201
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Love G, Helgason AR, Kristjansson AL. A single-item measure of childhood relationship quality and association with adult health and health behaviours. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:233-240. [PMID: 34148442 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211022431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adverse childhood experiences are known to relate positively to various health risks and adverse health behaviour in adult life, although the precise mechanisms are still debated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a single-item measure of the quality of childhood relationships with family and household members might show a similar association. METHODS We measured the overall quality of relationships with family and household members during the first 18 years of life. A one-dimensional question scored 0-10 (N=4983) was included in the ongoing SIBS Iceland Patient Association's national 'Life and Health' public health prevention project among adults. Relationship quality was then assessed against measures of health and health behaviour using 21 validated scales. RESULTS A lower childhood relationships score was associated with a higher risk of all 21 suboptimal health and health behaviour outcomes in adulthood, with adjusted effect sizes measured by standardised betas (magnitude 0.111-0.284), variance explained (1.3-8.5%) and per-point adjusted odds ratios (1.10-1.30). The strongest associations were found with measures of social and mental health, followed by physical health, alcohol and tobacco use, sleeping problems, financial sustenance, physical pain and aerobic fitness. CONCLUSIONS
Odds were found to match well with pooled odds ratios presented in a systematic review of 37 adverse childhood experiences studies. This may indicate that a one-dimensional relationships question is a useful substitute in surveys in which a traditional multi-question adverse childhood experiences scale cannot be accommodated. Further investigations are recommended to investigate the applicability of a single adverse childhood experiences question.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asgeir R Helgason
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Iceland.,Head Office, Icelandic Cancer Society, Iceland
| | - Alfgeir L Kristjansson
- School of Public Health, West Virginia University, USA.,Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, Iceland
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202
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Andersson MA, Wilkinson LR, Schafer MH. The Long Arm of Childhood: Does It Vary According to Health Care System Quality? JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:79-97. [PMID: 36062757 DOI: 10.1177/00221465221120099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the salience of early life experiences in shaping health inequalities, but scant research has considered the role of institutional resources as buffers in this relationship. Health care systems in particular are an understudied yet important context for the generation of inequalities from childhood into adulthood. This research investigates associations between childhood disadvantage and adult morbidity and examines the role of health care system quality in this relationship. We also consider the role of adult socioeconomic status. We merge individual-level data on major disease (2014 European Social Survey) with nation-level health care indicators. Results across subjective and objective approaches to health care system quality are similar, indicating a reduced association between childhood socioeconomic status and adult disease in countries with higher quality health care. In total, our results reiterate the long-term influence of childhood disadvantage on health while suggesting health care's specific role as an institutional resource for ameliorating life course health inequalities.
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203
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Luo J, van Grieken A, Zhou S, Fang Y, Raat H. Stressful life events, psychosocial health and general health in preschool children before age 4. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:243-250. [PMID: 36385369 PMCID: PMC9974714 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of stressful life events (SLEs) in early childhood is often ignored. We aimed to examine longitudinal associations between SLEs and psychosocial and general health in preschool children. METHODS Twelve SLEs occurring before the age of 24 months were assessed and categorized by frequency (no events, 1-2 SLEs, and > 2 SLEs) and overall tension (no events, low, and high) (n = 1431). Psychosocial and general health were measured three times at the age of 24, 36 and 45 months. The associations were examined by logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations to handle repeated measurements. RESULTS Half (48.4%) of the families experienced SLEs, and 23.8% perceived high-tension SLEs before the children were aged 24 months. Gender differences were observed in the association between SLEs and psychosocial health. Compared to girls without SLEs, girls who experienced > 2 SLEs [OR = 3.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.05-5.35] or high-tension SLEs (OR = 3.01, 95% CI 2.07-4.39) had higher odds of psychosocial problems from 24 to 45 months. The odds ratios in boys were 2.10 (95% CI 1.36-3.24) and 1.47 (95% CI 1.06-2.03), respectively. Moreover, only girls' risk of psychosocial problems increased after experiencing 1-2 SLEs (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.54-3.00) or low-tension SLEs (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.31-2.74). Regarding general health, children who experienced > 2 SLEs (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.21-3.18) and high-tension SLEs (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.12-2.28) had higher odds of poor general health from 24 to 45 months. CONCLUSIONS The findings emphasized that young children's psychosocial and general health can be impacted by experiencing SLEs in early childhood. Attention and adequate support for families experiencing SLEs are needed to minimize the potential negative effect of SLEs on child health, particularly in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amy van Grieken
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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204
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Amarasena L, Samir N, Sealy L, Hu N, Rostami MR, Isaacs D, Gunasekera H, Young H, Agrawal R, Levitt D, Francis JR, Coleman J, Mares S, Larcombe P, Cherian S, Raman S, Lingam R, Zwi K. Offshore detention: cross-sectional analysis of the health of children and young people seeking asylum in Australia. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:185-191. [PMID: 36549868 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the health and well-being of children and young people (CYP) seeking asylum subjected to Australia's immigration policy of indefinite mandatory detention on Nauru. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of a cohort of CYP seeking asylum. SETTING Australian paediatric clinicians from 10 health services completed detailed health assessments around the time of transfer from Nauru, mostly to Australia. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-two CYP who were ≤18 years on entry into offshore immigration detention on Nauru between 2013 and 2019. Mean age at health assessment was 9 years. MAIN MEASURES Health outcomes were categorised as physical, mental or neurodevelopmental concerns/conditions. Risk and protective factor data were collected using the adverse childhood experiences and refugee-specific adverse childhood experiences tools. RESULTS Over half of the CYP (n=32, 52%) were held on Nauru for ≥4 years. The vast majority of CYP had physical health (n=55, 89%) and mental health (n=49, 79%) concerns including self-harm or suicidal ideation/attempt (n=28, 45%). Mental health concerns were more likely in CYP who were school-aged (p=0.001), had been held on Nauru for ≥1 year (p=0.01); originated from the Eastern Mediterranean region (p<0.05); witnessed trauma (p<0.05) or had exposure to ≥4 refugee-specific adverse childhood experiences (p<0.05). Neurodevelopmental concerns were seen in eight children (13%). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the almost universal physical and mental health difficulties in a sample of CYP who experienced forced migration and were subjected to Australia's offshore immigration detention policy. Immigration detention in recipient countries, a known adverse childhood experience, may contribute to or exacerbate harmful outcomes in CYP seeking asylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru Amarasena
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick - Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nora Samir
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise Sealy
- Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick - Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nan Hu
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Rostami
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Isaacs
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hasantha Gunasekera
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen Young
- Paediatrics, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rishi Agrawal
- Paediatric Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Levitt
- Mater Refugee Complex Care Clinic, Mater Misericordiae Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Paediatrics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua R Francis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research - Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jacinta Coleman
- Adolescent Medicine, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Mares
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Penny Larcombe
- Paediatrics, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Cherian
- Refugee Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shanti Raman
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Community Paediatrics, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Raghu Lingam
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick - Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Zwi
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales - Randwick Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick - Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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205
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Warhaftig G, Almeida D, Turecki G. Early life adversity across different cell- types in the brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105113. [PMID: 36863603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA)- which includes physical, psychological, emotional, and sexual abuse is one of the most common predictors to diverse psychopathologies later in adulthood. As ELA has a lasting impact on the brain at a developmental stage, recent findings from the field highlighted the specific contributions of different cell types to ELA and their association with long lasting consequences. In this review we will gather recent findings describing morphological, transcriptional and epigenetic alterations within neurons, glia and perineuronal nets and their associated cellular subpopulation. The findings reviewed and summarized here highlight important mechanisms underlying ELA and point to therapeutic approaches for ELA and related psychopathologies later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Warhaftig
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Daniel Almeida
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
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206
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Seitz KI, Ueltzhöffer K, Rademacher L, Paulus FM, Schmitz M, Herpertz SC, Bertsch K. Your smile won't affect me: Association between childhood maternal antipathy and adult neural reward function in a transdiagnostic sample. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:70. [PMID: 36828811 PMCID: PMC9958053 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation in the ventral striatum (VS) during reward anticipation may be a key mechanism linking adverse childhood experiences (ACE) to transdiagnostic psychopathology. This study aimed to elucidate whether retrospectively reported ACE, specifically maternal antipathy, relate to monetary and social reward anticipation in a transdiagnostic adult sample. A cross-sectional neuroimaging study was conducted in 118 participants with varying levels of ACE, including 25 participants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 32 with major depressive disorder (MDD), 29 with somatic symptom disorder (SSD), and 32 healthy volunteers (HVs). Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary and social incentive delay task, and completed a self-report measure of ACE, including maternal antipathy. Neural correlates of monetary and social reward anticipation and their association with ACE, particularly maternal antipathy, were analyzed. Participants showed elevated activation in brain regions underlying reward processing, including the VS, only while anticipating social, but not monetary rewards. Participants reporting higher levels of maternal antipathy exhibited reduced activation in the brain reward network, including the VS, only during social, but not monetary reward anticipation. Group affiliation moderated the association between maternal antipathy and VS activation to social reward anticipation, with significant associations found in participants with PTSD and HVs, but not in those with MDD and SSD. Results were not associated with general psychopathology or psychotropic medication use. Childhood maternal antipathy may confer risk for aberrant social reward anticipation in adulthood, and may thus be considered in interventions targeting reward expectations from social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja I. Seitz
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Ueltzhöffer
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Rademacher
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frieder M. Paulus
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marius Schmitz
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine C. Herpertz
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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207
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Wang X, Fu K. Long-term effects of early adversity on the mental health of college students: The mitigating effect of physical exercise. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1102508. [PMID: 36874870 PMCID: PMC9975709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aim to investigate the long-term effects of early adversity on university students' mental health and the mitigating role of physical exercise on this effect. Methods The survey sample consisted of 895 college students. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and moderating effect analysis were used to analyze the results. Results (1) Early adversity negatively predict mental health level (β = -0.109, t = -4.981, p < 0.01); (2) Physical exercise can effectively mitigate the long-term harm of early adversity to mental health (β = 0.039, t = 2.001, p < 0.05); compared to low-level physical exercise (b simple = -0. 067, t = -7.88, p < 0.01), high-level physical exercise can mitigate the long-term harm of early adversity to mental health (b simple = -0, 025, t = -2. 37, p < 0.01). Conclusion Early adversity affects the mental health of university students, but physical exercise can effectively mitigate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Wang
- School of Teacher Education, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaixian Fu
- Development Planning Division, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, China
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208
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Schmitz M, Back SN, Seitz KI, Harbrecht NK, Streckert L, Schulz A, Herpertz SC, Bertsch K. The impact of traumatic childhood experiences on interoception: disregarding one's own body. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023; 10:5. [PMID: 36788573 PMCID: PMC9930318 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-023-00212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient interoception, the processing and perception of internal bodily signals, has been discussed as a mechanism underlying various mental disorders. First results indicate a mediating role of interoception in the interplay of traumatic childhood experiences and adult mental disorders. Traumatic childhood experiences may hinder the adequate processing, integration, and trust in bodily signals that are important in order to understand and regulate own needs and emotions, thereby increasing the vulnerability for mental disorders. However, an overarching study investigating alterations in different interoceptive measures and trauma-related disorders as well as their mediating role between early trauma and emotion dysregulation is still missing. METHODS One hundred thirty-six individuals with varying levels of traumatic childhood experiences who either had a current diagnosis of major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, or somatic symptom disorder, or no mental disorder, took part in a multidimensional assessment of interoceptive processes, including interoceptive accuracy, sensibility, and awareness. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare groups regarding interoceptive processes and associations with traumatic childhood experiences and emotion dysregulation were analyzed with Spearman correlations. Furthermore, mediation analyses were computed to examine and compare interoceptive processes as potential mediators between traumatic childhood experiences and emotion dysregulation. RESULTS Only body dissociation, a measure for interoceptive sensibility, was significantly reduced in individuals with a current mental disorder. Body dissociation was also the only interoceptive measure significantly associated with traumatic childhood experiences and emotion dysregulation and the only significant mediator in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and emotion dysregulation across groups. CONCLUSION Results suggest body dissociation, but not other interoceptive measures, as an important feature linking traumatic childhood experiences to current emotion dysregulation, an important transdiagnostic feature. As body dissociation refers to a habitual non-attendance or disregard of interoceptive signals, integrative therapeutic interventions could help affected individuals to overcome difficulties in emotion perception and regulation. TRIAL REGISTRATION The general study design was preregistered; see the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00015182). This study's analysis plan was not preregistered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schmitz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah N Back
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja I Seitz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nele K Harbrecht
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Streckert
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - André Schulz
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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209
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Dimitriadis MM, Jeuring HW, Marijnissen RM, Wieringa TH, Hoogendijk EO, Oude Voshaar RC. Adverse Childhood Experiences and frailty in later life: a prospective population-based cohort study. Age Ageing 2023; 52:7036282. [PMID: 36794713 PMCID: PMC9933059 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deficit accumulation method considers the ageing process underlying frailty as a random accumulation of health deficits. OBJECTIVE Although Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) have consistently been associated with the onset of mental disorders and somatic diseases during adolescence and midlife, it remains unknown whether ACE still exert detrimental health effects in late life. Therefore, we examined cross-sectionally and prospectively the association between ACE and frailty among community-dwelling older people. DESIGN Based on the health-deficit accumulation method, a Frailty Index was calculated with values ≥0.25 considered as frail. ACE were measured by a validated questionnaire. The cross-sectional association was examined by logistic regression among 2,176 community dwelling participants aged 58-89 years. The prospective association was examined by Cox-regression among 1,427 non-frail participants during a 17-year follow-up. Interactions with age and sex were tested and analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. SETTING The present study was embedded in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. RESULTS ACE and frailty were positively associated at baseline (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.46-2.42; P = 0.05). Among non-frail participants at baseline (n = 1,427), ACE interacted with age on the prediction of frailty. Stratified analyses showed that a history of ACE only resulted in a higher hazard rate for the incidence of frailty among those aged ≥70 years (HR = 1.28; P = 0.044). CONCLUSION Even in the oldest-old, ACE still lead to an accelerated rate of the accumulation of health deficits and therefore contribute to the onset of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menelaos M Dimitriadis
- Address correspondence to: Menelaos Marios Dimitriadis, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 EZ Groningen, the Netherlands. Tel: +31 050 361 29 83.
| | - Hans W Jeuring
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Radboud M Marijnissen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Wieringa
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands,Medical Decision Making, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel O Hoogendijk
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC—VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard C Oude Voshaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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210
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Lea AJ, Clark AG, Dahl AW, Devinsky O, Garcia AR, Golden CD, Kamau J, Kraft TS, Lim YAL, Martins D, Mogoi D, Pajukanta P, Perry G, Pontzer H, Trumble BC, Urlacher SS, Venkataraman VV, Wallace IJ, Gurven M, Lieberman D, Ayroles JF. Evolutionary mismatch and the role of GxE interactions in human disease. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2301.05255v2. [PMID: 36713247 PMCID: PMC9882586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Globally, we are witnessing the rise of complex, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) related to changes in our daily environments. Obesity, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes are part of a long list of "lifestyle" diseases that were rare throughout human history but are now common. A key idea from anthropology and evolutionary biology-the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis-seeks to explain this phenomenon. It posits that humans evolved in environments that radically differ from the ones experienced by most people today, and thus traits that were advantageous in past environments may now be "mismatched" and disease-causing. This hypothesis is, at its core, a genetic one: it predicts that loci with a history of selection will exhibit "genotype by environment" (GxE) interactions and have differential health effects in ancestral versus modern environments. Here, we discuss how this concept could be leveraged to uncover the genetic architecture of NCDs in a principled way. Specifically, we advocate for partnering with small-scale, subsistence-level groups that are currently transitioning from environments that are arguably more "matched" with their recent evolutionary history to those that are more "mismatched". These populations provide diverse genetic backgrounds as well as the needed levels and types of environmental variation necessary for mapping GxE interactions in an explicit mismatch framework. Such work would make important contributions to our understanding of environmental and genetic risk factors for NCDs across diverse ancestries and sociocultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Lea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Clark
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew W. Dahl
- Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | | | - Joseph Kamau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thomas S. Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Yvonne A. L. Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dino Martins
- Turkana Basin Research Institute, Turkana, Kenya
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Donald Mogoi
- Director at County Government of Laikipia, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Paivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, US
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | - Samuel S. Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ian J. Wallace
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California: Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julien F. Ayroles
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Raj A, Chatterji S, Johns NE, Yore J, Dey AK, Williams DR. The associations of everyday and major discrimination exposure with violence and poor mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med 2023; 318:115620. [PMID: 36587480 PMCID: PMC9750505 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Research on discrimination and risks for violence and mental health issues under the pandemic is notably absent. We examined the relative effects of perceived everyday discrimination (e.g., poorer service, disrespectful treatment in a typical week) and major experiences of race-based discrimination (e.g., racial/ethnic discrimination in housing or employment at any point in the lifetime) on experiences of violence and the PHQ-4 assessment of symptoms of depression and anxiety under the pandemic. We analyzed state-representative cross-sectional survey data from California adults (N = 2114) collected in March 2021. We conducted multivariate regression models adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender, sexual identity, income, and disability. One in four Californians (26.1%) experienced everyday discrimination in public spaces, due most often to race/ethnicity and gender. We found that everyday discrimination was significantly associated with past year physical violence (single form Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 5.0, 95% CI 2.5-10.3; multiple forms AOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-5.8), past year sexual violence (multiple forms AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.4), and mental health symptoms (e.g., severe symptoms, multiple forms AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.6-6.7). Major experiences of race-based discrimination (reported by 10.0% of Californians) were associated with past year sexual violence (AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.8) and severe mental health symptoms (AOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.2). Non-race-based major discrimination (reported by 23.9% of Californians) was also associated with violence and mental health outcomes Everyday discrimination, more than major experiences of discrimination, was associated with higher risk for violence and poor mental health outcomes during the pandemic. Non-race-based forms of major discrimination independently were also associated with these negative outcomes. Findings indicate that efforts to reduce and ultimately eliminate discrimination should be a focus of public health and COVID-19 rebuilding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Raj
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Chrystal Macmillan Building, 15a George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LD United Kingdom.
| | - Sangeeta Chatterji
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole E Johns
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer Yore
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Arnab K Dey
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David R Williams
- Department of Education Studies, University of California, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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Gum AM, Goldsworthy M, Guerra L, Salloum A, Grau M, Gottstein S, Horvath C, Fields A, Crowder J, Holley R, Ruth LJ, Hanna K. Trauma-informed patient and public-engaged research: Development and evaluation of an online training programme. Health Expect 2023; 26:388-398. [PMID: 36345789 PMCID: PMC9854293 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As patients, members of the public, and professional stakeholders engage in co-producing health-related research, an important issue to consider is trauma. Trauma is very common and associated with a wide range of physical and behavioural health conditions. Thus, it may benefit research partnerships to consider its impact on their stakeholders as well as its relevance to the health condition under study. The aims of this article are to describe the development and evaluation of a training programme that applied principles of trauma-informed care (TIC) to patient- and public-engaged research. METHODS A research partnership focused on addressing trauma in primary care patients ('myPATH') explicitly incorporated TIC into its formation, governance document and collaborative processes, and developed and evaluated a free 3-credit continuing education online training. The training was presented by 11 partners (5 professionals, 6 patients) and included academic content and lived experiences. RESULTS Training participants (N = 46) positively rated achievement of learning objectives and speakers' performance (ranging from 4.39 to 4.74 on a 5-point scale). The most salient themes from open-ended comments were that training was informative (n = 12) and that lived experiences shared by patient partners were impactful (n = 10). Suggestions were primarily technical or logistical. CONCLUSION This preliminary evaluation indicates that it is possible to incorporate TIC principles into a research partnership's collaborative processes and training about these topics is well-received. Learning about trauma and TIC may benefit research partnerships that involve patients and public stakeholders studying a wide range of health conditions, potentially improving how stakeholders engage in co-producing research as well as producing research that addresses how trauma relates to their health condition under study. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The myPATH Partnership includes 22 individuals with professional and lived experiences related to trauma (https://www.usf.edu/cbcs/mhlp/centers/mypath/); nine partners were engaged due to personal experiences with trauma; other partners are community-based providers and researchers. All partners contributed ideas that led to trauma-informed research strategies and training. Eleven partners (5 professionals, 6 patients) presented the training, and 12 partners (8 professionals, 4 patients) contributed to this article and chose to be named as authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Gum
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Mental Health Law & PolicyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Mary Goldsworthy
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Mental Health Law & PolicyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Lucy Guerra
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Alison Salloum
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- School of Social WorkUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Meredith Grau
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Crisis Center of Tampa BayTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Sheri Gottstein
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Carol Horvath
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Annanora Fields
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Johnny Crowder
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Robb Holley
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Mental Health Law & PolicyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Leigh J. Ruth
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurosciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Karim Hanna
- myPATH PartnershipUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Family MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
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Psychosocial factors associated with anxious depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 322:39-45. [PMID: 36375541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxious depression is a common subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD) associated with adverse outcomes and severely impaired social function. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between child maltreatment, family functioning, social support, interpersonal problems, dysfunctional attitudes, and anxious depression. METHODS Data were collected from 809 MDD patients. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17), Family Assessment Device (FAD), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Interpersonal Relationship Integrative Diagnostic Scale (IRIDS), and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) were administered and recorded. Anxious depression was defined as an anxiety/somatization factor score ≥ 7 on the HAMD-17. Chi-squared tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, distance correlations, and structural equation models were used for data analysis. RESULTS Two-fifths of MDD patients had comorbid anxiety, and there were significant differences in child maltreatment, family functioning, social support, interpersonal problems, and dysfunctional attitudes between groups. Of these factors, interpersonal relationships were most related to anxiety in MDD patients, and dysfunctional attitudes mediated the relationship between interpersonal relationships and anxiety in MDD patients. LIMITATIONS This study used cross-sectional data with no further follow-up to assess patient outcomes. This study did not include information about pharmacological treatments. A larger sample size is needed to validate the results. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial factors were significantly associated with anxious depression. Interpersonal relationships and dysfunctional attitudes have a direct effect on anxious depression, and interpersonal relationships also mediate the effects of anxious depression via dysfunctional attitudes.
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214
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Zhang L, Mersky JP, Lee CP. Intergenerational Pathways Linking Mothers' Adverse Childhood Experiences and Children's Social-Emotional Problems. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:107-118. [PMID: 35068215 DOI: 10.1177/10775595211067212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the persistent hypothesis that adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have intergenerational implications, empirical research documenting the effects and the mechanisms of transmission remains underdeveloped. This study examined the intergenerational effects of mothers' adverse childhood experiences on their offspring's social-emotional development and whether the association was mediated by mothers' mental health, adult adversity, and perceptions of paternal involvement. The study sample included 831 mothers (19-49 years old, 47.5% White) with children aged 12-48 months who participated in a longitudinal investigation of low-income families in Wisconsin. ACEs were assessed by home visitors, and two waves of survey data were collected by researchers to assess demographics, mediators, and social-emotional outcomes. A path analysis showed that the association between maternal ACEs and children's social-emotional problems was fully mediated, with postpartum mental health acting as a primary mechanism. Implications for intervention and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Department of Social Work, 2313University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, USA
| | - Joshua P Mersky
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, 14751University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chienti P Lee
- The Institute for Child and Family Well-Being, 14751University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Salmon S, Taillieu TL, Stewart-Tufescu A, MacMillan HL, Tonmyr L, Gonzalez A, Afifi TO. Stressors and symptoms associated with a history of adverse childhood experiences among older adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba, Canada. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2023; 43:27-39. [PMID: 36223143 PMCID: PMC9894295 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.43.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had major economic, social and psychological consequences for adolescents and young adults. It is unclear whether those with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were particularly vulnerable. We examined whether a history of ACEs was associated with financial difficulties, lack of emotional support, feeling stressed/anxious, feeling down/depressed, increased alcohol and/or cannabis use and increased conflict with parents, siblings and/or intimate partners among 16- to 21-year-olds during the pandemic. METHODS Data were collected in November and December 2020 from respondents aged 16 to 21 years (n = 664) participating in the longitudinal and intergenerational Well-being and Experiences Study (Wave 3) conducted in Manitoba, Canada. Age-stratified associations between ACEs and pandemic-related stressors/symptoms were examined with binary and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS A history of ACEs was associated with pandemic-related financial difficulties (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] range: 2.44-7.55); lack of emotional support (aRRR range: 2.13-26.77); higher levels of feeling stressed/anxious and down/depressed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] range: 1.78-5.05); increased alcohol and cannabis use (aOR range: 1.99-8.02); and increased relationship conflict (aOR range: 1.98-22.59). Fewer associations emerged for older adolescents and these were not to the same degree as for young adults. CONCLUSION Adolescents and young adults with a history of ACEs reported increased odds of pandemic-related stressors and symptoms, and may need more resources and greater support compared to peers without an ACE history. Differences in results for adolescents and young adults suggest that interventions should be tailored to the needs of each age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Salmon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tamara L Taillieu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Bullinger LR, Klika B, Feely M, Ford D, Merrick M, Raissian K, Rostad W, Schneider W. Paid Family Leave: An Upstream Intervention to Prevent Family Violence. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2023; 39:1-11. [PMID: 36685754 PMCID: PMC9843119 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-022-00486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Family violence imposes tremendous costs on victims and society. Rarely are policies focused on the primary prevention of family violence. Given the prevalence of family violence-including child maltreatment and intimate partner violence (IPV)-during the perinatal period, policies targeting this vulnerable time period may be successful in primary prevention. Paid family leave (PFL) programs provide income-replacement during particularly stressful family events, such as the birth of a child. Method In this commentary, we describe the conceptual links between PFL, child maltreatment, and IPV, suggesting that PFL may be a promising strategy for the primary prevention of child maltreatment and IPV. Results There is emerging evidence that policies targeting the early years of life may reduce child maltreatment and IPV. Conclusion Addressing the concrete and economic challenges faced by caregivers is one promising strategy for the prevention of family violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Klika
- Prevent Child Abuse America, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Derek Ford
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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Huang Z, Zhang Y, Ma X, Feng Y, Zong X, Jordan JD, Zhang Q. Photobiomodulation attenuates oligodendrocyte dysfunction and prevents adverse neurological consequences in a rat model of early life adversity. Theranostics 2023; 13:913-930. [PMID: 36793860 PMCID: PMC9925323 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Adverse experiences in early life including abuse, trauma and neglect, have been linked to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Emerging evidence implies that those who experienced early life adversity (ELA) are more likely to develop cognitive dysfunction and depressive-like symptoms in adulthood. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the negative consequences of ELA, however, remain unclear. In the absence of effective management options, anticipatory guidance is the mainstay of ELA prevention. Furthermore, there is no available treatment that prevents or alleviates the neurologic sequelae of ELA, especially traumatic stress. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the mechanisms for these associations and evaluate whether photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive therapeutic procedure, can prevent the negative cognitive and behavioral manifestations of ELA in later life. Methods: ELA was induced by repeated inescapable electric foot shock of rats from postnatal day 21 to 26. On the day immediately following the last foot shock, 2-min daily PBM treatment was applied transcranially for 7 consecutive days. Cognitive dysfunction and depression-like behaviors were measured by a battery of behavioral tests in adulthood. Subsequently, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) differentiation, the proliferation and apoptosis of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLs), mature oligodendrocyte, myelinating oligodendrocyte, the level of oxidative damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity were measured and analyzed using immunofluorescence staining, capillary-based immunoassay (ProteinSimple®) and antioxidant assay kit. Results: The rats exposed to ELA exhibited obvious oligodendrocyte dysfunction, including a reduction in OPCs differentiation, diminished generation and survival of OLs, decreased OLs, and decreased matured oligodendrocyte. Furthermore, a deficit in myelinating oligodendrocytes was observed, in conjunction with an imbalance in redox homeostasis and accumulated oxidative damage. These alternations were concomitant with cognitive dysfunction and depression-like behaviors. Importantly, we found that early PBM treatment largely prevented these pathologies and reversed the neurologic sequelae resulting from ELA. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which ELA affects neurological outcomes. Moreover, our findings support that PBM may be a promising strategy to prevent ELA-induced neurologic sequelae that develops later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
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Ahat TK, Gençer TY, Baysal ŞG, Baz HM, Durak U, Canaloğlu SK, Büyükavcı MA, Doğan DG, Gumus Dogan D. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patient Admissions to the Developmental Pediatrics Unit: An Outpatient Clinic in Eastern Turkey. Turk Arch Pediatr 2023; 58:62-67. [PMID: 36598213 PMCID: PMC9885809 DOI: 10.5152/turkarchpediatr.2022.22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the number and diagnosis of patients admitted to the Developmental Pediatrics Unit. Materilas and Methods: We compared the number and the diagnosis of patients admitted to the Developmental Pediatrics Unit by using International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th revision (ICD-10) codes of our institution's electronic health data before and after 18 months from March 16 2020, when coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was declared in Turkey. Statistical analyses were performed by using International Business Machines Statistical Package for Social Sciences for windows version 22.0 (Armonk, NY) program. RESULTS We found that the number of patients admitted to the Developmental Pediatrics Unit decreased during the pandemic period (pre-coronavirus disease 2019 n = 1107, during coronavirus disease 2019 n = 761). There was no significant difference between the ratio of the most common diagnosis (prematurity) before and during the pandemic period (32% and 30.6% respectively). It was observed that the ratio of children with speech delay (17.4%-23%, P = .003) increased during the pandemic, while there was a significant decrease in the ratio of admissions with Down syndrome (11.6%-6.6%, P < .001). CONCLUSION We found that the number of admissions to the Developmental Pediatrics Unit with developmental difficulties decreased significantly during the pandemic. The ratio of admissions of speech delay increased during the same period, while admissions with Down syndrome decreased. This increase may be due to lockdown, increase in electronic screen exposure, and lack of stimuli and the decrease may be due to the risk of severe illness from coronavirus disease 2019. The decrease in admissions of patients who require developmental follow-up reveals the need for additional efforts such as implementing tele-health to our daily practice.
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Olstad K, Sørensen T, Lien L, Danbolt LJ. Adolescents with developmental traumas in therapy in a child and adolescent mental health service, outpatient unit: experiences of daily living and expectations for therapy - a qualitative study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:946394. [PMID: 37213362 PMCID: PMC10196012 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.946394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Developmental trauma has a profound effect on people's lives. There are few studies of the perceived difficulties and treatment needs of adolescents with developmental trauma. More studies are called for to explore the perspectives and experiences of these patients, especially adolescents. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight adolescents with developmental trauma aged 14-18 years in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Outpatient Unit. The interviews were analyzed using systematic text condensation. Results A main finding in this study regards the participants' understanding of why they needed therapy: symptom alleviation and coping tools. They expressed a need for talking with a safe and reliable adult who understood their situation. Their stories of daily functioning and bodily sensations align mainly with symptoms described for adolescents with developmental trauma. The study also shows that the participants' experiences of trauma affected their lives to a greater or lesser extent, in the form of ambivalence, avoidance, regulation, and coping strategies. They also described various physical problems, especially insomnia and inner restlessness. Their subjective stories revealed insights into their experiences. Conclusion Based on the results, we recommend that adolescents with developmental trauma be allowed to express their understandings of their difficulties and their treatment expectations at an early stage of their therapy. An emphasis on patient involvement and the therapeutic relationship can increase their autonomy and control over their own lives and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjerst Olstad
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health Science, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Kjersti Olstad,
| | - Torgeir Sørensen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Hamar, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Johan Danbolt
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health Science, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
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Cull J, Thomson G, Downe S, Fine M, Topalidou A. Views from women and maternity care professionals on routine discussion of previous trauma in the perinatal period: A qualitative evidence synthesis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284119. [PMID: 37195971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over a third of pregnant women (around 250,000) each year in the United Kingdom have experienced trauma such as domestic abuse, childhood trauma or sexual assault. These experiences can have a long-term impact on women's mental and physical health. This global qualitative evidence synthesis explores the views of women and maternity care professionals on routine discussion of previous trauma in the perinatal period. METHODS Systematic database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, APA PsycINFO and Global Index Medicus) were conducted in July 2021 and updated in April 2022. The quality of each study was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. We thematically synthesised the data and assessed confidence in findings using GRADE-CERQual. RESULTS We included 25 papers, from five countries, published between 2001 and 2022. All the studies were conducted in high-income countries; therefore findings cannot be applied to low- or middle-income countries. Confidence in most of the review findings was moderate or high. The findings are presented in six themes. These themes described how women and clinicians felt trauma discussions were valuable and worthwhile, provided there was adequate time and appropriate referral pathways. However, women often found being asked about previous trauma to be unexpected and intrusive, and women with limited English faced additional challenges. Many pregnant women were unaware of the extent of the trauma they have suffered, or its impact on their lives. Before disclosing trauma, women needed to have a trusting relationship with a clinician; even so, some women chose not to share their histories. Hearing trauma disclosures could be distressing for clinicians. CONCLUSION Discussions of previous trauma should be undertaken when women want to have the discussion, when there is time to understand and respond to the needs and concerns of each individual, and when there are effective resources available for follow up if needed. Continuity of carer should be considered a key feature of routine trauma discussion, as many women will not disclose their histories to a stranger. All women should be provided with information about the impact of trauma and how to independently access support in the event of non-disclosures. Care providers need support to carry out these discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Cull
- School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England
| | - Gill Thomson
- School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England
| | - Soo Downe
- School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England
| | - Michelle Fine
- Public Science Project, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Topalidou
- School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England
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Kim H, Gundersen C, Windsor L. Community Food Insecurity Predicts Child Maltreatment Report Rates across Illinois Zip Codes, 2011-2018. Ann Epidemiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Mumford EA, Copp J, MacLean K. Childhood Adversity, Emotional Well-Being, Loneliness, and Optimism: a National Study. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2023; 4:137-149. [PMID: 36466586 PMCID: PMC9684794 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimism and loneliness, which reflect the expected inverse associations with excess morbidity and mortality, are theoretically and empirically associated with early adversities and offer potential avenues for clinical support. The current study first estimates latent classes of adverse childhood experiences and, second, assesses the role of these experiences on later reports of optimism and loneliness in late adolescence and emerging adulthood, and the role of emotional regulation and common mental disorders. Surveys were conducted in a longitudinal household sample of adolescents recruited in 2013 (average age of 20 at wave 6 follow-ups). The analytic sample included 1177 female and male respondents representative of their age group in the USA at baseline. Latent classes were estimated based on 10 indicators of childhood adversity. Respondents were assigned to classes using posterior probabilities of latent class membership, and class membership was used to predict psychological outcomes in multivariable models. Three latent classes of childhood adversity were identified in the current sample, representing low childhood adversity (81.5%), higher probability of family dysfunction with lower levels of interpersonal abuse (13.4%), and high adversity including higher probabilities of parental discord and violence as well as child abuse (5.1%). Both classes of respondents who faced greater childhood adversity were more likely to report greater loneliness and lower optimism in emerging adulthood. Results were attenuated by measures of emotional well-being. Addressing adolescent loneliness and supporting optimistic outlooks in emerging adulthood are two pathways with potential benefits to reduce mental and physical morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Mumford
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Jennifer Copp
- Florida State University, 314B Criminology & Criminal Justice Building, 112 S. Copeland Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1273 USA
| | - Kai MacLean
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
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Emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and problematic gaming. Addict Behav 2023; 136:107473. [PMID: 36099715 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Gaming disorder (i.e., gaming addiction) is a relatively common mental health disorder with a worldwide prevalence rate of 3.05%. In the present research, we examined whether emotion dysregulation mediates the relation between adverse childhood experiences and problematic gaming in two samples of current video game players. The first sample consisted of 1,262 students recruited from five universities across Canada. The second sample comprised 417 community adults residing in Canada. Both samples of participants completed an online survey which included measures of adverse childhood experiences, problematic gaming, and emotion dysregulation. A total of 45.64% (n = 576) in the university sample and 49.76% (n = 205) in the community sample met the threshold for problematic gaming. In the student sample, adverse childhood experiences were positively associated with problematic gaming. In contrast, there was no significant association between adverse childhood experiences and problematic gaming in the community sample. In both samples, adverse childhood experiences were positively associated with emotion dysregulation, and emotion dysregulation was positively associated with problematic gaming. Importantly for the present research, emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and problematic gaming in both the university and community sample. Although adverse childhood experiences are distal and static risk factors for problematic gaming, emotion dysregulation is a more proximal and modifiable risk factor. The results suggest that increasing adaptive emotion regulation skills may decrease the risk of problematic gaming among individuals who have experienced an adverse childhood experience.
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Rostad WL, Ports KA, Merrick M, Hughes L. The moment is now: Strengthening communities and families for the future of our nation. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2023; 144:106745. [PMID: 36466794 PMCID: PMC9704498 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has highlighted the historical lack of investment in the conditions that children need to thrive, and demonstrates how a crisis can exacerbate children's vulnerability to disease and violence. Exposure to early adversity already affects millions of children across the country and puts them at risk for poor outcomes. With the uncertainty of the pandemic, many more families are struggling and subsequently, more children are at risk for exposure to adversity. Preventing early adversity and promoting the prosperity of our nation requires assuring that all children, regardless of sociodemographic characteristics, have what they need to reach their full health and life potential. Now is the time to address the social and structural conditions that contribute to the inequitable distribution of risk for some families and which contribute to their unequal burden and impacts of adversity, COVID-19, racial injustice, and other health crises. While many look forward to "a return to normal," returning to normal would be a missed opportunity to learn from our mistakes and ensure a bright future for our nation. We must invest in children and families for the future health of Americans.
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225
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Edwards RT. Well-being and well-becoming through the life-course in public health economics research and policy: A new infographic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1035260. [PMID: 36620241 PMCID: PMC9816135 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The term "well-becoming" is not new, but is not routinely used in our everyday language or in research in public health economics. It has been applied in early years research. Well-becoming can be thought of as our multitude of life-journeys toward meaning and purposefulness. Objective To develop a new infographic in the spirit of the Dahlgren and Whitehead rainbow infographic of social determinants of health. The purpose being to redefine well-being as a process of growth through life, articulated as well-becoming. Methods A rapid review of life-course stage appropriate models of well-being was undertaken with stages of the life-course as defined as: preconception and birth; early years; adolescence; working, parenting and caring; older age, and death. Infographics in this area were identified and the information above was used to design a new infographic with the concept of well-being and well-becoming at its center. Results A new infographic reflecting an underlying concept of "the wheel of life" is presented. It shows movement through the life-course at its center, with concentric rings summarizing personal, local, and national and global factors that have an impact on well-being and well-becoming of individuals through the life-course. Of note, is the inclusion of death, which is a topic often avoided. Prepared during 2021-22, the infographic reflects the role of pandemic and war within the national and global ring of influential factors. I reflect on three ways in which health economists are currently using a life-course approach and the concept of well-becoming in the economic evaluation of individual programs and at a population level of government policy. Conclusion Moving from solely focusing on a concept of well-being to a concept of well-being and well-becoming acknowledges the influence that socioeconomic and other conditions in a particular life-course stage have on subsequent life-course stages, and the cost-effectiveness of intervening across the life-course.
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Hanetz-Gamliel K, Dollberg DG. Links between mothers' ACEs, their psychopathology and parenting, and their children's behavior problems-A mediation model. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1064915. [PMID: 36620690 PMCID: PMC9813961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1064915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children of mothers with a history of adverse childhoods are at greater risk of behavior problems. However, the mechanisms through which a mother's early adverse experiences (ACEs) are transmitted to her children need further study. Our goal was to examine a conceptual mediational model linking mothers' ACEs, maternal psychopathology symptoms, and parenting behaviors with children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors sequentially. Methods A sample of 153 Israeli mothers of children ages 3-12 (52% girls) participated in the study, and most of the mothers (94.7%) were cohabiting with a spouse. Mothers completed online questionnaires about their early adverse experiences, psychopathology symptoms, parenting behavior, and their children's internalizing and externalizing behavior. Results Results showed that mothers with higher ACE scores reported more maternal psychopathology symptoms and more internalizing behavior in their children. The mother's psychopathology in and of itself mediated the link between her ACEs and her child's internalizing and externalizing behavior. Moreover, an indirect sequential path emerged linking ACEs with the mother's psychopathology symptoms, which, in return, were linked with hostile parenting. Hostile parenting, in turn, was linked with children's internalizing and externalizing behavior. Discussion These findings highlight the complicated and intertwined ways in which adverse experiences early in the mother's life might put her child's wellbeing at risk. The findings suggest that ACEs are linked to maternal affect dysregulation, which interferes with parenting, increasing the risk of behavior problems in children. The findings underscore the need to assess mothers' adverse history, psychological distress, and parenting behavior, and provide treatments that can reduce the intergenerational transmission of early adverse experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Hanetz-Gamliel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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227
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Bhui K, Shakoor S, Mankee-Williams A, Otis M. Creative arts and digitial interventions as potential tools in prevention and recovery from the mental health consequences of adverse childhood experiences. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7870. [PMID: 36550111 PMCID: PMC9772595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaldeep Bhui
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences and Wadham College at the University of Oxford. Oxford Health and East London NHS Foundation Trusts. World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre, Oxford, UK ,grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sania Shakoor
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Michaela Otis
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Imperial College; North West London Applied Research Collaborative, London, UK
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Reguilón MD, Ballestín R, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Resilience to social defeat stress in adolescent male mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110591. [PMID: 35697171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adverse social experiences during adolescence are associated with the appearance of mental illness in adulthood. Social defeat (SD) is an ethologically valid murine model to study the consequences of social stress. In adolescent mice, SD induces depressive-like behaviors, increased anxiety and potentiates the reinforcing effects of cocaine and alcohol. However, not all mice exposed to SD will be susceptible to these effects. Adult mice resilient to the effects of SD show a consistent phenotype being resilient to depressive-like behaviors and to the increase in cocaine and alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to characterize the resilient phenotype to depressive-like behaviors and increase cocaine and ethanol rewarding effects of mice socially defeated during adolescence. To that end, adolescent mice were exposed to repeated SD, and 24 h after the last encounter, they underwent a social interaction test (SIT) in order to evaluate depressive-like behaviors. Cocaine-induced reward conditioning and ethanol intake was evaluated in two different sets of mice 3 weeks after the last SD using cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and oral ethanol self-administration (SA). The neuroinflammation response was measured at the end of the experimental procedure by measuring striatal and cortical levels of IL-6 and CX3CL1. The results confirmed that a comparable percentage of adolescent mice develop resilience to depressive-like behaviors to that observed in adult mice. However, increased anxiety was more severe in resilient mice. Likewise, an increased preference for an ineffective dose of cocaine and an increased ethanol consumption was observed in resilient mice compared to controls. The increase in IL-6 and CX3CL1 was mainly observed in the striatum of susceptible mice compared to that of control mice. Our results confirm that, contrary to prior assumptions in adults, responses to SD stress are more complex and singular in adolescents, and caution should be taken for the correct interpretation and translation of those phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Reguilón
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Ballestín
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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229
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Liu Y, Wang C, Liu Y. Association between adverse childhood experiences and later-life cardiovascular diseases among middle-aged and older Chinese adults: The mediation effect of depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:277-285. [PMID: 36162657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, few studies have focused on examining either the direct or indirect effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to investigate the mediation effect of depressive symptoms as a mediator between ACEs and CVD. METHODS This study included a total of 12,981 participants from the 2011 to 2018 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Depressive symptoms were examined using the 10-item short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). The mediation effect analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors was conducted. RESULTS 6635 (51.11 %) of the participants reported 4 and more ACEs count. Participants with certain ACEs were significantly associated with later-life incident depressive symptoms and CVD. Depressive symptoms partially mediated [20.72 %, 95 % CI: (13.02 %-38.12 %)] of the association between self-reported health status and CVD, [0.72 %, 95 % CI: (13.02 %-38.12 %)] of the association between health limitation and CVD, and [22.24 %, 95 % CI: (14.35 %-59.29 %)] of the association between hunger and CVD. In addition, as ACEs count increased by 1 unit, participants had the increased risk of incident depressive symptoms [5.01 %, 95 % CI: (4.53 %-5.50 %)] and CVD [0.61 %, 95 % CI: (0.23 %-0.99 %)]. LIMITATIONS Not all potential confounding factors were measured and adjusted in the analysis, and ACEs were collected retrospectively. CONCLUSIONS ACEs are significantly associated with both onset and increased depressive symptoms and CVD, and depressive symptoms mediated the association between ACEs and incident CVD. Our results suggested that target mental health intervention programs should be delivered to ACEs populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunguang Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Chaocai Wang
- Department of Infection Disease, Qinghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China.
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Uccellini O, Benlodi A, Caroppo E, Cena L, Esposito G, Fernandez I, Ghazanfar M, Imbasciati A, Longo F, Mazza M, Marano G, Nacinovich R, Pignatto A, Rolnick A, Trivelli M, Spada E, Vanzini C. 1000 Days: The "WeCare Generation" Program-The Ultimate Model for Improving Human Mental Health and Economics: The Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16741. [PMID: 36554625 PMCID: PMC9779238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic stressed the necessity of a new resilience of the human population and health system. The "WeCare Generation" program is a new proposal of territorial intervention, with a new paradigm, on the diseases of the human body and mind. BACKGROUND In recent decades, the independent strands of investigation on brain plasticity and early trauma consequences have demonstrated that traumatic experiences in the period from pregnancy to the age of 3 years have an enormous impact on an individual's future development, and both physical and mental health. Research shows that adverse child experiences (ACEs) are associated with a strong risk of conditions such as: harmful alcohol use, smoking, illicit drug use, high body-mass index, depression, anxiety, interpersonal violence, cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke respiratory diseases and, as a consequence, to a high financial cost in Italy and also across Europe (1-9% GDP) and the USA (total annual costs estimated to be USD 581 billion in Europe and USD 748 billion in North America). All this suggests that an early intervention on that traumatized-slice of population leads to multiplied savings. METHODS A multi-center, randomized, controlled trial was designed. The parents of the future neonatal population (from pregnancy to delivery) with trauma will be enrolled, and randomized to treatment, or control arm. The article describes in detail how the primary outpoint (cost to the national health system), and some secondary outpoints, will be collected. DISCUSSION An overall rate of return on investment (ROI) statistically significant 13.0% per annum with an associated benefit/cost ratio (BCR) of 6.3 is expected as the primary outcome of the "WeCare Generation" program. Our proposed model predicts a new medical paradigm aiming to empower new generations, with a strong return on economy and health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Benlodi
- Clinical Psychology Unit Carlo Poma Hospital, ASST Mantova, 46100 Mantua, Italy
| | - Emanuele Caroppo
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Authority Roma 2, 00159 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cena
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38122 Trent, Italy
| | | | - Maria Ghazanfar
- Maternal and Child Department, ASST Brianza, 20871 Vimercate, Italy
| | - Antonio Imbasciati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Cergas Center for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi University, 20136 Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universita’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Nacinovich
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsichiatry, ASST Monza, NeuroMI—Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Pignatto
- Department of Psychology, IUSTO—Salesian University Institute Torino Rebaudengo, 10155 Turin, Italy
| | - Arthur Rolnick
- Department of Economics, Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marco Trivelli
- General and Economic Direction, ASST Brianza, 20871 Vimercate, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Vanzini
- Training Sector Management, ASST Brianza, 20871 Vimercate, Italy
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Wiss DA, Prelip ML, Upchurch DM, von Ehrenstein OS, Tomiyama AJ, Shoptaw SJ. Perceived social support moderates the association between household dysfunction adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and self-reported drug use among men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, California. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 110:103899. [PMID: 36334318 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to be associated with drug use in adulthood. The single ACE of household substance use history (part of the household dysfunction category) has frequently been associated with drug use. Resilience factors such as perceived social support appear to buffer the association between ACEs and drug use and may be particularly relevant for urban men who have sex with men (MSM). The current study of low-income mostly Black and Latino MSM aims to investigate whether the cumulative ACE score predicts self-reported drug use in a dose-response manner and whether this potential association differs by perceived social support. METHODS Data was utilized from a longitudinal study of MSM (mean age=34; SD=7.1) with varied substance use behaviors (n = 321) collected between August 2014 and April 2022. Cumulative, household dysfunction ACEs, and the single ACE of household substance use history were investigated as predictors of self-reported drug use (methamphetamine, ecstasy, cocaine/crack, heroin/fentanyl, party drugs [GHB, special K, mushrooms, LSD/acid], other drugs [bath salts, PCP]) during the past six months in mixed-effects logistic regression models, with moderation analyses by perceived social support (measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) across all models using stratified analysis and one model of multiplicative interaction. RESULTS There was no suggestion of a dose-response relationship between the number of ACEs and the predicted probability of self-reported drug use. Cumulative ACEs did not predict the outcome overall (aOR=1.99; 95% CI: 0.86-4.59), however, a positive association was estimated for individuals reporting lower levels of perceived social support (aOR=2.80; 95% CI: 0.97-8.06). The dimension of household dysfunction had a positive association with drug use (aOR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.00-1.74) whereas the dimension of childhood maltreatment did not. The association between household dysfunction and drug use was moderated by the perception of social support, with those reporting lower levels having greater odds of reporting drug use (aOR=2.94; 95% CI: 1.04-8.31). The association between household substance use history and self-reported drug use was similarly moderated by perceived social support in a multiplicative interaction model (p = .02). CONCLUSION Perceived social support emerged as a potential buffering factor for any reported drug use, particularly for the single ACE of household substance use history. Given that the association between ACEs and drug use was weak among those with higher levels of perceived social support, promotion of social ties in the community may help reduce the burden of substance use among MSM exposed to ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wiss
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Michael L Prelip
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dawn M Upchurch
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ondine S von Ehrenstein
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - A Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven J Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10880 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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D'arcy-Bewick S, Terracciano A, Turiano N, Sutin AR, Long R, O'Súilleabháin PS. Childhood abuse and neglect, and mortality risk in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 134:105922. [PMID: 36244209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research findings on the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect (CAN) and mortality risk in adulthood are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between CAN and mortality risk in adulthood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Six databases were searched up to November 2021 for studies reporting adult mortality outcomes associated with childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect and/or emotional neglect. When feasible, results were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 265,858 individuals. Abuse included physical (4/9), sexual (2/9), emotional (2/9), combined physical or sexual (2/9) and combined abuse and neglect (4/9). Only one study reported neglect separately. Three studies that examined the association between combined childhood abuse and neglect and mortality showed a pooled HR of 1.86 (95 % CI = 1.26-2.73, I2 = 81 %). Specific types of abuse (physical, emotional, sexual) were unrelated to mortality risk, but subgroup analyses suggested that physical and emotional abuse were associated with greater mortality risk among women. There was high heterogeneity (I2 of >75 %) between estimates for almost all predictors. CONCLUSIONS Research suggests an association between CAN and adult mortality risk. However, more research is needed to address several limitations within the literature. These include standardising measures of CAN, representative sampling from vulnerable populations and differing geographical regions, and more detailed examination of the multi-faceted experience of abuse and neglect in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad D'arcy-Bewick
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Róisín Long
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Páraic S O'Súilleabháin
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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233
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Testa A, Jackson DB, Vaughn MG, Ganson KT, Nagata JM. Adverse Childhood Experiences, health insurance status, and health care utilization in middle adulthood. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115194. [PMID: 36283330 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively impact health over the life-course. Yet, compared to the robust literature on the consequences for ACEs for health, substantially fewer studies assess the implications of exposure to ACEs for health insurance status and health care utilization in adulthood. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between accumulating ACEs and (1) an individual's health insurance status, and (2) usual source of care, as well as examine the mediating role of adult socioeconomic status. METHODS Data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 8,757). Multinomial logistic regression is used to assess the relationship between ACEs and health insurance status and the usual source of care. RESULTS Net of control and mediating variables, accumulating exposure to ACEs -particularly four or more ACEs- is associated with a higher likelihood of being uninsured and utilizing the emergency room as the usual source of care. Adult socioeconomic status including educational attainment, household income, employment status, and being uninsured-in the case of usual source of care-substantially mediates these associations. CONCLUSION ACEs carry negative repercussions for health insurance and patterns of healthcare utilization that spans into adulthood, and this is largely driven by poor adult socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA.
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- College for Public Health and Social Justice Saint Louis University, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Priest N, Guo S, Gondek D, Lacey RE, Burgner D, Downes M, Slopen N, Goldfeld S, Moreno-Betancur M, Kerr JA, Cahill S, Wake M, Juonala M, Lycett K, O'Connor M. The effect of adverse and positive experiences on inflammatory markers in Australian and UK children. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100550. [PMID: 36420372 PMCID: PMC9677086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between childhood adversity and inflammation is well-established. Examination of positive experiences can provide a more complete understanding of intervention opportunities. We investigated associations of adverse and positive experiences, and their intersection, with inflammation in children and adolescents. Methods Data sources: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC; N = 1237) and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 3488). Exposures: Adverse and positive experiences assessed repeatedly (LSAC: 0-11 years; ALSPAC: 0-15 years). Outcomes: Inflammation quantified by high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) (LSAC: 11-12 years; ALSPAC: 15.5 years). Analyses: Linear regression on the log-transformed outcomes estimated the relative difference in inflammatory markers with adverse/positive experiences, adjusting for socio-demographics and concurrent positive/adverse experiences, respectively. Results Most associations were in the expected direction but differed in magnitude by exposure, outcome and cohort. Across both cohorts, adverse experiences were associated with up to 7.3% higher hsCRP (95% CI: -18.6%, 33.2%) and up to 2.0% higher GlycA (95% CI: 0.5%, 3.5%); while positive experiences were associated with up to 22.1% lower hsCRP (95% CI: -49.0%, 4.7%) and 1.3% lower GlycA (95% CI: -2.7%, 0.2%). In LSAC, the beneficial effect of positive experiences on inflammation was more pronounced among those with fewer concurrent adverse experiences. Conclusion Across two cohorts, we found small but directionally consistent associations between adverse experiences and higher inflammation, and positive experiences and lower inflammation, particularly for GlycA. Future research should give further consideration to positive experiences to complement the current focus on adversity and inform the design and evaluation of early life interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Priest
- ANU Centre for Social Research & Methods, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shuaijun Guo
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dawid Gondek
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca E. Lacey
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Burgner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Inflammatory Origins Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marnie Downes
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon Goldfeld
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margarita Moreno-Betancur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Kerr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie Cahill
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Melissa Wake
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics & the Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Markus Juonala
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kate Lycett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Social & Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Alkhattabi F, Al Faryan N, Alsaleh M, Long M, Alkhani A, Alwahibah S, Frederico M, Alhuthil R. Understanding the epidemiology and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence and child abuse in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2022; 9:209-215. [PMID: 36643054 PMCID: PMC9828939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact of a pandemic on the lives of vulnerable members of the community who have experienced or are 'at risk' of experiencing intimate family violence and child abuse in Saudi Arabia. By reviewing the experience in Saudi Arabia in the context of the international literature, the study explores similarities and differences in the impact of the pandemic on family violence. Methods The study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family violence and child abuse in Saudi Arabia by conducting a comparative analysis of the prevalence of cases, types of abuse, and geographical location of those experiencing violence between the years 2019 and 2020. Data were obtained from the Family Violence Reporting Center 1919 in Saudi Arabia. Results The study found that the risk of family violence and child abuse increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia, similar to findings in other countries. Conversely, there was a decrease in the number of reports due to factors associated with COVID-19. Conclusions The study highlighted the importance of ensuring that existing policies and services are sufficient to ensure the risks arising from the impact of COVID-19 responses and minimize the negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadiah Alkhattabi
- Child Abuse Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Al Takhassousi & 12713, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Al Faryan
- Social Responsibility Program Manager/Advisor and Trainer in Social Counselling, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (HRSD), Riyadh, 3813, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Alsaleh
- National Center for Social Studies, Riyadh, 13213, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maureen Long
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Abdullah Alkhani
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Raghad Alhuthil
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Gentry SV, Paterson BA. Does screening or routine enquiry for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) meet criteria for a screening programme? A rapid evidence summary. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022; 44:810-822. [PMID: 34231848 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events in childhood that can have impacts throughout life. It has been suggested that ACEs should be 'screened' for, or routinely enquired about, in childhood or adulthood. The aim of this work is to review evidence for this against the United Kingdom National Screening Committee (UKNSC) programme criteria. METHODS A rapid review of evidence on ACEs screening was conducted using the approach of the UKNSC. RESULTS Good quality evidence was identified from meta-analyses for associations between ACEs and a wide range of adverse outcomes. There was no consistent evidence on the most suitable screening tool, setting of administration, and time or frequency of use. Routine enquiry among adults was feasible and acceptable to service users and professionals in various settings. A wide range of potentially effective interventions was identified. Limited evidence was available on the potential for screening or routine enquiry to reduce morbidity and mortality or possible harms of screening. CONCLUSIONS Based on the application of available evidence to UKNSC screening criteria, there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend the implementation of a screening programme for ACEs. Further research is needed to determine whether routine enquiry can improve morbidity, mortality, health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Gentry
- Public Health England East of England Centre, Fulbourn, Cambridge CB21 5XA, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - B A Paterson
- Public Health England East of England Centre, Fulbourn, Cambridge CB21 5XA, UK
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Lampe A, Nolte T, Schmid M, Kampling H, Kruse J, Grote V, Fischer MJ, Riedl D. Gender-Specific Significance of Peer Abuse during Childhood and Adolescence on Physical and Mental Health in Adulthood-Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Hospital Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15986. [PMID: 36498082 PMCID: PMC9736011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Peer abuse (PA) is a widespread and gender-sensitive form of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). However, research on its influence on physical and mental health in adulthood remains scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate gender-specific associations between PA and physical and mental health in adulthood in a sample of general hospital patients. A cross-sectional study at the University Hospital of Innsbruck was conducted. Data on ACEs, physical and mental health were collected using self-report questionnaires. We compared patients with no ACEs, PA only, ACEs without PA, and ACEs with PA using gender-specific binary logistic regressions to investigate the association of PA with physical and mental health. A total of 2,392 patients were included in the analyses. Women reported more emotional PA (13.1% vs. 9.4%; p = 0.006), while men reported more physical PA (8.3% vs. 5.2%; p = 0.003). PA was associated with a higher likelihood for depression (OR = 2.6), somatization (OR = 2.1), as well as worse physical health (OR = 2.1) in women but not in men. This study is the first to present data on the gender-specific detrimental effect of PA on physical and mental health in adulthood. Especially for women, PA poses a significant health risk. Thus, we should be aware of these effects and offer adequate support for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Lampe
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- VAMED Rehabilitation Center, 6780 Schruns, Austria
| | - Tobias Nolte
- Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London N1 9JH, UK
| | - Marc Schmid
- Research Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Kampling
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the Philipps University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Grote
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J. Fischer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- VAMED Rehabilitation Center Kitzbuehel, 6370 Kitzbuehel, Austria
| | - David Riedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Mei X, Li J, Li ZS, Huang S, Li LL, Huang YH, Liu J. Psychometric evaluation of an Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) measurement tool: an equitable assessment or reinforcing biases? HEALTH & JUSTICE 2022; 10:34. [PMID: 36445502 PMCID: PMC9706892 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-022-00198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Utilizing Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) measurement scales to assess youths' adversities has expanded exponentially in health and justice studies. However, most of the ACEs assessment scales have yet to meet critical psychometric standards, especially for key demographic and minority groups. It is critical that any assessment or screening tool is not reinforcing bias, warranting the need for validating ACEs tools that are equitable, reliable and accurate. The current study aimed to examine the structural validity of an ACEs scale. Using data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), which collected of 97,314 responses collected from adults across sixteen states. This study assessed the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the ACEs tool under the structural equation modeling framework. RESULTS We found the 11-item ACEs screening tool as a second-order factor with three subscales, all of which passed the measurement invariance tests at metric and scalar levels across age, race, sex, socioeconomic status, gender identity, and sexual orientation. We also found that minority groups experienced more childhood adversity with small effect size, with the exception of the gender identity. CONCLUSION The ACEs measurement scale from the BRFSS is equitable and free from measurement bias regardless of one's age, race, sex, socioeconomic status, gender identity, and sexual orientation, and thus is valid to be used to compare group mean differences within these groups. The scale is a potentially valid, viable, and predictive risk assessment in health and justice and research settings to identify high-risk groups or individuals for treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Mei
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Jiayu Li
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2520 USA
| | - Zhi-Shu Li
- Shenyang Open University, Shisiwei Rd, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110003 China
| | - Shun Huang
- Beijing Hospital, 1 Dahua Rd, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100051 China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 41 Shenzhou Street, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110000 China
| | - Yang-Hong Huang
- Shenyang Women and Children’s Hospital, No. 87 Danan street, Shenhe District, 110000 Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhong Liu
- University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade Taipa, Macau, 999078 China
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Chu J, Raney JH, Ganson KT, Wu K, Rupanagunta A, Testa A, Jackson DB, Murray SB, Nagata JM. Adverse childhood experiences and binge-eating disorder in early adolescents. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:168. [PMID: 36384578 PMCID: PMC9670461 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common and linked to negative health outcomes. Previous studies have found associations between ACEs and binge-eating disorder (BED), though they have mainly focused on adults and use cross-sectional data. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between ACEs and BED in a large, national cohort of 9-14-year-old early adolescents in the US. METHODS We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 10,145, 2016-2020). Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between self-reported ACEs and BED based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia at two-year follow-up, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, baseline household income, parental education, site, and baseline binge-eating disorder. RESULTS In the sample, (49% female, 46% racial/ethnic minority), 82.8% of adolescents reported at least one ACE and 1.2% had a diagnosis of BED at two-year follow-up. The mean number of ACEs was higher in those with a diagnosis of BED compared to those without (2.6 ± 0.14 vs 1.7 ± 0.02). The association between number of ACEs and BED in general had a dose-response relationship. One ACE (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-10.89), two ACEs (aOR 3.88, 95% CI 1.28-11.74), and three or more ACEs (aOR 8.94, 95% CI 3.01-26.54) were all associated with higher odds of BED at two-year follow-up. When stratified by types of ACEs, history of household mental illness (aOR 2.18, 95% 1.31-3.63), household violence (aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.42-4.15), and criminal household member (aOR 2.14, 95% CI 1.23-3.73) were most associated with BED at two-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents who have experienced ACEs, particularly household challenges, have higher odds of developing BED. Clinicians may consider screening for ACEs and providing trauma-focused care when evaluating patients for BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Julia H Raney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Kelsey Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ananya Rupanagunta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Gatto NM, Thordardottir EB, Tomasson G, Rúnarsdóttir H, Song H, Jakobsdóttir J, Aspelund T, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Hauksdóttir A. Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multiple Sclerosis in Icelandic Women-A Population-Based Cohort Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1559. [PMID: 36421883 PMCID: PMC9688793 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing literature, mostly based on selected populations, indicates that traumas may be associated with autoimmune diseases, yet few studies exist on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in the general population. OBJECTIVE We assessed cross-sectional associations between self-reported ACEs and MS among Icelandic women in the population-based Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) cohort. METHODS Participants (n = 27,870; mean age 44.9 years) answered a web-based survey that included the ACE-International Questionnaire and a question about MS diagnosis. Log-linear Poisson regression models estimated MS prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for ACEs adjusted for covariates. RESULTS 214 women reported having been diagnosed with MS (crude prevalence = 7.7 per 1000). Compared to women without MS, women with MS reported more fatigue, body pain and bladder problems. The average cumulative number of ACEs was 2.1. After adjustment for age, education, childhood deprivation, smoking and depressive symptoms, MS prevalence did not increase with increasing ACEs exposure (PR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.92, 1.09). Thirteen ACE categories, including abuse, neglect, household dysfunction and violence were not individually or independently associated with MS. CONCLUSION Limited by self-reported data and cross-sectional design, results do not consistently support associations between ACEs in the development of MS among adult Icelandic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Gatto
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Edda Bjork Thordardottir
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mental Health Services, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunnar Tomasson
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Landspitali, University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Harpa Rúnarsdóttir
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Huan Song
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Arna Hauksdóttir
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Grummitt L, Barrett E, Kelly E, Newton N. An Umbrella Review of the Links Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Misuse: What, Why, and Where Do We Go from Here? Subst Abuse Rehabil 2022; 13:83-100. [PMID: 36411791 PMCID: PMC9675346 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s341818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A wealth of research has identified adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; abuse, neglect, violence or disorder in the home) as a strong risk factor for substance misuse. Synthesis of the existing evidence is critical to shape policy and inform directions for future research. Existing reviews have focused on specific substances or substance use outcomes (eg, disorder), and do not include discussion of the mechanisms that operate between ACEs and substance misuse. The current umbrella review aims to synthesize reviews on the relationship between ACEs and substance misuse, review the evidence on the mechanisms linking these, identify existing gaps in our knowledge, and discuss critical directions for future research, practice, and public policy. METHODS Two electronic databases (PsycINFO and Medline) were searched for reviews published between 1998 and 2022 on the link between ACEs and substance misuse. Twenty articles met eligibility criteria and were qualitatively synthesized. RESULTS Results overwhelmingly demonstrated an elevated risk of substance misuse or disorder, among adolescents and adults exposed to ACEs. Research on the mechanisms that explain this link highlights a multitude of potential intervention targets, with childhood stress propelling a cascade of effects across neurobiological, endocrine, immune, metabolic, and nervous systems, impacting psychosocial and cognitive functioning. Nonetheless, the literature is subject to limitations surrounding potential unmeasured cofounders and causality, as well as decontextualizing childhood adversity from broader structural issues that influence the link between ACEs and substance misuse. Research, policy, and practice that seek to holistically understand and address the relationship between ACEs and substance misuse within the broader social determinants of health is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Grummitt
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Barrett
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Kelly
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Lindert NG, Maxwell MY, Liu SR, Stern HS, Baram TZ, Poggi Davis E, Risbrough VB, Baker DG, Nievergelt CM, Glynn LM. Exposure to unpredictability and mental health: Validation of the brief version of the Questionnaire of Unpredictability in Childhood (QUIC-5) in English and Spanish. Front Psychol 2022; 13:971350. [PMID: 36438371 PMCID: PMC9682115 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.971350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unpredictability is increasingly recognized as a primary dimension of early life adversity affecting lifespan mental health trajectories; screening for these experiences is therefore vital. The Questionnaire of Unpredictability in Childhood (QUIC) is a 38-item tool that measures unpredictability in childhood in social, emotional and physical domains. The available evidence indicates that exposure to unpredictable experiences measured with the QUIC predicts internalizing symptoms including depression and anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to validate English and Spanish brief versions (QUIC-5) suitable for administration in time-limited settings (e.g., clinical care settings, large-scale epidemiological studies). Five representative items were identified from the QUIC and their psychometric properties examined. The predictive validity of the QUIC-5 was then compared to the QUIC by examining mental health in four cohorts: (1) English-speaking adult women assessed at 6-months postpartum (N = 116), (2) English-speaking male veterans (N = 95), (3) English-speaking male and female adolescents (N = 155), and (4) Spanish-speaking male and female adults (N = 285). The QUIC-5 demonstrated substantial variance in distributions in each of the cohorts and is correlated on average 0.84 (r's = 0.81-0.87) with the full 38-item version. Furthermore, the QUIC-5 predicted internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depression) in all cohorts with similar effect sizes (r's = 0.16-0.39; all p's < 0.05) to the full versions (r's = 0.19-0.42; all p's < 0.05). In sum, the QUIC-5 exhibits good psychometric properties and is a valid alternative to the full QUIC. These findings support the future use of the QUIC-5 in clinical and research settings as a concise way to measure unpredictability, identify risk of psychopathology, and intervene accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Y. Maxwell
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Sabrina R. Liu
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Hal S. Stern
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Tallie Z. Baram
- Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Victoria B. Risbrough
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dewleen G. Baker
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Caroline M. Nievergelt
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Laura M. Glynn
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States
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Implementing Trauma Informed Care in Human Services: An Ecological Scoping Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12110431. [DOI: 10.3390/bs12110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma and toxic stress are growing public health concerns with increasing risks to morbidity and mortality. Trauma informed care is an organizational response that challenges providers to adapt principled based approaches that seek to reduce adverse effects of care and support healing. However, there is a scarcity of empirical evidence on how trauma informed care is implemented in systems. A preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis-compliant scoping review based on Arksey, and O’Malley’s five steps model was conducted. Four databases, PubMed, Scopus, Embase and PsychINFO were searched for English articles published since 2000. Studies were included if they reported on trauma informed care delivered by services that support adults and there was some reference to implementation or organizational implications. Of 1099 articles retrieved, 22 met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that trauma informed care is being implemented in a range of human services, including at the city/state level. While implementation research is still at an early stage in this field, the findings elucidate several challenges when implementing this approach across systems of care. An ecological lens is used to present findings at the macro, mezzo, and micro level, and these are further discussed with reference to practice, policy, and research.
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244
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Zhu S, Shan S, Liu W, Li S, Hou L, Huang X, Liu Y, Yi Q, Sun W, Tang K, Adeloye D, Rudan I, Song P. Adverse childhood experiences and risk of diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2022; 12:04082. [PMID: 36318589 PMCID: PMC9624439 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.04082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and diabetes is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify the association between the number and types of ACEs and diabetes during adulthood based on available observational studies. Methods A comprehensive literature search of studies exploring the association between ACEs and diabetes was conducted in PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases until 15 April 2022. A random-effects model was used to pool odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the number and types of ACEs with diabetes. Regarding the association between the number of ACEs and diabetes, we used funnel plots to examine publication bias, subgroup analysis to explore sources of heterogeneity, and sensitivity analysis to explore the robustness of the pooled results. Results A total of 49 studies were included. Individuals with higher continuous ACEs (per each additional ACE: OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.10), any ACE (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.16-1.28), or ≥4 ACEs (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.27-1.63) were at an increased risk of diabetes in adulthood when compared with individuals without ACEs. Across specific ACE types, childhood economic adversity (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04-1.19), physical abuse (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07-1.21), sexual abuse (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.12-1.39), verbal abuse (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03-1.20), and incarceration (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.03-1.45) were associated with diabetes. However, neglect, emotional abuse, domestic violence, parental divorce or separation, parental death, and living with a family member with substance abuse or mental disorders were not significantly associated with diabetes. Conclusions Individuals with ACEs may have a cumulative risk for diabetes in adulthood. It is critical to prevent ACEs and build resilience in individuals affected by ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhu
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyi Shan
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leying Hou
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanyin Huang
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Yi
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidi Sun
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Global Health Epidemiology Research Group (GHERG)
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Centre for Global Health Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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245
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Schnarrs PW, Bond M, Stone AL, Salcido R, Young L, Dean J, Grigsby TJ. The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Utilization of Different HIV Testing Strategies Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in Texas. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:3642-3653. [PMID: 35583575 PMCID: PMC9115744 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a well-documented HIV-risk factor, but less is known about the relationship between ACEs and different HIV testing strategies. This study used data from an LGBTQ + community health assessment, that was part of a multi-staged community-based participatory research project in San Antonio, Texas. Overall, 464 young men who have sex with men (YMSM; < 36-years-old) completed an online, cross-sectional survey that included questions about ACEs and HIV testing behavior. An association between increased ACEs exposure and the odds of clinic-based testing and HIVST HIV significantly decreased relative to never testing for HIV. Additionally, greater ACEs exposure was significantly associated with increased odds of reporting community-based testing (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.20) and significantly reduced odds of HIV self-testing (AOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.63, 0.82) compared to clinic-based testing. Cumulative ACEs exposure is important in understanding HIV testing behaviors in YMSM and should be considered when developing HIV testing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip W Schnarrs
- Division of Community Engagement and Health Equity, Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Health Discovery Building (HDB) 4.814, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, School of Human Ecology, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Population Research Center, The College of Liberal Arts, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Mark Bond
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Amy L Stone
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, 78212, USA
| | - Robert Salcido
- The Pride Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78212, USA
| | - Lindsay Young
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Judith Dean
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Timothy J Grigsby
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
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246
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Iannarelli NJ, Wade TJ, Dempster KS, Moore J, MacNeil AJ, O'Leary DD. No Mediation Effect of Telomere Length or Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number on the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Central Arterial Stiffness. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026619. [DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Previous reports have suggested that accelerated biological aging—indexed by telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn)—may contribute to associations between ACEs and cardiovascular health outcomes. Here, we examine the potential mediating effects of TL and mtDNAcn on the association between ACEs and central arterial stiffness—an intermediate cardiovascular health outcome—as a novel pathway linking ACEs to CVD risk among young adults.
Methods and Results
One hundred and eighty‐five (n=102 women; mean age, 22.5±1.5 years) individuals provided information on ACEs. TL (kb per diploid cell) and mtDNAcn (copies per diploid cell) were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques. Central arterial stiffness was measured as carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV; m/s). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations between ACEs, TL, mtDNAcn, and cfPWV. ACEs were positively associated with cfPWV (
β
=0.147,
P
=0.035). TL (
β
=−0.170,
P
=0.011) and mtDNAcn (
β
=−0.159,
P
=0.019) were inversely associated with cfPWV. Neither TL (
β
=−0.027,
P
=0.726) nor mtDNAcn (
β
=0.038,
P
=0.620) was associated with ACEs. Neither marker mediated the association between ACEs and cfPWV.
Conclusions
An increasing number of ACEs were associated with a faster cfPWV and thus, a greater degree of central arterial stiffness. ACEs were not associated with either TL or mtDNAcn, suggesting that these markers do not represent a mediating pathway linking ACEs to central arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Iannarelli
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
- Brock‐Niagara Centre for Health and Well‐Being Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Terrance J. Wade
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
- Brock‐Niagara Centre for Health and Well‐Being Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Kylie S. Dempster
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
- Brock‐Niagara Centre for Health and Well‐Being Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Jessy Moore
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Deborah D. O'Leary
- Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
- Brock‐Niagara Centre for Health and Well‐Being Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
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247
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Epigenetic impact of a 1-week intensive multimodal group program for adolescents with multiple adverse childhood experiences. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17177. [PMID: 36266402 PMCID: PMC9585146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs, i.e., abuse, neglect, household dysfunction) represent a potential risk factor for a wide range of long-lasting diseases and shorter life expectancy. We recently described a 1-week residential group program, based on mindfulness training, artistic expression and EMDR group therapy, that significantly reduced PTSD-related symptoms and increased attention/awareness-related outcomes in adolescent girls with multiple ACEs in a randomized controlled study. Since epigenetic mechanisms (i.e., DNA methylation) have been associated with the long-lasting effects of ACEs, the present report extends these prior findings by exploring genome-wide DNA methylation changes following the program. Saliva samples from all participants (n = 44) were collected and genomic DNA was extracted prior (T1) and following (T2) the intervention. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using the MethylationEPIC beadchip array (Illumina) revealed 49 differentially methylated loci (DML; p value < 0.001; methylation change > 10%) that were annotated to genes with roles in biological processes linked to early childhood adversity (i.e., neural, immune, and endocrine pathways, cancer and cardiovascular disease). DNA sequences flanking these DML showed significant enrichment of transcription factor binding sites involved in inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and brain development. Methylation changes in SIRT5 and TRAPPC2L genes showed associations with changes in trauma-related psychological measures. Results presented here suggest that this multimodal group program for adolescents with multiple victimization modulates the DNA methylome at sites of potential relevance for health and behavioral disorders associated with ACEs.
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248
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Chen W, Yu Z, Wang L, Gross D. Examining Childhood Adversities in Chinese Health Science Students Using the Simplified Chinese Version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (SC-ACE-IQ). ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 3:335-346. [PMID: 36278243 PMCID: PMC9580443 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent, costly, and associated with poor health outcomes in adults. Little is known about ACE prevalence rates or strategies for measuring ACEs among young adults in Mainland China. The aims of this study were to (a) translate the ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) into Simplified Chinese, (b) assess the psychometric strength of the Simplified Chinese version of the ACE-IQ (SC-ACE-IQ), and (c) compare SC-ACE-IQ scores calculated using binary and frequency scoring methods. The ACE-IQ was translated from English to Simplified Chinese and evaluated for content validity, criterion validity, and test–retest reliability. Chinese young adults (n = 566) aged 18–38 years who were health science students were recruited in Shanghai, China from May to August 2020. ACE exposures were compared using binary and frequency scoring methods, as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The SC-ACE-IQ has good content validity (S-CVI = 0.89) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.88). SC-ACE-IQ scores were associated with depressive (binary: r = 0.26, frequency: r = 0.29; p < 0.001) and anxiety (binary: r = 0.22, frequency: r = 0.24; p < 0.001) symptoms. Higher proportion of participants reported exposure to at least one ACE and four or more ACEs when using the binary scoring method compared to the frequency scoring method. The SC-ACE-IQ is a valid and reliable ACE measure for Chinese health science students. Using frequency methods may underestimate exposure to ACEs among this population. Researchers should carefully select scoring methods for different study populations and purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Chen
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deborah Gross
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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249
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Jacobsen SA, Bibby BM, Frostholm L, Petersen MW, Ørnbøl E, Schovsbo SU, Dantoft TM, Carstensen TBW. Development and Validation of the Weighted Index for Childhood Adverse Conditions (WICAC). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013251. [PMID: 36293829 PMCID: PMC9602749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse experiences in childhood are a major public health concern, promoting social inequality in health through biopsychosocial mechanisms. So far, no known measures comprehend the complexity and variations of severity of adverse events. This study aims to develop and validate a new index: the Weighted Index for Childhood Adverse Conditions (WICAC). METHODS The population consists of 7493 randomly invited men and women aged 18-72 years. Data were collected in 2012-2015 as part of the Danish Study of Functional Disorders (DanFunD). Content and construct validation of the WICAC was performed with the hypothesis testing of multiple biopsychosocial outcomes: cardiovascular disease, cancer, poor health, back pain, BMI, obesity, anxiety, depression, low vitality, subjective social status, lower education, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Data were analysed with binominal and linear regression models with risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD). RESULTS Content validation is fitting for WICAC. The strongest associations observed were for most severe adversity: Poor Health RR = 2.16 (1.19-2.91), Anxiety RR = 3.32 (2.32-4.74), Heavy Drinking RR = 4.09 (1.85-9.04), and Subjective Social Status MD = -0.481 (-0.721-(-0.241)). Similar results were found for the remaining outcomes. Discriminative validation was undecided. CONCLUSIONS WICAC is an adequate instrument for measuring cumulative adverse life events in childhood and adolescence for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie A. Jacobsen
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Bo M. Bibby
- Department of Public Health, Biostatistics, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Frostholm
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie W. Petersen
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva Ørnbøl
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Signe U. Schovsbo
- Center for Clinical Research and Disease Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M. Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Disease Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina B. W. Carstensen
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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250
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Testa A. Childhood Adversity and Risky Behaviors among Chinese Rural Young Adults: The Mediation Effect of Perceived Stress and Moderation Effect of Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13194. [PMID: 36293775 PMCID: PMC9603411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research has documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly impact young people's risky behaviors. Yet, few studies have explored if individuals' perceived stress mediates the association between ACEs and risky behaviors; also if social support moderates the pathways from ACEs to risky behaviors through perceived stress. This study aimed to assess the mediation effect of perceived stress and the moderation effect of social support in the study of ACEs and risky behaviors. This study sample includes 1091 Chinese rural young people. A web-based survey was used to assess demographic information, ACEs, perceived stress, social support, and seven types of risky behaviors. Multivariate regression models were run to test associations between ACEs and different risky behaviors while controlling for confounding variables. The mediation model (Model 4) and the moderated mediation model (Model 58) were also performed using the PROCESS macro. Multivariate regression results showed that, with increasing ACEs values, there was an increased likelihood of all risky behaviors. The moderated mediation analysis confirmed that perceived stress mediated the linkage between ACEs and risky behaviors. However, no significant moderating effect of social support was found. The study findings indicate that ACEs, risky behaviors, and perceived stress are significant public health problems among rural Chinese young people. Culturally appropriate prevention and intervention programs and services need to be implemented to address these issues and promote rural Chinese young people's wellbeing and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Kent School of Social Work and Family Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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