101
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Molony RD, Funk T, Trabucco G, Corcoran E, Ruddy D, Varadarajan M, Elliot G, Piquet M, Lam J, Meyer MJ, Wang HQ, Kurtulus S, Lu H. CRISPR screening identifies T cell-intrinsic regulators of CD3-bispecific antibody responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909979. [PMID: 35990699 PMCID: PMC9388929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD3-engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) enable the formation of an immune synapse between T cells and tumor cells, resulting in robust target cell killing not dependent on a preexisting tumor specific T cell receptor. While recent studies have shed light on tumor cell-specific factors that modulate BsAb sensitivity, the T cell-intrinsic determinants of BsAb efficacy and response durability are poorly understood. To better clarify the genes that shape BsAb-induced T cell responses, we conducted targeted analyses and a large-scale unbiased in vitro CRISPR/Cas9-based screen to identify negative regulators of BsAb-induced T cell proliferation. These analyses revealed that CD8+ T cells are dependent on CD4+ T cell-derived signaling factors in order to achieve sustained killing in vitro. Moreover, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and several other candidate genes were identified as intrinsic regulators of BsAb-induced T cell proliferation and/or activation, highlighting promising approaches to enhancing the utility of these potent therapeutics.
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102
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Tracy SI, Venkatesh H, Hekim C, Heltemes-Harris LM, Knutson TP, Bachanova V, Farrar MA. Combining nilotinib and PD-L1 blockade reverses CD4+ T-cell dysfunction and prevents relapse in acute B-cell leukemia. Blood 2022; 140:335-348. [PMID: 35275990 PMCID: PMC9335501 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021015341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have experienced significantly improved outcomes due to the advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific T-cell engagers, although a proportion of patients still relapse despite these advances. T-cell exhaustion has been recently suggested to be an important driver of relapse in these patients. Indeed, phenotypic exhaustion of CD4+ T cells is predictive of relapse and poor overall survival in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Thus, therapies that counter T-cell exhaustion, such as immune checkpoint blockade, may improve leukemia immunosurveillance and prevent relapse. Here, we used a murine model of Ph+ B-ALL as well as human bone marrow biopsy samples to assess the fundamental nature of CD4+ T-cell exhaustion and the preclinical therapeutic potential for combining anti-PD-L1 based checkpoint blockade with tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the BCR-ABL oncoprotein. Single-cell RNA-sequence analysis revealed that B-ALL induces a unique subset of CD4+ T cells with both cytotoxic and helper functions. Combination treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib and anti-PD-L1 dramatically improves long-term survival of leukemic mice. Depletion of CD4+ T cells prior to therapy completely abrogates the survival benefit, implicating CD4+ T cells as key drivers of the protective anti-leukemia immune response. Indeed, treatment with anti-PD-L1 leads to clonal expansion of leukemia-specific CD4+ T cells with the aforementioned helper/cytotoxic phenotype as well as reduced expression of exhaustion markers. These findings support efforts to use PD1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade in clinical trials and highlight the importance of CD4+ T-cell dysfunction in limiting the endogenous anti-leukemia response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean I Tracy
- Center for Immunology
- Masonic Cancer Center
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hrishi Venkatesh
- Center for Immunology
- Masonic Cancer Center
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Can Hekim
- Center for Immunology
- Masonic Cancer Center
- Orion Corporation, R&D, Immuno-Oncology Unit Tengströminkatu, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Lynn M Heltemes-Harris
- Center for Immunology
- Masonic Cancer Center
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Todd P Knutson
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Veronika Bachanova
- Masonic Cancer Center
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael A Farrar
- Center for Immunology
- Masonic Cancer Center
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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103
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Sellars MC, Wu CJ, Fritsch EF. Cancer vaccines: Building a bridge over troubled waters. Cell 2022; 185:2770-2788. [PMID: 35835100 PMCID: PMC9555301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines aim to direct the immune system to eradicate cancer cells. Here we review the essential immunologic concepts underpinning natural immunity and highlight the multiple unique challenges faced by vaccines targeting cancer. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry, neoantigen prediction, genetically and pharmacologically engineered mouse models, and single-cell omics have revealed new biology, which can help to bridge this divide. We particularly focus on translationally relevant aspects, such as antigen selection and delivery and the monitoring of human post-vaccination responses, and encourage more aggressive exploration of novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacLean C Sellars
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Edward F Fritsch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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104
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Liang Y, Xu Q, Liu S, Li J, Wang F, Li Z, Liao L, Lu Y, Li Y, Mu F, Sun HX, Zhu L. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Killing Mechanisms of Antitumor Cytotoxic CD4+ TCR-T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939940. [PMID: 35928827 PMCID: PMC9343810 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-Ts) have emerged as potent cancer immunotherapies. While most research focused on classical cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, the application of CD4+ T cells in adoptive T cell therapy has gained much interest recently. However, the cytotoxic mechanisms of CD4+ TCR-Ts have not been fully revealed. In this study, we obtained an MHC class I-restricted MART-127-35-specific TCR sequence based on the single-cell V(D)J sequencing technology, and constructed MART-127-35-specific CD4+ TCR-Ts and CD8+ TCR-Ts. The antitumor effects of CD4+ TCR-Ts were comparable to those of CD8+ TCR-Ts in vitro and in vivo. To delineate the killing mechanisms of cytotoxic CD4+ TCR-Ts, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and found that classical granule-dependent and independent cytolytic pathways were commonly used in CD4+ and CD8+ TCR-Ts, while high expression of LTA and various costimulatory receptors were unique features for cytotoxic CD4+ TCR-Ts. Further signaling pathway analysis revealed that transcription factors Runx3 and Blimp1/Tbx21 were crucial for the development and killing function of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells. Taken together, we report the antitumor effects and multifaceted killing mechanisms of CD4+ TCR-Ts, and also indicate that MHC class I-restricted CD4+ TCR-Ts could serve as potential adoptive T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qumiao Xu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Qumiao Xu, ; Feng Mu, ; Hai-Xi Sun, ; Linnan Zhu,
| | - Songming Liu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijuan Liao
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijian Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Mu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Qumiao Xu, ; Feng Mu, ; Hai-Xi Sun, ; Linnan Zhu,
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Beijing, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qumiao Xu, ; Feng Mu, ; Hai-Xi Sun, ; Linnan Zhu,
| | - Linnan Zhu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Qumiao Xu, ; Feng Mu, ; Hai-Xi Sun, ; Linnan Zhu,
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105
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Maquet C, Baiwir J, Loos P, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Javaux J, Sandor R, Perin F, Fallon PG, Mack M, Cataldo D, Gillet L, Machiels B. Ly6C
hi
monocytes balance regulatory and cytotoxic CD4 T cell responses to control virus-induced immunopathology. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn3240. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) have coevolved with their host, leading to a remarkably high infection prevalence and establishment of latency. The lifelong persistence of γHVs in hosts appears to broadly shape host immunity, and we show here that pulmonary infection with Murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4), a mouse γHV, drives the recruitment of Ly6C
hi
monocytes (MOs) into the airway, thereby modulating the host immune response. The absence of Ly6C
hi
MOs is associated with severe virus-induced immunopathology and the systemic release of inflammatory mediators. Mechanistically, MuHV-4–imprinted MOs recruit CD4 T cells to the airways and trigger immunosuppressive signaling pathways through the PD-L1/PD-1 axis, thereby dampening the deleterious activation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells. These results uncover a role for Ly6C
hi
MOs in modulating CD4 T cell functions and reveal pathways that could be targeted therapeutically to reduce detrimental immunopathological responses associated with respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Maquet
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Baiwir
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Pauline Loos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Lucia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Justine Javaux
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Rémy Sandor
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Perin
- Laboratory of Biology of Tumor and Development, GIGA-Cancer ULiège and “Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (CHU)”, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Biology of Tumor and Development, GIGA-Cancer ULiège and “Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (CHU)”, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gillet
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Machiels
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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106
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Integration of tumor extrinsic and intrinsic features associates with immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4053. [PMID: 35831288 PMCID: PMC9279502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) varies greatly among metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Loss of heterozygosity at the HLA-I locus (HLA-LOH) has been identified as an important immune escape mechanism. However, despite HLA-I disruptions in their tumor, many patients have durable ICB responses. Here we seek to identify HLA-I-independent features associated with ICB response in NSCLC. We use single-cell profiling to identify tumor-infiltrating, clonally expanded CD4+ T cells that express a canonical cytotoxic gene program and NSCLC cells with elevated HLA-II expression. We postulate cytotoxic CD4+ T cells mediate anti-tumor activity via HLA-II on tumor cells and augment HLA-I-dependent cytotoxic CD8+ T cell interactions to drive ICB response in NSCLC. We show that integrating tumor extrinsic cytotoxic gene expression with tumor mutational burden is associated with longer time to progression in a real-world cohort of 123 NSCLC patients treated with ICB regimens, including those with HLA-LOH. Some cancer patients with impaired HLA-I still respond to immunotherapy. Here the authors combine a cytotoxic gene signature from CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with tumor mutational burden to predict immunotherapy response in NSCLC patients, including those with HLA-LOH.
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107
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Hoeks C, Duran G, Hellings N, Broux B. When Helpers Go Above and Beyond: Development and Characterization of Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951900. [PMID: 35903098 PMCID: PMC9320319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Once regarded as an experimental artefact, cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4 CTL) are presently recognized as a biologically relevant T cell subset with important functions in anti-viral, anti-tumor, and autoimmune responses. Despite the potentially large impact on their micro-environment, the absolute cell counts of CD4 CTL within the peripheral circulation are relatively low. With the rise of single cell analysis techniques, detection of these cells is greatly facilitated. This led to a renewed appraisal of CD4 CTL and an increased insight into their heterogeneous nature and ontogeny. In this review, we summarize the developmental path from naïve CD4+ T cells to terminally differentiated CD4 CTL, and present markers that can be used to detect or isolate CD4 CTL and their precursors. Subsets of CD4 CTL and their divergent functionalities are discussed. Finally, the importance of local cues as triggers for CD4 CTL differentiation is debated, posing the question whether CD4 CTL develop in the periphery and migrate to site of inflammation when called for, or that circulating CD4 CTL reflect cells that returned to the circulation following differentiation at the local inflammatory site they previously migrated to. Even though much remains to be learned about this intriguing T cell subset, it is clear that CD4 CTL represent interesting therapeutic targets for several pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Hoeks
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Gayel Duran
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Bieke Broux,
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108
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Safety and Immunogenicity of Combined DNA-Polyethylenimine and Oral Bacterial Idiotypic Vaccine for Patients with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Pilot Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143298. [PMID: 35884359 PMCID: PMC9320637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunoglobulin variable domains, or idiotypes, have been used as lymphoma-specific antigens for therapeutic vaccination against B-cell lymphomas in a number of clinical trials. The effectiveness of DNA vaccines significantly depends on the chosen method of DNA delivery. In this study, we applied the intramuscular injection of a DNA–PEI vaccine followed by an oral vaccine-carrying Salmonella boost for lymphoma patients, which was safe and well tolerated. The observed remission was accompanied by T-cell but not an antibody response to the vaccine in most of the patients. Abstract We report, in brief, the results of a phase I, non-randomized study of idiotypic DNA vaccination in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (ISRCTN31090206). The DNA sequence of lymphoma-derived immunoglobulin variable regions was used as a tumor-specific antigen fused to the potato virus X coat protein. A conjugate of plasmid DNA with polyethylenimine was used for the intramuscular injections, followed by a boost with an oral live-attenuated Salmonella vaccine carrying the same plasmid. The patients with a complete or partial response to previous chemotherapy received one or two courses of vaccination, including four injections at monthly intervals. The vaccine was well tolerated, with low-grade adverse events. The T-cell immune responses were assessed by ELISpot, at last vaccine, one week and one month post-vaccination, and were detected in 11/14 (78.6%) of the patients. In cases of progression requiring chemotherapy, or the presence of a positive MRD after the first course of vaccination, the patients underwent a second course of vaccination. At the end point, 6/19 vaccinated patients had disease stabilization, while 13/19 were in complete remission. The overall survival was 100% at follow-up, of a median of 2.3 years.
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109
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Higdon LE, Ahmad AA, Schaffert S, Margulies KB, Maltzman JS. CMV-Responsive CD4 T Cells Have a Stable Cytotoxic Phenotype Over the First Year Post-Transplant in Patients Without Evidence of CMV Viremia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:904705. [PMID: 35837398 PMCID: PMC9275561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.904705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a known cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. While primary infection is controlled by a healthy immune system, CMV is never eradicated due to viral latency and periodic reactivation. Transplantation and associated therapies hinder immune surveillance of CMV. CD4 T cells are an important part of control of CMV reactivation. We therefore investigated how CMV impacts differentiation, functionality, and expansion of protective CD4 T cells from recipients of heart or kidney transplant in the first year post-transplant without evidence of CMV viremia. We analyzed longitudinal peripheral blood samples by flow cytometry and targeted single cell RNA sequencing coupled to T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. At the time of transplant, CD4 T cells from CMV seropositive transplant recipients had a higher degree of immune aging than the seronegative recipients. The phenotype of CD4 T cells was stable over time. CMV-responsive CD4 T cells in our transplant cohort included a large proportion with cytotoxic potential. We used sequence analysis of TCRαβ to identify clonal expansion and found that clonally expanded CMV-responsive CD4 T cells were of a predominantly aged cytotoxic phenotype. Overall, our analyses suggest that the CD4 response to CMV is dominated by cytotoxicity and not impacted by transplantation in the first year. Our findings indicate that CMV-responsive CD4 T cells are homeostatically stable in the first year after transplantation and identify subpopulations relevant to study the role of this CD4 T cell population in post-transplant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Higdon
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lauren E. Higdon, ; Jonathan S. Maltzman,
| | - Ayah A. Ahmad
- Macaulay Honors College, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Steven Schaffert
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine/Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Maltzman
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lauren E. Higdon, ; Jonathan S. Maltzman,
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110
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Zhang H, Zhu Z, Modrak S, Little A. Tissue-Resident Memory CD4 + T Cells Play a Dominant Role in the Initiation of Antitumor Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2837-2846. [PMID: 35589124 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immunology has been studied extensively. Tumor immunology-based cancer immunotherapy has become one of the most promising approaches for cancer treatment. However, one of the fundamental aspects of tumor immunology-the initiation of antitumor immunity-is not fully understood. Compared to that of CD8+ T cells, the effect of CD4+ T cells on antitumor immunity has not been fully appreciated. Using a gene knockout mouse model, the mice of which are deficient in the TCRα repertoire, specifically lacking invariant NKT and mucosal-associated invariant T cells, we found that the deficiency in TCRα repertoire diversity did not affect the antitumor immunity, at least to B16BL6 melanoma and EO771 breast cancer. However, after acquiring thymocytes or splenocytes from wild-type mice, these knockout mice exhibited greatly enhanced and long-lasting antitumor immunity. This enhanced antitumor immunity depended on CD4+ T cells, especially CD4+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, but not invariant NKT or CD8+ T cells. We also present evidence that CD4+ TRM cells initiate antitumor immunity through IFN-γ, and the process is dependent on NK cells. The CD4+ TRM/NK axis appears to control tumor formation and development by eliminating tumor cells and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, our results demonstrated that CD4+ TRM cells play a dominant role in the initiation of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Samantha Modrak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Alex Little
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
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111
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Tang XX, Shimada H, Ikegaki N. Macrophage-mediated anti-tumor immunity against high-risk neuroblastoma. Genes Immun 2022; 23:129-140. [PMID: 35525858 PMCID: PMC9232393 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-022-00172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial childhood solid tumor. The majority of high-risk neuroblastoma is resistant/refractory to the current high intensity therapy. Neuroblastoma lacks classical HLA Class I expression and exhibits low mutation burden, allowing neuroblastoma cells to evade CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity. Neuroblastoma cells do not express PD-L1, and tumor-associated macrophages are the predominant PD-L1+ cells in the tumor. In this study, we performed gene expression profiling and survival analyses on large neuroblastoma datasets to address the prognostic effect of PD-L1 gene expression and the possible involvement of the SLAMF7 pathway in the anti-neuroblastoma immunity. High-level expression of PD-L1 was found significantly associated with better outcome of high-risk neuroblastoma patients; two populations of PD-1+ PD-L1+ macrophages could be present in high-risk tumors with PD-1/PD-L1 ratios, ≈1 and >1. Patients with the PD-1/PD-L1 ratio >1 tumor showed inferior survival. High-level co-expression of SLAMF7 and SH2D1B was significantly associated with better survival of the high-risk neuroblastoma patients. Together, this study supports the hypothesis that macrophages are important effector cells in the anti-high-risk neuroblastoma immunity, that PD-1 blockade therapy can be beneficial to the high-risk neuroblastoma subset with the PD-1/PD-L1 expression ratio >1, and that SLAMF7 is a new therapeutic target of high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xao X Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Naohiko Ikegaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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112
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Ishihara M, Kitano S, Kageyama S, Miyahara Y, Yamamoto N, Kato H, Mishima H, Hattori H, Funakoshi T, Kojima T, Sasada T, Sato E, Okamoto S, Tomura D, Nukaya I, Chono H, Mineno J, Kairi MF, Diem Hoang Nguyen P, Simoni Y, Nardin A, Newell E, Fehlings M, Ikeda H, Watanabe T, Shiku H. NY-ESO-1-specific redirected T cells with endogenous TCR knockdown mediate tumor response and cytokine release syndrome. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003811. [PMID: 35768164 PMCID: PMC9244667 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because of the shortage of ideal cell surface antigens, the development of T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells (TCR-T) that target intracellular antigens such as NY-ESO-1 is a promising approach for treating patients with solid tumors. However, endogenous TCRs in vector-transduced T cells have been suggested to impair cell-surface expression of transduced TCR while generating mispaired TCRs that can become self-reactive. Methods We conducted a first-in-human phase I clinical trial with the TCR-transduced T-cell product (TBI-1301) in patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing solid tumors. In manufacturing TCR-T cells, we used a novel affinity-enhanced NY-ESO-1-specific TCR that was transduced by a retroviral vector that enables siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated silencing of endogenous TCR. The patients were divided into two cohorts. Cohort 1 was given a dose of 5×108 cells (whole cells including TCR-T cells) preconditioned with 1500 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide. Cohort 2 was given 5× 109 cells preconditioned with 1500 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide. Results In vitro study showed that both the CD8+ and CD4+ T fractions of TCR-T cells exhibited cytotoxic effects against NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cells. Three patients and six patients were allocated to cohort 1 and cohort 2, respectively. Three of the six patients who received 5×109 cells showed tumor response, while three patients developed early-onset cytokine release syndrome (CRS). One of the patients developed a grade 3 lung injury associated with the infiltration of the TCR-T cells. No siRNA-related adverse events other than CRS were observed. Cytokines including interleukin 6 I and monocyte chemotactic protein-1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL2) increased in the sera of patients with CRS. In vitro analysis showed these cytokines were not secreted from the T cells infused. A significant fraction of the manufactured T cells in patients with CRS was found to express either CD244, CD39, or both at high levels. Conclusions The trial showed that endogenous TCR-silenced and affinity-enhanced NY-ESO-1 TCR-T cells were safely administered except for grade 3 lung injury. The TCR-T cell infusion exhibited significant tumor response and early-onset CRS in patients with tumors that express NY-ESO-1 at high levels. The differentiation properties of the manufactured T cells may be prognostic for TCR-T-related CRS. Trial registration number NCT02366546.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shigehisa Kitano
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy Development, Advanced Medical Development Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Institue Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kageyama
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy and Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyahara
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy and Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Institue Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Kato
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyoshi Hattori
- Laboratory of Advanced Therapy, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeru Funakoshi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy and Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy and Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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113
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Cenerenti M, Saillard M, Romero P, Jandus C. The Era of Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867189. [PMID: 35572552 PMCID: PMC9094409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1986, Mosmann and Coffman identified 2 functionally distinct subsets of activated CD4 T cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, being key in distinct T cell mediated responses. Over the past three decades, our understanding of CD4 T cell differentiation has expanded and the initial paradigm of a dichotomic CD4 T cell family has been revisited to accommodate a constantly growing number of functionally distinct CD4 T helper and regulatory subpopulations. Of note, CD4 T cells with cytotoxic functions have also been described, initially in viral infections, autoimmune disorders and more recently also in cancer settings. Here, we provide an historical overview on the discovery and characterization of cytotoxic CD4 T cells, followed by a description of their mechanisms of cytotoxicity. We emphasize the relevance of these cells in disease conditions, particularly in cancer, and we provide insights on how to exploit these cells in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cenerenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margaux Saillard
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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114
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Cancer evolution: special focus on the immune aspect of cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:420-435. [PMID: 35589072 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an evolutionary disease. Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), which describes the diversity within individual tumors, sets the foundation for evolution. The fitness of tumor cells is determined by their microenvironment, which exerts intense selection pressure that generally favors cells with survival and proliferation advantages. It has been revealed that host immunity dramatically influences the evolutionary trajectory of cancer. As technologies advance, a refined map of the immune system's involvement in cancer evolution has gradually come to our knowledge. Here we specifically view cancer through the lens of evolutionary immunological biology. We will cover the neoplastic evolution under immunosurveillance, including how the host immunity shapes the tumor evolutionary trajectory and how progressive tumors modulate the host immunity to survive. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between cancer evolution and cancer immunity provides clues to combating cancer strategically.
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115
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Preglej T, Ellmeier W. CD4 + Cytotoxic T cells - Phenotype, Function and Transcriptional Networks Controlling Their Differentiation Pathways. Immunol Lett 2022; 247:27-42. [PMID: 35568324 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The two major subsets of peripheral T cells are classically divided into the CD4+ T helper cells and the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell lineage. However, the appearance of some effector CD4+ T cell populations displaying cytotoxic activity, in particular during viral infections, has been observed, thus breaking the functional dichotomy of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. The strong association of the appearance of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4 CTLs) with viral infections suggests an important role of this subset in antiviral immunity by controlling viral replication and infection. Moreover, CD4 CTLs have been linked with anti-tumor activity and might also cause immunopathology in autoimmune diseases. This raises interest into the molecular mechanisms regulating CD4 CTL differentiation, which are poorly understood in comparison to differentiation pathways of other Th subsets. In this review, we provide a brief overview about key features of CD4 CTLs, including their role in viral infections and cancer immunity, and about the link between CD4 CTLs and immune-mediated diseases. Subsequently, we will discuss the current knowledge about transcriptional and epigenetic networks controlling CD4 CTL differentiation and highlight recent data suggesting a role for histone deacetylases in the generation of CD4 CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Preglej
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna.
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116
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Zhu M, Li X, Cheng X, Yi X, Ye F, Li X, Hu Z, Zhang L, Nie J, Li X. Association of the tissue infiltrated and peripheral blood immune cell subsets with response to radiotherapy for rectal cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:107. [PMID: 35534879 PMCID: PMC9082952 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor microenvironment plays pivotal roles in carcinogenesis, cancer development and metastasis. Composition of cancer immune cell subsets can be inferred by deconvolution of gene expression profile accurately. Compositions of the cell types in cancer microenvironment including cancer infiltrating immune and stromal cells have been reported to be associated with the cancer outcomes markers for cancer prognosis. However, rare studies have been reported on their association with the response to preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Methods In this paper, we deconvoluted the immune/stromal cell composition from the gene expression profiles. We compared the composition of immune/stromal cell types in the RT responsive versus nonresponsive for rectal cancer. We also compared the peripheral blood immune cell subset composition in the stable diseases versus progressive diseases of rectal cancer patients with fluorescence-activated cell sorting from our institution. Results Compared with the non-responsive group, the responsive group showed higher proportions of CD4+ T cell (0.1378 ± 0.0368 vs. 0.1071 ± 0.0373, p = 0.0215), adipocytes, T cells CD4 memory resting, and lower proportions of CD8+ T cell (0.1798 ± 0.0217 vs. 0.2104 ± 0.0415, p = 0.0239), macrophages M2, and preadipocytes in their cancer tissue. The responsive patients showed a higher ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cell proportions (mean 0.7869 vs. 0.5564, p = 0.0210). Consistently, the peripheral blood dataset showed higher proportion of CD4+ T cells and higher ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells, and lower proportion of CD8+ T cells for favorable prognosis. We validated these results with a pooled dataset of GSE3493 and GSE35452, and more peripheral blood data, respectively. Finally, we imported these eight cell features including eosinophils and macrophage M1 to Support Vector Machines and could predict the pre-radiotherapy responsive versus non-responsive with an accuracy of 76%, ROC AUC 0.77, 95% confidential interval of 0.632–0.857, better than the gene signatures. Conclusions Our results showed that the proportions of tumor-infiltrating subsets and peripheral blood immune cell subsets can be important immune cell markers and treatment targets for outcomes of radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01252-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxu Yi
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Ye
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolai Li
- Hefei Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongtao Hu
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinfu Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China. .,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueling Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China. .,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.
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117
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Oliveira G, Stromhaug K, Cieri N, Iorgulescu JB, Klaeger S, Wolff JO, Rachimi S, Chea V, Krause K, Freeman SS, Zhang W, Li S, Braun DA, Neuberg D, Carr SA, Livak KJ, Frederick DT, Fritsch EF, Wind-Rotolo M, Hacohen N, Sade-Feldman M, Yoon CH, Keskin DB, Ott PA, Rodig SJ, Boland GM, Wu CJ. Landscape of helper and regulatory antitumour CD4 + T cells in melanoma. Nature 2022; 605:532-538. [PMID: 35508657 PMCID: PMC9815755 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Within the tumour microenvironment, CD4+ T cells can promote or suppress antitumour responses through the recognition of antigens presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules1,2, but how cancers co-opt these physiologic processes to achieve immune evasion remains incompletely understood. Here we performed in-depth analysis of the phenotype and tumour specificity of CD4+ T cells infiltrating human melanoma specimens, finding that exhausted cytotoxic CD4+ T cells could be directly induced by melanoma cells through recognition of HLA class II-restricted neoantigens, and also HLA class I-restricted tumour-associated antigens. CD4+ T regulatory (TReg) cells could be indirectly elicited through presentation of tumour antigens via antigen-presenting cells. Notably, numerous tumour-reactive CD4+ TReg clones were stimulated directly by HLA class II-positive melanoma and demonstrated specificity for melanoma neoantigens. This phenomenon was observed in the presence of an extremely high tumour neoantigen load, which we confirmed to be associated with HLA class II positivity through the analysis of 116 melanoma specimens. Our data reveal the landscape of infiltrating CD4+ T cells in melanoma and point to the presentation of HLA class II-restricted neoantigens and direct engagement of immunosuppressive CD4+ TReg cells as a mechanism of immune evasion that is favoured in HLA class II-positive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Oliveira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kari Stromhaug
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicoletta Cieri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Bryan Iorgulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Klaeger
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn O Wolff
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vipheaviny Chea
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate Krause
- Department of surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel S Freeman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Braun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward F Fritsch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Nir Hacohen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derin B Keskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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118
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Chen AXY, Derrick EB, Beavis PA, House IG. CD4
+
chimeric antigen receptor T cells in for the long journey. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:304-307. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda XY Chen
- Cancer Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne VIC Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Emily B Derrick
- Cancer Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne VIC Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Paul A Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne VIC Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Imran G House
- Cancer Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne VIC Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
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119
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Ellingsen EB, Aamdal E, Guren T, Lilleby W, Brunsvig PF, Mangsbo SM, Aamdal S, Hovig E, Mensali N, Gaudernack G, Inderberg EM. Durable and dynamic hTERT immune responses following vaccination with the long-peptide cancer vaccine UV1: long-term follow-up of three phase I clinical trials. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004345. [PMID: 35613827 PMCID: PMC9134181 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic cancer vaccines represent a promising approach to improve clinical outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibition. UV1 is a second generation telomerase-targeting therapeutic cancer vaccine being investigated across multiple indications. Although telomerase is a near-universal tumor target, different treatment combinations applied across indications may affect the induced immune response. Three phase I/IIa clinical trials covering malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer have been completed, with patients in follow-up for up to 8 years. METHODS 52 patients were enrolled across the three trials. UV1 was given as monotherapy in the lung cancer trial and concurrent with combined androgen blockade in the prostate cancer trial. In the melanoma study, patients initiated ipilimumab treatment 1 week after the first vaccine dose. Patients were followed for UV1-specific immune responses at frequent intervals during vaccination, and every 6 months for up to 8 years in a follow-up period. Phenotypic and functional characterizations were performed on patient-derived vaccine-specific T cell responses. RESULTS In total, 78.4% of treated patients mounted a measurable vaccine-induced T cell response in blood. The immune responses in the malignant melanoma trial, where UV1 was combined with ipilimumab, occurred more rapidly and frequently than in the lung and prostate cancer trials. In several patients, immune responses peaked years after their last vaccination. An in-depth characterization of the immune responses revealed polyfunctional CD4+ T cells producing interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α on interaction with their antigen. CONCLUSION Long-term immunomonitoring of patients showed highly dynamic and persistent telomerase peptide-specific immune responses lasting up to 7.5 years after the initial vaccination, suggesting a plausible functional role of these T cells in long-term survivors. The superior immune response kinetics observed in the melanoma study substantiate the rationale for future combinatorial treatment strategies with UV1 vaccination and checkpoint inhibition for rapid and frequent induction of anti-telomerase immune responses in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Basmo Ellingsen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Ultimovacs ASA, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Aamdal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tormod Guren
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Paal F Brunsvig
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara M Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Ultimovacs AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Mensali
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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High GILT Expression Is Associated with Improved Survival in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092200. [PMID: 35565329 PMCID: PMC9100272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, with melanoma being among the deadliest of skin cancers due to its propensity to metastasize. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) generate anti-tumor immune responses resulting in improved outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma. However, only a subset of melanoma patients responds to these therapies, which are costly and come with a risk of adverse effects. Therefore, there is a need for biomarkers to predict which patients will respond to ICI. We found that ICI-treated metastatic melanoma patients with high GILT mRNA expression in bulk tumor samples had improved survival. Additionally, high GILT protein expression within metastatic melanoma cells was associated with improved survival in patients treated with ICI. This study suggests that GILT may serve as a biomarker to predict which patients will respond to ICI, which could improve patient care, reduce healthcare costs, and facilitate appropriate selection of therapies for patients with metastatic melanoma. Abstract Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is critical for MHC class II restricted presentation of multiple melanoma antigens. There is variable GILT protein expression in malignant melanocytes in melanoma specimens. High GILT mRNA expression in melanoma specimens is associated with improved overall survival, before the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, the association of GILT in metastatic melanoma with survival in patients treated with ICI and the cell type expressing GILT associated with survival have not been determined. Using RNA sequencing datasets, high GILT mRNA expression in metastatic melanoma specimens was associated with improved progression-free and overall survival in patients treated with ICI. A clinical dataset of metastatic melanoma specimens was generated and annotated with clinical information. Positive GILT immunohistochemical staining in antigen presenting cells and melanoma cells was observed in 100% and 65% of metastatic melanoma specimens, respectively. In the subset of patients treated with ICI in the clinical dataset, high GILT protein expression within melanoma cells was associated with improved overall survival. The association of GILT mRNA and protein expression with survival was independent of cancer stage. These studies support that high GILT mRNA expression in bulk tumor samples and high GILT protein expression in melanoma cells is associated with improved survival in ICI-treated patients. These findings support further investigation of GILT as a biomarker to predict the response to ICI.
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121
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Vincenti I, Page N, Steinbach K, Yermanos A, Lemeille S, Nunez N, Kreutzfeldt M, Klimek B, Di Liberto G, Egervari K, Piccinno M, Shammas G, Mariotte A, Fonta N, Liaudet N, Shlesinger D, Liuzzi AR, Wagner I, Saadi C, Stadelmann C, Reddy S, Becher B, Merkler D. Tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells cooperate with CD4 + T cells to drive compartmentalized immunopathology in the CNS. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl6058. [PMID: 35417190 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), immune cells persisting behind the blood-brain barrier are supposed to promulgate local tissue destruction. The drivers of such compartmentalized inflammation remain unclear, but tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) represent a potentially important cellular player in this process. Here, we investigated whether resting CD8+ TRM persisting after cleared infection with attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) can initiate immune responses directed against cognate self-antigen in the CNS. We demonstrated that time-delayed conditional expression of the LCMV glycoprotein as neo-self-antigen by glia cells reactivated CD8+ TRM. Subsequently, CD8+ TRM expanded and initiated CNS inflammation and immunopathology in an organ-autonomous manner independently of circulating CD8+ T cells. However, in the absence of CD4+ T cells, TCF-1+ CD8+ TRM failed to expand and differentiate into terminal effectors. Similarly, in human demyelinating CNS autoimmune lesions, we found CD8+ T cells expressing TCF-1 that predominantly exhibited a TRM-like phenotype. Together, our study provides evidence for CD8+ TRM-driven CNS immunopathology and sheds light on why inflammatory processes may evade current immunomodulatory treatments in chronic autoimmune CNS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilena Vincenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karin Steinbach
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Yermanos
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Nunez
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Klimek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristof Egervari
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Piccinno
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ghazal Shammas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Mariotte
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fonta
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Liaudet
- Bioimaging core facility, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Shlesinger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Rita Liuzzi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia Saadi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sai Reddy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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122
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Paschen A, Melero I, Ribas A. Central Role of the Antigen-Presentation and Interferon-γ Pathways in Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070220-111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to immunotherapy is due in some instances to the acquired stealth mechanisms of tumor cells that lose expression of MHC class I antigen–presenting molecules or downregulate their class I antigen–presentation pathways. Most dramatically, biallelic β2-microglobulin (B2M) loss leads to complete loss of MHC class I expression and to invisibility to CD8+ T cells. MHC class I expression and antigen presentation are potently upregulated by interferon-γ (IFNγ) in a manner that depends on IFNγ receptor (IFNGR) signaling via JAK1 and JAK2. Mutations in these molecules lead to IFNγ unresponsiveness and mediate loss of recognition and killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Loss of MHC class I augments sensitivity of tumor cells to be killed by natural killer (NK) lymphocytes, and this mechanism could be exploited to revert resistance, for instance, with interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based agents. Moreover, in some experimental models,potent local type I interferon responses, such as those following intratumoral injection of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) or TLR3 agonists, revert resistance due to mutations of JAKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Ignacio Melero
- University Clinic of Navarre (CUN) and Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC (Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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123
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Veatch JR, Lee SM, Shasha C, Singhi N, Szeto JL, Moshiri AS, Kim TS, Smythe K, Kong P, Fitzgibbon M, Jesernig B, Bhatia S, Tykodi SS, Hall ET, Byrd DR, Thompson JA, Pillarisetty VG, Duhen T, McGarry Houghton A, Newell E, Gottardo R, Riddell SR. Neoantigen-specific CD4 + T cells in human melanoma have diverse differentiation states and correlate with CD8 + T cell, macrophage, and B cell function. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:393-409.e9. [PMID: 35413271 PMCID: PMC9011147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells that recognize tumor antigens are required for immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in murine models, but their contributions in human cancer are unclear. We used single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor sequences to identify signatures and functional correlates of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells infiltrating human melanoma. Conventional CD4+ T cells that recognize tumor neoantigens express CXCL13 and are subdivided into clusters expressing memory and T follicular helper markers, and those expressing cytolytic markers, inhibitory receptors, and IFN-γ. The frequency of CXCL13+ CD4+ T cells in the tumor correlated with the transcriptional states of CD8+ T cells and macrophages, maturation of B cells, and patient survival. Similar correlations were observed in a breast cancer cohort. These results identify phenotypes and functional correlates of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells in melanoma and suggest the possibility of using such cells to modify the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Veatch
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Sylvia M Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carolyn Shasha
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naina Singhi
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julia L Szeto
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ata S Moshiri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly Smythe
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Kong
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Fitzgibbon
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brenda Jesernig
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shailender Bhatia
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott S Tykodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan T Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David R Byrd
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John A Thompson
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Duhen
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A McGarry Houghton
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan Newell
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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124
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Bediaga NG, Garnham AL, Naselli G, Bandala-Sanchez E, Stone NL, Cobb J, Harbison JE, Wentworth JM, Ziegler AG, Couper JJ, Smyth GK, Harrison LC. Cytotoxicity-Related Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Define a Subset of CD4+ T Cells That Mark Progression to Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:566-577. [PMID: 35007320 PMCID: PMC8893947 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes in children is heralded by a preclinical phase defined by circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islet antigens. How islet autoimmunity is initiated and then progresses to clinical diabetes remains poorly understood. Only one study has reported gene expression in specific immune cells of children at risk associated with progression to islet autoimmunity. We analyzed gene expression with RNA sequencing in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and B cells, and chromatin accessibility by assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) in CD4+ T cells, in five genetically at risk children with islet autoantibodies who progressed to diabetes over a median of 3 years ("progressors") compared with five children matched for sex, age, and HLA-DR who had not progressed ("nonprogressors"). In progressors, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were largely confined to CD4+ T cells and enriched for cytotoxicity-related genes/pathways. Several top-ranked DEGs were validated in a semi-independent cohort of 13 progressors and 11 nonprogressors. Flow cytometry confirmed that progression was associated with expansion of CD4+ cells with a cytotoxic phenotype. By ATAC-seq, progression was associated with reconfiguration of regulatory chromatin regions in CD4+ cells, some linked to differentially expressed cytotoxicity-related genes. Our findings suggest that cytotoxic CD4+ T cells play a role in promoting progression to type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara G. Bediaga
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alexandra L. Garnham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Natalie L. Stone
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joanna Cobb
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Harbison
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John M. Wentworth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Annette-G. Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer J. Couper
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonard C. Harrison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Corresponding author: Leonard C. Harrison,
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125
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Godoy-Tena G, Ballestar E. Epigenetics of Dendritic Cells in Tumor Immunology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051179. [PMID: 35267487 PMCID: PMC8909611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells with the distinctive property of inducing the priming and differentiation of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into helper and cytotoxic effector T cells to develop efficient tumor-immune responses. DCs display pathogenic and tumorigenic antigens on their surface through major histocompatibility complexes to directly influence the differentiation of T cells. Cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including cancer cells and other immune-infiltrated cells, can lead DCs to acquire an immune-tolerogenic phenotype that facilitates tumor progression. Epigenetic alterations contribute to cancer development, not only by directly affecting cancer cells, but also by their fundamental role in the differentiation of DCs that acquire a tolerogenic phenotype that, in turn, suppresses T cell-mediated responses. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic regulation of DCs that have infiltrated the TME and discuss how knowledge of the epigenetic control of DCs can be used to improve DC-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Godoy-Tena
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
- Epigenetics in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Health Science Center (HSC), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence:
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126
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Liu T, Shen J, He Q, Xu S. Identification of a Novel Immune-Related lncRNA CTD-2288O8.1 Regulating Cisplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Based on Integrated Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:814291. [PMID: 35237300 PMCID: PMC8884246 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.814291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, in which chemoresistance is a crucial factor leading to the poor prognosis. Recently, immunotherapy has brought new light for the treatment of solid tumors. Hence, as a kind of immunologically active cancer, it is reasonably necessary to explore the potential mechanism between immune characteristics and cisplatin resistance in OC. Our study focused on the important role of cisplatin resistance-related lncRNAs on mediating the OC tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) using an integrative analysis based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. First, the cisplatin resistance-related differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and mRNAs (DEMs) were preliminarily screened to construct a DEL–DEM co-expression network. Next, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and pivot analysis were performed to reveal the relevance of these lncRNAs with tumor immune response. Second, the novel lncRNA CTD-2288O8.1 was identified as a key gene for the OC cisplatin resistance formation by qRT-PCR and survival analysis. Gain- and loss-of-function assays (Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound-healing scratch assay, transwell assay, and colony formation assay) further verified the activity of CTD-2288O8.1 in OC progression as well. Third, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied along with the correlation analyses of CTD-2288O8.1 with ImmuneScore, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs), and immune inhibitory checkpoint molecules, illustrating that CTD-2288O8.1 was strongly associated with the TIME and has the potential to predict the effect of OC immunotherapy. In addition, basic experiments demonstrated that the expression of CTD-2288O8.1 impacted the EGFR/AKT signal pathway activity of OC tumor cells. Of greater significance, it promoted the M2 polarization of macrophage, which is a type of the most important components of the TIME in solid tumor. Taking together, our study revealed cisplatin resistance-related lncRNAs closely linked with tumor immunity in OC, underscoring the potential mechanism of the TIME in conferring cisplatin resistance, which provided the research basis for further clinical treatment. CTD-2288O8.1 was identified to mediate cisplatin resistance and affect the response of immunotherapy, which could serve as a promising biomarker for guiding clinical treatment and improving prognosis in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhi He
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qizhi He, ; Shaohua Xu,
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qizhi He, ; Shaohua Xu,
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127
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Yi R, Hong S, Zhang Y, Lin A, Ying H, Zou W, Wang Q, Wei T, Cheng Q, Zhu W, Luo P, Zhang J. MHC-II Signature Correlates With Anti-Tumor Immunity and Predicts anti-PD-L1 Response of Bladder Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:757137. [PMID: 35223828 PMCID: PMC8873787 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.757137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of anti-tumor immunity research is focused on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules and CD8+ T cells. Despite mounting evidence has shown that CD4+ T cells play a major role in anti-tumor immunity, the role of the MHC-II molecules in tumor immunotherapy has not been thoroughly researched and reported. In this study, we defined a MHC-II signature for the first time by calculating the enrichment score of MHC-II protein binding pathway with a single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. To evaluate and validate the predictive value of the MHC class II (MHC-II) signature, we collected the transcriptome, mutation data and matched clinical data of bladder cancer patients from IMvigor210, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Comprehensive analyses of immunome, transcriptome, metabolome, genome and drugome were performed in order to determine the association of MHC-II signature and tumor immunotherapy. We identified that MHC-II signature is an independent and favorable predictor of immune response and the prognosis of bladder cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), one that may be superior to tumor mutation burden. MHC-II signature was significantly associated with increased immune cell infiltration and levels of immune-related gene expression signatures. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis showed immune activation in the high-MHC-II signature subgroup, whereas it showed fatty acid metabolism and glucuronidation in the low-MHC-II signature subgroup. Moreover, exploration of corresponding genomic profiles highlighted the significance of tumor protein p53 (TP53) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) alterations. Our results also allowed for the identification of candidate compounds for combined immunotherapy treatment that may be beneficial for patients with bladder cancer and a high MHC-II signature. In conclusion, this study provides a new perspective on MHC-II signature, as an independent and favorable predictor of immune response and prognosis of bladder cancer treated with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Yi
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Hong
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxuan Ying
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Zou
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongyao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weiliang Zhu, ; Peng Luo, ; Jian Zhang,
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weiliang Zhu, ; Peng Luo, ; Jian Zhang,
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weiliang Zhu, ; Peng Luo, ; Jian Zhang,
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128
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Harnessing Antitumor CD4 + T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010260. [PMID: 35008422 PMCID: PMC8750687 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diverse evidence revealed that CD4+ T cells play an important role in antitumor immunity by promoting or suppressing cytotoxic T cell responses. This review outlines the role of CD4+ T subsets within the tumor microenvironment and summarizes the latest progress regarding their potentials in cancer immunotherapy and methods for improving outcomes in cancer strategies by modulating CD4+ T responses. Abstract Over the past decades, CD4+ T cells have been considered as a supporting actor in the fields of cancer immunotherapy. Until recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the critical role of CD4+ T cells during antitumor immunity. CD4+ T cells can either suppress or promote the antitumor cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses, either in secondary lymphoid organs or in the tumor. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted role of different CD4+ T cell subsets in cancer immune response and their contribution during cancer therapies. Specifically, we focus on the latest progress regarding the impact of CD4+ T cell modulation on immunotherapies and other cancer therapies and discuss the prospect for harnessing CD4+ T cells to control tumor progression and prevent recurrence in patients.
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129
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Kravtsov DS, Erbe AK, Sondel PM, Rakhmilevich AL. Roles of CD4+ T cells as mediators of antitumor immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972021. [PMID: 36159781 PMCID: PMC9500154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that CD8+ T cells serve as effector cells of the adaptive immune response against tumors, whereas CD4+ T cells either help or suppress the generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. However, in several experimental models as well as in cancer patients, it has been shown that CD4+ T cells can also mediate antitumor immunity either directly by killing tumor cells or indirectly by activating innate immune cells or by reducing tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the growing evidence of this underappreciated role of CD4+ T cells as mediators of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy S. Kravtsov
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amy K. Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Paul M. Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexander L. Rakhmilevich
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexander L. Rakhmilevich,
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130
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Arnaud M, Chiffelle J, Genolet R, Navarro Rodrigo B, Perez MAS, Huber F, Magnin M, Nguyen-Ngoc T, Guillaume P, Baumgaertner P, Chong C, Stevenson BJ, Gfeller D, Irving M, Speiser DE, Schmidt J, Zoete V, Kandalaft LE, Bassani-Sternberg M, Bobisse S, Coukos G, Harari A. Sensitive identification of neoantigens and cognate TCRs in human solid tumors. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:656-660. [PMID: 34782741 PMCID: PMC9110298 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification of patient-specific tumor antigens is complicated by the low frequency of T cells specific for each tumor antigen. Here we describe NeoScreen, a method that enables the sensitive identification of rare tumor (neo)antigens and of cognate T cell receptors (TCRs) expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. T cells transduced with tumor antigen-specific TCRs identified by NeoScreen mediate regression of established tumors in patient-derived xenograft mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Arnaud
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Chiffelle
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Genolet
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Navarro Rodrigo
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta A. S. Perez
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Huber
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Magnin
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tu Nguyen-Ngoc
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guillaume
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Baumgaertner
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chloe Chong
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian J. Stevenson
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Schmidt
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E. Kandalaft
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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131
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Oh DY, Fong L. Cytotoxic CD4 + T cells in cancer: Expanding the immune effector toolbox. Immunity 2021; 54:2701-2711. [PMID: 34910940 PMCID: PMC8809482 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cells are important effectors of anti-tumor immunity. While tumor killing is ascribed to CD8+ T cell function, pre-clinical and clinical studies have identified intra-tumoral CD4+ T cells that possess cytotoxic programs and can directly kill cancer cells. Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are found in other disease settings including infection and autoimmunity. Here, we review the phenotypic and functional characteristics of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in non-cancer and cancer contexts. We conduct a comparative examination of cytolytic mechanisms of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells across disease states and synthesize features that define these cells independent of context. We discuss regulatory mechanisms driving ontogeny and effector function and evidence for the clinical relevance of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in cancer. In this context, we highlight important gaps in understanding in the biology of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells as well as the potential use of these cells in immunotherapies for specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Oh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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132
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Duraiswamy J, Turrini R, Minasyan A, Barras D, Crespo I, Grimm AJ, Casado J, Genolet R, Benedetti F, Wicky A, Ioannidou K, Castro W, Neal C, Moriot A, Renaud-Tissot S, Anstett V, Fahr N, Tanyi JL, Eiva MA, Jacobson CA, Montone KT, Westergaard MCW, Svane IM, Kandalaft LE, Delorenzi M, Sorger PK, Färkkilä A, Michielin O, Zoete V, Carmona SJ, Foukas PG, Powell DJ, Rusakiewicz S, Doucey MA, Dangaj Laniti D, Coukos G. Myeloid antigen-presenting cell niches sustain antitumor T cells and license PD-1 blockade via CD28 costimulation. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1623-1642.e20. [PMID: 34739845 PMCID: PMC8861565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and responsiveness to PD-1 blockade remain partly unknown. In human ovarian cancer, we show that tumor-specific CD8+ TIL accumulate in tumor islets, where they engage antigen and upregulate PD-1, which restrains their functions. Intraepithelial PD-1+CD8+ TIL can be, however, polyfunctional. PD-1+ TIL indeed exhibit a continuum of exhaustion states, with variable levels of CD28 costimulation, which is provided by antigen-presenting cells (APC) in intraepithelial tumor myeloid niches. CD28 costimulation is associated with improved effector fitness of exhausted CD8+ TIL and is required for their activation upon PD-1 blockade, which also requires tumor myeloid APC. Exhausted TIL lacking proper CD28 costimulation in situ fail to respond to PD-1 blockade, and their response may be rescued by local CTLA-4 blockade and tumor APC stimulation via CD40L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaikumar Duraiswamy
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Riccardo Turrini
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aspram Minasyan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Barras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alizée J Grimm
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Casado
- Research Program of Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raphael Genolet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Benedetti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Wicky
- Center for Precision Oncology, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kalliopi Ioannidou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wilson Castro
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Neal
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Moriot
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Renaud-Tissot
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victor Anstett
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Fahr
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janos L Tanyi
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monika A Eiva
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Connor A Jacobson
- Harvard Ludwig Center, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen T Montone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, UNIL, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Harvard Ludwig Center, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Research Program of Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Center for Precision Oncology, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santiago J Carmona
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Periklis G Foukas
- 2nd Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sylvie Rusakiewicz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Agnès Doucey
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denarda Dangaj Laniti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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133
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Dixon ML, Luo L, Ghosh S, Grimes JM, Leavenworth JD, Leavenworth JW. Remodeling of the tumor microenvironment via disrupting Blimp1 + effector Treg activity augments response to anti-PD-1 blockade. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:150. [PMID: 34798898 PMCID: PMC8605582 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the tumor often represents an important mechanism for cancer immune evasion and a critical barrier to anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Many tumor-infiltrating Treg cells display an activated phenotype and express the transcription factor Blimp1. However, the specific impact of these Blimp1+ Treg cells and their follicular regulatory T (TFR) cell subset on tumor and the underlying mechanisms of action are not yet well-explored. METHODS Various transplantable tumor models were established in immunocompetent wild-type mice and mice with a Foxp3-specific ablation of Blimp1. Tumor specimens from patients with metastatic melanoma and TCGA datasets were analyzed to support the potential role of Treg and TFR cells in tumor immunity. In vitro culture assays and in vivo adoptive transfer assays were used to understand how Treg, TFR cells and antibody responses influence tumor control. RNA sequencing and NanoString analysis were performed to reveal the transcriptome of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells and tumor cells, respectively. Finally, the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 treatment combined with the disruption of Blimp1+ Treg activity were evaluated. RESULTS Blimp1+ Treg and TFR cells were enriched in the tumors, and higher tumoral TFR signatures indicated increased risk of melanoma metastasis. Deletion of Blimp1 in Treg cells resulted in impaired suppressive activity and a reprogramming into effector T-cells, which were largely restricted to the tumor-infiltrating Treg population. This destabilization combined with increased anti-tumor effector cellular responses, follicular helper T-cell expansion, enhanced tumoral IgE deposition and activation of macrophages secondary to dysregulated TFR cells, remodeled the tumor microenvironment and delayed tumor growth. The increased tumor immunogenicity with MHC upregulation improved response to anti-PD-1 blockade. Mechanistically, Blimp1 enforced intratumoral Treg cells with a unique transcriptional program dependent on Eomesodermin (Eomes) expression; deletion of Eomes in Blimp1-deficient Treg cells restored tumor growth and attenuated anti-tumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed Blimp1 as a new critical regulator of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells and a potential target for modulating Treg activity to treat cancer. Our study has also revealed two FCERIA-containing immune signatures as promising diagnostic or prognostic markers for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Dixon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 6th Avenue South, CHB 118A, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 6th Avenue South, CHB 118A, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Sadashib Ghosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 6th Avenue South, CHB 118A, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,The O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Grimes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 6th Avenue South, CHB 118A, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jonathan D Leavenworth
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 6th Avenue South, CHB 118A, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA. .,The O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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134
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Nicolet BP, Guislain A, Wolkers MC. CD29 Enriches for Cytotoxic Human CD4 + T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2966-2975. [PMID: 34782446 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are key contributors in the induction of adaptive immune responses against pathogens. Even though CD4+ T cells are primarily classified as noncytotoxic helper T cells, it has become appreciated that a subset of CD4+ T cells is cytotoxic. However, tools to identify these cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are lacking. We recently showed that CD29 (integrin β1, ITGB1) expression on human CD8+ T cells enriches for the most potent cytotoxic T cells. In this study, we questioned whether CD29 expression also associates with cytotoxic CD4+ T cells. We show that human peripheral blood-derived CD29hiCD4+ T cells display a cytotoxic gene expression profile, which closely resembles that of CD29hi cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. This CD29hi cytotoxic phenotype was observed ex vivo and was maintained in in vitro cultures. CD29 expression enriched for CD4+ T cells, which effectively produced the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α, and cytotoxic molecules. Lastly, CD29-expressing CD4+ T cells transduced with a MART1-specific TCR showed target cell killing in vitro. In conclusion, we demonstrate in this study that CD29 can be employed to enrich for cytotoxic human CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît P Nicolet
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aurelie Guislain
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monika C Wolkers
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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135
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Elliot TAE, Jennings EK, Lecky DAJ, Thawait N, Flores-Langarica A, Copland A, Maslowski KM, Wraith DC, Bending D. Antigen and checkpoint receptor engagement recalibrates T cell receptor signal strength. Immunity 2021; 54:2481-2496.e6. [PMID: 34534438 PMCID: PMC8585507 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
How T cell receptor (TCR) signal strength modulates T cell function and to what extent this is modified by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) are key questions in immunology. Using Nr4a3-Tocky mice, we characterized early quantitative and qualitative changes that occur in CD4+ T cells in relation to TCR signaling strength. We captured how dose- and time-dependent programming of distinct co-inhibitory receptors rapidly recalibrates T cell activation thresholds and visualized the immediate effects of ICB on T cell re-activation. Our findings reveal that anti-PD1 immunotherapy leads to an increased TCR signal strength. We defined a strong TCR signal metric of five genes upregulated by anti-PD1 in T cells (TCR.strong), which was superior to a canonical T cell activation gene signature in stratifying melanoma patient outcomes to anti-PD1 therapy. Our study therefore reveals how analysis of TCR signal strength-and its manipulation-can provide powerful metrics for monitoring outcomes to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A E Elliot
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma K Jennings
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David A J Lecky
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Natasha Thawait
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Adriana Flores-Langarica
- Infrastructure and Facilities, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alastair Copland
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kendle M Maslowski
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David C Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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In Silico Model Estimates the Clinical Trial Outcome of Cancer Vaccines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113048. [PMID: 34831269 PMCID: PMC8616443 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 30 years after the first cancer vaccine clinical trial (CT), scientists still search the missing link between immunogenicity and clinical responses. A predictor able to estimate the outcome of cancer vaccine CTs would greatly benefit vaccine development. Published results of 94 CTs with 64 therapeutic vaccines were collected. We found that preselection of CT subjects based on a single matching HLA allele does not increase immune response rates (IRR) compared with non-preselected CTs (median 60% vs. 57%, p = 0.4490). A representative in silico model population (MP) comprising HLA-genotyped subjects was used to retrospectively calculate in silico IRRs of CTs based on the percentage of MP-subjects having epitope(s) predicted to bind ≥ 1–4 autologous HLA allele(s). We found that in vitro measured IRRs correlated with the frequency of predicted multiple autologous allele-binding epitopes (AUC 0.63–0.79). Subgroup analysis of multi-antigen targeting vaccine CTs revealed correlation between clinical response rates (CRRs) and predicted multi-epitope IRRs when HLA threshold was ≥ 3 (r = 0.7463, p = 0.0004) but not for single HLA allele-binding epitopes (r = 0.2865, p = 0.2491). Our results suggest that CRR depends on the induction of broad T-cell responses and both IRR and CRR can be predicted when epitopes binding to multiple autologous HLAs are considered.
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Zhang G, Zheng G, Jiang F, Wu T, Wu L. Granzyme B and perforin produced by SEC2 mutant-activated human CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells induce apoptosis of K562 leukemic cells by the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:284-290. [PMID: 34492245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2), a classical representative of superantigens, activates T cells that produce massive cytokines. This characteristic makes SEC2 a promising candidate drug for cancer immunotherapy. Previous study showed that ST-4, a SEC2 mutant, enhanced recognition of mouse T-cell receptor Vβ regions, and activated the increased number of T cells that produced more cytokines. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and antitumor effect on human tumor cells remains unknown. Herein, we showed that ST-4 significantly activated TCR Vβ 12, 13A, 14, 15, 17, and 20 CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which produced substantial amounts of granzyme B and perforin. These cytokines exhibited antitumor effect on K562 cells by promoting apoptosis and inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest. Conversely, the granzyme B inhibitor or perforin inhibitor significantly weakened antitumor effect of ST-4, accompanied by a decrease of cleaved proapoptotic BAX and cytochrome c, and an increase of antiapoptotic BCL2. Taken together, these data suggest that granzyme B and perforin produced by ST-4-activated CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells play a pivotal role in inducing K562 cell apoptosis by the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and support ST-4 as a potential candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area District, 110122 Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute), No. 44, Xiaoheyan Road, Shenhe District, 110042 Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengli Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area District, 110122 Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area District, 110122 Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area District, 110122 Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Wang B, He Z, Yu H, Ou Z, Chen J, Yang M, Fan X, Lin T, Huang J. Intravesical Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive Hemagglutinin vaccine triggers a tumor-preventing immune environment in an orthotopic mouse bladder cancer model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:1507-1517. [PMID: 34718847 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy can prevent recurrence and progression in selected patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, significant adverse events and treatment failure suggest the need for alternative agents. A commercial anti-infection vaccine comprises a genetically engineered heat-killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) expressing many mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (MSHA) fimbriae, termed PA-MSHA, which could be a candidate for bladder cancer intravesical therapy. In an immunocompetent orthotopic MB49 bladder cancer model, we characterized the antitumor effects and mechanisms of PA-MSHA compared with those of BCG. Three weekly intravesical PA-MSHA or BCG treatments reduced tumor involvement; however, only PA-MSHA prolonged survival against MB49 implantation significantly. In non-tumor-bearing mice after treatment, flow-cytometry analysis showed PA-MSHA and BCG induced an increased CD4/CD8 ratio, the levels of effector memory T cell phenotypes (CD44, CXCR-3, and IFN-γ), and the proportion of CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6C-IA/IE+ mature macrophages, but a decrease in the proportion of CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6C+IA/IE- monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Mo-MDSCs) and the expression of suppressive molecules on immune cells (PD-L1, PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3). Notably, PA-MSHA, but not BCG, significantly reduced PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on CD4+ T cells, which might account for the better effects of PA-MSHA than BCG. However, in tumor-bearing mice after treatment, the increased proportion of Mo-MDSCs and high expression of PD-L1 might be involved in treatment failure. Thus, modulating the balance among adaptive and innate immune responses was identified as a key process underlying PA-MSHA-mediated treatment efficacy. The results demonstrated mechanisms underlying intravesical PA-MSHA therapy, pointing at its potential as an alternative effective treatment for NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua He
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Ou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxiang Fan
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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139
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Qi J, Liu X, Yan P, He S, Lin Y, Huang Z, Zhang S, Xie S, Li Y, Lu X, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Yuan J, Cai T, Zheng X, Ding Y, Yang W. Analysis of Immune Landscape Reveals Prognostic Significance of Cytotoxic CD4 + T Cells in the Central Region of pMMR CRC. Front Oncol 2021; 11:724232. [PMID: 34631551 PMCID: PMC8493090 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.724232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mismatch repair proficient colorectal cancer (pMMR CRC) lacks effective treatments and has a poor prognosis, which can be attributed to the complexity of tumor microenvironment. The coordinated function of immune cells is vital to anti-tumor immunity. However, the spatial characteristics of immune cells in the pMMR CRC immune microenvironment and their relationship with clinical prognosis are not fully understood. Meanwhile, the immune modulatory effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), which is the first-line treatment of pMMR CRC, needs further investigation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the spatial dynamics of immune cells and its prognostic value in pMMR CRC. Methods We analyzed the various immune cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues which were collected from 77 patients with stage II/III of pMMR CRC, including 39 non-NCT treated and 38 NCT treated patients. We used the optimized multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) to identify and quantify the density, type and location of immune cells in pMMR CRC. Multivariate survival analysis was performed to assess the relationship of immune profiles and clinical prognosis of pMMR CRC patients. Results The densities of most T cell subsets, B cells and macrophages were higher in the central region of the pMMR CRC than in the invasion margin. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially the infiltration of CD4+ GzmB+ T cells in the central region of the tumor was identified to be positively correlated with the prognosis of the patients. Multivariate analysis confirmed that CD4+ GzmB+ T cells population was an independent predictor of disease-free survival (DFS) in non-NCT group. Meanwhile, NCT enhanced the infiltration of CD4+ GzmB+ T cells in the central region of the pMMR CRC, which was also identified as an independent protective factor of overall survival (OS) and DFS in NCT group. Conclusion We demonstrated that the level of CD4+ GzmB+ T cells located in the center of tumor could provide great prognostic value for pMMR CRC patients. And the application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy further improves the infiltration of CD4+ GzmB+ T cells in the central compartment. Further studies into the application of CD4+ GzmB+ T cells in tumor immunotherapy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Qi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peian Yan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangwen He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Lin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Xie
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangshu Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Yuan
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zheng
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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140
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Arnaud M, Bobisse S, Chiffelle J, Harari A. The Promise of Personalized TCR-Based Cellular Immunotherapy for Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701636. [PMID: 34394096 PMCID: PMC8363295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation-derived neoantigens are now established as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. The field of adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) therapy was significantly reshaped by tumor neoantigens and is now moving towards the genetic engineering of T cells with neoantigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs). Yet, the identification of neoantigen-reactive TCRs remains challenging and the process needs to be adapted to clinical timelines. In addition, the state of recipient T cells for TCR transduction is critical and can affect TCR-ACT efficacy. Here we provide an overview of the main strategies for TCR-engineering, describe the selection and expansion of optimal carrier cells for TCR-ACT and discuss the next-generation methods for rapid identification of relevant TCR candidates for gene transfer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Arnaud
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Chiffelle
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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141
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Ramello MC, Núñez NG, Tosello Boari J, Bossio SN, Canale FP, Abrate C, Ponce N, Del Castillo A, Ledesma M, Viel S, Richer W, Sedlik C, Tiraboschi C, Muñoz M, Compagno D, Gruppi A, Acosta Rodríguez EV, Piaggio E, Montes CL. Polyfunctional KLRG-1 +CD57 + Senescent CD4 + T Cells Infiltrate Tumors and Are Expanded in Peripheral Blood From Breast Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713132. [PMID: 34386013 PMCID: PMC8353459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent T cells have been described during aging, chronic infections, and cancer; however, a comprehensive study of the phenotype, function, and transcriptional program of this T cell population in breast cancer (BC) patients is missing. Compared to healthy donors (HDs), BC patients exhibit an accumulation of KLRG-1+CD57+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood. These T cells infiltrate tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes. KLRG-1+CD57+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from BC patients and HDs exhibit features of senescence, and despite their inhibitory receptor expression, they produce more effector cytokines and exhibit higher expression of Perforin, Granzyme B, and CD107a than non-senescent subsets. When compared to blood counterparts, tumor-infiltrating senescent CD4+ T cells show similar surface phenotype but reduced cytokine production. Transcriptional profiling of senescent CD4+ T cells from the peripheral blood of BC patients reveals enrichment in genes associated with NK or CD8+-mediated cytotoxicity, TCR-mediated stimulation, and cell exhaustion compared to non-senescent T cells. Comparison of the transcriptional profile of senescent CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood of BC patients with those of HDs highlighted marked similarities but also relevant differences. Senescent CD4+ T cells from BC patients show enrichment in T-cell signaling, processes involved in DNA replication, p53 pathways, oncogene-induced senescence, among others compared to their counterparts in HDs. High gene expression of CD4, KLRG-1, and B3GAT1 (CD57), which correlates with increased overall survival for BC patients, underscores the usefulness of the evaluation of the frequency of senescent CD4+ T cells as a biomarker in the follow-up of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Ramello
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás G Núñez
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Jimena Tosello Boari
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina N Bossio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando P Canale
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Abrate
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Ponce
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Marta Ledesma
- Gynecology Deparment, Hospital Rawson, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sophie Viel
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Wilfrid Richer
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Christine Sedlik
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Carolina Tiraboschi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, CABA (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Marcos Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Medicina experimental y terapéutica, IMIBIO, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, CABA (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V Acosta Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Translational Research Department, Paris, France; INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Carolina L Montes
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Gao M, Xie Y, Lei K, Zhao Y, Kurum A, Van Herck S, Guo Y, Hu X, Tang L. A Manganese Phosphate Nanocluster Activates the cGAS‐STING Pathway for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Institute of Bioengineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Yu‐Qing Xie
- Institute of Bioengineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Kewen Lei
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Bioengineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Armand Kurum
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Simon Van Herck
- Institute of Bioengineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Yugang Guo
- Institute of Bioengineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- Institute of Bioengineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
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143
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Diet-Induced Obesity Impairs Outcomes and Induces Multi-Factorial Deficiencies in Effector T Cell Responses Following Anti-CTLA-4 Combinatorial Immunotherapy in Renal Tumor-Bearing Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102295. [PMID: 34064933 PMCID: PMC8151089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy use has become standard for many patients with advanced kidney cancer; unfortunately, <50% of patients experience durable responses. Mounting evidence suggests that modifiable factors, such as diet and obesity, impact immunotherapy outcomes. Obesity, a major U.S. health epidemic, blunts anti-tumor immunity and promotes tumor growth in multiple preclinical models. However, the full biological impact of obesity on the T cell responses needed to achieve positive immunotherapy outcomes remains unclear. Here, we studied the effects of obesity on T cell responses following combinatorial immunotherapy in a mouse model of kidney cancer. We found that obesity is associated with blunted effector T cell responses, resulting in diminished immunotherapy outcomes. This therapy produces sustained T cell responses and robust tumor control in obese-resistant mice fed the same high-fat diet. Finding ways to amplify T cell responses within renal tumors from hosts with obesity will be critical for achieving optimal immunotherapy outcomes. Abstract Associations between modifiable factors and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies remain uncertain. We found previously that diet-induced obesity (DIO) reduces the efficacy of an immunotherapy consisting of adenovirus-encoded TRAIL plus CpG oligonucleotide (AdT/CpG) in mice with renal tumors. To eliminate confounding effects of diet and determine whether outcomes could be improved in DIO mice, we evaluated AdT/CpG combined with anti-CTLA-4 in diet-matched, obese-resistant (OB-RES) versus DIO tumor-bearing mice. Therapy-treated OB-RES mice displayed effective renal tumor control and sustained CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. In contrast, therapy-treated DIO mice exhibited progressive tumor outgrowth and blunted T cell responses, characterized by reduced intratumoral frequencies of IFNγ+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Weak effector T cell responses in therapy-treated DIO mice were accompanied by low intratumoral concentrations of the T cell chemoattractant CCL5, heightened concentrations of pro-tumorigenic GM-CSF, and impaired proliferative capacity of CD44+CD8+ T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Our findings demonstrate that in lean mice with renal tumors, combining in situ T cell priming upstream of anti-CTLA-4 enhances outcomes versus anti-CTLA-4 alone. However, host obesity is associated with heightened immunotherapy resistance, characterized by multi-factorial deficiencies in effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses that extend beyond the tumor microenvironment.
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Impact of Immunotherapy on CD4 T Cell Phenotypes and Function in Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050454. [PMID: 34064410 PMCID: PMC8147771 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a standard treatment in many cancers and it is based on three main therapeutic axes: immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), vaccination and adoptive cell transfer (ACT). If originally these therapies mainly focused on exploiting CD8 T cells given their role in the direct elimination of tumor cells, increasing evidence highlights the crucial role CD4 T cells play in the antitumor immune response. Indeed, these cells can profoundly modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) by secreting different types of cytokine or by directly eliminating cancer cells. In this review, we describe how different CD4 T cell subsets can contribute to tumor immune responses during immunotherapy and the novel high-throughput immune monitoring tools that are expected to facilitate the study of CD4 T cells, at antigen-specific and single cell level, thus accelerating bench-to-bed translational research in cancer.
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