151
|
Peng W, Li H, Zhao X, Shao B, Zhu K. Pyocyanin Modulates Gastrointestinal Transformation and Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2722-2732. [PMID: 35171599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenazines are ubiquitously produced by Pseudomonas spp. in the environment and are widely used in agriculture and clinical therapies, making their accumulation through the food chain cause potential risks to human health. Here, we utilized pyocyanin (PYO) as a representative to study the effects of phenazines on digestive tracts. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that PYO exhibited low systemic exposure, slow elimination, and low accumulation in both rat and pig models. PYO was subsequently found to induce intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, destroy the mucus layer and physical barrier, and even promote gut vascular barrier (GVB) impairment, consequently increasing the gut permeability. Additionally, integral and metabolomic analyses of the liver demonstrated that PYO induced liver inflammation and metabolic disorders. The metabolic analysis further confirmed that all of the metabolites of PYO retain the nitrogen-containing tricyclic structural skeleton of phenazines, which was the core bioactivity of phenazine compounds. These findings elucidated that PYO could be metabolized by animals. Meanwhile, high levels of PYO could induce intestinal barrier impairment and liver damage, suggesting that we should be alert to the accumulation of phenazines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Peng
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiaole Zhao
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Shao
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Gu X, Zhang S, Ma W, Wang Q, Li Y, Xia C, Xu Y, Zhang T, Yang L, Zhou M. The Impact of Instant Coffee and Decaffeinated Coffee on the Gut Microbiota and Depression-Like Behaviors of Sleep-Deprived Rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:778512. [PMID: 35283829 PMCID: PMC8914519 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.778512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Based on our previous research, chronic paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) can cause depression-like behaviors and microbial changes in gut microbiota. Coffee, as the world’s most popular drink for the lack of sleep, is beneficial to health and attention and can eliminate the cognitive sequelae caused by poor sleep. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of coffee and decaffeinated coffee on PSD rats. Research Design and Methods A total of 32 rats were divided into four groups: control group, PSD model group, conventional coffee group, and decaffeinated coffee group. Behavioral tests, including sucrose preference test, open field test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test, as well as biochemical detection for inflammatory and antioxidant indexes were performed. The effects of coffee and decaffeinated coffee on the gut microbiota of PSD rats were investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Coffee and decaffeinated coffee significantly improved the depression-like behaviors. Moreover, the serum levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were decreased in both coffee and decaffeinated coffee groups, as well as the levels of superoxide dismutase and GSH-Px were increased. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the abundance of S24-7, Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospira, and Parabacteroides were significantly increased in PSD rats, while the abundance of Akkermansia and Klebsiella were significantly decreased. After the treatment of coffee and decaffeinated coffee, the abundance of the above gut microbiota was all restored in different degrees. Coffee had relatively more significant effects on PSD-induced depressive-like behaviors, while the difference between coffee and decaffeinated coffee was not obvious in correcting the disorder of gut microbiota. Conclusions These findings have shown that both coffee and decaffeinated coffee are effective for sleep deprivation-induced depression-like behaviors and the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and indicated that caffeine may be not the only key substance of coffee for regulating gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weini Ma
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mingmei Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Malik R, Rafli R, Salmi S, Noer YA. Relationship of Sleep Quality and Oxidative Stress Level in Smartphone Users; Study in Faculty of Medicine Student, Universitas Baiturrahmah. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Excessive smartphones can affect sleep quality, reducing sleep duration. This lack of sleep will impact various health and increase levels of free radicals in the body, affecting various cell functions.
AIM: The aim of the study was to measure the relationship between sleep quality due to smartphone use and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental with pre- and post-test group study. Sleep quality was assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the smartphone addiction was assessed based on Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) score. The subjects were divided into four groups (n = 6) based on their PSQI and SAS score. The first group was the subjects with normal sleep and non-smartphone addict. The second group was the subjects with normal sleep but smartphone addict. The third group was the subjects with abnormal sleep and non-smartphone addict. Furthermore, fourth was the subjects with abnormal sleep and smartphone addiction. All the subjects were asked to sleep usually and used the smartphone as necessary a day before the study started. Blood plasma was collected from the subject before and after the study for MDA measurement. Plasma MDA was determined using the thiobarbituric acid test.
RESULTS: Smartphone use can reduce sleep quality and duration, resulting in sleep deprivation. There was no increase in MDA concentration (p > 0.05) in the ordinary and non-addictive or smartphone-addicted sleep group. Meanwhile, the group that stayed up late and was neither addictive nor addictive showed an increase in MDA levels and was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Adequate sleep can reduce blood serum MDA levels and smartphone use does not affect MDA levels.
Collapse
|
154
|
Increased physical activity improves gut microbiota composition and reduces short-chain fatty acid concentrations in older adults with insomnia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2265. [PMID: 35145140 PMCID: PMC8831598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) can improve functional abilities, well-being, and independence in older adults with insomnia. Studies have shown that PA may be linked to changes in the gut microbiota composition and its metabolites' concentrations. This association among older adults with insomnia, however, is yet to be determined. We explored the relationships between physical activity (PA) levels, gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in this population. Forty-nine community-dwelling adults with insomnia symptoms, aged 65 and older, participated in this study. Their average daily step-count and sleep continuity measures over a two-week period were calculated based on Actigraphic recordings. Each participant provided fecal samples for the microbiome and SCFA analyses, anthropometric measures, and information via questionnaires on medical history and food consumption. The gut microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations were determined by next-generation sequencing and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Participants were divided into two groups (more and less active) according to their median step/day count. We compared the microbiota abundance and SCFA concentrations between groups and performed correlation analysis between gut microbiota abundances and study variables. Different microbiota taxa in each PA group and increased SCFAs in feces of less active individuals were found. Changes in step counts were positively or negatively associated with the relative abundance of 19 ASVs, 3 microorganisms at the family level, and 11 microorganisms at the genus level. Furthermore, significant associations were discovered among physical activity, gut microbiota, SCFAs, and sleep parameters. Our findings provide new insights on the relationship between PA, gut microbiota composition, and primary metabolites in older adults with insomnia.
Collapse
|
155
|
The Effect of Sleep Deprivation and Subsequent Recovery Period on the Synaptic Proteome of Rat Cerebral Cortex. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1301-1319. [PMID: 34988919 PMCID: PMC8857111 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is commonplace in the modern way of life and has a substantial social, medical, and human cost. Sleep deprivation induces cognitive impairment such as loss of executive attention, working memory decline, poor emotion regulation, increased reaction times, and higher cognitive functions are particularly vulnerable to sleep loss. Furthermore, SD is associated with obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and a vast majority of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are accompanied by sleep disturbances. Despite the widespread scientific interest in the effect of sleep loss on synaptic function, there is a lack of investigation focusing on synaptic transmission on the proteome level. In the present study, we report the effects of SD and recovery period (RP) on the cortical synaptic proteome in rats. Synaptosomes were isolated after 8 h of SD performed by gentle handling and after 16 h of RP. The purity of synaptosome fraction was validated with western blot and electron microscopy, and the protein abundance alterations were analyzed by mass spectrometry. We observed that SD and RP have a wide impact on neurotransmitter-related proteins at both the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. The abundance of synaptic proteins has changed to a greater extent in consequence of SD than during RP: we identified 78 proteins with altered abundance after SD and 39 proteins after the course of RP. Levels of most of the altered proteins were upregulated during SD, while RP showed the opposite tendency, and three proteins (Gabbr1, Anks1b, and Decr1) showed abundance changes with opposite direction after SD and RP. The functional cluster analysis revealed that a majority of the altered proteins is related to signal transduction and regulation, synaptic transmission and synaptic assembly, protein and ion transport, and lipid and fatty acid metabolism, while the interaction network analysis revealed several connections between the significantly altered proteins and the molecular processes of synaptic plasticity or sleep. Our proteomic data implies suppression of SNARE-mediated synaptic vesicle exocytosis and impaired endocytic processes after sleep deprivation. Both SD and RP altered GABA neurotransmission and affected protein synthesis, several regulatory processes and signaling pathways, energy homeostatic processes, and metabolic pathways.
Collapse
|
156
|
Meng F, Ma G, Qiu J, Fu Z, Yan J, Wang L. Facile synthesis of Cu N-lauroyl sarcosinate nanozymes with laccase-mimicking activity and identification of toxicity effects for C. elegans. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32898-32902. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity assessment of Caenorhabditis elegans Cu-Ls Nz with laccase-like activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Meng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin Universtiy, Changchun 130012, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guofang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiahe Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhendong Fu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin Universtiy, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Lingping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Le S, Fu X, Pang M, Zhou Y, Yin G, Zhang J, Fan D. The Antioxidative Role of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy as a Downstream Regulator of Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221114178. [PMID: 36131551 PMCID: PMC9500268 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) plays an important role in regulating a variety of cellular functions by selectively degrading damaged or functional proteins in the cytoplasm. One of the cellular processes in which CMA participates is the oxidative stress response. Oxidative stress regulates CMA activity, while CMA protects cells from oxidative damage by degrading oxidized proteins and preventing the accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in CMA activity have been found in many human diseases, and oxidative stress is also involved. Therefore, understanding the interaction mechanism of ROS and CMA will provide new targets for disease treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of CMA in combatting oxidative stress during the development of different conditions, such as aging, neurodegeneration, liver diseases, infections, pulmonary disorders, and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Le
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Maogui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoqing Yin
- Department of Oncology, 572481Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, 572481Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Melhuish Beaupre LM, Brown GM, Braganza NA, Kennedy JL, Gonçalves VF. Mitochondria's role in sleep: Novel insights from sleep deprivation and restriction studies. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:1-13. [PMID: 33821750 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1907723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/METHODS The biology underlying sleep is not yet fully elucidated, but it is known to be complex and largely influenced by circadian rhythms. Compelling evidence supports of a link among circadian rhythms, sleep and metabolism, which suggests a role for mitochondria. These organelles play a significant role in energy metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and several mitochondrial enzymes display circadian oscillations. However, the interplay between mitochondria and sleep is not as well-known. This review summarises human and animal studies that have examined the role of mitochondria in sleep. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. RESULTS Using various models of sleep deprivation, animal studies support the involvement of mitochondria in sleep via differential gene and protein expression patterns, OXPHOS enzyme activity, and morphology changes. Human studies are more limited but also show differences in OXPHOS enzyme activity and protein levels among individuals who have undergone sleep deprivation or suffer from different forms of insomnia. CONCLUSIONS Taken altogether, both types of study provide evidence for mitochondria's involvement in the sleep-wake cycle. We briefly discuss the potential clinical implications of these studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Melhuish Beaupre
- Department of Molecular Brain Science Research, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory M Brown
- Department of Molecular Brain Science Research, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole A Braganza
- Department of Molecular Brain Science Research, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Brain Science Research, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa F Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Brain Science Research, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Multi-Modal Regulation of Circadian Physiology by Interactive Features of Biological Clocks. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010021. [PMID: 35053019 PMCID: PMC8772734 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a fundamental biological timing mechanism that generates nearly 24 h rhythms of physiology and behaviors, including sleep/wake cycles, hormone secretion, and metabolism. Evolutionarily, the endogenous clock is thought to confer living organisms, including humans, with survival benefits by adapting internal rhythms to the day and night cycles of the local environment. Mirroring the evolutionary fitness bestowed by the circadian clock, daily mismatches between the internal body clock and environmental cycles, such as irregular work (e.g., night shift work) and life schedules (e.g., jet lag, mistimed eating), have been recognized to increase the risk of cardiac, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Moreover, increasing numbers of studies with cellular and animal models have detected the presence of functional circadian oscillators at multiple levels, ranging from individual neurons and fibroblasts to brain and peripheral organs. These oscillators are tightly coupled to timely modulate cellular and bodily responses to physiological and metabolic cues. In this review, we will discuss the roles of central and peripheral clocks in physiology and diseases, highlighting the dynamic regulatory interactions between circadian timing systems and multiple metabolic factors.
Collapse
|
160
|
Yamagata T, Kahn MC, Prius-Mengual J, Meijer E, Šabanović M, Guillaumin MCC, van der Vinne V, Huang YG, McKillop LE, Jagannath A, Peirson SN, Mann EO, Foster RG, Vyazovskiy VV. The hypothalamic link between arousal and sleep homeostasis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101580118. [PMID: 34903646 PMCID: PMC8713782 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101580118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and wakefulness are not simple, homogenous all-or-none states but represent a spectrum of substates, distinguished by behavior, levels of arousal, and brain activity at the local and global levels. Until now, the role of the hypothalamic circuitry in sleep-wake control was studied primarily with respect to its contribution to rapid state transitions. In contrast, whether the hypothalamus modulates within-state dynamics (state "quality") and the functional significance thereof remains unexplored. Here, we show that photoactivation of inhibitory neurons in the lateral preoptic area (LPO) of the hypothalamus of adult male and female laboratory mice does not merely trigger awakening from sleep, but the resulting awake state is also characterized by an activated electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern, suggesting increased levels of arousal. This was associated with a faster build-up of sleep pressure, as reflected in higher EEG slow-wave activity (SWA) during subsequent sleep. In contrast, photoinhibition of inhibitory LPO neurons did not result in changes in vigilance states but was associated with persistently increased EEG SWA during spontaneous sleep. These findings suggest a role of the LPO in regulating arousal levels, which we propose as a key variable shaping the daily architecture of sleep-wake states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamagata
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Kahn
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - José Prius-Mengual
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Elise Meijer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Merima Šabanović
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Mathilde C C Guillaumin
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent van der Vinne
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Ge Huang
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E McKillop
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Aarti Jagannath
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Edward O Mann
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom;
| | - Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Fukui S, Shimbo T, Kobayashi D. Both increased and decreased sleep duration over time are associated with subsequent cancer development. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:2035-2043. [PMID: 34860321 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Changes in sleep duration have been reported to correlate with lifestyle-related diseases in humans. However, equivalent studies regarding the effects of sleep on cancer progression are lacking. This study aimed to determine whether or not increase or decrease in sleep duration over time is associated with subsequent cancer development. METHODS A large-scale, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a preventive medicine health center at a general community hospital in Tokyo, Japan. All participants who underwent health checkups at the hospital between January 2005 and December 2018 were included. The primary study outcome was development of any type of cancer according to the slope of sleep duration over the study period. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to adjust the outcomes based on potential covariates. RESULTS Of 15,025 participants, 7,692 (51.2%) were men. The mean age (standard deviation) was 66.0 (7.5) years. During a median follow-up of 2,588 (interquartile range: 1,583-3,695) days, 1,396 (9.3%) participants developed cancer of any type. Compared to hazard ratio in the stable sleep duration group (- 0.1 to + 0.1 h/day in 1 year), both greatly decreased (less than - 0.2 h/day in 1 year; hazard ratio (HR), 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.72-2.62) and increased (more than + 0.2 h/day in 1 year; HR, 2.55; 95% CI 2.14-3.04) groups showed significantly higher hazard ratio for the development of any type of cancer. CONCLUSION Both increased and decreased sleep duration over time are associated with subsequent cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayato Fukui
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan. .,Department of Epidemiology, St. Luke's International University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan. .,Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Jaggard JB, Wang GX, Mourrain P. Non-REM and REM/paradoxical sleep dynamics across phylogeny. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 71:44-51. [PMID: 34583217 PMCID: PMC8719594 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
All animals carefully studied sleep, suggesting that sleep as a behavioral state exists in all animal life. Such evolutionary maintenance of an otherwise vulnerable period of environmental detachment suggests that sleep must be integral in fundamental biological needs. Despite over a century of research, the knowledge of what sleep does at the tissue, cellular or molecular levels remain cursory. Currently, sleep is defined based on behavioral criteria and physiological measures rather than at the cellular or molecular level. Physiologically, sleep has been described as two main states, non-rapid eye moment (NREM) and REM/paradoxical sleep (PS), which are defined in the neocortex by synchronous oscillations and paradoxical wake-like activity, respectively. For decades, these two sleep states were believed to be defining characteristics of only mammalian and avian sleep. Recent work has revealed slow oscillation, silencing, and paradoxical/REM-like activities in reptiles, fish, flies, worms, and cephalopods suggesting that these sleep dynamics and associated physiological states may have emerged early in animal evolution. Here, we discuss these recent developments supporting the conservation of neural dynamics (silencing, oscillation, paradoxical activity) of sleep states across phylogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James B Jaggard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gordon X Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Mourrain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; INSERM 1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Borniger JC. Cancer as a tool for preclinical psychoneuroimmunology. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100351. [PMID: 34988496 PMCID: PMC8710415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a novel homeostatic challenge to the host system. How the brain senses and responds to changes in peripheral physiology elicited by tumor growth is a largely untapped area of research. This is especially relevant given the widespread prevalence of systemic problems that people with various types of cancer experience. These include disruptions in sleep/wake cycles, cognitive function, depression, and changes in appetite/food intake, among others. Critically, many of these problems are evident prior to diagnosis, indicating that their etiology is potentially distinct from the effects of cancer treatment or the stress of a cancer diagnosis. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is well equipped to tackle these types of problems, as it uses approaches from multiple disciplines to understand how specific stimuli (endogenous and environmental) are transduced into neural, endocrine, and immune signals that ultimately regulate health and behavior. In this article, I first provide a brief historical perspective of cancer and PNI, introduce the idea of cancer as a systemic homeostatic challenge, and provide examples from preclinical literature supporting this hypothesis. Given the rise of advanced tools in neuroscience (e.g., calcium imaging), we can now monitor and manipulate genetically defined neural circuits over the extended time scales necessary to disentangle distal communication between peripheral tumors and the brain.
Collapse
|
164
|
Shao J, Li Z, Gao Y, Zhao K, Lin M, Li Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Chen L. Construction of a "Bacteria-Metabolites" Co-Expression Network to Clarify the Anti-Ulcerative Colitis Effect of Flavonoids of Sophora flavescens Aiton by Regulating the "Host-Microbe" Interaction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:710052. [PMID: 34721011 PMCID: PMC8553221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.710052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is considered an immune disease, which is related to the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and disorders of the host immune system and metabolism. Sophora flavescens Aiton has been used for the clinical treatment of UC in China and East Asia for thousands of years. It has many traditional prescriptions and modern preparations, and its curative effects are definite. We are the first to report that the flavonoids in Sophora flavescens (S. flavescens) Aiton EtOAc extract (SFE) could potentially attenuate the dextran sodium sulfate–induced UC in mice, which changed the current understanding of considering alkaloids as the only anti-UC pharmacological substances of S. flavescens Aiton. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis, it was found that the anti-UC effects of SFE were due to the regulation of gut microbiota, reversing the abnormal metabolisms, and regulation of the short-chain fatty acids synthesis. Notably, according to the interaction networks of specific bacteria and “bacteria and metabolites” co-expression network, the SFE could enrich the abundance of the commensal bacterium Lactobacillus, Roseburia, norank_f__Muribaculaceae, Anaerotruncus, Candidatus_Saccharimona, and Parasutterella, which are proposed as potentially beneficial bacteria, thereby playing vital roles in the treatment of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaocheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kairui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minling Lin
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadi Li
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Chen S, Chen L, Qi Y, Xu J, Ge Q, Fan Y, Chen D, Zhang Y, Wang L, Hou T, Yang X, Xi Y, Si J, Kang L, Wang L. Bifidobacterium adolescentis regulates catalase activity and host metabolism and improves healthspan and lifespan in multiple species. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:991-1001. [PMID: 37118342 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
To identify candidate bacteria associated with aging, we performed fecal microbiota sequencing in young, middle-aged and older adults, and found lower Bifidobacterium adolescentis abundance in older individuals aged ≥60 years. Dietary supplementation of B. adolescentis improved osteoporosis and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of premature aging (Terc-/-) and increased healthspan and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. B. adolescentis supplementation increased the activity of the catalase (CAT) enzyme in skeletal muscle and brain tissue from Terc-/- mice, and suppressed cellular senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Transgenic deletion of catalase (ctl-2) in C. elegans abolished the effects of B. adolescentis on the lifespan and healthspan. B. adolescentis feeding also led to changes in oxidative stress-associated metabolites in Terc-/- mouse feces. These results suggest a role for B. adolescentis in improving the healthspan and lifespan through the regulation of CAT activity and host metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luyi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yadong Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jilei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiwei Ge
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuedan Fan
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Du Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Department of Genetics, Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics of the Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Institute of Genetics and Department of Genetics, Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics of the Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liangjing Wang
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Hulse BK, Haberkern H, Franconville R, Turner-Evans DB, Takemura SY, Wolff T, Noorman M, Dreher M, Dan C, Parekh R, Hermundstad AM, Rubin GM, Jayaraman V. A connectome of the Drosophila central complex reveals network motifs suitable for flexible navigation and context-dependent action selection. eLife 2021; 10:66039. [PMID: 34696823 PMCID: PMC9477501 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible behaviors over long timescales are thought to engage recurrent neural networks in deep brain regions, which are experimentally challenging to study. In insects, recurrent circuit dynamics in a brain region called the central complex (CX) enable directed locomotion, sleep, and context- and experience-dependent spatial navigation. We describe the first complete electron-microscopy-based connectome of the Drosophila CX, including all its neurons and circuits at synaptic resolution. We identified new CX neuron types, novel sensory and motor pathways, and network motifs that likely enable the CX to extract the fly's head-direction, maintain it with attractor dynamics, and combine it with other sensorimotor information to perform vector-based navigational computations. We also identified numerous pathways that may facilitate the selection of CX-driven behavioral patterns by context and internal state. The CX connectome provides a comprehensive blueprint necessary for a detailed understanding of network dynamics underlying sleep, flexible navigation, and state-dependent action selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brad K Hulse
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Hannah Haberkern
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Romain Franconville
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | | | | | - Tanya Wolff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Marcella Noorman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Marisa Dreher
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Chuntao Dan
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Ruchi Parekh
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | | | - Gerald M Rubin
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Vivek Jayaraman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Redox Control of the Dormant Cancer Cell Life Cycle. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102707. [PMID: 34685686 PMCID: PMC8535080 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Following efficient tumor therapy, some cancer cells may survive through a dormancy process, contributing to tumor recurrence and worse outcomes. Dormancy is considered a process where most cancer cells in a tumor cell population are quiescent with no, or only slow, proliferation. Recent advances indicate that redox mechanisms control the dormant cancer cell life cycle, including dormancy entrance, long-term dormancy, and metastatic relapse. This regulatory network is orchestrated mainly through redox modification on key regulators or global change of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in dormant cancer cells. Encouragingly, several strategies targeting redox signaling, including sleeping, awaking, or killing dormant cancer cells are currently under early clinical evaluation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying redox control of the dormant cancer cell cycle are poorly understood and need further exploration. In this review, we discuss the underlying molecular basis of redox signaling in the cell life cycle of dormant cancer and the potential redox-based targeting strategies for eliminating dormant cancer cells.
Collapse
|
168
|
Kanwal JK, Coddington E, Frazer R, Limbania D, Turner G, Davila KJ, Givens MA, Williams V, Datta SR, Wasserman S. Internal State: Dynamic, Interconnected Communication Loops Distributed Across Body, Brain, and Time. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:867-886. [PMID: 34115114 PMCID: PMC8623242 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal state profoundly alters perception and behavior. For example, a starved fly may approach and consume foods that it would otherwise find undesirable. A socially engaged newt may remain engaged in the presence of a predator, whereas a solitary newt would otherwise attempt to escape. Yet, the definition of internal state is fluid and ill-defined. As an interdisciplinary group of scholars spanning five career stages (from undergraduate to full professor) and six academic institutions, we came together in an attempt to provide an operational definition of internal state that could be useful in understanding the behavior and the function of nervous systems, at timescales relevant to the individual. In this perspective, we propose to define internal state through an integrative framework centered on dynamic and interconnected communication loops within and between the body and the brain. This framework is informed by a synthesis of historical and contemporary paradigms used by neurobiologists, ethologists, physiologists, and endocrinologists. We view internal state as composed of both spatially distributed networks (body-brain communication loops), and temporally distributed mechanisms that weave together neural circuits, physiology, and behavior. Given the wide spatial and temporal scales at which internal state operates-and therefore the broad range of scales at which it could be defined-we choose to anchor our definition in the body. Here we focus on studies that highlight body-to-brain signaling; body represented in endocrine signaling, and brain represented in sensory signaling. This integrative framework of internal state potentially unites the disparate paradigms often used by scientists grappling with body-brain interactions. We invite others to join us as we examine approaches and question assumptions to study the underlying mechanisms and temporal dynamics of internal state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessleen K Kanwal
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Emma Coddington
- Department of Biology, Willamette University, Salem, OR
97301, USA
| | - Rachel Frazer
- Division of Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia Universitye,
New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Daniela Limbania
- Department of Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA
02481, USA
| | - Grace Turner
- Department of Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA
02481, USA
| | - Karla J Davila
- Department of Biology, Willamette University, Salem, OR
97301, USA
| | - Michael A Givens
- Department of Biology, Willamette University, Salem, OR
97301, USA
| | - Valarie Williams
- Department of Dance, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
43210, USA
| | | | - Sara Wasserman
- Department of Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA
02481, USA
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Noble A, Guille M, Cobley JN. ALISA: A microplate assay to measure protein thiol redox state. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:272-280. [PMID: 34418513 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Measuring protein thiol redox state is central to understanding redox signalling in health and disease. The lack of a microplate assay to measure target specific protein thiol redox state rate-limits progress on accessibility grounds: redox proteomics is inaccessible to most. Developing a microplate assay is important for accelerating discovery by widening access to protein thiol redox biology. Beyond accessibility, enabling high throughput time- and cost-efficient microplate analysis is important. To meet the pressing need for a microplate assay to measure protein thiol redox state, we present the Antibody-Linked Oxi-State Assay (ALISA). ALISA uses a covalently bound capture antibody to bind a thiol-reactive fluorescent conjugated maleimide (F-MAL) decorated target. The capture antibody-target complex is labelled with an amine-reactive fluorescent N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (F-NHS) to report total protein. The covalent bonds that immobilise the capture antibody to the epoxy group functionalised microplate enable one to selectively elute the target. Target specific redox state is ratiometrically calculated as: F-MAL (i.e., reversible thiol oxidation)/F-NHS (i.e., total protein). After validating the assay principle (i.e., increased target specific reversible thiol oxidation increases the ratio), we used ALISA to determine whether fertilisation-a fundamental biological process-changes Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, specific reversible thiol oxidation. Fertilisation significantly decreases Akt specific reversible thiol oxidation in Xenopus laevis 2-cell zygotes compared to unfertilised eggs. ALISA is an accessible microplate assay to advance knowledge of protein thiol redox biology in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Noble
- European Xenopus Resource Centre, Portsmouth University, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Matthew Guille
- European Xenopus Resource Centre, Portsmouth University, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
170
|
Queen bee larva consumption improves sleep disorder and regulates gut microbiota in mice with PCPA-induced insomnia. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
171
|
Role of Food Antioxidants in Modulating Gut Microbial Communities: Novel Understandings in Intestinal Oxidative Stress Damage and Their Impact on Host Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101563. [PMID: 34679698 PMCID: PMC8533511 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary components have an important role on the structure and function of host gut microbial communities. Even though, various dietary components, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibers, and vitamins, have been studied in depth for their effect on gut microbiomes, little attention has been paid regarding the impact of several food antioxidants on the gut microbiome. The long-term exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause microbial dysbiosis which leads to numerous intestinal diseases such as microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal injury, colorectal cancers, enteric infections, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Recently, it has been shown that the food derived antioxidant compounds might protect the host from intestinal oxidative stress via modulating the composition of beneficial microbial species in the gut. The present review summarizes the impact of food antioxidants including antioxidant vitamins, dietary polyphenols, carotenoids, and bioactive peptides on the structure as well as function of host gut microbial communities. Several in vitro, animal model, and clinical studies indicates that food antioxidants might modify the host gut microbial communities and their health status. However, still further clarification is needed as to whether changes in certain microbial species caused by food additives may lead to changes in metabolism and immune function.
Collapse
|
172
|
Qian J, Zheng L, Su G, Huang M, Luo D, Zhao M. Identification and Screening of Potential Bioactive Peptides with Sleep-Enhancing Effects in Bovine Milk Casein Hydrolysate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11246-11258. [PMID: 34543014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Casein tryptic hydrolysate (CTH) has been proven to possess stress-relieving and sleep-enhancing effects, but only one decapeptide YLGYLEQLLR (α-CZP) in CTH was reported to exhibit affinity for the benzodiazepine site of a GABAA receptor (GABAAR). This study aimed to compare the sleep-enhancing effects between CTH and α-CZP and to explore novel sleep-enhancing peptides. Our results showed that CTH significantly prolonged sleep duration in mice, which was almost 2-fold longer than that of α-CZP. The α-CZP in CTH was degraded more slowly than the synthetic α-CZP; meanwhile, CTH could release other potential sleep-enhancing peptides during gastrointestinal digestion. Additionally, two peptides YPVEPF and YFYPEL with strong sleep-enhancing activity were explored by virtual screening. Especially, YPVEPF could significantly prolong the sleep duration from 559.00 ± 272.24 to 2501.63 ± 1021.21 s and increase the sleep rate from 58.33 to 83.33% in mice. Moreover, YPVEPF and YFYPEL could bind with the Ser-205 and Phe-77 residues of GABAAR via hydrogen bonds and lipid contacts. They were largely released after digestion with 11.19 ± 0.15 and 1.78 ± 0.01 g/kg, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Zha LF, Dong JT, Wang JL, Chen QW, Wu JF, Zhou YC, Nie SF, Tu X. Effects of Insomnia on Peptic Ulcer Disease Using Mendelian Randomization. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2216314. [PMID: 34616502 PMCID: PMC8487841 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2216314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Observational studies indicate that insomnia may increase risk of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Our purpose is to clarify the possible causal relationship between insomnia and PUD by Mendelian randomization analyses. METHODS We carried out analyses using summary statistics data for genetic variants reported from a GWAS of insomnia (N = up to 1,331,010 individuals) and from a GWAS of PUD (N = up to 456,327 individuals). Three Mendelian randomization approaches were used to explore whether insomnia might play a causal role in PUD, and pathway and functional enrichment analyses were conducted to anticipate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Conventional Mendelian randomization analysis showed clear causality between insomnia and PUD; 1 SD increased insomnia incident was related to a 19% higher risk of PUD (P = 6.69 × 10-16; OR, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.14-1.24)). The associations between insomnia and PUD were consistent in the other two analyses performed using the weighted median method (P = 7.75 × 10-7; OR, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.09-1.23)) and MR-Egger regression (P = 5.00 × 10-3; OR, 1.27 (95% CI, 1.07-1.50)). Moreover, no evidence indicated a reverse causality between PUD events and insomnia symptoms. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses indicated that the mechanisms of insomnia effect on PUD may be through various ways, such as the immune system and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This Mendelian randomization study suggests insomnia as a causal risk factor for PUD. The potential mechanisms included may be immune and oxidative stress. These findings indicate that improving sleep quality could have substantial health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Feng Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing-Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qian-Wen Chen
- Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian-Fei Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ying-Chao Zhou
- Heart Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shao-Fang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Tu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Landis GN, Hilsabeck TAU, Bell HS, Ronnen-Oron T, Wang L, Doherty DV, Tejawinata FI, Erickson K, Vu W, Promislow DEL, Kapahi P, Tower J. Mifepristone Increases Life Span of Virgin Female Drosophila on Regular and High-fat Diet Without Reducing Food Intake. Front Genet 2021; 12:751647. [PMID: 34659367 PMCID: PMC8511958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.751647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The synthetic steroid mifepristone is reported to have anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in mammals on normal and high-fat diets (HFD). We previously reported that mifepristone blocks the negative effect on life span caused by mating in female Drosophila melanogaster. Methods: Here we asked if mifepristone could protect virgin females from the life span-shortening effect of HFD. Mifepristone was assayed for effects on life span in virgin females, in repeated assays, on regular media and on media supplemented with coconut oil (HFD). The excrement quantification (EX-Q) assay was used to measure food intake of the flies after 12 days mifepristone treatment. In addition, experiments were conducted to compare the effects of mifepristone in virgin and mated females, and to identify candidate mifepristone targets and mechanisms. Results: Mifepristone increased life span of virgin females on regular media, as well as on media supplemented with either 2.5 or 5% coconut oil. Food intake was not reduced in any assay, and was significantly increased by mifepristone in half of the assays. To ask if mifepristone might rescue virgin females from all life span-shortening stresses, the oxidative stressor paraquat was tested, and mifepristone produced little to no rescue. Analysis of extant metabolomics and transcriptomics data suggested similarities between effects of mifepristone in virgin and mated females, including reduced tryptophan breakdown and similarities to dietary restriction. Bioinformatics analysis identified candidate mifepristone targets, including transcription factors Paired and Extra-extra. In addition to shortening life span, mating also causes midgut hypertrophy and activation of the lipid metabolism regulatory factor SREBP. Mifepristone blocked the increase in midgut size caused by mating, but did not detectably affect midgut size in virgins. Finally, mating increased activity of a SREBP reporter in abdominal tissues, as expected, but reporter activity was not detectably reduced by mifepristone in either mated or virgin females. Conclusion: Mifepristone increases life span of virgin females on regular and HFD without reducing food intake. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses suggest some similar effects of mifepristone between virgin and mated females, however reduced midgut size was observed only in mated females. The results are discussed regarding possible mifepristone mechanisms and targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Landis
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tyler A. U. Hilsabeck
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hans S. Bell
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tal Ronnen-Oron
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Devon V. Doherty
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Felicia I. Tejawinata
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Erickson
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William Vu
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel E. L. Promislow
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
JNK Signaling in Drosophila Aging and Longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179649. [PMID: 34502551 PMCID: PMC8431792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is a critical genetic determinant in the control of longevity. In response to extrinsic and intrinsic stresses, JNK signaling is activated to protect cells from stress damage and promote survival. In Drosophila, global JNK upregulation can delay aging and extend lifespan, whereas tissue/organ-specific manipulation of JNK signaling impacts lifespan in a context-dependent manner. In this review, focusing on several tissues/organs that are highly associated with age-related diseases-including metabolic organs (intestine and fat body), neurons, and muscles-we summarize the distinct effects of tissue/organ-specific JNK signaling on aging and lifespan. We also highlight recent progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the tissue-specific effects of JNK activity. Together, these studies highlight an important and comprehensive role for JNK signaling in the regulation of longevity in Drosophila.
Collapse
|
176
|
Zhou JY, Lin HL, Qin YC, Li XG, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Wang XQ. l-Carnosine Protects Against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Stem Cells by Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100406. [PMID: 34216418 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The intestinal epithelium is nourished by various nutrients and subjected to persistent and widespread feed-derived mycotoxin stress. l-Carnosine (LC) possesses robust antioxidant activity; however, its role in protecting intestinal mucosa against deoxynivalenol (DON) is still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 300 mg kg-1 BW LC and 3 mg kg-1 BW DON are orally administered to mice either alone or in combination for 10 days to investigate the role of LC in protecting the intestine against DON. This study found that LC alleviates the growth retardation of mice and repairs the damaged jejunal structure and barrier functions under DON exposure. LC rescues the intestinal stem cells (ISCs), increases the growth advantage in enteroids derived from jejunal crypts of mice in each group ex vivo, improves the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal cells, and promotes ISC differentiation into absorptive cells, goblet cells, and Paneth cells. Furthermore, LC activates Nrf2 signaling by binding to Keap1 to reverse the striking DON-induced increase in ROS levels. CONCLUSION The study findings unveil that LC potentiates the antioxidant capacity of ISCs by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, which contributes to the intestinal epithelial regeneration response to DON insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hua-Lin Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying-Chao Qin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Cao J, Lu M, Yan W, Li L, Ma H. Dehydroepiandrosterone alleviates intestinal inflammatory damage via GPR30-mediated Nrf2 activation and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in colitis mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:386-402. [PMID: 34182071 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a popular dietary supplement that has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immune-regulating role; meanwhile, it also can effective in the protection of inflammation diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that DHEA inhibits excessive inflammation response and enhances gut barrier function via activating the G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). GPR30-induced the ERK phosphorylation and p62 accumulation led to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, which subsequently inhibited the reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and finally alleviated the intestinal barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, DHEA blocked the p38-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in both LPS-stimulated colon epithelial cells and macrophages. In addition, in vivo results showed that DHEA and GPR30 agonist G1 attenuated inflammatory responses and gut barrier dysfunction in colitis mice, while the GPR30 specific inhibitor G15 abrogated these beneficial effects of DHEA. Cumulatively, our study unveiled that DHEA is an effective anti-inflammatory agent and suggested that GPR30 could as a potential target for the treatment of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Weiyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Sen P, Molinero-Perez A, O'Riordan KJ, McCafferty CP, O'Halloran KD, Cryan JF. Microbiota and sleep: awakening the gut feeling. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:935-945. [PMID: 34364787 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various lifestyle and environmental factors are known to influence sleep. Increasingly, evidence points to a role for the microbiota in regulating brain and behaviour. This article explores how the microbiota-gut-brain axis affects sleep directly and indirectly. We summarize the possible molecular mechanisms underlying sleep-microbiome interactions and discuss how various factors interact with the gut microbiota to influence sleep. Furthermore, we present the current evidence of alterations of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in various sleep disorders and pathologies where comorbid sleep disturbances are common. Since manipulating the gut microbiota could potentially improve sleep, we outline ways in which this can be achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Sen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Cian P McCafferty
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Lydic R, Baghdoyan HA. Prefrontal Cortex Metabolome Is Modified by Opioids, Anesthesia, and Sleep. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:203-219. [PMID: 34159803 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00043.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obtundation of wakefulness caused by opioids and loss of wakefulness caused by anesthetics and sleep significantly alter concentrations of molecules comprising the prefrontal cortex (PFC) metabolome. Quantifying state-selective changes in the PFC metabolome is essential for advancing functional metabolomics. Diverse functions of the PFC suggest the PFC metabolome as a potential therapeutic entry point for countermeasures to state-selective autonomic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Lydic
- Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Helen A Baghdoyan
- Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Movement as a Positive Modulator of Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126278. [PMID: 34208002 PMCID: PMC8230594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of human populations, including those in Europe, is an indisputable fact. The challenge for the future is not simply prolonging human life at any cost or by any means but rather extending self-sufficiency and quality of life. Even in the most advanced societies, the eternal questions remain. Who will take care of the older generations? Will adult children’s own circumstances be sufficient to support family members as they age? For a range of complex reasons, including socioeconomic conditions, adult children are often unable or unwilling to assume responsibility for the care of older family members. For this reason, it is imperative that aging adults maintain their independence and self-care for as long as possible. Movement is an important part of self-sufficiency. Moreover, movement has been shown to improve patients’ clinical status. At a time when the coronavirus pandemic is disrupting the world, older people are among the most vulnerable. Our paper explores current knowledge and offers insights into the significant benefits of movement for the elderly, including improved immunity. We discuss the biochemical processes of aging and the counteractive effects of exercise and endogenous substances, such as vitamin D.
Collapse
|
181
|
Liang B, Zhong Y, Huang Y, Lin X, Liu J, Lin L, Hu M, Jiang J, Dai M, Wang B, Zhang B, Meng H, Lelaka JJJ, Sui H, Yang X, Huang Z. Underestimated health risks: polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics jointly induce intestinal barrier dysfunction by ROS-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:20. [PMID: 34098985 PMCID: PMC8186235 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micro- and nanoplastic pollution has become a global environmental problem. Nanoplastics in the environment are still hard to detect because of analysis technology limitations. It is believed that when microplastics are found in the environment, more undetected nanoplastics are around. The current “microplastic exposure” is in fact the mixture of micro- and nanoplastic exposures. Therefore, the biological interaction between organisms among different sizes of micro- and nanoplastics should not be neglected. Results We measured the biodistribution of three polystyrene (PS) particles (50 nm PS, PS50; 500 nm PS, PS500; 5000 nm PS, PS5000) under single and co-exposure conditions in mice. We explored the underlying mechanisms by investigating the effects on three major components of the intestinal barrier (the mucus layer, tight junctions and the epithelial cells) in four intestine segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) of mice. We found that the amounts of both PS500 and PS5000 increased when they were co-exposed with PS50 for 24 h in the mice. These increased amounts were due primarily to the increased permeability in the mouse intestines. We also confirmed there was a combined toxicity of PS50 and PS500 in the mouse intestines. This manifested as the mixture of PS50 and PS500 causing more severe dysfunction of the intestinal barrier than that caused by PS50 or PS500 alone. We found that the combined toxicity of PS micro- and nanoplastics on intestinal barrier dysfunction was caused primarily by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis in the mice. These findings were further confirmed by an oxidants or antioxidants pretreatment study. In addition, the combined toxicity of PS micro- and nanoplastics was also found in the mice after a 28-day repeated dose exposure. Conclusions There is a combined toxicity of PS50 and PS500 in the mouse intestines, which was caused primarily by ROS-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis in the mice. Considering that most recent studies on PS micro- and nanoplastics have been conducted using a single particle size, the health risks of exposure to PS micro- and nanoplastics on organisms may be underestimated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00414-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yuji Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Manjiang Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Junying Jiang
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Dai
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Bingli Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jesse Justin J Lelaka
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Haixia Sui
- Division III of risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, PR China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Shackleton GL. Towards a biochemical approach to occupational stress management. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07175. [PMID: 34141933 PMCID: PMC8187824 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the immense and growing cost of occupational stress to society through lost productivity and the burden to healthcare systems, current best practices for detecting, managing and reducing stress in the workplace are clearly sub-optimal and substantially better methods are required. Subjective, self-reported psychology and psychiatry-based instruments are prone to biases whereas current objective, biology-based measures produce conflicting results and are far from reliable. A multivariate approach to occupational stress research is required that reflects the broad, coordinated, physiological response to demands placed on the body by exposure to diverse occupational stressors. A literature review was conducted to determine the extent of application of the emerging multivariate technology of metabolomics to occupational stress research. Of 170 articles meeting the search criteria, three were identified that specifically studied occupational stressors using metabolomics. A further ten studies were not specifically occupational or were of indirect or peripheral relevance. The occupational studies, although limited in number highlight the technological challenges associated with the application of metabolomics to investigate occupational stress. They also demonstrate the utility to evaluate stress more comprehensively than univariate biomarker studies. The potential of this multivariate approach to enhance our understanding of occupational stress has yet to be established. This will require more studies with broader analytical coverage of the metabolome, longitudinal sampling, combination with experience sampling methods and comparison with psychometric models of occupational stress. Progress will likely involve combining multi-omic data into a holistic, systems biology approach to detecting, managing and reducing occupational stress and optimizing workplace performance.
Collapse
|
183
|
Ogunsuyi OB, Olagoke OC, Afolabi BA, Oboh G, Ijomone OM, Barbosa NV, da Rocha JBT. Dietary inclusions of Solanum vegetables mitigate aluminum-induced redox and inflammation-related neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster model. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2077-2091. [PMID: 34057051 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1933331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the modulatory capacity of two Solanum green leafy vegetables; S. macrocarpon L. (African eggplant AE) and S. nigrum L. (Black nightshade BN) on dysregulation of some antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory-like, acetylcholinesterase gene expression and redox status in the Drosophila melanogaster model of aluminum-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Flies were exposed to AlCl3 (6.7 mM) alone or in combination with the leaves (0.1 and 1.0%) from both samples in their diet for seven days. Thereafter, the fly heads were rapidly separated, homogenized, and used to assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS), total thiol content, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and the expression of antioxidant-mediators (Hsp70, catalase, cnc/Nrf2, Jafrac1 and FOXO), acetylcholinesterase (Ace1), pro-apoptotic caspase-like (Dronc) and its regulator (reaper), as well as inflammation-related (NF-kB/Relish) genes. RESULTS Results showed that AlCl3-exposed flies had significantly reduced survival rate which were ameliorated by AlCl3 also elevated ROS, GST and reduced AChE activities in fly heads while dietary inclusions of AE and BN ameliorated survial rate and oxidative stress in AlCl3-exposed flies. In addition, Hsp70, Jafrac1, reaper and NF-kҝB/Relish were significantly upregulated in AlCl3-exposed fly heads, while cnc/Nrf2 and FOXO were significantly downregulated, but catalase, Dronc and Ace were, not significantly modulated. Nevertheless, these impairments in gene expression levels were ameliorated by dietary inclusions of AE and BN during AlCl3 exposure. CONCLUSION These findings showed that dietary inclusions of AE and BN leaves offer protection against Al-induced neurotoxicity in D. melanogaster and thus, could serve as functional foods with neuroprotective properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi B Ogunsuyi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olawande C Olagoke
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Blessing A Afolabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University Iwo, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Nilda V Barbosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - João B T da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
DNA Protection by an Aronia Juice-Based Food Supplement. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060857. [PMID: 34071817 PMCID: PMC8226982 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of an aronia juice-based food supplement on background and total DNA strand breaks in whole blood, and on H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks in isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes. METHODS Ninety-one healthy volunteers were randomly selected to consume either the food supplement (2 × 25 mL drinking ampules, n = 45) or no supplement (n = 46) daily for eight weeks. RESULTS Background DNA strand breaks decreased significantly after four and eight weeks of supplement consumption, compared to baseline (p < 0.05), but the overall effect was low, and neither group showed a decrease in total DNA strand breaks. Conversely, supplement consumption clearly reduced H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks ex vivo (p < 0.001), with statistically significant reductions after four and eight weeks, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thus, although consuming antioxidant supplements might produce only marginal immediate benefits under healthy conditions, potential preventive effects warrant further investigation.
Collapse
|
185
|
Du M, Liu M, Liu J. The association between sleep duration and the risk of mortality in the Chinese older adults: a national cohort study. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:1821-1829. [PMID: 33913434 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Cohort studies about the sleep duration on the risk of deaths among Chinese older adults are still lacking. The aim of this study was to examine whether extremely sleep duration was associated with mortality in Chinese adults aged 65 years or older. METHODS We included participants aged 65 years or older in 2011 at baseline in 23 provinces from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) who were followed up at 2014/2018 in China. The sleep duration was categorized as short sleep duration (<7h) and long sleep duration (>8h). We used the cox proportional hazards model and restricted cubic spline analysis to explore the association between sleep duration and mortality. RESULTS Among 9578 participants, short sleep duration was associated with 11% higher risk of deaths (aHR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20) and long sleep duration was associated with 24% higher risk of deaths (aHR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.15-1.34), after adjustment of all the covariates. There was a U-shaped association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality (non-linear: P<0.0001). Stratified analyses showed that the risk was higher among older people who smoked and had higher level of education both for short and long sleepers than those who never smoked and were illiterate (P value for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was a U-shaped association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the Chinese older adults, especially for educated population and smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Panchin Y, Kovalzon VM. Total Wake: Natural, Pathological, and Experimental Limits to Sleep Reduction. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:643496. [PMID: 33897357 PMCID: PMC8058214 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is not considered a pathological state, but it consumes a third of conscious human life. This share is much more than most optimistic life extension forecasts that biotechnologies or experimental and medical interventions can offer. Are there insurmountable physical or biological limitations to reducing the duration of sleep? How far can it be avoided without fatal consequences? What means can reduce the length of sleep? It is widely accepted that sleep is necessary for long-term survival. Here we review the limited yet intriguing evidence that is not consistent with this notion. We concentrate on clinical cases of complete and partial loss of sleep and on human mutations that result in a short sleep phenotype. These observations are supported by new animal studies and are discussed from the perspective of sleep evolution. Two separate hypotheses suggest distinct approaches for remodeling our sleep machinery. If sleep serves an unidentified vital physiological function, this indispensable function has to be identified before “sleep prosthesis” (technical, biological, or chemical) can be developed. If sleep has no vital function, but rather represents a timing mechanism for adaptive inactivity, sleep could be reduced by forging the sleep generation system itself, with no adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Panchin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Mathematical Methods in Biology, Belozersky Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Kovalzon
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Fujioka H, Abe MS, Okada Y. Individual Ants Do Not Show Activity-Rest Rhythms in Nest Conditions. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:297-310. [PMID: 33818189 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211002934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, which respond to the day-night cycle on the earth, arise from the endogenous timekeeping system within organisms, called the "biological clock." For accurate circadian rhythms, daily fluctuations in light and temperature are considered one of the important time cues. In social insects, both abiotic and biotic factors (i.e., social interactions) play a significant role in activity-rest rhythm regulation. However, it is challenging to monitor individual activity-rest rhythms in a colony because of the large group size and small body size. Therefore, it is unclear whether individuals in a colony exhibit activity-rest rhythms and how social interactions regulate their activity-rest rhythms in the colony. This study developed an image-based tracking system using 2D barcodes for Diacamma cf. indicum from Japan (a monomorphic ant) and measured the locomotor activities of all colony members under laboratory colony conditions. We also investigated the effect of broods on activity-rest rhythms by removing all broods under colony conditions. Activity-rest rhythms appeared only in isolated ants, not under colony conditions. In addition, workers showed arrhythmic activities after brood removal. These results suggested that a mixture of social interactions, and not light and temperature, induces the loss of activity-rest rhythms. These results contribute to the knowledge of a diverse pattern of circadian activity rhythms in social insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Fujioka
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Masato S Abe
- Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Okada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Abstract
Over the past decade, oxidative stress was shown to be a key factor for various diseases. The term “antioxidant” also rapidly gained attention worldwide, viewed as beneficial in disease prevention. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, is a plant antitoxin formed in response to harmful environmental factors such as infection and injury. This antitoxin is found in grapes, strawberries, peanuts, or herbal medicines and exhibits many pharmacological effects involved in antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, and antioxidation stress mechanisms. Recently, numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that RSV harbors antioxidative stress properties and can be used as an antioxidant. Here, we review the free radical scavenging ability, antioxidant properties, signaling pathways, expression and regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress-related diseases associated with RSV.
Collapse
|
189
|
Proudfoot KL, Kull JA, Krawczel PD, Bewley JM, O'Hara BF, Donohue KD, Pighetti GM. Effects of acute lying and sleep deprivation on metabolic and inflammatory responses of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4764-4774. [PMID: 33663819 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows that are restricted from lying down have a reduced ability to sleep. In other species, sleep loss is a key risk factor for disease, mediated by changes in metabolic and inflammatory responses. The cumulative effect of lying and sleep deprivation on cow health is unknown. The objective was to determine the effects of lying and sleep deprivation on metabolic and inflammatory responses of dairy cows. Data were collected from 8 multiparous and 4 primiparous lactating cows (199 ± 44 d in milk, 77 ± 30 d pregnant; mean ± standard deviation) enrolled in a study using a crossover design. Each cow was exposed to 2 treatments meant to induce sleep loss: (1) human disturbance (imposed by researchers making noise or physical contact when the cow's posture suggested sleep) and (2) lying deprivation (imposed by a wooden grid placed on the pen floor). Cows experienced a 24-h baseline period (d -1) followed by a 24-h treatment period (d 0), with a 12-d washout period between treatments. Baseline and treatment periods were imposed from 2100 to 2059 h. Cows were housed in individual pens during the acclimation period (d -3 and -2), d -1, and d 0. Nonesterified fatty acid and glucose concentrations were measured at 0300, 0900, 1500, and 2059 h on d -1 and 0. Proinflammatory cytokine mRNA [tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1B (IL1B), and interleukin-6 (IL6)] abundance in whole-blood leukocytes, both nonstimulated and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, were assessed at 2059 h on d -1 (end of baseline) and d 0 (end of treatment). Nonesterified fatty acids and glucose varied by time of day but were not affected by treatment or day. The abundances of TNF and IL1B from both stimulated and nonstimulated cells were higher following 24 h of lying deprivation (d 0) compared with baseline (d -1). Abundance of IL6 was increased in nonstimulated cells after lying deprivation compared with baseline. In contrast, human disturbance for 24 h did not alter TNF, IL1B, or IL6 abundance relative to baseline levels. These results suggest that a short period of lying deprivation generally increases inflammatory responses but not metabolic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Proudfoot
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1B1L2.
| | | | - P D Krawczel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland FI-00014
| | - J M Bewley
- Holstein Association USA Inc., Brattleboro, VT, 05301
| | - B F O'Hara
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506
| | - K D Donohue
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506
| | - G M Pighetti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996.
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Koyanagi I, Sonomura K, Naoi T, Ohnishi T, Kaneko N, Sawamoto K, Sato TA, Sakaguchi M. Metabolic fingerprints of fear memory consolidation during sleep. Mol Brain 2021; 14:30. [PMID: 33568175 PMCID: PMC7874630 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites underlying brain function and pathology are not as well understood as genes. Here, we applied a novel metabolomics approach to further understand the mechanisms of memory processing in sleep. As hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons are known to consolidate contextual fear memory, we analyzed real-time changes in metabolites in the dentate gyrus in different sleep-wake states in mice. Throughout the study, we consistently detected more than > 200 metabolites. Metabolite profiles changed dramactically upon sleep-wake state transitions, leading to a clear separation of phenotypes between wakefulness and sleep. By contrast, contextual fear memory consolidation induced less obvious metabolite phenotypes. However, changes in purine metabolites were observed upon both sleep-wake state transitions and contextual fear memory consolidation. Dietary supplementation of certain purine metabolites impaired correlations between conditioned fear responses before and after memory consolidation. These results point toward the importance of purine metabolism in fear memory processing during sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iyo Koyanagi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Doctoral Program in Neuroscience, Degree Programs in Comprehensive Human Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sonomura
- Life Science Research Center, Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshie Naoi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence and Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Sato
- Life Science Research Center, Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
- R&D Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masanori Sakaguchi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Doctoral Program in Neuroscience, Degree Programs in Comprehensive Human Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Tonogawa U, Matsumura T, Ono M, Yoshiga T. Abnormal increases in reactive oxygen species in dying insects infected with nematodes. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 106:e21758. [PMID: 33145828 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stress enhances the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in animal plasma. Increased ROS alter various physiological functions, such as development and the immune response, but excessive increases could be harmful. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that abnormally increased plasma ROS levels are associated with animal death. Injection of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans into insect larvae caused high mortality in Galleria mellonella, and the plasma ROS concentration was four times higher than M9 buffer-injected larvae. There was no difference in plasma antioxidant activity after nematode injection. However, coinjecting nematodes with an antioxidant (ascorbic acid or N-acetylcysteine) suppressed increases in ROS concentrations by the nematodes and increases in the number of nematodes in the larvae, which increased G. mellonella survival. These results suggest that the abnormal elevation of ROS associated with the stress caused by nematode propagation is lethal for G. mellonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urara Tonogawa
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumura
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaya Ono
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Yoshiga
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Abstract
One of the most pleasurable, yet dangerous, activities of our daily life is eating. But once food has been swallowed, all we can do is to trust our gut. Several remarkable studies published in 2020 have expanded our knowledge on how the gut is intertwined with essential behaviours beyond food.
Collapse
|
193
|
Bioactive peptides and gut microbiota: Candidates for a novel strategy for reduction and control of neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
194
|
Shattuck EC, Sparks CS. Sleep duration is related to increased mortality risk through white blood cell counts in a large national sample. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23574. [PMID: 33527525 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep, like many biological processes, is linked with immunity and inflammation such that "abnormal" sleep is associated with changes in circulating immune cells. These sleep patterns are also associated with increased mortality risk, and it may be that altered immune cell counts are one biological pathway through which sleep affects mortality. We used NHANES survey data to examine the associations between sleep duration, total white blood cell (WBC) count, and mortality from biological causes. METHODS Several waves of public NHANES data (2005-2011; n = 11 353, ages 18+) were analyzed using bivariate statistics and causal mediation models including corrections for complex survey design. RESULTS Deceased individuals were characterized by higher WBC but lower monocyte counts relative to surviving individuals. Significant associations between sleep duration, total WBC count, monocytes and mortality were found, as were marginally significant relationships between sleep and these cell counts. Significant mediated effects of sleep on mortality were found. Including covariates known to affect mortality, such as BMI, age, and self-reported health resulted in a nonsignificant mediated effect of sleep on mortality for monocytes, while mediated effects for total WBC count remained. CONCLUSIONS This large, cross-sectional analysis suggests that sleep duration is associated with changes in mortality risk through-in part-effects on leukocyte count. These findings support an immunological/inflammatory pathway linking sleep and mortality. Further research in populations with quantitatively different sleep patterns can determine whether this sleep-immune-mortality pathway is restricted to Western, industrial samples or is characteristic of humans in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Shattuck
- Institute for Health Disparities Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Corey S Sparks
- Department of Demography, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Oxidative eustress: On constant alert for redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101867. [PMID: 33657525 PMCID: PMC7930632 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the open metabolic system, redox-related signaling requires continuous monitoring and fine-tuning of the steady-state redox set point. The ongoing oxidative metabolism is a persistent challenge, denoted as oxidative eustress, which operates within a physiological range that has been called the 'Homeodynamic Space', the 'Goldilocks Zone' or the 'Golden Mean'. Spatiotemporal control of redox signaling is achieved by compartmentalized generation and removal of oxidants. The cellular landscape of H2O2, the major redox signaling molecule, is characterized by orders-of-magnitude concentration differences between organelles. This concentration pattern is mirrored by the pattern of oxidatively modified proteins, exemplified by S-glutathionylated proteins. The review presents the conceptual background for short-term (non-transcriptional) and longer-term (transcriptional/translational) homeostatic mechanisms of stress and stress responses. The redox set point is a variable moving target value, modulated by circadian rhythm and by external influence, summarily denoted as exposome, which includes nutrition and lifestyle factors. Emerging fields of cell-specific and tissue-specific redox regulation in physiological settings are briefly presented, including new insight into the role of oxidative eustress in embryonal development and lifespan, skeletal muscle and exercise, sleep-wake rhythm, and the function of the nervous system with aspects leading to psychobiology.
Collapse
|
196
|
Nakada Y, Sadoshima J. Sleep deficiency and mortality: is the solution in the gut? Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:e26-e28. [PMID: 33179722 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Nakada
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Effects of Coffee and Its Components on the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Brain-Gut Axis. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010088. [PMID: 33383958 PMCID: PMC7824117 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. Roasted coffee is a complex mixture of thousands of bioactive compounds, and some of them have numerous potential health-promoting properties that have been extensively studied in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, with relatively much less attention given to other body systems, such as the gastrointestinal tract and its particular connection with the brain, known as the brain–gut axis. This narrative review provides an overview of the effect of coffee brew; its by-products; and its components on the gastrointestinal mucosa (mainly involved in permeability, secretion, and proliferation), the neural and non-neural components of the gut wall responsible for its motor function, and the brain–gut axis. Despite in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies having shown that coffee may exert multiple effects on the digestive tract, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects on the mucosa, and pro-motility effects on the external muscle layers, much is still surprisingly unknown. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of action of certain health-promoting properties of coffee on the gastrointestinal tract and to transfer this knowledge to the industry to develop functional foods to improve the gastrointestinal and brain–gut axis health.
Collapse
|
198
|
Melnattur K, Morgan E, Duong V, Kalra A, Shaw PJ. The Sleep Nullifying Apparatus: A Highly Efficient Method of Sleep Depriving Drosophila. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 33369606 DOI: 10.3791/62105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep homeostasis, the increase in sleep observed following sleep loss, is one of the defining criteria used to identify sleep throughout the animal kingdom. As a consequence, sleep deprivation and sleep restriction are powerful tools that are commonly used to provide insight into sleep function. Nonetheless, sleep deprivation experiments are inherently problematic in that the deprivation stimulus itself may be the cause of observed changes in physiology and behavior. Accordingly, successful sleep deprivation techniques should keep animals awake and, ideally, result in a robust sleep rebound without also inducing a large number of unintended consequences. Here, we describe a sleep deprivation technique for Drosophila melanogaster. The Sleep Nullifying Apparatus (SNAP) administers a stimulus every 10s to induce negative geotaxis. Although the stimulus is predictable, the SNAP effectively prevents >95% of nighttime sleep even in flies with high sleep drive. Importantly, the subsequent homeostatic response is very similar to that achieved using hand-deprivation. The timing and spacing of the stimuli can be modified to minimize sleep loss and thus examine non-specific effects of the stimulus on physiology and behavior. The SNAP can also be used for sleep restriction and to assess arousal thresholds. The SNAP is a powerful sleep disruption technique that can be used to better understand sleep function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Melnattur
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Ellen Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Vincent Duong
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Arjan Kalra
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Paul J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine;
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Lu Y, Chen H. New insights in intestinal oxidative stress damage and the health intervention effects of nutrients: A review. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
200
|
Samson DR. Taking the sleep lab to the field: Biometric techniques for quantifying sleep and circadian rhythms in humans. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23541. [PMID: 33252177 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Remarkably, the specifics of sleep along the human lineage have been slow to emerge, which is surprising given our distinct mental and behavioral capacity and the importance of sleep for individual health and cognitive performance. Largely due to difficultly of measuring sleep outside a controlled, clinical, and laboratory study in ambulatory individuals, human biologists have yet to undergo a thorough examination of sleep in ecologically diverse settings. Here, I outline the procedures and methods for generating sleep data in a broader ecological context with the goal of facilitating the integration of sleep and circadian analyses into human biology research. METHODS I describe the steps involved in participant recruitment, screening by way of survey instruments, and sample collection. In addition to describing field use of the traditional (but invasive) equipment such as the gold-standard application of electroencephalography (EEG), I demonstrate leading-edge noninvasive techniques for biometric devices (ie, wrist-worn actigraphy, ring worn arterial pulsometry) to generate sleep and circadian rhythms data. RESULTS I outline best approaches to process and analyze data-including variables such as sleep duration, 24-hour sleep time (ie, summation of night and day sleep), sleep efficiency, sleep fragmentation, and nonparametric circadian rhythms analysis to quantify circadian amplitude. Finally, I discuss comparative statistical methods that are optimized for the use of time-series data. CONCLUSIONS This review serves as an introduction to the best practices for studying sleep-wake patterns in humans-with the goal of standardizing tools for launching new human sleep biology research initiatives across the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Samson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|