151
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Chávez-Castillo M, Nava M, Ortega Á, Rojas M, Núñez V, Salazar J, Bermúdez V, Rojas-Quintero J. Depression as an Immunometabolic Disorder: Exploring Shared Pharmacotherapeutics with Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1138-1153. [PMID: 32282306 PMCID: PMC7709154 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200413144401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern times have seen depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) become notorious public health concerns, corresponding to alarming proportions of morbidity, mortality, decreased quality of life, and economic costs. Expanding comprehension of the pathogenesis of depression as an immunometabolic disorder has identified numerous pathophysiologic phenomena in common with CVD, including chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. These shared components could be exploited to offer improved alternatives in the joint management of these conditions. Abundant preclinical and clinical data on the impact of established treatments for CVD in the management of depression have allowed for potential candidates to be proposed for the joint management of depression and CVD as immunometabolic disorders. However, a large proportion of the clinical investigation currently available exhibits marked methodological flaws which preclude the formulation of concrete recommendations in many cases. This situation may be a reflection of pervasive problems present in clinical research in psychiatry, especially pertaining to study homogeneity. Therefore, further high-quality research is essential in the future in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Salazar
- Address correspondence to this author at the Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 20th Avenue 4004, Venezuela; Tel/Fax: ++582617597279; E-mail:
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152
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Dowlati Y, Maheux M, Meyer JH. The Effect of Oral L-cysteine on Breast Milk and Plasma Cysteine Concentrations. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:3163-3172. [PMID: 33376332 PMCID: PMC7762443 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s255205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Greater oxidative signaling is implicated in major depressive disorder; hence, there is considerable interest in developing oral supplements with anti-oxidant properties to prevent or treat mood disorders, such as postpartum depression. L-cysteine is a precursor for glutathione, an important antioxidant in the brain. So, developing L-cysteine as a dietary supplement may be useful, provided oral supplementation substantially raises its concentration in blood plasma yet does not affect its total concentration in breast milk. This study assessed the effect of oral L-cysteine on its concentration in breast milk and blood plasma of breastfeeding mothers. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Twenty-four health breastfeeding women were randomly assigned to 0, 1.5, or 3 g of oral L-cysteine. Free and total cysteine in breast milk; and free cysteine in plasma were measured. While breast milk is the gold standard, measurement of infant formulas provides indices of nutritional intake considered safe. Therefore, free cysteine was also measured in six different formulas. RESULTS Total cysteine in breast milk was not affected by oral L-cysteine (Repeated Measures of ANOVA (rANOVA), intervention effect: p=0.75). Free cysteine levels in breast milk did rise (rANOVA, intervention effect: p=0.017), but were within the range of common infant formulas. There was no significant effect of L-cysteine supplementation on free cysteine levels in plasma (rANOVA, intervention effect: p=0.25), although a post hoc analysis found a trend towards greater plasma cysteine 30 minutes after oral supplementation (t(14)=-1.69, p=0.11, 3g versus no-dose). CONCLUSION The negligible effect of oral cysteine administration on its total concentration in breast milk was favorable, but the minimal effect on its blood plasma concentration more strongly argues against further development of oral L-cysteine in postpartum, as well as other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekta Dowlati
- CAMH Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- CAMH Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
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153
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Pogocki D, Kisała J, Cebulski J. Depression as is Seen by Molecular Spectroscopy. Phospholipid- Protein Balance in Affective Disorders and Dementia. Curr Mol Med 2019; 20:484-487. [PMID: 31854279 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666191219102746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There is an expanding field of research investigating the instrumental methods to measure the development of affective disorders. The goal of the commentary is to turn the attention of medical practitioners at the molecular spectroscopy techniques (FTIR, Raman and UV-Vis) that can be applied for monitoring and quantification of the phospholipid-protein balance in human blood serum of depressed patients. Even facial overview of cited original research strongly suggests that disturbed phospholipid-protein balance could be one of the biomarkers of affective disorders. The blood serum monitoring of depressed patients would serve as a tool for more effective holistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Pogocki
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.,Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kisała
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Józef Cebulski
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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154
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Common Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Ischemia and Depression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2491927. [PMID: 32148646 PMCID: PMC7044480 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2491927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The public health sector faces a huge challenge as a result of the high prevalence and burden of disability caused by ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and depression. Although studies have explored the underlying mechanisms and potential therapies to address conditions, there is no treatment breakthrough, especially for depression which is highly influenced by social stressors. However, accumulating evidence reveals that CVD and depression are correlated and share common risk factors, particularly obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. They also share common mechanisms, including oxidative stress (OS), inflammation and immune response, cell death signaling pathway, and microbiome-gut-brain axis. This review summarizes the relationship between ischemic CVD and depression and describes the interactions among common risk factors and mechanisms for these two diseases. In addition, we propose that OS mediates the crosstalk between these diseases. We also reveal the potential of antioxidants to ameliorate OS-related injuries.
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155
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Géa LP, Colombo R, Rosa EDD, Antqueviezc B, Aguiar ÉZD, Hizo GH, Schmidt GB, Oliveira LFD, Stein DJ, Rosa AR. Anhedonic-like behavior correlates with IFNγ serum levels in a two-hit model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2019; 373:112076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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156
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Kumar M, Chail M. Sucrose and saccharin differentially modulate depression and anxiety-like behavior in diabetic mice: exposures and withdrawal effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3095-3110. [PMID: 31073738 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sugar has addictive potential owing to increase in monoaminergic-transmission at pleasure and reward centers of brain. Insulin dysfunction triggered synaptic monoamine deficit is associated with sugar overeating and craving-related psychological changes in diabetic patients. Sugar-substitute (saccharin) is non-caloric artificial sweetener that may alleviate brain disorders in diabetes. OBJECTIVES In present study, effects of sucrose and sugar-substitute (saccharin) exposures and withdrawal on depression and anxiety-like behavior in type 2 diabetic mice were assessed. METHODS Swiss albino mice were injected with streptozotocin (135 mg/kg). After induction of diabetes, mice were exposed to a two-bottle water-water, 10% sucrose-water, or 10% saccharin-water choice paradigm for 28 days. Separate groups were employed to assess withdrawal effect of sucrose or saccharin in diabetic mice. Monoamine oxidase (MAO), corticosterone, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were quantified after behavioral tests. RESULTS Diabetic mice manifested preference towards 10% sucrose or saccharin over water. Sucrose-overeating by diabetic mice amplified symptoms of depression and anxiety; however, withdrawal further exaggerated these behavioral abnormalities. Substitution of sucrose by 10% saccharin attenuated the depressive and anxiety-like behavior in comparison to diabetic mice that were exposed separately to water-water or sucrose-water alone, and with respect to normal mice. Although withdrawal from saccharin resurfaced behavioral anomalies in diabetic mice, however, these were significantly low in comparison with withdrawal from sucrose or normal group. Reinstatement of exposure to saccharin mitigated symptoms of depression and anxiety in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Preference of sucrose overeating augments while saccharin mitigates depressive and anxiety behavior during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Monica Chail
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
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157
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Li CI, Liu CS, Lin CH, Lin WY, Lee YD, Yang SY, Li TC, Lin CC. Competing risk analysis on visit-to-visit glucose variations and risk of depression: The Taiwan Diabetes Study. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2019; 46:223-229. [PMID: 31472230 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Patients with diabetes have higher rates of depression than does the general population, but diabetes management mainly aims to maintain glucose stability. For this reason, our study assessed the relationship between 1-year variations in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and risk of depression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 32,829 patients aged ≥30 years who were diagnosed with T2D and who participated in the National Diabetes Case Management Program in Taiwan. Their 1-year FPG variation as a predictor was determined by coefficient of variation (CV), whereas depressive events were analyzed by Cox's proportional hazards models. RESULTS During a mean 8.23 years of follow-up, 1041 new cases of depression were diagnosed. When patients were grouped based on quartiles of FPG-CV, incidence rates were 3.23, 3.49, 3.96 and 4.80 per 1000 person-years in the first, second, third and fourth quartile subgroups, respectively. After adjusting for traditional risk factors, baseline fasting glucose and HbA1c levels, and diabetes complications, FPG-CV was independently linked with incident depression. Hazard ratios of depression for FPG-CV in the fourth vs first quartile subgroups was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.11-1.59), respectively. CONCLUSION Patients whose 1-year FPG variations were>42.6% had an increased risk of depression, thus suggesting that FPG variations may be a predictor of depression in patients with T2D. Also, glucose variation during outpatient visits may be an indicator for individualized diabetes management in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-I Li
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-S Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-H Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-Y Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-D Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical College, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - S-Y Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T-C Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - C-C Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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158
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Muneer A, Minhas FA. Telomere Biology in Mood Disorders: An Updated, Comprehensive Review of the Literature. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:343-363. [PMID: 31352701 PMCID: PMC6705109 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.3.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major psychiatric disorders are linked to early mortality and patients afflicted with these ailments demonstrate an increased risk of developing physical diseases that are characteristically seen in the elderly. Psychiatric conditions like major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia may be associated with accelerated cellular aging, indicated by shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL), which could underlie this connection. Telomere shortening occurs with repeated cell division and is reflective of a cell’s mitotic history. It is also influenced by cumulative exposure to inflammation and oxidative stress as well as the availability of telomerase, the telomere-lengthening enzyme. Precariously short telomeres can cause cells to undergo senescence, apoptosis or genomic instability; shorter LTL correlates with compromised general health and foretells mortality. Important data specify that LTL may be reduced in principal psychiatric illnesses, possibly in proportion to exposure to the ailment. Telomerase, as measured in peripheral blood monocytes, has been less well characterized in psychiatric illnesses, but a role in mood disorder has been suggested by preclinical and clinical studies. In this manuscript, the most recent studies on LTL and telomerase activity in mood disorders are comprehensively reviewed, potential mediators are discussed, and future directions are suggested. An enhanced comprehension of cellular aging in psychiatric illnesses could lead to their re-conceptualizing as systemic ailments with manifestations both inside and outside the brain. At the same time this paradigm shift could identify new treatment targets, helpful in bringing about lasting cures to innumerable sufferers across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ather Muneer
- Department of Psychiatry, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Fareed Aslam Minhas
- Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Center, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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159
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Evaluation of ischemia modified albumin levels in major depression patients. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.598200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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160
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Jiang N, Lv J, Wang H, Wang Q, Lu C, Yang Y, Huang H, Xia T, Lv G, Liu X. Antidepressant‐like effects of
20(
S
)‐protopanaxadiol
in a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress and the related mechanisms. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2726-2736. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jing‐wei Lv
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Hai‐xia Wang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Affiliated TCM Hospital/School of Pharmacy/Sino‐Portugal TCM International Cooperation CenterSouthwest Medical University Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Cong Lu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yu‐jie Yang
- Affiliated TCM Hospital/School of Pharmacy/Sino‐Portugal TCM International Cooperation CenterSouthwest Medical University Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Tian‐ji Xia
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Guang‐hua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Xin‐min Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
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161
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Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in the Development of Gastric Cancer and Gastric Cancer-Related Depression through ABL1-Mediated Inflammation Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5813985. [PMID: 31396300 PMCID: PMC6664690 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5813985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The mechanisms of crosstalk between depression and gastric cancer (GC) remain ill defined. Given that reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the pathophysiology of both GC and depression, we try to explore the activities of ROS in the development of GC and GC-related depression. Methods 110 patients with newly diagnosed GC were recruited in our study. The clinical characteristics of these patients were recorded. Inflammation and oxidative stress markers were detected by ELISA. The depression status of patients with GC was assessed during follow-up. The association between ROS, ABL1, and inflammation factors was evaluated in H2O2-treated GC cell lines and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The effect of ABL1 on inflammation was detected with Imatinib/Nilotinib-treated GC cell lines. A chronic mild stress- (CMS-) induced patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice model was established to assess the crosstalk between depression and GC. Results Depression was correlated with poor prognosis of patients with GC. GC patients with depression were under a high level of oxidative status as well as dysregulated inflammation. In the CMS-induced GC PDX mice model, CMS could facilitate the development of GC. Additionally, tumor bearing could induce depressive-like behaviors of mice. With the treatment of ROS, the activities of ABL1 and inflammatory signaling were enhanced both in vitro and in vivo, and blocking the activities of ABL1 inhibited inflammatory signaling. Conclusions ROS-activated ABL1 mediates inflammation through regulating NF-κB1 and STAT3, which subsequently leads to the development of GC and GC-related depression.
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162
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Nascimento C, Nunes VP, Diehl Rodriguez R, Takada L, Suemoto CK, Grinberg LT, Nitrini R, Lafer B. A review on shared clinical and molecular mechanisms between bipolar disorder and frontotemporal dementia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:269-283. [PMID: 31014945 PMCID: PMC6994228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders are highly prevalent and important causes of medical burden worldwide. Co-occurrence of neurological and psychiatric symptoms are observed among mental disorders, representing a challenge for their differential diagnosis. Psychiatrists and neurologists have faced challenges in diagnosing old adults presenting behavioral changes. This is the case for early frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and bipolar disorder. In its initial stages, FTD is characterized by behavioral or language disturbances in the absence of cognitive symptoms. Consequently, patients with the behavioral subtype of FTD (bv-FTD) can be initially misdiagnosed as having a psychiatric disorder, typically major depression disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). Bipolar disorder is associated with a higher risk of dementia in older adults and with cognitive impairment, with a subset of patients presents a neuroprogressive pattern during the disease course. No mendelian mutations were identified in BD, whereas three major genetic causes of FTD have been identified. Clinical similarities between BD and bv-FTD raise the question whether common molecular pathways might explain shared clinical symptoms. Here, we reviewed existing data on clinical and molecular similarities between BD and FTD to propose biological pathways that can be further investigated as common or specific markers of BD and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nascimento
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Villela Paula Nunes
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Diehl Rodriguez
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology and LIM 22, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Leonel Takada
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Kimie Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-90, Brazil
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-90, Brazil; Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-120, USA.
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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163
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Rai A, Gill M, Kinra M, Shetty R, Krishnadas N, Rao CM, Sumalatha S, Kumar N. Catechin ameliorates depressive symptoms in Sprague Dawley rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress by decreasing oxidative stress. Biomed Rep 2019; 11:79-84. [PMID: 31338194 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechin is an active ingredient of green tea. It is reported to inhibit corticosteroid-induced anxiety and depression-like symptoms. Considering the complex nature of depression, effects of catechin need to be studied in a clinically relevant depression model. The present study was designed to explore the antidepressant effect of catechin in Sprague Dawley rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Animals were subjected to CUMS and treated with (+)-catechin (50 mg/kg) or escitalopram (10 mg/kg) orally; a CUMS control and a vehicle control that was not exposed to CUMS were also established. Various stressors were applied daily in an unpredictable manner for 8 weeks achieve CUMS. Sucrose preference test were performed after 4 and 8 weeks and forced swim tests (FSTs) were conducted at weeks 4, 6 and 8. At the end of week 8, animals were sacrificed and the brain homogenate was studied for antioxidant parameters. Compared with the vehicle control, animals of the CUMS control group showed a significant decrease in sucrose intake. Catechin and escitalopram treatment significantly improved the sucrose intake compared with the CUMS control. A similar trend was observed in the FSTs, where catechin and escitalopram treatment significantly reduced the immobility time, and antioxidant parameters, including catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels were recovered in treated animals compared with the CUMS control. Thus, it was concluded that catechin reverses CUMS-induced depression in rats by ameliorating oxidative stress, which may help to develop a novel treatment for major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Rai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.,Ecron Acunova Ltd., Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Meghna Gill
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Manas Kinra
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | | | - Nandakumar Krishnadas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Suhani Sumalatha
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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164
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Monroy-Jaramillo N, Dyukova E, Walss-Bass C. Telomere length in psychiatric disorders: Is it more than an ageing marker? World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 19:S2-S20. [PMID: 28000540 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1273550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychiatric and substance-use disorders have been associated with premature biological ageing. Telomere length (TL), considered an ageing marker, has been analysed in psychiatric disorders, and to a lesser extent in substance-use disorders, with recent findings suggesting TL may be related to disease pathology. METHODS We conducted a critical and non-systematic literature search of TL studies published up to June 2016 in psychiatric and substance-use disorders, focussing on studies describing mechanisms, including studies linking telomere biology with genetic factors, stress and mitochondrial alterations (104 studies selected). RESULTS Patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety appear to have shorter leukocyte telomeres compared to controls. Inconclusive results are found for other psychiatric disorders and for substance-use disorders. This may be due in part to differences in medication treatment and response, as studies suggest that some psychotropic medications may modulate TL. Importantly, some studies establish a relationship between telomere machinery, stress and mitochondria function in psychiatric and substance-use disorders. CONCLUSIONS While further longitudinal studies considering telomere genetics are needed to clarify the cause-effect link between telomeres and mitochondria function in psychiatric and substance-use disorders, the recent findings linking these biological processes suggest that telomeres may be more than ageing markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Genetics , National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Elena Dyukova
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA
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Cai H, Cao T, Li N, Fang P, Xu P, Wu X, Zhang B, Xiang D. Quantitative monitoring of a panel of stress-induced biomarkers in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: an application in a comparative study between depressive patients and healthy subjects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5765-5777. [PMID: 31201457 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Using a metabolomic approach, we have found that stress can induce oxidative damage by disturbing the creatine/phosphocreatine shuttle system and purinergic pathway, leading to an excessive membrane breakdown. To further validate our findings and to monitor the biological impact of stress in research of clinical psychiatry, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously determine a panel of biomarkers comprising choline, creatine, purinergic metabolites, neurosteroids, lysophosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanolamines in human plasma. After optimization of the extraction protocol, all the 15 analytes plus 4 internal standards with distinct polarities were extracted into an organic phase using methyl tert-butyl ether/methanol (1:1, v/v). A reversed-phase C8 column under gradient elution consisting of aqueous phase A of 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.1% formic acid and organic phase B of acetonitrile/2-propanol (3:7, v/v) was utilized for separation. Four sequential periods under positive or negative ion mode were combined for the determination of analytes with specific multiple reaction monitoring transitions. For all analytes, this method exhibited good linearity with coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.99. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) values ranged from 0.05 to 80.0 ng/mL. Recovery between 70.5 and 97.3% was obtained by spiking standards to plasma samples stripped by powdered activated carbon. The intra- and inter-assay relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the analyses varied between 2.0 and 13.3%. The mean accuracy ranged from 90.6 to 109.0%. The matrix effect ranged from 91.2 to 107.3% with variations less than 9.0%. Stability under different conditions was tested, with mean recoveries varying between 90.4 and 109.7%. Finally, the established method was successfully applied to analyze the plasma samples from a small cohort of 30 patients with major depressive disorder and 30 matched healthy controls. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuaLin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - NaNa Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - PingFei Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - XiangXin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - BiKui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - DaXiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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166
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Lacidipine attenuates reserpine-induced depression-like behavior and oxido-nitrosative stress in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1265-1275. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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167
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Insights into the potential antidepressant mechanisms of cilostazol in chronically restraint rats: impact on the Nrf2 pathway. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 29:28-40. [PMID: 28763303 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence has pointed to a close link between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and depression. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis and affects mitochondrial function. Nrf2 holds promise for depression prevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the potential prophylactic antidepressant effect of cilostazol and the contribution of the Nrf2 pathway toward the putative neuroprotection. The behavioral and neurochemical effects of concomitant treatment of oral cilostazol at doses of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg/day in Wistar rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 4 weeks were assayed. Cilostazol prevented CRS-induced depressive-like behavior shown in sucrose-preference, forced-swimming, and open-field tests, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity (adrenal gland weight and serum corticosterone). Cilostazol prevented CRS-induced increase in hippocampal lipid peroxidation and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and a decrease in antioxidant activities (glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). Western blot and PCR showed that cilostazol favorably modulated the Nrf2 protein and heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 gene expression in the hippocampus of CRS rats. Cilostazol also prevented the decrease in the hippocampal activities of mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complexes I-IV. These behavioral and biochemical findings indicated the potential prophylactic antidepressant effect and mechanism of cilostazol by preventing oxidative stress by activation of redox defense mechanisms mediated through the Nrf2 pathway and restoring mitochondrial dysfunction.
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168
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Bansal Y, Singh R, Parhar I, Kuhad A, Soga T. Quinolinic Acid and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Depression: Role in Neuroprogression. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:452. [PMID: 31164818 PMCID: PMC6536572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is an incapacitating neuropsychiatric disorder. The serotonergic system in the brain plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. However, due to delayed and/or poor performance of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treating depressive symptoms, the role of the serotonergic system in depression has been recently questioned further. Evidence from recent studies suggests that increased inflammation and oxidative stress may play significant roles in the pathophysiology of depression. The consequences of these factors can lead to the neuroprogression of depression, involving neurodegeneration, astrocytic apoptosis, reduced neurogenesis, reduced plasticity (neuronal and synaptic), and enhanced immunoreactivity. Specifically, increased proinflammatory cytokine levels have been shown to activate the kynurenine pathway, which causes increased production of quinolinic acid (QA, an N-Methyl-D-aspartate agonist) and decreases the synthesis of serotonin. QA exerts many deleterious effects on the brain via mechanisms including N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity, increased oxidative stress, astrocyte degeneration, and neuronal apoptosis. QA may also act directly as a pro-oxidant. Additionally, the nuclear translocation of antioxidant defense factors, such as nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), is downregulated in depression. Hence, in the present review, we discuss the role of QA in increasing oxidative stress in depression by modulating the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and thus affecting the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Bansal
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raghunath Singh
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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169
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Takahashi M, Lim PJ, Tsubosaka M, Kim HK, Miyashita M, Suzuki K, Tan EL, Shibata S. Effects of increased daily physical activity on mental health and depression biomarkers in postmenopausal women. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:408-413. [PMID: 31037019 PMCID: PMC6451947 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Little is known about the effectiveness of daily physical activity on
depression biomarkers in older adults. This study aimed to investigate the effects of
increased daily physical activity for 8 weeks on depression biomarkers in postmenopausal
women. [Participants and Methods] Thirty-eight postmenopausal females were randomly
assigned into a control or an active group and were asked to wear a uniaxial accelerometer
for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at the end of the intervention.
During the intervention, the active group was asked to increase their physical activity
level above their usual lifestyle whereas those in the control group maintained their
daily lifestyle. [Results] After the 8-week intervention, the step counts of the
participants in the active group increased. The serum concentration of the brain-derived
neurotrophic factor and serotonin increased significantly in the active group, but not in
the control group, as compared with baseline values. The serum concentration of
derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential did not
change after the intervention in either group. [Conclusion] These findings may suggest
that promotion of daily physical activity in postmenopausal women has a positive impact on
depression without any change in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takahashi
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore, Waseda University: 138667, Singapore
| | - Pei Jean Lim
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore, Waseda University: 138667, Singapore
| | - Miku Tsubosaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, Japan
| | | | | | - Eng Lee Tan
- Digital Healthcare Innovation Center, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
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170
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Müller WE, Eckert A, Eckert GP, Fink H, Friedland K, Gauthier S, Hoerr R, Ihl R, Kasper S, Möller HJ. Therapeutic efficacy of the Ginkgo special extract EGb761 ® within the framework of the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:173-189. [PMID: 28460580 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1308552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of dementia assumes mitochondrial dysfunction as an important common pathomechanism for the whole spectrum of age-associated memory disorders from cognitive symptoms in the elderly over mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's dementia. Thus, a drug such as the Ginkgo special extract EGb 761® which improves mitochondrial function should be able to ameliorate cognitive deficits over the whole aging spectrum. METHODS We review the most relevant publications about effects of EGb 761® on cognition and synaptic deficits in preclinical studies as well as on cognitive deficits in man from aging to dementia. RESULTS EGb 761® improves mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment over the whole spectrum of age-associated cognitive disorders in relevant animal models and in vitro experiments, and also shows clinical efficacy in improving cognition over the whole range from aging to Alzheimer's or even vascular dementia. CONCLUSIONS EGb 761® shows clinical efficacy in the treatment of cognitive deficits over the whole spectrum of age-associated memory disorders. Thus, EGb 761® can serve as an important pharmacological argument for the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter E Müller
- a Department of Pharmacology , Biocenter, Goethe-University , Frankfurt/M , Germany
| | - Anne Eckert
- b Neurobiological laboratory, Department of Psychiatry , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- c Department of Nutritional Sciences , Justus-Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Heidrun Fink
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Free University , Berlin , Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- e Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy , University Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Serge Gauthier
- f McGill Center for Studies in Aging , Montreal , Canada
| | - Robert Hoerr
- g Dr.Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Ralf Ihl
- h Alexianer Hospital, Clinic of Geriatric Psychiatry , Krefeld , Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- i Department of Psychiatry , Medical University , Vienna , Austria
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- j Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig-Maximilian University , Munich , Germany
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171
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Liu J, Dong Q, Lu X, Sun J, Zhang L, Wang M, Wan P, Guo H, Zhao F, Ju Y, Yan D, Li H, Fang H, Guo W, Liao M, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Liu B, Li L. Exploration of Major Cognitive Deficits in Medication-Free Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:836. [PMID: 31798480 PMCID: PMC6863061 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with a wide range of cognitive deficits. However, it remains unclear whether there will be a major cognitive deficit independently caused by depression at acute episodes of MDD. Method: A comprehensive neurocognitive test battery was used to assess the executive function, processing speed, attention, and memory in 162 MDD patients and 142 healthy controls (HCs). A multivariate analysis of variance, hierarchical regression analyses and general linear regression analyses were used to explore the possible major cognitive deficits and their predictor variables. Results: MDD patients showed extensive impairment in all four cognitive domains. Impairment of executive function and processing speed were found to persist even with other cognitive domains and clinical variables being accounted for. Executive function and processing speed were further predicted by total disease duration and depression severity, respectively. Conclusions: Executive function and processing speed may be two distinct major deficits at acute episodes of MDD. Furthermore, the executive function is likely originated from the cumulative effect of disease duration and processing speed is possibly derived from the temporary effect of current depressive episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Qiangli Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowen Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Jinrong Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Futao Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Danfeng Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Haolun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Han Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
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173
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Barua CC, Haloi P, Saikia B, Sulakhiya K, Pathak DC, Tamuli S, Rizavi H, Ren X. Zanthoxylum alatum abrogates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behaviours in mice by modulating neuroinflammation and monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:245-252. [PMID: 29569964 PMCID: PMC6130615 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1391298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Depression is an inflammatory, commonly occurring and lethal psychiatric disorder having high lifetime prevalence. Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. (Rutaceae), commonly called Timur, has high medicinal value and is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various diseases. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of hexane extract of Z. alatum seeds (ZAHE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behaviour in Swiss albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were treated with ZAHE (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and imipramine (10 mg/kg injected i.p.) for 14 days. On 14th day of the treatment, depression-like behaviour was induced by LPS (0.83 mg/kg injected i.p.) and after 24 h of LPS administration, it was assessed by measuring behavioural parameters and biochemical estimations. RESULTS Behavioural tests, including the open field test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test and sucrose preference test revealed that ZAHE (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and imipramine (10 mg/kg injected i.p.) alleviated the depression symptoms of LPS-induced mice. Moreover, ZAHE treatments reversed the LPS-induced alterations in the concentrations of norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT) and inhibited the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxido-nitrosative stress in the mice. Acute toxicity was calculated to be LD50 > 2500 mg/kg. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study showed that LPS-induced depression in mice was significantly prevented by ZAHE at both the dosages. In conclusion, ZAHE exhibited an antidepressant activity by altering monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the brain combined with its anti-inflammatory potential. Thus, it could be an effective therapeutic against inflammation-induced depression and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Choudhury Barua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Prakash Haloi
- National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar (HBNI), School of Biological Sciences, Khurdha, India
| | - Beenita Saikia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
| | | | - Shantanu Tamuli
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Hooriah Rizavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Biology Research Building (MBRB), University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinguo Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Biology Research Building (MBRB), University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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174
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Romaniuk A, Paszel-Jaworska A, Totoń E, Lisiak N, Hołysz H, Królak A, Grodecka-Gazdecka S, Rubiś B. The non-canonical functions of telomerase: to turn off or not to turn off. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1401-1411. [PMID: 30448892 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is perceived as an immortality enzyme that enables passing the Hayflick limit. Its main function is telomere restoration but only in a limited group of cells, including cancer cells. Since it is found in a vast majority of cancer cells, it became a natural target for cancer therapy. However, it has much more functions than just altering the metabolism of telomeres-it also reveals numerous so-called non-canonical functions. Thus, a question arises whether it is always beneficial to turn it off when planning a cancer strategy and considering potential side effects? The purpose of this review is to discuss some of the recent discoveries about telomere-independent functions of telomerase in the context of cancer therapy and potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Romaniuk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Paszel-Jaworska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Totoń
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Lisiak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Hołysz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Królak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Błażej Rubiś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznań, Poland.
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175
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α-Tocopherol Ameliorates Redox Equilibrium and Reduces Inflammatory Response Caused by Chronic Variable Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7210783. [PMID: 30533439 PMCID: PMC6250045 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7210783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to stress factors contributes to the development of depression by generating excess of reactive oxygen species which leads to oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. The aim of the study was to assess the potential protective properties of α-tocopherol supplementation on the rats exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS). Male Wistar rats (50-55 days old, weighing 200-250 g) were divided into three groups (n=10): control, stressed, and stressed and receiving (+)-α-tocopherol solution in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Rats in the stressed groups were exposed to CVS for 40 days. Markers of redox disorders (glutathione reduced and oxidized levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase activities, total antioxidant status, and lipid peroxidation) and inflammatory response (IL-1β, IL6, and TNF-α) were determined in the blood. Additionally, molecular biomarkers of depression (expression of Fkbp5 and Tph2) were studied in hippocampus. The biochemical analysis was inconclusive about the presence of oxidative stress in the blood of rats exposed to CVS. However, changes in all parameters suggest presence of redox equilibrium disorders. Similarly, activation of inflammatory processes was observed as a result of CVS. Molecular effects of environmental stress in hippocampus were also observed. Generally, α-tocopherol ameliorated redox equilibrium disorders, tempered inflammatory response, and protected from changes in determined molecular markers of depression.
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176
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Abstract
For many years, depressive disorder (DD) was considered a transient and natural disease of people's mood. Its etiology had been attributed mainly to biochemical alterations of the monoamines and their receptors. Nevertheless, its prevalence and considerable impact on the family and social environment of those afflicted by it have placed the disease as a global public health problem. Neuroprogression is the term used to describe the changes in several psychiatric conditions evidenced and observed in the clinical manifestations, biochemical markers, and cerebral structures of the patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), which frequently overlap with neurodegenerative disorders. DD is considered a potentially aggressive state of neuronal deterioration involving apoptosis, reduced neurogenesis, decreased neuronal plasticity, and increased immune response. Clinically, it encompasses a poor response to treatment and an increase in depressive episodes, both of which bring about vulnerability and decline of functions associated with structural changes in the brain. The interest of this work is to review the metabolic processes involved in the morphologic alterations in the limbic system reported in patients with MDD, as well as the neurologic bases of this complex pathology that include environmental stress, genetic vulnerability, alterations in the neurotransmission, and changes in the neuroplasticity, all of which today bring into limelight a mechanism of progressive neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma A Labra Ruiz
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Hugo Juárez Olguín
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miroslava Lindoro Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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177
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Finnell JE, Wood SK. Putative Inflammatory Sensitive Mechanisms Underlying Risk or Resilience to Social Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:240. [PMID: 30416436 PMCID: PMC6212591 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well recognized that exposure to stress can lead to the onset of psychosocial disorders such as depression. While there are a number of antidepressant therapies currently available and despite producing immediate neurochemical alterations, they require weeks of continuous use in order to exhibit antidepressant efficacy. Moreover, up to 30% of patients do not respond to typical antidepressants, suggesting that our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying stress-induced depression is still limited. In recent years inflammation has become a major focus in the study of depression as several clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that peripheral and central inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, are elevated in depressed patients. Moreover, it has been suggested that inflammation and particularly neuroinflammation may be a direct and immediate link in the emergence of stress-induced depression due to the broad neural and glial effects that are elicited by proinflammatory cytokines. Importantly, individual differences in inflammatory reactivity may further explain why certain individuals exhibit differing susceptibility to the consequences of stress. In this review article, we discuss sources of individual differences such as age, sex and coping mechanisms that are likely sources of distinct changes in stress-induced neuroimmune factors and highlight putative sources of exaggerated neuroinflammation in susceptible individuals. Furthermore, we review the current literature of specific neural and glial mechanisms that are regulated by stress and inflammation including mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and mechanisms of glutamate excitotoxicity. Taken together, the impetus for this review is to move towards a better understanding of mechanisms regulated by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are capable of contributing to the emergence of depressive-like behaviors in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Finnell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Susan K Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States.,WJB Dorn Veterans Administration Medical Center, Columbia, SC, United States
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178
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Wang L, Li XX, Chen X, Qin XY, Kardami E, Cheng Y. Antidepressant-Like Effects of Low- and High-Molecular Weight FGF-2 on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:377. [PMID: 30369869 PMCID: PMC6194172 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of depressive disorder has long been attributed to changes in monoamines, with the focus of drug treatment strategies being to change the effectiveness of monoamines. However, the success achieved by changing these processes is limited and further stimulates the exploration of alternative mechanisms and treatments. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), which occurs in a high-molecular weight (HMW) and low-molecular weight (LMW) form, is a potent developmental modulator and nervous system regulator that has been suggested to play an important role in various psychiatric disorders. In this study, we investigated the antidepressant effects of HMW and LMW FGF-2 on depression induced by chronic stress. Both peripheral LMW and HMW FGF-2 attenuated the depression-like behaviors in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice to a similar extent, as determined by the forced swimming, tail suspension, and sucrose preference tests. We then showed that CUMS-induced oxidative stresses in mice were inhibited by FGF-2 treatments both in central and peripheral. We also showed that both forms of FGF-2 increased the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT, increased Bcl-2 expression and inhibited caspase-3 activation in CUMS mice. Interestingly, HMW FGF-2 enhanced the activity of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to a greater extent than did LMW FGF-2 in the hippocampus. Taken together, these results suggest that depressive symptoms can be relieved by administering different forms of FGF-2 peripherally in a CUMS-induced depression model through a similar antidepressant signaling pathway, therefore suggesting a potential clinical use for FGF-2 as a treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine for Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine for Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine for Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Elissavet Kardami
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine for Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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179
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Li W, Zhu Y, Liu X, Hou J, Fang J, Shen J, Ma X. Phencynonate mediates antidepressant response by activating sirtuin 6-SOD2/Prdx6 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:898-904. [PMID: 30309657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is a highly prevalent disorder with no effective medical treatments available. Recent evidence has shown that sirtuins (SIRTs) signaling has been implicated to play an essential in the pathogenesis of depression. Here in this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of the phencynonate hydrochloride (PHH) in rat models of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. SIRT6 expression was up-regulated by PHH via increasing NAD+/NADH ratio in the prefrontal cortex. PHH was able to suppress CUMS-induced oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant capacity and antioxidant proteins activity, such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6). In vitro study, we found that SIRT6 directly bound to SOD2 and Prdx6 and deacetylated them at Lys68/122 and Lys63/209, which were acetylated by p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF). Finally, we showed that PHH ameliorated CUMS-induced depressive phenotypes by up-regulating SIRT6 deacetylation activity. In summary, PHH-mediating SIRT6 pathway is required for antidepressant response and PHH can be used as a novel therapeutic to effectively treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jingxuan Shen
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xinming Ma
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China.
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180
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Oh DR, Kim Y, Choi EJ, Jo A, Shin J, Kang H, Lee SG, Kim J, Kim YR, Choi CY. Antidepressant Effects of Vaccinium bracteatum via Protection Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1-20. [PMID: 30284467 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the anti-oxidative stress activity of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. fruit extract (VBFW) to identify the mechanisms responsible for its antidepressant-like effects. To evaluate the antidepressant and anti-oxidant effects of VBFW, malondialdehyde (MDA), serotonin transporter (SERT), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) levels were measured in a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS). The underlying mechanisms preventing oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis were investigated using in vitro models of hydrogen peroxide (H2O[Formula: see text]-induced neuronal damage. The results showed that VBFW treatment (200[Formula: see text]mg/kg) significantly reduced MDA, SERT, and MAO-A levels in the prefrontal cortex of CRS mice. Furthermore, VBFW (30[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) exhibited protective effects against H2O2-induced cell death via inhibition of the H2O2-induced increase in Bax and decrease in Bcl-2 levels within the mitochondria of SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, VBFW (10 and 30[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) exerted protective effects against H2O2-induced cell death through inhibition of key mitochondria-associated apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome c, caspase-3 and PARP. Additionally, VBFW (10 and 30[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) could improve the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes (such as SOD and catalase) in H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that the antidepressant and anti-oxidant effects of VBFW might be mediated by the regulation of SERT and MAO-A, and possibly associated with regulation of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dool-Ri Oh
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
- † College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Jawon Shin
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Huwon Kang
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Kim
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ran Kim
- † College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Yung Choi
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
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Vosahlikova M, Ujcikova H, Hlouskova M, Musil S, Roubalova L, Alda M, Svoboda P. Induction of oxidative stress by long-term treatment of live HEK293 cells with therapeutic concentration of lithium is associated with down-regulation of δ-opioid receptor amount and function. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:452-463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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182
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Muneer A, Mazommil R. The Staging of Major Mood Disorders: Clinical and Neurobiological Correlates. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:747-758. [PMID: 30134644 PMCID: PMC6111216 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.05.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Staging of psychiatric disorders is gaining momentum and the purpose of this review is to examine whether major mood disorders can be defined according to stages. METHODS In April 2018 the PubMed electronic data base was scrutinized by a combination of various search terms like "major depressive disorder and staging," "bipolar disorder and neuroprogression," etc. To incorporate the latest findings the search was limited to the last 10 years. Both original and review articles were examined by reading the abstracts, and papers which were found to be particularly applicable were read in full and their reference lists were also consulted. RESULTS A significant increase occurred in the number of papers published on the topic of staging of mood disorders. Staging formats were found for both major mood disorders, with the caveat that many more articles were discovered for bipolar disorder. Current evidence points to allostatic load and neuroprogression as the basis for staging of mood disorders. CONCLUSION Principal affective illnesses may be characterized by distinct stages, for instance early, intermediate and late. These phases inform the management so that clinicians should incorporate the staging schema into everyday practice and implement treatment strategies according to the phase of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ather Muneer
- Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Mazommil
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Khawaja Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan
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183
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Eckert SH, Gaca J, Kolesova N, Friedland K, Eckert GP, Muller WE. Mitochondrial Pharmacology of Dimebon (Latrepirdine) Calls for a New Look at its Possible Therapeutic Potential in Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:729-744. [PMID: 30090660 PMCID: PMC6065284 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimebon (latrepirdine), an old antihistaminic drug, showed divergent results in two large clinical trials in Alzheimer disease (AD), which according to our review might be related to the specific pharmacological properties of the drug and the different patient populations included in both studies. Out of the many pharmacological effects of Dimebon, improvement of impaired mitochondrial function seeems to be most relevant for the substantial effects on cognition and behaviour reported in one of the studies, as these effects are already present at the low concentrations of dimebon measured in plasma and tissues of patients and experimental animals. Since impaired mitochondrial function seems to be the major driving force for the progression of the clinical symptoms and since most of the clinical benefits of dimebon originate from an effect on the symptomatic deterioration, mitochondrial improvement can also explain the lack of efficacy of this drug in another clinical trial where symptoms of the patiets remained stable for the time of the study. Accordingly, it seems worthwhile to reevaluate the clinical data to proof that clinical response is correlated with high levels of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms as these show a good relationship to the individual speed of symptomatic decline in AD patients related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schamim H Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janett Gaca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Kolesova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Deparment of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Erlangen, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Nutricional Sciences, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Walter E Muller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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184
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Tolahunase MR, Sagar R, Faiq M, Dada R. Yoga- and meditation-based lifestyle intervention increases neuroplasticity and reduces severity of major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 36:423-442. [DOI: 10.3233/rnn-170810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri R. Tolahunase
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Muneeb Faiq
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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185
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Chen F, Danladi J, Ardalan M, Elfving B, Müller HK, Wegener G, Sanchez C, Nyengaard JR. A Critical Role of Mitochondria in BDNF-Associated Synaptic Plasticity After One-Week Vortioxetine Treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21. [PMID: 29514282 PMCID: PMC6007239 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have indicated that antidepressant effect of vortioxetine involves increased synaptic plasticity and promotion of spine maturation. Mitochondria dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiological basis of major depressive disorder. Taking into consideration that vortioxetine increases spine number and dendritic branching in hippocampus CA1 faster than fluoxetine, we hypothesize that new spines induced by vortioxetine can rapidly form functional synapses by mitochondrial support, accompanied by increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling. METHODS Rats were treated for 1 week with vortioxetine or fluoxetine at pharmacologically relevant doses. Number of synapses and mitochondria in hippocampus CA1 were quantified by electron microscopy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels were visualized with immunohistochemistry. Gene and protein expression of synapse and mitochondria-related markers were investigated with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. RESULTS Vortioxetine increased number of synapses and mitochondria significantly, whereas fluoxetine had no effect after 1-week dosing. BDNF levels in hippocampus DG and CA1 were significantly higher after vortioxetine treatment. Gene expression levels of Rac1 after vortioxetine treatment were significantly increased. There was a tendency towards increased gene expression levels of Drp1 and protein levels of Rac1. However, both gene and protein levels of c-Fos were significantly decreased. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between BDNF levels and mitochondria and synapse numbers. CONCLUSION Our results imply that mitochondria play a critical role in synaptic plasticity accompanied by increased BDNF levels. Rapid changes in BDNF levels and synaptic/mitochondria plasticity of hippocampus following vortioxetine compared with fluoxetine may be ascribed to vortioxetine's modulation of serotonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, Department of Clinical Medicine - Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark ()
| | - Jibrin Danladi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Heidi K Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Alkermes, Biotechnology, Waltham, MA
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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186
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Ojo ET, Aluko OM, Umukoro S. Psychopharmacological evaluation of antidepressant-like activity of ethanol seed extract of grains of paradise (Aframomum meleguetaK. Schum.)in mice. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Toluwalope Ojo
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Oritoke Modupe Aluko
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
- Department of Physiology; School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology; Akure Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
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Jobelyn® attenuates inflammatory responses and neurobehavioural deficits associated with complete Freund-adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:585-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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188
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de Oliveira MR. Carnosic Acid as a Promising Agent in Protecting Mitochondria of Brain Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6687-6699. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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189
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Antidepressant Flavonoids and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5762172. [PMID: 29410733 PMCID: PMC5749298 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5762172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious disorder that affects hundreds of millions of people around the world and causes poor quality of life, problem behaviors, and limitations in activities of daily living. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic options is of high interest and growth. Research on the relationship between depression and oxidative stress has shown important biochemical aspects in the development of this disease. Flavonoids are a class of natural products that exhibit several pharmacological properties, including antidepressant-like activity, and affects various physiological and biochemical functions in the body. Studies show the clinical potential of antioxidant flavonoids in treating depressive disorders and strongly suggest that these natural products are interesting prototype compounds in the study of new antidepressant drugs. So, this review will summarize the chemical and pharmacological perspectives related to the discovery of flavonoids with antidepressant activity. The mechanisms of action of these compounds are also discussed, including their actions on oxidative stress relating to depression.
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191
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Antidepressant-Like Effect of Selected Egyptian Cultivars of Flaxseed Oil on a Rodent Model of Postpartum Depression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6405789. [PMID: 29333185 PMCID: PMC5733178 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6405789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a multipurpose crop with health promoting potential. This study was undertaken to investigate the fatty acid profile and yield of fixed oil of six Egyptian flaxseed cultivars. The selected cultivars with the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (G9 and G10) were assessed for their antidepressant-like effect in rat model of postpartum depression (PPD) induced by hormone-simulated pregnancy followed by hormone withdrawal and compared to fluoxetine. As compared to control group, administration of G9 and G10 (270 mg/kg/day, p.o) for two weeks during the postpartum period can alleviate anxiety and depressive-like behaviors and biochemical changes in PPD-induced rats. This was confirmed by evaluation of anxiety-like behaviors (elevated plus maze, open field test, and forced swim test tests), in addition to biochemical analysis (brain monoamine oxidase-A, corticosterone level, proinflammatory cytokines, and hippocampal redox state). In conclusion, flaxseed oil of Egyptian cultivars G9 and G10 exhibited significant antidepressant-like effect in rat model of PPD without affecting locomotor activity. At the treatment doses, the antidepressant-like activity of Giza 9 oil is comparable to fluoxetine.
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192
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Adebesin A, Adeoluwa OA, Eduviere AT, Umukoro S. Methyl jasmonate attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behaviour in mice. J Psychiatr Res 2017. [PMID: 28647678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a recurrent neuropsychiatric disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide and impact negatively on the patients' social functions and quality of life. Studies have shown that i.p injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces depressive-like behavior in rodents via induction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Methyl jasmonate (MJ), an isolated compound from jasmine plant has gained reputation in aromatherapy for treatment of depression, nervousness and memory deficits. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of MJ on LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Mice were given MJ (5-20 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (10 mL/kg) intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. On day 7, treatment was carried out 30 min prior to i.p injection of LPS (830 μg/kg). Twenty four hours after LPS administration, tail suspension, forced swim and sucrose preference tests were carried out. Thereafter, serum corticosterone levels were determined using ELISA. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined in brain tissue homogenates. LPS significantly increased immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim tests when compared with vehicle (p < 0.05), which indicates depressive-like syndromes. However, the increased immobility time was significantly reduced by MJ (5-20 mg/kg) when compared with LPS-treated group. LPS administration also altered the levels of MDA, GSH, corticosterone and TNF alpha in mice, which was significantly reversed by MJ. These findings suggest that attenuation of LPS-induced depressive-like behavior by MJ may be related to suppression of oxidative stress and release of TNF alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaeze Adebesin
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun A Adeoluwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Anthony T Eduviere
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Ogłodek EA, Just MJ, Szromek AR, Araszkiewicz A. Assessing the serum concentration levels of NT-4/5, GPX-1, TNF-α, and l-arginine as biomediators of depression severity in first depressive episode patients with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1049-1058. [PMID: 28958613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1) have been shown to play a major role in neuronal processes including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They protect the body from oxidative damage by affecting neuronal growth, development and plasticity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of NT-4/5, GPX-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and l-arginine in patients suffering from varying levels of depression severity, PTSD, and depression comorbid with PTSD. METHODS The study involved 460 participants, 360 of whom were diagnosed with different types of depressive episodes. They included: 60 patients with mild depression (MD), 60 patients with moderate depression (MOD), 60 patients with severe depression (SeD), 60 patients with MD and PTSD (MD+PTSD), 60 patients with MOD and PTSD (MOD+PTSD), 60 patients with SeD and PTSD (SeD+PTSD), and 60 patients with PTSD alone. Each group of 60 subjects comprised 30 females and 30 males. The control group comprised 40 subjects. The 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems was utilized to diagnose depression and PTSD. At 7a.m. blood samples were collected and serum NT-4/5, GPX-1, TNF-α and l-arginine concentrations were assessed using the ELISA method. RESULTS Depressive episodes with and without PTSD and PTSD alone became more severe as the levels of TNF-α, l-arginine increased and the levels of NT-4/5, GPX-1 decreased. CONCLUSION l-arginine, TNF-α, NT-4/5 and GPX-1 can be markers of depression severity in both males and females with first depressive episode with or without posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa A Ogłodek
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Marek J Just
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Municipal Hospital in Piekary Śląskie, Piekary Śląskie, Poland
| | - Adam R Szromek
- Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksander Araszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Adebesin A, Ajayi AM, Olonode EO, Omorogbe O, Umukoro S. Methyl Jasmonate Ameliorates Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations in Mouse Brain. Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:381-389. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adaeze Adebesin
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O. Olonode
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Afe Babalola University; Ado-Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Osarume Omorogbe
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
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195
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Chronic Variable Stress Is Responsible for Lipid and DNA Oxidative Disorders and Activation of Oxidative Stress Response Genes in the Brain of Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7313090. [PMID: 29085557 PMCID: PMC5612311 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7313090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic environmental stress is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and the pathogenesis of depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate biochemical and molecular changes associated with ROS generation in the brains of rats submitted to chronic variable stress. Male Wistar rats (50–55 days old, weighing 200–250 g) were divided in two groups (n = 10): control and stressed. Rats in the stressed group were exposed to stress conditions for 40 days. The animals were decapitated and the brain samples were collected. In prefrontal cortex, we measured the following biochemical parameters: lipid peroxidation and concentration of glutathione—GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities. In the hippocampus marker of DNA, oxidative damage and expression of DNA-repairing genes (Ogg1, MsrA) and gene-encoding antioxidative transcriptional factor (Nrf2) were determined. The results demonstrate indirect evidence of ROS overproduction and presence of oxidative stress. They also reveal disruption of oxidative defense systems (decreased GR activity, diminished GSH/GSSG ratio, and decreased Nrf2 expression) and activation of the oxidative DNA repair system (increased Ogg1 and MsrA expression). Together, the presented data suggest that independent activation of oxidative stress response genes occurs in chronic variable stress conditions.
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196
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Ogłodek EA. Changes in the concentrations of inflammatory and oxidative status biomediators (MIP-1 α, PMN elastase, MDA, and IL-12) in depressed patients with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:110-118. [PMID: 29339257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress are considered an imbalance between the cellular production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defense mechanisms. An inflammatory response that occurs in depression leads to a synergy between pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. This synergy induces common signal transduction pathways that boost the inflammatory cascade. The object of this study was to assess the concentrations of inflammatory and oxidative status biomediators such as MIP-1α, PMN elastase, MDA, and IL-12 in depressed patients with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and with PTSD alone. METHODS The number of participants enrolled in the study was 460. Out of them, 420 were determined to be suffering from depression, and 40 (20 males and 20 females) comprised the control group. The subjects were divided into groups, each consisting of 60 participants (30 males and 30 females) with: mild depression (MD), moderate depression (MOD), severe depression (SeD), MD and PTSD (MD+PTSD), MOD and PTSD (MOD+PTSD), SeD and PTSD (Sed+PTSD), and PTSD alone. At 7:00 a.m. all patients had blood samples collected to assess serum concentrations of the studied parameters using the Elisa method. RESULTS Depression became more severe as the concentration levels of MIP-1α, PMN elastase, MDA, and IL-12 changed. CONCLUSION Studied parameters can be used as markers of chronic stress in both depression and PTSD, either comorbid or alone, to make an early diagnosis and evaluate disease severity. Revealed changes confirm the presence of a biological response in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa A Ogłodek
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Poland.
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Trebatická J, Hradečná Z, Böhmer F, Vaváková M, Waczulíková I, Garaiova I, Luha J, Škodáček I, Šuba J, Ďuračková Z. Emulsified omega-3 fatty-acids modulate the symptoms of depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a pilot study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2017; 11:30. [PMID: 28690672 PMCID: PMC5497377 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of mood disorders in children is a growing global concern. Omega-3 fatty acids (FA) are emerging as a promising adjuvant therapy for depressive disorder (DD) in paediatric patients. The primary objective of this pilot, single-centre, randomized, double-blind controlled study was to compare the efficacy of an Omega-3 FA fish oil emulsion with a control oil emulsion alongside standard treatment for depressive symptoms in children and adolescents suffering from depressive disorder (DD) and mixed anxiety depressive disorder (MADD). METHODS 38 children (12 patients were treated and diagnosed for at least 1 month before enrolment, 26 patients were first-time diagnosed as DD) aged 11-17 years were randomised 1:1 to the intervention (Omega-3 FA, 19 patients) or active comparator (Omega-6 FA, 19 patients) groups. Children's depression inventory (CDI) ratings were performed at baseline, every 2 weeks for a 12-week intervention period and at 4-week post-intervention. 35 patients (17 in Omega-3 and 18 in Omega-6 groups) who completed the whole intervention period were evaluated. Patients from Omega-3 group were stratified according to diagnosis into two subgroups (DD-10/17 and mixed anxiety depressive disorder (MADD)-7/17 patients) and in the Omega-6 group into DD-10/18 and MADD-8/18 patients. Groups were evaluated separately. Differences between-groups were tested with the Student´s t test or non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Friedman test were used to analyse the Treatment effect for response in CDI score. p < 0.05 was considered significant in all statistical analyses. RESULTS Significant reductions in CDI scores in 35 analysed patients who completed 12 weeks intervention were observed after 12 weeks of intervention only in the Omega-3 group (p = 0.034). After stratification to depressive disorder and mixed anxiety depressive disorder subgroups, the DD subgroup receiving the Omega-3 FA fish oil showed statistically greater improvement (score reduction after 8 week treatment of -9.1 CDI, p = 0.0001) when compared to the MADD subgroup (score reduction after 8 week treatment -4.24 CDI, p = 0.271). CONCLUSIONS CDI scores were reduced in the Omega-3 group and the depression subgroup had greater improvement than the mixed depressive/anxiety group. An Omega-3 fatty acid rich fish oil emulsion may be an effective adjuvant supplement during the treatment of depressive disorders in children. Trial registration ISRCTN81655012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Trebatická
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Child University Hospital, Limbová 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Hradečná
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Child University Hospital, Limbová 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - František Böhmer
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Child University Hospital, Limbová 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdaléna Vaváková
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Waczulíková
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Garaiova
- Research and Development Department, Cultech Ltd, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ UK
| | - Ján Luha
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Škodáček
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Child University Hospital, Limbová 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Šuba
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Child University Hospital, Limbová 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdeňka Ďuračková
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
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198
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van Agtmaal MJM, Houben AJHM, Pouwer F, Stehouwer CDA, Schram MT. Association of Microvascular Dysfunction With Late-Life Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:729-739. [PMID: 28564681 PMCID: PMC5710252 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance The etiologic factors of late-life depression are still poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that microvascular dysfunction is associated with depression, which may have implications for prevention and treatment. However, this association has not been systematically reviewed. Objective To examine the associations of peripheral and cerebral microvascular dysfunction with late-life depression. Data Sources A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE for and longitudinal studies published since inception to October 16, 2016, that assessed the associations between microvascular dysfunction and depression. Study Selection Three independent researchers performed the study selection based on consensus. Inclusion criteria were a study population 40 years of age or older, a validated method of detecting depression, and validated measures of microvascular function. Data Extraction and Synthesis This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016049158) and is reported in accordance with the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Data extraction was performed by an independent researcher. Main Outcomes and Measures The following 5 estimates of microvascular dysfunction were considered in participants with or without depression: plasma markers of endothelial function, albuminuria, measurements of skin and muscle microcirculation, retinal arteriolar and venular diameter, and markers for cerebral small vessel disease. Data are reported as pooled odds ratios (ORs) by use of the generic inverse variance method with the use of random-effects models. Results A total of 712 studies were identified; 48 were included in the meta-analysis, of which 8 described longitudinal data. Data from 43 600 participants, 9203 individuals with depression, and 72 441 person-years (mean follow-up, 3.7 years) were available. Higher levels of plasma endothelial biomarkers (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1: OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.28-1.96), white matter hyperintensities (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19-1.39), cerebral microbleeds (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03-1.34), and cerebral (micro)infarctions (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.21-1.39) were associated with depression. Among the studies available, no significant associations of albuminuria and retinal vessel diameters with depression were reported. Longitudinal data showed a significant association of white matter hyperintensities with incident depression (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-1.30). Conclusions and Relevance This meta-analysis shows that both the peripheral and cerebral forms of microvascular dysfunction are associated with higher odds of (incident) late-life depression. This finding may have clinical implications because microvascular dysfunction might provide a potential target for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnix J. M. van Agtmaal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons J. H. M. Houben
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Pouwer
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Coen D. A. Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda T. Schram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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199
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Liu CS, Adibfar A, Herrmann N, Gallagher D, Lanctôt KL. Evidence for Inflammation-Associated Depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2017; 31:3-30. [PMID: 27221622 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This chapter explores the evidence supporting inflammation-associated depression. Data to date suggest a bidirectional relationship between inflammation and depression wherein one process can drive the other. A wealth of animal and clinical studies have demonstrated an association between concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines - specifically interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α - and depressive symptoms. There is also evidence that this pro-inflammatory state is accompanied by aberrant inflammation-related processes including platelet activation factor hyperactivity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and damage to mitochondria. These complex and interrelated mechanisms can collectively contribute to negative neurobiological outcomes that may, in part, underlie the etiopathology of depression. Mounting evidence has shown a concomitant reduction in both depressive symptoms and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations following treatment with pharmacological anti-inflammatory interventions. Taken together, the reviewed preclinical and clinical findings may suggest the existence of a distinct inflammatory subtype of depression in which these patients exhibit unique biochemical and clinical features and may potentially experience improved clinical outcomes with inflammation-targeted pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina S Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Adibfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave., Room FG 08, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4N 3M5.
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Dietary pattern derived by reduced rank regression and depressive symptoms in a multi-ethnic population: the HELIUS study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:987-994. [PMID: 28466848 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression (RRR) with depressive symptoms in a multi-ethnic population. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cross-sectional data from the HELIUS study were used. In total, 4967 men and women (18-70 years) of Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Turkish and Moroccan origin living in the Netherlands were included. Diet was measured using ethnic-specific food frequency questionnaires. Depressive symptoms were measured with the nine-item patient health questionnaire. RESULTS By performing RRR in the whole population and per ethnic group, comparable dietary patterns were identified and therefore the dietary pattern for the whole population was used for subsequent analyses. We identified a dietary pattern that was strongly related to eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid, folate, magnesium and zinc (response variables) and which was characterized by milk products, cheese, whole grains, vegetables, legumes, nuts, potatoes and red meat. After adjustment for confounders, a statistically significant inverse association was observed in the whole population (B: -0.03, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.00, P=0.046) and among Moroccan (B: -0.09, 95% CI: -0.13, -0.04, P=0.027) and South-Asian Surinamese participants (B: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.09, -0.01, P=<0.001), whereas no statistically significant association was found in the remaining ethnic groups. No statistically significant associations were found between the dietary pattern and significant depressed mood in any of the ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS No consistent evidence was found that consumption of a dietary pattern, high in nutrients that are hypothesized to protect against depression, was associated with lower depressive symptoms across different ethnic groups.
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