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Yang F, Jiang H, Ma K, Hegazy A, Wang X, Liang S, Chang G, Yu L, Tian B, Shi X. Genomic and phenotypic analyses reveal Paenibacillus polymyxa PJH16 is a potential biocontrol agent against cucumber fusarium wilt. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1359263. [PMID: 38591040 PMCID: PMC11000672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bacterial-based biocontrol agents (BCA) have become a new trend for the control of fungal diseases such as fusarium wilt that seriously threaten the yield and quality of cucumber, which are transmitted through infested soil and water. This study was set out with the aim of figuring the mechanism of the isolated rhizobacterial strain Paenibacillus polymyxa PJH16 in preventing Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc). Biocontrol and growth-promoting experiments revealed that bacterial strain causes effective inhibition of the fungal disease through a significant growth-promoting ability of plants, and had activities of β-1,3-glucanase, cellulase, amylase and protease. It could produce siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid, too. Using the high-throughput sequencing tool PacBio Sequel II system and the database annotation, the bacterial strain was identified as P. polymyxa PJH16 and contained genes encoding for presence of biofilm formation, antimicrobial peptides, siderophores and hydrolyases. From comparing data between the whole genome of P. polymyxa PJH16 with four closely related P. polymyxa strains, findings revealed markedly the subtle differences in their genome sequences and proposed new antifungal substances present in P. polymyxa PJH16. Therefore, P. polymyxa PJH16 could be utilized in bioengineering a microbial formulation for application as biocontrol agent and bio-stimulant, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huayan Jiang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Abeer Hegazy
- National Water Research Center, Shubra El Kheima, Egypt
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shen Liang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaozheng Chang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- Henan Natural Products Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuanjie Shi
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Antón-Domínguez BI, Díaz-Díaz M, Acedo-Antequera FA, Trapero C, Agustí-Brisach C. Use of natural-based commercial products as an alternative for providing bioprotection against verticillium wilt of olive. J Sci Food Agric 2024. [PMID: 38482895 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of the ineffectiveness of existing control methods against Verticillium dahliae, the causal agent of verticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea; VWO), it is necessary to search for sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives, such as bioprotection by products based on plant extracts and other naturally synthesized compounds. Therefore, present study aimed to evaluate the effects of seven natural-based commercial products on the inhibition of mycelial growth, the germination of V. dahliae conidia and microsclerotia, and disease progression in olive plants (cv. Picual). Aluminium lignosulfonate and a copper phosphonate salt (copper phosphite) were included for comparative purposes. RESULTS The seaweed and willow extracts and copper phosphite inhibited V. dahliae mycelial growth by more than 50% at the high doses tested. Most of the products inhibited conidial germination by up to 90% compared to the control at the high doses tested. However, none of the products showed efficacy above 50% in inhibiting microsclerotia germination. The willow extract was the most effective at reducing disease severity and progression in olive plants, with no significant differences compared to the non-inoculated negative control. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that the use of natural-based products (i.e. seaweed and willow extracts) is a potential sustainable alternative in an integrated VWO control strategy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña I Antón-Domínguez
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-24), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miriam Díaz-Díaz
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-24), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos (CBQ), Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (UCLV), Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Francisca A Acedo-Antequera
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-24), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Trapero
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-24), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-24), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Etminani F, Harighi B, Bahramnejad B, Mozafari AA. Antivirulence effects of cell-free culture supernatant of endophytic bacteria against grapevine crown gall agent, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and induction of defense responses in plantlets via intact bacterial cells. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:104. [PMID: 38336608 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a very destructive affliction that affects grapevines. Endophytic bacteria have been discovered to control plant diseases via the use of several mechanisms. This research examined the potential for controlling crown gall by three endophytic bacteria that were previously isolated from healthy cultivated and wild grapevines including Pseudomonas kilonensis Ba35, Pseudomonas chlororaphis Ba47, and Serratia liquefaciens Ou55. RESULT At various degrees, three endophytic bacteria suppressed the populations of A. tumefaciens Gh1 and greatly decreased the symptoms of crown gall. Furthermore, biofilm production and motility behaviors of A. tumefaciens Gh1were greatly inhibited by the Cell-free Culture Supernatant (CFCS) of endophytic bacteria. According to our findings, CFCS may reduce the adhesion of A. tumefaciens Gh1 cells to grapevine cv. Rashe root tissues as well as their chemotaxis motility toward the extract of the roots. When compared to the untreated control, statistical analysis showed that CFCS significantly reduced the swimming, twitching, and swarming motility of A. tumefaciens Gh1. The findings demonstrated that the endophytic bacteria effectively stimulated the production of plant defensive enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and total soluble phenols at different time intervals in grapevine inoculated with A. tumefaciens Gh1. The Ba47 strain markedly increased the expression levels of defense genes associated with plant resistance. The up-regulation of PR1, PR2, VvACO1, and GAD1 genes in grapevine leaves indicates the activation of SA and JA pathways, which play a role in enhancing resistance to pathogen invasion. The results showed that treating grapevine with Ba47 increased antioxidant defense activities and defense-related gene expression, which reduced oxidative damage caused by A. tumefaciens and decreased the incidence of crown gall disease. CONCLUSION This is the first study on how A. tumefaciens, the grapevine crown gall agent, is affected by CFCS generated by endophytic bacteria in terms of growth and virulence features. To create safer plant disease management techniques, knowledge of the biocontrol processes mediated by CFCS during microbial interactions is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Etminani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Behrouz Harighi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Bahman Bahramnejad
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Mozafari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Vanama S, Gopalan NSR, Pesari M, Baskar M, Gali UD, Lakshmi DL, Koteshwar P, Jesudasu G, Rathod S, Prasad MS, Panuganti R, Sundaram RM, Mohapatra S, Kannan C. Native bio-control agents from the rice fields of Telangana, India: characterization and unveiling the potential against stem rot and false smut diseases of rice. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:2. [PMID: 37923802 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The stem rot caused by Sclerotium hydrophilum and false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens are two of the major production constraints in rice cultivation in India and other countries. Stem rot and false smut can be effectively controlled with synthetic fungicides. However, the indiscriminate use of chemical fungicides may cause development of resistance among the pathogens. In addition to this, synthetic fungicides also exhibit harmful impacts on the environment. Exploiting microbe-based alternatives for managing plant diseases diminishes public concerns about the ill effects of pesticide usage in crops. In this regard, the present study was designed to investigate the potential of native microbial biocontrol agents (BCAs) from rice rhizosphere for the sustainable management of stem rot and false smut diseases in rice. Potential BCAs and pathogens were identified and characterized through morphological, biochemical, and sanger sequencing techniques. Bio-efficacy tests of potential BCAs against stem rot and false smut diseases on rice under glasshouse conditions indicated higher seed vigour index of the treated seeds, significant improvement in the growth of the seedling, increased dry weight, reduction in percentage disease index viz., 70.03% (stem rot) and 69.24% (false smut) over the control plants. Phytohormones indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), and zeatin (tZ) were detected and quantified in the four potential BCAs using liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed the endophytic nature of the strains in rice. The study indicated a positive correlation between the diversity and concentration of phytohormones released by the bioagents and enhanced plant growth promotion and disease suppression in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Vanama
- Professor Jayashankar, Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - N S Raja Gopalan
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Maruthi Pesari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - M Baskar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Uma Devi Gali
- Professor Jayashankar, Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - D Ladha Lakshmi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - P Koteshwar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - G Jesudasu
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Santosha Rathod
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - M Srinivas Prasad
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Rajanikanth Panuganti
- Professor Jayashankar, Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - R M Sundaram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Sridev Mohapatra
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - C Kannan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India.
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Kashyap N, Singh SK, Yadav N, Singh VK, Kumari M, Kumar D, Shukla L, Bhardwaj N, Kumar A. Biocontrol Screening of Endophytes: Applications and Limitations. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2480. [PMID: 37447041 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The considerable loss of crop productivity each year due to plant disease or pathogen invasion during pre- or post-harvest storage conditions is one of the most severe challenges to achieving the goals of food security for the rising global population. Although chemical pesticides severally affect the food quality and health of consumers, a large population relies on them for plant disease management. But currently, endophytes have been considered one of the most suitable biocontrol agents due to better colonization and acclimatization potential. However, a very limited number of endophytes have been used commercially as biocontrol agents. Isolation of endophytes and their screening to represent potential characteristics as biocontrol agents are considered challenging by different procedures. Through a web search using the keywords "endophytes as biocontrol agents" or "biocontrol mechanism of endophytes," we have succinctly summarised the isolation strategies and different in vitro and in vivo biocontrol screening methods of endophytic biocontrol agents in the present review. In this paper, biocontrol mechanisms of endophytes and their potential application in plant disease management have also been discussed. Furthermore, the registration and regulatory mechanism of the endophytic biocontrol agents are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Nisha Yadav
- Division of Agriculture Extension, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya 224123, India
| | - Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Livleen Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Nikunj Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, Maharaj Singh College, Maa Shakumbhari University, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botany, M.V. College, Buxar 802101, India
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Ahmed HFA, Elnaggar S, Abdel-Wahed GA, Taha RS, Ahmad A, Al-Selwey WA, Ahmed HMH, Khan N, Seleiman MF. Induction of Systemic Resistance in Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:789. [PMID: 37372074 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of inducing systemic resistance in roselle against root rot and wilt diseases was investigated using biotic and abiotic inducers. The biotic inducers included three biocontrol agents (i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Gliocladium catenulatum, and Trichoderma asperellum) and two biofertilizers (i.e., microbein and mycorrhizeen), while the abiotic inducers included three chemical materials (i.e., ascorbic acid, potassium silicate, and salicylic acid). In addition, preliminary in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the tested inducers on the growth of pathogenic fungi. The results show that G. catenulatum was the most efficient biocontrol agent. It reduced the linear growth of Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Macrophomina phaseolina by 76.1, 73.4, and 73.2%, respectively, followed by B. subtilis by 71.4, 69, and 68.3%, respectively. Similarly, potassium silicate was the most effective chemical inducer followed by salicylic acid, each at 2000 ppm. They reduced the linear growth of F. solani by 62.3 and 55.7%; M. phaseolina by 60.7 and 53.1%; and F. oxysporum by 60.3 and 53%, respectively. In the greenhouse, all inducers applied as a seed treatment and/or foliar spray strongly limited the development of root rot and wilt diseases. In this regard, G. catenulatum, at 1 × 109 CFU mL-1, achieved the highest values of disease control, followed by B. subtilis; while T. asperellum, at 1 × 105 CFU mL-1, recorded the lowest values. In addition, the plants treated with potassium silicate followed by salicylic acid, each at 4 g/L, recorded the highest disease control compared to ascorbic acid at 1 g/L, which had the lowest values. The mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein (at 10 g/kg seeds) was the most effective compared to either of them alone. All treatments, applied alone or in combination in the field, significantly reduced the incidence of diseases. The most effective treatments were a mixture of G. catenulatum (Gc) + Bacillus subtilis (Bs) + Trichoderma asperellum (Ta); a mixture of ascorbic acid (AA) + potassium silicate (PS) + and salicylic (SA); G. catenulatum; potassium silicate; and a mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein. Rhizolix T had the highest disease-reducing efficacy. In response to the treatments, significant improvements in growth and yield, changes in biochemicals, and increased activities of defense enzymes were achieved. This research points to the activity of some biotic and abiotic inducers that can play a vital role in managing the root rot and wilt of roselle through the induction of systemic plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada F A Ahmed
- Department of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza P.O. Box 12619, Egypt
| | - Sameh Elnaggar
- Department of Botany (Plant Pathology), Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum P.O. Box 63514, Egypt
| | - Gomaa A Abdel-Wahed
- Department of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza P.O. Box 12619, Egypt
| | - Ragab S Taha
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadei A Al-Selwey
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda M H Ahmed
- Department of Botany (Plant Pathology), Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum P.O. Box 63514, Egypt
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mahmoud F Seleiman
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Karczyński P, Orłowska A, Kępczyńska E. Two Medicago truncatula growth-promoting rhizobacteria capable of limiting in vitro growth of the Fusarium soil-borne pathogens modulate defense genes expression. Planta 2023; 257:118. [PMID: 37173556 PMCID: PMC10181981 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION PGPRs: P. fluorescens Ms9N and S. maltophilia Ll4 inhibit in vitro growth of three legume fungal pathogens from the genus Fusarium. One or both trigger up-regulation of some genes (CHIT, GLU, PAL, MYB, WRKY) in M. truncatula roots and leaves in response to soil inoculation. Pseudomonas fluorescens (referred to as Ms9N; GenBank accession No. MF618323, not showing chitinase activity) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Ll4; GenBank accession No. MF624721, showing chitinase activity), previously identified as promoting growth rhizobacteria of Medicago truncatula, were found, during an in vitro experiment, to exert an inhibitory effect on three soil-borne fungi: Fusarium culmorum Cul-3, F. oxysporum 857 and F. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis strain CBS 179.29, responsible for serious diseases of most legumes including M. truncatula. S. maltophilia was more active than P. fluorescens in suppressing the mycelium growth of two out of three Fusarium strains. Both bacteria showed β-1,3-glucanase activity which was about 5 times higher in P. fluorescens than in S. maltophilia. Upon soil treatment with a bacterial suspension, both bacteria, but particularly S. maltophilia, brought about up-regulation of plant genes encoding chitinases (MtCHITII, MtCHITIV, MtCHITV), glucanases (MtGLU) and phenylalanine ammonia lyases (MtPAL2, MtPAL4, MtPAL5). Moreover, the bacteria up-regulate some genes from the MYB (MtMYB74, MtMYB102) and WRKY (MtWRKY6, MtWRKY29, MtWRKY53, MtWRKY70) families which encode TFs in M. truncatula roots and leaves playing multiple roles in plants, including a defense response. The effect depended on the bacterium species and the plant organ. This study provides novel information about effects of two M. truncatula growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains and suggests that both have a potential to be candidates for PGPR inoculant products on account of their ability to inhibit in vitro growth of Fusarium directly and indirectly by up-regulation of some defense priming markers such as CHIT, GLU and PAL genes in plants. This is also the first study of the expression of some MYB and WRKY genes in roots and leaves of M. truncatula upon soil treatment with two PGPR suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Karczyński
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Orłowska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kępczyńska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland.
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Wang J, Liu S, Ren P, Jia F, Kang F, Wang R, Xue R, Yan X, Huang L. A novel protein elicitor (PeSy1) from Saccharothrix yanglingensis induces plant resistance and interacts with a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase in Nicotiana benthamiana. Mol Plant Pathol 2023; 24:436-451. [PMID: 36872468 PMCID: PMC10098051 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a rare actinomycete Saccharothrix yanglingensis Hhs.015 with strong biocontrol ability, which can colonize plant tissues and induce resistance, but the key elicitor and immune mechanisms were unclear. In this study, a novel protein elicitor screened from the genome of Hhs.015, PeSy1 (protein elicitor of S. yanglingensis 1), could induce a strong hypersensitive response (HR) and resistance in plants. The PeSy1 gene encodes an 11 kDa protein with 109 amino acids that is conserved in Saccharothrix species. PeSy1-His recombinant protein induced early defence events such as a cellular reactive oxygen species burst, callose deposition, and the activation of defence hormone signalling pathways, which enhanced Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora capsici, and Solanum lycopersicum resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Through pull-down and mass spectrometry, candidate proteins that interacted with PeSy1 were obtained from N. benthamiana. We confirmed the interaction between receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase RSy1 (Response to PeSy1) and PeSy1 using co-immunoprecipitation, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and microscale thermophoresis. PeSy1 treatment promoted up-regulation of marker genes in pattern-triggered immunity. The cell death it elicited was dependent on the co-receptors NbBAK1 and NbSOBIR1, suggesting that PeSy1 acts as a microbe-associated molecular pattern from Hhs.015. Additionally, RSy1 positively regulated PeSy1-induced plants resistant to S. sclerotiorum. In conclusion, our results demonstrated a novel receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase in the plant perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns, and the potential of PeSy1 in induced resistance provided a new strategy for biological control of actinomycetes in agricultural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Wang
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shang Liu
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Peng Ren
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Fengguo Jia
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Feng Kang
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ruolin Wang
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Renzheng Xue
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xia Yan
- College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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Badmi R, Tengs T, Brurberg MB, Elameen A, Zhang Y, Haugland LK, Fossdal CG, Hytönen T, Krokene P, Thorstensen T. Transcriptional profiling of defense responses to Botrytis cinerea infection in leaves of Fragaria vesca plants soil-drenched with β-aminobutyric acid. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1025422. [PMID: 36570914 PMCID: PMC9772985 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grey mold caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea can affect leaves, flowers, and berries of strawberry, causing severe pre- and postharvest damage. The defense elicitor β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is reported to induce resistance against B. cinerea and many other pathogens in several crop plants. Surprisingly, BABA soil drench of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) plants two days before B. cinerea inoculation caused increased infection in leaf tissues, suggesting that BABA induce systemic susceptibility in F. vesca. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in B. cinerea susceptibility in leaves of F. vesca plants soil drenched with BABA, we used RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptional reprogramming 24 h post-inoculation. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in infected vs. uninfected leaf tissue in BABA-treated plants was 5205 (2237 upregulated and 2968 downregulated). Upregulated genes were involved in pathogen recognition, defense response signaling, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (terpenoid and phenylpropanoid pathways), while downregulated genes were involved in photosynthesis and response to auxin. In control plants not treated with BABA, we found a total of 5300 DEGs (2461 upregulated and 2839 downregulated) after infection. Most of these corresponded to those in infected leaves of BABA-treated plants but a small subset of DEGs, including genes involved in 'response to biologic stimulus', 'photosynthesis' and 'chlorophyll biosynthesis and metabolism', differed significantly between treatments and could play a role in the induced susceptibility of BABA-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Badmi
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Torstein Tengs
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - May Bente Brurberg
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Abdelhameed Elameen
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Lisa Karine Haugland
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Carl Gunnar Fossdal
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Timo Hytönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, National Institute of Agricultural Botany- East Malling Research Station, East Malling, United Kingdom
| | - Paal Krokene
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Tage Thorstensen
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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Tripathi R, Vishunavat K, Tewari R, Kumar S, Minkina T, De Corato U, Keswani C. Defense Inducers Mediated Mitigation of Bacterial Canker in Tomato through Alteration in Oxidative Stress Markers. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2160. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial canker disease of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) has been reported to adversely affect the tomato cultivation in the NE hilly regions of India. Defense inducers such as salicylic acid (SA), isonicotinic acid (INA), benzothiadiazole (BTH) and lysozyme were used as prophylactic and curative sprays at different concentrations to test their efficacy in inducing resistance in tomato plants against Cmm under protected conditions. The induced resistance was studied through the alteration in the activities of oxidative stress marker enzymes (PAL, PO, PPO, TPC and PR-2 protein), hydrogen peroxide formation in leaf tissues and lignin accumulation in stem tissues, as well as through the reduction in disease severity under glasshouse conditions. The results of the present study revealed that the enzymatic activity, hydrogen peroxide formation and lignin production were significantly higher in the BTH (500 ppm)-treated leaves than in those observed in the control. The lowest disease incidence was recorded when BTH was applied as a prophylactic spray (27.88%) in comparison to being applied as a curative spray (53.62%), thereby suggesting that a defense inducer, BTH, shows antibacterial activity against Cmm, reduces disease incidence severity and induces defense responses in the tomato plant.
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11
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Přerovská T, Jindřichová B, Henke S, Yvin JC, Ferrieres V, Burketová L, Lipovová P, Nguema-Ona E. Arabinogalactan Protein-Like Proteins From Ulva lactuca Activate Immune Responses and Plant Resistance in an Oilseed Crop. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:893858. [PMID: 35668790 PMCID: PMC9164130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.893858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural compounds isolated from macroalgae are promising, ecofriendly, and multifunctional bioinoculants, which have been tested and used in agriculture. Ulvans, for instance, one of the major polysaccharides present in Ulva spp. cell walls, have been tested for their plant growth-promoting properties as well as their ability to activate plant immune defense, on a large variety of crops. Recently, we have characterized for the first time an arabinogalactan protein-like (AGP-like) from Ulva lactuca, which exhibits several features associated to land plant AGPs. In land plant, AGPs were shown to play a role in several plant biological functions, including cell morphogenesis, reproduction, and plant-microbe interactions. Thus, isolated AGP-like proteins may be good candidates for either the plant growth-promoting properties or the activation of plant immune defense. Here, we have isolated an AGP-like enriched fraction from Ulva lactuca and we have evaluated its ability to (i) protect oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cotyledons against Leptosphaeria maculans, and (ii) its ability to activate immune responses. Preventive application of the Ulva AGP-like enriched fraction on oilseed rape, followed by cotyledon inoculation with the fungal hemibiotroph L. maculans, resulted in a major reduction of infection propagation. The noticed reduction correlated with an accumulation of H2O2 in treated cotyledons and with the activation of SA and ET signaling pathways in oilseed rape cotyledons. In parallel, an ulvan was also isolated from Ulva lactuca. Preventive application of ulvan also enhanced plant resistance against L. maculans. Surprisingly, reduction of infection severity was only observed at high concentration of ulvan. Here, no such significant changes in gene expression and H2O2 production were observed. Together, this study indicates that U. lactuca AGP-like glycoproteins exhibit promising elicitor activity and that plant eliciting properties of Ulva extract, might result not only from an ulvan-originated eliciting activities, but also AGP-like originated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Přerovská
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Barbora Jindřichová
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Svatopluk Henke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Agro Innovation International TIMAC AGRO, Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Pôle Stress Biotique, Saint Malo, France
| | - Vincent Ferrieres
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Lenka Burketová
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Lipovová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eric Nguema-Ona
- Agro Innovation International TIMAC AGRO, Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Pôle Stress Biotique, Saint Malo, France
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Caro MDP, Venturuzzi AL, Moschen S, Salazar SM, Díaz-Ricci JC, Asurmendi S. A fungal protease named AsES triggers antiviral immune responses and effectively restricts virus infection in arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Ann Bot 2022; 129:593-606. [PMID: 35134835 PMCID: PMC9007096 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to fight against pathogens. Among these mechanisms, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) relies on the recognition of conserved microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs or PAMPs, respectively) by membrane-bound receptors. Indeed, PTI restricts virus infection in plants and, in addition, BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1), a central regulator of PTI, plays a role in antiviral resistance. However, the compounds that trigger antiviral defences, along with their molecular mechanisms of action, remain mostly elusive. Herein, we explore the role of a fungal extracellular subtilase named AsES in its capacity to trigger antiviral responses. METHODS In this study, we obtained AsES by recombinant expression, and evaluated and characterized its capacity to trigger antiviral responses against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) by performing time course experiments, analysing gene expression, virus movement and callose deposition. KEY RESULTS The results of this study provide direct evidence that exogenous treatment with recombinant AsES increases a state of resistance against TMV infection, in both arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Also, the antiviral PTI response exhibited by AsES in arabidopsis is mediated by the BAK1/SERK3 and BKK1/SERK4 co-receptors. Moreover, AsES requires a fully active salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway to restrict the TMV movement by inducing callose deposition. Additionally, treatment with PSP1, a biostimulant based on AsES as the active compound, showed an increased resistance against TMV in N. benthamiana and tobacco plants. CONCLUSIONS AsES is a fungal serine protease which triggers antiviral responses relying on a conserved mechanism by means of the SA signalling pathway and could be exploited as an effective and sustainable biotechnology strategy for viral disease management in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Pilar Caro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, Hurlingham B1686IGC, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta Provincial 301 Km 32, Tucumán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Andrea Laura Venturuzzi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, Hurlingham B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Moschen
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta Provincial 301 Km 32, Tucumán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sergio Miguel Salazar
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta Provincial 301 Km 32, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz-Ricci
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica ‘Dr. Bernabé Bloj’, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Asurmendi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, Hurlingham B1686IGC, Argentina
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13
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Iula G, Miras-moreno B, Rouphael Y, Lucini L, Trevisan M. The Complex Metabolomics Crosstalk Triggered by Four Molecular Elicitors in Tomato. Plants 2022; 11:678. [PMID: 35270148 PMCID: PMC8912670 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The elicitation of plant secondary metabolism may offer interesting opportunities in the framework of sustainable approaches in plant science and in terms of their ability to prime resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. The broad metabolic reprogramming triggered by different molecular elicitors, namely salicylate (SA), polyamines (PAs), and chitosan, was comprehensively investigated using a metabolomics approach and the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as the model crop. Six different treatments were compared: a negative control (no treatments), a second negative control treated with 1 M acetic acid (the reference for chitosan, since chitosan was solubilized in acetic acid), and four molecular elicitors, 1 mM 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTH, a positive control), 10 mg/mL chitosan, 0.01 mM SA, and a 0.1 mM PA (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine). All treatments determined a slight increase in biomass, in particular following PA treatment. A broad reprogramming of secondary metabolism could be observed, including membrane lipid remodeling, phenylpropanoid antioxidants, and phytohormone crosstalk. Overall, our results suggest that PAs, SA, and BTH shared a systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-related response, whereas chitosan induced a more distinct induced systemic resistance (ISR)-like jasmonate-related response. These results pave the way towards the possible use of elicitors as a sustainable tool in plant science and agriculture by increasing crop resilience to biotic and abiotic stressors without detrimental effects on plant biomass.
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14
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Saberi Riseh R, Gholizadeh Vazvani M, Ebrahimi-Zarandi M, Skorik YA. Alginate-Induced Disease Resistance in Plants. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:661. [PMID: 35215573 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to a wide range of pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses; therefore, survival under these conditions requires a sophisticated defense system. The activation of defense responses and related signals in plants is regulated mainly by the hormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. Resistance to pathogen infection can be induced in plants by various biotic and abiotic agents. For many years, the use of abiotic plant resistance inducers has been considered in integrated disease management programs. Recently, natural inducer compounds, such as alginates, have become a focus of interest due to their environmentally friendly nature and their ability to stimulate plant defense mechanisms and enhance growth. Polysaccharides and the oligosaccharides derived from them are examples of eco-compatible compounds that can enhance plant growth while also inducing plant resistance against pathogens and triggering the expression of the salicylic acid-dependent defense pathway.
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15
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Meena M, Yadav G, Sonigra P, Nagda A, Mehta T, Zehra A, Swapnil P. Role of Microbial Bioagents as Elicitors in Plant Defense Regulation. Transcription Factors for Biotic Stress Tolerance in Plants 2022:103-128. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12990-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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16
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Romero-Rincón A, Martínez ST, Higuera BL, Coy-Barrera E, Ardila HD. Flavonoid biosynthesis in Dianthus caryophyllus L. is early regulated during interaction with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi. Phytochemistry 2021; 192:112933. [PMID: 34482105 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rooted cuttings from two carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars showing contrasting responses to the vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (Fod) were inoculated with this phytopathogen, and some of the biochemical responses associated with flavonoid biosynthesis were investigated in the roots. The resistant cultivar ('Golem') showed a significant increase in the levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds at 48-96 h post-inoculation (hpi) (α = 0.05). LC-MS-based analysis indicated that the flavonoids mainly included flavanol-type glycosides, especially quercetin and kaempferol aglycones. Quantification of the mRNA levels of genes encoding CHS (Chalcone Synthase), CHI (Chalcone Isomerase), FLS (Flavonol Synthase), and the transcription factor MYB11 by using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) indicated that the resistant cultivar exhibited higher expression levels of these genes and, therefore, showed more flavonoid accumulation at 96 hpi. The differences in the temporal regulation of the assessed variables during infection support the idea that the early expression of enzymes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in carnation roots is linked to a resistance response to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Fod race 2. The present experimental approach is the first report describing the molecular mechanisms underlying flavonoid biosynthesis in carnation roots during their interaction with Fod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Romero-Rincón
- Laboratory Research in Vegetal Metabolic Activities, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia; Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, 250247, Colombia
| | - Sixta Tulia Martínez
- Laboratory Research in Vegetal Metabolic Activities, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Blanca Ligia Higuera
- Laboratory Research in Vegetal Metabolic Activities, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, 250247, Colombia
| | - Harold Duban Ardila
- Laboratory Research in Vegetal Metabolic Activities, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia.
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17
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Lally RD, Donaleshen K, Chirwa U, Eastridge K, Saintilnord W, Dickinson E, Murphy R, Borst S, Horgan K, Dawson K. Transcriptomic Response of Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus sinensis Following Field Application of a Microbial Fermentation Product. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:754391. [PMID: 34917102 PMCID: PMC8669595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most destructive disease in Citrus production and threatens the future of the industry. Microbial-derived defense elicitors have gained recognition for their role in plant defense priming. This work assessed a 5% (V/V) microbial fermentation application (MFA) and its role in the elicitation of defense responses in HLB-infected Citrus sinensis trees following a foliar application with a pump sprayer. Using a PCR detection method, HLB infection levels were monitored in healthy and infected trees for 20months. Nutrient analysis assessed N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, B, and Cu concentrations in the trees. MFA significantly increased Cu concentrations in treated trees and resulted in the stabilization of disease index (DI) in infected trees. Initial real-time qPCR analysis of defense-associated genes showed a significant increase in pathogenesis-related protein 2 (PR2) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene expression in healthy and HLB-infected trees in response to MFA. Gene expression of PR2 and PAL peaked 6h post-microbial fermentation application during an 8-h sampling period. A transcriptomic assessment using GeneChip microarray of the hour 6 samples revealed differential expression of 565 genes when MFA was applied to healthy trees and 909 genes when applied infected citrus trees when compared to their respective controls. There were 403 uniquely differentially expressed genes in response to MFA following an intersectional analysis of both healthy and infected citrus trees. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that several genes associated with plant development, growth, and defense were upregulated in response to MFA, including multiple PR genes, lignin formation genes, ROS-related genes, hormone synthases, and hormone regulators. This study provides further evidence that MFA may play an important role as a plant elicitor in an integrated pest management strategy in citrus and other agronomically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wesley Saintilnord
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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18
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Grellet-Bournonville CF, Di Peto PDLÁ, Cerviño Dowling AM, Castagnaro AP, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Díaz Ricci JC, Mamaní AI, Filippone MP. Seasonal Variation of Plant Defense Inductor Ellagitannins in Strawberry Leaves under Field Conditions for Phytosanitary Technological Applications. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:12424-12432. [PMID: 34649430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many natural compounds can activate the plant immunity, and for this reason, they have attracted special interest in crop disease management. Previously, we isolated from strawberry leaves an ellagitannin (HeT), which elicits plant defense responses. In this research, we investigated bioactive compounds from field-collected strawberry leaves capable of inducing defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana against a bacterial pathogen. Methanolic extracts of strawberry leaves sampled at different months were obtained and compared. The highest content of total soluble phenolic compounds was found in the methanolic extracts of leaves sampled in December (DME). The defense response induced in A. thaliana by DME was attributed to two ellagitannins, the HeT and galloyl-HHDP-glucose. Both compounds exhibited phytoprotective effects against Pseudomonas viridiflava and induced the expression of PDF1.2 and PR1 genes. These results provide an economic value to strawberry leaves, normally discarded at the end of the harvest stage of the crop, as a raw material for plant health enhancer bioinputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Grellet-Bournonville
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán T4101, Argentina
| | - Pía de Los Ángeles Di Peto
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán T4101, Argentina
| | - Ana M Cerviño Dowling
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán T4101, Argentina
| | - Atilio P Castagnaro
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán T4101, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Juan C Díaz Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - Alicia I Mamaní
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia (FAZ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - María P Filippone
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán T4101, Argentina
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19
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Tundo S, Paccanaro MC, Bigini V, Savatin DV, Faoro F, Favaron F, Sella L. The Fusarium graminearum FGSG_03624 Xylanase Enhances Plant Immunity and Increases Resistance against Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10811. [PMID: 34639149 PMCID: PMC8509205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal enzymes degrading the plant cell wall, such as xylanases, can activate plant immune responses. The Fusarium graminearum FGSG_03624 xylanase, previously shown to elicit necrosis and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in wheat, was investigated for its ability to induce disease resistance. To this aim, we transiently and constitutively expressed an enzymatically inactive form of FGSG_03624 in tobacco and Arabidopsis, respectively. The plants were challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci or pv. maculicola and Botrytis cinerea. Symptom reduction by the bacterium was evident, while no reduction was observed after B. cinerea inoculation. Compared to the control, the presence of the xylanase gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants did not alter the basal expression of a set of defense-related genes, and, after the P. syringae inoculation, a prolonged PR1 expression was detected. F. graminearum inoculation experiments of durum wheat spikes exogenously treated with the FGSG_03624 xylanase highlighted a reduction of symptoms in the early phases of infection and a lower fungal biomass accumulation than in the control. Besides, callose deposition was detected in infected spikes previously treated with the xylanase and not in infected control plants. In conclusion, our results highlight the ability of FGSG_03624 to enhance plant immunity, thus decreasing disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Chiara Paccanaro
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Valentina Bigini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy; (V.B.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Daniel V. Savatin
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy; (V.B.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Franco Faoro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, MI, Italy;
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.P.); (F.F.)
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Fu R, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Wang L, Wang S, Li J, Zhang J. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling revealed the role of succinoglycan Riclin octaose in eliciting the defense response of Solanum tuberosum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7439-7450. [PMID: 34536104 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Activating the defense response of plants by elicitors provides a promising method for biocontrol of pathogens. The homogeneous octaose (RiOc) which was depolymerized from the succinoglycan Riclin was investigated as a novel elicitor to activate the immune system of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). After foliar spray, RiOc quickly induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in potato leaves in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 2712 out of 30,863 genes were differentially expressed at the early stage (24 h), while 367 of them were changed later (72 h). Results from the transcriptome and quantitative RT-PCR suggested that RiOc was probably perceived by the receptor LYK3 and it activated the MKK2/3/9/-MPK6/7 signaling cascade and promoted the salicylic acid-mediated defense response. Meanwhile, RiOc changed the metabolome profile of potato leaves over time as demonstrated by the 1H NMR-based metabolomic analysis. Homeostasis of amino acids was affected at the early stage while the secondary metabolism was strengthened later. More importantly, RiOc significantly reduced the severity of potato leaf lesions caused by the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. In conclusion, RiOc effectively improved the resistance of potato to P. infestans by eliciting the salicylic acid-mediated defense response. RiOc becomes a promising carbohydrate-based elicitor for biocontrol of plant pathogens. KEY POINTS: • Homogeneous Riclin octaose was a novel elicitor for biocontrol of plant pathogens. • Riclin octaose primed the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of potato plants. • Riclin octaose changed the metabolome profile of potato leaves over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Fu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China. .,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
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21
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Baiyin B, Tagawa K, Yamada M, Wang X, Yamada S, Shao Y, An P, Yamamoto S, Ibaraki Y. Effect of Nutrient Solution Flow Rate on Hydroponic Plant Growth and Root Morphology. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1840. [PMID: 34579376 PMCID: PMC8465728 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Crop production under hydroponic environments has many advantages, yet the effects of solution flow rate on plant growth remain unclear. We conducted a hydroponic cultivation study using different flow rates under light-emitting diode lighting to investigate plant growth, nutrient uptake, and root morphology under different flow rates. Swiss chard plants were grown hydroponically under four nutrient solution flow rates (2 L/min, 4 L/min, 6 L/min, and 8 L/min). After 21 days, harvested plants were analyzed for root and shoot fresh weight, root and shoot dry weight, root morphology, and root cellulose and hemicellulose content. We found that suitable flow rates, acting as a eustress, gave the roots appropriate mechanical stimulation to promote root growth, absorb more nutrients, and increase overall plant growth. Conversely, excess flow rates acted as a distress that caused the roots to become compact and inhibited root surface area and root growth. Excess flow rate thereby resulted in a lower root surface area that translated to reduced nutrient ion absorption and poorer plant growth compared with plans cultured under a suitable flow rate. Our results indicate that regulating flow rate can regulate plant thigmomorphogenesis and nutrient uptake, ultimately affecting hydroponic crop quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bateer Baiyin
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan;
| | - Kotaro Tagawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Mina Yamada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yang Shao
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Ping An
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Sadahiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yasuomi Ibaraki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan;
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22
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Gutiérrez-gamboa G, Mateluna-cuadra R, Díaz-gálvez I, Mejía N, Verdugo-vásquez N. Methyl Jasmonate Applications in Viticulture: A Tool to Increase the Content of Flavonoids and Stilbenes in Grapes and Wines. Horticulturae 2021; 7:133. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7060133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the interest in methyl jasmonate (MeJ) has increased in viticulture due to its effects on the synthesis of phenolic secondary metabolites in grapes, especially of anthocyanins, flavonols, and stilbenes derivatives, naturally occurring or synthesized, in berries in response to MeJ application to grapevines. These metabolites help to define sensory characteristics of wines by contributing to their color, flavor and mouthfeel properties, and to derive potential beneficial health effects due to their consumption. This review offers an overview of the importance of these phenolic compounds in grape and wine quality, in association with the MeJ supplementation to grapevines, and also considers their natural biosynthesis in grapes. On the other hand, this review describes the adaptation mechanisms induced after the grapevine elicitation. In addition, this report addresses the effects of MeJ over other aspects of Vitis immunity and its association with phenolic compounds and summarizes the recently published reports about the effects of exogenous MeJ applications to grapevines on grape and wine quality.
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Bénéjam J, Ravon E, Gaucher M, Brisset MN, Durel CE, Perchepied L. Acibenzolar- S-Methyl and Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci Complement Each Other to Control Apple Scab and Fire Blight. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1702-1710. [PMID: 33190613 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1439-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diversifying disease control methods is a key strategy to sustainably reduce pesticides. Plant genetic resistance has long been used to create resistant varieties. Plant resistance inducers (PRI) are also considered to promote crop health, but their effectiveness is partial and can vary according to the environment and the plant genotype. We investigated the putative interaction between intrinsic (genetic) and PRI-induced resistance in apple when affected by scab and fire blight diseases. A large F1 mapping population was challenged by each disease after a pre-treatment with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and compared with the water control. Apple scab and fire blight resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected in both conditions and compared. ASM exhibited a strong effectiveness in reducing both diseases. When combined, QTL-controlled and ASM-induced resistance acted complementarily to reduce the symptoms from 85 to 100%, depending on the disease. In our conditions, resistance QTLs were only slightly or rarely affected by ASM treatment, despite their probable implication in various stages of the resistance buildup. Implications of these results are discussed considering already known results, the underlying mechanisms, cross protection of both types of resistance against pathogen adaptation, and practical application in orchard conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bénéjam
- Univ Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Elisa Ravon
- Univ Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Matthieu Gaucher
- Univ Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Charles-Eric Durel
- Univ Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Laure Perchepied
- Univ Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
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Kumar R, Mukherjee PK. Trichoderma virens Bys1 may competitively inhibit its own effector protein Alt a 1 to stabilize the symbiotic relationship with plant-evidence from docking and simulation studies. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:144. [PMID: 33708467 PMCID: PMC7910336 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungi Trichoderma spp. are widely used for plant growth promotion and disease control. They form stable symbiosis-like relationship with roots. Unlike plant pathogens and mycorrhizae, the molecular events leading to the development of this association is not well understood. Pathogens deploy effector proteins to suppress or evade plant defence. Indirect evidences suggest that Trichoderma spp. can also deploy effector-like proteins to suppress plant defence favouring colonization of roots. Here, using computer simulation, we provide evidence that Trichoderma virens may deploy analogues of host defence proteins to "neutralize" its own effector protein to minimize damage to host tissues, as one of the mechanisms to achieve a stable symbiotic relationship with plants. We provide evidence that T. virens Bys1 protein has a structure similar to plant PR5/thaumatin-like protein and can bind Alt a 1 with a very high affinity, which might lead to the inactivation of its own effector protein. We have, for the first time, predicted a fungal protein that is a competitive inhibitor of a fungal effector protein deployed by many pathogenic fungi to suppress plant defence, and this protein/gene can potentially be used to enhance plant defence through transgenic or other approaches. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02652-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Prasun K. Mukherjee
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
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Drira M, Elleuch J, Ben Hlima H, Hentati F, Gardarin C, Rihouey C, Le Cerf D, Michaud P, Abdelkafi S, Fendri I. Optimization of Exopolysaccharides Production by Porphyridium sordidum and Their Potential to Induce Defense Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana against Fusarium oxysporum. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020282. [PMID: 33672873 PMCID: PMC7918794 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from marine algae are one novel source of plant defense elicitors for alternative and eco-friendly plant protection against phytopathogens. The effect of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Porphyridium sordidum on elicitation of Arabidopsis thaliana defense responses against Fusarium oxysporum was evaluated. Firstly, in order to enhance EPS production, a Box-Behnken experimental design was carried out to optimize NaCl, NaNO3 and MgSO4 concentrations in the culture medium of microalgae. A maximum EPS production (2.45 g/L) higher than that of the control (0.7 g/L) was observed for 41.62 g/L NaCl, 0.63 g/L NaNO3 and 7.2 g/L MgSO4 concentrations. Structurally, the EPS contained mainly galactose, xylose and glucose. Secondly, the elicitor effect of EPS was evaluated by investigating the plant defense-related signaling pathways that include activation of Salicylic or Jasmonic Acid-dependent pathway genes. A solution of 2 mg/mL of EPS has led to the control of fungal growth by the plant. Results showed that EPS foliar application induced phenylalaline ammonia lyase and H2O2 accumulation. Expression profile analysis of the defense-related genes using qRT-PCR revealed the up-regulation of Superoxide dismutases (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) and Cytochrome P450 monooxyge-nase (CYP), while Catalase (CAT) and Plant defensin 1.2 (PDF1.2) were not induced. Results suggest that EPS may induce the elicitation of A. thaliana's defense response against F. oxysporum, activating the Salicylic Acid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Drira
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia;
| | - Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; (J.E.); (H.B.H.); (F.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; (J.E.); (H.B.H.); (F.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Faiez Hentati
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; (J.E.); (H.B.H.); (F.H.); (S.A.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Christine Gardarin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.R.); (D.L.C.)
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.R.); (D.L.C.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; (J.E.); (H.B.H.); (F.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia;
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (I.F.)
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García-Villaraco A, Boukerma L, Lucas JA, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ, Ramos-Solano B. Tomato Bio-Protection Induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 Involves ROS Scavenging Enzymes and PRs, without Compromising Plant Growth. Plants 2021; 10:plants10020331. [PMID: 33572123 PMCID: PMC7916082 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: to discover the interrelationship between growth, protection and photosynthesis induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 in tomato (Lycopersicum sculentum) challenged with the leaf pathogen Xanthomonas campestris, and to define its priming fingerprint. Methods: Photosynthesis was determined by fluorescence; plant protection was evaluated by relative disease incidence, enzyme activities by specific colorimetric assays and gene expression by qPCR. Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging cycle enzymes and pathogenesis related protein activity and expression were determined as metabolic and genetic markers of induction of systemic resistance. Results: N21.4 significantly protected plants and increased dry weight. Growth increase is supported by significant increases in photochemical quenching together with significant decreases in energy dissipation (Non-Photochemical Quenching, NPQ). Protection was associated with changes in ROS scavenging cycle enzymes, which were significantly increased on N21.4 + pathogen challenged plants, supporting the priming effect. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was a good indicator of biotic stress, showing similar levels in pathogen- and N21.4-treated plants. Similarly, the activity of defense-related enzymes, ß-1,3-glucanase and chitinase significantly increased in post-pathogen challenge state; changes in gene expression were not coupled to activity. Conclusions: protection does not compromise plant growth; N21.4 priming fingerprint is defined by enhanced photochemical quenching and decreased energy dissipation, enhanced chlorophylls, primed ROS scavenging cycle enzyme activity, and glucanase and chitinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García-Villaraco
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, P.O. Box 67, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (L.B.); (J.A.L.); (F.J.G.-M.)
| | - Lamia Boukerma
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, P.O. Box 67, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (L.B.); (J.A.L.); (F.J.G.-M.)
- Laboratoire National de Recherche en Ressources Génétiques et Biotechnologies, ENSA (ES1603), Al Harrach 16131, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Protection et de Valorisation de Ressources Agro-Biologiques, Faculté SNV, Université Saad Dahleb Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Jose Antonio Lucas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, P.O. Box 67, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (L.B.); (J.A.L.); (F.J.G.-M.)
| | - Francisco Javier Gutierrez-Mañero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, P.O. Box 67, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (L.B.); (J.A.L.); (F.J.G.-M.)
| | - Beatriz Ramos-Solano
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, P.O. Box 67, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (L.B.); (J.A.L.); (F.J.G.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-3724785; Fax: +34-91-3510496
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Garde-Cerdán T, Rubio-Bretón P, Pérez-Álvarez EP. Effects on must and wine volatile composition after biostimulation with a brown alga to Tempranillo grapevines in two seasons. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:525-535. [PMID: 32657431 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seaweed application has been defined as a novel technique capable of improving the content of secondary metabolites in berries. There is limited available information about its effects on must and wine volatile composition. This field trial aimed to study the effects of biostimulation to Tempranillo grapevines through an Ascophyllum nodosum fertilizer applied at a low dosage (Ld) and high dosage (Hd) on must and wine volatile compounds over two seasons. RESULTS Ld treatment scarcely affected must and wine volatile compounds in both seasons. Hd foliar application increased the content in musts of several individual terpenoids, C13 norisoprenoids, esters, benzenoids, alcohols, carbonyl compounds and C6 compounds in 2018. Must yeast assimilable nitrogen conditioned the production of wine volatile compounds. CONCLUSION These results suggest that seaweeds applications can act as elicitors in Tempranillo, triggering the synthesis of several compounds by the plant in musts during a season with a high rainfall and relative humidity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
- Grupo VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Teresa Garde-Cerdán
- Grupo VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Pilar Rubio-Bretón
- Grupo VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Eva P Pérez-Álvarez
- Grupo VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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Rachidi F, Benhima R, Kasmi Y, Sbabou L, Arroussi HE. Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches. Sci Rep 2021; 11:930. [PMID: 33441599 PMCID: PMC7806925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgal polysaccharides (PSs) may be an effective elicitor agent that can efficiently protect plants against biotic stresses. In this study, wee investigates, the effect of PS obtained from microalgae and cyanobacteria (D. salina MS002, P. tricorontum MS023, Porphyridium sp. MS081, Desmodesmus sp., D. salina MS067 and A. platensis MS001) on the biochemical and metabolomics markers linked to defense pathways in tomato plants. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, 1,3-beta-glucanase and peroxidase (POX) activities have been improved in tomato plants leaves treated by polysaccharides extracted from P. triocnutum (238.26%); Desmodesmus sp. (19.95%); P. triocnutum (137.50%) and Porphyridium sp. (47.28%) respectively. For proteins, polyphenols and H2O2, the maximum effect was induced by D. salina 067 (55.01%), Porphyridium sp. (3.97%) and A. platensis (35.08%) respectively. On the other hand, Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics analysis showed that PSs induced the modification of metabolite profile involved in the wax construction of tomato leaves, such as fatty acids, alkanes, alkenes and phytosterol. PS treatments improved the accumulation of fatty acids C16:3, C18:2 and C18:3 released from the membrane lipids as precursors of oxylipin biosynthesis which are signaling molecules of plant defense. In addition, PS treatment induced the accumulation of C18:0 and Azelaic acid which is a regulator of salicylic acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance. However, molecular and metabolic studies can determine more precisely the mode of action of microalgal polysaccharides as biostimulants/elicitors plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Rachidi
- Green Biotechnology Center, MASCIR (Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research), Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli Madinat Al Irfane, 10 100, Rabat, Morocco
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Redouane Benhima
- Green Biotechnology Center, MASCIR (Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research), Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli Madinat Al Irfane, 10 100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassine Kasmi
- Green Biotechnology Center, MASCIR (Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research), Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli Madinat Al Irfane, 10 100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Laila Sbabou
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham El Arroussi
- Green Biotechnology Center, MASCIR (Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research), Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli Madinat Al Irfane, 10 100, Rabat, Morocco.
- Agrobiosciences Program, University Mohamed 6 polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco.
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Molisso D, Coppola M, Aprile AM, Avitabile C, Natale R, Romanelli A, Chiaiese P, Rao R. Colonization of Solanum melongena and Vitis vinifera Plants by Botrytis cinerea Is Strongly Reduced by the Exogenous Application of Tomato Systemin. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 7:15. [PMID: 33383908 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant defense peptides are able to control immune barriers and represent a potential novel resource for crop protection. One of the best-characterized plant peptides is tomato Systemin (Sys) an octadecapeptide synthesized as part of a larger precursor protein. Upon pest attack, Sys interacts with a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, systemin receptor SYR, activating a complex intracellular signaling pathway that leads to the wound response. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the direct delivery of the peptide to Solanum melongena and Vitis vinifera plants protects from the agent of Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea). The observed disease tolerance is associated with the increase of total soluble phenolic content, the activation of antioxidant enzymes, and the up-regulation of defense-related genes in plants treated with the peptide. Our results suggest that in treated plants, the biotic defense system is triggered by the Sys signaling pathway as a consequence of Sys interaction with a SYR-like receptor recently found in several plant species, including those under investigation. We propose that this biotechnological use of Sys, promoting defense responses against invaders, represents a useful tool to integrate into pest management programs for the development of novel strategies of crop protection.
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Ražná K, Ablakulova N, Žiarovská J, Kyseľ M, Kushiev KK, Gafurov MB, Cagáň Ľ. Molecular characterization of the effect of plant-based elicitor using microRNAs markers in wheat genome. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020; 75:2403-2411. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang K, Li C, Lei C, Jiang Y, Qiu L, Zou X, Zheng Y. β-aminobutyric acid induces priming defence against Botrytis cinerea in grapefruit by reducing intercellular redox status that modifies posttranslation of VvNPR1 and its interaction with VvTGA1. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 156:552-565. [PMID: 33059266 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Either NPR1 or TGA1 serve as master redox-sensitive transcriptional regulators for the transcription of PR genes in plants. The redox modification of the two co-activators involved in BABA-induced priming resistance against Botrytis cinerea in grapes was examined in this study. The results showed that 10 mmol L-1 BABA could effectively trigger a priming defense in grapes as manifested by augmented expression levels of PR genes upon inoculation with B. cinerea. Moreover, transcriptome profiling analysis revealed that all of the sets of key genes in the enzymatic ROS scavenging system, the PPP and AsA-GSH cycle were in harmony and were transcriptionally induced in BABA-primed grapes with pathogenic infection; in addition, this enhanced expression caused the accelerated accumulation of reductive substances, namely, AsA, GSH and NADPH, resulting in reduced intercellular conditions. Under reduced conditions, the interaction of VvTGA1 and VvNPR1 in the Y2H assay implied that VvTGA1 can provide the DNA binding capacity required by VvNPR1 for activation of VvPR genes. Consequently, the transactivation of VvNPR1 by the promoters of VvPR1, VvPR2 and VvPR5 was determined via a DLR assay, and it induced the transcription of the VvPR genes. In parallel, the redox-modified reducing condition achieved with an abundant supply of reductive substances was closely associated with the translocation of NPR1 for interaction with TGA in the nucleus. Thus, the posttranslational modification and subsequent interaction of the two redox-sensitive co-activators of VvNPR1 and VvTGA1 under reduced conditions may be responsible for BABA-induced priming for effective disease resistance in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaituo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China; College of Life and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, PR China
| | - Chunhong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Changyi Lei
- College of Life and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, PR China
| | - Yongbo Jiang
- College of Life and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, PR China
| | - Linglan Qiu
- College of Life and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zou
- College of Life and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Tomilova OG, Shaldyaeva EM, Kryukova NA, Pilipova YV, Schmidt NS, Danilov VP, Kryukov VY, Glupov VV. Entomopathogenic fungi decrease Rhizoctonia disease in potato in field conditions. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9895. [PMID: 32995085 PMCID: PMC7501787 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia potato disease is widespread in the world and causes substantial yield and quality losses in potato. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana in the inhibition of potato Rhizoctonia complex disease. The efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungi M. robertsii and B. bassiana in the defense of potato against Rhizoctonia disease (stem cancer, black scrulf and other forms of manifestation on tubers) was estimated under field conditions in Western Siberia. Preplanting treatment of the tubers with B. bassiana decreased Rhizoctonia disease in the stems and stolons. At the same time, treatment with M. robertsii did not cause a decrease in Rhizoctonia disease in these organs. However, both fungi decreased the sclerotium index on the tubers of new crops. We demonstrated two mechanisms of inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani by M. robertsii and B. bassiana, including (1) direct effect, expressed as inhibition of R. solani sclerotium formation in cocultivation assays, and (2) indirect effect, which is associated with increased peroxidase activity in potato roots under the influence of colonization by entomopathogenic fungi. We suggest that the treatment of seed tubers with B. basiana can effectively manage Rhizoctonia disease during the plant vegetative season and that both fungi significantly improve the quality of the new tuber crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana G Tomilova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena M Shaldyaeva
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Plant Protection, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Kryukova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia V Pilipova
- Department of Plant Protection, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia S Schmidt
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor P Danilov
- Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies (SFSCA) of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vadim Y Kryukov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor V Glupov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Chen JH, Xiang W, Cao KX, Lu X, Yao SC, Hung D, Huang RS, Li LB. Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Endophytic Burkholderia cenocepacia ETR-B22 by SPME-GC-MS and Their Inhibitory Activity against Various Plant Fungal Pathogens. Molecules 2020; 25:E3765. [PMID: 32824884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antagonistic microorganisms and their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to control plant fungal pathogens is an eco-friendly and promising substitute for chemical fungicides. In this work, endophytic bacterium ETR-B22, isolated from the root of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., was found to exhibit strong antagonistic activity against 12 fungal pathogens found in agriculture. Strain ETR-B22 was identified as Burkholderia cenocepacia based on 16S rRNA and recA sequences. We evaluated the antifungal activity of VOCs emitted by ETR-B22. The VOCs from strain ETR-B22 also showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against 12 fungal pathogens. The composition of the volatile profiles was analyzed based on headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Different extraction strategies for the SPME process significantly affected the extraction efficiency of the VOCs. Thirty-two different VOCs were identified. Among the VOC of ETR-B22, dimethyl trisulfide, indole, methyl anthranilate, methyl salicylate, methyl benzoate, benzyl propionate, benzyl acetate, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol, allyl benzyl ether and nonanoic acid showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity, and are key inhibitory compounds produced by strain ETR-B22 against various fungal pathogens. Our results suggest that the endophytic strain ETR-B22 and its VOCs have high potential for use as biological controls of plant fungal pathogens.
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Vu NT, Oh CS. Bacteriophage Usage for Bacterial Disease Management and Diagnosis in Plants. Plant Pathol J 2020; 36:204-217. [PMID: 32547337 PMCID: PMC7272851 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.04.2020.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants are always under the threat of pests and diseases. Pathogenic bacteria are one of the major pathogen types to cause diseases in diverse plants, resulting in negative effects on plant growth and crop yield. Chemical bactericides and antibiotics have been used as major approaches for controlling bacterial plant diseases in the field or greenhouse. However, the appearance of resistant bacteria to common antibiotics and bactericides as well as their potential negative effects on environment and human health demands bacteriologists to develop alternative control agents. Bacteriophages, the viruses that can infect and kill only target bacteria very specifically, have been demonstrated as potential agents, which may have no negative effects on environment and human health. Many bacteriophages have been isolated against diverse plant-pathogenic bacteria, and many studies have shown to efficiently manage the disease development in both controlled and open conditions such as greenhouse and field. Moreover, the specificity of bacteriophages to certain bacterial species has been applied to develop detection tools for the diagnosis of plant-pathogenic bacteria. In this paper, we summarize the promising results from greenhouse or field experiments with bacteriophages to manage diseases caused by plant-pathogenic bacteria. In addition, we summarize the usage of bacteriophages for the specific detection of plant-pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Trung Vu
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Chang-Sik Oh
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-31-201-2678, FAX) +82-31-204-8116, E-mail) , ORCID Chang-Sik Oh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2123-862X
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Grellet Bournonville C, Filippone MP, Di Peto PLÁ, Trejo MF, Couto AS, Mamaní de Marchese A, Díaz Ricci JC, Welin B, Castagnaro AP. Strawberry fatty acyl glycosides enhance disease protection, have antibiotic activity and stimulate plant growth. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8196. [PMID: 32424195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing interest in the development of products of natural origin for crop disease and pest control has emerged in the last decade. Here we introduce a new family of strawberry acyl glycosides (SAGs) formed by a trisaccharide (GalNAc-GalNAc-Glc) and a monounsaturated fatty acid of 6 to 12 carbon atoms linked to the glucose unit. Application of SAGs to Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter Arabidopsis) plants triggered a transient oxidative burst, callose deposition and defense gene expression, accompanied by increased protection against two phytopathogens, Pseudomonas viridiflava and Botrytis cinerea. SAGs-induced disease protection was also demonstrated in soybean infected with the causal agent of target spot, Corynespora cassiicola. SAGs were shown to exhibit important antimicrobial activity against a wide-range of bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, most probably through membrane destabilization, and the potential use of SAGs as a biofungicide for postharvest disease protection was demonstrated on lemon fruits infected with Penicillium digitatum. Plant growth promotion by application of SAGs was shown by augmented primary root elongation, secondary roots development and increased siliques formation in Arabidopsis, whereas a significant increment in number of seed pods was demonstrated in soybean. Stimulation of radicle development and the induction of an auxin-responsive reporter system (DR5::GUS) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, suggested that SAGs-stimulated growth at least partly acts through the auxin response pathway. These results indicate that strawberry fatty acid glycosides are promising candidates for the development of environmental-friendly products for disease management in soybean and lemon.
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Shi W, Zhao SL, Liu K, Sun YB, Ni ZB, Zhang GY, Tang HS, Zhu JW, Wan BJ, Sun HQ, Dai JY, Sun MF, Yan GH, Wang AM, Zhu GY. Comparison of leaf transcriptome in response to Rhizoctonia solani infection between resistant and susceptible rice cultivars. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:245. [PMID: 32188400 PMCID: PMC7081601 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sheath blight (SB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a common rice disease worldwide. Currently, rice cultivars with robust resistance to R. solani are still lacking. To provide theoretic basis for molecular breeding of R. solani-resistant rice cultivars, the changes of transcriptome profiles in response to R. solani infection were compared between a moderate resistant cultivar (Yanhui-888, YH) and a susceptible cultivar (Jingang-30, JG). Results In the present study, 3085 differentially express genes (DEGs) were detected between the infected leaves and the control in JG, with 2853 DEGs in YH. A total of 4091 unigenes were significantly upregulated in YH than in JG before infection, while 3192 were significantly upregulated after infection. Further analysis revealed that YH and JG showed similar molecular responses to R. solani infection, but the responses were earlier in JG than in YH. Expression levels of trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (C4H), ethylene-insensitive protein 2 (EIN2), transcriptome factor WRKY33 and the KEGG pathway plant-pathogen interaction were significantly affected by R. solani infection. More importantly, these components were all over-represented in YH cultivar than in JG cultivar before and/or after infection. Conclusions These genes possibly contribute to the higher resistance of YH to R. solani than JG and were potential target genes to molecularly breed R. solani-resistant rice cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Lu Zhao
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Biao Sun
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Bin Ni
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Sheng Tang
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Zhu
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Jie Wan
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Qin Sun
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ying Dai
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Fa Sun
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China.
| | - Guo-Hong Yan
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China.
| | - Ai-Min Wang
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China.
| | - Guo-Yong Zhu
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P. R. China.
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Mohammadi MA, Han X, Zhang Z, Xi Y, Boorboori M, Wang-Pruski G. Phosphite Application Alleviates Pythophthora infestans by Modulation of Photosynthetic and Physio-Biochemical Metabolites in Potato Leaves. Pathogens 2020; 9:E170. [PMID: 32121090 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato late blight (Phytophtora infestans) is among the most severely damaging diseases of potato (Solanum tuberusom L.) worldwide, causing serious damages in potato leaves and tubers. In the present study, the effects of potassium phosphite (KPhi) applications on photosynthetic parameters, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant properties, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein and total carbohydrate of potato leaves challenged with P. infestans pathogen were investigated. Potato leaves were sprayed five times with KPhi (0.5%) during the growing season prior to inoculation with P. infestans. The potato leaves were artificially infected by the LC06-44 pathogen isolate. The leaves were sampled at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the infection for evaluations. P. infestans infection reduced chlorophyll (Chl) pigments contents, chlorophyll fluorescence, carotenoid (Car) and anthocyanin contents and increased the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA. Meanwhile, our result showed that KPhi treatment alleviated adverse effect of late blight in potato leaves. KPhi application also increased plant tolerance to the pathogen with improved photosynthetic parameters Chl a, b, total Chl, Car, and anthocyanin compare to controls. Moreover, the increased oxidative enzymes activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx), and non-enzymatic substances such as phenolics, flavonoids and proline were found in KPhi treated plants, compared to untreated plants after inoculation. In addition, KPhi application followed by P. infestans infection also decreased the content of H2O2 and MDA, but increased the total protein and total carbohydrate contents in potato leaves. The consequence of current research indicated that KPhi played a vital role in pathogen tolerance, protecting the functions of photosynthetic apparatus by improved oxidative levels and physio-biochemical compounds in potato leaves.
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Margaritopoulou T, Toufexi E, Kizis D, Balayiannis G, Anagnostopoulos C, Theocharis A, Rempelos L, Troyanos Y, Leifert C, Markellou E. Reynoutria sachalinensis extract elicits SA-dependent defense responses in courgette genotypes against powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3354. [PMID: 32098979 PMCID: PMC7042220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Podosphaera xanthii is one of the most important courgette diseases with high yield losses and is currently controlled by fungicides and sulphur applications in conventional and organic production. Plant derived elicitors/inducers of resistance are natural compounds that induce resistance to pathogen attack and promote a faster and/or more robust activation of plant defense responses. Giant knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis, RS) extract is a known elicitor of plant defenses but its mode of action remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of foliar RS applications and how these affect PM severity and crop performance when used alone or in combination with genetic resistance. RS foliar treatments significantly reduced conidial germination and PM severity on both an intermediate resistance (IR) and a susceptible (S) genotype. RS application triggered plant defense responses, which induced the formation of callose papillae, hydrogen peroxide accumulation and the Salicylic acid (SA) - dependent pathway. Increased SA production was detected along with increased p-coumaric and caffeic acid concentrations. These findings clearly indicate that RS elicits plant defenses notably as a consequence of SA pathway induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoni Margaritopoulou
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Mycology, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Toufexi
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Mycology, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
- Newcastle University, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dimosthenis Kizis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Mycology, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - George Balayiannis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control & Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Chemical Control of Pesticides, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Anagnostopoulos
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control & Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Theocharis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Mycology, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Rempelos
- Newcastle University, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yerasimos Troyanos
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Non-Parasitic Diseases, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlo Leifert
- Centre for Organics Research, Southern Cross University, Military Rd., Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emilia Markellou
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Mycology, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece.
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Antalová Z, Bleša D, Martinek P, Matušinsky P. Transcriptional analysis of wheat seedlings inoculated with Fusarium culmorum under continual exposure to disease defence inductors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224413. [PMID: 32045412 PMCID: PMC7012390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A facultative parasite of cereals, Fusarium culmorum is a soil-, air- and seed-borne fungus causing foot and root rot, fusarium seedling blight, and especially Fusarium head blight, a spike disease leading to decreased yield and mycotoxin contamination of grain. In the present study, we tested changes in expression of wheat genes (B2H2, ICS, PAL, and PR2) involved in defence against diseases. We first compared expression of the analysed genes in seedlings of non-inoculated and artificially inoculated wheat (variety Bohemia). The second part of the experiment compared expression of these genes in seedlings grown under various treatment conditions. These treatments were chosen to determine the effects of prochloraz, sodium bicarbonate, ergosterol, aescin and potassium iodide on expression of the analysed defence genes. In addition to the inoculated and non-inoculated cultivar Bohemia, we additionally examined two other varieties of wheat with contrasting resistance to Fusarium sp. infection. These were the blue aleurone layer variety Scorpion that is susceptible to Fusarium sp. infection and variety V2-49-17 with yellow endosperm and partial resistance to Fusarium sp. infection. In this manner, we were able to compare potential effects of inductors upon defence gene expression among three varieties with different susceptibility to infection but also between inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings of a single variety. The lowest infection levels were detected in the sodium bicarbonate treatment. Sodium bicarbonate had not only negative influence on Fusarium growth but also positively affected expression of plant defence genes. Expression of the four marker genes shown to be important in plant defence was significantly affected by the treatments. The greatest upregulation in comparison to the water control was identified under all treatments for the B2H2 gene. Only expression of PAL under the ergosterol and prochloraz treatments were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Antalová
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agrotest Fyto, Ltd, Kroměříž, Czech Republic
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Bleša
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agrotest Fyto, Ltd, Kroměříž, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Martinek
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agrotest Fyto, Ltd, Kroměříž, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matušinsky
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agrotest Fyto, Ltd, Kroměříž, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Abdul Malik NA, Kumar IS, Nadarajah K. Elicitor and Receptor Molecules: Orchestrators of Plant Defense and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E963. [PMID: 32024003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules produced by microorganisms and insects in the event of infection, microbial priming, and insect predation. These molecules are then recognized by receptor molecules on or within the plant, which activates the defense signaling pathways, resulting in plant’s ability to overcome pathogenic invasion, induce systemic resistance, and protect against insect predation and damage. These small molecular motifs are conserved in all organisms. Fungi, bacteria, and insects have their own specific molecular patterns that induce defenses in plants. Most of the molecular patterns are either present as part of the pathogen’s structure or exudates (in bacteria and fungi), or insect saliva and honeydew. Since biotic stresses such as pathogens and insects can impair crop yield and production, understanding the interaction between these organisms and the host via the elicitor–receptor interaction is essential to equip us with the knowledge necessary to design durable resistance in plants. In addition, it is also important to look into the role played by beneficial microbes and synthetic elicitors in activating plants’ defense and protection against disease and predation. This review addresses receptors, elicitors, and the receptor–elicitor interactions where these components in fungi, bacteria, and insects will be elaborated, giving special emphasis to the molecules, responses, and mechanisms at play, variations between organisms where applicable, and applications and prospects.
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Abstract
The goal of sustainable and organic agriculture is to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animals, and people. Organic plant production uses natural products and natural self-regulation processes occurring in the ecosystem. The availability of innovative applications and molecular techniques opens up new possibilities in the approach to plant protection for sustainable and organic agriculture. New strategies not only directly protect plants against pathogens but can also induce enhanced immunity that permanently protects against pathogenic strains. This review focuses on the bioactive properties of selected natural compounds (of plant and animal origin), their action on pathogens, and their roles in the mechanism of inducing plant resistance. The author presents selected activities of organic bioactive compounds, such as allicin, naringin, terpenes, laminarin, carrageenans, chitin and chitosan, and outlines the possibilities for their application in protecting crop plants against diseases. In addition, this mini review describes the mechanism of action of the above compounds as elicitors of defense reactions in the plant and the possibility of their utilization in the production of biological preparations as elements of a new plant protection strategy.
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Filippi A, Petrussa E, Boscutti F, Vuerich M, Vrhovsek U, Rabiei Z, Braidot E. Bioactive Polyphenols Modulate Enzymes Involved in Grapevine Pathogenesis and Chitinase Activity at Increasing Complexity Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6357. [PMID: 31861147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of synthetic chemistry use in modern viticulture relies on either the biological control of microorganisms or the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins. In the present study, the effects of hydro-alcoholic plant extracts (PEs) (i.e., by-products of Vitis vinifera L., leaves of Olea europaea L. and Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) were tested on purified enzymes activity involved in plant-pathogen interactions. The polyphenolic composition was assayed and analyzed to characterize the extract profiles. In addition, suspension cell cultures of grapevine were treated with PEs to study their modulation of chitinase activity. Application of grape marc’s PE enhanced chitinase activity at 4 g L−1. Additionally, foliar treatment of grape marc’s PE at two doses (4 g L−1 and 800 g L−1) on grapevine cuttings induced a concentration-dependent stimulation of chitinase activity. The obtained results showed that the application of bioactive compounds based on PEs, rich in phenolic compounds, was effective both at in vitro and ex/in vivo level. The overall effects of PEs on plant-pathogen interaction were further discussed by applying a multi-criteria decision analysis, showing that grape marc was the most effective extract.
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Tomas-Grau RH, Di Peto P, Chalfoun NR, Grellet-Bournonville CF, Martos GG, Debes M, Arias ME, Díaz-Ricci JC. Colletotrichum acutatum M11 can suppress the defence response in strawberry plants. Planta 2019; 250:1131-1145. [PMID: 31172342 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum acutatum M11 produces a diffusible compound that suppresses the biochemical, physiological, molecular and anatomical events associated with the defence response induced by the plant defence elicitor AsES. The fungal pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal agent of anthracnose disease, causes important economical losses in strawberry crop worldwide and synthetic agrochemicals are used to control it. In this context, the control of the disease using bioproducts is gaining reputation as an alternative of those toxic and pollutant agrochemicals. However, the success of the strategies using bioproducts can be seriously jeopardized in the presence of biological agents exerting a defence suppression effect. In this report, we show that the response defence induced in plant by the elicitor AsES from the fungus Acremonium strictum can be suppressed by a diffusible compound produced by isolate M11 of C. acutatum. Results revealed that strawberry plants treated with conidia of the isolated M11 or the culture supernatant of the isolate M11 suppress: ROS accumulation (e.g., H2O2, O2·- and NO), cell wall reinforcement (e.g., lignin and callose), and the up-regulation of defence-related genes (e.g., FaPR1, FaCHI23, FaPDF1.2, FaCAT, FaCDPK, FaCML39) induced by the elicitor AsES. Additionally, we show that the defence suppressing effect causes a systemic sensitization of plants. Results presented here highlights the necessity to make an integral study of the microbiome present in soils and plant biosphere before applying defence activation bioproducts to control crop diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo H Tomas-Grau
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Pia Di Peto
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nadia R Chalfoun
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carlos F Grellet-Bournonville
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Gustavo G Martos
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mario Debes
- Cátedra de Anatomía Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marta E Arias
- Cátedra de Anatomía Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan C Díaz-Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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Dey P, Ramanujam R, Venkatesan G, Nagarathnam R. Sodium alginate potentiates antioxidant defense and PR proteins against early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani in Solanum lycopersicum Linn. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223216. [PMID: 31568481 PMCID: PMC6768480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biopolymers as elicitors in controlling plant diseases is gaining momentum world-wide due to their eco-friendly and non-toxic nature. In the present study, we have used an algal biopolymer (sodium alginate) and tested its applicability as an elicitor in inducing resistance factors against Alternaria solani, which causes early blight disease in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato plant). We have pre-treated tomato plants with different concentrations of sodium alginate (0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%) before A. solani infection. We found that sodium alginate has effectively controlled the growth of A. solani. In addition, a significant increase in the expression levels of SOD was observed in response to pathogen infection. The increased protease inhibitors activity further suggest that sodium alginate restrict the development of A. solani infection symptoms in tomato leaves. This corroborates well with the cell death analysis wherein increased sodium alginate pre-treatment results in decreased cell death. Also, the expression profile analyses reveal the induction of genes only in sodium alginate-pretreated tomato leaves, which are implicated in plant defense mechanism. Taken together, our results suggest that sodium alginate can be used as an elicitor to induce resistance against A. solani in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dey
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Centre for Advance Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramani Ramanujam
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Centre for Advance Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Radhakrishnan Nagarathnam
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Centre for Advance Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zang H, Xie S, Zhu B, Yang X, Gu C, Hu B, Gao T, Chen Y, Gao X. Mannan oligosaccharides trigger multiple defence responses in rice and tobacco as a novel danger-associated molecular pattern. Mol Plant Pathol 2019; 20:1067-1079. [PMID: 31094073 PMCID: PMC6640537 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharide, a typical danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), has been studied and applied as plant defence elicitor for several years. Here, we report a novel oligosaccharide, mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) with a degree of polymerization of 2-6, which was hydrolysed from locust bean gum by a newly reported enzyme, BpMan5. The MOS treatment can significantly enhance the generation of signalling molecules such as intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species. Subsequent defence events like stomata closure and cell death were also caused by MOS, eventually leading to the prevention of pathogen invasion or expansion. Transcriptional expression assay indicated that MOS activated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in tobacco and rice via different cascading pathways. The expression levels of the defence-related genes PR-1a and LOX were both up-regulated after MOS treatment, suggesting that MOS may simultaneously activate salicylic acid and jasmonic acid-dependent signalling pathways. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that MOS led to the accumulation of four phytoalexins (momilactone A, phytocassane A, phytocassane D, and phytocassane E) in rice seedling leaves within 12-24 h. Finally, MOS conferred resistance in rice and tobacco against Xanthomonas oryzae and Phytophthora nicotianae, respectively. Taken together, our results indicated that MOS, a novel DAMP, could trigger multiple defence responses to prime plant resistance and has a great potential as plant defence elicitor for the management of plant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zang
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095PR China
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro‐Products SafetyAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei230031China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095PR China
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei230036China
| | - Bichun Zhu
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro‐Products SafetyAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei230031China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro‐Products SafetyAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei230031China
| | - Benjin Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro‐Products SafetyAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei230031China
| | - Tongchun Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro‐Products SafetyAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei230031China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro‐Products SafetyAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei230031China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095PR China
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Köhl J, Kolnaar R, Ravensberg WJ. Mode of Action of Microbial Biological Control Agents Against Plant Diseases: Relevance Beyond Efficacy. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:845. [PMID: 31379891 PMCID: PMC6658832 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) are applied to crops for biological control of plant pathogens where they act via a range of modes of action. Some MBCAs interact with plants by inducing resistance or priming plants without any direct interaction with the targeted pathogen. Other MBCAs act via nutrient competition or other mechanisms modulating the growth conditions for the pathogen. Antagonists acting through hyperparasitism and antibiosis are directly interfering with the pathogen. Such interactions are highly regulated cascades of metabolic events, often combining different modes of action. Compounds involved such as signaling compounds, enzymes and other interfering metabolites are produced in situ at low concentrations during interaction. The potential of microorganisms to produce such a compound in vitro does not necessarily correlate with their in situ antagonism. Understanding the mode of action of MBCAs is essential to achieve optimum disease control. Also understanding the mode of action is important to be able to characterize possible risks for humans or the environment and risks for resistance development against the MBCA. Preferences for certain modes of action for an envisaged application of a MBCA also have impact on the screening methods used to select new microbials. Screening of MBCAs in bioassays on plants or plant tissues has the advantage that MBCAs with multiple modes of action and their combinations potentially can be detected whereas simplified assays on nutrient media strongly bias the selection toward in vitro production of antimicrobial metabolites which may not be responsible for in situ antagonism. Risks assessments for MBCAs are relevant if they contain antimicrobial metabolites at effective concentration in the product. However, in most cases antimicrobial metabolites are produced by antagonists directly on the spot where the targeted organism is harmful. Such ubiquitous metabolites involved in natural, complex, highly regulated interactions between microbial cells and/or plants are not relevant for risk assessments. Currently, risks of microbial metabolites involved in antagonistic modes of action are often assessed similar to assessments of single molecule fungicides. The nature of the mode of action of antagonists requires a rethinking of data requirements for the registration of MBCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Köhl
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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De Miccolis Angelini RM, Rotolo C, Gerin D, Abate D, Pollastro S, Faretra F. Global transcriptome analysis and differentially expressed genes in grapevine after application of the yeast-derived defense inducer cerevisane. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:2020-2033. [PMID: 30610743 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerevisane, made up of cell wall derivatives from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117, is proposed as a resistance inducer in plants. The mode of action of cerevisane was investigated through transcriptome analysis (RNA-Seq) carried out on leaves of potted vines cv. Italia grown in the greenhouse and sprayed at 1-week intervals with cerevisane. Analyses were performed at three time points after one and three sprays as well as on vines challenged with artificial inoculation with Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe necator and Botrytis cinerea. RESULTS Cerevisane proved effective against downy mildew and caused an increase in expression levels of several genes related to defense responses to fungal pathogens and other stresses and down-regulation of genes involved in several processes related to plant growth and development. Up-regulated genes included genes encoding (i) enzymes involved in hormone metabolism (i.e. salicylic acid, jasmonate, ethylene) and related plant responses, (ii) defense compounds (i.e. pathogenesis-related proteins, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, stilbene synthases, lipoxygenase, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases, non-specific plant lipid transfer proteins, serine-threonine protein kinases involved in signal transduction, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase involved in response to oxidative stress), (iii) secondary metabolites (i.e. phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, lignin), and (iv) photosynthetic processes (light harvesting chlorophyll A/B-binding proteins and components of the photosystems). CONCLUSION Cerevisane can be a useful tool in protection schedules against downy mildew on grapevine aimed at reducing the usage of synthetic fungicides and preventing fungicide resistance. The results provide the first basic knowledge on the mode of action of yeast-derived elicitors effective against P. viticola on grapevine. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Rotolo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Gerin
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Abate
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Pollastro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Faretra
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
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Shukla PS, Mantin EG, Adil M, Bajpai S, Critchley AT, Prithiviraj B. Ascophyllum nodosum-Based Biostimulants: Sustainable Applications in Agriculture for the Stimulation of Plant Growth, Stress Tolerance, and Disease Management. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:655. [PMID: 31191576 PMCID: PMC6548832 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses limit the growth and productivity of plants. In the current global scenario, in order to meet the requirements of the ever-increasing world population, chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers are used to boost agricultural production. These harmful chemicals pose a serious threat to the health of humans, animals, plants, and the entire biosphere. To minimize the agricultural chemical footprint, extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE) have been explored for their ability to improve plant growth and agricultural productivity. The scientific literature reviewed in this article attempts to explain how certain bioactive compounds present in extracts aid to improve plant tolerances to abiotic and/or biotic stresses, plant growth promotion, and their effects on root/microbe interactions. These reports have highlighted the use of various seaweed extracts in improving nutrient use efficiency in treated plants. These studies include investigations of physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms as evidenced using model plants. However, the various modes of action of A. nodosum extracts have not been previously reviewed. The information presented in this review depicts the multiple, beneficial effects of A. nodosum-based biostimulant extracts on plant growth and their defense responses and suggests new opportunities for further applications for marked benefits in production and quality in the agriculture and horticultural sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Emily Grace Mantin
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Mohd Adil
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Sruti Bajpai
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Research & Development, Acadian Seaplants Limited, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
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Shi Y, Sun H, Wang X, Jin W, Chen Q, Yuan Z, Yu H. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the molecular networks of responses induced by exogenous trehalose in plant. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217204. [PMID: 31116769 PMCID: PMC6530874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that exogenous trehalose can improve resistances of plants to some abiotic and biotic stresses. Nonetheless, information respecting the molecular responses of tobacco leaves to Tre treatment is limited. Here we show that exogenous Tre can rapidly reduce stomatal aperture, up-regulate NADPH oxidase genes and increase O2•-andH2O2 on tobacco leaves at 2 h after treatment. We further demonstrated that imidazole and DPI, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, can promote recovery of stomatal aperture of tobacco leaves upon trehalose treatment. Exogenous trehalose increased tobacco leaf resistance to tobacco mosaic disease significantly in a concentration-dependent way. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms in response to exogenous trehalose, the transcriptomic responses of tobacco leaves with 10 (low concentration) or 50 (high concentration) mM of trehalose treatment at 2 or 24h were investigated through RNA-seq approach. In total, 1288 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found with different conditions of trehalose treatments relative to control. Among them, 1075 (83.5%) were triggered by low concentration of trehalose (10mM), indicating that low concentration of Tre is a better elicitor. Functional annotations with KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs are involved in metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, protein processing in ER, flavonoid synthesis and circadian rhythm and so on. The protein-protein interaction networks generated from the core DEGs regulated by all conditions strikingly revealed that eight proteins, including ClpB1, HSP70, DnaJB1-like protein, universal stress protein (USP) A-like protein, two FTSH6 proteins, GolS1-like protein and chloroplastics HSP, play a core role in responses to exogenous trehalose in tobacco leaves. Our data suggest that trehalose triggers a signal transduction pathway which involves calcium and ROS-mediated signalings. These core components could lead to partial resistance or tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Moreover, 19 DEGs were chosen for analysis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR for the 19 candidate genes coincided with the DEGs identified via the RNA-seq analysis, sustaining the reliability of our RNA-seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weihuan Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qianyi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhengdong Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haidong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Sun C, Jin L, Cai Y, Huang Y, Zheng X, Yu T. l-Glutamate treatment enhances disease resistance of tomato fruit by inducing the expression of glutamate receptors and the accumulation of amino acids. Food Chem 2019; 293:263-270. [PMID: 31151610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is the most important disease in postharvest tomato fruit. Inducing resistance to fungal pathogens in the harvested fruit and vegetable is a promising approach to control postharvest losses. In the present study, the effect of l-glutamate on induction of resistance to B. cinerea and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results indicated that l-glutamate at 100 ppm was effective in reducing the gray mold of tomatoes after inoculation of the pathogen. Gene expressions of nine glutamate receptors, four pathogenesis-related proteins and the content of amino acids were affected by l-glutamate treatment. Furthermore, the metabolites of l-glutamate, including GABA, Met, Lys and Arg, could also induce significant resistance against B. cinerea in tomato fruit. Our findings suggested that l-glutamate treatment may represent a promising method for managing postharvest decay of tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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