401
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Ping J, Fu H, Xiong YJ, Soomro S, Huang ZH, Yu PP. Poly-L-ornithine blocks the inhibitory effects of fibronectin on oligodendrocyte differentiation and promotes myelin repair. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:832-839. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.353493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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402
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Valentine M, Yano J, Lodh S, Nabi A, Deng B, Van Houten J. Methods for Paramecium tetraurelia ciliary membrane protein identification and function. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 175:177-219. [PMID: 36967141 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter we provide some tools to study the ciliary proteins that make it possible for Paramecium cells to swim by beating their cilia. These proteins include many ion channels, accessory proteins, peripheral proteins, structural proteins, rootlets of cilia, and enzymes. Some of these proteins are also found in the soma membrane, but their distinct and critical functions are in the cilia. Paramecium has 4000 or more cilia per cell, giving it an advantage for biochemical studies over cells that have one primarily cilium per cell. Nonetheless, a challenge for studies of many ciliary proteins in Paramecium is their low abundance. We discuss here several strategies to overcome this challenge and other challenges such as working with very large channel proteins. We also include for completeness other techniques that are critical to the study of swimming behavior, such as genetic crosses, recording of swimming patterns, electrical recordings, expression of very large channel proteins, RNA Interference, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Valentine
- State University of New York, Plattsburgh, NY, United States
| | - Junji Yano
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Sukanya Lodh
- Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Bin Deng
- Vermont Biomedical Research Network, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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403
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Roy A, Patra SK. Lipid Raft Facilitated Receptor Organization and Signaling: A Functional Rheostat in Embryonic Development, Stem Cell Biology and Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2-25. [PMID: 35997871 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular views of plasma membrane organization and dynamics are gradually changing over the past fifty years. Dynamics of plasma membrane instigate several signaling nexuses in eukaryotic cells. The striking feature of plasma membrane dynamics is that, it is internally transfigured into various subdomains of clustered macromolecules. Lipid rafts are nanoscale subdomains, enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids, reside as floating entity mostly on the exoplasmic leaflet of the lipid bilayer. In terms of functionality, lipid rafts are unique among other membrane subdomains. Herein, advances on the roles of lipid rafts in cellular physiology and homeostasis are discussed, precisely, on how rafts dynamically harbor signaling proteins, including GPCRs, catalytic receptors, and ionotropic receptors within it and orchestrate multiple signaling pathways. In the developmental proceedings signaling are designed for patterning of overall organism and they differ from the somatic cell physiology and signaling of fully developed organisms. Some of the developmental signals are characteristic in maintenance of stemness and activated during several types of tumor development and cancer progression. The harmony between extracellular signaling and lineage specific transcriptional programs are extremely important for embryonic development. The roles of plasma membrane lipid rafts mediated signaling in lineage specificity, early embryonic development, stem cell maintenance are emerging. In view of this, we have highlighted and analyzed the roles of lipid rafts in receptor organization, cell signaling, and gene expression during embryonic development; from pre-implantation through the post-implantation phase, in stem cell and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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404
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Oya S, Korogi K, Kohno T, Tsuiji H, Danylchuk DI, Klymchenko AS, Niko Y, Hattori M. The Plasma Membrane Polarity Is Higher in the Neuronal Growth Cone than in the Cell Body of Hippocampal and Cerebellar Granule Neurons. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1820-1825. [PMID: 38044101 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The polarity of the biological membrane, or lipid order, regulates many cellular events. It is generally believed that the plasma membrane polarity is regulated according to cell type and function, sometimes even within a cell. Neurons have a variety of functionally specialized subregions, each of which bears distinct proteins and lipids, and the membrane polarity of the subregions may differ accordingly. However, no direct experimental evidence of it has been presented to date. In the present study, we used a cell-impermeable solvatochromic membrane probe NR12A to investigate the local polarity of the plasma membrane of neurons. Both in hippocampal and cerebellar granule neurons, growth cones have higher membrane polarity than the cell body. In addition, the overall variation in the polarity value of each pixel was greater in the growth cone than in cell bodies, suggesting that the lateral diffusion and/or dynamics of the growth cone membrane are greater than other parts of the neuron. These tendencies were much less notably observed in the lamellipodia of a non-neuronal cell. Our results suggest that the membrane polarity of neuronal growth cones is unique and this characteristic may be important for its structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Oya
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Katsunari Korogi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Hitomi Tsuiji
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Dmytro I Danylchuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg
| | - Yosuke Niko
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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405
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We are what we eat: The role of lipids in metabolic diseases. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516463 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a fundamental role, both structurally and functionally, for the correct functioning of the organism. In the last two decades, they have evolved from molecules involved only in energy storage to compounds that play an important role as components of cell membranes and signaling molecules that regulate cell homeostasis. For this reason, their interest as compounds involved in human health has been gaining weight. Indeed, lipids derived from dietary sources and endogenous biosynthesis are relevant for the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. There exist pathological conditions that are characterized by alterations in lipid metabolism. This is particularly true for metabolic diseases, such as liver steatosis, type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The main issue to be considered is lipid homeostasis. A precise control of fat homeostasis is required for a correct regulation of metabolic pathways and safe and efficient energy storage in adipocytes. When this fails, a deregulation occurs in the maintenance of systemic metabolism. This happens because an increased concentrations of lipids impair cellular homeostasis and disrupt tissue function, giving rise to lipotoxicity. Fat accumulation results in many alterations in the physiology of the affected organs, mainly in metabolic tissues. These alterations include the activation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased inflammation, accumulation of bioactive molecules and modification of gene expression. In this chapter, we review the main metabolic diseases in which alterations in lipid homeostasis are involved and discuss their pathogenic mechanisms.
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406
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Wang X, Wang Y, Wang J, Li Z, Zhang J, Li J. In silico Design of Photoresponsive Peptide-based Hydrogel with Controllable Structural and Rheological Properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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407
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Pacheco J, Bohórquez-Hernández A, Méndez-Acevedo KM, Sampieri A, Vaca L. Roles of Cholesterol and PtdIns(4,5)P 2 in the Regulation of STIM1-Orai1 Channel Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:305-326. [PMID: 36988886 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most prominent second messengers. It is involved in a wide range of functions at the single-cell level but also in modulating regulatory mechanisms in the entire organism. One process mediating calcium signaling involves hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) by the phospholipase-C (PLC). Thus, calcium and PtdIns(4,5)P2 are intimately intertwined two second-messenger cascades that often depend on each other. Another relevant lipid associated with calcium signaling is cholesterol. Both PtdIns(4,5)P2 and cholesterol play key roles in the formation and maintenance of specialized signaling nanodomains known as lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are particularly important in calcium signaling by concentrating and localizing calcium channels such as the Orai1 channel. Depletion of internal calcium stores is initiated by the production of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Calcium depletion from the ER induces the oligomerization of STIM1, which binds Orai1 and initiates calcium influx into the cell. In the present review, we analyzed the complex interactions between cholesterol, PtdIns(4,5)P2, and the complex formed by the Orai1 channel and the signaling molecule STIM1. We explore some of the complex mechanisms governing calcium homeostasis and phospholipid metabolism, as well as the interaction between these two apparently independent signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pacheco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Kevin M Méndez-Acevedo
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- ZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alicia Sampieri
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Luis Vaca
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.
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408
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Bharti R, Dey G, Lin F, Lathia J, Reizes O. CD55 in cancer: Complementing functions in a non-canonical manner. Cancer Lett 2022; 551:215935. [PMID: 36216147 PMCID: PMC11019835 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CD55, or decay accelerating factor, is a membrane lipid microdomain-associated, GPI-anchored protein implicated in the shielding of cells from complement-mediated attack via accelerating decay of C3 and C5. Loss of CD55 is associated with a number of pathologies due to hyperactivation of the complement system. CD55 is also implicated in cancer progression thought to be driven via its role in cell shielding mechanisms. We now appreciate that CD55 can signal intracellularly to promote malignant transformation, cancer progression, cell survival, angiogenesis, and inhibition of apoptosis. Outside-in signaling via CD55 is mediated by signaling pathways including JNK, JAK/STAT, MAPK/NF-κB, and LCK. Moreover, CD55 is enriched in the cancer stem cell (CSC) niche of multiple tumors including breast, ovarian, cervical, and can be induced by chemotherapeutics and hypoxic environments. CSCs are implicated in tumor recurrence and chemoresistance. Here, we review the unexpected roles of CD55 in cancer including the roles of canonical and noncanonical pathways that CD55 orchestrates. We will highlight opportunities for therapeutic targeting CD55 and gaps in the field that require more in-depth mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Bharti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Goutam Dey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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409
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Zhukova NV. Fatty Acids of Echinoderms: Diversity, Current Applications and Future Opportunities. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010021. [PMID: 36662194 PMCID: PMC9865275 DOI: 10.3390/md21010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylum Echinodermata comprising the classes Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Crinodeia, is one of the important invertebrate groups. Members of this phylum live exclusively in marine habitats and are distributed in almost all depths and latitudes. Some of them, such as sea urchins and sea cucumbers, are commercially valuable and constitute a major fishery resource. Echinoderms are increasingly recognized as a unique source of various metabolites with a wide range of biological activities. The importance of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid, in human health has drawn attention to echinoderms as a promising source of essential fatty acids (FAs). Extensive information on the FAs of the phylum has been accumulated to date. The biosynthetic capabilities and feeding habits of echinoderms explain the findings of the unusual FAs in them. Certain common and unusual FAs may serve as chemotaxonomic markers of the classes. The main goal of the review was to gather the relevant information on the distribution of FAs among the echinoderm classes, describe the structures, distribution, biosynthetic pathways, and bioactivity, with an emphasis on the FAs specific for echinoderms. A large part of the review is devoted to the FAs derived from echinoderms that exhibit various biological activities promising for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Zhukova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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410
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Wu H, Huang H, Zhang Y, Lu X, Majewski PW, Feng X. Stabilizing Differential Interfacial Curvatures by Mismatched Molecular Geometries: Toward Polymers with Percolating 1 nm Channels of Gyroid Minimal Surfaces. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21139-21151. [PMID: 36516967 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soft materials with self-assembled networks possess saddle-shaped interfaces with distributed negative Gaussian curvatures. The ability to stabilize such a geometry is critically important for various applications but can be challenging due to the possibly "deficient" packing of the building blocks. This nontrivial challenge has been manifested, for example, by the limited availability of cross-linkable bicontinuous cubic (Q) liquid crystals (LCs), which can be utilized to fabricate compelling polymers with networked nanochannels uniformly sized at ∼1 nm. Here, we devise a facile approach to stabilizing cross-linkable Q mesophases by leveraging the synergistic self-assembly from pairs of scalably synthesized polymerizable amphiphiles. Hybridization of the molecular geometries by mixing significantly increases the propensity of the local deviations in the interfacial curvature specifically required for Q assemblies. "Normal" (type 1) double gyroid LCs possessing 1 nm ionic channels conforming to minimal surfaces can be formulated by simultaneous hydration of the amphiphile mixtures, as opposed to the formation of hexagonal or lamellar mesophases exhibited by the single-amphiphile systems, respectively. Fixation of the bicontinuous network in polymers via radical polymerization has been efficaciously facilitated by the presence of the bifunctional polymerizable groups in one of the employed amphiphiles. High-fidelity lock-in of the ordered continuous 1 nm channels has been unambiguously confirmed by the observation of single-crystal-like diffraction patterns from synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and large-area periodicities by transmission electron microscopy. The produced polymeric materials exhibit the required mechanical integrity as well as chemical robustness in a variety of organic solvents that benefit their practical applications for selective transport of ions and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, and College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Repubic of China
| | - Hairui Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, and College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Repubic of China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, and School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, People's Repubic of China
| | - Xinglin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, People's Repubic of China
| | - Pawel W Majewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw02089, Poland
| | - Xunda Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, and College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Repubic of China
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411
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Umebayashi M, Takemoto S, Reymond L, Sundukova M, Hovius R, Bucci A, Heppenstall PA, Yokota H, Johnsson K, Riezman H. A covalently linked probe to monitor local membrane properties surrounding plasma membrane proteins. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213783. [PMID: 36571579 PMCID: PMC9802683 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional membrane proteins in the plasma membrane are suggested to have specific membrane environments that play important roles to maintain and regulate their function. However, the local membrane environments of membrane proteins remain largely unexplored due to the lack of available techniques. We have developed a method to probe the local membrane environment surrounding membrane proteins in the plasma membrane by covalently tethering a solvatochromic, environment-sensitive dye, Nile Red, to a GPI-anchored protein and the insulin receptor through a flexible linker. The fluidity of the membrane environment of the GPI-anchored protein depended upon the saturation of the acyl chains of the lipid anchor. The local environment of the insulin receptor was distinct from the average plasma membrane fluidity and was quite dynamic and heterogeneous. Upon addition of insulin, the local membrane environment surrounding the receptor specifically increased in fluidity in an insulin receptor-kinase dependent manner and on the distance between the dye and the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Umebayashi
- https://ror.org/01swzsf04Department of Biochemistry and National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, Sciences II, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Myoridge Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoko Takemoto
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Japan
| | - Luc Reymond
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Institute of Bioengineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mayya Sundukova
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Rome, Monterotondo, Italy,https://ror.org/000xsnr85Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain,Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Leioa, Spain
| | - Ruud Hovius
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Institute of Bioengineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Bucci
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Paul A. Heppenstall
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Hideo Yokota
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Japan
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Howard Riezman
- https://ror.org/01swzsf04Department of Biochemistry and National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, Sciences II, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Correspondence to Howard Riezman:
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412
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Ko TH, Chen YF. Correlation between the In-Plane Critical Behavior and Out-of-Plane Interaction of Ternary Lipid Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 13:6. [PMID: 36676813 PMCID: PMC9860714 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase-separating lipid membranes belong to the 2-D Ising universality class. While their in-plane critical behaviors are well studied, how the behaviors modulate out-of-plane interactions is rarely explored, despite its profound implications for biomembranes and 2-D ferromagnets. Here, we examine how the interlayer interaction, manifested as membrane fusion, is affected by the membranes' critical fluctuations. Remarkably, the critical fluctuations suppress membrane fusion, suggesting a correlation between critical behaviors and interlayer interactions for 2-D Ising systems.
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413
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Doğan Güzel F, Kaur J, Zendeh Z. Cheap portable electroformed giant unilamellar vesicles preparation kit. J Liposome Res 2022:1-6. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2149777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Doğan Güzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zahra Zendeh
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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414
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Zhang C, Kikushima K, Endo M, Kahyo T, Horikawa M, Matsudaira T, Tanaka T, Takanashi Y, Sato T, Takahashi Y, Xu L, Takayama N, Islam A, Mamun MA, Ozawa T, Setou M. Imaging and Manipulation of Plasma Membrane Fatty Acid Clusters Using TOF-SIMS Combined Optogenetics. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010010. [PMID: 36611804 PMCID: PMC9818728 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) serves multiple functions to support cell activities with its heterogeneous molecular distribution. Fatty acids (FAs) are hydrophobic components of the PM whose saturation and length determine the membrane's physical properties. The FA distribution contributes to the PM's lateral heterogeneity. However, the distribution of PM FAs is poorly understood. Here, we proposed the FA cluster hypothesis, which suggested that FAs on the PM exist as clusters. By the optogenetic tool translocating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we were able to manipulate the distribution of PM FAs. We used time-of-flight combined secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to image PM FAs and discovered that PM FAs were presented and distributed as clusters and are also manipulated as clusters. We also found the existence of multi-FA clusters formed by the colocalization of more than one FA. Our optogenetic tool also decreased the clustering degree of FA clusters and the formation probability of multi-FA clusters. This research opens up new avenues and perspectives to study PM heterogeneity from an FA perspective. This research also suggests a possible treatment for diseases caused by PM lipid aggregation and furnished a convenient tool for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kenji Kikushima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Mizuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Makoto Horikawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Takaomi Matsudaira
- Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan, 1-18-6 Kitami, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-0067, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tanaka
- Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan, 1-18-6 Kitami, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-0067, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takanashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Naoki Takayama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Md. Al Mamun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Correspondence:
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415
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The Role of Dietary Lipids in Cognitive Health: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123250. [PMID: 36552006 PMCID: PMC9775642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterised by progressive loss of brain function. The most common of these is Alzheimer's disease, a form of dementia. Intake of macro- and micro-nutrients impacts brain function, including memory, learning, mood, and behaviour. Lipids, particularly phospholipids and sphingolipids, are crucial structural components of neural tissues and significantly affect cognitive function. The importance of functional foods in preventing cardiovascular disease is well-documented in the current literature. However, the significance of such foods for central nervous system health and neurodegenerative diseases is less recognized. Gut microbiome composition affects cognitive health and function, and dietary lipids are known to influence gut health. Thus, this review will discuss different sources of dietary lipids and their effect on cognitive functioning and their interaction with the gut microbiome in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
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416
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Heberle FA, Welsch D, Scott HL, Waxham MN. Optimization of cryo-electron microscopy for quantitative analysis of lipid bilayers. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 3:100090. [PMID: 36593976 PMCID: PMC9804012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2022.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is among the most powerful tools available for interrogating nanoscale structure of biological materials. We recently showed that cryo-EM can be used to measure the bilayer thickness of lipid vesicles and biological membranes with subangstrom precision, resulting in the direct visualization of nanoscopic domains of different thickness in multicomponent lipid mixtures and giant plasma membrane vesicles. Despite the great potential of cryo-EM for revealing the lateral organization of biomembranes, a large parameter space of experimental conditions remains to be optimized. Here, we systematically investigate the influence of instrument parameters and image postprocessing steps on the ability to accurately measure bilayer thickness and discriminate regions of different thickness within unilamellar liposomes. This unique application of cryo-EM places particular demands on image acquisition optimization and analysis due to the facts that 1) each vesicle is a different size with different curvature, 2) the domains in each vesicle can be heterogenous in size, and 3) the random orientation of vesicles amplifies the variability of domain size in projected images. We also demonstrate a spatial autocorrelation analysis to extract additional information about lateral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A. Heberle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee,Corresponding author
| | - Doug Welsch
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haden L. Scott
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - M. Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas,Corresponding author
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417
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Kunduri G, Acharya U, Acharya JK. Lipid Polarization during Cytokinesis. Cells 2022; 11:3977. [PMID: 36552741 PMCID: PMC9776629 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is composed of a large number of lipid species that are laterally segregated into functional domains as well as asymmetrically distributed between the outer and inner leaflets. Additionally, the spatial distribution and organization of these lipids dramatically change in response to various cellular states, such as cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Division of one cell into two daughter cells is one of the most fundamental requirements for the sustenance of growth in all living organisms. The successful completion of cytokinesis, the final stage of cell division, is critically dependent on the spatial distribution and organization of specific lipids. In this review, we discuss the properties of various lipid species associated with cytokinesis and the mechanisms involved in their polarization, including forward trafficking, endocytic recycling, local synthesis, and cortical flow models. The differences in lipid species requirements and distribution in mitotic vs. male meiotic cells will be discussed. We will concentrate on sphingolipids and phosphatidylinositols because their transbilayer organization and movement may be linked via the cytoskeleton and thus critically regulate various steps of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Kunduri
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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418
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Hamada T, Mizuno S, Kitahata H. Domain dynamics of phase-separated lipid membranes under shear flow. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:9069-9075. [PMID: 36420806 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00825d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dynamical behaviour of lateral domains on phase-separated lipid vesicles under external flow is reported. A microfluidic chamber was used for the immobilization of vesicles and the application of shear. Microscopic observation revealed that domains tended to be localized at the vortex center and to exhibit a stripe morphology as the flow speed increased. We clarified the dependency of domain behaviors on the flow speed and lipid mixing fraction. The cholesterol ratio in the membrane affected these domain behaviors. Next, we investigated the growth of domains under flow. We discuss the mechanism of these trends by considering the free energy of phase separation, and reproduce the experimental results by numerical simulations. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the dynamical properties of the membrane under nonequilibrium situations and the biophysical mechanism of cellular mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hamada
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
| | - Shino Mizuno
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kitahata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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419
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Nieto-Garai JA, Olazar-Intxausti J, Anso I, Lorizate M, Terrones O, Contreras FX. Super-Resolution Microscopy to Study Interorganelle Contact Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15354. [PMID: 36499680 PMCID: PMC9739495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interorganelle membrane contact sites (MCS) are areas of close vicinity between the membranes of two organelles that are maintained by protein tethers. Recently, a significant research effort has been made to study MCS, as they are implicated in a wide range of biological functions, such as organelle biogenesis and division, apoptosis, autophagy, and ion and phospholipid homeostasis. Their composition, characteristics, and dynamics can be studied by different techniques, but in recent years super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) has emerged as a powerful tool for studying MCS. In this review, we first explore the main characteristics and biological functions of MCS and summarize the different approaches for studying them. Then, we center on SRFM techniques that have been used to study MCS. For each of the approaches, we summarize their working principle, discuss their advantages and limitations, and explore the main discoveries they have uncovered in the field of MCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ander Nieto-Garai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - June Olazar-Intxausti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Itxaso Anso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Maier Lorizate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Oihana Terrones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Francesc-Xabier Contreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation of Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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420
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Long chain ceramides raise the main phase transition of monounsaturated phospholipids to physiological temperature. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20803. [PMID: 36460753 PMCID: PMC9718810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of ceramide-mediated cellular signaling. We examined the effects of palmitoyl ceramide (C16-ceramide) and stearoyl ceramide (C18-ceramide) on the phase behavior of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS). As previously published, the presence of ceramides increased the lamellar gel-to-lamellar liquid crystalline (Lβ-Lα) phase transition temperature of POPC and POPE and decreased the Lα-to-inverted hexagonal (Lα-HII) phase transition temperature of POPE. Interestingly, despite an ~ 30° difference in the main phase transition temperatures of POPC and POPE, the Lβ-Lα phase transition temperatures were very close between POPC/C18-ceramide and POPE/C18-ceramide and were near physiological temperature. A comparison of the results of C16-ceramide in published and our own results with those of C18-ceramide indicates that increase of the carbon chain length of ceramide from 16 to 18 and/or the small difference of ceramide content in the membrane dramatically change the phase transition temperature of POPC and POPE to near physiological temperature. Our results support the idea that ceramide signaling is mediated by the alteration of lipid phase-dependent partitioning of signaling proteins.
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421
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Cholesterol crystals and atherosclerotic plaque instability: Therapeutic potential of Eicosapentaenoic acid. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108237. [PMID: 35772589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques associated with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), i.e. culprit lesions, frequently feature a ruptured fibrous cap with thrombotic complications. On imaging, these plaques exhibit a low attenuation, lipid-rich, necrotic core containing cholesterol crystals and are inherently unstable. Indeed, cholesterol crystals are causally associated with plaque vulnerability in vivo; their formation results from spontaneous self-assembly of cholesterol molecules. Cholesterol homeostasis is a central determinant of the physicochemical conditions leading to crystal formation, which are favored by elevated membrane free cholesterol content in plaque endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and foam cells, and equally by lipid oxidation. Emerging evidence from imaging trials in patients with coronary heart disease has highlighted the impact of intervention involving the omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on vulnerable, low attenuation atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, EPA decreased features associated with unstable plaque by increasing fibrous cap thickness in statin-treated patients, by reducing lipid volume and equally attenuating intraplaque inflammation. Importantly, atherosclerotic plaques rapidly incorporate EPA; indeed, a high content of EPA in plaque tissue is associated with decreased plaque inflammation and increased stability. These findings are entirely consistent with the major reduction seen in cardiovascular events in the REDUCE-IT trial, in which high dose EPA was administered as its esterified precursor, icosapent ethyl (IPE); moreover, clinical benefit was proportional to circulating EPA levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid is efficiently incorporated into phospholipids, where it modulates cholesterol-enriched domains in cell membranes through physicochemical lipid interactions and changes in rates of lipid oxidation. Indeed, biophysical analyses indicate that EPA exists in an extended conformation in membranes, thereby enhancing normal cholesterol distribution while reducing propagation of free radicals. Such effects mitigate cholesterol aggregation and crystal formation. In addition to its favorable effect on cholesterol domain structure, EPA/IPE exerts pleiotropic actions, including antithrombotic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, and proresolving effects, whose plaque-stabilizing potential cannot be excluded. Docosahexaenoic acid is distinguished from EPA by a higher degree of unsaturation and longer carbon chain length; DHA is thus predisposed to changes in its conformation with ensuing increase in membrane lipid fluidity and promotion of cholesterol aggregation into discrete domains. Such distinct molecular effects between EPA and DHA are pronounced under conditions of high cellular cholesterol content and oxidative stress. This review will focus on the formation and role of cholesterol monohydrate crystals in destabilizing atherosclerotic plaques, and on the potential of EPA as a therapeutic agent to attenuate the formation of deleterious cholesterol membrane domains and of cholesterol crystals. Such a therapeutic approach may translate to enhanced plaque stability and ultimately to reduction in cardiovascular risk.
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422
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Porciello N, Cipria D, Masi G, Lanz AL, Milanetti E, Grottesi A, Howie D, Cobbold SP, Schermelleh L, He HT, D'Abramo M, Destainville N, Acuto O, Nika K. Role of the membrane anchor in the regulation of Lck activity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102663. [PMID: 36372231 PMCID: PMC9763865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical work suggests that collective spatiotemporal behavior of integral membrane proteins should be modulated by boundary lipids sheathing their membrane anchors. Here, we show evidence for this prediction while investigating the mechanism for maintaining a steady amount of the active form of integral membrane protein Lck kinase (LckA) by Lck trans-autophosphorylation regulated by the phosphatase CD45. We used super-resolution microscopy, flow cytometry, and pharmacological and genetic perturbation to gain insight into the spatiotemporal context of this process. We found that LckA is generated exclusively at the plasma membrane, where CD45 maintains it in a ceaseless dynamic equilibrium with its unphosphorylated precursor. Steady LckA shows linear dependence, after an initial threshold, over a considerable range of Lck expression levels. This behavior fits a phenomenological model of trans-autophosphorylation that becomes more efficient with increasing LckA. We then challenged steady LckA formation by genetically swapping the Lck membrane anchor with structurally divergent ones, such as that of Src or the transmembrane domains of LAT, CD4, palmitoylation-defective CD4 and CD45 that were expected to drastically modify Lck boundary lipids. We observed small but significant changes in LckA generation, except for the CD45 transmembrane domain that drastically reduced LckA due to its excessive lateral proximity to CD45. Comprehensively, LckA formation and maintenance can be best explained by lipid bilayer critical density fluctuations rather than liquid-ordered phase-separated nanodomains, as previously thought, with "like/unlike" boundary lipids driving dynamical proximity and remoteness of Lck with itself and with CD45.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicla Porciello
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Cipria
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Masi
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna-Lisa Lanz
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Milanetti
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Duncan Howie
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P Cobbold
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lothar Schermelleh
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hai-Tao He
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CINL, Marseille, France
| | - Marco D'Abramo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolas Destainville
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Oreste Acuto
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Konstantina Nika
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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423
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Gao Y, Cui N, Liu J, Ma Q, Zhao T, Yang Z, Zhao H, Zhang B, Liang L. Application of metabolomics to explore the automatic oxidation process of hazelnut oil. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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424
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White C, Bader C, Teter K. The manipulation of cell signaling and host cell biology by cholera toxin. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110489. [PMID: 36216164 PMCID: PMC10082135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae colonizes the small intestine and releases cholera toxin into the extracellular space. The toxin binds to the apical surface of the epithelium, is internalized into the host endomembrane system, and escapes into the cytosol where it activates the stimulatory alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein by ADP-ribosylation. This initiates a cAMP-dependent signaling pathway that stimulates chloride efflux into the gut, with diarrhea resulting from the accompanying osmotic movement of water into the intestinal lumen. G protein signaling is not the only host system manipulated by cholera toxin, however. Other cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways active in the intoxication process include endocytosis through lipid rafts, retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum, the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation system for protein delivery to the cytosol, the unfolded protein response, and G protein de-activation through degradation or the function of ADP-ribosyl hydrolases. Although toxin-induced chloride efflux is thought to be an irreversible event, alterations to these processes could facilitate cellular recovery from intoxication. This review will highlight how cholera toxin exploits signaling pathways and other cell biology events to elicit a diarrheal response from the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher White
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, 12722 Research Parkway, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Carly Bader
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, 12722 Research Parkway, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Ken Teter
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, 12722 Research Parkway, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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425
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Mansuri S, Mukherjee T, Kanvah S. Fluorescent sterol probes for intracellular transport, imaging, and therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102222. [PMID: 36219959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sterols play a significant role in many physiological processes affecting membrane organization, transport, permeability, and signal transduction. The development of fluorescent sterol analogs that have immediate functional relevance to the natural biomolecules is one approach to understanding the sterol-driven physiological processes. Visualizing cellular compartments with tailor-made fluorescent molecules through specific labeling methods enables organelle targeting and reveals dynamic information. In this review, we focus on the recent literature published between 2020 and 2022, with particular emphasis on extrinsic fluorophores and their investigations of sterol-driven biological processes involving sterol transport, biomolecular interactions, and biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Mansuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
| | - Tarushyam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
| | - Sriram Kanvah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India.
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426
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Mostafavi S, Zalpoor H, Hassan ZM. The promising therapeutic effects of metformin on metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts in solid tumors. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:58. [PMID: 35869449 PMCID: PMC9308248 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes are exposed to many toxic metabolites and molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that suppress their anti-tumor activity. Toxic metabolites, such as lactate and ketone bodies, are produced mainly by catabolic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to feed anabolic cancer cells. These catabolic and anabolic cells make a metabolic compartment through which high-energy metabolites like lactate can be transferred via the monocarboxylate transporter channel 4. Moreover, a decrease in molecules, including caveolin-1, has been reported to cause deep metabolic changes in normal fibroblasts toward myofibroblast differentiation. In this context, metformin is a promising drug in cancer therapy due to its effect on oncogenic signal transduction pathways, leading to the inhibition of tumor proliferation and downregulation of key oncometabolites like lactate and succinate. The cross-feeding and metabolic coupling of CAFs and tumor cells are also affected by metformin. Therefore, the importance of metabolic reprogramming of stromal cells and also the pivotal effects of metformin on TME and oncometabolites signaling pathways have been reviewed in this study.
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427
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Roterman I, Stapor K, Konieczny L. The Contribution of Hydrophobic Interactions to Conformational Changes of Inward/Outward Transmembrane Transport Proteins. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121212. [PMID: 36557119 PMCID: PMC9784565 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteins transporting ions or other molecules across the membrane, whose proper concentration is required to maintain homeostasis, perform very sophisticated biological functions. The symport and antiport active transport can be performed only by the structures specially prepared for this purpose. In the present work, such structures in both In and Out conformations have been analyzed with respect to the hydrophobicity distribution using the FOD-M model. This allowed for identifying the role of individual protein chain fragments in the stabilization of the specific cell membrane environment as well as the contribution of hydrophobic interactions to the conformational changes between In/Out conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Roterman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University—Medical College Medyczna 7, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Stapor
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Automatic, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Leszek Konieczny
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry—Jagiellonian University—Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
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428
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Kim JH, Lee CH, Baek MC. Dissecting exosome inhibitors: therapeutic insights into small-molecule chemicals against cancer. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1833-1843. [PMID: 36446847 PMCID: PMC9707221 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of cancer biology has revealed unique methods of communication between cells through extracellular vesicles called exosomes. Exosomes are released from a broad spectrum of cell types and serve as functional mediators under physiological or pathological conditions. Hence, blocking the release of exosome bio carriers may prove useful for slowing the progression of certain types of cancers. Therefore, efforts are being made to develop exosome inhibitors to be used both as research tools and as therapies in clinical trials. Thus, studies on exosomes may lead to a breakthrough in cancer research, for which new clinical targets for different types of cancers are urgently needed. In this review, we briefly outline exosome inhibitors and discuss their modes of action and potential for use as therapeutic tools for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Kim
- grid.412072.20000 0004 0621 4958Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, 42472 South Korea
| | - Chan-Hyeong Lee
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 South Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 South Korea
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429
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Jemmett P, Milan DC, Nichols RJ, Howitt T, Martin AL, Arnold T, Rawle JL, Nicklin CL, Dafforn TR, Cox LR, Horswell SL. Influence of the Lipid Backbone on Electrochemical Phase Behavior. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14290-14301. [PMID: 36354380 PMCID: PMC9686133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are an important class of lipids found in mammalian cell membranes with important structural and signaling roles. They differ from another major group of lipids, the glycerophospholipids, in the connection of their hydrocarbon chains to their headgroups. In this study, a combination of electrochemical and structural methods has been used to elucidate the effect of this difference on sphingolipid behavior in an applied electric field. N-Palmitoyl sphingomyelin forms bilayers of similar coverage and thickness to its close analogue di-palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Grazing incidence diffraction data show slightly closer packing and a smaller chain tilt angle from the surface normal. Electrochemical IR results at low charge density show that the difference in tilt angle is retained on deposition to form bilayers. The bilayers respond differently to increasing electric field strength: chain tilt angles increase for both molecules, but sphingomyelin chains remain tilted as field strength is further increased. This behavior is correlated with disruption of the hydrogen-bonding network of small groups of sphingomyelin molecules, which may have significance for the behavior of molecules in lipid rafts in the presence of strong fields induced by ion gradients or asymmetric distribution of charged lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
N. Jemmett
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - David C. Milan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, UK
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, UK
| | - Thomas Howitt
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexandra L. Martin
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OxfordshireOX11
0DE, UK
- European
Spallation Source ERICPO Box 176, LundSE-221
00, Sweden
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities
Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, OxfordshireOX11 0QX, UK
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BathBA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jonathan L. Rawle
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OxfordshireOX11
0DE, UK
| | - Christopher L. Nicklin
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OxfordshireOX11
0DE, UK
| | - Timothy R. Dafforn
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Liam R. Cox
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah L. Horswell
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
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430
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Kovacs T, Nagy P, Panyi G, Szente L, Varga Z, Zakany F. Cyclodextrins: Only Pharmaceutical Excipients or Full-Fledged Drug Candidates? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122559. [PMID: 36559052 PMCID: PMC9788615 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins, representing a versatile family of cyclic oligosaccharides, have extensive pharmaceutical applications due to their unique truncated cone-shaped structure with a hydrophilic outer surface and a hydrophobic cavity, which enables them to form non-covalent host-guest inclusion complexes in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance the solubility, stability and bioavailability of numerous drug molecules. As a result, cyclodextrins are mostly considered as inert carriers during their medical application, while their ability to interact not only with small molecules but also with lipids and proteins is largely neglected. By forming inclusion complexes with cholesterol, cyclodextrins deplete cholesterol from cellular membranes and thereby influence protein function indirectly through alterations in biophysical properties and lateral heterogeneity of bilayers. In this review, we summarize the general chemical principles of direct cyclodextrin-protein interactions and highlight, through relevant examples, how these interactions can modify protein functions in vivo, which, despite their huge potential, have been completely unexploited in therapy so far. Finally, we give a brief overview of disorders such as Niemann-Pick type C disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, in which cyclodextrins already have or could have the potential to be active therapeutic agents due to their cholesterol-complexing or direct protein-targeting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R & D Laboratory Ltd., H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Florina Zakany
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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431
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Kawaguchi K, Nagao H, Shindou H, Noguchi H. Conformations of Three Types of Ultra-Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Multicomponent Lipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9316-9324. [PMID: 36334092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-long-chain fatty acids (ULCFAs) are biosynthesized in certain types of tissues, but their biological roles remain unknown. Here, we report how the conformation of ULCFAs depends on the length and unsaturated-bond ratio of the ultra-long chains and the composition of the host bilayer membrane using molecular dynamics simulations. The ultra-long chain of ULCFAs flips between the two leaflets and fluctuates among three conformations: elongated, L-shaped, and turned. Furthermore, we found that the saturated ultra-long chain exhibited an elongated conformation more frequently than the unsaturated chain. In addition, the truncation of the ultra-long chain at C26 had little effect on the remaining ULCFAs. ULCFAs respond to lipid-density differences in the two leaflets, and the ratio of the elongated and turned conformations changed to reduce this difference. However, in cholesterol-containing membranes, ULCFAs exhibit no density difference after the flip-flop of cholesterol removes the difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutomo Kawaguchi
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hidemi Nagao
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8655, Japan.,Department of Medical Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Noguchi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa277-8581, Chiba, Japan
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432
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Kordyum EL, Artemenko OA, Hasenstein KH. Lipid Rafts and Plant Gravisensitivity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1809. [PMID: 36362962 PMCID: PMC9695138 DOI: 10.3390/life12111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity to include plants as a component of a Bioregenerative Life Support System leads to investigations to optimize plant growth facilities as well as a better understanding of the plant cell membrane and its numerous activities in the signaling, transport, and sensing of gravity, drought, and other stressors. The cell membrane participates in numerous processes, including endo- and exocytosis and cell division, and is involved in the response to external stimuli. Variable but stabilized microdomains form in membranes that include specific lipids and proteins that became known as (detergent-resistant) membrane microdomains, or lipid rafts with various subclassifications. The composition, especially the sterol-dependent recruitment of specific proteins affects endo- and exo-membrane domains as well as plasmodesmata. The enhanced saturated fatty acid content in lipid rafts after clinorotation suggests increased rigidity and reduced membrane permeability as a primary response to abiotic and mechanical stress. These results can also be obtained with lipid-sensitive stains. The linkage of the CM to the cytoskeleton via rafts is part of the complex interactions between lipid microdomains, mechanosensitive ion channels, and the organization of the cytoskeleton. These intricately linked structures and functions provide multiple future research directions to elucidate the role of lipid rafts in physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Kordyum
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Botany NASU, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga A. Artemenko
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Botany NASU, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Karl H. Hasenstein
- Biology Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, USA
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433
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Agrawal I, Lim YS, Ng SY, Ling SC. Deciphering lipid dysregulation in ALS: from mechanisms to translational medicine. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:48. [DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLipids, defined by low solubility in water and high solubility in nonpolar solvents, can be classified into fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols. Lipids not only regulate integrity and fluidity of biological membranes, but also serve as energy storage and bioactive molecules for signaling. Causal mutations in SPTLC1 (serine palmitoyltransferase long chain subunit 1) gene within the lipogenic pathway have been identified in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a paralytic and fatal motor neuron disease. Furthermore, lipid dysmetabolism within the central nervous system and circulation is associated with ALS. Here, we aim to delineate the diverse roles of different lipid classes and understand how lipid dysmetabolism may contribute to ALS pathogenesis. Among the different lipids, accumulation of ceramides, arachidonic acid, and lysophosphatidylcholine is commonly emerging as detrimental to motor neurons. We end with exploring the potential ALS therapeutics by reducing these toxic lipids.
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434
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Paul T, Saha J. Domain formation in model lipid–cholesterol liquid-crystalline aggregation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2134567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Paul
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - J. Saha
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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435
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Neonatal hypoxia ischemia redistributes L1 cell adhesion molecule into rat cerebellar lipid rafts. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1325-1331. [PMID: 35152267 PMCID: PMC9372221 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating disease with lifelong disabilities. Hypothermia is currently the only treatment. At term, the neonatal cerebellum may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of HIE. At this time, many developmental processes depend on lipid raft function. These microdomains of the plasma membrane are critical for cellular signaling and axon extension. We hypothesized that HIE alters the protein content of lipid rafts in the cerebellum. METHODS Postnatal day (PN) 10 animals, considered human term equivalent, underwent hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury by a right carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia. For some animals, LPS was administered on PN7, and hypothermia (HT) was conducted for 4 h post-hypoxia. Lipid rafts were isolated from the right and left cerebella. The percent of total L1 cell adhesion molecule in lipid rafts was determined 4 and 72 h after hypoxia. RESULTS No sex differences were found. HI alone caused significant increases in the percent of L1 in lipid rafts which persisted until 72 h in the right but not the left cerebellum. A small but significant effect of LPS was detected in the left cerebellum 72 h after HI. Hypothermia had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Lipid rafts may be a new target for interventions of HIE. IMPACT This article investigates the effect of neonatal exposure to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) on the distribution of membrane proteins in the cerebellum. This article explores the effectiveness of hypothermia as a prevention for the harmful effects of HIE on membrane protein distribution. This article shows an area of potential detriment secondary to HIE that persists with current treatments, and explores ideas for new treatments.
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436
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Vallés AS, Barrantes FJ. The synaptic lipidome in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184033. [PMID: 35964712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adequate homeostasis of lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks in our organism, and the brain, with its uniquely high energetic requirements, posesses singular characteristics. Some of these are related to its extraordinary dotation of synapses, the specialized subcelluar structures where signal transmission between neurons occurs in the central nervous system. The post-synaptic compartment of excitatory synapses, the dendritic spine, harbors key molecules involved in neurotransmission tightly packed within a minute volume of a few femtoliters. The spine is further compartmentalized into nanodomains that facilitate the execution of temporo-spatially separate functions in the synapse. Lipids play important roles in this structural and functional compartmentalization and in mechanisms that impact on synaptic transmission. This review analyzes the structural and dynamic processes involving lipids at the synapse, highlighting the importance of their homeostatic balance for the physiology of this complex and highly specialized structure, and underscoring the pathologies associated with disbalances of lipid metabolism, particularly in the perinatal and late adulthood periods of life. Although small variations of the lipid profile in the brain take place throughout the adult lifespan, the pathophysiological consequences are clinically manifested mostly during late adulthood. Disturbances in lipid homeostasis in the perinatal period leads to alterations during nervous system development, while in late adulthood they favor the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Vallés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (UNS-CONICET), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Francisco J Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), UCA-CONICET, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina.
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437
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Targeting the cholesterol-RORα/γ axis inhibits colorectal cancer progression through degrading c-myc. Oncogene 2022; 41:5266-5278. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDysregulated cholesterol metabolism is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the usage of cholesterol-lowering agents seemed to have no benefit in CRC patients. In this study, we focused on the cholesterol-nuclear receptors (NRs) axis as a strategy. Cholesterol and its derivatives work as ligands for different nuclear receptors, thus promoting cancer progression. The key NR downstream of cholesterol in CRC is unknown. Here, we treated CRC cells with a cholesterol-lowering agent and lipoprotein-depleted conditioned medium, and then detected the change of the putative NRs. The results revealed that RORα/γ (Retinoic acid receptor-related Orphan Receptor α/γ) levels exhibited the most obvious increases in CRC cells subjected them to cholesterol deprivation. RORα/γ agonists significantly inhibited CRC cells proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. Also, RORα/γ overexpression repressed CRC cells proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo and RORα/γ knockdown promoted it. Mechanistically, RORα/γ agonists promoted c-myc degradation by activating the transcription of the ubiquitinase NEDD4. Intriguingly, the combination of RORα/γ agonists and atorvastatin had a synergistic effect on inhibiting CRC cells. These findings demonstrate that the cholesterol- RORα/γ axis is important for maintaining c-myc protein levels. Combination therapy with atorvastatin and RORα/γ agonist is a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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438
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Using Alphafold2 to Predict the Structure of the Gp5/M Dimer of Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113209. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is a positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Arteriviridae. The Gp5/M dimer, the major component of the viral envelope, is required for virus budding and is an antibody target. We used alphafold2, an artificial-intelligence-based system, to predict a credible structure of Gp5/M. The short disulfide-linked ectodomains lie flat on the membrane, with the exception of the erected N-terminal helix of Gp5, which contains the antibody epitopes and a hypervariable region with a changing number of carbohydrates. The core of the dimer consists of six curved and tilted transmembrane helices, and three are from each protein. The third transmembrane regions extend into the cytoplasm as amphiphilic helices containing the acylation sites. The endodomains of Gp5 and M are composed of seven β-strands from each protein, which interact via β-strand seven. The area under the membrane forms an open cavity with a positive surface charge. The M and Orf3a proteins of coronaviruses have a similar structure, suggesting that all four proteins are derived from the same ancestral gene. Orf3a, like Gp5/M, is acylated at membrane-proximal cysteines. The role of Gp5/M during virus replication is discussed, in particular the mechanisms of virus budding and models of antibody-dependent virus neutralization.
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439
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Liu Y, Zheng X, Guan D, Jiang X, Hu G. Heterogeneous Nanostructures Cause Anomalous Diffusion in Lipid Monolayers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16054-16066. [PMID: 36149751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion and mobility in biomembranes are crucial for various cell functions; however, the mechanisms involved in such processes remain ambiguous due to the complex membrane structures. Herein, we investigate how the heterogeneous nanostructures cause anomalous diffusion in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayers. By identifying the existence of condensed nanodomains and clarifying their impact, our findings renew the understanding of the hydrodynamic description and the statistical feature of the diffusion in the monolayers. We find a universal characteristic of the multistage mean square displacement (MSD) with an intermediate crossover, signifying two membrane viscosities at different scales: the short-time scale describes the local fluidity and is independent of the nominal DPPC density, and the long-time scale represents the global continuous phase taking into account nanodomains and increases with DPPC density. The constant short-time viscosity reflects a dynamic equilibrium between the continuous fluid phase and the condensed nanodomains in the molecular scale. Notably, we observe an "anomalous yet Brownian" phenomenon exhibiting an unusual double-peaked displacement probability distribution (DPD), which is attributed to the net dipolar repulsive force from the heterogeneous nanodomains around the microdomains. The findings provide physical insights into the transport of membrane inclusions that underpin various biological functions and drug deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Scientific Research Centre for Fluidized Mining of Deep Underground Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xikai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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440
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Valdez AF, Miranda DZ, Guimarães AJ, Nimrichter L, Nosanchuk JD. Pathogenicity & Virulence of Histoplasma capsulatum - a multifaceted organism adapted to intracellular environments. Virulence 2022; 13:1900-1919. [PMID: 36266777 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2137987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Although healthy individuals can develop histoplasmosis, the disease is particularly life-threatening in immunocompromised patients, with a wide range of clinical manifestations depending on the inoculum and virulence of the infecting strain. In this review, we discuss the established virulence factors and pathogenesis traits that make H. capsulatum highly adapted to a wide variety of hosts, including mammals. Understanding and integrating these mechanisms is a key step towards devising new preventative and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro F Valdez
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Zamith Miranda
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Allan Jefferson Guimarães
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia - MIP, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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441
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Lee HW, Pati TK, Lee IJ, Lee JM, Kim BR, Kwak SY, Kim HM. In Vivo Simultaneous Imaging of Plasma Membrane and Lipid Droplets in Hepatic Steatosis using Red-Emissive Two-Photon Probes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15100-15107. [PMID: 36265084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane, which is a phosphoglyceride bilayer at the outer edge of the cell, plays diverse and important roles in biological systems. Visualization of the plasma membrane in live samples is important for various applications in biological functions. We developed an amphiphilic two-photon (TP) fluorescent probe (THQ-Mem) to selectively monitor the plasma membrane in live samples. This probe exhibited red emission (620-700 nm), large TP absorption cross sections (δmax > 790 GM), and high selectivity to the plasma membrane. In cultured cells and in vivo hepatic tissue imaging, THQ-Mem showed bright TP-excited fluorescence (TPEF) and remarkable selectivity for the plasma membrane. Furthermore, simultaneous in vivo imaging with THQ-Mem and a TP lipid droplet probe could serve as an efficient tool to monitor morphological and physiological changes in the plasma membrane and lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Tanmay Kumar Pati
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - In-Jeong Lee
- Three-Dimensional Immune System Imaging Core Facility, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jeong-Mi Lee
- Three-Dimensional Immune System Imaging Core Facility, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Bo Ra Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kwak
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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442
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Hu B, Zou T, Qin W, Shen X, Su Y, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Sun H, Zheng Y, Wang CQ, Wang Z, Li TE, Wang S, Zhu L, Wang X, Fu Y, Ren X, Dong Q, Qin LX. Inhibition of EGFR Overcomes Acquired Lenvatinib Resistance Driven by STAT3-ABCB1 Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3845-3857. [PMID: 36066408 PMCID: PMC9574378 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lenvatinib is an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases that was recently authorized for first-line treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical benefits derived from lenvatinib are limited, highlighting the urgent need to understand mechanisms of resistance. We report here that HCC cells develop resistance to lenvatinib by activating EGFR and stimulating the EGFR-STAT3-ABCB1 axis. Lenvatinib resistance was accompanied by aberrant cholesterol metabolism and lipid raft activation. ABCB1 was activated by EGFR in a lipid raft-dependent manner, which significantly enhanced the exocytosis of lenvatinib to mediate resistance. Furthermore, clinical specimens of HCC showed a correlation between the activation of the EGFR-STAT3-ABCB1 pathway and lenvatinib response. Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor that has also been shown to inhibit ABCB1, suppressed lenvatinib exocytosis, and combined treatment with lenvatinib and erlotinib demonstrated a significant synergistic effect on HCC both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings characterize a mechanism of resistance to a first-line treatment for HCC and offer a practical means to circumvent resistance and treat the disease. SIGNIFICANCE HCC cells acquire resistance to lenvatinib by activating the EGFR-STAT3-ABCB1 pathway, identifying combined treatment with erlotinib as a strategy to overcome acquired resistance and improve the clinical benefit of lenvatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghan Su
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoting Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Qun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-En Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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443
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Roy A, Byrne S, Sarangi NK, Murphy PV, Keyes TE. A cell free biomembrane platform for multimodal study of influenza virus hemagglutinin and for evaluation of entry-inhibitors against hemagglutinin. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1017338. [PMID: 36310596 PMCID: PMC9608630 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1017338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal periodic pandemics and epidemics caused by Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. They are frequent and unpredictable in severity so there is a need for biophysical platforms that can be used to provide both mechanistic insights into influenza virulence and its potential treatment by anti-IAV agents. Host membrane viral association through the glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) of IAVs is one of the primary steps in infection. HA is thus a potential target for drug discovery and development against influenza. Deconvolution of the multivalent interactions of HA at the interfaces of the host cell membrane can help unravel therapeutic targets. In this contribution, we reported the effect of a multivalent HA glycoprotein association on various glycosphingolipid receptors (GD1a, GM3, GM1) doped asymmetrically into an artificial host membrane spanned across an aqueous filled microcavity array. The extent of HA association and its impact on membrane resistance, capacitance, and diffusivity was measured using highly sensitive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS). Furthermore, we investigated the inhibition of the influenza HA glycoprotein association with the host mimetic surface by natural and synthetic sialic acid-based inhibitors (sialic acid, Siaα2,3-GalOMe, FB127, 3-sialyl lactose) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and observe that while all inhibit, they do not prevent host binding. Overall, the work demonstrates the platform provides a label-free screening platform for the biophysical evaluation of new inhibitors in the development of potential therapeutics for IAV infection prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvester Byrne
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nirod Kumar Sarangi
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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444
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DiPasquale M, Nguyen MHL, Castillo SR, Dib IJ, Kelley EG, Marquardt D. Vitamin E Does Not Disturb Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Lipid Domains. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2366-2376. [PMID: 36227768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The function of vitamin E in biomembranes remains a prominent topic of discussion. As its limitations as an antioxidant persist and novel functions are discovered, our understanding of the role of vitamin E becomes increasingly enigmatic. As a group of lipophilic molecules (tocopherols and tocotrienols), vitamin E has been shown to influence the properties of its host membrane, and a wealth of research has connected vitamin E to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) lipids. Here, we use contrast-matched small-angle neutron scattering and differential scanning calorimetry to integrate these fields by examining the influence of vitamin E on lipid domain stability in PUFA-based lipid mixtures. The influence of α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and α-tocopherylquinone on the lateral organization of a 1:1 lipid mixture of saturated distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and polyunsaturated palmitoyl-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine (PLiPC) with cholesterol provides a complement to our growing understanding of the influence of tocopherol on lipid phases. Characterization of domain melting suggests a slight depression in the transition temperature and a decrease in transition cooperativity. Tocopherol concentrations that are an order of magnitude higher than anticipated physiological concentrations (2 mol percent) do not significantly perturb lipid domains; however, addition of 10 mol percent is able to destabilize domains and promote lipid mixing. In contrast to this behavior, increasing concentrations of the oxidized product of α-tocopherol (α-tocopherylquinone) induces a proportional increase in domain stabilization. We speculate how the contrasting effect of the oxidized product may supplement the antioxidant response of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell DiPasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, OntarioN9B3P4, Canada
| | - Michael H L Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, OntarioN9B3P4, Canada
| | - Stuart R Castillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, OntarioN9B3P4, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Dib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, OntarioN9B3P4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth G Kelley
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland20878, United States
| | - Drew Marquardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, OntarioN9B3P4, Canada.,Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, OntarioN9B3P4, Canada
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445
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Ginsenosides Rg1 and CK Control Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma Cells by Modulating Cholesterol Efflux and Lipid Raft Distribution. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1897508. [PMID: 36276866 PMCID: PMC9583863 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1897508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Cholesterol efflux and lipid raft redistribution contribute to attenuating temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma. Ginsenosides are demonstrated to modify cholesterol metabolism and lipid raft distribution, and the brain distribution and central nervous effects of whose isoforms Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, and CK have been identified. This study aimed to reveal the role of Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, and CK in the drug resistance of glioblastoma. Methods The effects of ginsenosides on cholesterol metabolism in temozolomide-resistant U251 glioblastoma cells were evaluated by cholesterol content and efflux assay, confocal laser, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. The roles of cholesterol and ginsenosides in temozolomide resistance were studied by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Western blot, and the mechanism of ginsenosides attenuating resistance was confirmed by inhibitors. Results Cholesterol protected the survival of resistant U251 cells from temozolomide stress and upregulated multidrug resistance protein (MDR)1, which localizes in lipid rafts. Resistant cells tended to store cholesterol intracellularly, with limited cholesterol efflux and LXRα expression to maintain the distribution of lipid rafts. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, and CK reduced intracellular cholesterol and promoted cholesterol efflux in resistant cells, causing lipid rafts to accumulate in specific regions of the membrane. Rg1 and CK also upregulated LXRα expression and increased the cytotoxicity of temozolomide in the presence of cholesterol. We further found that cholesterol efflux induction, lipid raft redistribution, and temozolomide sensitization by Rg1 and CK were induced by stimulating LXRα. Conclusions Ginsenosides Rg1 and CK controlled temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma cells by regulating cholesterol metabolism, which are potential synergists for temozolomide therapy.
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446
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Selyutina OY, Babailov SP. Holmium Complex with Phospholipids as 1H NMR Relaxational Sensor of Temperature and Viscosity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196691. [PMID: 36235229 PMCID: PMC9573588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of Ho-phospholipid complexes to changes in the membrane viscosity of liposomes was checked. An increase in viscosity was observed for DPPC and DMPC near the phase-transition temperature. Ho-phospholipid complexes could be used as sensors of local membrane viscosity in NMR and MRI technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu. Selyutina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Kutateladze St. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergei P. Babailov
- A. V. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Av. Lavrentyev 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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447
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Zeng EZ, Chen I, Chen X, Yuan X. Exosomal MicroRNAs as Novel Cell-Free Therapeutics in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2485. [PMID: 36289747 PMCID: PMC9598823 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles (50-1000 nm) that can be secreted by all cell types. Microvesicles and exosomes are the major subsets of EVs that exhibit the cell-cell communications and pathological functions of human tissues, and their therapeutic potentials. To further understand and engineer EVs for cell-free therapy, current developments in EV biogenesis and secretion pathways are discussed to illustrate the remaining gaps in EV biology. Specifically, microRNAs (miRs), as a major EV cargo that exert promising therapeutic results, are discussed in the context of biological origins, sorting and packing, and preclinical applications in disease progression and treatments. Moreover, advanced detection and engineering strategies for exosomal miRs are also reviewed. This article provides sufficient information and knowledge for the future design of EVs with specific miRs or protein cargos in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Z. Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Isabelle Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Los Altos High School, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 95616, USA
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448
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Inhibitory and Injury-Protection Effects of O-Glycan on Gastric Epithelial Cells Infected with Helicobacter pylori. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0039322. [PMID: 36190255 PMCID: PMC9584294 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00393-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important pathogen that can cause gastric cancer. Multiple adhesion molecules mediated H. pylori adherence to cells is the initial step in the infection of host cells. H. pylori cholesterol-α-glucosyltransferase (CGT) recognizes and extracts cholesterol from cell membranes to destroy lipid raft structure, further promotes H. pylori adhesion to gastric epithelial cells. O-Glycan, a substance secreted by the deep gastric mucosa, can competitively inhibit CGT activity and may serve as an important factor to prevent H. pylori colonization in the deep gastric mucosa. However, the inhibitory and injury-protection effects of O-Glycan against H. pylori infection has not been well investigated. In this study, we found that O-Glycan significantly inhibited the relative urease content in the coinfection system. In the presence of O-glycan, the injury of GES-1 cells in H. pylori persistent infection model was attenuated and the cell viability was increased. We use fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B (FITC-CTX-B) to detect lipid rafts on gastric epithelial cells and observed that O-glycan can protect H. pylori from damaging lipid raft structures on cell membranes. In addition, transcriptome data showed that O-glycan treatment significantly reduced the activation of inflammatory cancer transformation pathway caused by H. pylori infection. Our results suggest that O-Glycan is able to inhibit H. pylori persistent infection of gastric epithelial cells, reduce the damage caused by H. pylori, and could serve as a potential medicine to treat patients infected with H. pylori.
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449
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Li GY, Liu XJ, Fang GQ, Yang J, Zhan S, Li MW. Functional characterization of a low-density lipoprotein receptor in the lepidopteran model, Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1262-1274. [PMID: 35411705 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growth and development of metabolous insects are mainly regulated by ecdysone and juvenile hormone. As a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family, megalin (mgl) is involved in the lipoprotein transport of cholesterol which is an essential precursor for the synthesis of ecdysone. Despite extensive studies in mammals, the function of mgl is still largely unknown in insects. In this study, we characterize the function of mgl in the silkworm Bombyx mori, the model species of Lepidoptera. We find that mgl is broadly present in the genomes of lepidopteran species and evolved with divergence between lepidopterans and Drosophila. The expression pattern suggests a ubiquitous role of mgl in the growth and development in the silkworm. We further perform clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated protein 9-based mutagenesis of Bmmgl and find that both the development and the silk production of the silkworm are seriously affected by the disruption of Bmmgl. Our results not only explore the function of mgl in Lepidoptera but also add to our understanding of how cholesterol metabolism is involved in the development of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang-Qi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Wang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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450
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Tran PD, Blanpied TA, Atzberger PJ. Protein drift-diffusion dynamics and phase separation in curved cell membranes and dendritic spines: Hybrid discrete-continuum methods. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:044402. [PMID: 36397472 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.044402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We develop methods for investigating protein drift-diffusion dynamics in heterogeneous cell membranes and the roles played by geometry, diffusion, chemical kinetics, and phase separation. Our hybrid stochastic numerical methods combine discrete particle descriptions with continuum-level models for tracking the individual protein drift-diffusion dynamics when coupled to continuum fields. We show how our approaches can be used to investigate phenomena motivated by protein kinetics within dendritic spines. The spine geometry is hypothesized to play an important biological role regulating synaptic strength, protein kinetics, and self-assembly of clusters. We perform simulation studies for model spine geometries varying the neck size to investigate how phase-separation and protein organization is influenced by different shapes. We also show how our methods can be used to study the roles of geometry in reaction-diffusion systems including Turing instabilities. Our methods provide general approaches for investigating protein kinetics and drift-diffusion dynamics within curved membrane structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Tran
- Physics, College of Creative Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-3080, USA
| | - Thomas A Blanpied
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Paul J Atzberger
- Department of Mathematics and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-3080, USA
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