1
|
Kamrath C, Tittel SR, Buchal G, Brämswig S, Preiss E, Göldel JM, Wiegand S, Minden K, Warschburger P, Stahl-Pehe A, Holl RW, Lanzinger S. Psychosocial Burden During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes in Germany and Its Association With Metabolic Control. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:900-907. [PMID: 38323968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the psychosocial burden during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and its association with metabolic control. METHODS Prospective multicenter observational cohort study based on data from the German Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry. Adolescents aged 12-20 years with type 1 diabetes were asked during routine follow-up visits to complete a questionnaire on psychosocial distress and daily use of electronic media during the COVID-19 pandemic from June 2021 to November 2022. Well-being, anxiety, and depression symptoms were assessed using World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), General Anxiety Disorder scale 7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 questionnaires. The impact of mental health symptoms on metabolic control was analyzed by using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for sex, diabetes duration, treatment, socioeconomic deprivation, and immigrant background. RESULTS Six hundred eighty eight adolescents (45.6% females) from 20 diabetes centers participated. Compared with a prepandemic cohort, WHO-5 scores were lower during the COVID-19 pandemic (estimated mean difference -9.6 [95% confidence interval -11.6; -7.6], p < .001), but GAD-7 scores were not different (estimated mean difference 0.6 [95% confidence interval -0.2; 1.5], p = .14). HbA1c was significantly positively associated with GAD-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and negatively associated with WHO-5 scores (all p < .001). Daily electronic media use was positively associated with adjusted mental health symptoms (all p < .01). DISCUSSION Although the overall well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes was reduced during the later phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the additional psychological burden was relatively low. However, mental health symptoms were associated with poorer metabolic control and higher use of electronic media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kamrath
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Sascha R Tittel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, CAQM, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Eva Preiss
- Divison of Pediatric Diabetology, Darmstädter Kinderkliniken Prinzessin Margaret, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julia M Göldel
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center for Social-Pediatric Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Minden
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Program Area Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, German Charité University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine at Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Warschburger
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anna Stahl-Pehe
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, CAQM, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lanzinger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, CAQM, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shoshani A, Kor A. The longitudinal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' internalizing symptoms, substance use, and digital media use. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1583-1595. [PMID: 37540475 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent internalizing symptoms, substance use, and digital media use before and during the pandemic. A nationally representative longitudinal cohort of 3718 Israeli adolescents aged 12-16 at baseline completed measures of internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression, and somatization), the prevalence of substance use (i.e., previous 30-day use of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis), and average daily use of internet/television, video games, and social media. Social support and daily routines were assessed as potential protective factors for mental health. Data were collected in 10 public schools at four measurement points: before the Covid-19 outbreak (September 2019), after the first wave lockdown (May 2020), after the third wave lockdown (May 2021), and after the fifth wave of the pandemic (May 2022). Multi-level mixed models were used to analyze the longitudinal data. The results showed significant increases in internalizing symptoms, substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis), and daily screen time from the start of the study to the 33-month follow-up. Social support and daily routines moderated the increases in internalizing symptoms and digital media use. These findings highlight the need for public and educational mental health services to address the continuing impact of the pandemic on adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Shoshani
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University (IDC Herzliya), P.O.Box 167, 46150, Herzliya, Israel.
| | - Ariel Kor
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University (IDC Herzliya), P.O.Box 167, 46150, Herzliya, Israel
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Descarpentry A, Melchior M, Galera C, Hazo JB, Falissard B, Warszawski J, Davisse-Paturet C, Rouquette A. High screen time and internalizing and externalizing behaviours among children aged 3 to 14 years during the COVID-19 pandemic in France. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1151-1161. [PMID: 37268845 PMCID: PMC10238248 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Children's screen time increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the summer of 2021, we explored the association between high screen time over a period of one year since May 2020 and behavioural problems among children and adolescents. The data were derived from the French EpiCov cohort study, collected in spring 2020, autumn 2020, and spring 2021. Participants (N = 1089) responded to online or telephone interviews about one of their children aged 3 to 14 years. Screen time was categorized as high if the daily mean screen time exceeded recommendations at each collection time. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was completed by parents to identify internalizing (emotional or peer problems) and externalizing (conduct problems or hyperactivity/inattention) behaviours in their children. Among the 1,089 children, 561 (51.5%) were girls, the average age was 8.6 years (SD 3.7). Internalizing behaviours: High screen time was not associated with internalizing behaviours (OR [95% CI] 1.20 [0.90-1.59]) or emotional symptoms (1.00 [0.71-1.41]) while it was associated with peer problems (1.42 [1.04-1.95]). Externalizing behaviours: High screen time was associated with externalizing problems (1.63 [1.01-2.63]) and conduct problems (1.91 [1.15-3.22]) only among older children aged 11 to 14 years. No association with hyperactivity/inattention was found. In a French cohort, exploration of persistent high screen time in the first year of the pandemic and behaviour difficulties in Summer 2021 resulted in mixed findings according to behaviour's type and children's age. These mixed findings warrant further investigation into screen type and leisure/school screen use to enhance future pandemic responses appropriate for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, ERES, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Galera
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U 1219, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Hazo
- DREES-Direction de la Recherche, des Etudes, de l'évaluation et des statistiques, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Josiane Warszawski
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Alexandra Rouquette
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Idoiaga Mondragon N, Eiguren Munitis A, Berasategi Sancho N, Ozamiz Etxebarria N. Drawing the COVID-19 pandemic: how do children incorporate the health crisis and its consequences into their everyday thinking? Psychol Health 2024; 39:379-398. [PMID: 35438017 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2066103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The general objective of this research was to explore how children understand and represent COVID-19 health crisis in their everyday thinking. DESIGN This research is based on a qualitative interpretive research methodology that uses 6-12 years children's drawings from San Sebastian (Basque Country, northern of Spain) to collect data. This technique allows children to visualize how they face this situation through a tool that promotes expression of their feelings and representations. RESULTS A total of 345 drawings were collected, and 949 elements related to the different coded categories were coded. The themes that have arisen were related to symbols of the pandemic (n = 307, 32.34%), emotions (n = 290, 30.55%), actions carried out (n = 258, 27.18%) and socialization (n = 94, 9.90%). No differences by age-range were found. CONCLUSIONS Children have a realistic representation of the COVID-19 virus and its consequences, which closely resembles the representation shown by the media and society. The children show a good understanding of the new measures and social rules associated with the pandemic. They are also very aware of the need to support their emotions by different spheres (family, educational and social context). Alternative play activities and art-based education must be promoted, avoiding the abuse of screens to reinforce their well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Amaia Eiguren Munitis
- Department Didactics and School Organisation, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | | | - Naiara Ozamiz Etxebarria
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Slobodin O, Hetzroni OE, Mandel M, Saad Nuttman S, Gawi Damashi Z, Machluf E, Davidovitch M. Infant screen media and child development: A prospective community study. INFANCY 2024; 29:155-174. [PMID: 38157284 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The current study examined longitudinal associations between early screen media exposure (assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months) and the child's motor and language/communication development at the ages of 24 and 36 months. We also aimed to study whether these associations varied by socioeconomic status (SES). Participants were 179 parent-infant dyads, recruited from well-baby clinic services during routine visits. Child development measures included standardized measures of developmental milestones as assessed by professionals and referral data to child developmental centers. Both measures were retrieved from the official health maintenance organization records by an expert in child development. Results indicated that screen exposure at 6 and 12 months was associated with a higher risk for language/communication deficits at 36 months in children with moderate or high SES but not in children with low SES. Our findings are consistent with existing literature demonstrating cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between early screen exposure and language development deficits. Given that media use practices and motivations vary among families from different backgrounds, further investigation of the interaction between SES and screen exposure is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Slobodin
- School of Education, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Orit E Hetzroni
- Faculty of Education, Department of Special Education, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moran Mandel
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Zainab Gawi Damashi
- Faculty of Education, Department of Special Education, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eden Machluf
- Faculty of Education, Department of Special Education, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Davidovitch
- Kahn Sagol Maccabi Research and Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdoli M, Khoshgoftar M, Jadidi H, Daniali SS, Kelishadi R. Screen Time and Child Behavioral Disorders During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Int J Prev Med 2024; 15:9. [PMID: 38563038 PMCID: PMC10982732 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_78_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The extensive use of various electronic games and communication devices, particularly among children and adolescents, has raised concerns, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the link between screen time and internalizing disorders, such as anxiety and depression, among individuals aged ≤18 during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This systematic review aims to summarize scientific publications from 2019 to early 2022 by searching databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO, to identify suitable studies. In each paper, we searched the following keywords and their synonyms: screen, child, high school, middle school, and psychiatric disorders. The quality of the selected papers was evaluated using a checklist recommended by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for observational cohort studies. Results Out of 986 reports identified, we included 12 papers with 14,483 participants. The study revealed a negative correlation between screen time (TV, computer, video games, and mobile phones) and behavioral outcomes. Smartphones were the most frequently used devices, with video games being more prevalent among older participants for education, communication, and entertainment purposes. The prevalence of depression ranged between 10% and 25%. Furthermore, anxiety and depression were identified as predictors of increased screen usage. Some results displayed variation based on the type of screen exposure, the questionnaires used, and the age of the participants. Conclusions The findings imply an indirect association between increased screen time and depression and anxiety. It is crucial to consider limitations on screen time exposure and parental supervision as measures to prevent certain mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abdoli
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Khoshgoftar
- Assistant Professor of Health Education and Health Promotion, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hosin Jadidi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen C, Smith RB, Heller J, Spiers ADV, Thompson R, Ward H, Roiser JP, Nicholls D, Toledano MB. Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Relation to the Use of Digital Technologies: Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e45114. [PMID: 38324379 PMCID: PMC10882466 DOI: 10.2196/45114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are susceptible to mental illness and have experienced substantial disruption owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. The digital environment is increasingly important in the context of a pandemic when in-person social connection is restricted. OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate whether depression and anxiety had worsened compared with the prepandemic period and examine potential associations with sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral factors, particularly digital behaviors. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a large, representative Greater London adolescent cohort study: the Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones (SCAMP). Participants completed surveys at T1 between November 2016 and July 2018 (N=4978; aged 13 to 15 years) and at T2 between July 2020 and June 2021 (N=1328; aged 16 to 18 years). Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, respectively. Information on the duration of total mobile phone use, social network site use, and video gaming was also collected using questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of sociodemographic characteristics, digital technology use, and sleep duration with clinically significant depression and anxiety. RESULTS The proportion of adolescents who had clinical depression and anxiety significantly increased at T2 (depression: 140/421, 33.3%; anxiety: 125/425, 29.4%) compared with the proportion of adolescents at T1 (depression: 57/421, 13.5%; anxiety: 58/425, 13.6%; P for 2-proportion z test <.001 for both depression and anxiety). Depression and anxiety levels were similar between the summer holiday, school opening, and school closures. Female participants had higher odds of new incident depression (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.18) and anxiety (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.23-3.61) at T2. A high level of total mobile phone use at T1 was associated with developing depression at T2 (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.02-3.49). Social network site use was associated with depression and anxiety cross-sectionally at T1 and T2 but did not appear to be associated with developing depression or anxiety longitudinally. Insufficient sleep at T1 was associated with developing depression at T2 (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.31-3.91). CONCLUSIONS The mental health of this large sample of adolescents from London deteriorated during the pandemic without noticeable variations relating to public health measures. The deterioration was exacerbated in girls, those with preexisting high total mobile phone use, and those with preexisting disrupted sleep. Our findings suggest the necessity for allocating resources to address these modifiable factors and target high-risk groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel B Smith
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Heller
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D V Spiers
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon Thompson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Ward
- Patient Experience Research Centre, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dasha Nicholls
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Friel CP, Diaz KM, Rupp K. Physical Activity, Sleep, and Screen Time in Children and Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the 2019-2020 National Survey of Children's Health. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:197-204. [PMID: 37879670 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231210389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine whether engagement in health behaviors changed from pre-pandemic (2019) to during the pandemic (2020). METHODS The combined 2019-2020 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) was used to inform this study. The NSCH is an annual survey designed to provide national estimates of key indicators of childhood health and well-being. Physical activity (number of days/week with >60 min of activity), screen-time (hours/day of TV viewing and computer use), and sleep (hours/day) were assessed by parental report. Adjusted binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the association between survey year and health behaviors. RESULTS Children and adolescents were 36% more likely to be physically inactive in 2020 compared to 2019. Additionally, children and adolescents were 14% more likely to meet sleep guidelines and 39% less likely to meet screen-time guidelines in 2020 compared to 2019, independent of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and poverty level. Children (6-13 year) and adolescents (14-17 years) were 10% and 15% less likely to get below the recommended amount of sleep in 2020 compared to 2019, respectively. CONCLUSION Prevalence of meeting sleep guidelines increased among children and adolescents in 2020 but decreased for physical activity and screen-time. Initiatives targeting activity and screen-time may be urgently needed. Whether rates of these health behaviors return to pre-pandemic levels over the next few years should be closely assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán P Friel
- Institute of Health System Science, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith M Diaz
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristie Rupp
- Department of Health and Movement Sciences, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shoshani A, Kor A, Farbstein-Yavin S, Gvion Y. Risk and protective factors for substance use and media addictive behaviors in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38284471 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' substance use, digital media use, and symptoms of internet, gaming, and social media addiction. METHOD A nationally representative longitudinal cohort of 1665 Israeli teens and preteens, aged 9-16, completed questionnaires assessing substance use prevalence, daily screen time, symptoms of media addiction, and potential risk and protective factors. Data were collected before the pandemic (October 2019), after the second wave lockdown (November 2020), and after the fifth wave (April 2022) in Israel. RESULTS The analysis documented significant increases in substance use, daily screen time, and social media addiction indices over time. Gratitude, life satisfaction, positive emotions, future orientation, grit, and secure attachment emerged as significant protective factors. Sensation-seeking, negative emotions, and mental health symptoms were identified as risk factors. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of educational and public mental health services in addressing the pandemic's long-term impact on the mental health and addictive behaviors of adolescents. They also emphasize the significance of enhancing protective factors and reducing risk factors to effectively mitigate substance and digital media abuse among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Shoshani
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University (IDC Herzliya), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Ariel Kor
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University (IDC Herzliya), Herzliya, Israel
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Yari Gvion
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Zhang E, Li H, Ge X, Hu F, Cai Y, Xiang M. Physical activity, recreational screen time, and depressive symptoms among Chinese children and adolescents: a three-wave cross-lagged study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:11. [PMID: 38243299 PMCID: PMC10799442 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal evidence is lacking on the interplay between lifestyle behaviors and depressive symptoms, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the changes in physical activity and recreational screen time during the pandemic, along with their reciprocal associations with depressive symptoms among children and adolescents. METHODS The public health emergency due to the pandemic started in January 2023 and lasted for two months in Shanghai, China. A three-wave longitudinal study was conducted among 1,666 children and adolescents (6-18 years) in January, March, and July 2023. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), recreational screen time, and depressive symptoms were measured using self-reported questionnaires. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were constructed to examine the bidirectional associations between physical activity and recreational screen time with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Children and adolescents experienced a significant decrease in MVPA and a substantial increase in recreational screen time during the pandemic, which failed to return to pre-pandemic levels post-pandemic. Pre-pandemic MVPA was negatively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms (β = -0.147). Conversely, pre-pandemic depressive symptoms were positively associated with subsequent recreational screen time (β = 0.085), which in turn predicted heightened post-pandemic depressive symptoms (β = 0.076). When stratified by age, significant associations were found in adolescents but not children. CONCLUSIONS Sustained unhealthy changes in physical activity and recreational screen time were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic among children and adolescents. This study elucidates a potential reciprocal relationship between lifestyle behaviors and mental well-being. Effective interventions are emphasized to counter the negative impacts of insufficient physical activity and excessive screen use on the mental health of children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, 572022, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Erliang Zhang
- Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, 572022, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huilun Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xin Ge
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fan Hu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Public Health department, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Mi Xiang
- Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, 572022, China.
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Public Health department, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hao XY, Guo YX, Lou JS, Cao JB, Liu M, Mi TY, Li A, You SH, Cao FY, Liu YH, Li H, Zhou ZK, Xu JM, Wu QP, Gu XP, Wang DF, Peng YM, Ma LB, Wang LY, Tong L, Mi WD. Mental health changes in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. J Affect Disord 2023; 343:77-85. [PMID: 37741468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has a heavy impact on the mental health of elderly surgical patients worldwide. In particular, the elderly patients faced considerable psychological stress due to various environmental and medical factors during the outbreak. This study aims to examine changes in mental health trends among non-cardiac surgical patients aged 65 and above in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This multi-center, convenient sampling, longitudinal observational study was conducted from April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2022. Primary outcome was the prevalence of postoperative depression. Secondary outcome was the prevalence of postoperative anxiety. Follow-up was conducted separately at 7 days and 30 days after surgery. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) scale. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, with scores of ≥5 defining positive depression or anxiety symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate risk factors of mental health status in more elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. RESULTS A total of 4639 patients were included, of whom 2279 (46.0 %) were male, 752 (15.2 %) were over the age of 75, and 4346 (93.7 %) were married. The monthly prevalence trends demonstrated that compared to the outbreak period, a significant reduction in the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in elderly patients who underwent surgery during the post-pandemic period. In post-pandemic period, a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of all severity depression and anxiety patients was noted at the 7-day follow-up, but no significant decrease was observed for severe depression and anxiety in the 30-day follow-up. In COVID-19 low-risk area, a significant overall decrease in prevalence of mental health was observed during the post-pandemic period compared to the outbreak period, including 7-day depression, 7-day anxiety, 30-day depression, and 30-day anxiety (all with P < 0.001). Female and patients with ≥2 comorbidities appeared to be more susceptible to postoperative depression and anxiety during the pandemic. LIMITATION The absence of data from the early days of the COVID-19 outbreak. CONCLUSIONS This study analyzed the prevalence of depression and anxiety in elderly non-cardiac patients during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on dimensions such as severity, risk-areas, gender, and comorbidity. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in the prevalence of depression and anxiety in elderly surgery patients during the post-pandemic period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yong-Xin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jing-Sheng Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiang-Bei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tian-Yue Mi
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shao-Hua You
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Fu-Yang Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jun-Mei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qing-Ping Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Di-Fen Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 524000, China
| | - Yu-Ming Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li-Bin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li-Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang W, Jiang J, Qi L, Zhao F, Wu J, Zhu X, Wang B, Hong X. Relationship between mental health, sleep status and screen time among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073347. [PMID: 38070905 PMCID: PMC10729102 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE On 20 July 2021, after the outbreak of COVID-19 at Nanjing Lukou International Airport, several universities started closed management and online teaching. This had a large impact on students' daily life and study, which may lead to mental health problems. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of screen time on mental health status of university students and the possible mediating effect of sleep status. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. A web-based questionnaire survey was employed that included demographic characteristics, sleep status and mental health status (depression, anxiety and loneliness). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale was used to assess sleep status, while the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and Emotional versus Social Loneliness Scale (ESLS) were used to assess depression, anxiety and loneliness, respectively. Linear and logistic regression models were developed and adjusted for confounding factors, and finally the mediating effects were tested using the Karlson-Holm-Breen method. RESULTS Finally, 1070 valid questionnaires were included. Among these, 604 (56.45%) indicated depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥16) and 902 (84.30%) indicated anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score ≥10). The mean ESLS score (for loneliness) was 26.51±6.64. The relationship between screen time and depressive symptoms (OR 1.118, 95% CI 1.072 to 1.166) and anxiety symptoms (OR 1.079, 95% CI 1.023 to 1.138) remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Meanwhile, sleep status plays an intermediary role in screen time and mental health status (depression and anxiety) and accounts for 13.73% and 19.68% of the total effects, respectively. We did not find a significant association between screen time and loneliness. CONCLUSION During the outbreak of COVID-19, screen time is inevitably prolonged among university students. There is a relationship between mental health and screen time, and sleep status plays a mediating role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingfeng Jiang
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lerong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Blanta M, Karathanasi A, Tzonichaki I. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's occupations. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2023; 36:69-83. [PMID: 38027048 PMCID: PMC10680856 DOI: 10.1177/15691861231204905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic changed the daily lives and limited everyday activities of children worldwide. Objectives To document the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's occupations, the associated factors, and the impact on children's health, wellbeing, and development. Methods A narrative review was conducted by searching four databases (Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews). Results A total of 35 articles met the inclusion criteria. Out of the 34 articles, 23 were relevant to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on occupations related to leisure (n = 17), productivity (n = 11), and self-care (n = 9). Ten articles highlighted specific factors that had been linked to changes in occupational engagement and child behavior. Ten articles focused on the impact of occupational disruption during COVID-19 on health, wellbeing, and general development. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic seems to have had a negative impact on children's occupations, while the restrictions were still in effect. Further research is needed to establish reliable conclusions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu B, Li M, Fu Y, Dong S, Fan Y, Ma C, Jia P, Yang S. Associations of screen use with physical activity and social capital amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis of youths in China. Prev Med 2023; 177:107780. [PMID: 37967619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Inconsistent correlations of screen use with physical activity (PA) and social capital (SC) in youths have been observed in existing cross-sectional studies. This study aimed to elucidate associations among variables in screen use, PA, and SC domains during COVID-19, to improve the prediction and prevention of suboptimal health status in youths. An online survey based on the nationwide COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS) was conducted in China, and 10,082 youths reported their screen use, PA, and SC in the months immediately before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Cross-sectional and longitudinal network models were used to identify associations of variables in domains of screen use with PA and SC. Effect modifications of bridges and predictors in the associations were examined. The network models suggested that individual SC was a bridge that strongly connected other types of SC, and domains of screen use and PA before lockdown, while phone use became such a bridge during and after lockdown. More PC/TV use before lockdown predicted less household-related PA during lockdown (β = -0.142); more phone use during lockdown was a predictor for higher levels of household-related PA (β = 0.106), active transport (β = 0.096), and individual SC (β = 0.072) after lockdown. Phone use was negatively associated with PA through PC/TV use in the more phone use subgroup. Relationships among screen use, PA, and SC dynamically changed during COVID-19, and phone use that was identified as a bridge and a predictor may be the potential action point for health intervention in youths during lockdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manyao Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Fu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Dong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunzhe Fan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlan Ma
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, China; School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China; Respiratory department, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Raiter N, Husnudinov R, Mazza K, Lamarche L. TikTok Promotes Diet Culture and Negative Body Image Rhetoric: A Content Analysis. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:755-760. [PMID: 37806709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the presence of body image and diet culture rhetoric in videos under the hashtag #HealthyLifestyle on TikTok. METHODS The top 250 videos under #HealthyLifestyle were categorized using a codebook of wellness topics. We conducted descriptive statistics and interrater reliability analysis. RESULTS #HealthyLifestyle videos had high rates of all coded categories, including negative and positive messages about body image and diet culture. Nearly all content with positive connotations was counteracted by coexisting negative messaging. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that content under #HealthyLifestyle contains messaging conflicting with the definition of a healthy lifestyle. Considering the young audience consuming this content, improved nutrition education and health literacy in schools is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noam Raiter
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renata Husnudinov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kaitlyn Mazza
- Faculty of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Larkin Lamarche
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Amos KA, Ogilvie JD, Ponti M, Miller MR, Yang F, Ens AR. Paediatricians' awareness of Canadian screen time guidelines, perception of screen time use, and counselling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Paediatr Child Health 2023; 28:357-361. [PMID: 37744755 PMCID: PMC10517250 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Paediatricians are essential in guiding families on screen time use as digital media becomes increasingly prevalent. While this has been highlighted through the COVID-19 pandemic there is no literature on paediatricians' awareness of Canadian screen time guidelines, or perception of these guidelines during this time. The aim of this study was to assess pediatricians' knowledge, attitudes, and comfort with the Canadian Paediatric Society's (CPS) screen time guidelines, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Our survey was developed by a paediatric resident and paediatric endocrinologist, reviewed by local experts, and sent electronically to members of the CPS Community and Developmental Paediatrics sections. Results All 53 respondents were aware of current CPS screen time guidelines, and the majority self-reported fair to excellent knowledge of guidelines for both age groups (<5 years and school-aged children/adolescents). Over 80% noticed increased screen use during the pandemic, and 98% were somewhat or very concerned about screen use and their patients' health and well-being. Pediatricians reported concerns about associations between increased screen time with worsening behaviour, mental health concerns, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle. The greatest barrier to reducing screen time was perceived insufficient motivation or support from caregivers/families. Conclusions Responding Canadian paediatricians are knowledgeable and comfortable with current screen time guidelines in Canada. Despite this, there is increasing concern with health outcomes associated with screen use. These results highlight paediatricians' important role in counselling patients and may encourage further local advocacy and public education around screen use and associated health risks in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten A Amos
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline D Ogilvie
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Ponti
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R Miller
- Department of Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fanyu Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea R Ens
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hmidan A, Seguin D, Duerden EG. Media screen time use and mental health in school aged children during the pandemic. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:202. [PMID: 37430372 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's screen time activity has increased significantly during the pandemic. Extended school closures and heightened parent stress are associated with children's behavioural difficulties and time spent watching screens. The primary aim of this study was to determine which school and household factors were associated with challenging behaviours in Canadian schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This longitudinal survey study examined the association amongst screen time, internalizing and externalizing behaviours in school-aged children at two time points over the 2020-2021 academic school year. Parents completed survey measures on their parental involvement, stress levels, and their child's screen time use as well as their emotional and behavioural difficulties. RESULTS Children's average daily screen time was 4.40 h (SE = 18.45) at baseline and 3.89 h (SE = 16.70) at 1-year follow up, with no significant change across the school year (p = .316). Increased screen time use was associated with a greater incidence of internalizing behaviours in children (p = .03). Children who spent more time on screens and who were in households with parents reporting higher stress levels had increased internalizing behaviours (p < .001). No association between screen time use and externalizing behaviours was evident; however, parent stress was positively associated with children's externalizing behaviours (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Children's screen time use has remained high during the pandemic and is associated with anxious and depressive symptoms. Children who spent more time on screens and who were in households with parents reporting higher stress levels had increased internalizing behaviours. Parent stress was positively associated with children's externalizing behaviours. Targeted family intervention plans focused on reducing parent stress and screen time use may aid in improving children's mental health during the ongoing pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Hmidan
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 1G7, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, Canada
| | - Diane Seguin
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 1G7, Canada
- Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Emma G Duerden
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Rd, London, ON, N6G 1G7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Muhajarine N, Pisolkar V, Hinz T, Adeyinka DA, McCutcheon J, Alaverdashvili M, Damodharan S, Dena I, Jurgens C, Taras V, Green K, Kallio N, Palmer-Clarke Y. Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life of Children and Youth during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Saskatchewan, Canada. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1009. [PMID: 37371243 DOI: 10.3390/children10061009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
For children and youth, the COVID-19 pandemic surfaced at a critical time in their development. Children have experienced extended disruptions to routines including in-person schooling, physical activities, and social interactions-things that bring meaning and structure to their daily lives. We estimated the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms of children and youth and their experiences of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), during the first year of the pandemic, and identified factors related to these outcomes. Further, we examined these effects among ethnocultural minority families. We conducted an online survey (March-July 2021) with 510 children and youth aged 8-18 years and their parents/caregivers. The sample was representative of the targeted population. We modelled the relationship between anxiety, depression (measured using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale), HRQoL (measured using KIDSCREEN-10), and sociodemographic, behavioural, and COVID-19-contributing factors using binary logistic regression. A priori-selected moderating effects of sociodemographic characteristics and self-identified ethnocultural minority groups on the outcomes were tested. The point-in-time prevalence of medium-to-high anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms was 10.19% and 9.26%, respectively. Almost half (49.15%) reported low-to-moderate HRQoL. Children reporting medium-to-high anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and low-to-moderate HRQoL were more likely to be aged 8-11 years, 16-18 years, ethnocultural minority participants, living in rural/urban areas, having good/fair MH before COVID-19, experiencing household conflicts, having less physical activity, and having ≥3 h of recreational screen time. Those who had more people living at home and ≥8 h of sleep reported low anxiety and depression symptoms. Ethnocultural minority 16-18-year-olds were more likely to report low-to-moderate HRQoL, compared to 12-15-year-olds. Additionally, 8-11-year-olds, 16-18-year-olds with immigrant parents, and 16-18-year-olds with Canadian-born parents were more likely to report low-moderate HRQoL, compared to 12-15-year-olds. Children and youth MH and HRQoL were impacted during the pandemic. Adverse MH outcomes were evident among ethnocultural minority families. Our results reveal the need to prioritize children's MH and to build equity-driven, targeted interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazeem Muhajarine
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Vaidehi Pisolkar
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Tamara Hinz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, 701 Queen Street, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada
| | - Daniel A Adeyinka
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jessica McCutcheon
- Canadian Hub for Applied and Social Research (CHASR), University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Mariam Alaverdashvili
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Senthil Damodharan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Dena
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Christa Jurgens
- EGADZ Saskatoon Downtown Youth Centre Inc., 1st Avenue North, Saskatoon, SK S7K 1X5, Canada
| | - Victoria Taras
- Saskatchewan Teachers' Federation, 2317 Arlington Avenue, Saskatoon, SK S7J 2H8, Canada
| | - Kathryn Green
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Natalie Kallio
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yolanda Palmer-Clarke
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kästner A, Ernst VS, Hoffmann W, Franze M. Changes in social behavioral developmental risks in preschool children after the first COVID-19 wave: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5615. [PMID: 37024603 PMCID: PMC10078017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social-emotional developmental risks (SE-DR) of preschool children is largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this prospective longitudinal dynamic cohort study was to assess changes in preschoolers' SE-DR from before the pandemic to after the first COVID-19 wave. SE-DR were assessed annually with the instrument "Dortmund Developmental Screening for Preschools" (DESK). Longitudinal DESK data from 3- to 4-year-old children who participated both in survey wave (SW) three (DESK-SW3, 2019) and SW four (DESK-SW4, 2020) from August 1 to November 30 were used, respectively. Additionally, data from previous pre-pandemic SW were analyzed to contextualize the observed changes (SW1: 2017; SW2: 2018). A total of N = 786 children were included in the analysis. In the pre-pandemic DESK-SW3, the proportion of children with SE-DR was 18.2%, whereas in DESK-SW4 after the first COVID-19 wave, the proportion decreased to 12.4% (p = 0.001). Thus, the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) was 0.68. Compared to data from previous SW (SW1-SW2: PRR = 0.88; SW2-SW3: PRR = 0.82), this result represents a notable improvement. However, only short-term effects were described, and the study region had one of the highest preschool return rates in Germany. Further studies are needed to examine long-term effects of the pandemic on preschoolers' SE-DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Kästner
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Sophie Ernst
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marco Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Patel P, Li X, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Vanderloo LM, Kinlin LM, Maguire JL, Birken CS. Changes in Pediatric Movement Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Stages of Lockdown in Ontario, Canada: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:292-302. [PMID: 36848902 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's movement behaviors have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known regarding movement behavior patterns over time by government-issued lockdowns. Our primary objective was to evaluate how children's movement behaviors changed by stages of lockdown/reopening in Ontario, Canada, from 2020 to 2021. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study with repeated measures of exposure and outcomes was conducted. The exposure variables were dates from before and during COVID-19 when child movement behavior questionnaires were completed. Lockdown/reopening dates were included as knot locations in the spline model. The outcomes were daily screen, physical activity, outdoor, and sleep time. RESULTS A total of 589 children with 4805 observations were included (53.1% boys, 5.9 [2.6] y). On average, screen time increased during the first and second lockdowns and decreased during the second reopening. Physical activity and outdoor time increased during the first lockdown, decreased during the first reopening, and increased during the second reopening. Younger children (<5 y) had greater increases in screen time and lower increases in physical activity and outdoor time than older children (≥5 y). CONCLUSIONS Policy makers should consider the impact of lockdowns on child movement behaviors, especially in younger children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Patel
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON,Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Xuedi Li
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Charles D G Keown-Stoneman
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON,Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON,Canada
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Laura M Kinlin
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lucchini M, Bekelman TA, Li M, Knapp EA, Dong Y, Ballard S, Deoni S, Dunlop AL, Elliott AJ, Ferrara A, Friedman C, Galarce M, Gilbert-Diamond D, Glueck D, Hedderson M, Hockett CW, Karagas MR, LeBourgeois MK, Margolis A, McDonald J, Ngai P, Pellerite M, Sauder K, Ma T, Dabelea D. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's sleep habits: an ECHO study. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:586-594. [PMID: 36195633 PMCID: PMC9531212 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep in childhood is affected by behavioral, environmental, and parental factors. We propose that these factors were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates sleep habit changes during the pandemic in 528 children 4-12 years old in the US, leveraging data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. METHODS Data collection occurred in July 2019-March 2020 (pre-pandemic) and two pandemic periods: December 2020-April 2021 and May-August 2021. Qualitative interviews were performed in 38 participants. RESULTS We found no changes in sleep duration, but a shift to later sleep midpoint during the pandemic periods. There was an increase in latency at the first pandemic collection period but no increase in the frequency of bedtime resistance, and a reduced frequency of naps during the pandemic. Qualitative interviews revealed that parents prioritized routines to maintain sleep duration but were more flexible regarding timing. Children from racial/ethnic minoritized communities slept less at night, had later sleep midpoint, and napped more frequently across all collection periods, warranting in-depth investigation to examine and address root causes. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted children sleep, but parental knowledge of the importance of sleep might have played a significant protective role. IMPACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, US children changed their sleep habits, going to bed and waking up later, but their sleep duration did not change. Sleep latency was longer. Parental knowledge of sleep importance might have played a protective role. Regardless of data collection periods, children from racial/ethnic minoritized communities slept less and went to bed later. This is one of the first study on this topic in the US, including prospective pre-pandemic qualitative and quantitative data on sleep habits. Our findings highlight the pandemic long-term impact on childhood sleep. Results warrants further investigations on implications for overall childhood health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maristella Lucchini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Traci A Bekelman
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mingyi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily A Knapp
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yanan Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suyin Ballard
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy J Elliott
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Chloe Friedman
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maren Galarce
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Deborah Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Monique Hedderson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Christine W Hockett
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Monique K LeBourgeois
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amy Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia McDonald
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Pakkay Ngai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | | | - Katherine Sauder
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liang K, Chen S, Chi X. Differential Associations Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines With Mental Wellbeing and Mental Illness Among Chinese Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:658-666. [PMID: 36599758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.11.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Contemporary mental health models simultaneously consider psychological distress and wellness. Researchers have proposed that adhering to the 24-hour movement guidelines (24-HMG) contributes to mental health. 24-HMG integrates recommendations of time distribution among sleep, screen use, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Yet, there are few studies on the relationship between meeting 24-HMG and mental health, especially mental wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the associations between adherence to 24-HMG with mental wellbeing and mental illness among Chinese adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 67,281 Chinese adolescents aged 10-17 years (mean age = 13.0 years, 51.9% males) were collected by sending online questionnaires to local primary and middle schools in Shenzhen in 2021. We used multilevel generalized linear models to analyze associations between meeting 24-HMG with mental wellbeing (subjective wellbeing, resilience, and positive youth development) and mental illness (depression and anxiety). RESULTS Only 1.7% of participants met recommendations for all three behaviors (sleep, screen use, and MVPA). Compared with meeting none of the recommendations, participants who met one or more recommendations reported significantly better performance in mental wellbeing (all p < .001); on the contrary, meeting one or more recommendations (except for only meeting the MVPA recommendation) were significantly related to lower severity of mental illness (all p < .001). The relationship between the number of recommendations met with mental well-being and mental illness indicators presented a dose-response pattern (all p < .001). DISCUSSION Meeting 24-HMG was associated with superior mental health, including a higher propensity for mental wellbeing and a lower risk of mental illness. The importance of limiting screen time and getting enough sleep should be highlighted in promoting mental health in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Liang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Madigan S, Eirich R, Pador P, McArthur BA, Neville RD. Assessment of Changes in Child and Adolescent Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:1188-1198. [PMID: 36342702 PMCID: PMC9641597 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE To limit the spread of COVID-19, numerous restrictions were imposed on youths, including school closures, isolation requirements, social distancing, and cancelation of extracurricular activities, which independently or collectively may have shifted screen time patterns. OBJECTIVE To estimate changes in the duration, content, and context of screen time of children and adolescents by comparing estimates taken before the pandemic with those taken during the pandemic and to determine when and for whom screen time has increased the most. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases were searched between January 1, 2020, and March 5, 2022, including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A total of 2474 nonduplicate records were retrieved. STUDY SELECTION Study inclusion criteria were reported changes in the duration (minutes per day) of screen time before and during the pandemic; children, adolescents, and young adults (≤18 years); longitudinal or retrospective estimates; peer reviewed; and published in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS A total of 136 articles underwent full-text review. Data were analyzed from April 6, 2022, to May 5, 2022, with a random-effects meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change in daily screen time comparing estimates taken before vs during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 46 studies (146 effect sizes; 29 017 children; 57% male; and mean [SD] age, 9 [4.1] years) revealed that, from a baseline prepandemic value of 162 min/d (2.7 h/d), during the pandemic there was an increase in screen time of 84 min/d (1.4 h/d), representing a 52% increase. Increases were particularly marked for individuals aged 12 to 18 years (k [number of sample estimates] = 26; 110 min/d) and for device type (handheld devices [k = 20; 44 min/d] and personal computers [k = 13; 46 min/d]). Moderator analyses showed that increases were possibly larger in retrospective (k = 36; 116 min/d) vs longitudinal (k = 51; 65 min/d) studies. Mean increases were observed in samples examining both recreational screen time alone (k = 54; 84 min/d) and total daily screen time combining recreational and educational use (k = 33; 68 min/d). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has led to considerable disruptions in the lives and routines of children, adolescents, and families, which is likely associated with increased levels of screen time. Findings suggest that when interacting with children and caregivers, practitioners should place a critical focus on promoting healthy device habits, which can include moderating daily use; choosing age-appropriate programs; promoting device-free time, sleep, and physical activity; and encouraging children to use screens as a creative outlet or a means to meaningfully connect with others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel Eirich
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paolo Pador
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brae Anne McArthur
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ross D. Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mesce M, Ragona A, Cimino S, Cerniglia L. The impact of media on children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12489. [PMID: 36568660 PMCID: PMC9762042 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mobile technologies are a fundamental part of daily life, several studies have shown increased use of electronic devices, TV, and gaming during childhood in conjunction with the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus affected almost every country, causing uncertainty about the future, social isolation, and distress. This narrative review has searched the scientific literature in the field focusing on children. A non-systematic literature review was conducted in May 2022. Various databases were employed to conduct the document research for this paper, such as "Google Scholar", "PubMed", "Web of Science". Keywords for the search included "screen time", "media", "digital use", "social media", "COVID-19", "pandemic", "lockdown", "children", "effect of media on children during COVID". It was found that both children and adolescents seem to have used technologies to confront struggles provoked by COVID-19, such as the onset or exacerbation of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, moreover, other studies have suggested that increased media use can have positive effects on children depending on usage and monitoring by the parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mesce
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Department of Dynamic Clinical and Health Psychology, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00186, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Ragona
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Department of Dynamic Clinical and Health Psychology, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00186, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Cimino
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Department of Dynamic Clinical and Health Psychology, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00186, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Cerniglia
- International Telematic University Uninettuno, Faculty of Psychology, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186, Rome, Italy,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang JL, Zhou N, Song KR, Zou BW, Xu LX, Fu Y, Geng XM, Wang ZL, Li X, Potenza MN, Nan Y, Zhang JT. Neural activations to loss anticipation mediates the association between difficulties in emotion regulation and screen media activities among early adolescent youth: A moderating role for depression. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101186. [PMID: 36516611 PMCID: PMC9764194 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screen media activities (SMAs; e.g., watching videos, playing videogames) have become increasingly prevalent among youth as ways to alleviate or escape from negative emotional states. However, neural mechanisms underlying these processes in youth are incompletely understood. METHOD Seventy-nine youth aged 11-15 years completed a monetary incentive delay task during fMRI scanning. Neural correlates of reward/loss processing and their associations with SMAs were explored. Next, brain activations during reward/loss processing in regions implicated in the processing of emotions were examined as potential mediating factors between difficulties in emotion regulation (DER) and engagement in SMAs. Finally, a moderated mediation model tested the effects of depressive symptoms in such relationships. RESULT The emotional components associated with SMAs in reward/loss processing included activations in the left anterior insula (AI) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during anticipation of working to avoid losses. Activations in both the AI and DLPFC mediated the relationship between DER and SMAs. Moreover, depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between AI activation in response to loss anticipation and SMAs. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest that DER link to SMAs through loss-related brain activations implicated in the processing of emotions and motivational avoidance, particularly in youth with greater levels of depressive symptoms. The findings suggest the importance of enhancing emotion-regulation tendencies/abilities in youth and, in particular, their regulatory responses to negative emotional situations in order to guide moderate engagement in SMAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Kun-Ru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Wen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tsujimoto KC, Cost KT, LaForge-MacKenzie K, Anagnostou E, Birken CS, Charach A, Monga S, Kelly E, Nicolson R, Georgiadis S, Lee N, Osokin K, Arnold P, Schachar R, Burton C, Crosbie J, Korczak DJ. School and learning contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for child and youth mental health. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-17. [PMID: 36468159 PMCID: PMC9685153 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant disruption to school during the COVID-19 pandemic, research on the impact on children is sparse. This study examines in-person and virtual learning contexts and the impact of school format on mental health (MH). Children and adolescents were recruited from community and clinical settings. Parents and children completed prospective online surveys about school experiences (November 2020) and MH symptoms (February/March 2021), including school format and activities. Standardized measures of depression, anxiety, inattention, and hyperactivity were collected. Hierarchical regression analyses tested associations between school format and MH. Children (N = 1011; aged 6-18 years) attending school in-person (n = 549) engaged in high levels of participation in COVID-19 health measures and low levels of social learning activities. Learning online in high school was associated with greater MH symptoms (B = -2.22, CI[-4.32,-.12] to B = -8.18, CI[-15.59,-.77]). Children with no previous MH condition that attended school virtually experienced a similar magnitude of MH symptoms as those with previous MH conditions. However, children who attended school in a hybrid in-person format, with no previous MH condition, experienced less hyperactivity as same-age peers with prior MH problems (B = -8.08, CI[1.58,14.58]). Children's learning environments looked very different compared to before the pandemic. Removing children from school environments and limiting opportunities that support their MH, such as social learning activities, is problematic. Efforts to address the learning contexts to protect the mental health of children are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley C. Tsujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 1145 Burton Wing, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Katherine Tombeau Cost
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 1145 Burton Wing, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Kaitlyn LaForge-MacKenzie
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 1145 Burton Wing, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Deprtment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Holland Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Catherine S. Birken
- Deprtment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alice Charach
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 1145 Burton Wing, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Suneeta Monga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 1145 Burton Wing, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelly
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Queens University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiadis
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Nicole Lee
- Toronto District School Board, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - Paul Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, AB Calgary, Canada
- Department Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, AB Calgary, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 1145 Burton Wing, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Christie Burton
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 1145 Burton Wing, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 1145 Burton Wing, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Daphne J. Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 1145 Burton Wing, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li L, Abbey C, Wang H, Zhu A, Shao T, Dai D, Jin S, Rozelle S. The Association between Video Game Time and Adolescent Mental Health: Evidence from Rural China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192214815. [PMID: 36429534 PMCID: PMC9691221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As digital devices like computers become more widely available in developing countries, there is a growing need to understand how the time that adolescents spend using these devices for recreational purposes such as playing video games is linked with their mental health outcomes. We measured the amount of time that adolescents in rural China spent playing video games and the association of video game time with their mental health. We collected data from primary and junior high schools in a poor, rural province in northwest China (n = 1603 students) and used the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) to measure mental health symptoms. The results indicated that the average video game time was about 0.69 h per week. There was a significant association between adolescent video game time and poorer mental health. Each additional hour of playing video games also increased the chance of having moderate or above symptoms. Moreover, boys and non-left-behind children had worse mental health if they played more video games. Our study contributes to literature on the links between recreational screen time and mental health, and it sheds light on an issue addressed by recent government legislation to limit the video game time of minors in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- School of Economics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (C.A.); Tel.: +86-188-681-16-102 (L.L.); +1-650-723-4581 (C.A.)
| | - Cody Abbey
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (C.A.); Tel.: +86-188-681-16-102 (L.L.); +1-650-723-4581 (C.A.)
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Annli Zhu
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Terry Shao
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daisy Dai
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Songqing Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1039, USA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Burns RD, Armstrong JA. Associations of connectedness and parental behaviors with adolescent physical activity and mental health during COVID-19: A mediation analysis using the 2021 adolescent behaviors and experiences survey. Prev Med 2022; 164:107299. [PMID: 36228874 PMCID: PMC9550276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of connectedness and parental behaviors with adolescent physical activity (PA) and mental health during COVID-19. Participants were a representative sample of US high school students who completed the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES; N = 7705; 50.4% female). ABES was completed online during the spring of 2021 and data were analyzed during the spring of 2022. Independent variables were items asking about perceived school and virtual connectedness, parental emotional abuse, and parental monitoring. Latent variables represented both PA and mental health. Two weighted structural equation models tested the associations between connectedness, parental behaviors, and mental health mediated through PA (Model 1) and between connectedness, parental behaviors, and PA mediated through mental health (Model 2) with indirect effect confidence intervals obtained using Monte Carlo simulations. School connectedness directly associated with better mental health in Model 1 (β = 0.17, p < 0.001) and with higher PA in Model 2 (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) while virtual connectedness directly associated with higher PA in Model 2 (β = 0.08, p < 0.001). Parental emotional abuse directly associated with poorer mental health in Model 1 (β = -0.43, p < 0.001). Standardized indirect effects to better mental health mediated through higher PA were observed for school connectedness (IE = 0.017, p < 0.001) and virtual connectedness (IE = 0.007, p < 0.001) and indirect effects to lower PA mediated through poorer mental health were observed for parental emotional abuse (IE = -0.050, p < 0.001). Perceptions of school and virtual connectedness and parental emotional abuse both directly and indirectly impacted adolescent PA and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Burns
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Jason A Armstrong
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Capurso M, Buratta L, Mazzeschi C. Primary and middle-school children’s drawings of the lockdown in Italy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:982654. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.982654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective-descriptive study investigated how primary and middle-school children perceived the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy (March–May 2020) as manifested in their drawings. Once school restarted after the first COVID-19 wave, and as part of a structured school re-entry program run in their class in September 2020, 900 Italian children aged 7–13 were asked to draw a moment of their life during the lockdown. The drawings were coded and quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed; several pictorial examples are illustrated in this article. Most children used colorful and full-body representations of the self, but in almost half of the pictures drawn by older students, the self was either missing or represented without the face visible. Most children drew the interior of their houses, and the outside world was completely invisible in over half of the pictures. The most represented activities among younger students were playing or sport, followed by screentime or technology-use. Domestic routines and distance learning were also depicted. Most children, but predominantly girls, drew characters showing emotional cohesion clues, and more younger pupils and girls depicted contentment as their main emotion. Conflicting emotions were virtually non-existent. Our data suggest that children coped with the lockdown through play, screen, and technology use. The high incidence of the missing self-representation in preadolescents could indicate how the enforced loneliness and lack of direct physical contact with others impacted their perception of the self. The findings presented here deepen our knowledge of the dynamics connected to the effects of the COVID crisis on children and young people and show how drawings can provide a valuable window into children’s emotions and perceptions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bazzano AN, Sun Y, Chavez-Gray V, Akintimehin T, Gustat J, Barrera D, Roi C. Effect of Yoga and Mindfulness Intervention on Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Young Adolescents Attending Middle School: A Pragmatic Community-Based Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in a Racially Diverse Urban Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12076. [PMID: 36231378 PMCID: PMC9564597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mental health conditions in childhood and adolescence are increasing in the U.S. population and require early intervention, as highlighted by a recent Surgeon General's Advisory on Protecting Youth Mental Health. These health issues, which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, impair functioning, and may lead to longer term reductions in quality of life. Young adolescents are likely to experience stressors including academic pressure, feelings of loneliness and isolation, and excessive exposure to social media, all of which have been made worse by the pandemic and associated disruptions. Universal preventive programs at school serve as an important strategy for equipping youth with coping skills to address current and future social and emotional challenges. Yoga and mindfulness programs have emerged as a promising preventive approach for schools and have proven feasible and acceptable. The current study evaluated a universal, school-based mindfulness and yoga program among youth aged 11-14 in a racially diverse, urban setting in the United States. Outcomes of interest included symptoms of anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression symptoms decreased in the intervention group, although these differences were not statistically significant. In the control group, anxiety symptoms decreased but depression symptoms increased. The resulting time effect indicated a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms, while the time by group effect revealed a strong trend in depression symptoms. Future research should investigate the utility of yoga and mindfulness interventions for early adolescents in a larger population, and the differences in intervention effect among subgroups, with attention to longer term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra N. Bazzano
- Center of Excellence in Maternal Child Health, Department of Social, Behavioral and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Vaughne Chavez-Gray
- Center of Excellence in Maternal Child Health, Department of Social, Behavioral and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Temitope Akintimehin
- Center of Excellence in Maternal Child Health, Department of Social, Behavioral and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jeanette Gustat
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Denise Barrera
- Center of Excellence in Maternal Child Health, Department of Social, Behavioral and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Cody Roi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Neville RD, Lakes KD, Hopkins WG, Tarantino G, Draper CE, Beck R, Madigan S. Global Changes in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:886-894. [PMID: 35816330 PMCID: PMC9274449 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Numerous physical distancing measures were implemented to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus, which could have negatively affected child and adolescent physical activity levels. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature that used validated measures to document changes in child and adolescent physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and to estimate whether changes in physical activity differed between participant-level, contextual, and methodological moderators. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and MEDLINE were searched (from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2022). A total of 1085 nonduplicate records were retrieved. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they reported (1) changes in the duration of physical activity at any intensity for children or adolescents (age ≤18 years) comparing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using validated physical activity measurement tools and were (2) from general population samples, (3) peer-reviewed, and (4) published in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS A total of 126 articles underwent full-text review. Data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis, which was conducted in January 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change in the duration of engagement in physical activity at any intensity comparing before and during COVID-19. RESULTS Twenty-two studies including 46 independent samples and 79 effect sizes from 14 216 participants (median age, 10.5 years; range, 3-18 years) were included. The percentage change in the duration of engagement in total daily physical activity from before to during COVID-19 was -20% (90% CI, -34% to -4%). Moderation analyses revealed that changes were larger for higher-intensity activities (-32%; 90% CI, -44% to -16%), corresponding to a 17-minute reduction in children's daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels. The reduction in physical activity was also larger for samples located at higher latitudes (37%; 90% CI, -1% to 89%) and for studies with a longer duration between physical activity assessments (25%; 90% CI, -0.5% to 58%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Children and adolescents have experienced measurable reductions in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings underscore the need to provide bolstered access to support and resources related to physical activity to ensure good health and social functioning among children and adolescents during pandemic recovery efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kimberley D. Lakes
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside
| | - Will G. Hopkins
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Giampiero Tarantino
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine E. Draper
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rosemary Beck
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
LaForge-MacKenzie K, Tombeau Cost K, Tsujimoto KC, Crosbie J, Charach A, Anagnostou E, Birken CS, Monga S, Kelley E, Burton CL, Nicolson R, Georgiades S, Korczak DJ. Participating in extracurricular activities and school sports during the COVID-19 pandemic: Associations with child and youth mental health. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:936041. [PMID: 36105001 PMCID: PMC9464933 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.936041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Ontario, Canada, school extracurricular activities and sports were modified or canceled for a prolonged period due to public health restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to examine the association of changes to extracurricular and sport participation and child and youth mental health. Data were collected on child and youth mental health symptoms (n = 908) and participation in extracurricular activities and sports in the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 academic years. Results indicated that pre-COVID (2019–2020) participation in either extracurricular activities or sports was associated with reduced anxiety, inattention, and hyperactivity during the pandemic (β range −0.08 to −0.11, p < 0.05). Participation in either extracurricular activities or sports during-COVID (2020–2021) was associated with lower depressive symptoms (β range −0.09 to −0.10, p < 0.05). Findings suggest that participation in extracurricular activities and/or school sports both before or during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with better mental health outcomes in children and youth. Implications of this work consider future situations where restrictions on extracurricular and sport participation are reinstated and the impact of child and youth mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn LaForge-MacKenzie
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Tombeau Cost
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberley C. Tsujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alice Charach
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine S. Birken
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suneeta Monga
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Christie L. Burton
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Daphne J. Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Daphne J. Korczak
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cheung MC, Yip J, Cheung JPY. Influence of Screen Time during COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life of Early Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10498. [PMID: 36078214 PMCID: PMC9518036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of screen time during COVID-19 on the physical and mental domains of the health-related quality of life of early adolescents. A total of 860 early adolescents were recruited. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey was used to measure their health-related quality of life. The early adolescents reported their average daily time spent using smartphones and computers and watching television over the previous week. The results show that most early adolescents, on average, spent less than 1 h to more than 4 h per day during COVID-19 using smartphones (n = 833, 96.9%) and computers (n = 783, 91.0%), and watching television (n = 804, 93.5%), respectively. Though early male and female adolescents spent a similar amount of time daily on average using smartphones, early male adolescents spent more time using computers and watching television than early female adolescents and reported a significantly lower mean score for three out of the eight scales in the physical and mental domains of health-related quality of life. While health-related quality of life of early female adolescents was negatively associated with time spent using smartphones only, early male adolescents were adversely affected by the time spent using smartphones and computers and watching television (p < 0.05). Therefore, early adolescents who spent more time using display devices during COVID-19 had significantly poorer outcomes in their health-related quality of life, and gender difference was found in the influence of screen time on health-related quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Cheung
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joanne Yip
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason Pui Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cross-Sectional Associations between Playing Sports or Electronic Games in Leisure Time and Life Satisfaction in 12-Year-Old Children from the European Union. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1050-1066. [PMID: 36005224 PMCID: PMC9407293 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12080075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leisure time activities in childhood may have a crucial role in the development of subjective well-being. Nevertheless, more research is needed with cross-national samples concerning the differential effects of lifestyles on life satisfaction. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the associations between the frequency of playing sports/exercise or playing electronic games on life satisfaction in a sample of 12-year-old children from nine countries from the European Union. The data used in this publication come from the third wave of the Children’s Worlds project, an international survey of children’s lives and well-being whose administration started in 2017. The sample was composed of 10,626 children (50.9% boys) from Estonia, Belgium, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Poland, Romania, and Spain. They completed the Student Life Satisfaction Scale and answered two questions to assess the frequency of playing sport or exercise, and the frequency of playing electronic games. The results indicated notable scores in life satisfaction in all participating countries. The results showed some differences between boys and girls, and among the countries, in the frequency of sport practice and electronic games in the leisure time, as well as in the overall level of life satisfaction. The results also underlined that sport practice had a greater positive effect on life satisfaction than the use of electronic games. Thus, this study highlights the need to design programs to promote sport practice in leisure time for 12-year-old children in Europe, in order to protect their subjective well-being.
Collapse
|
35
|
Efrati Y, Spada MM. Self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions among Jewish Israeli adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 15:100431. [PMID: 35647261 PMCID: PMC9133580 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overall rates found in self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions among Israeli adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Differences found in self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions by age, biological sex, religiosity, immigration status, and socioeconomic status.
This study examined self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions among Israeli adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic across different sociodemographic categories. The sample comprised 2,074 adolescents (40% males, 60% females) aged 12–19 years who completed the survey anonymously and with parental consent. We examined what is the prevalence of self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions in this population in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Participants reported self-perceived addictions to social networks (70%), shopping (46%), binge eating (34%), gaming (30%), sex-related behavior (15%), psychoactive substance (31%, including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and/or cocaine), and gambling (3%). Moreover, differences were found to be directly related to age, biological sex, religiosity, socioeconomic status, and immigration status. From a lay epidemiological perspective, the current research expands our knowledge about self-perceived addiction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering better understanding of the likelihood probability factors for self-perceived addiction among adolescents and its related negative outcomes, including increased risk factors for later adult life.
Collapse
|
36
|
Moore SA, Vanderloo LM, Birken CS, Rehman LA. Reimagining healthy movement in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2022; 42:125-128. [PMID: 35481334 PMCID: PMC9116726 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.42.4.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Does the timing of when children, youth and adults participate in physical activity, sedentary behaviour (e.g. screen time) and sleep matter when it comes to their overall health? This special issue of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada includes four papers that present evidence and recommendations on the timing of movement behaviours: three separate systematic reviews exploring the associations between health indicators and the timing of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep; and a commentary that discusses the importance of this evidence in terms of practice, policy and research. This editorial sets the stage for this special issue, reflecting on the challenges posed by COVID-19-related public health restrictions on healthy movement. Perhaps now is the optimal time to reimagine how and when we engage in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep to support our health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurene A Rehman
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bosch R, Pagerols M, Prat R, Español-Martín G, Rivas C, Dolz M, Haro JM, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Casas M. Changes in the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Lockdown: Associated Factors and Life Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074120. [PMID: 35409803 PMCID: PMC8998498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among youth by analyzing their emotional/behavioral problems before and during the long-lasting lockdown in Spain. For that purpose, 699 parents with children aged 6–17 and 552 adolescents aged 12–17, who completed the parent and adolescent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at the beginning of 2019, responded to a survey from 26 May to 15 June 2020 that assessed psychological well-being and life conditions during quarantine (i.e., sociodemographic characteristics, situation before the lockdown, physical environment and accompaniment during the lockdown, COVID-related variables). According to both parent- and self-reports, children and youth experienced a significant worsening in emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems, and total difficulties subscales. Findings also suggested that impairment was mainly associated with variables related to the child’s situation prior to home quarantine, the quality and quantity of the child’s social networks during the lockdown, the daily routines the child followed, the concerns the child had about health, and the presence of economic and learning problems caused by the COVID-19. Thus, the present investigation emphasizes the need for carefully monitoring the mental health of younger people, provides guidance for the development of interventions that mitigate some of the psychological difficulties faced in a situation of confinement, and highlights the importance of paying special attention to high-risk groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bosch
- SJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (R.P.); (C.R.); (M.C.)
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (G.E.-M.); (J.A.R.-Q.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.); (J.M.H.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mireia Pagerols
- SJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (R.P.); (C.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Raquel Prat
- SJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (R.P.); (C.R.); (M.C.)
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CEES), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Gemma Español-Martín
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (G.E.-M.); (J.A.R.-Q.)
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rivas
- SJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (R.P.); (C.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Montserrat Dolz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.); (J.M.H.); (M.R.)
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.); (J.M.H.); (M.R.)
- Research and Developmental Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (G.E.-M.); (J.A.R.-Q.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.); (J.M.H.); (M.R.)
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.); (J.M.H.); (M.R.)
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Casas
- SJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (R.P.); (C.R.); (M.C.)
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (G.E.-M.); (J.A.R.-Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Han TS, Cho H, Sung D, Park MH. A systematic review of the impact of COVID-19 on the game addiction of children and adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:976601. [PMID: 36061296 PMCID: PMC9435970 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.976601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is reported that children and adolescents who are socially isolated experience high levels of stress and various mental health problems. At present, little research has been done to collect previous studies that focused on game addiction in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this research, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of gaming disorder during COVID-19 in children and adolescents and the various factors experienced by children and adolescents that affected gaming disorder. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane on 5 May 2021 to identify relevant literature. We extracted the prevalence estimates of game addiction from the studies to measure the global prevalence of game addiction. Then, we found the answers to the questions raised and synthesized them into several themes. RESULTS We identified 2,609 articles. Among them, studies that were not related to the topic, duplicated, and that did not meet the selection criteria were excluded, and 18 studies were selected. We rated most of the studies as moderate, and a few were low, and high. A majority of studies found an increase in game usage time and game addiction score during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some children and adolescents in emotional pain play games to communicate with their peers. Regarding parenting, violent parenting and the absence of parental supervision increase levels of game addiction in children. Gaming disorder was caused by the impact of COVID-19 in a vulnerable group with predisposing factors such as depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Adolescents and males scored higher on a game addiction scale, although we could not find any quantitative correlations due to the heterogeneous scales used for gaming addiction. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, isolated children and adolescents reported increased gaming hours as a result of coping with their psychological pain and avoiding social isolation. Their parents, who should provide proper supervision, also failed to provide appropriate support due to the stress caused by the pandemic. Mental health providers should educate children, adolescents, and their guardians on alternative ways to relieve stress and help parents effectively control their children's usage of games.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Heejun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dajung Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|