs) were used to evaluate the composition of gut microbiota and BAs pool. The antibiotic cocktail treatment was adopted to further confirm the relationship between the gut microbiota and the thermogenesis-promoting effects of AA. Results Our results showed a sharp drop in rectal temperature and body surface temperature in hypothermic rats. Administration of AA can significantly increase core body temperature, surface body temperature, energy intake, browning of white adipose tissue, and thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue. Importantly, these ameliorative effects of AA were accompanied by the shift of the disturbed composition of gut microbiota toward a healthier profile and the increased levels of BAs. In addition, the depletion of gut microbiota and the reduction of BAs caused by antibiotic cocktails reduced the thermogenesis-promoting effect of AA. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that AA promoted thermogenesis in rats with hypothermia via regulating gut microbiota and BAs metabolism. Our findings can also provide a novel solution for the treatment of thermogenesis-associated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hui Ao
- National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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56
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Botanic Origin of Propolis Extract Powder Drives Contrasted Impact on Diabesity in High-Fat-Fed Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030411. [PMID: 33803136 PMCID: PMC8000394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis extracts are considered as nutraceutical products with potentialities towards obesity and comorbidities management. Nevertheless, propolis extracts composition is highly variable and depends on the botanic origin of plants used by the bees to produce propolis. This study aims to evaluate the differential effect of poplar propolis extract powder (PPEP), Baccharis propolis extract powder (BPEP), and/ or Dalbergia propolis extract powder (DPEP) on obesity and glucose homeostasis in high-fat-fed mice. PPEP supplementation reduced high-fat (HF)-mediated body weight gain, adiposity index, and improved glucose homeostasis in male C57Bl/6J mice that were submitted to a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, whereas BPEP, DPEP, or a mix of the three PEPs did not modify those parameters. Adipose tissue (AT) gene expression profiling highlighted an induction of mRNA related to lipid catabolism and an inhibition of mRNA coding for inflammatory markers. Several Nrf2 target genes, coding for antioxidant enzymes, were induced in AT under PPEP effect, but not by other PEP. Interestingly, representative PPEP polyphenols mediated the induction of Nrf2 target genes cell-autonomously in adipocytes, suggesting that this induction may be related to the specific polyphenol content of PPEP. Whereas PPEP supplementation has demonstrated a clear potential to blunt the onset of obesity and associated comorbidities, other PEPs (from Baccharis and Dalbergia) were inefficient to support their role in preventive nutrition.
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57
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Lee MK, Lee B, Kim CY. Natural Extracts That Stimulate Adipocyte Browning and Their Underlying Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020308. [PMID: 33671335 PMCID: PMC7922619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in understanding the developmental lineage and transcriptional factors regulating brown and beige adipocytes, the role of environmental modifiers, such as food components and natural extracts, remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, the undesirable pleiotropic effects produced by synthetic drugs targeting adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis necessitate research into alternative natural sources to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders. The current review, therefore, focused on the effects of various extracts from foods, plants, and marine products on adipose tissue browning and obesity. In particular, the recent findings of food components and marine products on adipose tissue browning will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Daeyeon Dong, Busan 608737, Korea;
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Daeyeon Dong, Busan 608737, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (C.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5852 (B.L.); +82-53-810-2871 (C.Y.K.)
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (C.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5852 (B.L.); +82-53-810-2871 (C.Y.K.)
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58
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Ma P, He P, Xu CY, Hou BY, Qiang GF, DU GH. Recent developments in natural products for white adipose tissue browning. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:803-817. [PMID: 33308601 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Excess accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) causes obesity which is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is a serious concern because it has been the leading causes of death worldwide, including diabetes, stroke, heart disease and cancer. Therefore, uncovering the mechanism of obesity and discovering anti-obesity drugs are crucial to prevent obesity and its complications. Browning, inducing white adipose tissue to brown or beige (brite) fat which is brown-like fat emerging in WAT, becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic disorders. Due to lack of efficacy or intolerable side-effects, the clinical trials that promote brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and browning of WAT have not been successful in humans. Obviously, more specific means still need to be developed to activate browning of white adipose tissue. In this review, we summarized seven kinds of natural products (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, long chain fatty acids, phenolic acids, else and extract) promoting white adipose tissue browning which can ameliorate the metabolic disorders, including obesity, dislipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes. Since natural products are important drug sources and the browning property plays a significant role in not only obesity treatment but also in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) improvement, natural products of inducing browning may be an irreplaceable drug discovery orientation for obesity, diabetes and even other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chun-Yang Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Bi-Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gui-Fen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua DU
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
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59
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Zhang HY, Tian JX, Lian FM, Li M, Liu WK, Zhen Z, Liao JQ, Tong XL. Therapeutic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine to improve metabolic diseases via the gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110857. [PMID: 33197760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia are associated with the dysfunction of gut microbiota. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have shown considerable effects in the treatment of metabolic disorders by regulating the gut microbiota. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Studies have shown that TCMs significantly affect glucose and lipid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota, particularly mucin-degrading bacteria, bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, lipopolysaccharide- and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, and bacteria with bile-salt hydrolase activity. In this review, we explored potential mechanisms by which TCM improved metabolic disorders via regulating gut microbiota composition and functional structure. In particular, we focused on the protection of the intestinal barrier function, modulation of metabolic endotoxemia and inflammatory responses, regulation of the effects of SCFAs, modulation of the gut-brain axis, and regulation of bile acid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism as therapeutic mechanisms of TCMs in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia-Xing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wen-Ke Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jiang-Quan Liao
- Department of National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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60
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Wang M, Zhao H, Wen X, Ho CT, Li S. Citrus flavonoids and the intestinal barrier: Interactions and effects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:225-251. [PMID: 33443802 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier plays a central role in sustaining gut homeostasis and, when dysfunctional, may contribute to diseases. Dietary flavonoids derived from Citrus genus represent one of the main naturally occurring phytochemicals with multiple potential benefits for the intestinal barrier function. In the intestine, citrus flavonoids (CFs) undergo ingestion from the lumen, biotransformation in the epithelial cells and/or crosstalk with luminal microbiota to afford various metabolites that may in turn exert protective actions on gut barrier along with their parental compounds. Specifically, the health-promoting properties of CFs and their metabolic bioactives for the intestinal barrier include their capacity to (a) modulate barrier permeability; (b) protect mucus layer; (c) regulate intestinal immune system; (d) fight against oxidative stress; and (e) positively shape microbiome and metabolome. Notably, local effects of CFs can also generate systemic benefits, for instance, improvement of gut microbial dysbiosis helpful to orchestrate gut homeostasis and leading to alleviation of systemic dysmetabolism. Given the important role of the intestinal barrier in overall health, further understanding of underlying action mechanisms and ultimate health effects of CFs as well as their metabolites on the intestine is of great significance to future application of citrus plants and their bioactives as dietary supplements and/or functional ingredients in medical foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory for EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei, China.,Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Piragine E, Flori L, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Pagnotta E, Matteo R, Lazzeri L, Martelli A, Miragliotta V, Pirone A, Testai L, Calderone V. Eruca sativa Mill. seed extract promotes anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects in mice fed with a high-fat diet. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1983-1990. [PMID: 33141966 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is currently considered a major source of morbidity, with dramatic complications on health status and life expectancy. Several studies demonstrated the positive effects of Brassicaceae vegetables on obesity and related diseases, partially attributing these beneficial properties to glucosinolates and their derivatives isothiocyanates. Recently, isothiocyanates have been described as a hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)-releasing moiety, suggesting that H2 S may be at least in part responsible for the beneficial effects of Brassicaceae. In this work, the metabolic effects of an extract obtained from Eruca sativa Mill. seeds (E.S., Brassicaceae), containing high levels of glucoerucin, were evaluated in an experimental model of obesity. Male balb/c mice were fed for 10 weeks with standard (Std) diet or high fat (HF) diet supplemented with E.S. E.S. significantly contained the body weight gain in this obesity model, improving also glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, lower values of white adipose tissue mass and a significant reduction of adipocytes size were also observed. Moreover, E.S. enhanced the adipocytes metabolism, improving the citrate synthase activity and reduced triglyceride levels in mice fed with HF diet. Taken together, these results suggest that E.S. is endowed with an interesting translational and nutraceutical value in the prevention of metabolic disorders, suggesting that H2 S could be a key player.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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62
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Piragine E, Calderone V. Pharmacological modulation of the hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) system by dietary H 2 S-donors: A novel promising strategy in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1817-1846. [PMID: 33118671 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents the most common age-related metabolic disorder, and its management is becoming both a health and economic issue worldwide. Moreover, chronic hyperglycemia represents one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular complications. In the last years, the emerging evidence about the role of the endogenous gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM led to increasing interest in the pharmacological modulation of endogenous "H2 S-system". Indeed, H2 S directly contributes to the homeostatic maintenance of blood glucose levels; moreover, it improves impaired angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction under hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, H2 S promotes significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, thus preventing hyperglycemia-induced vascular damage, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Therefore, H2 S-releasing molecules represent a promising strategy in both clinical management of T2DM and prevention of macro- and micro-vascular complications associated to hyperglycemia. Recently, growing attention has been focused on dietary organosulfur compounds. Among them, garlic polysulfides and isothiocyanates deriving from Brassicaceae have been recognized as H2 S-donors of great pharmacological and nutraceutical interest. Therefore, a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring H2 S-donors may pave the way to a more rational use of these nutraceuticals in the modulation of H2 S homeostasis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Esteve M. Mechanisms Underlying Biological Effects of Cruciferous Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates/Indoles: A Focus on Metabolic Syndrome. Front Nutr 2020; 7:111. [PMID: 32984393 PMCID: PMC7492599 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An inverse correlation between vegetable consumption and the incidence of cancer has long been described. This protective effect is stronger when cruciferous vegetables are specifically consumed. The beneficial properties of vegetables are attributed to their bioactive components like fiber, antioxidants vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Cruciferous vegetables contain all these molecules; however, what makes them different are their sulfurous components, called glucosinolates, responsible for their special smell and taste. Glucosinolates are inactive biologically in the organism but are hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase released as a result of chewing, leading to the formation of active derivatives such as isothiocyanates and indoles. A considerable number of in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that isothiocyanates and indoles elicit chemopreventive potency through multiple mechanisms that include modulation of phases I and II detoxification pathway enzymes, regulation of cell cycle arrest, and control of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, antioxidant activity, anti-angiogenic effects, and epigenetic regulation. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are key and central regulators in all these processes with a main role in oxidative stress and inflammation control. It has been described that isothiocyanates and indoles regulate their activity directly and indirectly. Today, the metabolic syndrome (central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension) is responsible for a majority of deaths worldwide. All components of metabolic syndrome are characterized by chronic inflammation with deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/EKR/JNK, Nrf2, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The effects of GLSs derivatives controlling these pathways have been widely described in relation to cancer. Changes in food consumption patterns observed in the last decades to higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, with elevation in simple sugar and saturated fat contents and lower consumption of vegetables and fruits have been directly correlated with metabolic syndrome prevalence. In this review, it is summarized the knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which cruciferous glucosinolate derivatives (isothiocyanates and indoles) directly and indirectly regulate these pathways. However, the review places a special focus on the knowledge of the effects of glucosinolates derivatives in metabolic syndrome, since this has not been reviewed before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Esteve
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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64
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Yang H, Qin J, Wang X, EI-Shora HM, Yu B. Production of plant-derived anticancer precursor glucoraphanin in chromosomally engineered Escherichia coli. Microbiol Res 2020; 238:126484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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65
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Cardinault N, Tourniaire F, Astier J, Couturier C, Perrin E, Dalifard J, Seipelt E, Mounien L, Letullier C, Bonnet L, Karkeni E, Delbah N, Georgé S, Landrier JF. Poplar Propolis Ethanolic Extract Reduces Body Weight Gain and Glucose Metabolism Disruption in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000275. [PMID: 32729164 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Current evidence supports the beneficial effect of polyphenols on the management of obesity and associated comorbidities. This is the case for propolis, a polyphenol-rich substance produced by bees. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of a poplar propolis ethanolic extract (PPEE) on obesity and glucose homeostasis, and to unveil its putative molecular mechanisms of action. METHODS AND RESULTS Male high-fat (HF) diet-fed mice are administered PPEE for 12 weeks. PPEE supplementation reduces the HF-mediated adiposity index, adipocyte hypertrophy, and body weight gain. It also improves HOMA-IR and fasting glucose levels. Gene expression profiling of adipose tissue (AT) shows an induction of mRNA related to lipid catabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibition of mRNA coding for inflammatory markers. Interestingly, several Nrf2-target genes are induced in AT following administration of PPEE. The ability of PPEE to induce the expression of Nrf2-target genes is studied in adipocytes. PPEE is found to transactivate the Nrf2 response element and the Nrf2 DNA-binding, suggesting that part of the effect of PPEE can be mediated by Nrf2. CONCLUSION PPEE supplementation may represent an interesting preventive strategy to tackle the onset of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France.,CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Julien Astier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Charlène Couturier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Estelle Perrin
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Julie Dalifard
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Eva Seipelt
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Claire Letullier
- Pollenergie, La Grabère, Saint Hilaire de Lusignan, 47450, France
| | - Lauriane Bonnet
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Esma Karkeni
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Naïma Delbah
- CTCPA, 449 Avenue Clément Ader, Avignon, 84911, France
| | | | - Jean-François Landrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France.,CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
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Leyva-Jiménez FJ, Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Molina-Tijeras JA, Diez-Echave P, Vezza T, Hidalgo-García L, Lozano-Sánchez J, Arráez-Román D, Cenis JL, Lozano-Pérez AA, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Segura-Carretero A, Gálvez J. Comparative Study of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Leaf Extracts from Four Different Morus alba Genotypes in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080733. [PMID: 32796677 PMCID: PMC7465205 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a low-grade chronic inflammation in multiple organs have been demonstrated in obesity. Morus alba leaves extracts (MAEs) have been used in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory agents. In this work, the bioactive compounds of different genotypes of M. alba L. (Filipina, Valenciana Temprana, Kokuso, and Italia) were analyzed not only by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography–electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-TOF-MS), but also screened for in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity by means of DPPH• radical scavenging assay and Caenorhabditis elegans model. These MAEs were administered daily in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice. Filipina and Italia genotypes significantly reduced weight gain, the glycemic levels in high fat diet, as well as, levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Filipina and Italia MAEs also reduced the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as Tnf-α, Il-1β, Il-6 and increased the levels of adiponectin and AMPK, which exert anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, Italia genotype ameliorated the intestinal barrier function. In conclusion, Filipina and Italia methanolic extracts show the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, due to the presence of compounds such as protocatechuic acid or quercetin-3-glucoside, and they could be developed as a complementary treatment for obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, E-18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (J.L.-S.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.J.R.-M.); (J.A.M.-T.); (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Alberto Molina-Tijeras
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.J.R.-M.); (J.A.M.-T.); (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Diez-Echave
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.J.R.-M.); (J.A.M.-T.); (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.J.R.-M.); (J.A.M.-T.); (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Hidalgo-García
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.J.R.-M.); (J.A.M.-T.); (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, E-18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (J.L.-S.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, E-18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (J.L.-S.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Luis Cenis
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, 30150 La Alberca (Murcia), Spain;
| | - Antonio Abel Lozano-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, 30150 La Alberca (Murcia), Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.A.L.-P.); (A.R.-N.); Tel.: +34-958241519 (A.R.-N.)
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.J.R.-M.); (J.A.M.-T.); (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.A.L.-P.); (A.R.-N.); Tel.: +34-958241519 (A.R.-N.)
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, E-18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (J.L.-S.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.J.R.-M.); (J.A.M.-T.); (P.D.-E.); (T.V.); (L.H.-G.); (J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain
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Wang L, Ren B, Hui Y, Chu C, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Shi R, Ren J, Dai X, Liu Z, Liu X. Methionine Restriction Regulates Cognitive Function in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice: Roles of Diurnal Rhythms of SCFAs Producing- and Inflammation-Related Microbes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000190. [PMID: 32729963 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Methionine restriction (MR) is known to potently alleviate inflammation and improve gut microbiome in obese mice. The gut microbiome exhibits diurnal rhythmicity in composition and function, and this, in turn, drives oscillations in host metabolism. High-fat diet (HFD) strongly altered microbiome diurnal rhythmicity, however, the role of microbiome diurnal rhythmicity in mediating the improvement effects of MR on obesity-related metabolic disorders remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice are fed a low-fat diet or HFD for 4 weeks, followed with a full diet (0.86% methionine, w/w) or a methionine-restricted diet (0.17% methionine, w/w) for 8 weeks. Analyzing microbiome diurnal rhythmicity at six time points, the results show that HFD disrupts the cyclical fluctuations of the gut microbiome in mice. MR partially restores these cyclical fluctuations, which lead to time-specifically enhance the abundance of short-chain fatty acids producing bacteria, increases the acetate and butyric, and dampens the oscillation of inflammation-related Desulfovibrionales and Staphylococcaceae over the course of 1 day. Notably, MR, which protects against systemic inflammation, influences brain function and synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSION MR could serve as a potential nutritional intervention for attenuating obesity-induced cognitive impairments by balancing the circadian rhythm in microbiome-gut-brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yan Hui
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.,Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1958, Denmark
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhenting Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Beita Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junli Ren
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Dai
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Andrographolide Exerts Antihyperglycemic Effect through Strengthening Intestinal Barrier Function and Increasing Microbial Composition of Akkermansia muciniphila. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6538930. [PMID: 32774682 PMCID: PMC7396114 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6538930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis, implying the potential targets for T2D therapeutics. Andrographolide was reported to have several beneficial effects on diabetes and its associated complications. However, the protective role of andrographolide, as well as its underlying mechanism against T2D, remains elusive. Herein, we reported that andrographolide enhanced intestinal barrier integrity in LPS-induced Caco-2 cells as indicated by the improvement of cell monolayer barrier permeability and upregulation of tight junction protein expression. In addition, andrographolide alleviated LPS-induced oxidative stress by preventing ROS and superoxide anion radical overproduction and reversing glutathione depletion. In line with the in vitro results, andrographolide reduced metabolic endotoxemia and strengthened gut barrier integrity in db/db diabetic mice. We also found that andrographolide appeared to ameliorate glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and attenuated diabetes-associated redox disturbance and inflammation. Furthermore, our results indicated that andrographolide modified gut microbiota composition as indicated by elevated Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, enriched microbial species of Akkermansia muciniphila, and increased SCFAs level. Taken together, this study demonstrated that andrographolide exerted a glucose-lowering effect through strengthening intestinal barrier function and increasing the microbial species of A. muciniphila, which illuminates a plausible approach to prevent T2D by regulating gut barrier integrity and shaping intestinal microbiota composition.
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Sikorska-Zimny K, Beneduce L. The glucosinolates and their bioactive derivatives in Brassica: a review on classification, biosynthesis and content in plant tissues, fate during and after processing, effect on the human organism and interaction with the gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2544-2571. [PMID: 32584172 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1780193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review of the scientific literature reporting content, composition and biosynthesis of glucosinolates (GLS), and their derivative compounds in Brassica family. An amended classification of brassica species, varieties and their GLS content, organized for the different plant organs and in uniformed concentration measure unit, is here reported for the first time in a harmonized and comparative manner. In the last years, the studies carried out on the effect of processing on vegetables and the potential benefits for human health has increased rapidly and consistently the knowledge on the topic. Therefore, there was the need for an updated revision of the scientific literature of pre- and post-harvest modifications of GLS content, along with the role of gut microbiota in influencing their bioavailability once they are ingested. After analyzing and standardizing over 100 articles and the related data, the highest GLS content in Brassica, was declared in B. nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch (201.95 ± 53.36 µmol g-1), followed by B. oleracea Alboglabra group (180.9 ± 70.3 µmol g-1). The authors also conclude that food processing can influence significantly the final content of GLS, considering the most popular methods: boiling, blanching, steaming, the latter can be considered as the most favorable to preserve highest level of GLS and their deriviatives. Therefore, a mild-processing strategic approach for GLS or their derivatives in food is recommended, in order to minimize the loss of actual bioactive impact. Finally, the human gut microbiota is influenced by Brassica-rich diet and can contribute in certain conditions to the increasing of GLS bioavailability but further studies are needed to assess the actual role of microbiomes in the bioavailability of healthy glucosinolate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Sikorska-Zimny
- Fruit and Vegetables Storage and Processing Department, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland.,Stefan Batory State University, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Luciano Beneduce
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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70
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Ke Z, Zhao Y, Tan S, Chen H, Li Y, Zhou Z, Huang C. Citrus reticulata Blanco peel extract ameliorates hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in HF and MCD diet-induced NASH C57BL/6 J mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108426. [PMID: 32559586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Excessive lipid deposition, oxidative stress and inflammation in liver tissues are regarded as crucial inducers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is the most frequent chronic liver disease and closely related to obesity and insulin resistance. In this work, the preventive and therapeutic effects of Citrus reticulata Blanco (Jizigan) peel extract (JZE) on NASH induced by high fat (HF) diet and methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet in C57BL/6 mice were investigated. We found that daily supplementation of JZE with an HF diet effectively ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. In addition, the key indexes of lipid profiles, oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis and inflammatory factors were also ameliorated in both NASH mouse models. Furthermore, JZE treatment activated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the livers of diet- induced NASH mice. Our study suggests that JZE might alleviate NASH via the activation of Nrf2 signaling and that citrus Jizigan could be used as a dietary therapy for NASH and related metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunli Ke
- Morphological Laboratory, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Si Tan
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yin Li
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Rai R, Gong Essel K, Mangiaracina Benbrook D, Garland J, Daniel Zhao Y, Chandra V. Preclinical Efficacy and Involvement of AKT, mTOR, and ERK Kinases in the Mechanism of Sulforaphane against Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1273. [PMID: 32443471 PMCID: PMC7281543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane exerts anti-cancer activity against multiple cancer types. Our objective was to evaluate utility of sulforaphane for endometrial cancer therapy. Sulforaphane reduced viability of endometrial cancer cell lines in association with the G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell division cycle protein 2 (Cdc2) phosphorylation, and intrinsic apoptosis. Inhibition of anchorage-independent growth, invasion, and migration of the cell lines was associated with sulforaphane-induced alterations in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers of increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin expression. Proteomic analysis identified alterations in AKT, mTOR, and ERK kinases in the networks of sulforaphane effects in the Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell line. Western blots confirmed sulforaphane inhibition of AKT, mTOR, and induction of ERK with alterations in downstream signaling. AKT and mTOR inhibitors reduced endometrial cancer cell line viability and prevented further reduction by sulforaphane. Accumulation of nuclear phosphorylated ERK was associated with reduced sensitivity to the ERK inhibitor and its interference with sulforaphane activity. Sulforaphane induced apoptosis-associated growth inhibition of Ishikawa xenograft tumors to a greater extent than paclitaxel, with no evidence of toxicity. These results verify sulforaphane's potential as a non-toxic treatment candidate for endometrial cancer and identify AKT, mTOR, and ERK kinases in the mechanism of action with interference in the mechanism by nuclear phosphorylated ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Rai
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Kathleen Gong Essel
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Justin Garland
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Yan Daniel Zhao
- Biostatistics & Epidemiology, College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Vishal Chandra
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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Lee DH, Chang SH, Yang DK, Song NJ, Yun UJ, Park KW. Sesamol Increases Ucp1 Expression in White Adipose Tissues and Stimulates Energy Expenditure in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051459. [PMID: 32443555 PMCID: PMC7284577 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesamol found in sesame oil has been shown to ameliorate obesity by regulating lipid metabolism. However, its effects on energy expenditure and the underlying molecular mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we show that sesamol increased the uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression in adipocytes. The administration of sesamol in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice prevented weight gain and improved metabolic derangements. The three-week sesamol treatment of HFD-fed mice, when the body weights were not different between the sesamol and control groups, increased energy expenditure, suggesting that an induced energy expenditure is a primary contributing factor for sesamol’s anti-obese effects. Consistently, sesamol induced the expression of energy-dissipating thermogenic genes, including Ucp1, in white adipose tissues. The microarray analysis showed that sesamol dramatically increased the Nrf2 target genes such as Hmox1 and Atf3 in adipocytes. Moreover, 76% (60/79 genes) of the sesamol-induced genes were also regulated by tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a known Nrf2 activator. We further verified that sesamol directly activated the Nrf2-mediated transcription. In addition, the Hmox1 and Ucp1 induction by sesamol was compromised in Nrf2-deleted cells, indicating the necessity of Nrf2 in the sesamol-mediated Ucp1 induction. Together, these findings demonstrate the effects of sesamol in inducing Ucp1 and in increasing energy expenditure, further highlighting the use of the Nrf2 activation in stimulating thermogenic adipocytes and in increasing energy expenditure in obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.H.L.); (S.-H.C.); (N.-J.S.); (U.J.Y.)
| | - Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.H.L.); (S.-H.C.); (N.-J.S.); (U.J.Y.)
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Korea;
| | - No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.H.L.); (S.-H.C.); (N.-J.S.); (U.J.Y.)
| | - Ui Jeong Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.H.L.); (S.-H.C.); (N.-J.S.); (U.J.Y.)
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.H.L.); (S.-H.C.); (N.-J.S.); (U.J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-031-290-7804; Fax: +82-031-290-7882
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Xu X, Dai M, Lao F, Chen F, Hu X, Liu Y, Wu J. Effect of glucoraphanin from broccoli seeds on lipid levels and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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A Critical Review on the Role of Food and Nutrition in the Energy Balance. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041161. [PMID: 32331288 PMCID: PMC7231187 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mass media has increasingly frequently suggested to the general population that specific foods or nutritional schemes are able to affect both human metabolism and energy expenditure, thus facilitating weight loss. This critical review is aimed at assessing available evidence on the roles of nutrients, food and dietary regimens in energy intake and energy expenditure. We queried the National Library of Medicine, the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASEand the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, and a search strategy was performed by using database-specific subject headings and keywords. We found that available scientific evidence on these topics is scarce, and that the limited number of available studies often have poor methodological quality. Only a few foods show beneficial effects on metabolism and energy expenditure, as the human energy balance is complex and multifactorial. Finally, microbiota may interfere with the intake, use and expenditure of energy in the human body. Conclusive evidence is still lacking, and, at present, it is not possible to identify a food or a diet with a significant impact on human energy expenditure.
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75
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Yao L, Han Z, Zhao G, Xiao Y, Zhou X, Dai R, Han M, Wang Z, Xin R, Wang S. Ginsenoside Rd Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Enhancing Adaptive Thermogenesis in a cAMP-Dependent Manner. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:783-792. [PMID: 32144882 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the discovery of thermogenic adipocytes in humans, it has been hypothesized that enhancing adaptive thermogenesis may improve obesity. Although many studies have found that ginseng can improve obesity, the beneficial effects of ginsenoside Rd on obesity and its mechanisms have not been studied. METHODS High-fat diet-induced obese mice were used as the study subjects, with intraperitoneal injection of Rd daily at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Body weight and energy metabolism were observed. The effects of Rd on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and cold tolerance were tested. The expression of genes associated with thermogenesis was analyzed. Finally, the mechanisms by which Rd regulates adaptive thermogenesis were studied. RESULTS Rd ameliorated obesity and insulin resistance. Rd increased cold tolerance through enhancing thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue and increased the browning of white adipose tissue induced by cold stress. Rd increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content. Decreasing intracellular cAMP levels by an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase SQ22536 abolished the promoting effects of Rd on the expression of thermogenic genes. CONCLUSIONS Rd improves obesity and insulin resistance. The upregulation of thermogenesis by Rd is dependent on the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Zaiqi Han
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Laboratory of Scientific Research, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yanfang Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Xuenan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Rongzheng Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Meijing Han
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Rongshuang Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Shuran Wang
- College of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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77
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Islam MT, Ali ES, Mubarak MS. Anti-obesity effect of plant diterpenes and their derivatives: A review. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1216-1225. [PMID: 31977122 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat is accumulated by a combination of excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility. Obesity increases the risk of various diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and depression. This review focuses on most recent reports pertaining to the antiobesity activity of plant-derived diterpenes in different databases. For this, a search (until August 2019) was conducted in the PubMed and Science Direct databases with the following keywords: "plant diterpenes" or "plant diterpenoids" paired with "obesity" or "antiobesity effects." Overall, 729 references that used the aforementioned keywords were selected, among which 34 articles have been included in this review. Results from this search suggest that a number of diterpenes and their derivatives have been found to exert antiobesity effects through various mechanisms, such as overweight reduction or modification of body mass index, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition, lipase activity inhibition, antiadipogenesis effect, among others. Carnosic acid, carnosol and the derivatives of abietic acid, steviol, and andrographolide are examples of important antiobesity diterpenes and their derivatives. Of note, plant-derived diterpenes may be potential candidates for managing obesity and obesity-related diseases and disorders in human and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Eunus S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals and Research Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Li L, Li R, Zhu R, Chen B, Tian Y, Zhang H, Xia B, Jia Q, Wang L, Zhao D, Mo F, Li Y, Zhang S, Gao S, Zhang D, Guo S. Salvianolic acid B prevents body weight gain and regulates gut microbiota and LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:8743-8756. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B prevents body weight gain and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. The underlying mechanism behind these effects may be associated with the regulation of metabolic endotoxemia, gut microbiota homeostasis and LPS/TLR4 pathway.
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79
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Li M, Gu MM, Lang Y, Shi J, Chen BPC, Guan H, Yu L, Zhou PK, Shang ZF. The vanillin derivative VND3207 protects intestine against radiation injury by modulating p53/NOXA signaling pathway and restoring the balance of gut microbiota. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:223-236. [PMID: 31580946 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intestine is a highly radiosensitive tissue that is susceptible to structural and functional damage due to systemic as well as localized radiation exposure. Unfortunately, no effective prophylactic or therapeutic agents are available at present to manage radiation-induced intestinal injuries. We observed that the vanillin derivative VND3207 improved the survival of lethally irradiated mice by promoting intestinal regeneration and increasing the number of surviving crypts. Pre-treatment with VND3207 significantly increased the number of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and their daughter cells, the transient Ki67+ proliferating cells. Mechanistically, VND3207 decreased oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation and maintained endogenous antioxidant status by increasing the level of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity. In addition, VND3207 maintained appropriate levels of activated p53 that triggered cell cycle arrest but were not sufficient to induce NOXA-mediated apoptosis, thus ensuring DNA damage repair in the irradiated small intestinal crypt cells. Furthermore, VND3207 treatment restores the intestinal bacterial flora structures altered by TBI exposure. In conclusion, VND3207 promoted intestinal repair following radiation injury by reducing reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage and modulating appropriate levels of activated p53 in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Meng-Meng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yue Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianming Shi
- Suzhou Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Benjamin P C Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Suzhou Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, China.
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zeng-Fu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernandez-Real JM. The gut microbiota modulates both browning of white adipose tissue and the activity of brown adipose tissue. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:387-397. [PMID: 31776853 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disturbances, novel therapeutic strategies are imperatively required. A plausible manner to increase energy expenditure is the enhancement of thermogenic pathways in white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In the last 15 years, the identification of novel endogenous mechanisms to promote BAT activity or browning of WAT has pointed at gut microbiota as an important modulator of host metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. In this review, we focused on the relationship between gut microbiota composition and adipose tissue thermogenic program (including BAT activity and browning of WAT) in both physiological and stress conditions. Specifically, we reviewed the effects of fasting, caloric restriction, cold stress and metabolic endotoxemia on both browning and gut microbiota shifts. Mechanistically speaking, processes related to bile acid metabolism and the endocannabinoid system seem to play an important role. In summary, the gut microbiota seems to impact WAT and BAT physiology at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Impact of Glucoraphanin-Mediated Activation of Nrf2 on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with a Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235920. [PMID: 31775341 PMCID: PMC6929181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease in Western nations and ranges in severity from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is a genetic-environmental-metabolic stress-related disease of unclear pathogenesis. NAFLD is triggered by caloric overconsumption and physical inactivity, which lead to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only promotes fat accumulation, but also leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, resulting in oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important modulator of antioxidant signaling that serves as a primary cellular defense against the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress. The pharmacological induction of Nrf2 ameliorates obesity-associated insulin resistance and NAFLD in a mouse model. Sulforaphane and its precursor glucoraphanin are derived from broccoli sprouts and are the most potent natural Nrf2 inducers—they may protect mitochondrial function, thus suppressing the development of NASH. In this review, we briefly describe the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NASH and the effects of glucoraphanin on its development.
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82
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Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia with Dietary Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102277. [PMID: 31547555 PMCID: PMC6835897 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic endotoxemia is a condition in which blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels are elevated, regardless of the presence of obvious infection. It has been suggested to lead to chronic inflammation-related diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), pancreatitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, it has attracted attention as a target for the prevention and treatment of these chronic diseases. As metabolic endotoxemia was first reported in mice that were fed a high-fat diet, research regarding its relationship with diets has been actively conducted in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the relationship between fat intake and induction of metabolic endotoxemia, focusing on gut dysbiosis and the influx, kinetics, and metabolism of LPS. We also summarize the recent findings about dietary factors that attenuate metabolic endotoxemia, focusing on the regulation of gut microbiota. We hope that in the future, control of metabolic endotoxemia using dietary factors will help maintain human health.
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Abstract
Purpose of the review In this review, we discuss the roles of the gut microbiota, dietary phytochemicals in improving human health. Recent studies have reported that the human gut microbiota can be altered by dietary phytochemicals including phenolics, carotenoids, and dietary fibers. In addition, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria show regulatory effects with phytochemicals, suggesting potential synergistic effects in the improvement of human gut health and prevention of chronic diseases. Recent findings Numerous studies have been conducted on gut microbial alterations induced by phytochemicals, such as phenolics and carotenoids. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced via bacterial fermentation in the colon, also shows a significantly beneficial effect in the maintenance of gut microbial homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of diets and the interactions of the gut microorganisms remain poorly understood. The gut microbiome profile changes have been observed in chronic inflammation-induced diseases including colitis, Crohn's disease, immune dysfunction, colon cancer, obesity and diabetes. The anti-inflammatory effects of dietary phytochemicals against these diseases may be partially mediated by regulation of microbial profiles. Latest advances in biomedical technology such as the next-generation sequencing (NGS), and continuous cost reduction associated with these technologies, enabled researchers to perform ever-increasing number of large-scale, high-throughput computational analyses to elucidate the potential mechanism of phytochemical-microbiome interactions. Summary Information obtained from these studies may provide valuable insights to guide future clinical research for the development of therapeutics, botanicals and drug efficacy testing, many of which will be discussed in this review.
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Aranaz P, Navarro-Herrera D, Romo-Hualde A, Zabala M, López-Yoldi M, González-Ferrero C, Gil AG, Alfredo Martinez J, Vizmanos JL, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ. Broccoli extract improves high fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance in Wistar rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Chiba M, Ito Y, Nagasawa T. Phenethyl isothiocyanate stimulates glucose uptake through the Akt pathway in C2C12 myotubes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1319-1328. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1594675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is an aromatic isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables. Several studies have shown that isothiocyanates regulate various intracellular signaling pathways, and thereby show anti-inflammatory and detoxifying activities. However, little is known about the effects of PEITC on glucose metabolism. In this study, we examined whether PEITC promotes glucose utilization in mouse skeletal muscle cells, C2C12 myotubes. PEITC induced glucose uptake, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) translocation to the plasma membrane, and activation of Akt and ERK in C2C12 cells. Inhibition of Akt suppressed PEITC-induced Glut4 translocation and glucose uptake, whereas ERK inhibition did not. Furthermore, PEITC increased phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB3. Treatment with a pan-ErbB inhibitor reduced Akt activation and the subsequent glucose uptake induced by PEITC. These results indicate that PEITC promotes glucose utilization through the ErbB/Akt pathway in C2C12 myotubes. PEITC may therefore serve as a dietary constituent with beneficial effects on the carbohydrate metabolism.
Abbreviations: PEITC: phenethyl isothiocyanate; Glut4: glucose transporter 4; PI3K: phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase; Nrf2: erythroid−2-related factor; ARE: antioxidant response element; HO−1: heme oxygenase−1; NRG: neuregulin
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Chiba
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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The hepatic-targeted, resveratrol loaded nanoparticles for relief of high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Control Release 2019; 307:139-149. [PMID: 31233775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the early stage of many metabolic syndromes. The intervention of NAFLD can prevent its further development into severe metabolic syndromes. Given the inefficiency and side effects of chemical drugs for treating NAFLD, the hepatic-targeted nanocarriers loaded with bioactive compounds may offer a more effective and acceptable strategy for eliminating NAFLD. Here we developed hepatic-targeted oxidized starch-lysozyme (OSL) nanocarriers to specifically deliver resveratrol (Res) to liver tissue in order to maximize its therapeutic efficiency. The hepatic targeting was achieved using covalently conjugated galactose (Gal), which is recognized by the asialoglycoprotein receptors specifically expressed in hepatocytes. In steatotic HepG2 cell model, treatment with hepatic-targeted Gal-OSL/Res nanocarriers enhanced the cellular Res uptake and anti-lipogenesis capabilities, and effectively decreased triglyceride accumulation by modulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent information regulation 2 homolog 1(SIRT1)/fatty acid synthase (FAS)/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) signaling pathway. In mice, Gal-OSL increased Res delivery into liver tissues and increased their hepatic effective concentration in liver. Most importantly, Gal-OSL/Res nanocarriers effectively reversed NAFLD and recovered hepatic insulin sensitivity of NAFLD mice to the healthy state. Furthermore, Gal-OSL/Res efficiently ameliorated lipid deposition and insulin resistance by modulating AMPK/SIRT1/FAS/SREBP1c signaling pathway and downregulated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation at serine 307 in liver. These findings suggested that the hepatic-targeted Gal-OSL nanocarriers delivering Res could potentially serve as a safe and promising platform for NAFLD and other liver related diseases.
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87
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Teng W, Li Y, Du M, Lei X, Xie S, Ren F. Sulforaphane Prevents Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Blocking Serine Palmitoyltransferase 3-Mediated Ceramide Biosynthesis. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1185. [PMID: 31137828 PMCID: PMC6566605 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFA), a naturally active isothiocyanate compound from cruciferous vegetables used in clinical trials for cancer treatment, was found to possess potency to alleviate insulin resistance. But its underlying molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. In this study, we assessed whether SFA could improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis both in vitro and in vivo by regulating ceramide production. The effects of SFA on glucose metabolism and expression levels of key proteins in the hepatic insulin signaling pathway were evaluated in insulin-resistant human hepatic carcinoma HepG2 cells. The results showed that SFA dose-dependently increased glucose uptake and intracellular glycogen content by regulating the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. SFA also reduced ceramide contents and downregulated transcription of ceramide-related genes. In addition, knockdown of serine palmitoyltransferase 3 (SPTLC3) in HepG2 cells prevented ceramide accumulation and alleviated insulin resistance. Moreover, SFA treatment improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, inhibited SPTLC3 expression and hepatic ceramide production and reduced hepatic triglyceride content in vivo. We conclude that SFA recovers glucose homeostasis and improves insulin sensitivity by blocking ceramide biosynthesis through modulating SPTLC3, indicating that SFA may be a potential candidate for prevention and amelioration of hepatic insulin resistance via a ceramide-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Xingen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Siyu Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Pierre JF, Li Y, Gomes CK, Rao P, Chang EB, Ping Yin D. Bile Diversion Improves Metabolic Phenotype Dependent on Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:803-812. [PMID: 30933435 PMCID: PMC6788773 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated whether bile diversion (BD) improves metabolic phenotype under farnesoid X receptor (FXR) deficiency. METHODS BD was performed in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed FXR knockout (FXRko) and wild-type (WT) animals. Metabolic phenotypes, circulating enteroendocrine hormones, total bile acids (BAs) and BA composition, and cecal gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS FXR-deficient mice were resistant to HFD-induced obesity; however, FXR-deficient mice also developed hyperglycemia and exhibited increased liver weight, liver steatosis, and circulating triglycerides. BD increased circulating total BAs and taurine-b-muricholic acid, which were in line with normalized hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance in HFD-fed WT mice. FXR deficiency also increased total BAs and taurine-b-muricholic acid, but these animals remained hyperglycemic. While BD improved metabolic phenotype in HFD-fed FXRko mice, these improvements were not as effective as in WT mice. BD increased liver expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β and elevated circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in WT mice but not in FXRko mice. FXR deficiency altered gut microbiota composition with a specific increase in phylum Proteobacteria that may act as a possible microbial signature of some diseases. These cellular and molecular changes in FXRko mice may contribute to resistance toward improved metabolism. CONCLUSIONS FXR signaling plays a pivotal role in improved metabolic phenotype following BD surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Surgery,the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles K. Gomes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Prahlad Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deng Ping Yin
- Department of Surgery,the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gebrelibanos Hiben M, de Haan L, Spenkelink B, Wesseling S, Louisse J, Vervoort J, Rietjens IMCM. Effects of Maerua subcordata (Gilg) DeWolf on electrophile-responsive element (EpRE)-mediated gene expression in vitro. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215155. [PMID: 30986264 PMCID: PMC6464171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts and phytochemicals may prevent chronic diseases via activation of adaptive cellular stress response pathways including induction of antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes. The regulatory regions of these inducible genes encode the electrophile-response element (EpRE). This study tested the EpRE induction ability of Maerua subcordata (fruit, leaf, root, seed) methanol extracts and selected candidate constituents thereof, identified by liquid chromatography coupled with multistage mass spectroscopy, employing an EpRE luciferase reporter gene assay using hepa-1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cells. A parallel Cytotox CALUX assay using human osteosarcoma U2OS cells was used to monitor any non-specific changes in luciferase activity or cytotoxicity. Results showed that fruit, root, and seed extracts were non-cytotoxic up to a concentration of 30 gram dry weight per litre but the leaf extract exhibited some cytotoxicity and that the leaf (despite some cytotoxicity), fruit, and seed extracts showed strong induction of EpRE mediated gene expression while induction by the root extract was minimal. Selected candidates included glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and some biogenic amines. Subsequent studies showed that methyl-, ethyl-, isopropyl-, isobutyl- isothiocyanates, and sec-butyl thiocyanate as well as glucobrassicin induced concentration (1–100 μM) dependent EpRE-mediated gene expression while the biogenic amines stachydrine and trigonelline acted as inhibitors of EpRE-mediated gene expression at 100 μM. The identification of glucolepidiin, glucobrassicin, glucocapparin, stachydrine, and trigonelline in all extracts was confirmed using standards and based on multiple reaction monitoring; yet, glucobrassicin level in the root extract was negligible. In conclusion, this study provided a first report on EpRE mediated gene expression effects of M. subcordata; and despite detection of different glucosinolates in all extracts, those containing glucobrassicin particularly displayed high EpRE induction. Because EpRE inducers are cytoprotective and potential chemopreventive agents while inhibitors are suggested adjuvants of chemotherapy, results of this study imply that process manipulation of this plant may result in herbal preparations that may be used as chemopreventive agents or adjuvants of chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebrahtom Gebrelibanos Hiben
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Laura de Haan
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Spenkelink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebas Wesseling
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Bao B, Zhang MQ, Chen ZY, Wu XB, Xia ZB, Chai JY, Yin XP. Sulforaphane prevents PC12 cells from oxidative damage via the Nrf2 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4890-4896. [PMID: 31059012 PMCID: PMC6522909 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine ion (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity and to investigate its possible mechanisms. Methods: PC12 cell toxicity induced by MPP+ served as a cell model of Parkinson's diseases. The cell culture + experiments were divided into four groups based on the different treatments, namely, vehicle control, SFN, MPP+ and SFN pretreatment plus MPP+. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and nicotinamide quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) were detected using western blotting. Results: MPP+ reduced the survival rate of PC12 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After 24-h treatment with 500 µmol/l MPP+, the survival rate of PC12 cells decreased to 58.2±0.03% of that in the control groups. Under the same conditions MPP+ resulted in significant apoptosis of PC12 cells (apoptosis rate: 30.4±0.6%). However, SFN pretreatment significantly attenuated the cell damage induced by MPP+. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that SFN reversed the reduction of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 expression induced by MPP+. Conclusion: SFN may protect PC12 cells from MPP+-induced damage via activating the Nrf2-ARE (antioxidant responsive element) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Man-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Bing Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Bing Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yan Chai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
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91
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Shawky NM, Shehatou GSG, Suddek GM, Gameil NM. Comparison of the effects of sulforaphane and pioglitazone on insulin resistance and associated dyslipidemia, hepatosteatosis, and endothelial dysfunction in fructose-fed rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 66:43-54. [PMID: 30597379 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to compare the influences of sulforaphane (SFN) to those of the standard insulin sensitizer pioglitazone (PIO) on high fructose diet (HFrD)-induced insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatosteatosis, and vascular dysfunction in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (150-200 g) were fed on a standard diet (control) or a high fructose diet (HFrD, 60% w/w fructose) for 60 days. From day 16, two subgroups of HFrD-fed rats received either SFN (0.5 mg/kg/day, orally) or PIO (5 mg/kg/day, orally) along with HFrD until the end of the experiment. Fructose-fed rats showed significant decreases in food intake, body weight and feeding efficiency; effects that were not altered by either treatment. Data from insulin tolerance test (ITT), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and HOMA-IR and HOMA-β indices demonstrated impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization in HFrD-fed rats. SFN and PIO treatments significantly reduced OGTTAUC (Glass's Delta values = 1.12 and 0.84, respectively), decreased ITTAUC (Glass's Delta values = 1.05 and 0.71, respectively), significantly diminished HOMA-IR index (by 55.6% and 77.6%, respectively), and increased HOMA-β value (by 1.8 and 1.3 fold, respectively) compared to the HFrD rats. Moreover, SFN and PIO ameliorated hepatic oxidative stress and reduced serum levels of C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase in HFrD-fed rats. Furthermore, SFN and PIO administrations improved insulin resistance-associated heaptosteatosis and enhanced vascular responsiveness to acetylcholine-induced relaxations. However, only SFN was able to enhance serum HDL-C levels in HFrD group. These finding suggests that SFN elicited insulin-sensitizing, hepatoprotective, and vasculoprotective effects in HFrD insulin-resistant rats that were comparable to those exerted by PIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Shawky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nariman M Gameil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Li L, Fu J, Sun J, Liu D, Chen C, Wang H, Hou Y, Xu Y, Pi J. Is Nrf2-ARE a potential target in NAFLD mitigation? CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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93
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Zhou L, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Zheng J, Deng M. Deciphering the Anti-obesity Benefits of Resveratrol: The "Gut Microbiota-Adipose Tissue" Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:413. [PMID: 31316465 PMCID: PMC6610334 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive white adipose tissue (WAT) accumulation due to an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure (EE) characterizes obesity. However, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is highly specialized for the dissipation of energy. Recent evidence indicated that the activation of BAT and the induction of WAT browning might be promising approaches to combat obesity by increasing EE and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Resveratrol, which is a polyphenolic compound, has been widely acknowledged to have protective effects against obesity and related metabolic disorders. The induction of WAT browning has been considered as one of the crucial factors in the metabolic benefits of resveratrol. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism that is involved is largely unclear. As a prebiotic-like polyphenol, resveratrol is able to modulate the composition of gut microbiota. In addition, in recent years, the impact of gut microbiota on the browning of WAT has received increasing attention and has been initially confirmed to play a role. By considering all these factors, this review explores the potential link between dietary resveratrol and the browning of WAT, which may be modulated by gut microbiota and their metabolites and proposes the "gut microbiota- adipose tissue" axis plays a vital role in the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol. This observation might provide novel insights and targets that could be used for fighting against obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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94
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Xu L, Nagata N, Chen G, Nagashimada M, Zhuge F, Ni Y, Sakai Y, Kaneko S, Ota T. Empagliflozin reverses obesity and insulin resistance through fat browning and alternative macrophage activation in mice fed a high-fat diet. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000783. [PMID: 31749970 PMCID: PMC6827766 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reported previously that empagliflozin-a sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor-exhibited preventive effects against obesity. However, it was difficult to extrapolate these results to human subjects. Here, we performed a therapeutic study, which is more relevant to clinical situations in humans, to investigate antiobesity effects of empagliflozin and illustrate the mechanism underlying empagliflozin-mediated enhanced fat browning in obese mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD), C57BL/6J mice exhibited obesity, accompanied by insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. Cohorts of obese mice were continued on the HFD for an additional 8-week treatment period with or without empagliflozin. RESULTS Treatment with empagliflozin for 8 weeks markedly increased glucose excretion in urine, and suppressed HFD-induced weight gain, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Notably, empagliflozin enhanced oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, leading to increased energy expenditure. Consistently, the level of uncoupling protein 1 expression was increased in both brown and white (WAT) adipose tissues of empagliflozin-treated mice. Furthermore, empagliflozin decreased plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, but increased plasma levels of IL-33 and adiponectin in obese mice. Finally, we found that empagliflozin reduced M1-polarized macrophage accumulation, while inducing the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of macrophages in the WAT and liver, thereby attenuating obesity-related chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with empagliflozin attenuated weight gain by increasing energy expenditure and adipose tissue browning, and alleviated obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance by alternative macrophage activation in the WAT and liver of obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Guanliang Chen
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakai
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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Matzinger M, Fischhuber K, Heiss EH. Activation of Nrf2 signaling by natural products-can it alleviate diabetes? Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1738-1767. [PMID: 29289692 PMCID: PMC5967606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has reached pandemic proportions and effective prevention strategies are wanted. Its onset is accompanied by cellular distress, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor boosting cytoprotective responses, and many phytochemicals activate Nrf2 signaling. Thus, Nrf2 activation by natural products could presumably alleviate DM. We summarize function, regulation and exogenous activation of Nrf2, as well as diabetes-linked and Nrf2-susceptible forms of cellular stress. The reported amelioration of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and diabetic complications by activated Nrf2 as well as the status quo of Nrf2 in precision medicine for DM are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Matzinger
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Fischhuber
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Zhou J, Wu NN, Yin RL, Ma W, Yan C, Feng YM, Zhang CH, Zhao D. Activation of brown adipocytes by placental growth factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:470-477. [PMID: 30195493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes and occurs during pregnancy. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) improves glucose homeostasis and mitigates insulin resistance, however, its activity is reduced in GDM. Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is an angiogenic factor produced by placental trophoblasts. Nevertheless, whether and how PlGF could affect BAT function in GDM are not defined. To investigate this question, 91 non-diabetic pregnant participants and 73 GDM patients were recruited to Gynaecology and Obstetrics Centre in Lu He hospital. Serum levels of PlGF were quantified by ELISA. Skin temperature was measured by far infrared thermography in the supraclavicular region where classical BATs were located. The direct effect of PlGF on BAT function was explored using the established human preadipocyte differentiation system. Thereby, we demonstrated that serum levels of PlGF were lower in GDM patients compared with controls, which was accompanied by decreased skin temperature in the supraclavicular region. By qPCR and western blot, mRNA and protein expression of UCP1 and OXPHOS were elevated in differentiated adipocytes treated with PlGF. PlGF stimulated mitochondrion transcription and increased copy number of mitochondrial. When subjected for respirometry, PlGF-treated differentiated adipocytes showed higher oxygen consumption rates than controls. PlGF induced AMPK phosphorylation and blockade of AMPK phosphorylation blunted UCP1 and OXPHOS expression in differentiated adipocytes. PlGF administration reduced cholesterol and triglyceride content in the liver and improved insulin sensitivity in db mice compared with control. In Conclusion, PlGF could activate BAT function. Downregulation of PlGF might contribute to the reduced BAT activity in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Centre, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China(2)
| | - Nan-Nan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Centre, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China(2)
| | - Rui-Li Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Centre, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China(2)
| | - Wei Ma
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Centre, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China(2)
| | - Cen Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Centre, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China(2)
| | - Ying-Mei Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Centre, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China(2)
| | - Chuan-Hai Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China(3).
| | - Dong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Centre, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China(2).
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Li Y. Epigenetic Mechanisms Link Maternal Diets and Gut Microbiome to Obesity in the Offspring. Front Genet 2018; 9:342. [PMID: 30210530 PMCID: PMC6119695 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is the most important environmental factor that can influence early developmental processes through regulation of epigenetic mechanisms during pregnancy and neonatal periods. Maternal diets or nutritional compositions contribute to the establishment of the epigenetic profiles in the fetus that have a profound impact on individual susceptibility to certain diseases or disorders in the offspring later in life. Obesity is considered a global epidemic that impairs human life quality and also increases risk of development of many human diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that maternal nutrition status is closely associated with obesity in progenies indicating obesity has a developmental origin. Maternal diets may also impact the early establishment of the fetal and neonatal microbiome leading to specific epigenetic signatures that may potentially predispose to the development of late-life obesity. This article will review the association of different maternal dietary statuses including essential nutritional quantity and specific dietary components with gut microbiome in determining epigenetic impacts on offspring susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Xu L, Nagata N, Ota T. Glucoraphanin: a broccoli sprout extract that ameliorates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Adipocyte 2018; 7:218-225. [PMID: 29898626 PMCID: PMC6261473 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1474669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a low-grade sustained inflammatory state that causes oxidative stress in different metabolic tissues, which leads to insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Particularly, obesity-induced metabolic endotoxemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and inflammation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of antioxidant signaling that serves as a primary cellular defense against the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress. Pharmacological stimulation of Nrf2 mitigates obesity and insulin resistance in mice; however, Nrf2 activators are not clinically available due to biosafety concerns. A recent study demonstrated that glucoraphanin, a precursor of the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane, ameliorates obesity by enhancing energy expenditure and browning of white adipose tissue, and attenuates obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance by polarizing M2 macrophages and reducing metabolic endotoxemia. Thus, this review focuses on the efficiency and safety of glucoraphanin in alleviating obesity, insulin resistance, and NAFLD. Abbreviations: ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; ATMs, Adipose tissue macrophages; BAT, Brown adipose tissue; CDDO-Im, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid-imidazolide; CDDO-Me, CDDO-methyl ester; DIO, High-fat-diet-induced obese; FFA, Free fatty acid; FGF, Fibroblast growth factor; GTP, Glutamyl transpeptidase; HFD, High-fat diet; IKKβ, Inhibitor of κB-kinase β; IL, Interleukin; JNK, C-Jun N-terminal kinase; KD, Knockdown; Keap1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; KO, Knockout; LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; NADPH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NF-κB, Nuclear factor-κB; Nrf2, Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; T2D, Type 2 diabetes; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; UCP, Uncoupling protein; WAT, White adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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99
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Chartoumpekis DV, Palliyaguru DL, Wakabayashi N, Fazzari M, Khoo NKH, Schopfer FJ, Sipula I, Yagishita Y, Michalopoulos GK, O'Doherty RM, Kensler TW. Nrf2 deletion from adipocytes, but not hepatocytes, potentiates systemic metabolic dysfunction after long-term high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E180-E195. [PMID: 29486138 PMCID: PMC6139497 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00311.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a canonical regulator of cytoprotective gene expression, but evidence of its cross talk with other pathways, including metabolic ones, is ever increasing. Pharmacologic or systemic genetic activation of the Nrf2 pathway partially protects from obesity in mice and ameliorates fasting hyperglycemia in mice and humans. However, systemic Nrf2 deletion also protects from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. To further investigate the effect of the disruption of Nrf2 on obesity in a tissue-specific manner, we focused on adipocytes and hepatocytes with targeted deletion of Nrf2. To this end, mice with cell-specific deletion of Nrf2 in adipocytes (ANKO) or hepatocytes (HeNKO) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 mo and showed similar increases in body weight and body fat content. ANKO mice showed a partially deteriorated glucose tolerance, higher fasting glucose levels, and higher levels of cholesterol and nonesterified fatty acids compared with their Control counterparts. The HeNKO mice, though, had lower insulin levels and trended toward improved insulin sensitivity without having any difference in liver triglyceride accumulation. This study compared for the first time two conditional Nrf2 knockout models in adipocytes and in hepatocytes during HFD-induced obesity. None of these models could completely recapitulate the unexpected protection against obesity observed in the whole body Nrf2 knockout mice, but this study points out the differential roles that Nrf2 may play, beyond cytoprotection, in different target tissues and rather suggests systemic activation of the Nrf2 pathway as an effective means of prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dushani L Palliyaguru
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nobunao Wakabayashi
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo , Italy
| | - Nicholas K H Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Sipula
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoko Yagishita
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George K Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert M O'Doherty
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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100
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Ke Z, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Xu X, Li Y, Tan S, Huang C, Zhou Z. PMFs-rich Citrus extract prevents the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in C57BL/6J mice induced by a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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