1
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Chou CC, Vest R, Prado MA, Wilson-Grady J, Paulo JA, Shibuya Y, Moran-Losada P, Lee TT, Luo J, Gygi SP, Kelly JW, Finley D, Wernig M, Wyss-Coray T, Frydman J. Human tNeurons reveal aging-linked proteostasis deficits driving Alzheimer's phenotypes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4407236. [PMID: 38853828 PMCID: PMC11160905 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4407236/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal phenotypes remain elusive. Both accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain1 and age-linked organelle deficits2-7 are proposed as causes of AD phenotypes but the relationship between these events is unclear. Here, we address this question using a transdifferentiated neuron (tNeuron) model directly from human dermal fibroblasts. Patient-derived tNeurons retain aging hallmarks and exhibit AD-linked deficits. Quantitative tNeuron proteomic analyses identify aging and AD-linked deficits in proteostasis and organelle homeostasis, particularly affecting endosome-lysosomal components. The proteostasis and lysosomal homeostasis deficits in aged tNeurons are exacerbated in sporadic and familial AD tNeurons, promoting constitutive lysosomal damage and defects in ESCRT-mediated repair. We find deficits in neuronal lysosomal homeostasis lead to inflammatory cytokine secretion, cell death and spontaneous development of Aß and phospho-Tau deposits. These proteotoxic inclusions co-localize with lysosomes and damage markers and resemble inclusions in brain tissue from AD patients and APP-transgenic mice. Supporting the centrality of lysosomal deficits driving AD phenotypes, lysosome-function enhancing compounds reduce AD-associated cytokine secretion and Aβ deposits. We conclude that proteostasis and organelle deficits are upstream initiating factors leading to neuronal aging and AD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chieh Chou
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ryan Vest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Qinotto, Inc. San Carlos, California, USA
| | - Miguel A. Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joshua Wilson-Grady
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yohei Shibuya
- Departments of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Patricia Moran-Losada
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Lee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jian Luo
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Inc. (PAVIR), Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Departments of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Lead contact
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2
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Aisenbrey C, Bechinger B. Multimerization of the heptad repeat regions of the SARS-CoV 2 spike protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184259. [PMID: 38061554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The heptad repeat 1 and 2 (HR1, HR2) regions in the spike protein of SARS-CoV 2 play a key role in the fusogenic mechanism of the virus with the host cell. During the fusion process they are thought to rearrange into an interdomain multimer. Functional fragments of the heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions in the spike protein of SARS-CoV 2 were chemically synthesized, labeled with nitrofurazone (NBD) and their interactions investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Steady state emission, fluorescence quenching, anisotropy and lifetime measurements in combination with a fluorophore dilution scheme were used to dissect multimer formation of HR1 and HR2 in quantitative detail. In addition, the investigation of the multimers by homo-FRET (via anisotropy) and lifetime measurements reveals new insights into the mechanism of fluorophore-fluorophore interactions in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Aisenbrey
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
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3
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Mieling M, Göttlich M, Yousuf M, Bunzeck N. Basal forebrain activity predicts functional degeneration in the entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad262. [PMID: 37901036 PMCID: PMC10608112 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent models of Alzheimer's disease suggest the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM) as an early origin of structural degeneration followed by the entorhinal cortex (EC). However, the functional properties of NbM and EC regarding amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau remain unclear. We analysed resting-state functional fMRI data with CSF assays from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n = 71) at baseline and 2 years later. At baseline, local activity, as quantified by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, differentiated between normal and abnormal CSF groups in the NbM but not EC. Further, NbM activity linearly decreased as a function of CSF ratio, resembling the disease status. Finally, NbM activity predicted the annual percentage signal change in EC, but not the reverse, independent from CSF ratio. Our findings give novel insights into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by showing that local activity in NbM is affected by proteinopathology and predicts functional degeneration within the EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Mieling
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Martin Göttlich
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Mushfa Yousuf
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Nico Bunzeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
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4
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Hrybouski S, Das SR, Xie L, Wisse LEM, Kelley M, Lane J, Sherin M, DiCalogero M, Nasrallah I, Detre J, Yushkevich PA, Wolk DA. Aging and Alzheimer's disease have dissociable effects on local and regional medial temporal lobe connectivity. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad245. [PMID: 37767219 PMCID: PMC10521906 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional disruption of the medial temporal lobe-dependent networks is thought to underlie episodic memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies revealed that the anterior medial temporal lobe is more vulnerable to pathological and neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, cognitive and structural imaging literature indicates posterior, as opposed to anterior, medial temporal lobe vulnerability in normal aging. However, the extent to which Alzheimer's and aging-related pathological processes relate to functional disruption of the medial temporal lobe-dependent brain networks is poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we examined functional connectivity alterations in the medial temporal lobe and its immediate functional neighbourhood-the Anterior-Temporal and Posterior-Medial brain networks-in normal agers, individuals with preclinical Alzheimer's disease and patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. In the Anterior-Temporal network and in the perirhinal cortex, in particular, we observed an inverted 'U-shaped' relationship between functional connectivity and Alzheimer's stage. According to our results, the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by increased functional connectivity between the perirhinal cortex and other regions of the medial temporal lobe, as well as between the anterior medial temporal lobe and its one-hop neighbours in the Anterior-Temporal system. This effect is no longer present in symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. Instead, patients with symptomatic Alzheimer's disease displayed reduced hippocampal connectivity within the medial temporal lobe as well as hypoconnectivity within the Posterior-Medial system. For normal aging, our results led to three main conclusions: (i) intra-network connectivity of both the Anterior-Temporal and Posterior-Medial networks declines with age; (ii) the anterior and posterior segments of the medial temporal lobe become increasingly decoupled from each other with advancing age; and (iii) the posterior subregions of the medial temporal lobe, especially the parahippocampal cortex, are more vulnerable to age-associated loss of function than their anterior counterparts. Together, the current results highlight evolving medial temporal lobe dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and indicate different neurobiological mechanisms of the medial temporal lobe network disruption in aging versus Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislau Hrybouski
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandhitsu R Das
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Long Xie
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura E M Wisse
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Melissa Kelley
- Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lane
- Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica Sherin
- Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael DiCalogero
- Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ilya Nasrallah
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Detre
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul A Yushkevich
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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5
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Rollo J, Crawford J, Hardy J. A dynamical systems approach for multiscale synthesis of Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Neuron 2023; 111:2126-2139. [PMID: 37172582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a spatially dynamic pathology that implicates a growing volume of multiscale data spanning genetic, cellular, tissue, and organ levels of the organization. These data and bioinformatics analyses provide clear evidence for the interactions within and between these levels. The resulting heterarchy precludes a linear neuron-centric approach and necessitates that the numerous interactions are measured in a way that predicts their impact on the emergent dynamics of the disease. This level of complexity confounds intuition, and we propose a new methodology that uses non-linear dynamical systems modeling to augment intuition and that links with a community-wide participatory platform to co-create and test system-level hypotheses and interventions. In addition to enabling the integration of multiscale knowledge, key benefits include a more rapid innovation cycle and a rational process for prioritization of data campaigns. We argue that such an approach is essential to support the discovery of multilevel-coordinated polypharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rollo
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - John Crawford
- Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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6
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Mieling M, Göttlich M, Yousuf M, Bunzeck N. Basal forebrain activity predicts functional degeneration in the entorhinal cortex and decreases with Alzheimer's Disease progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534523. [PMID: 37034733 PMCID: PMC10081194 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent models of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) suggest the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM) as the origin of structural degeneration followed by the entorhinal cortex (EC). However, the functional properties of NbM and EC regarding amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau remain unclear. METHODS We analyzed resting-state (rs)fMRI data with CSF assays from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, n=71) at baseline and two years later. RESULTS At baseline, local activity, as quantified by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), differentiated between normal and abnormal CSF groups in the NbM but not EC. Further, NbM activity linearly decreased as a function of CSF ratio, resembling the disease status. Finally, NbM activity predicted the annual percentage signal change in EC, but not the reverse, independent from CSF ratio. DISCUSSION Our findings give novel insights into the pathogenesis of AD by showing that local activity in NbM is affected by proteinopathology and predicts functional degeneration within the EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Mieling
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martin Göttlich
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mushfa Yousuf
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nico Bunzeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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7
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Zhao S, Fan Z, Zhang X, Li Z, Shen T, Li K, Yan Y, Yuan Y, Pu J, Tian J, Liu Z, Chen Y, Zhang B. Metformin Attenuates Tau Pathology in Tau-Seeded PS19 Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:452-463. [PMID: 36422837 PMCID: PMC10121992 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau is a histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Growing evidence demonstrated that tau pathology in AD spreads in a prion-like manner. Previous studies showed that metformin might have a positive effect on cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of metformin on tau propagation. Brain extracts containing tau aggregates were unilaterally injected into the hippocampus and the overlying cerebral cortex of PS19 mice. Metformin was administrated through drinking water for four months, and we observed tau spreading in the brain of tau-seeded PS19 mice. Metformin inhibited the spreading of tau pathology in the ipsilateral hemisphere, attenuated tau pathology in the contralateral hemisphere, and reduced the hyperphosphorylation of tau at Ser202/Thr205, Thr231, and Ser422 sites in the soluble fraction and Ser202/Thr205, Ser262, Thr396, Thr231, and Ser422 sites in the insoluble fraction of tau-seeded PS19 mice brains. Metformin did not affect tau kinases or phosphatase 2A protein levels but reduced mTORC1 protein levels. Additionally, metformin reduced learning and memory deficits of the tau-seeded PS19 mice. These findings indicate that metformin reduced tau hyperphosphorylation, attenuated tau pathology in tau-seeded PS19 mice, and improved learning and memory deficits. These findings highlight the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of metformin on cognition, implying that metformin could be a promising drug for the prevention and early treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Janssen K, Claes F, Van de Velde D, Wehbi VL, Houben B, Lampi Y, Nys M, Khodaparast L, Khodaparast L, Louros N, van der Kant R, Verniers J, Garcia T, Ramakers M, Konstantoulea K, Maragkou K, Duran-Romaña R, Musteanu M, Barbacid M, Scorneaux B, Beirnaert E, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F. Exploiting the intrinsic misfolding propensity of the KRAS oncoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214921120. [PMID: 36812200 PMCID: PMC9992772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214921120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant KRAS is a major driver of oncogenesis in a multitude of cancers but remains a challenging target for classical small molecule drugs, motivating the exploration of alternative approaches. Here, we show that aggregation-prone regions (APRs) in the primary sequence of the oncoprotein constitute intrinsic vulnerabilities that can be exploited to misfold KRAS into protein aggregates. Conveniently, this propensity that is present in wild-type KRAS is increased in the common oncogenic mutations at positions 12 and 13. We show that synthetic peptides (Pept-ins™) derived from two distinct KRAS APRs could induce the misfolding and subsequent loss of function of oncogenic KRAS, both of recombinantly produced protein in solution, during cell-free translation and in cancer cells. The Pept-ins exerted antiproliferative activity against a range of mutant KRAS cell lines and abrogated tumor growth in a syngeneic lung adenocarcinoma mouse model driven by mutant KRAS G12V. These findings provide proof-of-concept that the intrinsic misfolding propensity of the KRAS oncoprotein can be exploited to cause its functional inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobe Janssen
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Bert Houben
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yulia Lampi
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Nys
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laleh Khodaparast
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ladan Khodaparast
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos Louros
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob van der Kant
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joffre Verniers
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teresa Garcia
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Meine Ramakers
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina Konstantoulea
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina Maragkou
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ramon Duran-Romaña
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mónica Musteanu
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid28029, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
| | | | | | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven3000, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Hrybouski S, Das SR, Xie L, Wisse LEM, Kelley M, Lane J, Sherin M, DiCalogero M, Nasrallah I, Detre JA, Yushkevich PA, Wolk DA. Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Have Dissociable Effects on Medial Temporal Lobe Connectivity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.18.23284749. [PMID: 36711782 PMCID: PMC9882834 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.23284749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Functional disruption of the medial temporal lobe-dependent networks is thought to underlie episodic memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies revealed that the anterior medial temporal lobe is more vulnerable to pathological and neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, cognitive and structural imaging literature indicates posterior, as opposed to anterior, medial temporal lobe vulnerability in normal aging. However, the extent to which Alzheimer's and aging-related pathological processes relate to functional disruption of the medial temporal lobe-dependent brain networks is poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we examined functional connectivity alterations in the medial temporal lobe and its immediate functional neighborhood - the Anterior-Temporal and Posterior-Medial brain networks - in normal agers, individuals with preclinical Alzheimer's disease, and patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. In the Anterior-Temporal network and in the perirhinal cortex, in particular, we observed an inverted 'U-shaped' relationship between functional connectivity and Alzheimer's stage. According to our results, the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by increased functional connectivity between the perirhinal cortex and other regions of the medial temporal lobe, as well as between the anterior medial temporal lobe and its one-hop neighbors in the Anterior-Temporal system. This effect is no longer present in symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. Instead, patients with symptomatic Alzheimer's disease displayed reduced hippocampal connectivity within the medial temporal lobe as well as hypoconnectivity within the Posterior-Medial system. For normal aging, our results led to three main conclusions: (1) intra-network connectivity of both the Anterior-Temporal and Posterior-Medial networks declines with age; (2) the anterior and posterior segments of the medial temporal lobe become increasingly decoupled from each other with advancing age; and, (3) the posterior subregions of the medial temporal lobe, especially the parahippocampal cortex, are more vulnerable to age-associated loss of function than their anterior counterparts. Together, the current results highlight evolving medial temporal lobe dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and indicate different neurobiological mechanisms of the medial temporal lobe network disruption in aging vs. Alzheimer's disease.
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10
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Mitroshina EV, Pakhomov AM, Krivonosov MI, Yarkov RS, Gavrish MS, Shkirin AV, Ivanchenko MV, Vedunova MV. Novel Algorithm of Network Calcium Dynamics Analysis for Studying the Role of Astrocytes in Neuronal Activity in Alzheimer's Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415928. [PMID: 36555569 PMCID: PMC9781291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated experimental data strongly suggest that astrocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The effect of astrocytes on the calcium activity of neuron-astroglia networks in AD modelling was the object of the present study. We have expanded and improved our approach's capabilities to analyze calcium activity. We have developed a novel algorithm to construct dynamic directed graphs of both astrocytic and neuronal networks. The proposed algorithm allows us not only to identify functional relationships between cells and determine the presence of network activity, but also to characterize the spread of the calcium signal from cell to cell. Our study showed that Alzheimer's astrocytes can change the functional pattern of the calcium activity of healthy nerve cells. When healthy nerve cells were cocultivated with astrocytes treated with Aβ42, activation of calcium signaling was found. When healthy nerve cells were cocultivated with 5xFAD astrocytes, inhibition of calcium signaling was observed. In this regard, it seems relevant to further study astrocytic-neuronal interactions as an important factor in the regulation of the functional activity of brain cells during neurodegenerative processes. The approach to the analysis of streaming imaging data developed by the authors is a promising tool for studying the collective calcium dynamics of nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Mitroshina
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-950-604-5137
| | - Alexander M. Pakhomov
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Mikhail I. Krivonosov
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Roman S. Yarkov
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Maria S. Gavrish
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Shkirin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 38, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Laser Physics Department, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe Sh. 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Ivanchenko
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Maria V. Vedunova
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
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11
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Bajic VP, Salhi A, Lakota K, Radovanovic A, Razali R, Zivkovic L, Spremo-Potparevic B, Uludag M, Tifratene F, Motwalli O, Marchand B, Bajic VB, Gojobori T, Isenovic ER, Essack M. DES-Amyloidoses “Amyloidoses through the looking-glass”: A knowledgebase developed for exploring and linking information related to human amyloid-related diseases. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271737. [PMID: 35877764 PMCID: PMC9312389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 30 types of amyloids are linked to close to 50 diseases in humans, the most prominent being Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is brain-related local amyloidosis, while another amyloidosis, such as AA amyloidosis, tends to be more systemic. Therefore, we need to know more about the biological entities’ influencing these amyloidosis processes. However, there is currently no support system developed specifically to handle this extraordinarily complex and demanding task. To acquire a systematic view of amyloidosis and how this may be relevant to the brain and other organs, we needed a means to explore "amyloid network systems" that may underly processes that leads to an amyloid-related disease. In this regard, we developed the DES-Amyloidoses knowledgebase (KB) to obtain fast and relevant information regarding the biological network related to amyloid proteins/peptides and amyloid-related diseases. This KB contains information obtained through text and data mining of available scientific literature and other public repositories. The information compiled into the DES-Amyloidoses system based on 19 topic-specific dictionaries resulted in 796,409 associations between terms from these dictionaries. Users can explore this information through various options, including enriched concepts, enriched pairs, and semantic similarity. We show the usefulness of the KB using an example focused on inflammasome-amyloid associations. To our knowledge, this is the only KB dedicated to human amyloid-related diseases derived primarily through literature text mining and complemented by data mining that provides a novel way of exploring information relevant to amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladan P. Bajic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences “VINCA", Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
- * E-mail: (ME); (VPB)
| | - Adil Salhi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Katja Lakota
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Radovanovic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rozaimi Razali
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lada Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Mahmut Uludag
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faroug Tifratene
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Olaa Motwalli
- Saudi Electronic University (SEU), College of Computing and Informatics, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Vladimir B. Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences “VINCA", Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (ME); (VPB)
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12
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Ano Y, Takaichi Y, Ohya R, Uchida K, Nakayama H, Takashima A. Tryptophan-tyrosine dipeptide improves tau-related symptoms in tauopathy mice. Nutr Neurosci 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35816407 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2090075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involving pathological tau protein aggregation are collectively known as tauopathies and include Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease. Recent studies show that the intake of tryptophan-tyrosine (Trp-Tyr)-related β-lactopeptides, including β-lactolin, attenuates cognitive decline in the elderly and prevents the amyloid pathology in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. However, the effects of Trp-Tyr-related β-lactopeptides on tau-related pathology have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effects of Trp-Tyr dipeptide intake on tauopathy in PS19 transgenic mice, a well-established tauopathy model. Intake of Trp-Tyr dipeptide improved the behavioral deficits observed in the open field test, prevented tau phosphorylation, and increased the dopamine turnover and synaptophysin expression in the frontal cortex. Levels of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum were lower in PS19 mice than those in wild-type mice and were increased by treatment with Trp-Tyr dipeptide. In addition, intake of Trp-Tyr dipeptide extended the lifespan of PS19 mice. These findings suggest that the intake of Trp-Tyr-related peptides improves tauopathy symptoms, resulting in improvements in behavioral deficits and longevity. Hence, the intake of Trp-Tyr-related peptides, including β-lactolin, may be beneficial for preventing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Takaichi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rena Ohya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Hou C, Li J, Wang B, Liu Q, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Wang W, Ren W, Cui X, Yang X. Dynamic Evolution of the Glymphatic System at the Early Stages of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2022; 13:924080. [PMID: 35847203 PMCID: PMC9283644 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.924080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The early stages of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are extremely important for the progression and prognosis of this disease. The glymphatic system (GS) has positive implications for the nervous system due to its ability to clearance tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) protein. Previous studies have shown that GS dysfunction will appear after SAH. However, there is no systematic evaluation of the degree of damage and development process of GS function in the early stage after SAH. In this study, we evaluated the GS function and neurobehavioral in the sham, 6 h, 1, 3, and 7 days after SAH, respectively. Our results showed that the function of GS was severely attenuated in mice after SAH with a decreased polarity of Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), increased expression of AQP4, a linear correlation with the dystrophin-associated complex (DAC), the proliferation of reactive astrocytes, increased tau protein accumulation, and decreased neurological function. Collectively, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the functional changes of GS after SAH, provide references for subsequent scholars studying SAH, and suggest some potential mechanistic insight that affects AQP4 polarity and GS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkai Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangyue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanlei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Ren
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyu Yang
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14
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Kim G, Chen X, Yang Y. Pathogenic Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Signaling in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1119-1132. [PMID: 35426061 PMCID: PMC9587178 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), once considered a pathway for cells to remove waste, have now emerged as an important mechanism for intercellular communication. EVs are particularly appealing in understanding the central nervous system (CNS) communication, given that there are very diverse cell types in the CNS and constant communications among various cells to respond to the frequently changing environment. While they are heterogeneous and new vesicles are continuously to be discovered, EVs are primarily classified as plasma membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs) and endosome-derived exosomes. Secretion of EVs has been shown from all CNS cell types in vitro and intercellular EV signaling has been implicated in neural development, axon integrity, neuron to glia communication, and propagation of protein aggregates formed by disease pathogenic proteins. However, significant hurdles remain to be tackled in understanding their physiological and pathological roles as well as how they can be developed as biomarkers or new therapeutics. Here we provide our summary on the known cell biology of EVs and discuss opportunities and challenges in understanding EV biology in the CNS and particularly their involvement in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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15
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Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease for preclinical research. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105361. [PMID: 35618239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Most mouse models for preclinical research into Alzheimer's disease (AD) rely on the overexpression paradigm, in which familial AD (FAD)-related genes linked to amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 (PSEN1) are overexpressed. Such mice have been used for over two decades as the first-generation transgenic lines for AD, with animals exhibiting AD pathologies along with additional phenotypes, leading to the serious artifacts. To overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of the overexpression paradigm, we previously developed second-generation mouse models that incorporate humanized amyloid β (Aβ) sequences and several FAD-related mutations on the mouse endogenous App gene. Such models show AD pathologies in an age-dependent manner. In addition, our group recently generated additional lines of mice harboring multiple mutations without gene overexpression; these third-generation models exhibit an accelerated AD pathology compared to earlier generations. In this review, we describe the development and future prospects of AD mouse models in terms of their scientific properties and therapeutic perspectives in the context of the preclinical study of AD.
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16
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Pandya S, Maia PD, Freeze B, Menke RAL, Talbot K, Turner MR, Raj A. Modeling seeding and neuroanatomic spread of pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroimage 2022; 251:118968. [PMID: 35143975 PMCID: PMC10729776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons, with pathological involvement of cerebral motor and extra-motor areas in a clinicopathological spectrum with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). A key unresolved issue is how the non-random distribution of pathology in ALS reflects differential network vulnerability, including molecular factors such as regional gene expression, or preferential spread of pathology via anatomical connections. A system of histopathological staging of ALS based on the regional burden of TDP-43 pathology observed in postmortem brains has been supported to some extent by analysis of distribution of in vivo structural MRI changes. In this paper, computational modeling using a Network Diffusion Model (NDM) was used to investigate whether a process of focal pathological 'seeding' followed by structural network-based spread recapitulated postmortem histopathological staging and, secondly, whether this had any correlation to the pattern of expression of a panel of genes implicated in ALS across the healthy brain. Regionally parcellated T1-weighted MRI data from ALS patients (baseline n=79) was studied in relation to a healthy control structural connectome and a database of associated regional cerebral gene expression. The NDM provided strong support for a structural network-based basis for regional pathological spread in ALS, but no simple relationship to the spatial distribution of ALS-related genes in the healthy brain. Interestingly, OPTN gene was identified as a significant but a weaker non-NDM contributor within the network-gene interaction model (LASSO). Intriguingly, the critical seed regions for spread within the model were not within the primary motor cortex but basal ganglia, thalamus and insula, where NDM recapitulated aspects of the postmortem histopathological staging system. Within the ALS-FTD clinicopathological spectrum, non-primary motor structures may be among the earliest sites of cerebral pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Pandya
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Pedro D Maia
- Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin Freeze
- Scripps Health/MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, CA, United States
| | - Ricarda A L Menke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, West Wing Level 6, Oxford OX2 7PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Turner
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, West Wing Level 6, Oxford OX2 7PZ, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Ashish Raj
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, United States.
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17
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Riley KJ, Graner BD, Veronesi MC. The tauopathies: Neuroimaging characteristics and emerging experimental therapies. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:565-581. [PMID: 35470528 PMCID: PMC9545715 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tauopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders in which the prevailing underlying disease process is intracellular deposition of abnormal misfolded tau protein. Diseases often categorized as tauopathies include progressive supranuclear palsy, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, corticobasal degeneration, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Tauopathies can be classified through clinical assessment, imaging findings, histologic validation, or molecular biomarkers tied to the underlying disease mechanism. Many tauopathies vary in their clinical presentation and overlap substantially in presentation, making clinical diagnosis of a specific primary tauopathy difficult. Anatomic imaging findings are also rarely specific to a single tauopathy, and when present may not manifest until well after the point at which therapy may be most impactful. Molecular biomarkers hold the most promise for patient care and form a platform upon which emerging diagnostic and therapeutic applications could be developed. One of the most exciting developments utilizing these molecular biomarkers for assessment of tau deposition within the brain is tau‐PET imaging utilizing novel ligands that specifically target tau protein. This review will discuss the background, significance, and clinical presentation of each tauopathy with additional attention to the pathologic mechanisms at the protein level. The imaging characteristics will be outlined with select examples of emerging imaging techniques. Finally, current treatment options and emerging therapies will be discussed. This is by no means a comprehensive review of the literature but is instead intended for the practicing radiologist as an overview of a rapidly evolving topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalen J Riley
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brian D Graner
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael C Veronesi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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18
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Chatterjee D, Jacob RS, Ray S, Navalkar A, Singh N, Sengupta S, Gadhe L, Kadu P, Datta D, Paul A, Arunima S, Mehra S, Pindi C, Kumar S, Singru P, Senapati S, Maji SK. Co-aggregation and secondary nucleation in the life cycle of human prolactin/galanin functional amyloids. eLife 2022; 11:73835. [PMID: 35257659 PMCID: PMC8993219 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic-aggregation and cross-seeding by two different proteins/peptides in the amyloid aggregation are well evident in various neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we show co-storage of human Prolactin (PRL), which is associated with lactation in mammals, and neuropeptide galanin (GAL) as functional amyloids in secretory granules (SGs) of the female rat. Using a wide variety of biophysical studies, we show that irrespective of the difference in sequence and structure, both hormones facilitate their synergic aggregation to amyloid fibrils. Although each hormone possesses homotypic seeding ability, a unidirectional cross-seeding of GAL aggregation by PRL seeds and the inability of cross seeding by mixed fibrils suggest tight regulation of functional amyloid formation by these hormones for their efficient storage in SGs. Further, the faster release of functional hormones from mixed fibrils compared to the corresponding individual amyloid, suggests a novel mechanism of heterologous amyloid formation in functional amyloids of SGs in the pituitary. The formation of plaques of proteins called ‘amyloids’ in the brain is one of the hallmark characteristics of both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, but amyloids can form in many tissues and organs, often disrupting normal activity. A lot of the research into amyloids has focused on their role in disease, but it turns out that amyloids can also appear in healthy tissues. For example, some protein hormones form amyloids that act as storage depots, helping cells to release the hormone when it is needed. Normally, amyloids are made mostly of a single type of protein or protein fragment associated with a particular disease like Alzheimer's. Often, this type of amyloid promotes plaque formation in other proteins, which aggravates other diseases (for example, the amyloids that form in Alzheimer’s can lead to Parkinson’s disease or type II diabetes getting worse).The plaques start growing from small amyloid fragments called seeds. In mixed amyloids – amyloids made of two types of proteins – seeds made of one protein can trigger the formation of amyloids of the other protein. This raises the question, is this true for hormones? The body often releases more than one hormone at a time from the same tissue; for example, the pituitary gland releases prolactin and galanin simultaneously. However, these hormones have completely different structures, so whether they can form a mixed amyloid is unclear. To answer this question, Chatterjee et al. first determined that, within the pituitary gland of female rats, prolactin and galanin could be found together in the same cells, forming mixed amyloids. To understand out how this happens, Chatterjee et al. tried seeding new amyloids using either prolactin or galanin. This revealed that only prolactin seeds were able to trigger the formation of galanin amyloids. Chatterjee et al. also found that the mixed amyloids could release the hormones faster than amyloids made from either protein alone. Together, these results suggest that the collaboration between these two proteins may help maintain hormone balance in the body. Problems with hormone storage and release lead to various human diseases, including prolactinoma. Understanding amyloid storage depots could reveal new ways to control hormone levels. Further research could also help to explain more about well-studied diseases linked to amyloids, like Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdeep Chatterjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Reeba S Jacob
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Soumik Ray
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shinjinee Sengupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Laxmikant Gadhe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Pradeep Kadu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Debalina Datta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajoy Paul
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sakunthala Arunima
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Surabhi Mehra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Chinmai Pindi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Praful Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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19
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Mendoza R, Ferrer-Miralles N, Corchero JL. Eukaryotic Aggresomes: Protocols and Tips for Their Production, Purification , and Handling. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2406:417-435. [PMID: 35089572 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1859-2_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aggresomes are insoluble protein aggregates found in eukaryotic cells when the intracellular machinery is overtitered by, for example, the overexpression of a recombinant protein. These protein nanoparticles have become excellent models in studies devoted to elucidate protein aggregation processes in eukaryotic cells, like those involved in "conformational disorders" linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Since the presence of such protein aggregates is a hallmark of these conditions, they constitute an excellent target for new therapeutic approaches for such devastating pathologies. Moreover, and following the pathway opened a few years ago by bacterial inclusion bodies, eukaryotic aggresomes have been proposed as a new type of carrier-free, self-immobilized biocatalysts for use in biotechnology and biomedicine. Altogether, unraveling the characteristics and putative applications of naturally occurring protein aggregates has received an increasing interest during the last years. For that, availability of protocols allowing the production and purification of aggresomes constitute a valuable tool to boost research in the abovementioned fields. In this chapter, we describe both upstream and downstream protocols to obtain aggresomes produced in human cells, using as a model the recombinant human enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (GLA), together with technical tips and advices when working and analyzing eukaryotic aggresomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mendoza
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Corchero
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Khan AN, Qureshi IA, Khan UK, Uversky VN, Khan RH. Inhibition and disruption of amyloid formation by the antibiotic levofloxacin: A new direction for antibiotics in an era of multi-drug resistance. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 714:109077. [PMID: 34728171 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of debilitating maladies involving protein aggregation. To this day, all advances in neurodegenerative disease therapeutics have helped symptomatically but have not prevented the root cause of the disease, i.e., the aggregation of involved proteins. Antibiotics are becoming increasingly obsolete due to the rising multidrug resistance strains of bacteria. Thus, antibiotics, if put to different use as therapeutics against other diseases, could pave a new direction to the world of antibiotics. Hence, we studied the antibiotic levofloxacin for its potential anti-amyloidogenic behavior using human lysozyme, a protein involved in non-systemic amyloidosis, as a model system. At the sub-stoichiometric level, levofloxacin was able to inhibit amyloid formation in human lysozyme as observed by various spectroscopic and microscopic methods, with IC50 values as low as 8.8 ± 0.1 μM. Levofloxacin also displayed a retarding effect on seeding phenomena by elongating the lag-phase (from 0 to 88 h) at lower concentration, and arresting lysozyme fibrillation at the lag stage in sub-stoichiometric concentrations. Structural and computational analyses provided mechanistic insight showing that levofloxacin stabilizes the lysozyme in the native state by binding to the aggregation-prone residues, and thereby inhibiting amyloid fibrillation. Levofloxacin also showed the property of disrupting amyloid fibrils into a smaller polymeric form of proteins which were less cytotoxic as confirmed by hemolytic assay. Therefore, we throw new light on levofloxacin as an amyloid inhibitor and disruptor which could pave way to utilization of levofloxacin as a potential therapeutic against non-systemic amyloidosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Nasir Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Insaf Ahmed Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Umar Khalid Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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21
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Longitudinal Assessment of Tau-Associated Pathology by 18F-THK5351 PET Imaging: A Histological, Biochemical, and Behavioral Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101874. [PMID: 34679572 PMCID: PMC8535097 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several common and debilitating neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), NFTs are accompanied by extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ), but primary tauopathy disorders are marked by the accumulation of tau protein alone, including forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), among others. 18F-THK5351 has been reported to bind pathological tau as well as associated reactive astrogliosis. The goal of this study was to validate the ability of the PET tracer 18F-THK5351 to detect early changes in tau-related pathology and its relation to other pathological hallmarks. We demonstrated elevated in vivo 18F-THK5351 PET signaling over time in transgenic P301S tau mice from 8 months that had a positive correlation with histological and biochemical tau changes, as well as motor, memory, and learning impairment. This study indicates that 18F-THK5351 may help fill a critical need to develop PET imaging tracers that detect aberrant tau aggregation and related neuropathology in order to diagnose the onset of tauopathies, gain insights into their underlying pathophysiologies, and to have a reliable biomarker to follow during treatment trials.
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22
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Duggan MR, Torkzaban B, Ahooyi TM, Khalili K. Potential Role for Herpesviruses in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:855-869. [PMID: 33074235 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Across the fields of virology and neuroscience, the role of neurotropic viruses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has received renewed enthusiasm, with a particular focus on human herpesviruses (HHVs). Recent genomic analyses of brain tissue collections and investigations of the antimicrobial responses of amyloid-β do not exclude a role of HHVs in contributing to or accelerating AD pathogenesis. Due to continued expansion in our aging cohort and the lack of effective treatments for AD, this composition examines a potential neuroviral theory of AD in light of these recent data. Consideration reveals a possible viral "Hit-and-Run" scenario of AD, as well as neurobiological mechanisms (i.e., neuroinflammation, protein quality control, oxidative stress) that may increase risk for AD following neurotropic infection. Although limitations exist, this theoretical framework reveals several novel therapeutic targets that may prove efficacious in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Duggan
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bahareh Torkzaban
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taha Mohseni Ahooyi
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Bhattacharya U, Jhou JF, Zou YF, Abrigo G, Lin SW, Chen YH, Chien FC, Tai HC. Surface charge manipulation and electrostatic immobilization of synaptosomes for super-resolution imaging: a study on tau compartmentalization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18583. [PMID: 34545174 PMCID: PMC8452691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomes are subcellular fractions prepared from brain tissues that are enriched in synaptic terminals, widely used for the study of neural transmission and synaptic dysfunction. Immunofluorescence imaging is increasingly applied to synaptosomes to investigate protein localization. However, conventional methods for imaging synaptosomes over glass coverslips suffer from formaldehyde-induced aggregation. Here, we developed a facile strategy to capture and image synaptosomes without aggregation artefacts. First, ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) (EGS) is chosen as the chemical fixative to replace formaldehyde. EGS/glycine treatment makes the zeta potential of synaptosomes more negative. Second, we modified glass coverslips with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to impart positive charges. EGS-fixed synaptosomes spontaneously attach to modified glasses via electrostatic attraction while maintaining good dispersion. Individual synaptic terminals are imaged by conventional fluorescence microscopy or by super-resolution techniques such as direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). We examined tau protein by two-color and three-color dSTORM to understand its spatial distribution within mouse cortical synapses, observing tau colocalization with synaptic vesicles as well postsynaptic densities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia-Fong Jhou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fong Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Gerald Abrigo
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ching Chien
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hwan-Ching Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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24
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Kayed R, Dettmer U, Lesné SE. Soluble endogenous oligomeric α-synuclein species in neurodegenerative diseases: Expression, spreading, and cross-talk. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 10:791-818. [PMID: 32508330 PMCID: PMC7458533 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-201965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is growing recognition in the field of neurodegenerative diseases that mixed proteinopathies are occurring at greater frequency than originally thought. This is particularly true for three amyloid proteins defining most of these neurological disorders, amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, and alpha-synuclein (αSyn). The co-existence and often co-localization of aggregated forms of these proteins has led to the emergence of concepts positing molecular interactions and cross-seeding between Aβ, tau, and αSyn aggregates. Amongst this trio, αSyn has received particular attention in this context during recent years due to its ability to modulate Aβ and tau aggregation in vivo, to interact at a molecular level with Aβ and tau in vivo and to cross-seed tau in mice. Here we provide a comprehensive, critical, and accessible review about the expression, role and nature of endogenous soluble αSyn oligomers because of recent developments in the understanding of αSyn multimerization, misfolding, aggregation, cross-talk, spreading and cross-seeding in neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. We will also discuss our current understanding about the relative toxicity of endogenous αSyn oligomers in vivo and in vitro, and introduce potential opportunities to counter their deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakez Kayed
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience & Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA,George and Cynthia Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain E. Lesné
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Correspondence to: Sylvain E. Lesné, PhD, University of Minnesota, Wallin Medical Biosciences Building (Room 4-114), 2101 Sixth Street SE, CDC 2641, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Tel.: +1 612 626 8341; E-mail: ; Website: https://lesnelab.org
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25
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King-Robson J, Wilson H, Politis M. Associations Between Amyloid and Tau Pathology, and Connectome Alterations, in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:541-560. [PMID: 34057079 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of amyloid-β and tau in the degenerative process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain uncertain. [18F]AV-45 and [18F]AV-1451 PET quantify amyloid-β and tau pathology, respectively, while diffusion tractography enables detection of their microstructural consequences. OBJECTIVE Examine the impact of amyloid-β and tau pathology on the structural connectome and cognition, in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. METHODS Combined [18F]AV-45 and [18F]AV-1451 PET, diffusion tractography, and cognitive assessment in 28 controls, 32 MCI, and 26 AD patients. RESULTS Hippocampal connectivity was reduced to the thalami, right lateral orbitofrontal, and right amygdala in MCI; alongside the insula, posterior cingulate, right entorhinal, and numerous cortical regions in AD (all p < 0.05). Hippocampal strength inversely correlated with [18F]AV-1451 SUVr in MCI (r = -0.55, p = 0.049) and AD (r = -0.57, p = 0.046), while reductions in hippocampal connectivity to ipsilateral brain regions correlated with increased [18F]AV-45 SUVr in those same regions in MCI (r = -0.33, p = 0.003) and AD (r = -0.31, p = 0.006). Cognitive scores correlated with connectivity of the right temporal pole in MCI (r = -0.60, p = 0.035) and left hippocampus in AD (r = 0.69, p = 0.024). Clinical Dementia Rating Scale scores correlated with [18F]AV-1451 SUVr in multiple areas reflecting Braak stages I-IV, including the right (r = 0.65, p = 0.004) entorhinal cortex in MCI; and Braak stages III-VI, including the right (r = 0.062, p = 0.009) parahippocampal gyrus in AD. CONCLUSION Reductions in hippocampal connectivity predominate in the AD connectome, correlating with hippocampal tau in MCI and AD, and with amyloid-β in the target regions of those connections. Cognitive scores correlate with microstructural changes and reflect the accumulation of tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh King-Robson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heather Wilson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.,Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK
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26
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Raj A, Tora V, Gao X, Cho H, Choi JY, Ryu YH, Lyoo CH, Franchi B. Combined Model of Aggregation and Network Diffusion Recapitulates Alzheimer's Regional Tau-Positron Emission Tomography. Brain Connect 2021; 11:624-638. [PMID: 33947253 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease involves widespread and progressive deposition of misfolded protein tau (τ), first appearing in the entorhinal cortex, coagulating in longer polymers and insoluble fibrils. There is mounting evidence for "prion-like" trans-neuronal transmission, whereby misfolded proteins cascade along neuronal pathways, giving rise to networked spread. However, the cause-effect mechanisms by which various oligomeric τ species are produced, aggregate, and disseminate are unknown. The question of how protein aggregation and subsequent spread lead to stereotyped progression in the Alzheimer brain remains unresolved. Materials and Methods: We address these questions by using mathematically precise parsimonious modeling of these pathophysiological processes, extrapolated to the whole brain. We model three key processes: τ monomer production; aggregation into oligomers and then into tangles; and the spatiotemporal progression of misfolded τ as it ramifies into neural circuits via the brain connectome. We model monomer seeding and production at the entorhinal cortex, aggregation using Smoluchowski equations; and networked spread using our prior Network-Diffusion model. Results: This combined aggregation-network-diffusion model exhibits all hallmarks of τ progression seen in human patients. Unlike previous theoretical studies of protein aggregation, we present here an empirical validation on in vivo imaging and fluid τ measurements from large datasets. The model accurately captures not just the spatial distribution of empirical regional τ and atrophy but also patients' cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated τ profiles as a function of disease progression. Conclusion: This unified quantitative and testable model has the potential to explain observed phenomena and serve as a test-bed for future hypothesis generation and testing in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Raj
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Veronica Tora
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Universita' di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruno Franchi
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Universita' di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Willbold D, Strodel B, Schröder GF, Hoyer W, Heise H. Amyloid-type Protein Aggregation and Prion-like Properties of Amyloids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8285-8307. [PMID: 34137605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on the process of amyloid-type protein aggregation. Amyloid fibrils are an important hallmark of protein misfolding diseases and therefore have been investigated for decades. Only recently, however, atomic or near-atomic resolution structures have been elucidated from various in vitro and ex vivo obtained fibrils. In parallel, the process of fibril formation has been studied in vitro under highly artificial but comparatively reproducible conditions. The review starts with a summary of what is known and speculated from artificial in vitro amyloid-type protein aggregation experiments. A partially hypothetic fibril selection model will be described that may be suitable to explain why amyloid fibrils look the way they do, in particular, why at least all so far reported high resolution cryo-electron microscopy obtained fibril structures are in register, parallel, cross-β-sheet fibrils that mostly consist of two protofilaments twisted around each other. An intrinsic feature of the model is the prion-like nature of all amyloid assemblies. Transferring the model from the in vitro point of view to the in vivo situation is not straightforward, highly hypothetic, and leaves many open questions that need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gunnar F Schröder
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Physics Department, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henrike Heise
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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28
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Yoon HJ, Kim BS, Jeong JH, Kim GH, Park HK, Chun MY. Asymmetric Amyloid Deposition as an Early Sign of Progression in Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer Disease. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:527-531. [PMID: 33883492 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In typical Alzheimer disease with dementia (ADD), amyloid pathologies affect both cerebral hemispheres symmetrically. However, the spatial distribution of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the early stage of ADD or over the course of disease has not been investigated. Therefore, we explored asymmetric pattern of Aβ deposition in both hemispheres according to the ADD continuum using 18F-florbetaben PET. METHODS Sixty-eight subjects, including 15 Aβ-negative normal controls, 28 Aβ-positive mild cognitive impairment (Aβ+ MCI), and 25 Aβ-positive ADD (Aβ+ ADD) subjects, were enrolled. Differences in the asymmetry index and SUV ratio in each of the 6 target regions (4 cortical lobes, cingulate, precuneus) plus composite region between groups were explored. RESULTS The composite and target regional asymmetry indices were significantly different between groups and was highest in Aβ+ MCI (composite, occipital, and temporal, P < 0.001; frontal, P = 0.004). The composite and target regional SUV ratios were significantly different according to 3 groups with gradual increase and were highest in Aβ+ ADD (composite and all target regions, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The asymmetric pattern of amyloid deposition was distinct between Aβ-negative normal controls and Aβ+ MCI. This pattern disappeared as the disease progressed. These data indicate that asymmetric amyloid deposition may be an early sign of MCI over the course of ADD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Neurology, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Ha Kim
- Neurology, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min Young Chun
- Neurology, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Kumar V, Sinha N, Thakur AK. Necessity of regulatory guidelines for the development of amyloid based biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4410-4422. [PMID: 34018497 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases are caused due to protein homeostasis failure where incorrectly folded proteins/peptides form cross-β-sheet rich amyloid fibrillar structures. Besides proteins/peptides, small metabolite assemblies also exhibit amyloid-like features. These structures are linked to several human and animal diseases. In addition, non-toxic amyloids with diverse physiological roles are characterized as a new functional class. This finding, along with the unique properties of amyloid like stability and mechanical strength, led to a surge in the development of amyloid-based biomaterials. However, the usage of these materials by humans and animals may pose a health risk such as the development of amyloid diseases and toxicity. This is possible because amyloid-based biomaterials and their fragments may assist seeding and cross-seeding mechanisms of amyloid formation in the body. This review summarizes the potential uses of amyloids as biomaterials, the concerns regarding their usage, and a prescribed workflow to initiate a regulatory approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nabodita Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
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30
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Raj A. Graph Models of Pathology Spread in Alzheimer's Disease: An Alternative to Conventional Graph Theoretic Analysis. Brain Connect 2021; 11:799-814. [PMID: 33858198 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Graph theory and connectomics are new techniques for uncovering disease-induced changes in the brain's structural network. Most prior studied have focused on network statistics as biomarkers of disease. However, an emerging body of work involves exploring how the network serves as a conduit for the propagation of disease factors in the brain and has successfully mapped the functional and pathological consequences of disease propagation. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive deposition of misfolded proteins amyloid and tau is well-known to follow fiber projections, under a "prion-like" trans-neuronal transmission mechanism, through which misfolded proteins cascade along neuronal pathways, giving rise to network spread. Methods: In this review, we survey the state of the art in mathematical modeling of connectome-mediated pathology spread in AD. Then we address several open questions that are amenable to mathematically precise parsimonious modeling of pathophysiological processes, extrapolated to the whole brain. We specifically identify current formal models of how misfolded proteins are produced, aggregate, and disseminate in brain circuits, and attempt to understand how this process leads to stereotyped progression in Alzheimer's and other related diseases. Conclusion: This review serves to unify current efforts in modeling of AD progression that together have the potential to explain observed phenomena and serve as a test-bed for future hypothesis generation and testing in silico. Impact statement Graph theory is a powerful new approach that is transforming the study of brain processes. There do not exist many focused reviews of the subfield of graph modeling of how Alzheimer's and other dementias propagate within the brain network, and how these processes can be mapped mathematically. By providing timely and topical review of this subfield, we fill a critical gap in the community and present a unified view that can serve as an in silico test-bed for future hypothesis generation and testing. We also point to several open and unaddressed questions and controversies that future practitioners can tackle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Raj
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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31
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Tseng JH, Ajit A, Tabassum Z, Patel N, Tian X, Chen Y, Prevatte AW, Ling K, Rigo F, Meeker RB, Herring LE, Cohen TJ. Tau seeds are subject to aberrant modifications resulting in distinct signatures. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109037. [PMID: 33910013 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prion-like spread of tau pathology could underlie a spectrum of clinical syndromes including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although evidence indicates that tau is transmissible, it is unclear how pathogenic tau seeds are processed in neurons. Here, we analyze fibrillar wild-type and disease-associated P301L tau seeds by using in vitro and neuronal assays. We show that P301L seeds are uniquely modified by post-translational modifications (PTMs) within the microtubule-binding region (MTBR). Although these modifications do not alter tau seed trafficking or localization, acetylated tau variants show accelerated tau aggregation, enhanced tau PTM priming, and prion-like templating. To explain the enhanced tau seed acetylation, we demonstrate that P301L seeds undergo auto-acetylation. Moreover, tau acts generally to inhibit HDAC6 deacetylase activity by preventing HDAC6 phosphorylation, leading to increased substrate acetylation. Our study highlights complex post-translational regulation of transmissible tau seeds and provides insight into the biological properties of tau strains in AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Heng Tseng
- Department of Neurology and the UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aditi Ajit
- Department of Neurology and the UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zarin Tabassum
- Department of Neurology and the UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Niyati Patel
- Department of Neurology and the UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xu Tian
- Department of Neurology and the UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Youjun Chen
- Department of Neurology and the UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alex W Prevatte
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karen Ling
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Rick B Meeker
- Department of Neurology and the UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Todd J Cohen
- Department of Neurology and the UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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32
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Darling AL, Dahrendorff J, Creodore SG, Dickey CA, Blair LJ, Uversky VN. Small heat shock protein 22 kDa can modulate the aggregation and liquid-liquid phase separation behavior of tau. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1350-1359. [PMID: 33686711 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease with no cure or effective treatments. The hallmarks of disease include extracellular plaques and intracellular tangles of aggregated protein. The intracellular tangles consist of the microtubule associated protein tau. Preventing the pathological aggregation of tau may be an important therapeutic approach to treat disease. In this study we show that small heat shock protein 22 kDa (Hsp22) can prevent the aggregation of tau in vitro. Additionally, tau can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in the presence of crowding reagents which causes it to have an increased aggregation rate. We show that Hsp22 can modulate both the aggregation and LLPS behavior of tau in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jan Dahrendorff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Stefan G Creodore
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chad A Dickey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Laura J Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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33
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Asher DM, Belay E, Bigio E, Brandner S, Brubaker SA, Caughey B, Clark B, Damon I, Diamond M, Freund M, Hyman BT, Jucker M, Keene CD, Lieberman AP, Mackiewicz M, Montine TJ, Morgello S, Phelps C, Safar J, Schneider JA, Schonberger LB, Sigurdson C, Silverberg N, Trojanowski JQ, Frosch MP. Risk of Transmissibility From Neurodegenerative Disease-Associated Proteins: Experimental Knowns and Unknowns. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 79:1141-1146. [PMID: 33000167 PMCID: PMC7577514 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in animal models demonstrate that certain misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases can support templated misfolding of cognate native proteins, to propagate across neural systems, and to therefore have some of the properties of classical prion diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The National Institute of Aging convened a meeting to discuss the implications of these observations for research priorities. A summary of the discussion is presented here, with a focus on limitations of current knowledge, highlighting areas that appear to require further investigation in order to guide scientific practice while minimizing potential exposure or risk in the laboratory setting. The committee concluded that, based on all currently available data, although neurodegenerative disease-associated aggregates of several different non-prion proteins can be propagated from humans to experimental animals, there is currently insufficient evidence to suggest more than a negligible risk, if any, of a direct infectious etiology for the human neurodegenerative disorders defined in part by these proteins. Given the importance of this question, the potential for noninvasive human transmission of proteopathic disorders is deserving of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Asher
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ermias Belay
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eileen Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology Queen Square, London
| | - Scott A Brubaker
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Byron Caughey
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Brychan Clark
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Inger Damon
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc Diamond
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michelle Freund
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Miroslaw Mackiewicz
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Susan Morgello
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Creighton Phelps
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jiri Safar
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lawrence B Schonberger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina Sigurdson
- Department of Pathology, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Nina Silverberg
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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34
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Sanchez JS, Becker JA, Jacobs HIL, Hanseeuw BJ, Jiang S, Schultz AP, Properzi MJ, Katz SR, Beiser A, Satizabal CL, O'Donnell A, DeCarli C, Killiany R, El Fakhri G, Normandin MD, Gómez-Isla T, Quiroz YT, Rentz DM, Sperling RA, Seshadri S, Augustinack J, Price JC, Johnson KA. The cortical origin and initial spread of medial temporal tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease assessed with positron emission tomography. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc0655. [PMID: 33472953 PMCID: PMC7978042 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular positron emission tomography (PET) have enabled anatomic tracking of brain pathology in longitudinal studies of normal aging and dementia, including assessment of the central model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, according to which TAU pathology begins focally but expands catastrophically under the influence of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology to mediate neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Initial TAU deposition occurs many years before Aβ in a specific area of the medial temporal lobe. Building on recent work that enabled focus of molecular PET measurements on specific TAU-vulnerable convolutional temporal lobe anatomy, we applied an automated anatomic sampling method to quantify TAU PET signal in 443 adult participants from several observational studies of aging and AD, spanning a wide range of ages, Aβ burdens, and degrees of clinical impairment. We detected initial cortical emergence of tauopathy near the rhinal sulcus in clinically normal people and, in a subset with longitudinal 2-year follow-up data (n = 104), tracked Aβ-associated spread of TAU from this site first to nearby neocortex of the temporal lobe and then to extratemporal regions. Greater rate of TAU spread was associated with baseline measures of both global Aβ burden and medial temporal lobe TAU. These findings are consistent with clinicopathological correlation studies of Alzheimer's tauopathy and enable precise tracking of AD-related TAU progression for natural history studies and prevention therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Sanchez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J Alex Becker
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6211 LK, Netherlands
| | - Bernard J Hanseeuw
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels B-1348, Belgium
| | - Shu Jiang
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Properzi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha R Katz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Adrienne O'Donnell
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | | | - Ron Killiany
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Marc D Normandin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Teresa Gómez-Isla
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia 050010, Colombia
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jean Augustinack
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie C Price
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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35
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Isoform-selective decrease of glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3β) reduces synaptic tau phosphorylation, transcellular spreading, and aggregation. iScience 2021; 24:102058. [PMID: 33554064 PMCID: PMC7848608 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that aberrant activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3β) can trigger abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation, which ultimately leads to neuronal/synaptic damage and impaired cognition in Alzheimer disease (AD). We examined if isoform-selective partial reduction of GSK-3β can decrease pathological tau changes, including hyperphosphorylation, aggregation, and spreading, in mice with localized human wild-type tau (hTau) expression in the brain. We used adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) to express hTau locally in the entorhinal cortex of wild-type and GSK-3β hemi-knockout (GSK-3β-HK) mice. GSK-3β-HK mice had significantly less accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in synapses and showed a significant decrease of tau protein spread between neurons. In primary neuronal cultures from GSK-3β-HK mice, the aggregation of exogenous FTD-mutant tau was also significantly reduced. These results show that a partial decrease of GSK-3β significantly represses tau-initiated neurodegenerative changes in the brain, and therefore is a promising therapeutic target for AD and other tauopathies. Genetic reduction of GSK-3β decreases synaptic accrual of GSK-3β and p-Tau in mice Reduction of GSK-3β lowers the trans-cellular spread of tau in vivo and in vitro Reduction of GSK-3β diminishes the formation of tau aggregates in vitro
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36
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Di J, Siddique I, Li Z, Malki G, Hornung S, Dutta S, Hurst I, Ishaaya E, Wang A, Tu S, Boghos A, Ericsson I, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Bitan G. The molecular tweezer CLR01 improves behavioral deficits and reduces tau pathology in P301S-tau transgenic mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:6. [PMID: 33397489 PMCID: PMC7784007 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular tweezers (MTs) are broad-spectrum inhibitors of abnormal protein aggregation. A lead MT, called CLR01, has been demonstrated to inhibit the aggregation and toxicity of multiple amyloidogenic proteins in vitro and in vivo. Previously, we evaluated the effect of CLR01 in the 3 × Tg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, which overexpresses mutant human presenilin 1, amyloid β-protein precursor, and tau and found that subcutaneous administration of the compound for 1 month led to a robust reduction of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and microgliosis. CLR01 also has been demonstrated to inhibit tau aggregation in vitro and tau seeding in cell culture, yet because in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in the 3 × Tg model, tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation are thought to be downstream of Aβ insults, the study in this model left open the question whether CLR01 affected tau in vivo directly or indirectly. METHODS To determine if CLR01 could ameliorate tau pathology directly in vivo, we tested the compound similarly using the P301S-tau (line PS19) mouse model. Mice were administered 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg per day CLR01 and tested for muscle strength and behavioral deficits, including anxiety- and disinhibition-like behavior. Their brains then were analyzed by immunohistochemical and biochemical assays for pathological forms of tau, neurodegeneration, and glial pathology. RESULTS CLR01 treatment ameliorated muscle-strength deterioration, anxiety-, and disinhibition-like behavior. Improved phenotype was associated with decreased levels of pathologic tau forms, suggesting that CLR01 exerts a direct effect on tau in vivo. Limitations of the study included a relatively short treatment period of the mice at an age in which full pathology is not yet developed. In addition, high variability in this model lowered the statistical significance of the findings of some outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that CLR01 is a particularly attractive candidate for the treatment of AD because it targets simultaneously the two major pathogenic proteins instigating and propagating the disease, amyloid β-protein (Aβ), and tau, respectively. In addition, our study suggests that CLR01 can be used for the treatment of other tauopathies in the absence of amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Di
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ibrar Siddique
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Zizheng Li
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ghattas Malki
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Simon Hornung
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA.,Present Address: Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Suman Dutta
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ian Hurst
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ella Ishaaya
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Austin Wang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Sally Tu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ani Boghos
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ida Ericsson
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | | | - Thomas Schrader
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA. .,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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37
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Bertsch M, Franchi B, Raj A, Tesi MC. Macroscopic modelling of Alzheimer’s disease: difficulties and challenges. BRAIN MULTIPHYSICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brain.2021.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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38
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Tau PTM Profiles Identify Patient Heterogeneity and Stages of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell 2020; 183:1699-1713.e13. [PMID: 33188775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of Tau isoforms and post-translational modification (PTM) stoichiometry in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we generated a high-resolution quantitative proteomics map of 95 PTMs on multiple isoforms of Tau isolated from postmortem human tissue from 49 AD and 42 control subjects. Although Tau PTM maps reveal heterogeneity across subjects, a subset of PTMs display high occupancy and frequency for AD, suggesting importance in disease. Unsupervised analyses indicate that PTMs occur in an ordered manner, leading to Tau aggregation. The processive addition and minimal set of PTMs associated with seeding activity was further defined by analysis of size-fractionated Tau. To summarize, features in the Tau protein critical for disease intervention at different stages of disease are identified, including enrichment of 0N and 4R isoforms, underrepresentation of the C terminus, an increase in negative charge in the proline-rich region (PRR), and a decrease in positive charge in the microtubule binding domain (MBD).
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39
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Catania M, Di Fede G. One or more β-amyloid(s)? New insights into the prion-like nature of Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 175:213-237. [PMID: 32958234 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of proteins play a central role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's and Lewy Body diseases, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and prion diseases. Increasing evidence supports the view that Aβ and tau, which are the two main molecular players in AD, share with the prion protein several "prion-like" features that can be relevant for disease pathogenesis. These features essentially include structural/conformational/biochemical variations, resistance to degradation by endogenous proteases, seeding ability, attitude to form neurotoxic assemblies, spreading and propagation of toxic aggregates, transmissibility of tau- and Aβ-related pathology to animal models. Following this view, part of the recent scientific literature has generated a new reading frame for AD pathophysiology, based on the application of the prion paradigm to the amyloid cascade hypothesis in an attempt to definitely explain the key events causing the disease and inducing its occurrence under different clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Catania
- Neurology 5 / Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Neurology 5 / Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
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40
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Lo Cascio F, Garcia S, Montalbano M, Puangmalai N, McAllen S, Pace A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Kayed R. Modulating disease-relevant tau oligomeric strains by small molecules. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14807-14825. [PMID: 32737202 PMCID: PMC7606668 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological aggregation of tau plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease and many other related neurodegenerative diseases, collectively referred to as tauopathies. Recent evidence has demonstrated that tau oligomers, small and soluble prefibrillar aggregates, are highly toxic due to their strong ability to seed tau misfolding and propagate the pathology seen across different neurodegenerative diseases. We previously showed that novel curcumin derivatives affect preformed tau oligomer aggregation pathways by promoting the formation of more aggregated and nontoxic tau aggregates. To further investigate their therapeutic potential, we have extended our studies o disease-relevant brain-derived tau oligomers (BDTOs). Herein, using well-characterized BDTOs, isolated from brain tissues of different tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and dementia with Lewy bodies, we found that curcumin derivatives modulate the aggregation state of BDTOs by reshaping them and rescue neurons from BDTO-associated toxicity. Interestingly, compound CL3 showed an effect on the aggregation pattern of BDTOs from different tauopathies, resulting in the formation of less neurotoxic larger tau aggregates with decreased hydrophobicity and seeding propensity. Our results lay the groundwork for potential investigations of the efficacy and beneficial effects of CL3 and other promising compounds for the treatment of tauopathies. Furthermore, CL3 may aid in the development of tau imaging agent for the detection of tau oligomeric strains and differential diagnosis of the tauopathies, thus enabling earlier interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippa Lo Cascio
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie Garcia
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mauro Montalbano
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicha Puangmalai
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Salome McAllen
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies-STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies-STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
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Mitroshina EV, Yarkov RS, Mishchenko TA, Krut' VG, Gavrish MS, Epifanova EA, Babaev AA, Vedunova MV. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Preserves the Functional Integrity of Neural Networks in the β-Amyloidopathy Model in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582. [PMID: 32733889 PMCID: PMC7360686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a widespread chronic neurodegenerative pathology characterized by synaptic dysfunction, partial neuronal death, cognitive decline and memory impairments. The major hallmarks of AD are extracellular senile amyloid plaques formed by various types of amyloid proteins (Aβ) and the formation and accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. However, there is a lack of relevant experimental models for studying changes in neural network activity, the features of intercellular signaling or the effects of drugs on the functional activity of nervous cells during AD development. In this work, we examined two experimental models of amyloidopathy using primary hippocampal cultures. The first model involves the embryonic brains of 5xFAD mice; the second uses chronic application of amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42). The model based on primary hippocampal cells obtained from 5xFAD mice demonstrated changes in spontaneous network calcium activity characterized by a decrease in the number of cells exhibiting Ca2+ activity, a decrease in the number of Ca2+ oscillations and an increase in the duration of Ca2+ events from day 21 of culture development in vitro. Chronic application of Aβ1-42 resulted in the rapid establishment of significant neurodegenerative changes in primary hippocampal cultures, leading to marked impairments in neural network calcium activity and increased cell death. Using this model and multielectrode arrays, we studied the influence of amyloidopathy on spontaneous bioelectrical neural network activity in primary hippocampal cultures. It was shown that chronic Aβ application decreased the number of network bursts and spikes in a burst. The spatial structure of neural networks was also disturbed that characterized by reduction in both the number of key network elements (hubs) and connections between network elements. Moreover, application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) recombinant protein and BDNF hyperexpression by an adeno-associated virus vector partially prevented these amyloidopathy-induced neurodegenerative phenomena. BDNF maintained cell viability and spontaneous bioelectrical and calcium network activity in primary hippocampal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Mitroshina
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Roman S Yarkov
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Mishchenko
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Molecular and Cell Technologies Group, Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victoria G Krut'
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria S Gavrish
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Epifanova
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey A Babaev
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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42
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Breen PW, Krishnan V. Recent Preclinical Insights Into the Treatment of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:616. [PMID: 32774238 PMCID: PMC7381336 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative condition associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The central pathophysiological mechanisms by which repetitive cranial injury results in the neurodegeneration of CTE are poorly understood. Current well-established working models emphasize a central role for trauma-induced excessive phosphorylation and accumulation of insoluble tangles of Tau protein. In this review, we summarize recent data from preclinical animal models of CTE where a series of candidate treatments have been carefully evaluated, including kinase inhibitors, antibody therapy, and anti-inflammatory therapies. We discuss the overall translational potential of these approaches and provide recommendations for future bench-to-bedside treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Breen
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vaishnav Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX United States
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43
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Tang SJ, Fesharaki-Zadeh A, Takahashi H, Nies SH, Smith LM, Luo A, Chyung A, Chiasseu M, Strittmatter SM. Fyn kinase inhibition reduces protein aggregation, increases synapse density and improves memory in transgenic and traumatic Tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:96. [PMID: 32611392 PMCID: PMC7329553 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded phosphorylated Tau (Tauopathy) can be triggered by mutations or by trauma, and is associated with synapse loss, gliosis, neurodegeneration and memory deficits. Fyn kinase physically associates with Tau and regulates subcellular distribution. Here, we assessed whether pharmacological Fyn inhibition alters Tauopathy. In P301S transgenic mice, chronic Fyn inhibition prevented deficits in spatial memory and passive avoidance learning. The behavioral improvement was coupled with reduced accumulation of phospho-Tau in the hippocampus, with reductions in glial activation and with recovery of presynaptic markers. We extended this analysis to a trauma model in which very mild repetitive closed head injury was paired with chronic variable stress over 2 weeks to produce persistent memory deficits and Tau accumulation. In this model, Fyn inhibition beginning 24 h after the trauma ended rescued memory performance and reduced phospho-Tau accumulation. Thus, inhibition of Fyn kinase may have therapeutic benefit in clinical Tauopathies.
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44
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Pneumonia-induced endothelial amyloids reduce dendritic spine density in brain neurons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9327. [PMID: 32518286 PMCID: PMC7283224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia elicits endothelial cell release of cytotoxic amyloids that can be recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage and cerebrospinal fluids of critically ill patients. Introduction of these cytotoxic amyloids into the lateral ventricle impairs learning and memory in mice. However, it is unclear whether the amyloids of lung origin (1) are neurotropic, and (2) cause structural remodeling of hippocampal dendrites. Thus, we used electrophysiological studies in brain slices and structural analysis of post-mortem tissues obtained from animals exposed to endothelium-derived amyloids to assess these issues. The amyloids were administered via three different routes, by intracerebroventricular, intratracheal, and intraperitoneal injections. Synaptic long-term potentiation was abolished following intracerebroventricular amyloid injection. Fluorescence dialysis or Golgi-impregnation labeling showed reduced dendritic spine density and destabilized spines of hippocampal pyramidal neurons 4 weeks after intracerebroventricular amyloid injection. In comparison, endothelial amyloids introduced to the airway caused the most prominent dendritic spine density reduction, yet intraperitoneal injection of these amyloids did not affect spine density. Our findings indicate that infection-elicited lung endothelial amyloids are neurotropic and reduce neuronal dendritic spine density in vivo. Amyloids applied into the trachea may either be disseminated through the circulation and cross the blood-brain barrier to access the brain, initiate feed-forward amyloid transmissibility among cells of the blood-brain barrier or access the brain in other ways. Nevertheless, lung-derived amyloids suppress hippocampal signaling and cause injury to neuronal structure.
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45
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Tau immunotherapies: Lessons learned, current status and future considerations. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108104. [PMID: 32360477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The majority of clinical trials targeting the tau protein in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies are tau immunotherapies. Because tau pathology correlates better with the degree of dementia than amyloid-β lesions, targeting tau is likely to be more effective in improving cognition than clearing amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease. However, the development of tau therapies is in many ways more complex than for amyloid-β therapies as briefly outlined in this review. Most of the trials are on humanized antibodies, which may have very different properties than the original mouse antibodies. The impact of these differences are to a large extent unknown, can be difficult to decipher, and may not always be properly considered. Furthermore, the ideal antibody properties for efficacy are not well established and can depend on several factors. However, considering the varied approaches in clinical trials, there is a general optimism that at least some of these trials may provide functional benefits to patients suffering of various tauopathies. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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46
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L. Almeida Z, M. M. Brito R. Structure and Aggregation Mechanisms in Amyloids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051195. [PMID: 32155822 PMCID: PMC7179426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of a polypeptide chain into amyloid fibrils and their accumulation and deposition into insoluble plaques and intracellular inclusions is the hallmark of several misfolding diseases known as amyloidoses. Alzheimer′s, Parkinson′s and Huntington’s diseases are some of the approximately 50 amyloid diseases described to date. The identification and characterization of the molecular species critical for amyloid formation and disease development have been the focus of intense scrutiny. Methods such as X-ray and electron diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR) and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have been extensively used and they have contributed to shed a new light onto the structure of amyloid, revealing a multiplicity of polymorphic structures that generally fit the cross-β amyloid motif. The development of rational therapeutic approaches against these debilitating and increasingly frequent misfolding diseases requires a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the amyloid cascade. Here, we review the current knowledge on amyloid fibril formation for several proteins and peptides from a kinetic and thermodynamic point of view, the structure of the molecular species involved in the amyloidogenic process, and the origin of their cytotoxicity.
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Fernández-Cabello S, Kronbichler M, Van Dijk KRA, Goodman JA, Spreng RN, Schmitz TW. Basal forebrain volume reliably predicts the cortical spread of Alzheimer's degeneration. Brain 2020; 143:993-1009. [PMID: 32203580 PMCID: PMC7092749 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration is thought to spread across anatomically and functionally connected brain regions. However, the precise sequence of spread remains ambiguous. The prevailing model used to guide in vivo human neuroimaging and non-human animal research assumes that Alzheimer's degeneration starts in the entorhinal cortices, before spreading to the temporoparietal cortex. Challenging this model, we previously provided evidence that in vivo markers of neurodegeneration within the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM), a subregion of the basal forebrain heavily populated by cortically projecting cholinergic neurons, precedes and predicts entorhinal degeneration. There have been few systematic attempts at directly comparing staging models using in vivo longitudinal biomarker data, and none to our knowledge testing if comparative evidence generalizes across independent samples. Here we addressed the sequence of pathological staging in Alzheimer's disease using two independent samples of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n1 = 284; n2 = 553) with harmonized CSF assays of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau), and longitudinal structural MRI data over 2 years. We derived measures of grey matter degeneration in a priori NbM and the entorhinal cortical regions of interest. To examine the spreading of degeneration, we used a predictive modelling strategy that tests whether baseline grey matter volume in a seed region accounts for longitudinal change in a target region. We demonstrated that predictive spread favoured the NbM→entorhinal over the entorhinal→NbM model. This evidence generalized across the independent samples. We also showed that CSF concentrations of pTau/amyloid-β moderated the observed predictive relationship, consistent with evidence in rodent models of an underlying trans-synaptic mechanism of pathophysiological spread. The moderating effect of CSF was robust to additional factors, including clinical diagnosis. We then applied our predictive modelling strategy to an exploratory whole-brain voxel-wise analysis to examine the spatial specificity of the NbM→entorhinal model. We found that smaller baseline NbM volumes predicted greater degeneration in localized regions of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. By contrast, smaller baseline entorhinal volumes predicted degeneration in the medial temporal cortex, recapitulating a prior influential staging model. Our findings suggest that degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic projection system is a robust and reliable upstream event of entorhinal and neocortical degeneration, calling into question a prevailing view of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Cabello
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Koene R A Van Dijk
- Clinical and Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James A Goodman
- Clinical and Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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48
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Takeda S. Tau Propagation as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target for Dementia: Potentials and Unanswered Questions. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1274. [PMID: 31920473 PMCID: PMC6923174 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique clinical course of Alzheimer's disease (AD), beginning with memory deficit as the earliest symptom, is well-correlated with a progressive pattern of intracellular aggregates of tau (neurofibrillary tangles), which spread from the medial temporal lobe to other brain areas in a stereotypical manner. Recent findings from basic research using in vitro and in vivo models demonstrated that pathological forms of extracellular tau can be taken up by cells and induce intracellular tau aggregates. On the basis of these neuropathological observations and experimental findings, the "tau propagation hypothesis" has been proposed, in which the stereotypical spreading of the tau pathology observed in the brain of AD patients can be explained by the interneuron transfer of the pathological form of tau. The concept of tau propagation remains controversial, and many unsolved questions exist; however, it has been attracting attention as a potential therapeutic target for halting AD progression. This article reviews the recent findings regarding the tau propagation hypothesis, including the basic concept and evidence of interneuron tau transfer, potentials as a diagnostic and therapeutic target, and unsolved questions for a better understanding of tau propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Takeda
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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50
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Korabecny J, Spilovska K, Mezeiova E, Benek O, Juza R, Kaping D, Soukup O. A Systematic Review on Donepezil-based Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5625-5648. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180517094023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a multifactorial progressive neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and gradual deterioration of intellectual capacity.
Its etiology has not been elucidated yet. To date, only one therapeutic approach has
been approved for the treatment of AD. The pharmacotherapy of AD has relied on noncompetitive
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist - memantine, and acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) inhibitors (AChEIs) - tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine.
Donepezil was able to ameliorate the symptoms related to AD mainly via AChE, but also
through reduction of β-amyloid burden. This review presents the overview of donepezilrelated
compounds as potential anti-AD drugs developed on the basis of cholinergic hypothesis
to act as solely AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korabecny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Spilovska
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Benek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Radomir Juza
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kaping
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
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