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Brulé D, Villano C, Davies LJ, Trdá L, Claverie J, Héloir M, Chiltz A, Adrian M, Darblade B, Tornero P, Stransfeld L, Boutrot F, Zipfel C, Dry IB, Poinssot B. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) LysM receptor kinases VvLYK1-1 and VvLYK1-2 mediate chitooligosaccharide-triggered immunity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:812-825. [PMID: 30256508 PMCID: PMC6419575 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a major component of fungal cell walls, is a well-known pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that triggers defense responses in several mammal and plant species. Here, we show that two chitooligosaccharides, chitin and chitosan, act as PAMPs in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) as they elicit immune signalling events, defense gene expression and resistance against fungal diseases. To identify their cognate receptors, the grapevine family of LysM receptor kinases (LysM-RKs) was annotated and their gene expression profiles were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis clearly distinguished three V. vinifera LysM-RKs (VvLYKs) located in the same clade as the Arabidopsis CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (AtCERK1), which mediates chitin-induced immune responses. The Arabidopsis mutant Atcerk1, impaired in chitin perception, was transformed with these three putative orthologous genes encoding VvLYK1-1, -2, or -3 to determine if they would complement the loss of AtCERK1 function. Our results provide evidence that VvLYK1-1 and VvLYK1-2, but not VvLYK1-3, functionally complement the Atcerk1 mutant by restoring chitooligosaccharide-induced MAPK activation and immune gene expression. Moreover, expression of VvLYK1-1 in Atcerk1 restored penetration resistance to the non-adapted grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator). On the whole, our results indicate that the grapevine VvLYK1-1 and VvLYK1-2 participate in chitin- and chitosan-triggered immunity and that VvLYK1-1 plays an important role in basal resistance against E. necator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphnée Brulé
- AgroécologieAgrosup DijonINRAUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéCNRS ERL 6003DijonFrance
| | | | - Laura J. Davies
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)AdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Lucie Trdá
- AgroécologieAgrosup DijonINRAUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéCNRS ERL 6003DijonFrance
| | - Justine Claverie
- AgroécologieAgrosup DijonINRAUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéCNRS ERL 6003DijonFrance
| | - Marie‐Claire Héloir
- AgroécologieAgrosup DijonINRAUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéCNRS ERL 6003DijonFrance
| | - Annick Chiltz
- AgroécologieAgrosup DijonINRAUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéCNRS ERL 6003DijonFrance
| | - Marielle Adrian
- AgroécologieAgrosup DijonINRAUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéCNRS ERL 6003DijonFrance
| | | | - Pablo Tornero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValenciaSpain
| | | | | | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Ian B. Dry
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)AdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Benoit Poinssot
- AgroécologieAgrosup DijonINRAUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéCNRS ERL 6003DijonFrance
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52
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The potential of Bacilli rhizobacteria for sustainable crop production and environmental sustainability. Microbiol Res 2019; 219:26-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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53
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Olanrewaju OS, Ayangbenro AS, Glick BR, Babalola OO. Plant health: feedback effect of root exudates-rhizobiome interactions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1155-1166. [PMID: 30570692 PMCID: PMC6394481 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The well-being of the microbial community that densely populates the rhizosphere is aided by a plant's root exudates. Maintaining a plant's health is a key factor in its continued existence. As minute as rhizospheric microbes are, their importance in plant growth cannot be overemphasized. They depend on plants for nutrients and other necessary requirements. The relationship between the rhizosphere-microbiome (rhizobiome) and plant hosts can be beneficial, non-effectual, or pathogenic depending on the microbes and the plant involved. This relationship, to a large extent, determines the fate of the host plant's survival. Modern molecular techniques have been used to unravel rhizobiome species' composition, but the interplay between the rhizobiome root exudates and other factors in the maintenance of a healthy plant have not as yet been thoroughly investigated. Many functional proteins are activated in plants upon contact with external factors. These proteins may elicit growth promoting or growth suppressing responses from the plants. To optimize the growth and productivity of host plants, rhizobiome microbial diversity and modulatory techniques need to be clearly understood for improved plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Samuel Olanrewaju
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
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54
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Héloir MC, Adrian M, Brulé D, Claverie J, Cordelier S, Daire X, Dorey S, Gauthier A, Lemaître-Guillier C, Negrel J, Trdá L, Trouvelot S, Vandelle E, Poinssot B. Recognition of Elicitors in Grapevine: From MAMP and DAMP Perception to Induced Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1117. [PMID: 31620151 PMCID: PMC6760519 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In a context of a sustainable viticulture, the implementation of innovative eco-friendly strategies, such as elicitor-triggered immunity, requires a deep knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying grapevine defense activation, from pathogen perception to resistance induction. During plant-pathogen interaction, the first step of plant defense activation is ensured by the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns, which are elicitors directly derived from pathogenic or beneficial microbes. Vitis vinifera, like other plants, can perceive elicitors of different nature, including proteins, amphiphilic glycolipid, and lipopeptide molecules as well as polysaccharides, thanks to their cognate pattern recognition receptors, the discovery of which recently began in this plant species. Furthermore, damage-associated molecular patterns are another class of elicitors perceived by V. vinifera as an invader's hallmark. They are mainly polysaccharides derived from the plant cell wall and are generally released through the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes secreted by microbes. Elicitor perception and subsequent activation of grapevine immunity end in some cases in efficient grapevine resistance against pathogens. Using complementary approaches, several molecular markers have been identified as hallmarks of this induced resistance stage. This review thus focuses on the recognition of elicitors by Vitis vinifera describing the molecular mechanisms triggered from the elicitor perception to the activation of immune responses. Finally, we discuss the fact that the link between elicitation and induced resistance is not so obvious and that the formulation of resistance inducers remains a key step before their application in vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daphnée Brulé
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Justine Claverie
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Cordelier
- Unité RIBP EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Xavier Daire
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphan Dorey
- Unité RIBP EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- UniLaSalle, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, Rouen, France
| | | | - Jonathan Negrel
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lucie Trdá
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Elodie Vandelle
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Benoit Poinssot
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- *Correspondence: Benoit Poinssot,
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55
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Héloir MC, Li Kim Khiook I, Lemaître-Guillier C, Clément G, Jacquens L, Bernaud E, Trouvelot S, Adrian M. Assessment of the impact of PS3-induced resistance to downy mildew on grapevine physiology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 133:134-141. [PMID: 30408676 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elicitor-induced resistance against diseases is an attractive strategy that could contribute to reduce the use of fungicides for plant protection. However, activation of defenses has an energetic cost that plants have to fuel by a mobilization of their primary metabolism with possible adverse effect on their physiology. In this context, this study was performed to determine whether elicitor-induced resistance of grapevine leaves against downy mildew impacted its development and metabolism. The elicitor PS3 (sulfated β-glucan laminarin) was sprayed on grapevine herbaceous cuttings grown in greenhouses once or three times, and its impact was studied on young and older grapevine leaves, prior to, and after Plasmopara viticola inoculation. PS3 did not affect grapevine development during the time course of the experiment. A metabolomic analysis, mainly focused on primary metabolites, highlighted a leaf age dependent effect of PS3 treatment. Nitrogen compounds, and sugars to a lesser extent, were impacted. The results obtained complete the current knowledge of the impact of elicitor-induced resistance on plant physiology. They will be helpful to guide further experiments required to better determine the costs and benefits of elicitor-induced resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Héloir
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Ian Li Kim Khiook
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | | | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78000, Versailles, France
| | - Lucile Jacquens
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Bernaud
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marielle Adrian
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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56
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Chiu YS, Chen PY, Kuan T, Wang PC, Chen YJ, Yang YL, Yeh HH. A Polysaccharide Derived from a Trichosporon sp. Culture Strongly Primes Plant Resistance to Viruses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:1257-1270. [PMID: 29877166 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-18-0012-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses cause devastating diseases in plants, yet no effective viricide is available for agricultural application. We screened cultured filtrates derived from various soil microorganisms cultured in vegetable broth that enhanced plant viral resistance. A cultured filtrate, designated F8 culture filtrate, derived from a fungus belonging to the genus Trichosporon, induced strong resistance to various viruses on different plants. Our inoculation assay found the infection rate of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-inoculated Nicotiana benthamiana with F8 culture filtrate pretreatment may decrease to 0%, whereas salicylic acid (SA)-pretreated N. benthamiana attenuated TMV-caused symptoms but remained 100% infected. Tracking Tobacco mosaic virus tagged with green fluorescence protein in plants revealed pretreatment with F8 culture filtrate affected the initial establishment of the virus infection. From F8 culture filtrate, we identified a previously unknown polysaccharide composed of D-mannose, D-galactose, and D-glucose in the ratio 1.0:1.2:10.0 with a α-D-1,4-glucan linkage to be responsible for the induction of plant resistance against viruses through priming of SA-governed immune-responsive genes. Notably, F8 culture filtrate only triggered local defense but was much more effective than conventional SA-mediated systematic acquired resistance. Our finding revealed that microbial cultured metabolites provided a rich source for identification of potent elicitors in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shu Chiu
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
| | - Pi-Yu Chen
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
| | - Tung Kuan
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Wang
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
| | - Hsin-Hung Yeh
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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57
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Ferreira-Saab M, Formey D, Torres M, Aragón W, Padilla EA, Tromas A, Sohlenkamp C, Schwan-Estrada KRF, Serrano M. Compounds Released by the Biocontrol Yeast Hanseniaspora opuntiae Protect Plants Against Corynespora cassiicola and Botrytis cinerea. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1596. [PMID: 30065716 PMCID: PMC6056754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases induced by fungi are among the most important limiting factors during pre- and post-harvest food production. For decades, synthetic chemical fungicides have been used to control these diseases, however, increase on worldwide regulatory policies and the demand to reduce their application, have led to searching for new ecofriendly alternatives such as the biostimulants. The commercial application of yeasts as biocontrol agents, has shown low efficacy compared to synthetic fungicides, mostly due to the limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of yeast-induced responses. To date, only two genome-wide transcriptomic analyses have characterized the mode of action of biocontrols using the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana, missing, in our point of view, all its molecular and genomic potential. Here we describe that compounds released by the biocontrol yeast Hanseniaspora opuntiae (HoFs) can protect Glycine max and Arabidopsis thaliana plants against the broad host-range necrotrophic fungi Corynespora cassiicola and Botrytis cinerea. We show that HoFs have a long-lasting, dose-dependent local, and systemic effect against Botrytis cinerea. Additionally, we performed a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis to identify genes differentially expressed after application of HoFs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our work provides novel and valuable information that can help researchers to improve HoFs efficacy in order for it to become an ecofriendly alternative to synthetic fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira-Saab
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Departemento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martha Torres
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Wendy Aragón
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Emir A Padilla
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alexandre Tromas
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Christian Sohlenkamp
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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58
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Ashwin NMR, Barnabas L, Ramesh Sundar A, Malathi P, Viswanathan R, Masi A, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R. CfPDIP1, a novel secreted protein of Colletotrichum falcatum, elicits defense responses in sugarcane and triggers hypersensitive response in tobacco. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6001-6021. [PMID: 29728727 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum falcatum, a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, causes one of the major devastating diseases of sugarcane-red rot. C. falcatum secretes a plethora of molecular signatures that might play a crucial role during its interaction with sugarcane. Here, we report the purification and characterization of a novel secreted protein of C. falcatum that elicits defense responses in sugarcane and triggers hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco. The novel protein purified from the culture filtrate of C. falcatum was identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS and designated as C. falcatum plant defense-inducing protein 1 (CfPDIP1). Temporal transcriptional profiling showed that the level of CfPDIP1 expression was greater in incompatible interaction than the compatible interaction until 120 h post-inoculation (hpi). EffectorP, an in silico tool, has predicted CfPDIP1 as a potential effector. Functional characterization of full length and two other domain deletional variants (CfPDIP1ΔN1-21 and CfPDIP1ΔN1-45) of recombinant CfPDIP1 proteins has indicated that CfPDIP1ΔN1-21 variant elicited rapid alkalinization and induced a relatively higher production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in sugarcane suspension culture. However, in Nicotiana tabacum, all the three forms of recombinant CfPDIP1 proteins triggered HR along with the induction of H2O2 production and callose deposition. Further characterization using detached leaf bioassay in sugarcane revealed that foliar priming with CfPDIP1∆1-21 has suppressed the extent of lesion development, even though the co-infiltration of CfPDIP1∆1-21 with C. falcatum on unprimed leaves increased the extent of lesion development than control. Besides, the foliar priming has induced systemic expression of major defense-related genes with the concomitant reduction of pathogen biomass and thereby suppression of red rot severity in sugarcane. Comprehensively, the results have suggested that the novel protein, CfPDIP1, has the potential to trigger a multitude of defense responses in sugarcane and tobacco upon priming and might play a potential role during plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M R Ashwin
- Plant Pathology Section, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 007, India
| | - Leonard Barnabas
- Plant Pathology Section, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 007, India
| | - Amalraj Ramesh Sundar
- Plant Pathology Section, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 007, India.
| | - Palaniyandi Malathi
- Plant Pathology Section, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 007, India
| | - Rasappa Viswanathan
- Plant Pathology Section, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 007, India
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, and Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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59
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Zhang Y, Yan X, Guo H, Zhao F, Huang L. A Novel Protein Elicitor BAR11 From Saccharothrix yanglingensis Hhs.015 Improves Plant Resistance to Pathogens and Interacts With Catalases as Targets. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:700. [PMID: 29686663 PMCID: PMC5900052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported the biocontrol effects of Saccharothrix yanglingensis strain Hhs.015 on Valsa mali. Here, we report a novel protein elicitor BAR11 from the biocontrol strain Hhs.015 and its functions in plant defense responses. Functional analysis showed that the elicitor BAR11 significantly stimulated plant systemic resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. In addition, systemic tissues accumulated reactive oxygen species and deposited callose in a short period post-treatment compared with the control. Quantitative RT-PCR results revealed that BAR11 can induce plant resistance through the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways. Further analysis indicated that BAR11 interacts with host catalases in plant cells. Taken together, we conclude that the elicitor BAR11 from the strain Hhs.015 can trigger defense responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xia Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feiyang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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60
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Krzyzaniak Y, Negrel J, Lemaitre-Guillier C, Clément G, Mouille G, Klinguer A, Trouvelot S, Héloir MC, Adrian M. Combined enzymatic and metabolic analysis of grapevine cell responses to elicitors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:141-148. [PMID: 29241147 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Elicitors trigger plant defense responses, including phytoalexin production and cell-wall reinforcement. Primary metabolism plays an important role in these responses as it fuels the associated energetic costs and provides precursors for the synthesis of the numerous secondary metabolites involved in defenses against pathogens. In this context, we aimed to determine whether oligosaccharidic elicitors differing in their capacity to activate defense-associated secondary metabolism in grapevine would differently impact primary metabolism. To answer this question, cell suspensions were treated with two elicitors: an oligogalacturonide, and the β-glucan laminarin. Enzymatic activity assays together with targeted (HPLC) and global (GC-MS) analyses of metabolites were next performed to compare their impact on plant primary or secondary metabolism. The results showed that the oligogalacturonide, which induced the highest level of the phytoalexin resveratrol and the highest activity of stilbene synthase, also induced the highest activity of shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of lignin. The oligogalacturonide-induced defenses had a significant impact on primary metabolism 24 h following elicitor treatment, with a reduced abundance of pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate, together with an increase of a set of metabolites including carbohydrates and amino acids. Interestingly, an accumulation of galacturonate and gentiobiose was observed in the oligogalacturonide- and laminarin-treated cells, respectively, suggesting that both elicitors are rapidly hydrolyzed in grapevine cell suspension cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Krzyzaniak
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Jonathan Negrel
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | | | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France.
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France.
| | - Agnès Klinguer
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Marielle Adrian
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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Hael-Conrad V, Perato SM, Arias ME, Martínez-Zamora MG, Di Peto PDLÁ, Martos GG, Castagnaro AP, Díaz-Ricci JC, Chalfoun NR. The Elicitor Protein AsES Induces a Systemic Acquired Resistance Response Accompanied by Systemic Microbursts and Micro-Hypersensitive Responses in Fragaria ananassa. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:46-60. [PMID: 28635519 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-17-0121-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The elicitor AsES (Acremonium strictum elicitor subtilisin) is a 34-kDa subtilisin-like protein secreted by the opportunistic fungus Acremonium strictum. AsES activates innate immunity and confers resistance against anthracnose and gray mold diseases in strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and the last disease also in Arabidopsis. In the present work, we show that, upon AsES recognition, a cascade of defense responses is activated, including: calcium influx, biphasic oxidative burst (O2⋅- and H2O2), hypersensitive cell-death response (HR), accumulation of autofluorescent compounds, cell-wall reinforcement with callose and lignin deposition, salicylic acid accumulation, and expression of defense-related genes, such as FaPR1, FaPG1, FaMYB30, FaRBOH-D, FaRBOH-F, FaCHI23, and FaFLS. All these responses occurred following a spatial and temporal program, first induced in infiltrated leaflets (local acquired resistance), spreading out to untreated lateral leaflets, and later, to distal leaves (systemic acquired resistance). After AsES treatment, macro-HR and macro-oxidative bursts were localized in infiltrated leaflets, while micro-HRs and microbursts occurred later in untreated leaves, being confined to a single cell or a cluster of a few epidermal cells that differentiated from the surrounding ones. The differentiated cells initiated a time-dependent series of physiological and anatomical changes, evolving to idioblasts accumulating H2O2 and autofluorescent compounds that blast, delivering its content into surrounding cells. This kind of systemic cell-death process in plants is described for the first time in response to a single elicitor. All data presented in this study suggest that AsES has the potential to activate a wide spectrum of biochemical and molecular defense responses in F. ananassa that may explain the induced protection toward pathogens of opposite lifestyle, like hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Hael-Conrad
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia Marisa Perato
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marta Eugenia Arias
- 2 Cátedra de Anatomía Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina, and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Av. Belgrano 300, 4700, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina; and
| | - Martín Gustavo Martínez-Zamora
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Pía de Los Ángeles Di Peto
- 3 Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA, CONICET-Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres). Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Gabriel Martos
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Atilio Pedro Castagnaro
- 3 Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA, CONICET-Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres). Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz-Ricci
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nadia Regina Chalfoun
- 3 Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA, CONICET-Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres). Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
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Pitzschke A. Molecular dynamics in germinating, endophyte-colonized quinoa seeds. PLANT AND SOIL 2018; 422:135-154. [PMID: 29416180 PMCID: PMC5798591 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-017-3184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The pseudo-cereal quinoa has an outstanding nutritional value. Seed germination is unusually fast, and plant tolerance to salt stress exceptionally high. Seemingly all seeds harbor bacterial endophytes. This work examines mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities during early development. It evaluates possible contribution of endophytes to rapid germination and plant robustness. METHODS MAPK activities were monitored in water- and NaCl-imbibed seeds over a 4-h-period using an immunoblot-based approach. Cellulolytic and pectinolytic abilities of bacteria were assessed biochemically, and cellular movement, biofilm, elicitor and antimicrobial compound synthesis genes sequenced. GyrA-based, cultivation-independent studies provided first insight into endophyte diversity. RESULTS Quinoa seeds and seedlings exhibit remarkably complex and dynamic MAPK activity profiles. Depending on seed origin, variances exist in MAPK patterns and probably also in endophyte assemblages. Mucilage-degrading activities enable endophytes to colonize seed surfaces of a non-host species, chia, without apparent adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Owing to their motility, cell wall-loosening and elicitor-generating abilities, quinoa endophytes have the potential to drive cell expansion, move across cell walls, generate damage-associated molecular patterns and activate MAPKs in their host. Bacteria may thus facilitate rapid germination and confer a primed state directly upon seed rehydration. Transfer into non-native crops appears both desirable and feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pitzschke
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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63
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Singh A, Gupta R, Tandon S, Prateeksha, Pandey R. Anti-biofilm and anti-virulence potential of 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enal derived from Citrus hystrix against bacterial blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Microb Pathog 2017; 115:264-271. [PMID: 29273511 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation for the first time explains the anti biofilm and anti virulence potential of Kaffir lime oil (KLO) and its major constituent, Citronellal (3,7-dimethyloct-6-enal) against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, causal organism of bacterial blight disease of rice. KLO at 500 ppm showed potential activity against X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Among the major components identified, citronellal (CIT) at 75 μM concentration was found to significantly inhibit biofilm along with the swimming and swarming potential of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. In contrary, CIT did not affect the metabolic status and growth kinetics of the bacterial cells. Gene expression analysis showed down regulation in motA, cheD, cheY, flgF, gumC, xylanase, endogluconase, cellulose, cellobiosidase, virulence and rpfF transcript levels by citronellal treatment. However, an insignificant effect of 75 μM CIT treatment was observed on motB, flgE, pilA, estY, pglA, protease and lytic genes expression. Finally, the observations recorded were in confirmity with the virulence leaf clip test as lesion length was significantly decreased (39%) in CIT treatment as compared to the control leaves inoculated with only X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Overall, the findings obtained advocate the use of CIT for promising anti biofilm and anti virulence activity which in turn can be used for managing the blight disease in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh
- Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sudeep Tandon
- Chemical Processing Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Prateeksha
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Department of Microbial Technology and Nematology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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Marolleau B, Gaucher M, Heintz C, Degrave A, Warneys R, Orain G, Lemarquand A, Brisset MN. When a Plant Resistance Inducer Leaves the Lab for the Field: Integrating ASM into Routine Apple Protection Practices. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1938. [PMID: 29255473 PMCID: PMC5723009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance inducers, also called elicitors, could be useful to reduce the use of pesticides. However, their performance in controlling diseases in the field remains unsatisfactory due to lack of specific knowledge of how they can integrate crop protection practices. In this work, we focused on apple crop and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a well-known SAR (systemic acquired resistance) inducer of numerous plant species. We provide a protocol for orchard-effective control of apple scab due to the ascomycete fungus Venturia inaequalis, by applying ASM in combination with a light integrated pest management program. Besides we pave the way for future optimization levers by demonstrating in controlled conditions (i) the high influence of apple genotypes, (ii) the ability of ASM to prime defenses in newly formed leaves, (iii) the positive effect of repeated elicitor applications, (iv) the additive effect of a thinning fruit agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Marolleau
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Matthieu Gaucher
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Christelle Heintz
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Alexandre Degrave
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Romain Warneys
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Gilles Orain
- Unité Expérimentale Horticole, INRA, Beaucouzé, France
| | | | - Marie-Noëlle Brisset
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
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Liñeiro E, Macias-Sánchez AJ, Espinazo M, Cantoral JM, Moraga J, Collado IG, Fernández-Acero FJ. Phenotypic Effects and Inhibition of Botrydial Biosynthesis Induced by Different Plant-Based Elicitors in Botrytis cinerea. Curr Microbiol 2017; 75:431-440. [PMID: 29147762 PMCID: PMC5842495 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is considered a model organism for the study of plant-pathogen interaction showing great genetic diversity and a high degree of morphological variability depending on environmental conditions. The use of new compounds and plant-based elicitors may trigger the expression of different B. cinerea genes, providing new sources of virulence factors. This work is focused on elucidating the phenotypic effect in B. cinerea of different carbon sources such as glucose, cellulose and tomato cell walls (TCW). Production of botrydial and dihydrobotrydial toxins was evaluated using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRESIMS). Expression of the toxin biosynthesis gene BcBOT2 was followed using RT-qPCR. Results show an inhibition of the toxin biosynthesis pathway when TCW are present as a sole carbon source, suggesting that the toxin is only produced when rich molecules, like glucose, are available for fungal metabolism. That suggests a connection between gene expression of virulence factors and environmental conditions, where the silent genes can be induced by different culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Liñeiro
- Microbiology Laboratory, Andalusian Center for Grape and Grapevine Research, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio J Macias-Sánchez
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marisa Espinazo
- Microbiology Laboratory, Andalusian Center for Grape and Grapevine Research, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jesús M Cantoral
- Microbiology Laboratory, Andalusian Center for Grape and Grapevine Research, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier Moraga
- Microbiology Laboratory, Andalusian Center for Grape and Grapevine Research, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Isidro G Collado
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco J Fernández-Acero
- Microbiology Laboratory, Andalusian Center for Grape and Grapevine Research, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Lucas JA, Garcia-Villaraco Velasco A, Ramos B, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ. Changes of enzyme activities related to oxidative stress in rice plants inoculated with random mutants of a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain able to improve plant fitness upon biotic and abiotic conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:1063-1074. [PMID: 32480633 DOI: 10.1071/fp17022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas fluorescens strain used in this work (Aur 6) has demonstrated its ability to improve fitness of different plant species upon biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Random mutants of this strain were constructed with the Tn5 transposon technology, and biological tests to evaluate loss of salt protection were conducted with all the mutants (104 mutants) on rice seedlings. Mutant 33 showed an evident reduction in its ability to protect plants upon salt stress challenge, whereas mutant 19 was more effective than the wild type. Enzymes related with oxidative stress were studied in both mutants and wild type. Enzyme activities were decreased with mutant 33 with regard to wild type, whereas mutant 19 did not produce important changes suggesting involvement of redox balance associated to the observed modifications in these antioxidant enzymes as one of the probable mechanisms used by these strains. Data of malondialdehyde (MDA) were consistent with this fact. Mutants also affected accumulation of proline, the most common osmolyte in plants. A second experiment to evaluate the ability of both mutants and wild type to stimulate growth on tomato plants was conducted, as this feature was previously demonstrated by wild type. Similar results were obtained in growth of both species, suggesting that mutations of both mutants are related with the capacities of the wild type to stimulate growth. To reveal mutated genes, both mutants were mapped. Three mutated genes were found in mutant 33. A gene related with a general secretion pathway protein D, a gene related with a putative two-component system sensor kinase (ColS), and a gene related with flagellar motor switch protein (FliG). In mutant 19, two mutated genes were found. One gene related with heavy metal efflux pump Czca family, and other gene of 16s rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Lucas
- Universidad San Pablo CEU, Dept. Pharmaceutical Science and Health, Facultad Farmacia, Urb. Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Garcia-Villaraco Velasco
- Universidad San Pablo CEU, Dept. Pharmaceutical Science and Health, Facultad Farmacia, Urb. Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramos
- Universidad San Pablo CEU, Dept. Pharmaceutical Science and Health, Facultad Farmacia, Urb. Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Gutierrez-Mañero
- Universidad San Pablo CEU, Dept. Pharmaceutical Science and Health, Facultad Farmacia, Urb. Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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Noh SW, Seo R, Park JK, Manir MM, Park K, Sang MK, Moon SS, Jung HW. Cyclic Dipeptides from Bacillus vallismortis BS07 Require Key Components of Plant Immunity to Induce Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas Infection. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 33:402-409. [PMID: 28811757 PMCID: PMC5538444 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.11.2016.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are one of the simplest compounds produced by living organisms. Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) also produce CDPs that can induce disease resistance. Bacillus vallismortis strain BS07 producing various CDPs has been evaluated as a potential biocontrol agent against multiple plant pathogens in chili pepper. However, plant signal pathway triggered by CDPs has not been fully elucidated yet. Here we introduce four CDPs, cyclo(Gly-L-Pro) previously identified from Aspergillus sp., and cyclo(L-Ala-L-Ile), cyclo(L-Ala-L-Leu), and cyclo(LLeu-L-Pro) identified from B. vallismortis BS07, which induce disease resistance in Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae infection. The CDPs do not directly inhibit fungal and oomycete growth in vitro. These CDPs require PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4, SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2, and NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS1 important for salicylic acid-dependent defense to induce resistance. On the other hand, regulators involved in jasmonate-dependent event, such as ETHYLENE RECEPTOR1, JASMONATE RESPONSE1, and JASMONATE INSENSITIVE1, are necessary to the CDP-induced resistance. Furthermore, treatment of these CDPs primes Arabidopsis plants to rapidly express PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN4 at early infection phase. Taken together, we propose that these CDPs from PGPR strains accelerate activation of jasmonate-related signaling pathway during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Woo Noh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Rira Seo
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Jung-Kwon Park
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | | | - Kyungseok Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Mee Kyung Sang
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Surk-Sik Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588,
Korea
| | - Ho Won Jung
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-51-200-7546, FAX) +82-51-200-7505, E-mail)
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68
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Nandini B, Hariprasad P, Shankara HN, Prakash HS, Geetha N. Total crude protein extract of Trichoderma spp. induces systemic resistance in pearl millet against the downy mildew pathogen. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:183. [PMID: 28664370 PMCID: PMC5491437 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several proteins and peptides of microbial origin are reported for their elicitor properties, which play a vital role in the development of local and systemic resistances in plants. In this study, the efficacy of total crude proteins (TCP) extracted from six different Trichoderma spp. (T. asperellum, T. harzianum, T. atroviride, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, and T. brevicompactum) was evaluated for their ability to elicit defense responses in pearl millet against downy mildew disease. Priming of pearl millet seeds (with or without mannitol) with different concentrations of TCP from Trichoderma spp. does not affect the seed germination and seedling vigor significantly. Under greenhouse conditions, a varied level of disease protection was recorded with TCP of different Trichoderma spp., and furthermore, its efficacy was found increased when treated with mannitol. Total crude protein extracts of T. atroviride (75 µg/ml) with mannitol recorded significantly higher disease protection of 53.6% in comparison with respective controls. Furthermore, this observation was supported by elevated levels of peroxidase (7.7 U @ 36 h after inoculation) and lipoxygenase (29.5 U @ 48 h after inoculation) and hypersensitive necrotic spots (56% @ 24 h after inoculation). The present study illustrated the capability of TCP extracted from different Trichoderma spp. to elicit the disease resistance mechanism in pearl millet seedlings against Sclerospora graminicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boregowda Nandini
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | - Puttaswamy Hariprasad
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | | | | | - Nagaraja Geetha
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India.
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Implications of molecular diversity of chitin and its derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3513-3536. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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70
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Lemaître-Guillier C, Hovasse A, Schaeffer-Reiss C, Recorbet G, Poinssot B, Trouvelot S, Daire X, Adrian M, Héloir MC. Proteomics towards the understanding of elicitor induced resistance of grapevine against downy mildew. J Proteomics 2017; 156:113-125. [PMID: 28153682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Elicitors are known to trigger plant defenses in response to biotic stress, but do not systematically lead to effective resistance to pathogens. The reasons explaining such differences remain misunderstood. Therefore, elicitation and induced resistance (IR) were investigated through the comparison of two modified β-1,3 glucans applied on grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaves before and after inoculation with Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew. The sulfated (PS3) and the shortened (H13) forms of laminarin are both known to elicit defense responses whereas only PS3 induces resistance against downy mildew. The analysis of the 2-DE gel electrophoresis revealed that PS3 and H13 induced distinct proteomic profiles after treatment and pathogen inoculation. Our results point out that the PS3-induced resistance is associated with the activation of the primary metabolism especially on amino acids and carbohydrates pathways. In addition, few proteins, such as the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR-like) related to the OPDA pathway, and an Arsenite-resistance protein (Serrate-like protein) could be considered as useful markers of induced resistance. SIGNIFICANCE One strategy to reduce the application of fungicides is the use of elicitors which induce plant defense responses. Nonetheless, the elicitors do not systematically lead to resistance against pathogens. The lack of correlation between plant defense activation and induced resistance (IR) requires the investigation of what makes the specificity of elicitor-IR. In this study, the two β-glucans elicitors, sulfated (PS3) and short (H13) laminarins, were used in the grapevine/Plasmopara viticola interaction since only the first one leads to resistance against downy mildew. To disclose IR specificity, proteomic approach has been employed to compare the two treatments before and after P. viticola inoculation. The analysis of the 2-DE revealed that PS3 and H13 induced distinct proteomic profiles after treatment and pathogen inoculation. Significant increase of the number of proteins regulated by PS3, relative to both H13 and time-points, is correlated with the resistance process establishment. Our results point that the PS3-induced resistance requires the activation of the primary metabolism especially on amino acids and carbohydrates pathways. In addition, few proteins, such as the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR-like) related to the OPDA pathway, and an Arsenite-resistance protein (Serrate-like protein) could constitute useful markers of PS3 induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Lemaître-Guillier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Agnès Hovasse
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Schaeffer-Reiss
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Benoît Poinssot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Xavier Daire
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, CNRS ERL 6003, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1347, 17 rue de Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France
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71
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Adrian M, Lucio M, Roullier-Gall C, Héloir MC, Trouvelot S, Daire X, Kanawati B, Lemaître-Guillier C, Poinssot B, Gougeon R, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Metabolic Fingerprint of PS3-Induced Resistance of Grapevine Leaves against Plasmopara viticola Revealed Differences in Elicitor-Triggered Defenses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:101. [PMID: 28261225 PMCID: PMC5306141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Induction of plant resistance against pathogens by defense elicitors constitutes an attractive strategy to reduce the use of fungicides in crop protection. However, all elicitors do not systematically confer protection against pathogens. Elicitor-induced resistance (IR) thus merits to be further characterized in order to understand what makes an elicitor efficient. In this study, the oligosaccharidic defense elicitors H13 and PS3, respectively, ineffective and effective to trigger resistance of grapevine leaves against downy mildew, were used to compare their effect on the global leaf metabolism. Ultra high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis allowed us to obtain and compare the specific metabolic fingerprint induced by each elicitor and to characterize the associated metabolic pathways. Moreover, erythritol phosphate was identified as a putative marker of elicitor-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
- *Correspondence: Marielle Adrian,
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Chloé Roullier-Gall
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Xavier Daire
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Basem Kanawati
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Benoît Poinssot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Régis Gougeon
- UMR PAM Université de Bourgogne/AgroSupDijon, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Jules GuyotDijon, France
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität MünchenFreising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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72
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Vargas-Hernandez M, Macias-Bobadilla I, Guevara-Gonzalez RG, Romero-Gomez SDJ, Rico-Garcia E, Ocampo-Velazquez RV, Alvarez-Arquieta LDL, Torres-Pacheco I. Plant Hormesis Management with Biostimulants of Biotic Origin in Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1762. [PMID: 29081787 PMCID: PMC5645530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over time plants developed complex mechanisms in order to adapt themselves to the environment. Plant innate immunity is one of the most important mechanisms for the environmental adaptation. A myriad of secondary metabolites with nutraceutical features are produced by the plant immune system in order to get adaptation to new environments that provoke stress (stressors). Hormesis is a phenomenon by which a stressor (i.e., toxins, herbicides, etc.) stimulates the cellular stress response, including secondary metabolites production, in order to help organisms to establish adaptive responses. Hormetins of biotic origin (i.e., biostimulants or biological control compounds), in certain doses might enhance plant performance, however, in excessive doses they are commonly deleterious. Biostimulants or biological control compounds of biotic origin are called "elicitors" that have widely been studied as inducers of plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The plant response toward elicitors is reminiscent of hormetic responses toward toxins in several organisms. Thus, controlled management of hormetic responses in plants using these types of compounds is expected to be an important tool to increase nutraceutical quality of plant food and trying to minimize negative effects on yields. The aim of this review is to analyze the potential for agriculture that the use of biostimulants and biological control compounds of biotic origin could have in the management of the plant hormesis. The use of homolog DNA as biostimulant or biological control compound in crop production is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Vargas-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Israel Macias-Bobadilla
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Ramon G. Guevara-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Sergio de J. Romero-Gomez
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Chemistry, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Enrique Rico-Garcia
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Rosalia V. Ocampo-Velazquez
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Luz de L. Alvarez-Arquieta
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Irineo Torres-Pacheco
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Irineo Torres-Pacheco,
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73
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Alexandersson E, Mulugeta T, Lankinen Å, Liljeroth E, Andreasson E. Plant Resistance Inducers against Pathogens in Solanaceae Species-From Molecular Mechanisms to Field Application. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1673. [PMID: 27706100 PMCID: PMC5085706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a current summary of plant resistance inducers (PRIs) that have been successfully used in the Solanaceae plant family to protect against pathogens by activating the plant's own defence. Solanaceous species include many important crops such as potato and tomato. We also present findings regarding the molecular processes after application of PRIs, even if the number of such studies still remains limited in this plant family. In general, there is a lack of patterns regarding the efficiency of induced resistance (IR) both between and within solanaceous species. In many cases, a hypersensitivity-like reaction needs to form in order for the PRI to be efficient. "-Omics" studies have already given insight in the complexity of responses, and can explain some of the differences seen in efficacy of PRIs between and within species as well as towards different pathogens. Finally, examples of field applications of PRIs for solanaceous crops are presented and discussed. We predict that PRIs will play a role in future plant protection strategies in Solanaceae crops if they are combined with other means of disease control in different spatial and temporal combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Alexandersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Tewodros Mulugeta
- Department of Zoological Science, Addis Ababa University, 1176 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Åsa Lankinen
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Erland Liljeroth
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Erik Andreasson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
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74
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Flavonoid Interaction with a Chitinase from Grape Berry Skin: Protein Identification and Modulation of the Enzymatic Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101300. [PMID: 27689984 PMCID: PMC6273270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, an antibody raised against a peptide sequence of rat bilitranslocase (anti-peptide Ab) was tested on microsomal proteins obtained from red grape berry skin. Previously, this antibody had demonstrated to recognize plant membrane proteins associated with flavonoid binding and transport. Immuno-proteomic assays identified a number of proteins reacting with this particular antibody, suggesting that the flavonoid binding and interaction may be extended not only to carriers of these molecules, but also to enzymes with very different functions. One of these proteins is a pathogenesis-related (PR) class IV chitinase, whose in vitro chitinolytic activity was modulated by two of the most representative flavonoids of grape, quercetin and catechin, as assessed by both spectrophotometric and fluorimetric assays in grape microsomes and commercial enzyme preparations. The effect of these flavonoids on the catalysis and its kinetic parameters was also evaluated, evidencing that they determine a hormetic dose-dependent response. These results highlight the importance of flavonoids not only as antioxidants or antimicrobial effectors, but also as modulators of plant growth and stress response. Implications of the present suggestion are here discussed in the light of environment and pesticide-reduction concerns.
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75
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Pitzschke A. Developmental Peculiarities and Seed-Borne Endophytes in Quinoa: Omnipresent, Robust Bacilli Contribute to Plant Fitness. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2. [PMID: 26834724 PMCID: PMC4722091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among potential climate change-adapted crops for future agriculture, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), a facultative halophyte plant with exceptional nutritional properties, stands out as a prime candidate. This work examined how quinoa deals with extreme situations during seed rehydration. Quinoa distinguishes itself from other plants in multiple ways. It germinates within minutes, even under extremely hostile conditions. Broken seeds/split embryos are able to regenerate. Furthermore, quinoa seedlings are resurrection-competent. These peculiarities became in part explainable upon discovery of seed-borne microorganisms. 100% of quinoa seeds, from different sources, are inhabited by diverse members of the genus Bacillus. These endophytes are motile and reside in all seedling organs, indicating vertical transmission. Owing to their high catalase activities and superoxide contents the bacteria potentially manipulate the host's redox status. Superoxide-driven cell expansion enables quinoa to overcome a critical period in development, seedling establishment. Quinoa's immediate confrontation with "foreign" reactive oxygen species and bacterial elicitors likely induces a naturally primed state, enabling plants to withstand extreme situations. The endophytic bacteria, which are cultivable and highly robust themselves, have high potential for application in agriculture, food (amylase) and cosmetics (catalase) industry. This work also discusses the potential of transferring quinoa's microbiome to improve stress resistance in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pitzschke
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
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76
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Van Weymers PSM, Baker K, Chen X, Harrower B, Cooke DEL, Gilroy EM, Birch PRJ, Thilliez GJA, Lees AK, Lynott JS, Armstrong MR, McKenzie G, Bryan GJ, Hein I. Utilizing "Omic" Technologies to Identify and Prioritize Novel Sources of Resistance to the Oomycete Pathogen Phytophthora infestans in Potato Germplasm Collections. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:672. [PMID: 27303410 PMCID: PMC4882398 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The greatest threat to potato production world-wide is late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. A screen of 126 wild diploid Solanum accessions from the Commonwealth Potato Collection (CPC) with P. infestans isolates belonging to the genotype 13-A2 identified resistances in the species S. bulbocastanum, S. capsicibaccatum, S. microdontum, S. mochiquense, S. okadae, S. pinnatisectum, S. polyadenium, S. tarijense, and S. verrucosum. Effector-omics, allele mining, and diagnostic RenSeq (dRenSeq) were utilized to investigate the nature of resistances in S. okadae accessions. dRenSeq in resistant S. okadae accessions 7129, 7625, 3762, and a bulk of 20 resistant progeny confirmed the presence of full-length Rpi-vnt1.1 under stringent mapping conditions and corroborated allele mining results in the accessions 7129 and 7625 as well as Avr-vnt1 recognition in transient expression assays. In contrast, susceptible S. okadae accession 3761 and a bulk of 20 susceptible progeny lacked sequence homology in the 5' end compared to the functional Rpi-vnt1.1 gene. Further evaluation of S. okadae accessions with P. infestans isolates that have a broad spectrum of virulence demonstrated that, although S. okadae accessions 7129, 7625, and 7629 contain functional Rpi-vnt1.1, they also carry a novel resistance gene. We provide evidence that existing germplasm collections are important sources of novel resistances and that "omic" technologies such as dRenSeq-based genomics and effector-omics are efficacious tools to rapidly explore the diversity within these collections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie Baker
- Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
| | - Brian Harrower
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
| | | | | | - Paul R. J. Birch
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
| | | | - Alison K. Lees
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
| | - James S. Lynott
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
| | | | - Gaynor McKenzie
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
| | - Glenn J. Bryan
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
- *Correspondence: Glenn J. Bryan
| | - Ingo Hein
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
- Ingo Hein
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77
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Hael-Conrad V, Abou-Mansour E, Díaz-Ricci JC, Métraux JP, Serrano M. The novel elicitor AsES triggers a defense response against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:120-7. [PMID: 26706064 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AsES (Acremonium strictum Elicitor and Subtilisin) is a novel extracellular elicitor protein produced by the avirulent isolate SS71 of the opportunist strawberry fungal pathogen A. strictum. Here we describe the activity of AsES in the plant-pathogen system Arabidopsis thaliana-Botrytis cinerea. We show that AsES renders A. thaliana plants resistant to the necrotrophic pathogen B. cinerea, both locally and systemically and the defense response observed is dose-dependent. Systemic, but not local resistance is dependent on the length of exposure to AsES. The germination of the spores in vitro was not inhibited by AsES, implying that protection to B. cinerea is due to the induction of the plant defenses. These results were further supported by the findings that AsES differentially affects mutants impaired in the response to salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene, suggesting that AsES triggers the defense response through these three signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hael-Conrad
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - E Abou-Mansour
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - J-C Díaz-Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - J-P Métraux
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - M Serrano
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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78
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Nazareno ES, Dumenyo CK. Modified inoculation and disease assessment methods reveal host specificity in Erwinia tracheiphila-Cucurbitaceae interactions. Microb Pathog 2015; 89:184-7. [PMID: 26522078 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a greenhouse trial to determine specific compatible interactions between Erwinia tracheiphila strains and cucurbit host species. Using a modified inoculation system, E. tracheiphila strains HCa1-5N, UnisCu1-1N, and MISpSq-N were inoculated to cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cv. 'Sweet Burpless', melon (Cucumis melo) cv. 'Athena Hybrid', and squash (Cucubita pepo) cv. 'Early Summer Crookneck'. We observed symptoms and disease progression for 30 days; recorded the number of days to wilting of the inoculated leaf (DWIL), days to wilting of the whole plant (DWWP), and days to death of the plant (DDP). We found significant interactions between host cultivar and pathogen strains, which imply host specificity. Pathogen strains HCa1-5N and UnisCu1-1N isolated from Cucumis species exhibited more virulence in cucumber and melon than in squash, while the reverse was true for strain MISpSq-N, an isolate from Cucurbita spp. Our observations confirm a previous finding that E. tracheiphila strains isolated from Cucumis species were more virulent on Cucumis hosts and those from Cucubita were more virulent on Cucubita hosts. This confirmation helps in better understanding the pathosystem and provides baseline information for the subsequent development of new disease management strategies for bacterial wilt. We also demonstrated the efficiency of our modified inoculation and disease scoring methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Nazareno
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Campus Box 9610, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - C Korsi Dumenyo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Campus Box 9610, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
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79
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A transcriptional reference map of defence hormone responses in potato. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15229. [PMID: 26477733 PMCID: PMC4610000 DOI: 10.1038/srep15229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones are involved in diverse aspects of plant life including the regulation of plant growth, development and reproduction, as well as governing biotic and abiotic stress responses. We have generated a comprehensive transcriptional reference map of the early potato responses to exogenous application of the defence hormones abscisic acid, brassinolides (applied as epibrassinolide), ethylene (applied as the ethylene precursor aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid), salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (applied as methyl jasmonate). Of the 39000 predicted genes on the microarray, a total of 2677 and 2473 genes were significantly differentially expressed at 1 h and 6 h after hormone treatment, respectively. Specific marker genes newly identified for the early hormone responses in potato include: a homeodomain 20 transcription factor (DMG400000248) for abscisic acid; a SAUR gene (DMG400016561) induced in epibrassinolide treated plants; an osmotin gene (DMG400003057) specifically enhanced by aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid; a gene weakly similar to AtWRKY40 (DMG402007388) that was induced by salicylic acid; and a jasmonate ZIM-domain protein 1 (DMG400002930) which was specifically activated by methyl jasmonate. An online database has been set up to query the expression patterns of potato genes represented on the microarray that can also incorporate future microarray or RNAseq-based expression studies.
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80
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Bardin M, Ajouz S, Comby M, Lopez-Ferber M, Graillot B, Siegwart M, Nicot PC. Is the efficacy of biological control against plant diseases likely to be more durable than that of chemical pesticides? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:566. [PMID: 26284088 PMCID: PMC4515547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The durability of a control method for plant protection is defined as the persistence of its efficacy in space and time. It depends on (i) the selection pressure exerted by it on populations of plant pathogens and (ii) on the capacity of these pathogens to adapt to the control method. Erosion of effectiveness of conventional plant protection methods has been widely studied in the past. For example, apparition of resistance to chemical pesticides in plant pathogens or pests has been extensively documented. The durability of biological control has often been assumed to be higher than that of chemical control. Results concerning pest management in agricultural systems have shown that this assumption may not always be justified. Resistance of various pests to one or several toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis and apparition of resistance of the codling moth Cydia pomonella to the C. pomonella granulovirus have, for example, been described. In contrast with the situation for pests, the durability of biological control of plant diseases has hardly been studied and no scientific reports proving the loss of efficiency of biological control agents against plant pathogens in practice has been published so far. Knowledge concerning the possible erosion of effectiveness of biological control is essential to ensure a durable efficacy of biological control agents on target plant pathogens. This knowledge will result in identifying risk factors that can foster the selection of strains of plant pathogens resistant to biological control agents. It will also result in identifying types of biological control agents with lower risk of efficacy loss, i.e., modes of action of biological control agents that does not favor the selection of resistant isolates in natural populations of plant pathogens. An analysis of the scientific literature was then conducted to assess the potential for plant pathogens to become resistant to biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bardin
- Plant Pathology Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR407, Montfavet, France
| | - Sakhr Ajouz
- Plant Pathology Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR407, Montfavet, France
| | - Morgane Comby
- Plant Pathology Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR407, Montfavet, France
| | - Miguel Lopez-Ferber
- Laboratoire de Génie de l’Environnement Industriel, Ecole des Mines d’Alès, Institut Mines-Telecom, Alès, France
| | - Benoît Graillot
- Laboratoire de Génie de l’Environnement Industriel, Ecole des Mines d’Alès, Institut Mines-Telecom, Alès, France
- Natural Plant Protection,Arysta LifeScience Group, Pau, France
| | - Myriam Siegwart
- Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115, Avignon, France
| | - Philippe C. Nicot
- Plant Pathology Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR407, Montfavet, France
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Schwessinger B, Bart R, Krasileva KV, Coaker G. Focus issue on plant immunity: from model systems to crop species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:195. [PMID: 25859255 PMCID: PMC4374389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schwessinger
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences DivisionBerkeley, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Benjamin Schwessinger and Gitta Coaker, ;
| | - Rebecca Bart
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ksenia V. Krasileva
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwich, UK
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research ParkNorwich, UK
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Benjamin Schwessinger and Gitta Coaker, ;
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Nesler A, Perazzolli M, Puopolo G, Giovannini O, Elad Y, Pertot I. A complex protein derivative acts as biogenic elicitor of grapevine resistance against powdery mildew under field conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:715. [PMID: 26442029 PMCID: PMC4585195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator is one of the most important grapevine diseases in several viticulture areas, and high fungicide input is required to control it. However, numerous synthetic chemical pesticides are under scrutiny due to concerns about their impact on human health and the environment. Biopesticides, such as biogenic elicitors, are a promising alternative to chemical fungicides. Although several studies have reported on effective elicitors against grapevine diseases, their efficacy under field conditions has not been investigated extensively or has occurred at rather limited levels. Our goal was to examine the efficacy of a protein-based composition, namely nutrient broth (NB), against powdery mildew under field conditions and to characterize its mechanism of action. Weekly treatments with NB was highly effective in controlling powdery mildew on grapevine across seasons with different disease pressures. The level of disease control achieved with NB was comparable to standard fungicide treatments both on leaves and bunches across three different years. NB has no direct toxic effect on the germination of E. necator conidia, and it activates plant resistance with both systemic and translaminar effect in experiments with artificial inoculation under controlled conditions. NB induced the expression of defense-related genes in grapevine, demonstrating stimulation of plant defense mechanisms, prior to and in the early stages of pathogen infection. NB is a natural derivative from meat and yeast, substances that tend not to raise concerns about toxicological and ecotoxicological properties. NB represents a valid control tool for integrated plant protection programs against powdery mildew, to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides on grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nesler
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michele Perazzolli, Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, San Michele all'Adige 38010, Italy
| | - Gerardo Puopolo
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Oscar Giovannini
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Trdá L, Boutrot F, Claverie J, Brulé D, Dorey S, Poinssot B. Perception of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their evasion of host immunity: pattern recognition receptors in the frontline. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:219. [PMID: 25904927 PMCID: PMC4389352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. Plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) which are microorganism molecular signatures. Located at the plant plasma membrane, the PRRs are generally receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs). MAMP detection will lead to the establishment of a plant defense program called MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). In this review, we overview the RLKs and RLPs that assure early recognition and control of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria. We also highlight the crucial function of PRRs during plant-microbe interactions, with a special emphasis on the receptors of the bacterial flagellin and peptidoglycan. In addition, we discuss the multiple strategies used by bacteria to evade PRR-mediated recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Trdá
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Freddy Boutrot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research ParkNorwich, UK
| | - Justine Claverie
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Daphnée Brulé
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Stephan Dorey
- Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, URVVC EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Benoit Poinssot
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
- *Correspondence: Benoit Poinssot, Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie INRA – uB – Agrosup, 17 rue Sully, 21000 Dijon, France
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