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Low Concentrated Fractionalized Nanofibers as Suitable Fillers for Optimization of Structural–Functional Parameters of Dead Space Gel Implants after Rectal Extirpation. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030158. [PMID: 35323271 PMCID: PMC8949947 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dead space after rectal resection in colorectal surgery is an area with a high risk of complications. In this study, our goal was to develop a novel 3D implant based on composite hydrogels enriched with fractionalized nanofibers. We employed, as a novel approach in abdominal surgery, the application of agarose gels functionalized with fractionalized nanofibers on pieces dozens of microns large with a well-preserved nano-substructure. This retained excellent cell accommodation and proliferation, while nanofiber structures in separated islets allowed cells a free migration throughout the gel. We found these low-concentrated fractionalized nanofibers to be a good tool for structural and biomechanical optimization of the 3D hydrogel implants. In addition, this nano-structuralized system can serve as a convenient drug delivery system for a controlled release of encapsulated bioactive substances from the nanofiber core. Thus, we present novel 3D nanofiber-based gels for controlled release, with a possibility to modify both their biomechanical properties and drug release intended for 3D lesions healing after a rectal extirpation, hysterectomy, or pelvic exenteration.
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2
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Li Y, Zhang R, Han Y, Lu T, Ding J, Zhang K, Lin G, Xie J, Li J. Comparison of the types of candidate reference samples for quality control of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status detection. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:85. [PMID: 27613595 PMCID: PMC5018185 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is as a target gene for trastuzumab in patients with breast cancer. Accurate determination of HER2 status and strict quality control are necessary to ensure reproducibility and accuracy of the techniques used for the determination of HER2 status. Methods We used three different types of samples: formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples prepared from cell lines, agarose gel samples using cell lines, and xenograft tumor samples. One cell line for FFPE or xenografts did not overexpress HER2, while the others showed different levels of HER2 overexpression. We compared the morphology, HER2 gene amplification status, and HER2 protein expression status of these samples with those of clinical specimens. Results We successfully produced three kinds of samples for quality control. Cells from the cell line-sample sections were dispersed while those from the agarose gel-sample sections and xenograft tumor sample sections (prepared from the both cell lines) were concentrated in one area. The FISH results for all three kinds of samples were as expected. The IHC results of the cell line samples and xenograft tumor samples were as expected, but the staining level of the agarose gel samples, using HER2-overexpressed cell lines was weak which might be regarded as a false negative result. Conclusions Xenograft tumor samples might be used as an additional option for quality control in FISH and IHC. However, it might not replace the clinical specimen quality controls directly. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13000-016-0537-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxi Han
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Lu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Ding
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Guigao Lin
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehong Xie
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China. .,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Kos Z, Dabbs DJ. Biomarker assessment and molecular testing for prognostication in breast cancer. Histopathology 2015; 68:70-85. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kos
- University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital; Ottawa ON Canada
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4
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Howat WJ, Lewis A, Jones P, Kampf C, Pontén F, van der Loos CM, Gray N, Womack C, Warford A. Antibody validation of immunohistochemistry for biomarker discovery: recommendations of a consortium of academic and pharmaceutical based histopathology researchers. Methods 2014; 70:34-8. [PMID: 24525140 PMCID: PMC4240800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As biomarker discovery takes centre-stage, the role of immunohistochemistry within that process is increasing. At the same time, the number of antibodies being produced for “research use” continues to rise and it is important that antibodies to be used as biomarkers are validated for specificity and sensitivity before use. This guideline seeks to provide a stepwise approach for the validation of an antibody for immunohistochemical assays, reflecting the views of a consortium of academic and pharmaceutical based histopathology researchers. We propose that antibodies are placed into a tier system, level 1–3, based on evidence of their usage in immunohistochemistry, and that the degree of validation required is proportionate to their place on that tier.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Howat
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
| | | | - Phillipa Jones
- UCL Advanced Diagnostics, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Caroline Kampf
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Neil Gray
- AstraZeneca Oncology Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Chris Womack
- AstraZeneca Oncology Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, UK
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5
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Nondestructive Quality Control of HER2 Control Cell Line Sections. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2009; 17:536-42. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e3181a31bfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Shim JW, Cho KS, Choi YD, Park YW, Lee DW, Han WS, Shim SI, Kim HJ, Cho NH. Diagnostic algorithm for papillary urothelial tumors in the urinary bladder. Virchows Arch 2008; 452:353-62. [PMID: 18311491 PMCID: PMC2668617 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-008-0585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Papillary urothelial neoplasms with deceptively bland cytology cannot be easily classified. We aimed to design a new algorithm that could differentiate between these neoplasms based on a scoring system. We proposed a new scoring system that enables to reproducibly diagnose non-invasive papillary urothelial tumors. In this system, each lesion was given individual scores from 0 to 3 for mitosis and cellular thickness, from 0 to 2 for cellular atypia, and an additional score for papillary fusion. These scores were combined to form a summed score allowing the tumors to be ranked as follows: 0–1 = UP, 2–4 = low malignant potential (LMP), 5–7 = low-grade transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), and 8–9 = high-grade TCC. In addition to the scoring system, ancillary studies of MIB and p53 indexes with CK20 expression pattern analyses were compared together with clinical parameters. The MIB index was strongly correlated with disease progression. Four of the 22 LMP patients (18.2%) had late recurrences, two of these four (9.1%) had progression to low-grade carcinoma. The MIB index for LMP patients was strongly associated with recurrence (recurrence vs. non-recurrence, 16.5 vs. 8.1, p < 0.001). The proposed scoring system could enhance the reproducibility to distinguish papillary urothelial neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Weon Shim
- Department of Pathology, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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7
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Andersson AC, Strömberg S, Bäckvall H, Kampf C, Uhlen M, Wester K, Pontén F. Analysis of protein expression in cell microarrays: a tool for antibody-based proteomics. J Histochem Cytochem 2006; 54:1413-23. [PMID: 16957166 PMCID: PMC3958123 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.6a7001.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue microarray (TMA) technology provides a possibility to explore protein expression patterns in a multitude of normal and disease tissues in a high-throughput setting. Although TMAs have been used for analysis of tissue samples, robust methods for studying in vitro cultured cell lines and cell aspirates in a TMA format have been lacking. We have adopted a technique to homogeneously distribute cells in an agarose gel matrix, creating an artificial tissue. This enables simultaneous profiling of protein expression in suspension- and adherent-grown cell samples assembled in a microarray. In addition, the present study provides an optimized strategy for the basic laboratory steps to efficiently produce TMAs. Presented modifications resulted in an improved quality of specimens and a higher section yield compared with standard TMA production protocols. Sections from the generated cell TMAs were tested for immunohistochemical staining properties using 20 well-characterized antibodies. Comparison of immunoreactivity in cultured dispersed cells and corresponding cells in tissue samples showed congruent results for all tested antibodies. We conclude that a modified TMA technique, including cell samples, provides a valuable tool for high-throughput analysis of protein expression, and that this technique can be used for global approaches to explore the human proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Catrin Andersson
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Strömberg
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Bäckvall
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Kampf
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wester
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
Here, we describe the use of antibody-based proteomics involving the generation of protein-specific antibodies to functionally explore the human proteome. The antibodies can be used for analysis of corresponding proteins in a wide range of assay platforms, including i) immunohistochemistry for detailed tissue profiling, ii) specific affinity reagents for various functional protein assays, and iii) capture ("pull-down") reagents for purification of specific proteins and their associated complexes for structural and biochemical analyses. In this review, the use of antibodies for such analysis will be discussed with focus on the possibility to create a descriptive and comprehensive protein atlas for tissue distribution and subcellular localization of human proteins in both normal and disease tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Uhlen
- Department of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kampf C, Andersson AC, Wester K, Björling E, Uhlen M, Ponten F. Antibody-based tissue profiling as a tool for clinical proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2004. [DOI: 10.1385/cp:1:3-4:285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
The development of new cancer immunodiagnostic tests measuring soluble markers can be divided along the lines of single analyte measurement versus multiplex analysis. In the measurement of single analytes, newly proposed test analytes still struggle with the same issues as their predecessors; namely, can the measurement of a single biomarker be sufficiently sensitive and specific for screening the general population? Probably the best example of this challenge is in the area of bladder cancer detection, where several newly identified markers are being clinically evaluated in multicenter trials. In order to surmount this hurdle, multiplex analysis has become an increasingly important research focus. By combining the statistical power of measuring many cancer-associated analytes, it is hoped that highly specific diagnostic tests can be developed that are suitable for screening the general population. Some of the most impressive data for multiplex cancer biomarker detection derive from a non-immunologic technique - mass spectroscopy. Multiplex analysis has also recently been applied to the measurement of serum antibodies to tumor-associated antigens. Recent data link the development of antibodies to tumor-associated antigens with the presence of solid tumors. This strategy is a departure from the more traditional assay format of measuring the antigens themselves, and is another promising emerging area of investigation for the early detection of solid tumors. Solid tumor analysis by quantitative immunohistochemical staining is another rapidly growing area of cancer immunodiagnosis. This field has become especially important in the context of pharmacodiagnostics - the coupling of cancer therapy to the outcome of a test measurement from a patient biopsy. Standardization and assay reproducibility appear to be the most significant challenges in this context. In summary, developments over the past several years give reason for excitement and optimism about the potential for cancer immunodiagnostics to meaningfully impact cancer patient survival. In this review we take a fresh look at the field of cancer immunodiagnostics, to identify these recent and emerging trends that may impact on clinical practice over the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Bogen
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Bock O, Reising D, Kreipe H. Multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of common BCR-ABL fusion transcripts in paraffin-embedded tissues from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY : THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY, PART B 2003; 12:119-23. [PMID: 12960692 DOI: 10.1097/00019606-200309000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia requires the investigation of the Philadelphia chromosome translocation t(9;22) or the molecular detection of BCR-ABL fusion transcripts. Determination of the type of fusion transcript is crucial for quantitative molecular monitoring the course of the disease during treatment. Histopathologists, who usually use formalin-fixed tissues, may be confronted with the need to investigate the BCR-ABL rearrangement when evaluating tumor forming infiltrates and bone marrow trephines from patients presenting with chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Therefore, we have established a one-tube multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of common BCR-ABL fusion transcripts (b2a2, b3a2, e1a2) in routinely processed tissues and bone marrow trephines with respect to the inevitable fragmentation of ribonucleic acids in these specimens. RT-PCR products allow distinct and unequivocal differentiation of the underlying fusion in either the Major- or minor-breakpoint cluster region. Detection of BCR-ABL fusion transcripts by multiplex RT-PCR in routinely processed and fixed tissues is a time- and cost-sparing tool for definite diagnosis of typical chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Paraffin Embedding
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Sensitivity and Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bock
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hanover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Portela-Gomes GM, Grimelius L, Johansson H, Efendic S, Wester K, Abdel-Halim SM. Increased expression of adenylyl cyclase isoforms in the adrenal gland of diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2002; 10:387-92. [PMID: 12607610 DOI: 10.1097/00129039-200212000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat harbors the same defects expressed in human type 2 diabetes. It is not clear, however, whether stress factors emanating from the adrenal glands are involved in causing the diabetic state. For that reason, the authors studied gland size and expression of adenylyl cyclase isoforms in adrenal glands from Goto-Kakizaki and normal rats. Goto-Kakizaki rat adrenals were found to weigh only about half as much as those of control rats. This decrease was the result of a reduction of the cortex, especially of the zona fasciculata, whereas the medulla was unaffected. Cell density measurements showed that the total number of medullary cells in Goto-Kakizaki rats was lower than that in controls. In the cortex, the cell density did not differ between the two groups; thus, our results point to a marked hypotrophy. In the medulla of Goto-Kakizaki rats, the nuclear size was significantly increased, and there was also an overexpression of adenylyl cyclase 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 isoforms in the adrenalin-producing cells, indicating an increased functional capacity. In the cortex, despite the cortical hypotrophy, adenylyl cyclase 5 immunoreactivity was markedly increased in Goto-Kakizaki rats, especially in the zona reticularis. It is unclear whether this morphologic change in the diabetic adrenal glands together with the overexpression of different adenylyl cyclase isoforms plays a role in the pathogenesis of this diabetic state or is a genetic defect or compensatory mechanism of diabetes in this spontaneous rodent model of type 2 diabetes.
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Shi SR, Cote RJ, Taylor CR. Antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry and molecular morphology in the year 2001. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2001; 9:107-16. [PMID: 11396627 DOI: 10.1097/00129039-200106000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the antigen retrieval (AR) technique upon diagnostic immunohistochemistry (IHC) and upon research has been demonstrated by numerous of articles and more than a dozen major reviews. The specific aim of this survey of the field is to examine potential new approaches to retrieval of nucleic acid and protein from archival paraffin-embedded tissue for molecular biology-based diagnostic procedures that form the basis of the emerging field of molecular morphology. Any new approach must incorporate the principles of standardization and improved reproducibility. The ultimate goal will be to understand the mechanisms of fixation (by formalin) and "unfixation" (by AR). In the interim, the diligent application of practical procedures that have been shown to be tried and true is the least that we must demand from ourselves and our laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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STAGE PROGRESSION IN TA PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL TUMORS: RELATIONSHIP TO GRADE, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF TUMOR MARKERS, MITOTIC FREQUENCY AND DNA PLOIDY. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200104000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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HOLMÄNG STEN, ANDIUS PATRIK, HEDELIN HANS, WESTER KENNETH, BUSCH CHRISTER, JOHANSSON SONNYL. STAGE PROGRESSION IN TA PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL TUMORS: RELATIONSHIP TO GRADE, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF TUMOR MARKERS, MITOTIC FREQUENCY AND DNA PLOIDY. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)66443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- STEN HOLMÄNG
- From the Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Department of Urology, Kärnsjukhuset, Skövde and Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Tromsö, Norway, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, and Eppley Institute of Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - PATRIK ANDIUS
- From the Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Department of Urology, Kärnsjukhuset, Skövde and Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Tromsö, Norway, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, and Eppley Institute of Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - HANS HEDELIN
- From the Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Department of Urology, Kärnsjukhuset, Skövde and Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Tromsö, Norway, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, and Eppley Institute of Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - KENNETH WESTER
- From the Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Department of Urology, Kärnsjukhuset, Skövde and Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Tromsö, Norway, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, and Eppley Institute of Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - CHRISTER BUSCH
- From the Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Department of Urology, Kärnsjukhuset, Skövde and Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Tromsö, Norway, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, and Eppley Institute of Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - SONNY L. JOHANSSON
- From the Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Department of Urology, Kärnsjukhuset, Skövde and Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Tromsö, Norway, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, and Eppley Institute of Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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