101
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Wu Z, Zhang Y, Nie G, Liu J, Mei H, He Z, Dou P, Wang K. Tracking the gastrointestinal digestive and metabolic behaviour of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides by fluorescent labelling. Food Funct 2022; 13:7274-7286. [PMID: 35726749 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01506d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP), a typical acetylated glucomannan, has been widely applied in functional foods owing to its excellent bioactivity. However, the insufficiency of studies on in vivo process severely limits the further utilization of DOP. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the gastrointestinal digestive behaviour of DOP after oral administration by labelling it with two fluorescein aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acids, trisodium salt (APTS) and cyanine 7.5 (Cy7.5). Combining the results of NIR imaging and HPGPC, we found that DOP was poorly absorbed directly in the prototype form; instead, DOP moved with the intestinal contents to the distal part of the intestine, where Bacteroides aggregated for a prolonged time and was metabolized to oligosaccharide-like substances. In contrast, the digestive degradation of DOP in pseudo-sterile mice with a targeted clearance of Bacteroides significantly weakened, which provided the basis and direction for the subsequent search for more specific metabolic pathways of DOP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Gang Nie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Junxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zihao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Pengfei Dou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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102
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Liu X, Liu J, Liu C, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhou K, Gao P, Li D. Selenium-containing polysaccharides isolated from Rosa laevigata Michx fruits exhibit excellent anti-oxidant and neuroprotective activity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1222-1233. [PMID: 35472363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Selenium-containing polysaccharides have potential as an organic selenium dietary supplement, owing to their low toxicity, few side effects, and easy absorption attributes. In this study, we isolated two novel homogeneous selenium-containing polysaccharides from Rosa laevigata Michx fruits (Se-RLFPs). Results from primary structural analysis revealed that Se-RLFPs were α - pyranose, and were both composed of rhamnose, xylose, glucose with an average molecular weight of 24 and 16 KDa, respectively. Selenium contents in Se-RLFP-I and Se-RLFP-II were 16.49 μg/g and 21.61 μg/g, respectively. Results from analysis of antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of the polysaccharides revealed that Se-RLFPs had a radical scavenging effect. Specifically, they effectively protected SH-SY5Y cells from H2O2-induced damage by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and suppressing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Western blots showed that the underlying mechanisms of action may be related to the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that Se-RLFPs have potential as a pharmaceutical agent for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) or as a selenium-complementary ingredient in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegui Liu
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Changfeng Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Jianing Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Xingyue Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Ke Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Pingyi Gao
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China.
| | - Danqi Li
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China.
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103
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Ain NU, Wu S, Li X, Li D, Zhang Z. Isolation, Characterization, Pharmacology and Biopolymer Applications of Licorice Polysaccharides: Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103654. [PMID: 35629680 PMCID: PMC9147829 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Licorice is known as "Gan-Cao" in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), belonging to the genus Glycyrrhiza (Family: Fabaceae/Leguminosae). It has a long medicinal history and wide applications in China. Polysaccharides of licorice (LPs) are one of the key bioactive components. As herbal polysaccharides attracted increasing interest in the past several decades, their extraction, isolation, structural characterization, pharmacological activities, and medicinal application have been explored extensively. It is worth heeding that the method of extraction and purification effects LPs, apart from specie and origin specificity. This review evaluates the method of extraction and purification and demonstrates its performance in gaining specific composition and its structure-activity relationship, which might lead the readers to a fresh horizon for developing advanced treatment strategies. It is recently reported that the conformation of LPs plays a vital role as biopolymers, such as selenized modification, microencapsulation, nanocomposite, liposome formulation, drug/hydrogel combinations, biosensor device, and synergistic effect with a vaccine. In addition, LPs showed a good thermodynamics profile, as these properties enable them to interact with additional supramolecular interaction by chemical modifications or copolymerization. Functional polymers that are responsive to various external stimuli, such as physical, chemical, and biological signals, are a promising study topic. Thus, LPs are emerging as a new biomaterial that can enhance intended formulation along exerting its inherent medicinal effects. It is hoped that this review will provide a basis for the utilization and further developments of licorice polysaccharides in the vast medium.
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104
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Hui H, Gao W. Structure characterization, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of an arabinogalactoglucan from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:346-357. [PMID: 35276291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An arabinogalactoglucan SBP-1 was purified from Scutellaria baicalensis by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The structure of SBP-1 was characterized using HPLC, IR, GC-MS, 1-D and 2-D NMR. The antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of SBP-1 was investigated by vitro evaluation. The results showed that SBP-1 was composed of arabinose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.0:5.9:1.1 and its Mw were 91,156. The backbone of SBP-1 was mainly composed of repeating →1)-α-D-Glcp-(4 → 1)-α-D-Glcp-(3 → 1)-α-D-Galp-(4→. The braches were composed of →2)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→, which mainly substituted at O-6 of Glc, while terminal residue was α-L-Araf-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→. Vitro bioactivity showed that SBP-1 had dose-dependent antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. The scavenging rate on ABTS, DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals was all beyond 60% as SBP-1 concentration reached 4 mg/mL, and the inhibition rate on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was both more than 80%, which was closely to that of acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Hui
- Gansu Vocational College of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China.
| | - Weijun Gao
- Gansu Vocational College of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
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105
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Wu DT, Li F, Feng KL, Hu YC, Gan RY, Zou L. A comparison on the physicochemical characteristics and biological functions of polysaccharides extracted from Taraxacum mongolicum by different extraction technologies. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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106
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An Y, Liu H, Li X, Liu J, Chen L, Jin X, Chen T, Wang W, Liu Z, Zhang M, Liu F. Carboxymethylation modification, characterization, antioxidant activity and anti-UVC ability of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2022; 515:108555. [PMID: 35405391 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Taking the degree of substitution (DS) as the index, the carboxymethylation conditions of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFP) were studied. According to the single factor experiment results, the optimum experimental conditions were obtained: sodium hydroxide concentration, 15% (20 mL); alkalization temperature, 50 °C; dosage of chloroacetic acid 1.5 g; etherification time, 2 h, and the Carboxymethyl Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (CSFP) with the highest DS (0.635) was obtained. And then, the physicochemical properties, structural information and bioactivity of SFP and CSFP were characterized. The SFP and CSFP were composed of four monosaccharides, with a small amount of protein, and their molecular weights to 780.2 kDa and 386.3 kDa respectively. The results of FTIR and NMR showed that the carboxymethyl was successfully grafted onto the C-4 and C-6 of sugar chain. The results of anti UVC experiment showed that SFP and CSFP had a certain negative effect on cell activity, and the degree of damage caused by UVC radiation was weakened, and the anti UVC performance of CSFP was better than that of SFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen An
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Haitang Liu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Xuexiu Li
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jing Liu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Lin Chen
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xin Jin
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ting Chen
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Meiyun Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Fufeng Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, China.
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107
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Ahmadi S, Yu C, Zaeim D, Wu D, Hu X, Ye X, Chen S. Increasing RG-I content and lipase inhibitory activity of pectic polysaccharides extracted from goji berry and raspberry by high-pressure processing. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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108
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Ruan J, Han Y, Kennedy JF, Jiang H, Cao H, Zhang Y, Wang T. A review on polysaccharides from jujube and their pharmacological activities. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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109
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Ma Z, Yao J, Wang Y, Jia J, Liu F, Liu X. Polysaccharide-based delivery system for curcumin: Fabrication and characterization of carboxymethylated corn fiber gum/chitosan biopolymer particles. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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110
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Yan Y, Ren P, Wu Q, Liu X, Zhang Z, Hua M, Xia W, Chen J. Structure comparison and anti-coagulant effects of the glycosaminoglycans from porcine duodenum and jejunum. Food Chem 2022; 373:131609. [PMID: 34819245 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To make full use of the porcine sources and develop better choice of novel GAGs as anti-coagulants, two fractions of GAGs from the porcine jejunum (A) and duodenum (C) have been separated & purified. The products were further sulfated to give B and D in order to test the influence of sulfate pattern on the bioactivity. The results showed that the relative molecular weight range of A was 3000-50,000 (Mw, g/mol), whereas C had an average molecular weight of 75,885 (Mw, g/mol). A was identified as a novel heparan sulfate through enzymatic hydrolysis analysis. C was a chondroitin like polysaccharide mainly composed of β-d-GlcA-(1 → 4) and β-d-GalNAc-(1 → 3). A possessed controllable anti-coagulant activity (7 IU/mg) in vitro. The activity of D almost achieved the same magnitude of A. This study demonstrated the anticoagulant potential of the polysaccharides, providing solid foundation for development of anti-coagulants from porcine intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Panpan Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoni Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Minyu Hua
- Wuxi Red Cross Blood Station, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Wuxi Red Cross Blood Station, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
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111
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Capek P, Košťálová Z. Isolation, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of Prunus spinosa L. fruit phenolic polysaccharide-proteins. Carbohydr Res 2022; 515:108547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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112
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Wang XF, Zhang NN, Zhang HY, Liu Y, Lu YM, Xia T, Chen Y. Characterization, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of an acid-extracted tea polysaccharide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2022.2043536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui-Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong-Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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113
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Shen Y, Guo YL, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liang J, Kuang HX, Xia YG. Structure and immunological activity of an arabinan-rich acidic polysaccharide from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 199:24-35. [PMID: 34973271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An arabinan-rich acidic polysaccharide, named ALP4-2 ([α]20 D = +197.8 (c 1.0 mg/mL, H2O); and Mw = 5.59 × 103 g/mol), was obtained from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. ALP4-2 is mainly comprised of Ara along with a small amount of GalA, Gal, Rha, Glc and Xyl. The structure was decorated by glycosidic linkages of α-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-Araf-(1→, →2,4)-α-Rhap-(1→, α-GalAp-(1→, →4)-α-GalAp-6-OMe-(1→, →4)-α-GalAp-6-OMe and β-Galp-(1→ with a ratio of 6:1:7:5:5:1:7:1:4. The structure, configuration and microstructure of ALP4-2 was proposed by comprehensive considerations of results from SEC-MALLS-RID, SEC-HRMS, GC-MS, and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. Except for a high methyl ester in full pectin regions, an abundant arabinan moiety is observed in ALP4-2 with highly complex and branched characteristics. The immunoactivity displayed that ALP4-2 can significantly promote phagocytosis of macrophage without cytotoxicity, and stimulate nitric oxide and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) release on RAW 264.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang Univerity of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi 154007, PR China
| | - Yu-Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang Univerity of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang Univerity of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang Univerity of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang Univerity of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang Univerity of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yong-Gang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang Univerity of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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114
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Rodríguez Sánchez RA, Matulewicz MC, Ciancia M. NMR spectroscopy for structural elucidation of sulfated polysaccharides from red seaweeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 199:386-400. [PMID: 34973978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some sulfated polysaccharides from red seaweeds are used as hydrocolloids. In addition, it is well known that there are sulfated galactans (carrageenans and agarans) and sulfated mannans, with remarkable biological properties, as antiviral, antitumoral, immunomodulating, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic activities, and so on. Knowledge of the detailed structure of the active compound is essential and difficult to acquire. The substitution patterns of the polymer chain, as degree of sulfation and position of sulfate groups, as well as other substituents of the backbone, determine their biological behavior. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful and versatile tool for structural determination. It can be used for elucidation of structures of polysaccharides from new algal sources with novel substitutions or to detect the already known structures from different algal sources, and it could even help to monitor the quality of the active compound on a productive scale. In this review, the available information about NMR spectroscopy of sulfated polysaccharides from red seaweeds is revised and rationalized, to help other researchers working in different fields to study their structures. In addition, considerations about the effects of different structural features, as well as some recording conditions on the chemical shifts of the signals are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Rodríguez Sánchez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Cátedra de Química de Biomoléculas, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación de Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María C Matulewicz
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación de Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marina Ciancia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Cátedra de Química de Biomoléculas, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación de Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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115
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Li K, Li XQ, Li GX, Cui LJ, Qin XM, Li ZY, Du YG, Liu YT, Li AP, Zhao XY, Fan XH. Relationship Between the Structure and Immune Activity of Components From the Active Polysaccharides APS-II of Astragali Radix by Enzymolysis of Endo α-1,4-Glucanase. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:839635. [PMID: 35281923 PMCID: PMC8913491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.839635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix polysaccharides (APSs) have a wide range of biological activities. Our preliminary experiment showed that APS-Ⅱ (10 kDa) was the main immunologically active component of APSs. However, the characteristic structure related to activity of APS-Ⅱ needs further verification and clarification. In this study, APS-II was degraded by endo α-1,4-glucosidase. The degraded products with different degrees of polymerization [1–3 (P1), 3–6 (P2), 7–14 (P3), and 10–18 (P4)] were obtained using a polyacrylamide gel chromatography column. The structural features of the different products were characterized by HPGPC, monosaccharide composition, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, GC–MS, nuclear magnetic resonance, and UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis. Specific immune and non-specific immune cell tests were used to identify the most immunogenic fractions of the products. The backbone of P4 was speculated to be α-D-1,4-linked glucans and rich in C2 (25.34%) and C6 (34.54%) branches. Immune screening experiments indicated that the activity of P4 was better than that of APS-II and the other three components. In this research, the relationship between the structure of APS-Ⅱ and the immune activity from the degradation level of polysaccharides was studied, laying a foundation for the quality control and product development of APSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Li, ; Yu-guang Du,
| | - Xue-qin Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guang-xin Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lian-jie Cui
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue-mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhen-yu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu-guang Du
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Li, ; Yu-guang Du,
| | - Yue-tao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ai-ping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xing-yun Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin-hui Fan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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116
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Liu M, Gong Z, Liu H, Wang J, Wang D, Yang Y, Zhong S. Structural characterization and anti-tumor activity in vitro of a water-soluble polysaccharide from dark brick tea. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:615-625. [PMID: 35202635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the structure and application of tea polysaccharides. Herein, a water-soluble homogeneous polysaccharide (DTP-1) from dark brick tea was purified, characterized, and investigated its anti-tumor activity in vitro. The DTP-1 with a molecular weight of 11,805 Da is mainly composed of glucose, galactose and arabinose. It has a backbone, which is composed of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →2)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, with →4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → as branching point and →1)-β-D-Glcp as terminal. In addition, DTP-1 could significantly affect the viability of A549 and SMMC7721 cells with an inhibition rate of 31.71% and 33.38% (600 μg/mL, 24 h), respectively, by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell migration. Moreover, DTP-1 had no effect on corresponding normal cells. Therefore, DTP-1 showed great potential to become a functional food and an anti-tumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - De Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yanjing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shian Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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117
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Structure of heteroxylans from vitreous and floury endosperms of maize grain and impact on the enzymatic degradation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118942. [PMID: 34973760 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heteroxylans (HX) from vitreous and floury parts of maize endosperm were isolated. Structural analysis showed a xylan backbone with few unsubstituted xylose residues (<9%) demonstrating the high content in side chains in both fractions. HX from floury endosperm contained more arabinose and galactose than vitreous HX. The mono-substitution rate was 15% higher in the vitreous endosperm HX. Similar amounts of uronic acids were present in both fractions (~7% DM). Galactose in the floury endosperm HX was present exclusively in terminal position. A xylanase preparation solubilized more material from floury (40.5%) than from vitreous endosperm cell walls (15%). This could be a consequence of the structural differences between the two fractions and/or of the impact of structure on the interaction abilities of these fractions with other cell wall polysaccharides. Our study advances the understanding of cell wall polysaccharides in maize endosperm and their role in enzymatic susceptibility of maize grain.
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118
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Zhang NN, Ma H, Zhang ZF, Zhang WN, Chen L, Pan WJ, Wu QX, Lu YM, Chen Y. Characterization and immunomodulatory effect of an alkali-extracted galactomannan from Morchella esculenta. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118960. [PMID: 34973775 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In our continuous exploration for bioactive polysaccharides, a novel polysaccharide FMP-2 was isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of Morchella esculenta by alkali-assisted extraction. FMP-2 had an average molecular weight of 1.09 × 106 Da and contained mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 4.10:0.22:1.00:5.75:0.44. The backbone of FMP-2 mainly consisted of 1,2-α-D-Galp, 1,6-α-D-Galp, and 1,4-α-D-Manp, with branches of 1,4,6-α-D-Manp and 1,2,6-α-D-Galp. FMP-2 can stimulate phagocytosis and promote the secretion of NO, ROS, and cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells ranging from 25 to 400 μg/mL. FMP-2 had great repairing effect on the immune injury of zebrafish induced by chloramphenicol. The phagocytosis ability of zebrafish macrophages and the proliferation of neutrophils can be greatly enhanced by polysaccharide FMP-2 with concentrations from 50 to 200 μg/mL. These findings suggest that FMP-2 might be used as a potential immunomodulator in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - He Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhong-Fei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wen-Na Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qing-Xi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yong-Ming Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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119
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Ren Q, Sun S, Li M, Gao B, Zhang L. Structural characterization and tartary buckwheat polysaccharides alleviate insulin resistance by suppressing SOCS3-induced IRS1 protein degradation. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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120
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Santagata G, Cimmino A, Poggetto GD, Zannini D, Masi M, Emendato A, Surico G, Evidente A. Polysaccharide Based Polymers Produced by Scabby Cankered Cactus Pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica L.) Infected by Neofusicoccum batangarum: Composition, Structure, and Chemico-Physical Properties. Biomolecules 2022; 12:89. [PMID: 35053237 PMCID: PMC8773635 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neofusiccocum batangarum is the causal agent of scabby canker of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.). The symptoms of this disease are characterized by crusty, perennial cankers, with a leathery, brown halo. Characteristically, a viscous polysaccharide exudate, caking on contact with air, leaks from cankers and forms strips or cerebriform masses on the surface of cactus pear cladodes. When this polysaccharide mass was partial purified, surprisingly, generated a gel. The TLC analysis and the HPLC profile of methyl 2-(polyhydroxyalkyl)-3-(o-tolylthiocarbomoyl)-thiazolidine-4R-carboxylates obtained from the mixture of monosaccharides produced by acid hydrolysis of the three EPSs examined in this research work [the polysaccharide component of the exudate (EPSC) and the EPSs extracted from asymptomatic (EPSH) and symptomatic (EPSD) cladodes] showed the presence of d-galactose, l-rhamnose, and d-glucose in a 1:1:0.5 ratio in EPSC while d-galactose, l-rhamnose, d-glucose, and d-xylose at the same ratio were observed in EPSH and EPSD. The presence of uronic acid residues in EPSC was also showed by solid state NMR and IR investigation. Furthermore, this manuscript reports the chemical-physical characterization of the gel produced by the infected cactus pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Santagata
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio “A. Olivetti”, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Giovanni Dal Poggetto
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio “A. Olivetti”, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Domenico Zannini
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio “A. Olivetti”, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Alessandro Emendato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Surico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
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121
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Rizkyana AD, Ho TC, Roy VC, Park JS, Kiddane AT, Kim GD, Chun BS. Sulfation and characterization of polysaccharides from Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) extracted using subcritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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122
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Yu Y, Wen Q, Song A, Liu Y, Wang F, Jiang B. Isolation and immune activity of a new acidic Cordyceps militaris exopolysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:706-714. [PMID: 34813790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new type of acidic exopolysaccharide (AESP-II) was extracted and separated from the fermentation broth of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris), which was further purified to elucidate its structural characteristics and immunological activity. AESP-II was confirmed to be an acidic pyranose with a molecular weight of 61.52 kDa, which consisted of mannose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galactose acid, N-acetyl-galactosamine, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 1.07: 5.38: 1: 3.14: 2.23: 15: 6.09: and 4.04. Animal experiment results verified that AESP-II can significantly promote the proliferation of spleen T and B lymphocytes in mice with immune injury caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX). In particular, the promotion of B lymphocytes presented a dose-effect relationship. In addition, the levels of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ, which are mainly secreted by T lymphocytes, and immunoglobulin IgG, IgM and IgA, which are mainly secreted by B lymphocytes, were increased after AESP-II treatment. The above results suggest that fluid immunity is involved in the immunomodulatory function of AESP-II. Simultaneously, AESP-II was detected significantly to promote the phosphorylation expression of p38 kinase (p38), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by Western blot, further suggesting that the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway mediates the immunoregulatory function of AESP-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Graduate School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Qiang Wen
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Ao Song
- Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, PR China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- Graduate School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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123
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Wu DT, He Y, Fu MX, Gan RY, Hu YC, Peng LX, Zhao G, Zou L. Structural characteristics and biological activities of a pectic-polysaccharide from okra affected by ultrasound assisted metal-free Fenton reaction. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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124
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Liu J, Li Y, Pu Q, Qiu H, Di D, Cao Y. A polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L.: Structure and protective effects against oxidative stress and high-glucose-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 201:111-120. [PMID: 34968548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are beneficial for vision; however, relevant research has mainly focused on entire crude polysaccharides, with the basis and exact structure of the polysaccharide rarely explored. In this study, LICP009-3F-2a, a novel polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L., was separated and then purified using anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Structural characteristics were investigated using chemical and spectroscopic methods, which revealed that LICP009-3F-2a has an Mw of 13720 Da and is an acidic heteropolysaccharide composed of rhamnose (39.1%), arabinose (7.4%), galactose (22.5%), glucose (8.3%), galacturonic acid (13.7%), and glucuronic acid (4.0%). Linkage and NMR data revealed that LICP009-3F-2a has the following backbone: →2)-α-L-Rha-(1→2,4)-α-L-Rha- (1→4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, with three main branches, including: α-L-Araf-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→2,4)-α-L-Rha-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and β-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→3,6) -β-D-Galp-(1→. Differential scanning colorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis showed that LICP009-3F-2a is thermally stable, while X-ray diffractometry showed that LICP009-3F-2a has a semi-crystalline structure. In addition, LICP009-3F-2a protects ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by regulating the expression of antioxidant SOD1 and CAT enzymes and down-regulating MMP2 expression. Moreover, LICP009-3F-2a promotes the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and protects ARPE-19 cells from hyperglycemia by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunchun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Duolong Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China.
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125
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Ma Z, Sun Q, Chang L, Peng J, Zhang M, Ding X, Zhang Q, Liu G, Liu X, Lan Y. A natural anti-obesity reagent derived from sea buckthorn polysaccharides: Structure characterization and anti-obesity evaluation in vivo. Food Chem 2021; 375:131884. [PMID: 34953239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn polysaccharide (SBP) has received increasing attention for its various bioactive functions. In this study, a novel polysaccharide SBP-1 was initially separated from crude SBP and further purified to obtain its main fraction SBP-1-A with a Mw of 9944 Da, consisting of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glc, and GalA. The structure of SBP-1-A was characterized based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and 1D/2D NMR, and its backbone was composed of a repeated unit of → 3,4)-β-l-Rhap-(1 → 4)-α-d-GalAp-(1 → 4)-α-d-GalAp-(1 → with branches at C-4 position comprised of α-l-Araf, β-d-Galp, β-d-Glcp, α-d-Glcp. Besides, the anti-obesity effects of SBP-1 on high-fat diet mice were evaluated, indicating it could restrain the body weight gain and lipids accumulation by promoting the expression of PGC1α, UCP-1, and PRDM16 to activate the brown adipocyte and improve the thermogenesis. In summary, the results offered new supports for the structural information of SBP and its feasibility to be used as a natural anti-obesity reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qingyang Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lili Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xuechao Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Guoku Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ying Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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126
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Preparation and Characterization of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb Polysaccharide-Zn Complex and Its Hypoglycemic Activity through Regulating Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/4497128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide (ACEP) as raw material, the purpose of the study was to prepare Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide-zinc (ACEP-Zn) complex. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and other means are used to analyze the physical-chemical properties and structure of ACEP and ACEP-Zn, to investigate the inhibition of α-glycosidase and α-amylase enzymes, and to explore its effects on the glucose metabolism of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results show that a group of COO-, -CH3, and -OH in the sugar chain binds to Zn2+. Compared with the original polysaccharides, the surface morphology of ACEP-Zn changed obviously, and the molecular weight (Mn) of ACEP-Zn decreased, but the molecular agglomeration of ACEP-Zn increased. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of ACEP-Zn on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was stronger than that of the original polysaccharide. The results indicated that the structure of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide was changed obviously after the zinc complex, and its hypoglycemic activity was enhanced in vitro. In the cell experiment, the glucose consumption of IR-HepG2 cells was significantly increased at a concentration of 50–200 μg/mL (
). The activity of SOD and NOS significantly increased (
), and the activity of intracellular PK increased (
). Therefore, it was speculated that the hypoglycemic effect of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide combined with zinc was related to the alleviation of liver cell damage caused by oxidative stress and the improvement of glucose metabolism of IR-HepG2 cells. The study provides a theoretical basis for the application of the polysaccharide-zinc complex in the hypoglycemic functional food field.
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127
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Elucidation of substituent distribution states for carboxymethyl chitosan by detailed NMR analysis. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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128
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Poulhazan A, Dickwella Widanage MC, Muszyński A, Arnold AA, Warschawski DE, Azadi P, Marcotte I, Wang T. Identification and Quantification of Glycans in Whole Cells: Architecture of Microalgal Polysaccharides Described by Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19374-19388. [PMID: 34735142 PMCID: PMC8630702 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms widely distributed in nature and serve as a sustainable source of bioproducts. Their carbohydrate components are also promising candidates for bioenergy production and bioremediation, but the structural characterization of these heterogeneous polymers in cells remains a formidable problem. Here we present a widely applicable protocol for identifying and quantifying the glycan content using magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy, with validation from glycosyl linkage and composition analysis deduced from mass-spectrometry (MS). Two-dimensional 13C-13C correlation ssNMR spectra of a uniformly 13C-labeled green microalga Parachlorella beijerinckii reveal that starch is the most abundant polysaccharide in a naturally cellulose-deficient strain, and this polymer adopts a well-organized and highly rigid structure in the cell. Some xyloses are present in both the mobile and rigid domains of the cell wall, with their chemical shifts partially aligned with the flat-ribbon 2-fold xylan identified in plants. Surprisingly, most other carbohydrates are largely mobile, regardless of their distribution in glycolipids or cell walls. These structural insights correlate with the high digestibility of this cellulose-deficient strain, and the in-cell ssNMR methods will facilitate the investigations of other economically important algae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Poulhazan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | | | - Artur Muszyński
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Alexandre A. Arnold
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Dror E. Warschawski
- Laboratoire
des Biomolécules, LBM, CNRS UMR 7203,
Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure,
PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Isabelle Marcotte
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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129
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Hu X, Xu F, Li J, Li J, Mo C, Zhao M, Wang L. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from coix seeds: Optimization, purification, and in vitro digestibility. Food Chem 2021; 374:131636. [PMID: 34875432 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from coix seeds (CSP), an auxiliary method of ultrasound was developed by response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum extraction yield (8.340%) was obtained under 480 W power, 16 min ultrasound extraction (UE) time and 21.00 mL/g water to raw material ratio. Compared to hot water extraction (HE), UE-treated CSP led to a higher extraction efficiency and decreased average CSP molecular weight. FT-IR indicated that CSP extracted by UE and HE were neutral polysaccharides, and linkages between sugar units were mainly in the α-conformation. Furthermore, NMR spectra indicated that UE-treated CSP was a neutral polysaccharide with (1 → 6)-linked α-d-glucopyranose in the main chain. Two polysaccharide components (CSP-A and CSP-B) were purified by anion exchange chromatography, therein, CSP-A was more resistant to the digestion in stomach and intestine. These results suggest that CSP-A has the potential to be a functional agent utilized by gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiran Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinglei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Mo
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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130
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Fajriah S, Rizki IF, Sinurat E. Characterization and analysis of the antidiabetic activities of sulphated polysaccharide extract from Caulerpa lentillifera. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e73158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caulerpa lentillifera is a type of green seaweed that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. The objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of the sulfated polysaccharides from C. lentillifera and evaluate its antidiabetic activity. In the initial process of this study, samples were macerated with ethanol (1:10). Then, the maceration residue was extracted with an accumulator at 75 °C for three hours. The crude extract yield was 4.16% based on weight seaweed. Ion chromatography purification with DEAE-Sepharose resin provided a yield of 14.8% of crude extract. The monomer analysis of C. lentillifera from the crude extract and purified extract revealed that galactose monomers were dominant and glucose was a minor component. The total carbohydrate and sulfate contents of purified C. lentillifera were higher than those of crude C. lentillifera. Bioactivity tests revealed that purified polysaccharides had higher antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase enzyme than crude ones with IC50 values of 134.81± 2.0 µg/mL. Purified sulfated polysaccharides of C. lentillifera could potentially be used as an antidiabetic medication.
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131
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Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Extraction, Partially Structural Characterization, and Bioactivities of Acidic Polysaccharides from Lotus Leaves. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102330. [PMID: 34681379 PMCID: PMC8534793 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lotus leaves are often discarded as byproducts in the lotus industry. Polysaccharides are regarded as one of the essentially bioactive components in lotus leaves. Therefore, in order to promote the application of lotus leaves in the functional food industry, the deep eutectic solvent (DES) assisted extraction of polysaccharides from lotus leaves (LLPs) was optimized, and structural and biological properties of LLPs extracted by DES and hot water were further investigated. At the optimal extraction conditions (water content of 61.0% in DES, extraction temperature of 92 °C, liquid-solid ratio of 31.0 mL/g and extraction time of 126 min), the maximum extraction yield (5.38%) was obtained. Furthermore, LLP-D extracted by DES and LLP-W extracted by hot water possessed the same sugar residues, such as 1,4-α-D-GalAp, 1,4-α-D-GalAMep, 1,3,6-β-D-Galp, 1,4-β-D-Galp, 1,5-α-L-Araf, and 1,2-α-L-Rhap, suggesting the presence of homogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan I and arabinogalactan in both LLP-W and LLP-D. Notably, LLP-D was much richer in HG fraction than that of LLP-W, suggesting that the DES could assist to specifically extract HG from lotus leaves. Additionally, the lower molecular weight and higher content of uronic acids were observed in LLP-D, which might contribute to its much stronger in vitro antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory effects. These findings suggest that the optimized DES assisted extraction method can be a potential approach for specific extraction of acidic polysaccharides with good bioactivities from lotus leaves for applications in the functional food industry.
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132
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Physicochemical Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lipomyces sp. and Investigation of Rheological and Interfacial Behavior. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040156. [PMID: 34698141 PMCID: PMC8544488 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the rheological and interfacial behaviors of a novel microbial exopolysaccharide fermented by L. starkeyi (LSEP). The structure of LSEP was measured by LC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, and FT-IR. Results showed that the monosaccharide composition of LSEP was D-mannose (8.53%), D-glucose (79.25%), D-galactose (7.15%), and L-arabinose (5.07%); there existed the anomeric proton of α-configuration and the anomeric carbon of α- and β-configuration; there appeared the characteristic absorption peak of the phosphate ester bond. The molecular weight of LSEP was 401.8 kDa. The water holding capacity (WHC, 2.10 g/g) and oil holding capacity (OHC, 12.89 g/g) were also evaluated. The results of rheological properties showed that the aqueous solution of LSEP was a non-Newtonian fluid, exhibiting the shear-thinning characteristics. The adsorption of LSEP can reduce the interfacial tension (11.64 mN/m) well and form an elastic interface layer at the MCT–water interface. Such functional properties make LSEP a good candidate for use as thickener, gelling agent, and emulsifier to form long-term emulsions for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products.
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133
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Chen H, Zeng J, Wang B, Cheng Z, Xu J, Gao W, Chen K. Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of Bletilla striata polysaccharide extracted by different methods. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118149. [PMID: 34044956 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSPs) are effective for anti-inflammatory, detumescence, and radicals scavenging, with important applications in the area of food chain, pharmacy science, and health care. In this study, we comprehensively studied the interplay between the polysaccharides' formation, physicochemical properties, rheological properties, and associated antioxidant activities of BSPs from different extraction methods. The crude polysaccharides obtained from Bletilla striata by using the hot water extraction (BSPs-H), alkali-assisted extraction (BSPs-A), boiling water extraction (BSPs-B), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (BSPs-U) methods showed different molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, glycosidic bond compositions, and zeta potentials, but with the same IR spectra characteristic and thermal stability. By the above-mentioned four kinds of extraction methods, the resultant BSPs exhibited various degrees of reticular and lamellar structure. All the BSPs solutions exhibited shear-thinning behavior with the increase of the shear rate. Among these BSPs, BSPs-A exhibited better DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power, whereas BSPs-H showed better hydroxyl radical scavenging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoying Chen
- Plant Fiber Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- Plant Fiber Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Plant Fiber Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Plant Fiber Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Plant Fiber Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- Plant Fiber Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Kefu Chen
- Plant Fiber Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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