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Dridi M, Peoc'h M, Karpathiou G. Primary endometrial gastric (gastro-intestinal)-type carcinoma: A practical approach. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154271. [PMID: 36502736 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The latest WHO classification of the female genital tract tumors introduces a new type of carcinoma: the primary gastric-type (or gastro-intestinal type) carcinoma of the endometrium. This type of neoplasm tends to have a poor outcome, making its correct diagnostic important. As little is known about this entity and given its quite challenging diagnosis, we aim to review existing data about it and propose a practical diagnostic approach. There are currently 11 cases published in 8 articles fitting the precise definition of a primary gastric-type carcinoma of the endometrium. Three main differential diagnoses must be excluded before considering this tumor: endometrioid adenocarcinoma with mucinous (Müllerian-type) differentiation, endocervical primary, and gastro-intestinal primary. Morphological aspects of this tumor can be heterogeneous and confusing; in this context, immunochemistry can be helpful to highlight the gastric or intestinal differentiation, but also to eliminate a mucinous endometrioid adenocarcinoma of Müllerian-type, by the constant negativity of estrogen receptors. A metastasis of a primary gastro-intestinal tract carcinoma must also be excluded by clinical, endoscopic and imaging work-up. Finally, an endometrial extension of a primary endocervical gastric-type carcinoma should be ruled out by complete sampling of the cervix. Intestinal type endocervical adenocarcinoma is easier to eliminate since this is an HPV-associated neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroa Dridi
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Michel Peoc'h
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
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2
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Miyamoto T, Kobara H, Shiozawa T. Biology and management of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:3056-3067. [PMID: 36177810 PMCID: PMC10092153 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) is a multicystic proliferative disorder of the uterine cervix. The aim of this review was to clarify the current understanding of this unique tumor. METHOD This article reviews the chronological progress of research regarding clinico-pathological and genetic aspects of LEGH and related cervical cystic diseases such as Nabothian cyst and adenocarcinoma of gastric type (GAS), using the literature and data from our institute. We also describe clinical management including preoperative diagnosis and adequate surgical/expectant treatment based on the biological features. RESULTS Recent studies revealed several unique aspects of LEGH, that is, (i) production of gastric mucin, (ii) symptomatic and histological similarity with minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA), and (iii) frequent association with GAS, including MDA. These findings indicated that LEGH is a gastric metaplasia, as well as pre-cancerous neoplasia. For the preoperative diagnosis of LEGH, the combination of "cosmos" sign on magnetic resonance imaging, detection of gastric mucin, and lack of nuclear atypia on cytology is important. Cone biopsy is effective for pathological diagnosis. Simple hysterectomy is indicated as surgical treatment for LEGH; however, meticulous follow-up is also an option, especially for young patients, because the rate of malignant transformation was reported to be 1%-2%. For LEGH patients who selected follow-up, a worsening cytology and increase in lesion size were important signs of malignant change of LEGH for safe follow-up. CONCLUSION Proper understanding of the characteristics of LEGH is important for adequate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kobara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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3
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Genetic characteristics of gastric-type mucinous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:637-646. [PMID: 32641744 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric-type mucinous carcinoma (GAS) is a recently established variant of endocervical mucinous adenocarcinoma that is characterized as being unrelated to HPV and having aggressive behavior and chemoresistance. GAS has a distinct morphology resembling nonneoplastic gastric glands or pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinoma, and their possible genetic similarity has been posed. In this study, next-generation sequencing was performed in 21 GAS cases using a customized panel including 94 cancer-associated genes. A total of 54 nonsynonymous somatic mutations were detected with an average mutation rate of 2.6 per lesion (range: 0-9). The most frequently mutated gene was TP53 (11/21, 52.4%), followed by STK11, HLA-B, PTPRS (4/21, 19.0%), FGFR4 (3/21, 14.3%), GNAS, BRCA2, ELF3, ERBB3, KMT2D, SLX4 (2/21, 9.5%), CDH1, EPCAM, KRAS, MLH1, RNF43, SNAI1, TWIST1, ZEB1, ZEB2, and so on (1/21, 4.8%). The mutated genes were mostly involved in signal transduction, DNA damage repair, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Correlation of TP53 mutation and p53 protein expression demonstrated that 31.3% with abnormal p53 expression harbored wild-type TP53. Compared to genetic features of gastric and pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinoma, TP53 mutations were frequent in both GAS and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. While KMT2D, ERBB3, and RNF43 mutations were shared between GAS and gastric adenocarcinoma, highly mutated genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma such as KRAS, SMAD4, and CDKN2A were rarely mutated in GAS. Of frequently mutated genes in cholangiocarcinoma, BAP1 and HLA-B were identified in GAS. Frequent EMT-related gene mutations suggested a possible role of EMT-related pathways in tumor dissemination and chemoresistance of GAS. In addition, GAS shared some genetic features with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. These findings provide a clue in understanding the biological basis of GAS.
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4
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Ohya A, Kobara H, Miyamoto T, Komatsu M, Shiozawa T, Fujinaga Y. Usefulness of the 'cosmos pattern' for differentiating between cervical gastric-type mucin-positive lesions and other benign cervical cystic lesions in magnetic resonance images. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 47:745-756. [PMID: 33331010 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the usefulness of the 'cosmos pattern' (CP) on magnetic resonance (MR) images for differentiating between gastric-type mucin-positive lesions (GMPL) and gastric-type mucin-negative lesions (GMNL). METHODS This study included 131 patients with clinical suspicion of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) who underwent pelvic MR imaging and a Pap smear and/or latex agglutination assay. Differences in MR findings, such as cyst and solid component patterns, cervical location and T1-weighted image (T1WI) signal intensity, were compared between GMPL and GMNL. The diagnostic performances of the findings were assessed. RESULTS The frequencies of CP (63.1%), upper part (UP) lesions (72.3%) and hypointense area compared with the cervical stroma on T1WI (61.3%) were significantly greater in GMPL than in GMNL (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and odds ratio of the CP for diagnosis of GMPL were 63.1%, 87.9%, 83.7%, 70.7% and 12.4, respectively. In GMNL, a 'macrocystic pattern' was observed in 65.2% of patients; an isointense or hyperintense area on T1WI was observed in 86.4% of patients. The sensitivity was highest (90.8%) when one or more of the following were observed: CP, UP lesion, or hypointense area on T1WI. The specificity was highest (95.5%) when the CP was observed as a hypointense area on T1WI. CONCLUSION The CP is a highly specific finding for diagnosis of GMPL. If the CP is observed as a hypointense area compared with the cervical stroma on T1WI, GMPL (i.e., LEGH or gastric-type mucinous carcinoma) should be strongly suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Ohya
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kobara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mai Komatsu
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yasunari Fujinaga
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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5
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Baltisser I. [Cytological findings in glandular lesions of the uterine cervix]. DER PATHOLOGE 2020; 41:155-158. [PMID: 33113048 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-020-00836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to further developments in the diagnosis of glandular cervical changes with the definition of several new entities, the exact classification of these can only be achieved with the help of cytomorphology and additive methods. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The aim of this work is to give an overview of the status and future perspectives of cytomorphological diagnostics and biomarkers in this setting. Our own expertise and literature data were considered and evaluated. We especially covered the benign group including microglandular hyperplasia, tubal metaplasia, and reactive withdrawal induced changes, as well as adenocarcinoma in situ of usual type and invasive adenocarcinoma of usual type. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Immunocytochemical markers may occasionally take a role in the evaluation of benign endocervical glandular proliferations, the mainstay of their interpretation occurs morphologically in the conventional routinely stained smears. Adenocarcinoma in situ of usual type has very characteristic cytological criteria, which are reproducible in daily work, and p16 positivity is a very useful marker for this HPV-related lesion. The present classification of invasive adenocarcinomas of the endocervix requires knowledge of new immunohistochemical and molecular technologies. Due to HPV vaccination we can expect a decrease of HPV associated adenocarcinomas and a relative increase of HPV negative, clinically more aggressive adenocarcinomas. The cytological features of some groups of non-HPV-associated adenocarcinomas are not specific. In these instances, the different biomarkers are more helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baltisser
- Institut für histologische und zytologische Diagnostik AG, Dammweg 1, 6000, Aarau, Schweiz.
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Schwock J, Starova B, Khan ZF, Mirkovic J, Parra-Herran C, Ko HM, Rouzbahman M, Ghorab Z. Cytomorphologic Features of Gastric-Type Endocervical Adenocarcinoma in Liquid-Based Preparations. Acta Cytol 2020; 65:56-66. [PMID: 33152741 DOI: 10.1159/000511003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GAS) is a recently described, uncommon, and aggressive tumor with distinct morphologic features and HPV-independent etiology. Data on GAS in liquid-based cytology (LBC) Papanicolaou (Pap) test preparations from a North American patient population are scant. We systematically assessed the cytomorphologic characteristics of GAS in LBC from patients in Ontario and examined if glandular cell nuclear area could represent a readily assessable feature which may aid in GAS detection. STUDY DESIGN Pap test slides preceding the diagnosis of GAS were retrieved locally or requested from outside laboratories. A structured review of 15 cytomorphologic features was performed using the available LBC Pap test slides of GAS and a set of usual-type endocervical adenocarcinomas (UEA). Morphometry of the glandular cell nuclear area was performed, and normalized values were compared to UEA and benign endocervical cells. RESULTS At least 1 Pap test (5 ThinPrep®, 11 SurePath®, and 1 direct smear) was available for 14 patients. Original LBC Pap test diagnoses were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) (7), adenocarcinoma/carcinoma (6), atypical glandular cells (2), and adenocarcinoma in situ (1). Review detected abnormal glandular cells in 6/7 NILM cases. Honeycomb-like sheets, nuclear enlargement, and microvesicular cytoplasm were the single most common architectural, nuclear, and cytoplasmic features, respectively. Microvesicular cytoplasm (100 vs. 17%), honeycomb-like sheets (87 vs. 8%), prominent nucleoli (93 vs. 25%), and anisonucleosis (93 vs. 50%) were most discriminatory for GAS versus UEA, respectively. Yellow mucin, intranuclear cytoplasmic pseudoinclusions, and goblet/Paneth-like cells were uncommon, but unique for GAS. Glandular cell nuclear area normalized to neutrophils was found to be significantly increased in GAS compared to benign endocervical cells. CONCLUSIONS GAS is under-recognized and may mimic reactive endocervical cells. Awareness of the tumor type and its cytomorphology is critical for early detection. Identification of glandular cells with uniform nuclear enlargement in conjunction with any of the other cytologic features may help avoid false-negative Pap results. Neutrophils may serve as convenient size reference and visual aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Schwock
- Division of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
| | - Blerta Starova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zanobia F Khan
- Department of Pathology, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jelena Mirkovic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos Parra-Herran
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyang Mi Ko
- Division of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marjan Rouzbahman
- Division of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zeina Ghorab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Kobara H, Miyamoto T, Ando H, Asaka R, Takatsu A, Ohya A, Asaka S, Shiozawa T. Limited frequency of malignant change in lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:1480-1487. [PMID: 32883699 PMCID: PMC7548537 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia is a benign disorder of the uterine cervix, its potential as a precursor of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma has been reported. However, the natural history of the disease and the frequency of malignant change are not fully understood. We evaluated the frequency of malignant change of clinical lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia and explored useful parameters indicating malignant change. Methods The clinical courses of 175 patients with cervical multi-cystic lesions who visited Shinshu University Hospital between June 1995 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. We examined the results of follow-up and outcomes of the patients diagnosed with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia and investigated the frequency of malignant transformation. Results Of the 175 patients, 15, 84, and 76 were clinically diagnosed with suspected malignancy, suspected lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia, and suspected nabothian cyst, respectively. Of these patients, 69 patients with suspected lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia were followed, and 12 underwent hysterectomy after a mean follow-up of 57.1 (range: 3–154) months due to lesion enlargement (increase in tumor diameter of >20%) and/or worsening cytology. Of these 12 patients, two had lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia with atypia and one had minimal deviation adenocarcinoma. Of 69 patients, the rate of malignant change was 1.4% (1/69). The growth rates of the lesions for these three patients during follow-up were significantly higher than those of nine patients who underwent surgery with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia without atypia and 48 follow-up cases of suspected lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. The cut-off value of the growth rate suggesting malignant transformation was 38.1% (84.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity). Tumor size and cytology did not change in the remaining 57 cases continuing follow-up. Conclusion An increase in tumor size and worsening cytology are important parameters for detecting malignant transformation of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia during follow-up. However, the frequency of malignant change of this disease may be limited. These results suggest that conservative management may be an option for clinical lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Kobara
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyamoto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ando
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Asaka
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akiko Takatsu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ohya
- Radiology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shiho Asaka
- Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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8
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Kanai R, Ohshima K, Ishii K, Sonohara M, Ishikawa M, Yamaguchi M, Ohtani Y, Kobayashi Y, Ota H, Kimura F. Discriminant analysis and interpretation of nuclear chromatin distribution and coarseness using gray-level co-occurrence matrix features for lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 48:724-735. [PMID: 32374944 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) is a disease considered to be the origin of tumorigenesis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma, which has characteristic expression in the gastric pyloric mucosa. It is difficult to diagnose by nuclear findings because of lower nuclear atypia. In this study, nuclei of endocervical (EC) and LEGH cells were digitized, and nuclear information was quantified from nuclear images and objectively evaluated using a computer. We examined whether it is possible to distinguish between EC and LEGH cells, which is difficult by human eyes. METHODS Signal intensity, morphological features, Otsu thresholding technique and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features were calculated from nuclei of EC and LEGH cells on cytology microscopic images. Then, discriminant analysis was performed using the significant difference test and linear support vector machine (LSVM). RESULTS GLCM features in LEGH cells were higher than those in EC cells. The nuclei of LEGH cells had a higher frequency of signal value pairs with a larger signal value difference than that of EC cells. Therefore, LEGH cell nuclei are thought to have more chromatin granules, and the chromatin is coarse and granular. Moreover, in the LSVM discriminant analysis, the accuracy of GLCM calculated using these features was 85.4%. CONCLUSION In this study, GLCM accurately demonstrated the nuclear chromatin distribution and coarseness. Discriminant analysis of EC and LEGH cells using GLCM features is useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kanai
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Ohshima
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Okaya City Hospital, Okaya, Japan
| | - Masaki Sonohara
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishikawa
- Faculty of Health & Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Information Processing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhi Ohtani
- Department of Information Processing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Kimura
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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9
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Kobara H, Miyamoto T, Otsuki T, Ohya A, Shiozawa T. Worsening cytology and lesion enlargement are useful indicators for malignant transformation of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia during follow-up: A case report. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2020; 32:100571. [PMID: 32373692 PMCID: PMC7191578 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2020.100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of MDA arising from clinical LEGH during 5 years of follow-up. The first sign suggesting MDA was cellular atypia in endocervical cytology, and was followed by an increase in tumor size. MDA lesion lacked in stromal reaction and MRI failed to detected MDA. Worsening cytology and lesion enlargement are important signs for malignant change of LEGH during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Kobara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Toshiaki Otsuki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ohya
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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10
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Garg S, Nagaria TS, Clarke B, Freedman O, Khan Z, Schwock J, Bernardini MQ, Oza AM, Han K, Smith AC, Stockley TL, Rouzbahman M. Molecular characterization of gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma using next-generation sequencing. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1823-1833. [PMID: 31308508 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma is an uncommon aggressive type of endocervical adenocarcinoma that is not associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). At present, this tumor is classified under the spectrum of mucinous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The clinical stage of gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma at the time of diagnosis is usually more advanced compared to the HPV-associated endocervical adenocarcinoma. Widespread dissemination to unusual sites, such as omentum, peritoneum, and distant organs, can be present. Owing to its rare incidence, diagnostic dilemmas, and aggressive behavior, clinical management can be challenging. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular characteristics of these tumors by using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to assess 161 unique cancer-driver genes for single-nucleotide and copy-number variations, gene fusions, and insertions/deletions within gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma tumors. In total, 92 variants were detected across the 14 samples tested (7 variants on average per tumor). TP53 was the most recurrently mutated gene followed by MSH6, CDKN2A/B, POLE, SLX4, ARID1A, STK11, BRCA2, and MSH2. Abnormal p53 expression was observed in nine cases by immunohistochemistry, of which TP53 variants were present in four cases. MDM2 gene amplification in 12q15 (69202190-69233452) locus was seen in two cases that express normal p53 levels by immunohistochemistry. Four cases had STK11 null (frameshift/nonsense) variants, three of which were previously reported in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Overall, genes that are implicated in DNA damage, repair, cell cycle, Fanconi anemia pathway, and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were found to be mutated. Of note, genes known to have acquired and/or inherited variants in endometrial tumors were enriched within our cohort. In conclusion, our study shows the genetic heterogeneity of gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma with some potentially actionable molecular alterations, which highlights the importance of further molecular characterization for better identification of this rare entity, and hence better clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Garg
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Teddy S Nagaria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Blaise Clarke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Zanobia Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joerg Schwock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathy Han
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam C Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Genome Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Genetics, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L Stockley
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Genome Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Genetics, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marjan Rouzbahman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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11
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Deb PQ, Marcus JZ, Abedin Y, Heller DS. A Deceptive Spread: Myoinvasion of Endometrial Carcinoma Imitating Adenoma Malignum. Int J Surg Pathol 2019; 28:284-286. [PMID: 31690149 DOI: 10.1177/1066896919886113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometrioid type of endometrial carcinoma is the most common form of uterine malignancy. The majority of patients in the developed world present with the low-grade, low-stage type of this malignancy. The current treatment of early-stage endometrioid carcinoma provides most patients with a favorable outcome. One of the important factors that determine the outcome of early-stage endometrial carcinoma is the involvement of cervical stroma. One of the very rare forms of cervical stromal involvement by endometrioid carcinoma is termed "adenoma malignum type" invasion due to its similarity to the infamously deceptive type of cervical adenocarcinoma called adenoma malignum. Since adenoma malignum is often discovered incidentally, finding adenoma malignum type of myoinvasion may deceive a pathologist to diagnose the simultaneous presence of endometrial carcinoma and adenoma malignum in the same patient as 2 separate entities. Also, this type of myoinvasion may be missed altogether for its subtle nature. In this article, we report a case of low-grade, low-stage endometrioid carcinoma with adenoma malignum type of myoinvasion. We have pointed out the subtle nature of this lesion and the important features to remember to successfully identify it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Q Deb
- Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Stoehr A, Nann D, Staebler A, Oberlechner E, Brucker SY, Bachmann C. Difficulties in diagnosis of a minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix diagnosed postoperatively: brief communication and literature review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:1029-1043. [PMID: 31529365 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rare minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) diagnosed postoperatively as incidental finding of a suspicious cervical lesion at laparoscopy, emphasizing it represents a diagnostic challenge mimicking both benign and malignant cervical lesions with often overlapping imaging characteristics-case report and literature review. CASE PRESENTATION 35-year-old Gravida with primary infertility presented with a suspicious cervical lesion and complained about menorrhagia, hyper-/dysmenorrhea. Clinical examination was unremarkable, transvaginal scan presented a 42 × 38 × 28 mm sized cervical lesion (i.e. fibroid) without hypervascularization. Unexpectedly, the diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma in tissue sample taken from suspicious cervical lesion at laparoscopy was revealed in final pathological report. According to suspected early stage of MDA a radical abdominal hysterectomy (PIVER III/IV), bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was scheduled. Final histology report confirmed: "MDA", G2, FIGO pT1b1, pN0 (0/23 LN) L0 V0 Pn0 R0. RESULTS Ultrasonography may indicate MDA throughout the examination of vascularization/echogenicity with possibility of mimicking benign lesions with similar characteristics. Magnetic resonance imaging shows no pathognomonic signs for MDA. Subsequently, a review of literature was conducted and main factors affecting the prognosis of MDA considering diagnostic tools, clinical stage, histopathological results and surgical protocols were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma represents one of rare cervical adenocarcinomas without HPV-association. While it is crucial to differentiate benign from malignant lesions in this subtype, imaging characteristics often overlap and may not provide a specific diagnosis. Therefore, it should be considered in suspicious multicystic cervical lesions and inconclusive PAP-smear. Definitive diagnosis of this subtype should be based on cervical biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stoehr
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Nann
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annette Staebler
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ernst Oberlechner
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Y Brucker
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Bachmann
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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13
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Omori M, Kondo T, Tagaya H, Watanabe Y, Fukasawa H, Kawai M, Nakazawa K, Hashi A, Hirata S. Utility of imaging modalities for predicting carcinogenesis in lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221088. [PMID: 31415639 PMCID: PMC6695122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the use of imaging methods for predicting carcinogenesis in lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH). Methods We retrospectively analyzed preoperative images on transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 23 cases with histologically diagnosed LEGH. Results Shape of cervical multicystic lesions on MR images could be divided into two types the flower-type with many small cysts surrounded by larger cysts, and the raspberry-type with many tiny, closely aggregated cysts. Six (46%) of 13 cases had raspberry-type lesions that were not detected on transvaginal sonography but were seen on MRI. Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) was identified in 4 postmenopausal women with raspberry-type lesions during the follow-up periods. In these cases, cytologic examination by targeted endocervical sampling using sonography enabled early detection of AIS. Conclusions MRI and cytologic examination by targeted endocervical sampling may be very useful for predicting carcinogenesis in LEGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Omori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tagaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yumika Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fukasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masataka Kawai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Nakazawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shuji Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Morphologic Features of Gastric-type Cervical Adenocarcinoma in Small Surgical and Cytology Specimens. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019; 38:263-275. [PMID: 29750702 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric-type cervical adenocarcinoma (GCA) is a human papillomavirus-unassociated, aggressive, chemorefractory tumor. Well-differentiated examples may exhibit bland morphologic appearances, which could potentially lead to misdiagnosis, particularly in limited material. We sought to characterize the morphologic features of GCA in surgical biopsy and cytology specimens. We identified patients with histologic diagnoses of GCA or minimal-deviation adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2017. Available slides from biopsy, curettage, and cytology specimens were reviewed. Fifty-nine specimens (37 histology, 22 cytology) were reviewed from 23 patients, including histology specimens alone from 6 patients, cytology specimens alone from 4 patients, and both types of specimen from 13 patients. The median patient age was 52 yr (range, 29-83 yr). Biopsies showed well-to-moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas composed of cells with pale or foamy cytoplasm and well-defined cytoplasmic borders. Nuclei exhibited mild-to-moderate pleomorphism with small nucleoli. The diagnosis was challenging in a minority of biopsies in which neoplastic glandular epithelium was scant, fragmented, and/or well differentiated. Cytology slides showed single and crowded clusters of tumor cells with pale, foamy, and/or vacuolated cytoplasm and well-defined cytoplasmic borders. Nuclei were moderately pleomorphic, round to oval with one or more nucleoli. Of 20 submitted biopsies, GCA was suspected by the submitting pathologist in only 5 (25%) cases. Awareness of the morphologic features and use of confirmatory ancillary studies (eg, immunohistochemistry for markers of gastric differentiation and human papillomavirus testing) will allow accurate diagnosis of these aggressive tumors in biopsy and cytology specimens.
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Lu S, Shen D, Zhao Y, Kang N, Wang X. Primary endocervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 23 cases. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:72. [PMID: 31279344 PMCID: PMC6612122 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endocervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma (GAS) is a rare non-human papillomavirus-associated adenocarcinoma (NHPVA) with morphologic and immunohistochemical features of gastric differentiation. This study aimed to evaluate cytologic and clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis of endocervical GAS. Methods A total of 23 patients diagnosed with endocervical GAS/minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) at Peking University People’s Hospital between 2009 and 2018 were included. Clinical characteristics, cytologic/histopathologic findings, and immunohistochemical results were collected and analyzed. Results The average age of patients was 51 years old (range from 28 to 73). Cytologically, tall columnar epithelial cells with pale, foamy or vacuolated cytoplasm were mostly common, followed by well-defined cytoplasmic borders. Fourteen endocervical GAS cases demonstrated mild cytologic atypia, and 9 cases showed moderate to marked cytologic atypia. Ovarian and fallopian tube involvement were identified in 5 and 6 cases, respectively. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were diffusely positive for CK7, MUC6 and CA-IX, but focally positive for CK20 and CDX2. P16 was negative or patchy positive in most cases and p53 mutation was identified in 12 cases (12/21, 57.1%). Conclusions Endocervical GAS shows different morphologic and immunological features from endocervical usual type adenocarcinoma, but it may be difficult to be differentiated from metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma to cervix due to similar morphology and overlapping immunohistochemical profile. Therefore, awareness of the morphologic features and immunohistochemical profile of GAS will allow pathologists to recognize and accurately diagnose this rare and aggressive entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Danhua Shen
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Nan Kang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
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Niu S, Molberg K, Thibodeaux J, Rivera-Colon G, Hinson S, Zheng W, Lucas E. Challenges in the Pap diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2019; 8:141-148. [PMID: 31097290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recognition of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) in cervical cytology is challenging. MATERIALS AND METHODS We calculated the sensitivity and accuracy of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests obtained within 1 year of a histologic diagnosis of AIS from 2007 to 2016. We also correlated it with the coexistence of squamous lesions, calculated the interobserver agreement, and compared these measures with those of endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECCA). We correlated AIS detection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) status. RESULTS Of 72 patients with histologic AIS and 48 patients with ECCA, 92% and 87.5%, respectively, had abnormal Pap test results. A glandular abnormality was detected in 44.4% of the AIS and 77.1% of the ECCA cases. Complete cytohistologic concordance was reached in 8.3% of AIS and 22.9% of ECCA cases. In addition, 27.8% of AIS and 6.3% of ECCA cases were diagnosed on Pap as a high-risk squamous abnormality. Concurrent squamous lesions were present in 79.2% of patients with AIS and 29.2% of patients with ECCA. The Paps from the AIS and ECCA cases were diagnosed as pure squamous abnormalities in 47.2% and 10.4% of cases, respectively. In the AIS cases, interobserver agreement was substantial for detection of any high-risk cytologic abnormality (kappa = 0.67) and fair for detection of any glandular abnormality (kappa = 0.34). Among the 26 patients with AIS tested for hrHPV, 92% had positive results and 8% had negative results. CONCLUSIONS The cytologic sensitivity for the detection of AIS remains low. It is directly related to the coexistence of squamous lesions. Cytology and hrHPV as stand-alone screening tests fail in the early detection of a small proportion of glandular lesions, although combined testing will improve their detection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Niu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kyle Molberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joel Thibodeaux
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Glorimar Rivera-Colon
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stacy Hinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elena Lucas
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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Kimura F, Kobayashi T, Kanai R, Kobayashi Y, Yuhi O, Ota H, Yamaguchi M, Yokokawa Y, Uehara T, Ishii K. Image quantification technology of the heterochromatin and euchromatin region for differential diagnosis in the lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 47:553-563. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.24155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Kimura
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health SciencesShinshu University
| | - Takaki Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health SciencesShinshu University
| | - Ryo Kanai
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health SciencesShinshu University
| | | | - Ohtani Yuhi
- Department of Information Processing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health SciencesShinshu University
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Information Processing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Yoshiharu Yokokawa
- Division of Physical TherapyShinshu University School of Health Sciences
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Division of Diagnostic PathologyOkaya City Hospital
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18
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Yadav G, Rao M, Gothwal M, Singh P. Adenoma Malignum Diagnosed Postoperatively in a Case of Fibroid Uterus: Case Report with Review of Literature. J Midlife Health 2019; 9:219-221. [PMID: 30692821 PMCID: PMC6332719 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_102_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
“Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma” of the uterine cervix (MDA), historically known as Adenoma Malignum, is a rare variant of cervical adenocarcinoma. Both the clinicians and pathologists must be vigilant about this entity as it could be mistaken for a benign pathology both clinically and microscopically, which can prove disastrous to the patient as these tumors behave like adenocarcinomas We hereby report an incidentally detected case of AM which was diagnosed in a post-menopausal female postoperatively. We discuss the intraoperative complications, histopathological diagnosis, post-operative management and follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Yadav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meenakshi Gothwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Omori M, Kondo T, Nakazawa K, Tagaya H, Ohgi M, Fukasawa H, Nakazawa T, Hashi A, Hirata S. Interpretation of Endocervical Cells With Gastric-Type Mucin on Pap Smears. Am J Clin Pathol 2018; 150:259-266. [PMID: 29982289 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early detection of endocervical adenocarcinoma is especially important for cancers that are human papillomavirus (HPV) negative. We investigated the clinicopathologic significance of yellow gastric-type mucin observed on Papanicolaou smears. METHODS We described "atypical endocervical cells with gastric-type mucin" (AEC-GAM) when yellow mucin was observed in endocervical cells. We retrieved AEC-GAM samples from 58,752 cervical smears performed at Yamanashi University Hospital during our study period and reviewed clinical, cytologic, and pathologic features. RESULTS We detected AEC-GAM in 172 (0.29 %) smears from 65 patients, and 41 of these 65 patients were histologically diagnosed with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) (43%) or pyloric gland metaplasia (20%). The prevalence of adenocarcinoma was 25% (7/28) in LEGH cases and 11% (7/65) in AEC-GAM smears. CONCLUSIONS Yellow mucin is a diagnostic clue for endocervical glandular lesions with gastric differentiation. We recommend describing AEC-GAM on cytologic reports to improve cytologic screening for HPV-negative cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Omori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Nakazawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tagaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Maki Ohgi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fukasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tadao Nakazawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shuji Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Omori M, Kondo T, Nakazawa K, Shinohara S, Watanabe Y, Fukasawa H, Nakazawa T, Hashi A, Hirata S. A case of endocervical minimal deviation adenocarcinoma with varicolored cytopathologic features on Pap smear. Diagn Cytopathol 2018; 46:702-706. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Omori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Yamanashi; Yamanashi Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology; University of Yamanashi; Yamanashi Japan
| | - Kumiko Nakazawa
- Department of Pathology; University of Yamanashi; Yamanashi Japan
| | - Satoshi Shinohara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Yamanashi; Yamanashi Japan
| | - Yumika Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Yamanashi; Yamanashi Japan
| | - Hiroko Fukasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Yamanashi; Yamanashi Japan
| | - Tadao Nakazawa
- Department of Pathology; University of Yamanashi; Yamanashi Japan
| | - Akihiko Hashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Yamanashi; Yamanashi Japan
| | - Shuji Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Yamanashi; Yamanashi Japan
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21
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Talia KL, McCluggage WG. The developing spectrum of gastric-type cervical glandular lesions. Pathology 2018; 50:122-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Okuyama R, Hashimoto H, Miura T, Sugita M, Arai M, Tsunoda H, Sasajima Y, Horiuchi H. Two cases of adenocarcinoma in situ arising in lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia indicating localization of mucin on the cluster surface as an early cytological finding of malignant transformation. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45:842-847. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikiya Okuyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; NTT Medical Center Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Tamaki Miura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; NTT Medical Center Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masatoshi Sugita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; NTT Medical Center Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masakazu Arai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; NTT Medical Center Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hajime Tsunoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; NTT Medical Center Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuko Sasajima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; NTT Medical Center Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Teikyo University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hajime Horiuchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; NTT Medical Center Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; NTT Medical Center Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Ando H, Miyamoto T, Kashima H, Takatsu A, Ishii K, Fujinaga Y, Shiozawa T. Usefulness of a management protocol for patients with cervical multicystic lesions: A retrospective analysis of 94 cases and the significance of GNAS mutation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:1588-1598. [PMID: 27718288 PMCID: PMC5108490 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim The proper preoperative diagnosis and management of cervical proliferative disorders presenting with multiple cysts, including minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA), lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH), and nabothian cyst (NC), have not been fully established. We previously proposed a management protocol comprising a diagnostic approach using cytology, magnetic resonance imaging, and gastric‐type mucin and subsequent treatment. We herein evaluate the usefulness of this protocol and implications of GNAS mutations in LEGH. Methods The clinical courses of 94 patients with cervical multicystic lesions who visited our hospital between June 1995 and September 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. GNAS mutations were investigated in 10 LEGH, five LEGH with atypia, and two MDA cases. Results Of the 94 patients, the conditions of 10, 59, and 25 were clinically diagnosed as suspicious of MDA or carcinoma (S/O MDA‐Ca), suspicious of LEGH (S/O LEGH), and NC, respectively. Ten patients each with S/O MDA‐Ca and S/O LEGH underwent hysterectomy, and the correct ratio for diagnosis was 90% (18/20). Of the 42 S/O LEGH cases followed‐up for more than 12 months, three showed an increase in tumor size. After hysterectomy, two were LEGH with atypia while one was NC. The GNAS mutation was detected in two cases of LEGH with atypia, one of which showed an increase in tumor size during follow‐up. Conclusion The management protocol we propose herein will be useful. An increase in tumor size is important to detect potentially malignant LEGH. GNAS mutations may be involved in the tumorigenesis of potentially malignant LEGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ando
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Kashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Takatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Okaya City Hospital, Okaya, Japan
| | - Yasunari Fujinaga
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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24
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Gastric-type adenocarcinoma in situ of uterine cervix: cytological and histopathological features of two cases. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:351-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Hissong E, Yoxtheimer LM, Pacecca A, Hoda RS. Cytology of minimal deviation endocervical adenocarcinoma (adenoma malignum) on a ThinPrep Pap test. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 44:552-5. [PMID: 26991477 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hissong
- Papanicolaou Cytology Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Adam Pacecca
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York
| | - Rana S Hoda
- Papanicolaou Cytology Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Chen YP, Ho SP, Liou WS, Chen CJ. Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 54:447-9. [PMID: 26384069 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Po Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Szu-Pei Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Shiung Liou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Jung Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
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Nishii Y, Fukuda T, Imai K, Yamauchi M, Hashiguchi Y, Ichimura T, Yasui T, Sumi T. Minimal deviation mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix that proved difficult to differentiate from endometrial cancer: A case report. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2481-2484. [PMID: 25364411 PMCID: PMC4214510 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA), also known as adenoma malignum of the uterine cervix, accounts for only ~1% of uterine cervical adenocarcinomas. Adenoma malignum of the uterine cervix was initially described by Gusserow in 1870. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MDA appears as multilocular lesions with solid components that extend from the endocervical glands to the deep cervical stroma. Cytological evaluation and biopsies have low detection rates, therefore, it is difficult to diagnose MDA accurately prior to treatment. The current study describes a rare case of MDA that was difficult to differentiate from endometrial adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri preoperatively, as the endometrial biopsy results suggested a well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma and MRI did not show typical images for MDA. A total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed under the diagnosis of endometrial cancer, and the mass was subsequently diagnosed as MDA of the uterine cervix by pathological examination of the hysterectomy specimen. Postoperatively, although two types of adjuvant chemotherapy were performed, the remaining tumor continued to grow, causing obstruction of the bilateral ureters and leading to bilateral hydronephrosis. The patient is currently alive with the disease 10 months following the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nishii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasunori Hashiguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ichimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Yasui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Khalbuss WE, Pantanowitz L, Monaco SE. Cytomorphology of unusual primary tumors in the Pap test. Cytojournal 2013; 10:17. [PMID: 24082913 PMCID: PMC3779403 DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.117356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare entities in the Pap test, which include neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions, pose challenges due to the infrequent occurrence of many of these entities in the daily practice of cytology. Furthermore, these conditions give rise to important diagnostic pitfalls to be aware of in the Pap test. For example, cases with adenoma malignum (AM) have been called benign. Recognition of these conditions can help correctly interpret Pap tests as abnormal and thereby ensure that patients get appropriately diagnosed. In this paper, we illustrate and discuss selected uncommon primary neoplastic lesions of the cervix and the vagina that may be seen in Pap test, with a focus on cytomorphology, differential diagnosis and the role of possible ancillary studies. These cases include high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cells with small cell morphology; small cell carcinoma; large neuroendocrine carcinoma; glassy cell carcinoma; AM; malignant mixed Müllerian tumor; clear cell carcinoma and primary malignant melanoma. Recognition of these rare variants/neoplasms is important so that involved Pap tests are not diagnosed as benign and that patients with these conditions get additional follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid E. Khalbuss
- Address: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Address: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sara E. Monaco
- Address: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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29
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Ki EY, Byun SW, Park JS, Lee SJ, Hur SY. Adenoma malignum of the uterine cervix: report of four cases. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:168. [PMID: 23885647 PMCID: PMC3733704 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoma malignum (AM) of the cervix is a rare disease and it is difficult to diagnose due to the deceptively benign appearance of the tumor cells. These lesions have mucin-rich cystic lesions and are usually situated deep in the cervix. Since AM is very rare, standard screening tests, diagnostic tools and treatments have not yet been established. Radiologically, it mimics multiple nabothian cysts as a benign-looking tumor. Histologically, AM is a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and could be misdiagnosed as a benign lesion. These findings make a preoperative diagnosis of AM difficult and can result in surgery being performed based on a misdiagnosis. We report here on four cases of pathologically confirmed AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Ki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu 137-140, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Li G, Jiang W, Gui S, Xu C. Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2010; 110:89-92. [PMID: 20451906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise preoperative diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) of the uterine cervix is often difficult because the histological features of MDA closely resemble those of normal cervical glands. OBJECTIVE To review the developments in the diagnosis and treatment of MDA over the past 35 years. SEARCH STRATEGY We performed a meta-analysis of all case reports published in the English and Chinese languages between 1975 and 2009 that included a histopathologic diagnosis of MDA. Pooled odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated for comparisons and analyzed. RESULTS The histopathologic diagnosis of MDA remains difficult and is currently based on antigen detection by immunohistochemistry. Cytologic assessment and routine biopsy have low detection rates for MDA. Cross-sectional imaging techniques are helpful but a deep cervical biopsy or cervical conization is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. The mean survival is about 5 years for patients with stage I, 38.1 months for patients with stage II, 22.8 months for patients with stage III, and 5.4 months for patients with stage IV MDA. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving prognosis and survival in patients with MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Glandular neoplasms of the cervix. Diagn Cytopathol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-3154-0.00024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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33
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Clinicopathological significance of cervical adenocarcinoma associated with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. Pathol Res Pract 2009; 205:331-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 11/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Hashi A, Yuminamochi T, Xu JY, Kondo T, Katoh R, Hoshi K. Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusion is a significant diagnostic feature for the differentiation of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia from minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Diagn Cytopathol 2008; 36:535-44. [PMID: 18618730 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) is a cervical lesion with pyloric gland metaplasia. Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) is an extremely well differentiated form of endocervical adenocarcinoma (AC). To date, it is difficult to differentiate LEGH from MDA because they share similar clinical, radiological, and immunohistochemical features. Furthermore, the cytological features of LEGH and MDA have not been well defined. In the present study, we describe the cytological features of LEGH and MDA. We reviewed 24 cases of LEGH (18 pure and six mixed forms) and four MDA cases of the cervix. A total of 40 cytologic smears from 28 patients were reviewed. Abundant yellow mucin was frequently present in both LEGH and MDA; however, an INCI was found in 22 of the 24 LEGH cases and it was not found in either MDA or adenocarcinoma cells associated with LEGH. Neither cell atypia nor architectural distortion was observed in LEGH. In MDA, slight cellular atypia, three dimensional, irregular cell clustering, and prominent nucleoli were observed. The presence of an INCI is a good parameter for the diagnosis of LEGH. Cytology is an effective aid in the differentiation of LEGH from MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan.
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35
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Polypoid endocervical adenomyoma of the uterus: A case report with MR imaging and pathological analyses. Radiography (Lond) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Ota S, Ushijima K, Nishio S, Fujiyoshi N, Takemoto S, Terada A, Kamura T. Polypoid endocervical adenomyoma: A case report with clinicopathologic analyses. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2007; 33:363-7. [PMID: 17578368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2007.00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A case of polypoid endocervical adenomyoma (PEA) in the uterine cervix was encountered in the uterine cervix of a 56-year-old woman. Grossly, a well-circumscribed polypoid tumor was observed protruding from the uterine cervix. Based on the findings of imaging studies, it was assumed to be an adenoma malignum in the uterine cervix. The tumor was composed of a mixture of proliferating glands of endocervical type and fascicles of smooth muscle. No distinct nuclear anaplasia, architectural abnormality or any evidence of destructive stromal invasion was observed. Adenoma malignum, which shows a gastric phenotype with immunoreactivity for HIK-1083, was a serious diagnostic possibility. In the present case, the tumor was a well-circumscribed polypoid lesion, with no cytologic or architectural abnormality; however, focal immunoreactivity was shown for HIK-1083, which thus suggested it to be PEA. Therefore, the results of these ancillary diagnostic modalities should be interpreted with caution and combined with the gross and light microscopy findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Ota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
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37
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Kojima A, Mikami Y, Sudo T, Yamaguchi S, Kusanagi Y, Ito M, Nishimura R. Gastric morphology and immunophenotype predict poor outcome in mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31:664-72. [PMID: 17460448 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000213434.91868.b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endocervical-type mucinous adenocarcinoma (ECA) of the uterine cervix is defined as a tumor composed of cells resembling those of the endocervical glands, but recent studies have demonstrated that a minority of ECAs displays a gastric immunophenotype. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of the gastric phenotype. Fifty-three cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (37 FIGO stage IB, 4 stage IIA, and 12 stage IIB) were reviewed and reevaluated using a newly established morphologic criteria for distinguishing gastric type adenocarcinoma, which was defined as a tumor showing clear and/or pale eosinophilic and voluminous cytoplasm, with distinct cell borders. The results were correlated with gastric immunophenotype, determined by HIK1083 and MUC6 immunostaining, and patient outcome. Following the current World Health Organization scheme (2003), 47 tumors (89%) were classified as ECA, 1 (2%) as intestinal type, 1 (2%) as mixed endocervical and intestinal type, and 4 (8%) as minimal deviation adenocarcinoma. Twelve of 47 (26%) ECAs and all 4 minimal deviation adenocarcinomas, reclassified as gastric type using the novel criteria, were frequently positive for HIK1083 with a rate of 75% (12/16), whereas only 11% (4/37) of nongastric tumors were positive. There was no significant difference in MUC6 reactivity between gastric and nongastric type tumors (31%, 5/16 vs. 16%, 6/37; P=0.4). Patients with gastric-type adenocarcinomas had a significantly decreased 5-year disease-specific survival rate (30 vs. 77%; P<0.0001), and the gastric type morphology was related to a significant risk for disease recurrence compared with the nongastric type (P=0.001; HR, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-14.2). HIK1083-positivity was also related to decreased 5-year disease-specific survival rate (38% vs. 74%; P<0.005). Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix with gastric immunophenotype can be a distinct morphologic variant showing an aggressive clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Kojima
- Division of Clinical Research, Hyogo Medical Center for Adults, Akashi, Japan
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38
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Sakurai T, Sakashita H, Honjo G, Kasyu I, Manabe T. Gastric foveolar metaplasia with dysplastic changes in Brunner gland hyperplasia: possible precursor lesions for Brunner gland adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2006; 29:1442-8. [PMID: 16224210 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000180449.15827.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cases of adenocarcinomas developed in Brunner gland hyperplasia (BGH) have been sporadically reported. Herein, we report the morphologic spectrum of hyperplastic changes culminating into dysplasia and carcinoma in 722 cases of BGH listed in our files. Fifteen of these cases showed dysplastic changes, with 8 graded as low-grade dysplasia, 5 as high-grade dysplasia, 11 as atypical hyperplasia, and 2 as invasive carcinoma, although each frequently coexisted in the same tumor. In two carcinomas, one had high-grade dysplasia in the mucosa, and another had only atypical hyperplasia. Interestingly, hyperplastic glands around dysplastic foci were associated with gastric foveolar metaplasia and papillary configuration in 13 cases, 11 of which showed a gradual increase in nuclear atypism in the transition from metaplastic to dysplastic glands. All of the metaplastic gastric glands showed diffuse and strong immunopositivity for gastric foveolar mucin (MUC5AC). Immunohistochemical profiles also supported the concept of a continuous spectrum in carcinogenesis from gastric foveolar hyperplasia through atypical hyperplasia or dysplasia and eventually to frank adenocarcinoma. The results of our study suggest, therefore, that dysplastic and/or carcinomatous change does occur in BGH, that they form the continuous morphologic spectrum, and that papillary foveolar metaplasia may be a precursor lesion in the process of carcinogenesis with a background of BGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Sakurai
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
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39
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Kondo T, Hashi A, Murata SI, Nakazawa T, Yuminamochi T, Nara M, Hoshi K, Katoh R. Endocervical adenocarcinomas associated with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia: a report of four cases with histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. Mod Pathol 2005; 18:1199-210. [PMID: 15761489 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report on four cases of endocervical adenocarcinoma associated with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia using histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. The patients ranged in age from 59 to 67 years (mean 62 years). Chief complaints were watery vaginal discharge in two cases, genital bleeding in one and no subjective symptoms in one. Cytological examinations of the cervical smears revealed adenocarcinoma cells and benign-looking glandular cells with intracytoplasmic golden-yellow mucin in all cases. Radical hysterectomy was performed in three patients, and simple total hysterectomy was performed in one. From surgical specimens, three tumors were diagnosed as mucinous adenocarcinoma and one was adenocarcinoma in situ. All adenocarcinomas were located proximally on the cervix, and did not involve the transformation zone. Adjacent to carcinoma tissues in the cervix, lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia was detected. The cells of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia were dominantly positive with neutral mucin, and immunohistochemistry revealed that these cells had prominent pyloric gland mucin (HIK1083). Focal immunopositivity for pyloric mucin was also observed in three adenocarcinomas. Either CEA or p53 were immunopositive in all adenocarcinomas and negative in the tissues of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. Histopathological features of the present cases suggest that some endocervical adenocarcinomas may originate from lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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40
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Mikami Y, Kiyokawa T, Hata S, Fujiwara K, Moriya T, Sasano H, Manabe T, Akahira JI, Ito K, Tase T, Yaegashi N, Sato I, Tateno H, Naganuma H. Gastrointestinal immunophenotype in adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix and related glandular lesions: a possible link between lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia/pyloric gland metaplasia and 'adenoma malignum'. Mod Pathol 2004; 17:962-72. [PMID: 15143335 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal phenotype in cervical adenocarcinomas was examined by immunohistochemistry and correlated with morphologic features. Antibody panels included anti-MUC2, MUC6, CD10, chromogranin A (CGA) and HIK1083. In addition, expression of p16INK4, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor which is expressed in a variety of high-risk HPV-related conditions, was studied. A total of 94 invasive adenocarcinomas including 20 minimal deviation adenocarcinomas (MDAs) and 72 adenocarcinomas in situ (AIS) were examined. MDAs were most frequently positive for HIK1083 and/or MUC6, two representative gastric markers, with a rate of 95%, followed by intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (IAs) with a rate of 85% whereas only 27% of 56 usual endocervical-type adenocarcinomas (UEAs) were positive. MUC2, a goblet cell marker, was positive in 85% and 25% of IAs and MDAs, respectively, while in only 14% of UEAs. CD10 was positive in 15% of IAs, indicating incomplete intestinal differentiation without a brush border in most of the cases. CGA-positive cells were frequently seen in MDAs and IAs with rates of 60% and 62%, respectively. Nuclear and cytoplasmic p16INK4 positivity was identified in 93% of UEAs, whereas 30% of MDAs were positive for p16INK4. Results in AISs were comparable to their invasive counterparts, but morphologically usual-type AISs identified in eight cases of MDA were frequently positive for HIK1083 (75%) and MUC6 (63%), and p16INK4. Of note was the existence of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) with atypical features including cytologic abnormalities, and/or papillary projection, which were identified in this study in pure form (n=3) or in association with MDAs (n=6), but not in cases of other types of adenocarcinomas. These observations indicate that gastrointestinal phenotype is frequently expressed in MDAs and IAs, and there seems to be a possible link between MDA, and LEGH and morphologically usual-type AIS with gastric immunophenotype in histogenesis. Frequent absence of p16INK4 expression in MDAs suggests a possibility that high-risk HPV does not play a crucial role in development of MDAs, in contrast to the majority of endocervical adenocarcinomas. p16INK4 immunohistochemistry appears to be a promising diagnostic tool, but pathologists should be aware of frequent negative staining in MDAs, which can be a source of erroneous diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medical Science, Sendai, Japan.
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Renshaw AA, Mody DR, Lozano RL, Volk EE, Walsh MK, Davey DD, Birdsong GG. Detection of Adenocarcinoma In Situ of the Cervix in Papanicolaou Tests: Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy With Other High-Grade Lesions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004; 128:153-7. [PMID: 14736290 DOI: 10.5858/2004-128-153-doaiso] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context.—Adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix is a recently recognized interpretation in the Bethesda 2001 system. Although specific morphologic criteria have been published, recognizing this entity is still difficult.
Objective.—To compare pathologists' ability to correctly identify and categorize adenocarcinoma in situ with their ability to identify and categorize adenocarcinoma, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and squamous cell carcinoma.
Design.—Pathologists' reviews in the 2001 and 2002 College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology Program, an interlaboratory comparison program for gynecologic cytology, were examined. Cases were usually reviewed by multiple pathologists. False-negative rates, the percentage of reviews with exact agreement with reference interpretations, and the percentage of cases in which all reviews were in exact agreement with the reference interpretation for adenocarcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and squamous cell carcinoma were compared.
Results.—A total of 213 reviews of cases categorized as adenocarcinoma in situ were compared with 2821 reviews of adenocarcinoma, 7535 reviews of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 1886 reviews of squamous cell carcinoma. The false-negative rate for adenocarcinoma in situ (11.7%) was significantly higher than that for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (4.6%, P < .001) and squamous cell carcinoma (3.3%, P < .001) but not for adenocarcinoma (8.9%, P = .16). Of all the reviews of adenocarcinoma in situ cases, 46.5% were interpreted specifically as adenocarcinoma in situ, compared to 72.2% of reviews of adenocarcinoma, 73.2% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 75.1% of squamous cell carcinoma. No individual case of adenocarcinoma in situ was always specifically recognized as adenocarcinoma in situ; 26.5% of cases of adenocarcinoma were specifically recognized as such in all reviews. Findings were similar with and without the inclusion of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion/carcinoma, not otherwise specified, as an acceptable review interpretation for cases of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.
Conclusion.—These data from expert-referenced and biopsy-proven cases suggest that adenocarcinoma in situ is not as easily recognized or categorized as other serious diagnoses.
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Nakajima K, Ota H, Zhang MX, Sano K, Honda T, Ishii K, Nakayama J. Expression of gastric gland mucous cell-type mucin in normal and neoplastic human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 2004; 51:1689-98. [PMID: 14623937 DOI: 10.1177/002215540305101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric gland mucous cells produce class III mucin, which is also found in Brunner's glands and mucous glands along the pancreaticobiliary tract, and in metaplasia and adenocarcinomas differentiating towards gastric mucosa. Recently, we showed that class III mucin possesses GlcNAcalpha1-->4Galbeta-->R, formed by alpha1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (alpha4GnT). Examining the tissue-specific expression of mucin epitopes is useful to clarify cell-lineage differentiation and to identify the site of origin of metastatic carcinomas in histological specimens. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from esophagus, stomach, colon, liver, pancreas, lung, kidney, prostate, breast, and salivary gland resected for carcinoma, as well as salivary gland adenoma, colon adenoma, and metastatic adenocarcinoma of lymph nodes from stomach, pancreas, colon, and breast, were immunostained for MUC6, alpha4GnT, and GlcNAcalpha1-->4Galbeta-->R. These were all expressed in normal, metaplastic, and adenocarcinoma tissues of stomach, pancreas, and bile duct, and in pulmonary mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. Cells expressing alpha4GnT uniformly expressed GlcNAcalpha1-->4Galbeta-->R. Only MUC6 was expressed in normal salivary glands, pancreas, seminal vesicles, renal tubules, and colon adenomas, and in normal tissue and adenocarcinomas of prostate and breast. No tissues showed immunoreactivity for alpha4GnT alone. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) profiles were similar for metastatic carcinomas and primary carcinoma tissues. The IHC profiles for MUC6, alpha4GnT, and GlcNAcalpha1-->4Galbeta-->R may be diagnostically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Nakajima
- Institute of Organ Transplants, Reconstructive Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Kuragaki C, Enomoto T, Ueno Y, Sun H, Fujita M, Nakashima R, Ueda Y, Wada H, Murata Y, Toki T, Konishi I, Fujii S. Mutations in the STK11 gene characterize minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. J Transl Med 2003; 83:35-45. [PMID: 12533684 DOI: 10.1097/01.lab.0000049821.16698.d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) is a well-differentiated variant of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and is found relatively infrequently in the general population. However, MDA is strongly associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a rare hereditary autosomal disorder characterized by benign hamartomatous polyposis in the gastrointestinal tract and mucocutaneous pigmentation. A serine threonine kinase gene, STK11, has been identified as the tumor suppressor gene responsible for the PJS. In this study we investigated the possible direct role of STK11 in the development of MDA of the uterine cervix. Eleven rare cases of mucinous MDA, not known to be associated with PJS, were screened for the presence of mutations in the STK11 gene by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified DNA fragments. Subsequently our findings were confirmed with cloning and sequencing. As a control, 24 cases of endocervical adenocarcinomas of other histologic subtypes, with no family history of PJS (19 mucinous adenocarcinomas, 4 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and 1 clear cell adenocarcinoma), 15 cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix, 5 cases of endocervical glands with pyloric gland metaplasia, and 2 deeply situated nabothian cysts were investigated. Somatic mutations of the STK11 gene were confirmed in 6 (55%) of the 11 mucinous MDAs and 1 (5%) of the 19 mucinous adenocarcinomas, but not in the 5 nonmucinous adenocarcinomas, the 15 squamous cell carcinomas, nor the 5 endocervical glands with gastric metaplasia. MDAs with the STK11 mutation had a significantly poorer prognosis than MDAs without the STK11 mutation (p = 0.039). A germline mutation of STK11 was detected in one PJS patient with mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. These results suggest that mutations in the STK11 gene may play an important role in the etiology of MDA of the uterine cervix and may distinguish this rare tumor from other common types of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kuragaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Hata S, Mikami Y, Manabe T. Diagnostic significance of endocervical glandular cells with "golden-yellow" mucin on pap smear. Diagn Cytopathol 2002; 27:80-4. [PMID: 12203873 DOI: 10.1002/dc.10140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocervical glandular cells rarely show "golden-yellow" mucin staining using the Papanicolaou technique, whereas the cells of adenoma malignum (minimal deviation adenocarcinoma) do. To further evaluate the significance of this finding, we reviewed the Pap smears of six cases in which atypical glandular cells containing golden-yellow mucin was identified. Microscopic examination of the hysterectomy specimens confirmed one case of adenoma malignum, whereas the other five cases were diagnosed as endocervical glandular hyperplasia with pyloric gland metaplasia. Glandular cells observed in all six cases were filled with golden-yellow mucin. In the case of adenoma malignum the nuclei were somewhat more enlarged and the chromatin texture was coarsely granular, although a distinction between adenoma malignum and the five benign lesions was difficult. Special staining performed on tissue sections in all cases demonstrated that the intracytoplasmic mucin of the glandular cells in portion of both pyloric gland metaplasia and adenoma malignum was predominantly PAS-positive and showed immunoreactivity for M-GGMC-1 (HIK1083), which reacts with pyloric gland mucin of the stomach. A review of 1,165 consecutive Pap smears failed to identify cells with golden-yellow mucin. These observations indicate that golden-yellow mucin on Papanicolaou smear seems to represent a gastric phenotype of endocervical glandular cells, which is a unique characteristic shared by adenoma malignum and pyloric gland metaplasia. This finding should therefore be regarded as a warning sign, raising the possibility of adenoma malignum and requiring prompt histopathologic assessment, although not of itself diagnostic of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakae Hata
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
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Gotoh T, Kikuchi Y, Takano M, Kita T, Ogata S, Aida S, Anzai M. An extremely rare case of adenoma malignum with large cystic tumor which resulted in urinary obstruction. Gynecol Oncol 2002; 84:339-43. [PMID: 11812098 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2001.6530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoma malignum is a rare variant of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma. In this report, we present an extremely rare case of adenoma malignum with large cystic lesions (diameter of more than 10 cm) which elicited urinary obstruction. CASE A 46-year-old Japanese woman, gravida 2, para 2, visited her local doctor for urinary obstruction, and 950 ml of urine was catheterized. Since abdominal ultrasonography suggested ovarian cystic tumor, she was referred to our hospital. Vaginal examination and ultrasonography revealed a child-head-sized multilocular cystic tumor in the Douglas pouch. Abnormal massive discharge was not observed at the time of admission. During preoperative examination, massive mucinous discharge suddenly occurred without pain. The cystic tumor size shrank from x10 cm to x4.0 cm in maximum diameter. Emergent abdominal hysterectomy was performed. The operative findings revealed collapsed cystic lesions in the posterior wall of the uterine cervix. Microscopically, the multiple cysts in the cervix were composed of high columnar and slightly atypical monolayer cells similar to endocervical mucinous cells. Vaginal invasion was also partly observed. Most of the tumor cells were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and HIK1083 in their cytoplasm, and scattered chromogranin A-positive endocrine cells were also found in tumor glands, corresponding to minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (adenoma malignum). These lesions were diagnosed as FIGO stage IIa. The patient is disease-free 2 years after primary surgery. CONCLUSION In the present report, we describe an extremely rare case of adenoma malignum with large cystic lesions reaching a diameter of 12 cm which resulted in urinary obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Gotoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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Ishii K, Kumagai T, Tozuka M, Ota H, Katsuyama T, Kurihara M, Shiozawa T, Noguchi H. A new diagnostic method for adenoma malignum and related lesions: latex agglutination test with a new monoclonal antibody, HIK1083. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 312:231-3. [PMID: 11706814 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ichimura T, Koizumi T, Tateiwa H, Yamaguchi S, Takemori M, Hasegawa K, Nishimura R. Immunohistochemical expression of gastric mucin and p53 in minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2001; 20:220-6. [PMID: 11444196 DOI: 10.1097/00004347-200107000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Comparative immunostaining with antibodies against gastric mucin and p53 was performed on 6 cases of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) of the uterine cervix. The MDAs consisted of predominant areas of glands lined by extremely well-differentiated tall columnar epithelial cells with little cytological atypia and minor foci of less well-differentiated glandular epithelium with a minor degree of nuclear atypia. Immunostaining for gastric mucin with a monoclonal antibody HIK1083 revealed that all the tumors areas of typical MDA were partly immunoreactive for HIK1083, but the coexisting less well-differentiated glands were essentially negative. Four MDAs focally contained cells with p53 positive nuclei that were located exclusively in the less well-differentiated cells that lacked gastric mucin. In the pelvic lymph nodes in 2 cases, most of the metastatic tumor was less differentiated and a positive reaction for HIK1083 was observed only in small foci of typical MDA. No significant overexpression of p53 was observed in the metastases. Immunohistochemical expression of gastric mucin and p53 may be related to the histological differentiation of MDA, and detection of p53 overexpression may help to identify critical steps in the local progression of MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ichimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo Medical Center for Adults, Akashi, Japan
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Ota H, Hayama M, Nakayama J, Hidaka H, Honda T, Ishii K, Fukushima M, Uehara T, Kurihara M, Ishihara K, Hotta K, Katsuyama T. Cell lineage specificity of newly raised monoclonal antibodies against gastric mucins in normal, metaplastic, and neoplastic human tissues and their application to pathology diagnosis. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 115:69-79. [PMID: 11190809 DOI: 10.1309/amur-k5l3-m2dn-2dk5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The specificity of monoclonal antibodies against gastric mucins (designated as HIK1083, PGM 36, and PGM 37) was studied immunohistochemically in normal, metaplastic, and neoplastic human tissues. These antibodies labeled class III mucin-producing cells identified by paradoxical concanavalin A staining in normal stomach, duodenum (Brunner gland), biliary tract, and main pancreatic duct; in mucinous metaplasia of pancreas and gallbladder; and in adenocarcinomas of stomach (90%), bile duct (80%), gallbladder (100%), pancreas (80%), lung (100% of goblet cell type adenocarcinomas), ovary (67% of mucinous carcinomas), and uterine cervix (100% of adenoma malignum tumors). Normal and neoplastic cells of esophagus, colon, salivary gland, kidney, endometrium, breast, prostate, and liver, as well as normal small intestine, lung, and uterine cervix, were all negative. The antibodies used should be valuable for the detection of class III mucin and class III mucin-producing cells in normal, metaplastic, and neoplastic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ota
- Central Clinical Laboratories, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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Ishii K, Ota H, Katsuyama T. Lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia represents pyloric gland metaplasia? Am J Surg Pathol 2000; 24:325; author reply 325-6. [PMID: 10680912 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200002000-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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