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Millett M, Heuberger A, Castosa EM, Comite A, Wagner P, Hall D, Gallardo I, Chambers NE, Wagner L, Moehle MS. G α olf Regulates Biochemical Signaling in Neurons Associated with Movement Control and Initiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587766. [PMID: 38617339 PMCID: PMC11014607 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The heterotrimeric G-protein α subunit, Gα olf , acts to transduce extracellular signals through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and stimulates adenylyl cyclase mediated production of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Numerous mutations in the GNAL gene, which encodes Gα olf , have been identified as causative for an adult-onset dystonia. These mutations disrupt GPCR signaling cascades in in vitro assays through several mechanisms, and this disrupted signaling is hypothesized to lead to dystonic motor symptoms in patients. However, the cells and circuits that mutations in GNAL corrupt are not well understood. Published patterns of Gα olf expression outside the context of the striatum are sparse, conflicting, often lack cell type specificity, and may be confounded by expression of the close GNAL homolog of GNAS . Here, we use RNAScope in-situ hybridization to quantitatively characterize Gnal mRNA expression in brain tissue from wildtype C57BL/6J adult mice. We observed widespread expression of Gnal puncta throughout the brain, suggesting Gα olf is expressed in more brain structures and neuron types than previously accounted for. We quantify transcripts at a single cell level, and use neuron type specific markers to further classify and understand patterns of GNAL expression. Our data suggests that brain regions classically associated with motor control, initiation, and regulation show the highest expression of GNAL , with Purkinje Cells of the cerebellum showing the highest expression of any neuron type examined. Subsequent conditional Gnal knockout in Purkinje cells led to markedly decreased intracellular cAMP levels and downstream cAMP-dependent enzyme activation. Our work provides a detailed characterization of Gnal expression throughout the brain and the biochemical consequences of loss of Gα olf signaling in vivo in neurons that highly express Gnal .
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Thomsen M, Lange LM, Zech M, Lohmann K. Genetics and Pathogenesis of Dystonia. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:99-131. [PMID: 37738511 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Dystonia is a clinically and genetically highly heterogeneous neurological disorder characterized by abnormal movements and postures caused by involuntary sustained or intermittent muscle contractions. A number of groundbreaking genetic and molecular insights have recently been gained. While they enable genetic testing and counseling, their translation into new therapies is still limited. However, we are beginning to understand shared pathophysiological pathways and molecular mechanisms. It has become clear that dystonia results from a dysfunctional network involving the basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and cortex. On the molecular level, more than a handful of, often intertwined, pathways have been linked to pathogenic variants in dystonia genes, including gene transcription during neurodevelopment (e.g., KMT2B, THAP1), calcium homeostasis (e.g., ANO3, HPCA), striatal dopamine signaling (e.g., GNAL), endoplasmic reticulum stress response (e.g., EIF2AK2, PRKRA, TOR1A), autophagy (e.g., VPS16), and others. Thus, different forms of dystonia can be molecularly grouped, which may facilitate treatment development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Thomsen
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Lara M Lange
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany;
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Albanese A, Bhatia KP, Cardoso F, Comella C, Defazio G, Fung VSC, Hallett M, Jankovic J, Jinnah HA, Kaji R, Krauss JK, Lang A, Tan EK, Tijssen MAJ, Vidailhet M. Isolated Cervical Dystonia: Diagnosis and Classification. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1367-1378. [PMID: 36989390 PMCID: PMC10528915 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This document presents a consensus on the diagnosis and classification of isolated cervical dystonia (iCD) with a review of proposed terminology. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Dystonia Study Group convened a panel of experts to review the main clinical and diagnostic issues related to iCD and to arrive at a consensus on diagnostic criteria and classification. These criteria are intended for use in clinical research, but also may be used to guide clinical practice. The benchmark is expert clinical observation and evaluation. The criteria aim to systematize the use of terminology as well as the diagnostic process, to make it reproducible across centers and applicable by expert and non-expert clinicians. Although motor abnormalities remain central, increasing recognition has been given to nonmotor manifestations, which are incorporated into the current criteria. Three iCD presentations are described in some detail: idiopathic (focal or segmental) iCD, genetic iCD, and acquired iCD. The relationship between iCD and isolated head tremor is also reviewed. Recognition of idiopathic iCD has two levels of certainty, definite or probable, supported by specific diagnostic criteria. Although a probable diagnosis is appropriate for clinical practice, a higher diagnostic level may be required for specific research studies. The consensus retains elements proven valuable in previous criteria and omits aspects that are no longer justified, thereby encapsulating diagnosis according to current knowledge. As understanding of iCD expands, these criteria will need continuous revision to accommodate new advances. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Albanese
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francisco Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Unit Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Comella
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Giovanni Defazio
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Mark Hallett
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hyder A Jinnah
- Departments of Neurology, Human Genetics, and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anthony Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Department of Neurology, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Inserm U1127, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Di Fonzo A, Jinnah HA, Zech M. Dystonia genes and their biological pathways. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 169:61-103. [PMID: 37482402 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has been instrumental in uncovering the spectrum of pathogenic genetic alterations that contribute to the etiology of dystonia. Despite the immense heterogeneity in monogenic causes, studies performed during the past few years have highlighted that many rare deleterious variants associated with dystonic presentations affect genes that have roles in certain conserved pathways in neural physiology. These various gene mutations that appear to converge towards the disruption of interconnected cellular networks were shown to produce a wide range of different dystonic disease phenotypes, including isolated and combined dystonias as well as numerous clinically complex, often neurodevelopmental disorder-related conditions that can manifest with dystonic features in the context of multisystem disturbances. In this chapter, we summarize the manifold dystonia-gene relationships based on their association with a discrete number of unifying pathophysiological mechanisms and molecular cascade abnormalities. The themes on which we focus comprise dopamine signaling, heavy metal accumulation and calcifications in the brain, nuclear envelope function and stress response, gene transcription control, energy homeostasis, lysosomal trafficking, calcium and ion channel-mediated signaling, synaptic transmission beyond dopamine pathways, extra- and intracellular structural organization, and protein synthesis and degradation. Enhancing knowledge about the concept of shared etiological pathways in the pathogenesis of dystonia will motivate clinicians and researchers to find more efficacious treatments that allow to reverse pathologies in patient-specific core molecular networks and connected multipathway loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - H A Jinnah
- Departments of Neurology, Human Genetics, and Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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El Atiallah I, Bonsi P, Tassone A, Martella G, Biella G, Castagno AN, Pisani A, Ponterio G. Synaptic Dysfunction in Dystonia: Update From Experimental Models. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2310-2322. [PMID: 37464831 PMCID: PMC10556390 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230718100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystonia, the third most common movement disorder, refers to a heterogeneous group of neurological diseases characterized by involuntary, sustained or intermittent muscle contractions resulting in repetitive twisting movements and abnormal postures. In the last few years, several studies on animal models helped expand our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying dystonia. These findings have reinforced the notion that the synaptic alterations found mainly in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, including the abnormal neurotransmitters signalling, receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity, are a common hallmark of different forms of dystonia. In this review, we focus on the major contribution provided by rodent models of DYT-TOR1A, DYT-THAP1, DYT-GNAL, DYT/ PARK-GCH1, DYT/PARK-TH and DYT-SGCE dystonia, which reveal that an abnormal motor network and synaptic dysfunction represent key elements in the pathophysiology of dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham El Atiallah
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio N. Castagno
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Bukhari-Parlakturk N, Frucht SJ. Isolated and combined dystonias: Update. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:425-442. [PMID: 37620082 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder with a unique motor phenomenology that can manifest as an isolated clinical syndrome or combined with other neurological features. This chapter reviews the characteristic features of dystonia phenomenology and the syndromic approach to evaluating the disorders that may allow us to differentiate the isolated and combined syndromes. We also present the most common types of isolated and combined dystonia syndromes. Since accelerated gene discoveries have increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dystonia pathogenesis, we also present isolated and combined dystonia syndromes by shared biological pathways. Examples of these converging mechanisms of the isolated and combined dystonia syndromes include (1) disruption of the integrated response pathway through eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha signaling, (2) disease of dopaminergic signaling, (3) alterations in the cerebello-thalamic pathway, and (4) disease of protein mislocalization and stability. The discoveries that isolated and combined dystonia syndromes converge in shared biological pathways will aid in the development of clinical trials and therapeutic strategies targeting these convergent molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Bukhari-Parlakturk
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Division, Duke University (NBP), Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Steven J Frucht
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (SJF), New York, NY, United States
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Borngräber F, Hoffmann M, Paulus T, Junker J, Bäumer T, Altenmüller E, Kühn AA, Schmidt A. Characterizing the temporal discrimination threshold in musician's dystonia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14939. [PMID: 36056047 PMCID: PMC9440005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal discrimination threshold (TDT) has been established as a biomarker of impaired temporal processing and endophenotype in various forms of focal dystonia patients, such as cervical dystonia, writer's cramp or blepharospasm. The role of TDT in musician's dystonia (MD) in contrast is less clear with preceding studies reporting inconclusive results. We therefore compared TDT between MD patients, healthy musicians and non-musician controls using a previously described visual, tactile, and visual-tactile paradigm. Additionally, we compared TDT of the dystonic and non-dystonic hand and fingers in MD patients and further characterized the biomarker regarding its potential influencing factors, i.e. musical activity, disease variables, and personality profiles. Repeated measures ANOVA and additional Bayesian analyses revealed lower TDT in healthy musicians compared to non-musicians. However, TDTs in MD patients did not differ from both healthy musicians and non-musicians, although pairwise Bayesian t-tests indicated weak evidence for group differences in both comparisons. Analyses of dystonic and non-dystonic hands and fingers revealed no differences. While in healthy musicians, age of first instrumental practice negatively correlated with visual-tactile TDTs, TDTs in MD patients did not correlate with measures of musical activity, disease variables or personality profiles. In conclusion, TDTs in MD patients cannot reliably be distinguished from healthy musicians and non-musicians and are neither influenced by dystonic manifestation, musical activity, disease variables nor personality profiles. Unlike other isolated focal dystonias, TDT seems not to be a reliable biomarker in MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Borngräber
- Berlin Center for Musicians' Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Kurt Singer Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Health, Hanns Eisler School of Music Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martina Hoffmann
- Berlin Center for Musicians' Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Kurt Singer Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Health, Hanns Eisler School of Music Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresa Paulus
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johanna Junker
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Berlin Center for Musicians' Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Kurt Singer Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Health, Hanns Eisler School of Music Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Zhang Y, Chen J, He S, Xiao Y, Liu A, Zhang D, Li X. Systematic identification of aberrant non-coding RNAs and their mediated modules in rotator cuff tears. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:940290. [PMID: 36111133 PMCID: PMC9470226 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.940290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rotator cuff tears (RCT) is the most common cause of shoulder dysfunction, however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs), such as long ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA), are involved in a variety of diseases, but little is known about their roles in RCT. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify dysregulated ncRNAs and understand how they influence RCT. Methods: We performed RNA sequencing and miRNA sequencing on five pairs of torn supraspinatus muscles and matched unharmed subscapularis muscles to identify RNAs dysregulated in RCT patients. To better comprehend the fundamental biological processes, we carried out enrichment analysis of these dysregulated mRNAs or the co-expressed genes of dysregulated ncRNAs. According to the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory, we finally established ceRNA networks to explore the relationship among dysregulated RNAs in RCT. Results: A total of 151 mRNAs, 38 miRNAs, 20 lncRNAs and 90 circRNAs were differentially expressed between torn supraspinatus muscles and matched unharmed subscapularis muscles, respectively. We found that these dysregulated mRNAs, the target mRNAs of these dysregulated miRNAs or the co-expressed mRNAs of these dysregulated ncRNAs were enriched in muscle structure development, actin-mediated cell contraction and actin binding. Then we constructed and analyzed the ceRNA network and found that the largest module in the ceRNA network was associated with vasculature development. Based on the topological properties of the largest module, we identified several important ncRNAs including hsa_circ_0000722, hsa-miR-129-5p and hsa-miR-30c-5p, whose interacting mRNAs related to muscle diseases, fat and inflammation. Conclusion: This study presented a systematic dissection of the expression profile of mRNAs and ncRNAs in RCT patients and revealed some important ncRNAs which may contribute to the development of RCT. Such results could provide new insights for further research on RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Ministry of Education/Peking University), Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Ministry of Education/Peking University), Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan He
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Aiyu Liu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dianying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Ministry of Education/Peking University), Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dianying Zhang, ; Xia Li,
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Dianying Zhang, ; Xia Li,
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Galosi S, Pollini L, Novelli M, Bernardi K, Di Rocco M, Martinelli S, Leuzzi V. Motor, epileptic, and developmental phenotypes in genetic disorders affecting G protein coupled receptors-cAMP signaling. Front Neurol 2022; 13:886751. [PMID: 36003298 PMCID: PMC9393484 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.886751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, a constantly increasing number of genetic diseases associated with epilepsy and movement disorders have been recognized. An emerging group of conditions in this field is represented by genetic disorders affecting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)–cAMP signaling. This group of postsynaptic disorders includes genes encoding for proteins highly expressed in the central nervous system and involved in GPCR signal transduction and cAMP production (e.g., GNAO1, GNB1, ADCY5, GNAL, PDE2A, PDE10A, and HPCA genes). While the clinical phenotype associated with ADCY5 and GNAL is characterized by movement disorder in the absence of epilepsy, GNAO1, GNB1, PDE2A, PDE10A, and HPCA have a broader clinical phenotype, encompassing movement disorder, epilepsy, and neurodevelopmental disorders. We aimed to provide a comprehensive phenotypical characterization of genetic disorders affecting the cAMP signaling pathway, presenting with both movement disorders and epilepsy. Thus, we reviewed clinical features and genetic data of 203 patients from the literature with GNAO1, GNB1, PDE2A, PDE10A, and HPCA deficiencies. Furthermore, we delineated genotype–phenotype correlation in GNAO1 and GNB1 deficiency. This group of disorders presents with a highly recognizable clinical phenotype combining distinctive motor, epileptic, and neurodevelopmental features. A severe hyperkinetic movement disorder with potential life-threatening exacerbations and high susceptibility to a wide range of triggers is the clinical signature of the whole group of disorders. The existence of a distinctive clinical phenotype prompting diagnostic suspicion and early detection has relevant implications for clinical and therapeutic management. Studies are ongoing to clarify the pathophysiology of these rare postsynaptic disorders and start to design disease-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galosi
- Department Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Serena Galosi
| | - Luca Pollini
- Department Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Novelli
- Department Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Martina Di Rocco
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Aïssa HB, Sala RW, Georgescu Margarint EL, Frontera JL, Varani AP, Menardy F, Pelosi A, Hervé D, Léna C, Popa D. Functional abnormalities in the cerebello-thalamic pathways in a mouse model of DYT25 dystonia. eLife 2022; 11:79135. [PMID: 35699413 PMCID: PMC9197392 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is often associated with functional alterations in the cerebello-thalamic pathways, which have been proposed to contribute to the disorder by propagating pathological firing patterns to the forebrain. Here, we examined the function of the cerebello-thalamic pathways in a model of DYT25 dystonia. DYT25 (Gnal+/−) mice carry a heterozygous knockout mutation of the Gnal gene, which notably disrupts striatal function, and systemic or striatal administration of oxotremorine to these mice triggers dystonic symptoms. Our results reveal an increased cerebello-thalamic excitability in the presymptomatic state. Following the first dystonic episode, Gnal+/- mice in the asymptomatic state exhibit a further increase of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical excitability, which is maintained after θ-burst stimulations of the cerebellum. When administered in the symptomatic state induced by a cholinergic activation, these stimulations decreased the cerebello-thalamic excitability and reduced dystonic symptoms. In agreement with dystonia being a multiregional circuit disorder, our results suggest that the increased cerebello-thalamic excitability constitutes an early endophenotype, and that the cerebellum is a gateway for corrective therapies via the depression of cerebello-thalamic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Baba Aïssa
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Romain W Sala
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Elena Laura Georgescu Margarint
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jimena Laura Frontera
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Andrés Pablo Varani
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Menardy
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Assunta Pelosi
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Sciences and Technology Faculty, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Denis Hervé
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Sciences and Technology Faculty, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Clément Léna
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Popa
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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Scarduzio M, Hess EJ, Standaert DG, Eskow Jaunarajs KL. Striatal synaptic dysfunction in dystonia and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 166:105650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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12
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Kichukova T, Petrov V, Popov N, Minchev D, Naimov S, Minkov I, Vachev T. Identification of serum microRNA signatures associated with autism spectrum disorder as promising candidate biomarkers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07462. [PMID: 34286132 PMCID: PMC8278430 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules with a well-recognized role in gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level. Recently, dysregulation of miRNAs and miRNA-mRNA interactions has been associated with CNS diseases, including numerous psychiatric disorders. Dynamic changes in the expression profiles of circulating miRNA are nowadays regarded as promising non-invasive biomarkers that may facilitate the accurate and timely diagnosis of complex conditions. Methods In this study, we investigated the gene expression patterns of four miRNAs, which were previously reported to be dysregulated in pooled serum samples taken from Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) patients and typically developing children. The performance of a diagnostic model for ASD based on these four miRNAs was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, which evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of the investigated miRNA biomarkers for ASD. Finally, to examine the potential modulation of CNS-related biological pathways, we carried out target identification and pathway analyses of the selected miRNAs. Results Significant differential expression for all the four studied miRNAs: miR-500a-5p, miR-197-5p, miR-424-5p, and miR-664a-3p, was consistently measured in the samples from ASD patients. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for miR-500a-5p, miR-197-5p, and miR-424-5p. With all miRNA expression data integrated into an additive ROC curve, the combination of miR-500a-5p and miR-197-5p provided the most powerful diagnostic model. On the other hand, the mRNA target mining showed that miR-424-5p and miR-500-5p regulate pools of target mRNA molecules which are enriched in a number of biological pathways associated with the development and differentiation of the nervous system. Conclusions The steady expression patterns of miR-500a-5p, miR-197-5p, miR-424-5p, and miR-664a-3p in ASD children suggest that these miRNAs can be considered good candidates for non-invasive molecular biomarkers in the study of ASD patients. The highest diagnostic potential is manifested by miR-500a-5p and miR-197-5p, whose combined ROC curve demonstrates very strong predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kichukova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, "Paisii Hilendarski" University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Assen Street, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Veselin Petrov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Popov
- Psychiatric Ward for Active Treatment of Men, State Psychiatry Hospital Pazardzhik, Pazardzhik, Bulgaria
| | - Danail Minchev
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15-A Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Division of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute at Medical University of 12 Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Samir Naimov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, "Paisii Hilendarski" University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Assen Street, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Minkov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies (IMBB), Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tihomir Vachev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, "Paisii Hilendarski" University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Assen Street, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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13
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Lange LM, Junker J, Loens S, Baumann H, Olschewski L, Schaake S, Madoev H, Petkovic S, Kuhnke N, Kasten M, Westenberger A, Domingo A, Marras C, König IR, Camargos S, Ozelius LJ, Klein C, Lohmann K. Genotype-Phenotype Relations for Isolated Dystonia Genes: MDSGene Systematic Review. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1086-1103. [PMID: 33502045 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive MDSGene review is devoted to 7 genes - TOR1A, THAP1, GNAL, ANO3, PRKRA, KMT2B, and HPCA - mutations in which may cause isolated dystonia. It followed MDSGene's standardized data extraction protocol and screened a total of ~1200 citations. Phenotypic and genotypic data on ~1200 patients with 254 different mutations were curated and analyzed. There were differences regarding age at onset, site of onset, and distribution of symptoms across mutation carriers in all 7 genes. Although carriers of TOR1A, THAP1, PRKRA, KMT2B, or HPCA mutations mostly showed childhood and adolescent onset, patients with GNAL and ANO3 mutations often developed first symptoms in adulthood. GNAL and KMT2B mutation carriers frequently have 1 predominant site of onset, that is, the neck (GNAL) or the lower limbs (KMT2B), whereas site of onset in DYT-TOR1A, DYT-THAP1, DYT-ANO3, DYT-PRKRA, and DYT-HPCA was broader. However, in most DYT-THAP1 and DYT-ANO3 patients, dystonia first manifested in the upper half of the body (upper limb, neck, and craniofacial/laryngeal), whereas onset in DYT-TOR1A, DYT-PRKRA and DYT-HPCA was frequently observed in an extremity, including both upper and lower ones. For ANO3, a segmental/multifocal distribution was typical, whereas TOR1A, PRKRA, KMT2B, and HPCA mutation carriers commonly developed generalized dystonia. THAP1 mutation carriers presented with focal, segmental/multifocal, or generalized dystonia in almost equal proportions. GNAL mutation carriers rarely showed generalization. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of hereditary isolated dystonia. The data are also available in an online database (http://www.mdsgene.org), which additionally offers descriptive summary statistics. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Lange
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johanna Junker
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Loens
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Baumann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Luisa Olschewski
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susen Schaake
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harutyun Madoev
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sonja Petkovic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Neele Kuhnke
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ana Westenberger
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aloysius Domingo
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Connie Marras
- The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Camargos
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital das Clínicas, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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14
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Ma H, Qu J, Ye L, Shu Y, Qu Q. Blepharospasm, Oromandibular Dystonia, and Meige Syndrome: Clinical and Genetic Update. Front Neurol 2021; 12:630221. [PMID: 33854473 PMCID: PMC8039296 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.630221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meige syndrome (MS) is cranial dystonia characterized by the combination of upper and lower cranial involvement and including binocular eyelid spasms (blepharospasm; BSP) and involuntary movements of the jaw muscles (oromandibular dystonia; OMD). The etiology and pathogenesis of this disorder of the extrapyramidal system are not well-understood. Neurologic and ophthalmic examinations often reveal no abnormalities, making diagnosis difficult and often resulting in misdiagnosis. A small proportion of patients have a family history of the disease, but to date no causative genes have been identified to date and no cure is available, although botulinum toxin A therapy effectively mitigates the symptoms and deep brain stimulation is gaining increasing attention as a viable alternative treatment option. Here we review the history and progress of research on MS, BSP, and OMD, as well as the etiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangjun Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Tisch S, Kumar KR. Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Monogenic Dystonia: The Effect of Gene on Outcome. Front Neurol 2021; 11:630391. [PMID: 33488508 PMCID: PMC7820073 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.630391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi DBS) is the most effective intervention for medically refractory segmental and generalized dystonia in both children and adults. Predictive factors for the degree of improvement after GPi DBS include shorter disease duration and dystonia subtype with idiopathic isolated dystonia usually responding better than acquired combined dystonias. Other factors contributing to variability in outcome may include body distribution, pattern of dystonia and DBS related factors such as lead placement and stimulation parameters. The responsiveness to DBS appears to vary between different monogenic forms of dystonia, with some improving more than others. The first observation in this regard was reports of superior DBS outcomes in DYT-TOR1A (DYT1) dystonia, although other studies have found no difference. Recently a subgroup with young onset DYT-TOR1A, more rapid progression and secondary worsening after effective GPi DBS, has been described. Myoclonus dystonia due to DYT-SCGE (DYT11) usually responds well to GPi DBS. Good outcomes following GPi DBS have also been documented in X-linked dystonia Parkinsonism (DYT3). In contrast, poorer, more variable DBS outcomes have been reported in DYT-THAP1 (DYT6) including a recent larger series. The outcome of GPi DBS in other monogenic isolated and combined dystonias including DYT-GNAL (DYT25), DYT-KMT2B (DYT28), DYT-ATP1A3 (DYT12), and DYT-ANO3 (DYT24) have been reported with varying results in smaller numbers of patients. In this article the available evidence for long term GPi DBS outcome between different genetic dystonias is reviewed to reappraise popular perceptions of expected outcomes and revisit whether genetic diagnosis may assist in predicting DBS outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Tisch
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kishore Raj Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Neurology Department, Concord Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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16
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Gonzalez-Latapi P, Marotta N, Mencacci NE. Emerging and converging molecular mechanisms in dystonia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:483-498. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Gómez-Garre P, Jesús S, Periñán MT, Adarmes A, Alonso-Canovas A, Blanco-Ollero A, Buiza-Rueda D, Carrillo F, Catalán-Alonso MJ, Del Val J, Escamilla-Sevilla F, Espinosa-Rosso R, Fernández-Moreno MC, García-Moreno JM, García-Ruiz PJ, Giacometti-Silveira S, Gutiérrez-García J, López-Valdés E, Macías-García D, Martínez-Castrillo JC, Martínez-Torres I, Medialdea-Natera MP, Mínguez-Castellanos A, Moya MÁ, Ochoa-Sepulveda JJ, Ojea T, Rodríguez N, Sillero-Sánchez M, Tejera-Parrado C, Mir P. Mutational spectrum of GNAL, THAP1 and TOR1A genes in isolated dystonia: study in a population from Spain and systematic literature review. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:1188-1197. [PMID: 33175450 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the prevalence of TOR1A, GNAL and THAP1 variants as the cause of dystonia in a cohort of Spanish patients with isolated dystonia and in the literature. METHODS A population of 2028 subjects (including 1053 patients with different subtypes of isolated dystonia and 975 healthy controls) from southern and central Spain was included. The genes TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL were screened using a combination of high-resolution melting analysis and direct DNA resequencing. In addition, an extensive literature search to identify original articles (published before 10 August 2020) reporting mutations in TOR1A, THAP1 or GNAL associated to dystonia was performed. RESULTS Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL were identified in 0.48%, 0.57% and 0.29% of our patients, respectively. Five patients carried the variation p.Glu303del in TOR1A. A very rare variant in GNAL (p.Ser238Asn) was found as a putative risk factor for dystonia. In the literature, variations in TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL accounted for about 6%, 1.8% and 1.1% of published dystonia patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There is a different genetic contribution to dystonia of these three genes in our patients (about 1.3% of patients) and in the literature (about 3.6% of patients), probably due the high proportion of adult-onset cases in our cohort. As regards age at onset, site of dystonia onset, and final distribution, in our population there is a clear differentiation between DYT-TOR1A and DYT-GNAL, with DYT-THAP1 likely to be an intermediate phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gómez-Garre
- Movement Disorders Unit, Clinical Neurology and Neurophysiology Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Jesús
- Movement Disorders Unit, Clinical Neurology and Neurophysiology Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Periñán
- Movement Disorders Unit, Clinical Neurology and Neurophysiology Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Astrid Adarmes
- Movement Disorders Unit, Clinical Neurology and Neurophysiology Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Alonso-Canovas
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dolores Buiza-Rueda
- Movement Disorders Unit, Clinical Neurology and Neurophysiology Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Carrillo
- Movement Disorders Unit, Clinical Neurology and Neurophysiology Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Del Val
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Pedro José García-Ruiz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Eva López-Valdés
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Macías-García
- Movement Disorders Unit, Clinical Neurology and Neurophysiology Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Moya
- Neurology Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Tomás Ojea
- Neurology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez
- Neurology Department, Puerto Real University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Tejera-Parrado
- Movement Disorders Unit, Clinical Neurology and Neurophysiology Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Movement Disorders Unit, Clinical Neurology and Neurophysiology Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Domingo A, Yadav R, Ozelius LJ. Isolated dystonia: clinical and genetic updates. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 128:405-416. [PMID: 33247415 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Four genes associated with isolated dystonia are currently well replicated and validated. DYT-THAP1 manifests as young-onset generalized dystonia with predominant craniocervical symptoms; and is associated with mostly deleterious missense variation in the THAP1 gene. De novo and inherited missense and protein truncating variation in GNAL as well as primarily missense variation in ANO3 cause isolated focal and/or segmental dystonia with preference for the upper half of the body and older ages at onset. The GAG deletion in TOR1A is associated with generalized dystonia with onset in childhood in the lower limbs. Rare variation in these genes causes monogenic sporadic and inherited forms of isolated dystonia; common variation may confer risk and imply that dystonia is a polygenic trait in a subset of cases. Although candidate gene screens have been successful in the past in detecting gene-disease associations, recent application of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing methods enable unbiased capture of all genetic variation that may explain the phenotype. However, careful variant-level evaluation is necessary in every case, even in genes that have previously been associated with disease. We review the genetic architecture and phenotype of DYT-THAP1, DYT-GNAL, DYT-ANO3, and DYT-TOR1A by collecting case reports from the literature and performing variant classification using pathogenicity criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Domingo
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Rachita Yadav
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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19
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Delorme C, Giron C, Bendetowicz D, Méneret A, Mariani LL, Roze E. Current challenges in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of paroxysmal movement disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 21:81-97. [PMID: 33089715 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1840978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paroxysmal movement disorders mostly comprise paroxysmal dyskinesia and episodic ataxia, and can be the consequence of a genetic disorder or symptomatic of an acquired disease. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors focused on certain hot-topic issues in the field: the respective contribution of the cerebellum and striatum to the generation of paroxysmal dyskinesia, the importance of striatal cAMP turnover in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal dyskinesia, the treatable causes of paroxysmal movement disorders not to be missed, with a special emphasis on the treatment strategy to bypass the glucose transport defect in paroxysmal movement disorders due to GLUT1 deficiency, and functional paroxysmal movement disorders. EXPERT OPINION Treatment of genetic causes of paroxysmal movement disorders is evolving towards precision medicine with targeted gene-specific therapy. Alteration of the cerebellar output and modulation of the striatal cAMP turnover offer new perspectives for experimental therapeutics, at least for paroxysmal movement disorders due to selected causes. Further characterization of cell-specific molecular pathways or network dysfunctions that are critically involved in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal movement disorders will likely result in the identification of new biomarkers and testing of innovative-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Delorme
- Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière , Paris, France
| | - Camille Giron
- Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière , Paris, France
| | - David Bendetowicz
- Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière , Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225- Institut du cerveau (ICM), Sorbonne Université , Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière , Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225- Institut du cerveau (ICM), Sorbonne Université , Paris, France
| | - Louise-Laure Mariani
- Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière , Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225- Institut du cerveau (ICM), Sorbonne Université , Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière , Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225- Institut du cerveau (ICM), Sorbonne Université , Paris, France
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20
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Masuho I, Chavali S, Muntean BS, Skamangas NK, Simonyan K, Patil DN, Kramer GM, Ozelius L, Babu MM, Martemyanov KA. Molecular Deconvolution Platform to Establish Disease Mechanisms by Surveying GPCR Signaling. Cell Rep 2019; 24:557-568.e5. [PMID: 30021154 PMCID: PMC6077248 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wealth of genetic information available, mechanisms underlying pathological effects of disease-associated mutations in components of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling cascades remain elusive. In this study, we developed a scalable approach for the functional analysis of clinical variants in GPCR pathways along with a complete analytical framework. We applied the strategy to evaluate an extensive set of dystonia-causing mutations in G protein Gαolf. Our quantitative analysis revealed diverse mechanisms by which pathogenic variants disrupt GPCR signaling, leading to a mechanism-based classification of dystonia. In light of significant clinical heterogeneity, the mechanistic analysis of individual disease-associated variants permits tailoring personalized intervention strategies, which makes it superior to the current phenotype-based approach. We propose that the platform developed in this study can be universally applied to evaluate disease mechanisms for conditions associated with genetic variation in all components of GPCR signaling. A scalable platform allows multidimensional analysis of GPCR signaling The approach is applied to dystonia-causing mutations in G protein Gαolf Pathogenic variants in Gαolf disrupt GPCR signaling by diverse mechanisms Mechanism-based disease classification could allow targeted therapies
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Brian S Muntean
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Nickolas K Skamangas
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dipak N Patil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Grant M Kramer
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Laurie Ozelius
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - M Madan Babu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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21
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Li MM, Ma JC, Zong K, Wang DY. Acupuncture for 14 cases of Meige's syndrome II. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kumar KR, Davis RL, Tchan MC, Wali GM, Mahant N, Ng K, Kotschet K, Siow SF, Gu J, Walls Z, Kang C, Wali G, Levy S, Phua CS, Yiannikas C, Darveniza P, Chang FCF, Morales-Briceño H, Rowe DB, Drew A, Gayevskiy V, Cowley MJ, Minoche AE, Tisch S, Hayes M, Kummerfeld S, Fung VSC, Sue CM. Whole genome sequencing for the genetic diagnosis of heterogenous dystonia phenotypes. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 69:111-118. [PMID: 31731261 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dystonia is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder and a genetic cause is often difficult to elucidate. This is the first study to use whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate dystonia in a large sample of affected individuals. METHODS WGS was performed on 111 probands with heterogenous dystonia phenotypes. We performed analysis for coding and non-coding variants, copy number variants (CNVs), and structural variants (SVs). We assessed for an association between dystonia and 10 known dystonia risk variants. RESULTS A genetic diagnosis was obtained for 11.7% (13/111) of individuals. We found that a genetic diagnosis was more likely in those with an earlier age at onset, younger age at testing, and a combined dystonia phenotype. We identified pathogenic/likely-pathogenic variants in ADCY5 (n = 1), ATM (n = 1), GNAL (n = 2), GLB1 (n = 1), KMT2B (n = 2), PRKN (n = 2), PRRT2 (n = 1), SGCE (n = 2), and THAP1 (n = 1). CNVs were detected in 3 individuals. We found an association between the known risk variant ARSG rs11655081 and dystonia (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION A genetic diagnosis was found in 11.7% of individuals with dystonia. The diagnostic yield was higher in those with an earlier age of onset, younger age at testing, and a combined dystonia phenotype. WGS may be particularly relevant for dystonia given that it allows for the detection of CNVs, which accounted for 23% of the genetically diagnosed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore R Kumar
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, 2139, Australia; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, 2139, Australia.
| | - Ryan L Davis
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.
| | - Michel C Tchan
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - G M Wali
- Neurospecialities Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India.
| | - Neil Mahant
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2145, Australia.
| | - Karl Ng
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.
| | - Katya Kotschet
- Florey Neuroscience Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia; Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia.
| | - Sue-Faye Siow
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Jason Gu
- Department of Neurology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2500, Australia.
| | - Zachary Walls
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Darlington, 2008, Australia.
| | - Ce Kang
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.
| | - Gautam Wali
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.
| | - Stan Levy
- Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, 2560, Australia.
| | | | - Con Yiannikas
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, 2139, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.
| | - Paul Darveniza
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, 2010, Australia.
| | - Florence C F Chang
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2145, Australia.
| | - Hugo Morales-Briceño
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2145, Australia.
| | - Dominic B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Alex Drew
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Children's Cancer Institute, Kensington, 2750, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, 2010, Australia.
| | - Andre E Minoche
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Stephen Tisch
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, 2010, Australia.
| | - Michael Hayes
- Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, 2139, Australia.
| | - Sarah Kummerfeld
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2145, Australia.
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.
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Vela‐Desojo L, Rojo‐Sebastian A, Baron‐Rubio M, Badenes D. The Spectrum of Movement Disorders in 18‐p Deletion Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:729-730. [DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Vela‐Desojo
- Department of NeurologyHospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón Alcorcón, Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Rojo‐Sebastian
- Department of NeurologyHospital Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera Alcalá‐Meco, Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Baron‐Rubio
- Department of NeurologyHospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón Alcorcón, Madrid Spain
| | - Dolors Badenes
- Department of NeurologyMutua de Terrasa, Plaça del Doctor Robert Terrassa, Barcelona Spain
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24
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Yu-Taeger L, Ott T, Bonsi P, Tomczak C, Wassouf Z, Martella G, Sciamanna G, Imbriani P, Ponterio G, Tassone A, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Goodchild R, Riess O, Pisani A, Grundmann-Hauser K, Nguyen HP. Impaired dopamine- and adenosine-mediated signaling and plasticity in a novel rodent model for DYT25 dystonia. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104634. [PMID: 31678405 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions. Loss-of-function mutations in the GNAL gene have been identified to be the cause of "isolated" dystonia DYT25. The GNAL gene encodes for the guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha (Gαolf), which is mainly expressed in the olfactory bulb and the striatum and functions as a modulator during neurotransmission coupling with D1R and A2AR. Previously, heterozygous Gαolf -deficient mice (Gnal+/-) have been generated and showed a mild phenotype at basal condition. In contrast, homozygous deletion of Gnal in mice (Gnal-/-) resulted in a significantly reduced survival rate. In this study, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system we generated and characterized heterozygous Gnal knockout rats (Gnal+/-) with a 13 base pair deletion in the first exon of the rat Gnal splicing variant 2, a major isoform in both human and rat striatum. Gnal+/- rats showed early-onset phenotypes associated with impaired dopamine transmission, including reduction in locomotor activity, deficits in rotarod performance and an abnormal motor skill learning ability. At cellular and molecular level, we found down-regulated Arc expression, increased cell surface distribution of AMPA receptors, and the loss of D2R-dependent corticostriatal long-term depression (LTD) in Gnal+/- rats. Based on the evidence that D2R activity is normally inhibited by adenosine A2ARs, co-localized on the same population of striatal neurons, we show that blockade of A2ARs restores physiological LTD. This animal model may be a valuable tool for investigating Gαolf function and finding a suitable treatment for dystonia associated with deficient dopamine transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yu-Taeger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ott
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Core Facility Transgenic Animals, University Clinics Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Celina Tomczak
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Zinah Wassouf
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata,Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciamanna
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata,Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Imbriani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata,Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata,Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata,Rome, Italy
| | - Julia M Schulze-Hentrich
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rose Goodchild
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Dept. Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata,Rome, Italy
| | - Kathrin Grundmann-Hauser
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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25
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Gilbertson T, Humphries M, Steele JD. Maladaptive striatal plasticity and abnormal reward-learning in cervical dystonia. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3191-3204. [PMID: 30955204 PMCID: PMC6900037 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In monogenetic generalized forms of dystonia, in vitro neurophysiological recordings have demonstrated direct evidence for abnormal plasticity at the level of the cortico-striatal synapse. It is unclear whether similar abnormalities contribute to the pathophysiology of cervical dystonia, the most common type of focal dystonia. We investigated whether abnormal cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity contributes to abnormal reward-learning behavior in patients with focal dystonia. Forty patients and 40 controls performed a reward gain and loss avoidance reversal learning task. Participant's behavior was fitted to a computational model of the basal ganglia incorporating detailed cortico-striatal synaptic learning rules. Model comparisons were performed to assess the ability of four hypothesized receptor specific abnormalities of cortico-striatal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD): increased or decreased D1:LTP/LTD and increased or decreased D2: LTP/LTD to explain abnormal behavior in patients. Patients were selectively impaired in the post-reversal phase of the reward task. Individual learning rates in the reward reversal task correlated with the severity of the patient's motor symptoms. A model of the striatum with decreased D2:LTP/ LTD best explained the patient's behavior, suggesting excessive D2 cortico-striatal synaptic depotentiation could underpin biased reward-learning in patients with cervical dystonia. Reversal learning impairment in cervical dystonia may be a behavioral correlate of D2-specific abnormalities in cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity. Reinforcement learning tasks with computational modeling could allow the identification of molecular targets for novel treatments based on their ability to restore normal reward-learning behavior in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gilbertson
- Department of NeurologyNinewells Hospital & Medical SchoolDundeeUK
- Division of Imaging Science and TechnologyMedical SchoolUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Mark Humphries
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental PsychologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- School of PsychologyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - J. Douglas Steele
- Division of Imaging Science and TechnologyMedical SchoolUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
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26
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Duma SR, Fois AF, Morales-Briceño H, Fong MWK, Colebatch JG, Colley A, McMaster J, Mahant N. Deep Brain Stimulation as Management of Generalized Dystonia in the 18p Deletion Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:263-264. [PMID: 30949560 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Duma
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia.,Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Alessandro F Fois
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia.,Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Hugo Morales-Briceño
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia
| | - Michael W K Fong
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia.,Department of Neurology Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney Australia
| | - James G Colebatch
- Department of Neurology Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia Randwick Australia
| | - Alison Colley
- Department Clinical Genetics Liverpool Hospital Sydney Australia
| | | | - Neil Mahant
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia
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27
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PDE10A mutations help to unwrap the neurobiology of hyperkinetic disorders. Cell Signal 2019; 60:31-38. [PMID: 30951862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dual-specific cAMP/cGMP phosphodiesterase PDE10A is exclusively localised to regions of the brain and specific cell types that control crucial brain circuits and behaviours. The downside to this expression pattern is that PDE10A is also positioned to be a key player in pathology when its function is perturbed. The last decade of research has seen a clear role emerge for PDE10A inhibition in modifying behaviours in animal models of psychosis and Huntington's disease. Unfortunately, this has not translated to the human diseases as expected. More recently, a series of families with hyperkinetic movement disorders have been identified with mutations altering the PDE10A protein sequence. As these mutations have been analysed and characterised in other model systems, we are beginning to learn more about PDE10A function and perhaps catch a glimpse into how PDE10A activity could be modified for therapeutic benefit.
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28
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Crosiers D, Blaumeiser B, Van Goethem G. Spectrum of Movement Disorders in 18p Deletion Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:70-73. [DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Crosiers
- Department of Neurology; Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB; Antwerp Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Bettina Blaumeiser
- Department of Medical Genetics; Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Gert Van Goethem
- Department of Neurology; Antwerp University Hospital; Antwerp Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB; Antwerp Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
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29
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Feng H, Khalil S, Neubig RR, Sidiropoulos C. A mechanistic review on GNAO1-associated movement disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 116:131-141. [PMID: 29758257 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GNAO1 gene cause a complex constellation of neurological disorders including epilepsy, developmental delay, and movement disorders. GNAO1 encodes Gαo, the α subunit of Go, a member of the Gi/o family of heterotrimeric G protein signal transducers. Go is the most abundant membrane protein in the mammalian central nervous system and plays major roles in synaptic neurotransmission and neurodevelopment. GNAO1 mutations were first reported in early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 17 (EIEE17) but are also associated with a more common syndrome termed neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements (NEDIM). Here we review a mechanistic model in which loss-of-function (LOF) GNAO1 alleles cause epilepsy and gain-of-function (GOF) alleles are primarily associated with movement disorders. We also develop a signaling framework related to cyclic AMP (cAMP), synaptic vesicle release, and neural development and discuss gene mutations perturbing those mechanisms in a range of genetic movement disorders. Finally, we analyze clinical reports of patients carrying GNAO1 mutations with respect to their symptom onset and discuss pharmacological/surgical treatments in the context of our mechanistic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Feng
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Suad Khalil
- Department of Neurology & Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Christos Sidiropoulos
- Department of Neurology & Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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30
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High prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in cervical dystonia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 53:33-36. [PMID: 29724603 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfactory dysfunction has been established as a frequent non-motor symptom in neurodegenerative and movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and hereditary ataxias. To expand knowledge of non-motor symptoms in dystonia, and to test for a potential endophenotype, we examined olfactory function in cervical dystonia (CD). METHODS In patients with CD, and neurologically healthy controls, olfactory function was examined by "Sniffin' Sticks", a test of nasal chemosensory function based on pen-like odor dispensing devices. This test enables to define an individual's odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification. Owing to the etiological heterogeneity of olfactory dysfunction, strict exclusion criteria were applied, especially smoking, and sinonasal disease. RESULTS 58 CD patients completed the study. Olfactory dysfunction was present in 29 patients (50.0%), significantly more frequent than in two groups of matched healthy control subjects (20.7%; 22.4%; p = 0.001). Analysis of the pattern of hyposmia revealed that odor threshold (p = 0.002), and odor identification (p < 0.001) were significantly worse in CD patients compared to controls, while odor discrimination was unchanged. Higher age was the only clinical characteristic to correlate with olfactory dysfunction in CD. CONCLUSIONS Our observations establish olfactory dysfunction, possibly of both peripheral and central origin, as a new non-motor, and probably motor-unrelated, symptom of CD. Additionally, the potential involvement of cerebellar functions in olfactory identification and discrimination tasks, as well as in pathophysiology of dystonia, justifies further studies of olfactory dysfunction as a possible endophenotype in dystonia.
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31
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Zorzi G, Carecchio M, Zibordi F, Garavaglia B, Nardocci N. Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric onset isolated dystonia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:238-244. [PMID: 29396174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isolated dystonia refers to a genetic heterogeneous group of progressive conditions with onset of symptoms during childhood or adolescence, progressive course with frequent generalization and marked functional impairment. There are well-known monogenic forms of isolated dystonia with pediatric onset such as DYT1 and DYT6 transmitted with autosomal dominant inheritance and low penetrance. Genetic findings of the past years have widened the etiological spectrum and the phenotype. The recently discovered genes (GNAL, ANO-3, KTM2B) or variant of already known diseases, such as Ataxia-Teleangectasia, are emerging as another causes of pediatric onset dystonia, sometimes with a more complex phenotype, but their incidence is unknown and still a considerable number of cases remains genetically undetermined. Due to the severe disability of pediatric onset dystonia treatment remains unsatisfactory and still mainly based upon oral pharmacological agents. However, deep brain stimulation is now extensively applied with good to excellent results especially when patients are treated early during the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Zorzi
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Miryam Carecchio
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Fondazione C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Zibordi
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nardo Nardocci
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione C. Besta, Milan, Italy
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32
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Weisheit CE, Pappas SS, Dauer WT. Inherited dystonias: clinical features and molecular pathways. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 147:241-254. [PMID: 29325615 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63233-3.00016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed dramatic increases in understanding of the genetics of dystonia - a movement disorder characterized by involuntary twisting and abnormal posture. Hampered by a lack of overt neuropathology, researchers are investigating isolated monogenic causes to pinpoint common molecular mechanisms in this heterogeneous disease. Evidence from imaging, cellular, and murine work implicates deficiencies in dopamine neurotransmission, transcriptional dysregulation, and selective vulnerability of distinct neuronal populations to disease mutations. Studies of genetic forms of dystonia are also illuminating the developmental dependence of disease symptoms that is typical of many forms of the disease. As understanding of monogenic forms of dystonia grows, a clearer picture will develop of the abnormal motor circuitry behind this relatively common phenomenology. This chapter focuses on the current data covering the etiology and epidemiology, clinical presentation, and pathogenesis of four monogenic forms of isolated dystonia: DYT-TOR1A, DYT-THAP1, DYT-GCH1, and DYT-GNAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Weisheit
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Samuel S Pappas
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - William T Dauer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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33
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Yano H, Provasi D, Cai NS, Filizola M, Ferré S, Javitch JA. Development of novel biosensors to study receptor-mediated activation of the G-protein α subunits G s and G olf. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19989-19998. [PMID: 29042444 PMCID: PMC5723988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gαs (Gs) and Gαolf (Golf) are highly homologous G-protein α subunits that activate adenylate cyclase, thereby serving as crucial mediators of intracellular signaling. Because of their dramatically different brain expression patterns, we studied similarities and differences between their activation processes with the aim of comparing their receptor coupling mechanisms. We engineered novel luciferase- and Venus-fused Gα constructs that can be used in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays. In conjunction with molecular simulations, these novel biosensors were used to determine receptor activation-induced changes in conformation. Relative movements in Gs were consistent with the crystal structure of β2 adrenergic receptor in complex with Gs Conformational changes in Golf activation are shown to be similar to those in Gs Overall the current study reveals general similarities between Gs and Golf activation at the molecular level and provides a novel set of tools to search for Gs- and Golf-specific receptor pharmacology. In view of the wide functional and pharmacological roles of Gs- and Golf-coupled dopamine D1 receptor and adenosine A2A receptor in the brain and other organs, elucidating their differential structure-function relationships with Gs and Golf might provide new approaches for the treatment of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, these novel biosensors can be used to reveal potentially therapeutic dopamine D1 receptor and adenosine A2A receptor ligands with functionally selective properties between Gs and Golf signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yano
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224.
| | - Davide Provasi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ning Sheng Cai
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Marta Filizola
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Sergi Ferré
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032.
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Hebert E, Borngräber F, Schmidt A, Rakovic A, Brænne I, Weissbach A, Hampf J, Vollstedt EJ, Größer L, Schaake S, Müller M, Manzoor H, Jabusch HC, Alvarez-Fischer D, Kasten M, Kostic VS, Gasser T, Zeuner KE, Kim HJ, Jeon B, Bauer P, Altenmüller E, Klein C, Lohmann K. Functional Characterization of Rare RAB12 Variants and Their Role in Musician's and Other Dystonias. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100276. [PMID: 29057844 PMCID: PMC5664126 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in RAB (member of the Ras superfamily) genes are increasingly recognized as cause of a variety of disorders including neurological conditions. While musician’s dystonia (MD) and writer’s dystonia (WD) are task-specific movement disorders, other dystonias persistently affect postures as in cervical dystonia. Little is known about the underlying etiology. Next-generation sequencing revealed a rare missense variant (c.586A>G; p.Ile196Val) in RAB12 in two of three MD/WD families. Next, we tested 916 additional dystonia patients; 512 Parkinson’s disease patients; and 461 healthy controls for RAB12 variants and identified 10 additional carriers of rare missense changes among dystonia patients (1.1%) but only one carrier in non-dystonic individuals (0.1%; p = 0.005). The detected variants among index patients comprised p.Ile196Val (n = 6); p.Ala174Thr (n = 3); p.Gly13Asp; p.Ala148Thr; and p.Arg181Gln in patients with MD; cervical dystonia; or WD. Two relatives of MD patients with WD also carried p.Ile196Val. The two variants identified in MD patients (p.Ile196Val; p.Gly13Asp) were characterized on endogenous levels in patient-derived fibroblasts and in two RAB12-overexpressing cell models. The ability to hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP), so called GTPase activity, was increased in mutants compared to wildtype. Furthermore, subcellular distribution of RAB12 in mutants was altered in fibroblasts. Soluble Transferrin receptor 1 levels were reduced in the blood of all three tested p.Ile196Val carriers. In conclusion, we demonstrate an enrichment of missense changes among dystonia patients. Functional characterization revealed altered enzyme activity and lysosomal distribution in mutants suggesting a contribution of RAB12 variants to MD and other dystonias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hebert
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Friederike Borngräber
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
- Kurt Singer Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Health, Hanns Eisler School of Music Berlin, 10595 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Center for Musicians' Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
- Kurt Singer Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Health, Hanns Eisler School of Music Berlin, 10595 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Center for Musicians' Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aleksandar Rakovic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Brænne
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Jennie Hampf
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
| | | | - Leopold Größer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Susen Schaake
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Michaela Müller
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Humera Manzoor
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lubeck, Germany.
| | - Vladimir S Kostic
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.
| | - Kirsten E Zeuner
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | | | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musician's Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media, 30175 Hanover, Germany.
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dystonia is a clinically heterogeneous group of hyperkinetic movement disorders. Recent advances have provided a better understanding of these conditions with significant clinical impact. SOURCES OF DATA Peer reviewed journals and reviews. PubMed.gov. AREAS OF AGREEMENT A recent consensus classification, including the assessment of phenomenology and identification of the dystonia syndromes, has provided a helpful tool for the clinical assessment. New forms of monogenic dystonia have been recently identified. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Despite recent advances in the understanding of dystonia, treatment remains symptomatic in most patients. GROWING POINTS Recent advances in genetics have provided a better understanding of the potential pathogenic mechanisms involved in dystonia. Deep brain stimulation has shown to improve focal and combined forms of dystonia and its indications are constantly expanding. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Growing understanding of the disease mechanisms involved will allow the development of targeted and disease-modifying therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo De Pablo-Fernandez
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ London, UK.,Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ London, UK
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ London, UK.,Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ London, UK
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Abstract
Mainly due to the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), the field of genetics of dystonia has rapidly grown in recent years, which led to the discovery of a number of novel dystonia genes and the development of a new classification and nomenclature for inherited dystonias. In addition, new findings from both in vivo and in vitro studies have been published on the role of previously known dystonia genes, extending our understanding of the pathophysiology of dystonia. We here review the current knowledge and recent findings in the known genes for isolated dystonia TOR1A, THAP1, and GNAL as well as for the combined dystonias due to mutations in GCH1, ATP1A3, and SGCE. We present confirmatory evidence for a role of dystonia genes that had not yet been unequivocally established including PRKRA, TUBB4A, ANO3, and TAF1. We finally discuss selected novel genes for dystonia such as KMT2B and VAC14 along with the challenges for gene identification in the NGS era and the translational importance of dystonia genetics in clinical practice.
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Heterozygous Gnal Mice Are a Novel Animal Model with Which to Study Dystonia Pathophysiology. J Neurosci 2017; 37:6253-6267. [PMID: 28546310 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1529-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions and its pathophysiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Dominant mutations of the GNAL gene are a cause of isolated dystonia (DYT25) in patients. Some mutations result in a complete loss of function of the encoded protein, Gαolf, an adenylyl-cyclase-stimulatory G-protein highly enriched in striatal projection neurons, where it mediates the actions of dopamine and adenosine. We used male and female heterozygous Gnal knock-out mice (Gnal+/-) to study how GNAL haplodeficiency is implicated in dystonia. In basal conditions, no overt dystonic movements or postures or change in locomotor activity were observed. However, Gnal haploinsufficiency altered self-grooming, motor coordination, and apparent motivation in operant conditioning, as well as spine morphology and phospho-CaMKIIβ in the striatum. After systemic administration of oxotremorine, an unselective cholinergic agonist, Gnal+/- mice developed more abnormal postures and movements than WT mice. These effects were not caused by seizures as indicated by EEG recordings. They were prevented by the M1-preferring muscarinic antagonists, telenzepine, pirenzepine, and trihexyphenidyl, which alleviate dystonic symptoms in patients. The motor defects were worsened by mecamylamine, a selective nicotinic antagonist. These oxotremorine-induced abnormalities in Gnal+/- mice were replicated by oxotremorine infusion into the striatum, but not into the cerebellum, indicating that defects in striatal neurons favor the appearance of dystonia-like movement alterations after oxotremorine. Untreated and oxotremorine-treated Gnal+/- mice provide a model of presymptomic and symptomatic stages of DYT25-associated dystonia, respectively, and clues about the mechanisms underlying dystonia pathogenesis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adult-onset dystonia DYT25 is caused by dominant loss-of-function mutations of GNAL, a gene encoding the stimulatory G-protein Gαolf, which is critical for activation of the cAMP pathway in the striatal projection neurons. Here, we demonstrate that Gnal-haplodeficient mice have a mild neurological phenotype and display vulnerability to developing dystonic movements after systemic or intrastriatal injection of the cholinergic agonist oxotremorine. Therefore, impairment of the cAMP pathway in association with an increased cholinergic tone creates alterations in striatal neuron functions that can promote the onset of dystonia. Our results also provide evidence that untreated and oxotremorine-treated Gnal-haplodeficient mice are powerful models with which to study presymptomic and symptomatic stages of DYT25-associated dystonia, respectively.
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Lohmann K, Masuho I, Patil DN, Baumann H, Hebert E, Steinrücke S, Trujillano D, Skamangas NK, Dobricic V, Hüning I, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Westenberger A, Savic-Pavicevic D, Münchau A, Oprea G, Klein C, Rolfs A, Martemyanov KA. Novel GNB1 mutations disrupt assembly and function of G protein heterotrimers and cause global developmental delay in humans. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1078-1086. [PMID: 28087732 PMCID: PMC6075543 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Global developmental delay (GDD), often accompanied by intellectual disability, seizures and other features is a severe, clinically and genetically highly heterogeneous childhood-onset disorder. In cases where genetic causes have been identified, de novo mutations in neuronally expressed genes are a common scenario. These mutations can be best identified by exome sequencing of parent-offspring trios. De novo mutations in the guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta 1 (GNB1) gene, encoding the Gβ1 subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, have recently been identified as a novel genetic cause of GDD. Using exome sequencing, we identified 14 different novel variants (2 splice site, 2 frameshift and 10 missense changes) in GNB1 in 16 pediatric patients. One mutation (R96L) was recurrently found in three ethnically diverse families with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Ten variants occurred de novo in the patients. Missense changes were functionally tested for their pathogenicity by assaying the impact on complex formation with Gγ and resultant mutant Gβγ with Gα. Signaling properties of G protein complexes carrying mutant Gβ1 subunits were further analyzed by their ability to couple to dopamine D1R receptors by real-time bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays. These studies revealed altered functionality of the missense mutations R52G, G64V, A92T, P94S, P96L, A106T and D118G but not for L30F, H91R and K337Q. In conclusion, we demonstrate a pathogenic role of de novo and autosomal dominant mutations in GNB1 as a cause of GDD and provide insights how perturbation in heterotrimeric G protein function contributes to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Dipak N. Patil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hauke Baumann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eva Hebert
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sofia Steinrücke
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Irina Hüning
- Institut fur Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Ana Westenberger
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Centogene AG, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pandey S, Sharma S. Meige's syndrome: History, epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment. J Neurol Sci 2017; 372:162-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ferrer I, Garcia-Esparcia P, Carmona M, Carro E, Aronica E, Kovacs GG, Grison A, Gustincich S. Olfactory Receptors in Non-Chemosensory Organs: The Nervous System in Health and Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:163. [PMID: 27458372 PMCID: PMC4932117 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) and down-stream functional signaling molecules adenylyl cyclase 3 (AC3), olfactory G protein α subunit (Gαolf), OR transporters receptor transporter proteins 1 and 2 (RTP1 and RTP2), receptor expression enhancing protein 1 (REEP1), and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are expressed in neurons of the human and murine central nervous system (CNS). In vitro studies have shown that these receptors react to external stimuli and therefore are equipped to be functional. However, ORs are not directly related to the detection of odors. Several molecules delivered from the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, neighboring local neurons and glial cells, distant cells through the extracellular space, and the cells’ own self-regulating internal homeostasis can be postulated as possible ligands. Moreover, a single neuron outside the olfactory epithelium expresses more than one receptor, and the mechanism of transcriptional regulation may be different in olfactory epithelia and brain neurons. OR gene expression is altered in several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) subtypes MM1 and VV2 with disease-, region- and subtype-specific patterns. Altered gene expression is also observed in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia with a major but not total influence of chlorpromazine treatment. Preliminary parallel observations have also shown the presence of taste receptors (TASRs), mainly of the bitter taste family, in the mammalian brain, whose function is not related to taste. TASRs in brain are also abnormally regulated in neurodegenerative diseases. These seminal observations point to the need for further studies on ORs and TASRs chemoreceptors in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Garcia-Esparcia
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Carmona
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain; Neuroscience Group, Research Institute HospitalMadrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Grison
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Area of Neuroscience Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Area of Neuroscience Trieste, Italy
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Masuho I, Fang M, Geng C, Zhang J, Jiang H, Özgul RK, Yılmaz DY, Yalnızoğlu D, Yüksel D, Yarrow A, Myers A, Burn SC, Crotwell PL, Padilla-Lopez S, Dursun A, Martemyanov KA, Kruer MC. Homozygous GNAL mutation associated with familial childhood-onset generalized dystonia. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2016; 2:e78. [PMID: 27222887 PMCID: PMC4866576 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Mingyan Fang
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Chunyu Geng
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Riza Köksal Özgul
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Didem Yücel Yılmaz
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Dilek Yalnızoğlu
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Deniz Yüksel
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Anna Yarrow
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Angela Myers
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Sabrina C Burn
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Patricia L Crotwell
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Sergio Padilla-Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Ali Dursun
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Department of Neuroscience (I.M., K.A.M.), Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics (M.F., J.Z.), BGI-Shenzhen (M.F., C.G., J.Z., H.J.), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pediatric Metabolism (R.K.Ö., D.Y.Y., A.D.), Institute of Child Health; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yalnızoğlu), Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Neurology (D. Yüksel), Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Training Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Sanford Children's Health Research Center (A.Y., A.M., S.C.B., P.L.C.), Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Child Health (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (S.P.-L., M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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Bhagat SL, Qiu S, Caffall ZF, Wan Y, Pan Y, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Badea A, Hochgeschwender U, Calakos N. Mouse model of rare TOR1A variant found in sporadic focal dystonia impairs domains affected in DYT1 dystonia patients and animal models. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 93:137-45. [PMID: 27168150 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare de novo mutations in genes associated with inherited Mendelian disorders are potential contributors to sporadic disease. DYT1 dystonia is an autosomal dominant, early-onset, generalized dystonia associated with an in-frame, trinucleotide deletion (n. delGAG, p. ΔE 302/303) in the Tor1a gene. Here we examine the significance of a rare missense variant in the Tor1a gene (c. 613T>A, p. F205I), previously identified in a patient with sporadic late-onset focal dystonia, by modeling it in mice. Homozygous F205I mice have motor impairment, reduced steady-state levels of TorsinA, altered corticostriatal synaptic plasticity, and prominent brain imaging abnormalities in areas associated with motor function. Thus, the F205I variant causes abnormalities in domains affected in people and/or mouse models with the DYT1 Tor1a mutation (ΔE). Our findings establish the pathological significance of the F205I Tor1a variant and provide a model with both etiological and phenotypic relevance to further investigate dystonia mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti L Bhagat
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Sunny Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Zachary F Caffall
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Yehong Wan
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Yuanji Pan
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - William C Wetsel
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Alexandra Badea
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Ute Hochgeschwender
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Nicole Calakos
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, United States.
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43
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Marivin A, Leyme A, Parag-Sharma K, DiGiacomo V, Cheung AY, Nguyen LT, Dominguez I, Garcia-Marcos M. Dominant-negative Gα subunits are a mechanism of dysregulated heterotrimeric G protein signaling in human disease. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra37. [PMID: 27072656 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Auriculo-condylar syndrome (ACS), a rare condition that impairs craniofacial development, is caused by mutations in a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway. In mice, disruption of signaling by the endothelin type A receptor (ET(A)R), which is mediated by the G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein) subunit Gα(q/11) and subsequently phospholipase C (PLC), impairs neural crest cell differentiation that is required for normal craniofacial development. Some ACS patients have mutations inGNAI3, which encodes Gα(i3), but it is unknown whether this G protein has a role within the ET(A)R pathway. We used a Xenopus model of vertebrate development, in vitro biochemistry, and biosensors of G protein activity in mammalian cells to systematically characterize the phenotype and function of all known ACS-associated Gα(i3) mutants. We found that ACS-associated mutations in GNAI3 produce dominant-negative Gα(i3) mutant proteins that couple to ET(A)R but cannot bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate, resulting in the prevention of endothelin-mediated activation of Gα(q/11) and PLC. Thus, ACS is caused by functionally dominant-negative mutations in a heterotrimeric G protein subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Marivin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony Leyme
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kshitij Parag-Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Vincent DiGiacomo
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lien T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Putzel GG, Fuchs T, Battistella G, Rubien-Thomas E, Frucht SJ, Blitzer A, Ozelius LJ, Simonyan K. GNAL mutation in isolated laryngeal dystonia. Mov Disord 2016; 31:750-5. [PMID: 27093447 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 12% of patients with laryngeal dystonia report a familial history of dystonia, pointing to involvement of genetic factors. However, its genetic causes remain unknown. METHOD Using Sanger sequencing, we screened 57 patients with isolated laryngeal dystonia for mutations in known dystonia genes TOR1A (DYT1), THAP1 (DYT6), TUBB4A (DYT4), and GNAL (DYT25). Using functional MRI, we explored the influence of the identified mutation on brain activation during symptomatic task production. RESULTS We identified 1 patient with laryngeal dystonia who was a GNAL mutation carrier. When compared with 26 patients without known mutations, the GNAL carrier had increased activity in the fronto-parietal cortex and decreased activity in the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that GNAL mutation may represent one of the rare causative genetic factors of isolated laryngeal dystonia. Exploratory evidence of distinct neural abnormalities in the GNAL carrier may suggest the presence of divergent pathophysiological cascades underlying this disorder. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Putzel
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tania Fuchs
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giovanni Battistella
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Estee Rubien-Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven J Frucht
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Blitzer
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Head and Neck Surgical Group, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Jochim A, Zech M, Gora-Stahlberg G, Winkelmann J, Haslinger B. The clinical phenotype of early-onset isolated dystonia caused by recessiveCOL6A3mutations (DYT27). Mov Disord 2015; 31:747-50. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Jochim
- Department of Neurology; Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Michael Zech
- Department of Neurology; Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich; Munich Germany
- Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
| | - Gina Gora-Stahlberg
- Department of Neurology; Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy; Munich Germany
| | - Bernhard Haslinger
- Department of Neurology; Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich; Munich Germany
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Carecchio M, Panteghini C, Reale C, Barzaghi C, Monti V, Romito L, Sasanelli F, Garavaglia B. Novel GNAL mutation with intra-familial clinical heterogeneity: Expanding the phenotype. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 23:66-71. [PMID: 26725140 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in GNAL have been associated with adult-onset cranio-cervical dystonia, but a limited number of cases have been reported so far and the clinical spectrum associated with this gene still needs to be fully characterized. METHODS We identified an Italian family with adult-onset, dominantly-inherited dystonia whose members presented with different combinations of dystonia affecting the cervical, oro-mandibular and laryngeal regions associated with prominent tremor in some cases. Pure asymmetric upper limb dystonic tremor was present in one of the members and jerky cervical dystonia was also observed. A dedicate dystonia gene panel (Illumina) was used to screen for dystonia-associated genes and Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm results obtained and to perform segregation analysis. RESULTS A novel single-base mutation in GNAL exon 9 (c.628G>A; p.Asp210Asn) leading to an aminoacidic substitution was identified and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In silico prediction programmes as well as segregation analysis confirmed its pathogenicity. Clinically, no generalization of dystonia was observed after onset and DBS lead to an excellent motor outcome in two cases. CONCLUSION We report a novel GNAL mutation and expand the clinical spectrum associated with mutations in this gene to comprise pure asymmetric dystonic tremor and a jerky cervical phenotype partially mimicking DYT11 positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Carecchio
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Via L. Temolo 4, 20126 Milan, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Celeste Panteghini
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Via L. Temolo 4, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Reale
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Via L. Temolo 4, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Barzaghi
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Via L. Temolo 4, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Monti
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Via L. Temolo 4, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Romito
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Sasanelli
- Department of Neurology, AO Ospedale di Circolo di Melegnano, Strada Pandina 1, 20070 Vizzolo Predabissi (MI), Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Via L. Temolo 4, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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Xie K, Masuho I, Shih CC, Cao Y, Sasaki K, Lai CWJ, Han PL, Ueda H, Dessauer CW, Ehrlich ME, Xu B, Willardson BM, Martemyanov KA. Stable G protein-effector complexes in striatal neurons: mechanism of assembly and role in neurotransmitter signaling. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26613416 PMCID: PMC4728126 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the striatum, signaling via G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors is essential for motor control. Critical to this process is the effector enzyme adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5) that produces second messenger cAMP upon receptor-mediated activation by G protein Golf. However, the molecular organization of the Golf-AC5 signaling axis is not well understood. In this study, we report that in the striatum AC5 exists in a stable pre-coupled complex with subunits of Golf heterotrimer. We use genetic mouse models with disruption in individual components of the complex to reveal hierarchical order of interactions required for AC5-Golf stability. We further identify that the assembly of AC5-Golf complex is mediated by PhLP1 chaperone that plays central role in neurotransmitter receptor coupling to cAMP production motor learning. These findings provide evidence for the existence of stable G protein-effector signaling complexes and identify a new component essential for their assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Xie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Chien-Cheng Shih
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, United States
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Keita Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chun Wan J Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, United States
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, United States
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Baoji Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Barry M Willardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, United States
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
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48
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Ma LY, Wang L, Yang YM, Feng T, Wan XH. Mutations in ANO3
and GNAL
gene in thirty-three isolated dystonia families. Mov Disord 2015; 30:743-4. [PMID: 25847575 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Ma
- Center for Neurodegenerative disease, Department of Neurology; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurology; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Mai Yang
- Department of Neurology; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Feng
- Center for Neurodegenerative disease, Department of Neurology; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Wan
- Department of Neurology; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
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Brüggemann N, Kühn A, Schneider SA, Kamm C, Wolters A, Krause P, Moro E, Steigerwald F, Wittstock M, Tronnier V, Lozano AM, Hamani C, Poon YY, Zittel S, Wächter T, Deuschl G, Krüger R, Kupsch A, Münchau A, Lohmann K, Volkmann J, Klein C. Short- and long-term outcome of chronic pallidal neurostimulation in monogenic isolated dystonia. Neurology 2015; 84:895-903. [PMID: 25653290 PMCID: PMC6170184 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deep brain stimulation of the internal pallidum (GPi-DBS) is an established therapeutic option in treatment-refractory dystonia, and the identification of factors predicting surgical outcome is needed to optimize patient selection. METHODS In this retrospective multicenter study, GPi-DBS outcome of 8 patients with DYT6, 9 with DYT1, and 38 with isolated dystonia without known monogenic cause (non-DYT) was assessed at early (1-16 months) and late (22-92 months) follow-up using Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) scores. RESULTS At early follow-up, mean reduction of dystonia severity was greater in patients with DYT1 (BFMDRS score: -60%) and non-DYT dystonia (-52%) than in patients with DYT6 dystonia (-32%; p = 0.046). Accordingly, the rate of responders was considerably lower in the latter group (57% vs >90%; p = 0.017). At late follow-up, however, GPi-DBS resulted in comparable improvement in all 3 groups (DYT6, -42%; DYT1, -44; non-DYT, -61%). Additional DBS of the same or another brain target was performed in 3 of 8 patients with DYT6 dystonia with varying results. Regardless of the genotype, patients with a shorter duration from onset of dystonia to surgery had better control of dystonia postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Long-term GPi-DBS is effective in patients with DYT6, DYT1, and non-DYT dystonia. However, the effect of DBS appears to be less predictable in patients with DYT6, suggesting that pre-DBS genetic testing and counseling for known dystonia gene mutations may be indicated. GPi-DBS should probably be considered earlier in the disease course. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that long-term GPi-DBS improves dystonia in patients with DYT1, DYT6, and non-DYT dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Brüggemann
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Andrea Kühn
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Susanne A Schneider
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kamm
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolters
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Krause
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elena Moro
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Steigerwald
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wittstock
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volker Tronnier
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andres M Lozano
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Clement Hamani
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yu-Yan Poon
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Simone Zittel
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Wächter
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Günther Deuschl
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kupsch
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- From the Institute of Neurogenetics (N.B., S.A.S., S.Z., A.M., K.L., C. Klein), University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology (N.B.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck; Department of Neurology (A. Kühn, P.K.), Virchow Clinics, University Berlin Charité; Department of Neurology (S.A.S., G.D.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Department of Neurology (C. Kamm, A.W., M.W.), University Hospital Rostock, Germany; Movement Disorders Center (E.M., Y.-Y.P.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, UHN, Canada; Movement Disorders Unit (E.M.), Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; Department of Neurology (F.S., J.V.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurosurgery (V.T.), University Hospital Lübeck, Germany; Division of Neurosurgery (A.M.L., C.H.), Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (T.W., R.K.), University Hospital Tübingen, Center for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen; Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg; and Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery (A. Kupsch), Basal Ganglia Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
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50
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Abstract
Dystonia, a common and genetically heterogeneous neurological disorder, was recently defined as "a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures, or both." Via the application of whole-exome sequencing, the genetic landscape of dystonia and closely related movement disorders is becoming exposed. In particular, several "novel" genetic causes have been causally associated with dystonia or dystonia-related disorders over the past 2 years. These genes include PRRT2 (DYT10), CIZ1 (DYT23), ANO3 (DYT24), GNAL (DYT25), and TUBB4A (DYT4). Despite these advances, major gaps remain in identifying the genetic origins for most cases of adult-onset isolated dystonia. Furthermore, model systems are needed to study the biology of PRRT2, CIZ1, ANO3, Gαolf, and TUBB4A in the context of dystonia. This review focuses on these recent additions to the family of dystonia genes, genotype-phenotype correlations, and possible cellular contributions of the encoded proteins to the development of dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Link Building Suite 415, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA,
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