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The Effect of Superoxide Dismutase on Inhibition of Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Sepsis Based on Kidney Tissue Histology and Murine Sepsis Score. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:1827296. [PMID: 34955689 PMCID: PMC8702335 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1827296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes contributing to the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Oxidative stress can be used as the main approach against sepsis-induced AKI. One of the primary antioxidants that plays a role in warding off oxidative stress is superoxide dismutase (SOD). This research aimed to observe the effect of antioxidant SOD in inhibiting sepsis in AKI based on kidney tissue histopathology. The research method was an experimental laboratory with a post-test-only control group design. Twenty-five adult male rats aged 12–16 weeks, weighing between 200 and 250 g, were randomly divided into five groups: Group I, as a positive control, where rats were injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS); Group II, as a negative control; Group III, as treatment 1, where rats were injected with LPS and administered orally with SOD (Glisodin®) 250 IU daily; Group IV, as treatment 2, where rats were injected with LPS and administered orally with SOD (Glisodin®) 500 IU daily; and Group V, as treatment 2, where rats were injected with LPS and administered orally with SOD (Glisodin®) 1000 IU daily. Rats were administered with SOD (Glisodin®) by oral gavage with a flexible feeding tube for 16 weeks, given once daily in the morning, and then injected with LPS of 10 mg/kg body weight. Glisodin SOD had a significant effect on murine sepsis score (MSS). MSS influenced the tubular injury score linearly. We conclude that the optimal dose of SOD at 1000 IU for inhibiting sepsis-induced AKI incidence is compared to SOD at a dose of 250 and 500 IU. The antioxidant effect of SOD can prevent sepsis-induced AKI with oxidative stress events.
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Kara E, Var A, Vatansever S, Cilaker S, Kaya Y, Coşkun T. Effects of rofecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on endothelial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and hepatocyte morphology in rats with sepsis-induced liver damage. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2014; 65:278-91. [PMID: 24672083 DOI: 10.1016/s0011-393x(04)80087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis remains a difficult problem for clinicians, with its systemic effects and high morbidity and mortality rates. The roles of oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and lipid peroxidation in sepsis-induced organ damage are being investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition on tissue lipid peroxidation, endothelial dysfunction, and hepatic cell morphology in a rat model of sepsis. METHODS Thirty rats with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture were divided equally into 3 groups: treatment group (rofecoxib 1 mg/kg PO), control group (saline 1 mL PO), and sham group (sham surgery only). All the rats were sacrificed 1 day after sepsis induction. The livers were removed using a median laparotomy for histopathologic and biochemical analysis. RESULTS Histomorphologic hepatic damage and lipid peroxidation were significantly reduced in the rofecoxib treatment group compared with the control group (P < 0.05 and P = 0.001, respectively). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase staining of liver samples was statistically significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with the control group (both, P < 0.001). The hepatic nitric oxide level and malonyldialdehyde activity decreased significantly (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) in the rofecoxib group compared with the control group. Hepatic myeloperoxidase activity was similar between the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSION Further investigation of selective COX-2 inhibition as an alternate therapeutic choice for sepsis-induced hepatic damage should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eray Kara
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Celal Bayar, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Var
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Celal Bayar, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Seda Vatansever
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Celal Bayar, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Serap Cilaker
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Celal Bayar, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Kaya
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Celal Bayar, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Teoman Coşkun
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Celal Bayar, Manisa, Turkey
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Zolali E, Hamishehkar H, Maleki-Dizaji N, Majidi Zolbanin N, Ghavimi H, Kouhsoltani M, Asgharian P. Selenium effect on oxidative stress factors in septic rats. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:289-93. [PMID: 24754014 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe oxidative stress is an important event that occurs in patients with sepsis. The body has extensive and multiple defense mechanisms against the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during inflammation and sepsis. One of these mechanisms includes a group of enzymes that utilize selenium as their cofactor. The purpose of this study is investigating of Selenium effect on oxidative stress factors in animal model of sepsis. METHODS Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method. 30 Male Wistar rats were divided into following groups: sham group; CLP group; 100 μg/kg Selenium- treated CLP group. 12 hours after inducing sepsis animals were killed and lungs were removed. One of the lungs was frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at -70°C for enzymatic activity analysis and the other was kept in formalin 10% until tissue section preparation performed for histopathological studies. RESULTS The Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was decreased in Selenium- treated CLP group. Inflammation score of lung tissue was lowered in Selenium- treated CLP group, but it wasn't statically significant. Level of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was higher in CLP and Selenium- treated CLP groups. CONCLUSION It seems that Selenium has protective effect on lung inflammation during acute lung injury. Also it may improve some stress oxidative profile during CLP model of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Zolali
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Clinical Pharmacy (Pharmacotherapy) Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Maleki-Dizaji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naime Majidi Zolbanin
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghavimi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kouhsoltani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parina Asgharian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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THE EFFECT OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE OVEREXPRESSION ON HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS AND WHOLE-BODY GLUCOSE OXIDATION DURING RESUSCITATED NORMOTENSIVE MURINE SEPTIC SHOCK. Shock 2008; 30:578-84. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31816a6e0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zapelini PH, Rezin GT, Cardoso MR, Ritter C, Klamt F, Moreira JCF, Streck EL, Dal-Pizzol F. Antioxidant treatment reverses mitochondrial dysfunction in a sepsis animal model. Mitochondrion 2008; 8:211-8. [PMID: 18417427 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from the literature has demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the development of multiple organ failure and septic shock. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The hypothesis of cytopathic hypoxia postulates that impairment in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reduces aerobic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and potentially induces MODS. In this work, our aim was to evaluate the effects of antioxidants on oxidative damage and energy metabolism parameters in liver of rats submitted to a cecal ligation puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. We speculate that CLP induces a sequence of events that culminate with liver cells death. We propose that mitochondrial superoxide production induces mitochondrial oxidative damage, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, swelling and release of cytochrome c. These events occur in early sepsis development, as reported in the present work. Liver cells necrosis only occurs 24 h after CLP, but all other events occur earlier (6-12 h). Moreover, we showed that antioxidants may prevent oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in liver of rats after CLP. In another set of experiments, we verified that L-NAME administration did not reverse increase of superoxide anion production, TBARS formation, protein carbonylation, mitochondrial swelling, increased serum AST or inhibition on complex IV activity caused by CLP. Considering that this drug inhibits nitric oxide synthase and that no parameter was reversed by its administration, we suggest that all the events reported in this study are not mediated by nitric oxide. In conclusion, although it is difficult to extrapolate our findings to human, it is tempting to speculate that antioxidants may be used in the future in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula H Zapelini
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Criciúma 88006-000, SC, Brazil
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Crimi E, Sica V, Slutsky AS, Zhang H, Williams-Ignarro S, Ignarro LJ, Napoli C. Role of oxidative stress in experimental sepsis and multisystem organ dysfunction. Free Radic Res 2006; 40:665-72. [PMID: 16983993 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600669612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Massive increase in radical species can lead to oxidative stress, promoting cell injury and death. This review focuses on experimental evidence of oxidative stress in critical illnesses, sepsis and multisystem organ dysfunction. Oxidative stress could negatively affect organ injury and thus overall survival of experimental models. Based on this experimental evidence, we could improve the rationale of supplementation of antioxidants alone or in combination with standard therapies aimed to reduce oxidative stress as novel adjunct treatment in critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Crimi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
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Cui X, Parent C, Macarthur H, Ochs SD, Gerstenberg E, Solomon S, Fitz Y, Danner RL, Banks SM, Natanson C, Salvemini D, Eichacker PQ. Severity of sepsis alters the effects of superoxide anion inhibition in a rat sepsis model. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004; 97:1349-57. [PMID: 15169752 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01161.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous analysis showed that selective inhibitors of five different host inflammatory mediators administered for sepsis, although beneficial with severe sepsis and high-control mortality rates, were ineffective or harmful with less severe sepsis. We hypothesized that severity of sepsis would also influence inhibition of superoxide anion, another inflammatory mediator. To test this, 6-h infusions of M40401, a selective SOD mimetic, or placebo were given to antibiotic-treated rats ( n = 547) starting 3 h after challenge with differing doses of intravenous Escherichia coli designed to produce low- or high-control mortality rates. There was a positive and significant ( P = 0.0008) relationship between the efficacy of M40401 on survival rate and control mortality rates. M40401 increased or decreased the log (odds ratio of survival) (means ± SE), dependent on whether control mortality rates were greater or less than the median (66%) (+0.19 ± 0.12 vs. −0.25 ± 0.10, P = 0.01). In a subset of animals examined ( n = 152) at 9 h after E. coli challenge, M40401 increased (mean effect ± SE compared with control) mean arterial blood pressure (8 ± 5 mmHg) and decreased platelets (−37 ± 22 cells × 103/ml) with high-control mortality rates but had opposing effects on each parameter (−3 ± 3 mmHg and 28 ± 19 cells × 103/ml, respectively) with low rates ( P ≤ 0.05 for the differing effects of M40401 on each parameter with high- vs. low-control mortality rates). A metaregression analysis of published preclinical sepsis studies testing SOD preparations and SOD mimetics showed that most (16 of 18) had control mortality rates >66%. However, across experiments from published studies, these agents were less beneficial as control mortality rate decreased ( P = 0.03) in a relationship not altered ( P = not significant) by other variables associated with septic challenge or regimen of treatment and which was similar, compared with experiments with M40401 ( P = not significant). Thus, in these preclinical sepsis models, possibly related to divergent effects on vascular function, inhibition of superoxide anion improved survival with more severe sepsis and high-control mortality rates but was less effective or harmful with less severe sepsis. Extrapolated clinically, inhibition of superoxide anion may be most efficacious in septic patients with severe sepsis and a high risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhong Cui
- Critical Care Medicine Dept., National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 7D43, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ritter C, Andrades M, Frota Júnior MLC, Bonatto F, Pinho RA, Polydoro M, Klamt F, Pinheiro CTS, Menna-Barreto SS, Moreira JCF, Dal-Pizzol F. Oxidative parameters and mortality in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and perforation. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:1782-9. [PMID: 12783160 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-003-1789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2002] [Accepted: 04/08/2003] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed parameters of free radical damage to biomolecules, mitochondrial superoxide production, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities and their relationship to sepsis mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective animal study in a university laboratory for experimental. SUBJECTS 140 male Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS The animals were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated (n=20), cecal ligation and perforation resuscitated with normal saline (n=40), and cecal ligation and perforation with normal saline plus antibiotics (n=40). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Blood samples were collected from all animals 3, 12, and 24 h after CLP through a jugular catheter inserted before CLP. Rats were evaluated during 5 days after the intervention. Nonsurvivor animals were grouped according to the duration between sepsis induction and death, and oxidative parameters were compared to survivors and sham-operated. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased in nonsurvivor septic rats and were predictive of mortality. We demonstrated that there is a different modulation of superoxide dismutase and catalase in nonsurvivors during the course of septic response. There was a marked increase in superoxide dismutase activity without a proportional increase in catalase activity in nonsurvivors. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of plasma superoxide dismutase as an earlier marker of mortality. Ours results might help to clarify an important aspect of oxidative response to sepsis, i.e., an increase in superoxide dismutase activity without a proportional increase in catalase activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Ritter
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, Porto Alegre, 90035-003 Brazil
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Wu F, Wilson JX, Tyml K. Ascorbate inhibits iNOS expression and preserves vasoconstrictor responsiveness in skeletal muscle of septic mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003; 285:R50-6. [PMID: 12637347 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00564.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in blood vessels contributes to the vascular hyporeactivity characteristic of sepsis. Our previous work demonstrated in vitro that ascorbate inhibits iNOS expression in lipopolysaccharide- and interferon-gamma-stimulated skeletal muscle endothelial cells (ECs) through an antioxidant mechanism. The present study evaluated in vivo the hypothesis that administration of ascorbate decreases oxidative stress, prevents endothelial iNOS expression, and improves vascular reactivity in septic skeletal muscle. Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Plasma nitrite and nitrate (NOx) levels were elevated by 6 h after CLP. Prior ascorbate bolus injection (200 mg/kg body wt iv) blocked the elevation of plasma NOx and abolished the expression of iNOS protein and activity in the septic skeletal muscle. We also demonstrated that iNOS mRNA determined by RT-PCR was induced in the microvascular ECs of the muscle at 3 h after CLP. This induction was attenuated by prior ascorbate administration. Ascorbate inhibition of iNOS expression was associated with decreased oxidant levels in the septic muscle. Moreover, ascorbate administration restored partially the baseline arterial pressure and preserved completely the microvascular constriction and arterial pressure responses to norepinephrine in CLP mice. These results suggest that early administration of ascorbate may be a valuable adjunct treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6C 5C1
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Molnar RG, Wang P, Ayala A, Ganey PE, Roth RA, Chaudry IH. The role of neutrophils in producing hepatocellular dysfunction during the hyperdynamic stage of sepsis in rats. J Surg Res 1997; 73:117-22. [PMID: 9441804 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1997.5216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have shown that hepatocellular function is depressed during the early, hyperdynamic stage of sepsis, the mechanism responsible for this remains unknown. To determine whether neutrophils play any role in producing this depression, hepatocellular function was measured in neutrophil-competent and neutropenic animals subjected to sepsis. Neutropenia was induced by tail vein injection of an immunoglobulin directly against rat neutrophils (anti-neutrophil Ig) at 16 and 2 h prior to the initiation of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP, i.e., a model of polymicrobial sepsis). Neutropenia was confirmed by peripheral blood smears. Neutrophil-competent controls were given nonimmunized Ig before the onset of sepsis. Sham-operated animals received anti-neutrophil Ig or control Ig. Hepatocellular function [i.e., the maximal velocity of indocyanine green clearance (Vmax) and efficiency of the clearance (Km)] was determined by a fiber-optic catheter and in vivo hemoreflectometer at 5 h after CLP (i.e., early, hyperdynamic sepsis) or sham operation. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were also determined. The results indicate that although circulating levels of ALT were not elevated, hepatocellular function was significantly depressed during early sepsis. The depression in Vmax and Km was, however, prevented by neutrophil depletion, suggesting an integral role of the neutrophils in depressing hepatocellular function under such conditions. The results suggest that the prudent modulation of neutrophil function during the early stage of polymicrobial sepsis may be beneficial for preventing or delaying the occurrence of hepatocellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Molnar
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Taniguchi T, Takagi D, Takeyama N, Kitazawa Y, Tanaka T. Platelet size and function in septic rats: changes in the adenylate pool. J Surg Res 1990; 49:400-7. [PMID: 2174092 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(90)90187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were performed in rats. After 4 hr (early sepsis) and 16 hr (late sepsis), platelet morphology and function were studied. At 16 hr, platelet counts for the CLP group were significantly lower than for the sham-operated control group. Low maximum aggregation rates (MAR) and decreased platelet counts were elicited in platelet-rich plasma with 4 M ADP and 2 micrograms/ml collagen. However, with platelet counts equalized, MAR for the CLP group increased significantly, especially after 16 hr. The platelet-large cell rate and platelet distribution width decreased temporarily at 4 hr, then rose significantly at 16 hr. No significant changes were observed in the mean platelet volume after 4 hr, but there were significant increases after 16 hr. Total adenine nucleotide (TAN) levels within the platelets rose significantly in the CLP group, suggesting the appearance during the late sepsis of large, heavy platelets or adenine nucleotide-rich platelets. The platelet adenylate pool was divided into granular and cytoplasmic fractions, respectively characterized by ADP and ATP increases. However, no septicemia-related differences were noted in the degree of binding between goat antirat fibrinogen and platelet surface glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. Internal environment changes in the platelets indicated that during septicemia hyperfunctional or hypersensitive platelets with a latent capacity for active aggregation and release appeared in the circulation. Hypercoagulability in septicemia involves activation of coagulation factors, stimulation of the coagulation cascade, volume changes accompanying increased platelet TAN content, and changes in AN distribution in the two pools. These findings significantly increase our understanding of the transition from the prethrombotic state to thrombosis in septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taniguchi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
This review article describes the cells and the humoral factors of the immune system. It also explains what tests are available to assess the immune functions of patients. Each test listed states the amount of blood needed and the time required to perform the assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Ogle
- Shriners Burns Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Sane AS, Chokshi SA, Barad DP, Shah VC, Mathur V, Kukreti SC. Effect of preoperative stress on serum lipoperoxide levels. Indian J Clin Biochem 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02867647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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