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Ubiquitinated gasdermin D mediates arsenic-induced pyroptosis and hepatic insulin resistance in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 160:112771. [PMID: 34920032 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As an environmental toxicant, arsenic exposure may cause insulin resistance (IR). Previous studies have shown that pyroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of IR. Although gasdermin D (GSDMD) functions as an executor of pyroptosis, the relationship between GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and hepatic IR remains unclear. Here, we observed that sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) activated NOD-like receptors containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, promoted GSDMD activation, induced pyroptosis and hepatic IR, while GSDMD knockdown attenuated pyroptosis and hepatic IR caused by NaAsO2. However, GSDMD interference did not affect NLRP3 activation. Ubiquitination modification is widely involved in protein regulation and intracellular signal transduction, and whether it regulates GSDMD and affects its degradation, and exerts effects on arsenic-induced pyroptosis remain unclear. We observed that NaAsO2 reduced the K48- and K63-linked ubiquitination of GSDMD, thereby inhibiting its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), causing GSDMD to accumulate and lyse into GSDMD-N, which promoted pyroptosis. In summary, we demonstrated that GSDMD participated in arsenic-induced hepatic IR. Moreover, NaAsO2 reduced GSDMD ubiquitination and decreased its intracellular degradation, aggravating pyroptosis and hepatic IR. We have revealed the molecular mechanism underpinning arsenic-induced IR, and we provide potential solutions for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
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Finnell RH, Caiaffa CD, Kim SE, Lei Y, Steele J, Cao X, Tukeman G, Lin YL, Cabrera RM, Wlodarczyk BJ. Gene Environment Interactions in the Etiology of Neural Tube Defects. Front Genet 2021; 12:659612. [PMID: 34040637 PMCID: PMC8143787 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.659612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human structural congenital malformations are the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States. Estimates from the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) determine that close to 3% of all United States newborns present with birth defects; the worldwide estimate approaches 6% of infants presenting with congenital anomalies. The scientific community has recognized for decades that the majority of birth defects have undetermined etiologies, although we propose that environmental agents interacting with inherited susceptibility genes are the major contributing factors. Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most prevalent human birth defects and as such, these malformations will be the primary focus of this review. NTDs result from failures in embryonic central nervous system development and are classified by their anatomical locations. Defects in the posterior portion of the neural tube are referred to as meningomyeloceles (spina bifida), while the more anterior defects are differentiated as anencephaly, encephalocele, or iniencephaly. Craniorachischisis involves a failure of the neural folds to elevate and thus disrupt the entire length of the neural tube. Worldwide NTDs have a prevalence of approximately 18.6 per 10,000 live births. It is widely believed that genetic factors are responsible for some 70% of NTDs, while the intrauterine environment tips the balance toward neurulation failure in at risk individuals. Despite aggressive educational campaigns to inform the public about folic acid supplementation and the benefits of providing mandatory folic acid food fortification in the United States, NTDs still affect up to 2,300 United States births annually and some 166,000 spina bifida patients currently live in the United States, more than half of whom are now adults. Within the context of this review, we will consider the role of maternal nutritional status (deficiency states involving B vitamins and one carbon analytes) and the potential modifiers of NTD risk beyond folic acid. There are several well-established human teratogens that contribute to the population burden of NTDs, including: industrial waste and pollutants [e.g., arsenic, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)], pharmaceuticals (e.g., anti-epileptic medications), and maternal hyperthermia during the first trimester. Animal models for these teratogens are described with attention focused on valproic acid (VPA; Depakote). Genetic interrogation of model systems involving VPA will be used as a model approach to discerning susceptibility factors that define the gene-environment interactions contributing to the etiology of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H. Finnell
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carlo Donato Caiaffa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Yunping Lei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John Steele
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gabriel Tukeman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ying Linda Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert M. Cabrera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bogdan J. Wlodarczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Ahmed RG, El-Gareib AW. Gestational Arsenic Trioxide Exposure Acts as a Developing Neuroendocrine-Disruptor by Downregulating Nrf2/PPARγ and Upregulating Caspase-3/NF-ĸB/Cox2/BAX/iNOS/ROS. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819858266. [PMID: 31258454 PMCID: PMC6589982 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819858266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of gestational administrations of arsenic trioxide (ATO; As2O3) on fetal neuroendocrine development (the thyroid-cerebrum axis). Pregnant Wistar rats were orally administered ATO (5 or 10 mg/kg) from gestation day (GD) 1 to 20. Both doses of ATO diminished free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine levels and augmented thyrotropin level in both dams and fetuses at GD 20. Also, the maternofetal hypothyroidism in both groups caused a dose-dependent reduction in the fetal serum growth hormone, insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-II levels at embryonic day (ED) 20. These disorders perturbed the maternofetal body weight, fetal brain weight, and survival of pregnant and their fetuses. In addition, destructive degeneration, vacuolation, hyperplasia, and edema were observed in the fetal thyroid and cerebrum of both ATO groups at ED 20. These disruptions appear to depend on intensification in the values of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and H2O2, suppression of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and activation of mRNA expression of caspase-3, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, cyclooxygenase-2, Bcl-2–associated X protein, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the fetal cerebrum. These data suggest that gestational ATO may disturb thyroid-cerebrum axis generating fetal neurodevelopmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Ahmed
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - A W El-Gareib
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
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R G A, El-Gareib AW. WITHDRAWN: Toxic effects of gestational arsenic trioxide on the neuroendocrine axis of developing rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018:S0278-6915(18)30663-X. [PMID: 30218683 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R G
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - A W El-Gareib
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
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Bonaventura MM, Bourguignon NS, Bizzozzero M, Rodriguez D, Ventura C, Cocca C, Libertun C, Lux-Lantos VA. Arsenite in drinking water produces glucose intolerance in pregnant rats and their female offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 100:207-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zubair M, Ahmad M, Qureshi ZI. Review on arsenic-induced toxicity in male reproductive system and its amelioration. Andrologia 2017; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zubair
- Department of Theriogenology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; University of Agriculture Faisalabad; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - M. Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; University of Agriculture Faisalabad; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Z. I. Qureshi
- Department of Theriogenology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; University of Agriculture Faisalabad; Faisalabad Pakistan
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Wang A, Holladay SD, Wolf DC, Ahmed SA, Robertson JL. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Arsenic in Rodents: A Review. Int J Toxicol 2016; 25:319-31. [PMID: 16940004 DOI: 10.1080/10915810600840776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a recognized reproductive toxicant in humans and induces malformations, especially neural tube defects, in laboratory animals. Early studies showed that murine malformations occurred only when a high dose of inorganic arsenic was given by intravenous or intraperitoneal injection in early gestation. Oral gavage of inorganic arsenic at maternally toxic doses caused reduced fetal body weight and increased resorptions. Recently, arsenic reproductive and developmental toxicity has been studied in situations more similar to human exposures and using broader endpoints, such as behavioral changes and gene expression. For the general population, exposure to arsenic is mostly oral, particularly via drinking water, repeated and prolonged over time. In mice and rats, methylated or inorganic arsenic via drinking water or by repeated oral gavage induced male and female reproductive and developmental toxicities. Furthermore, at nonmaternally toxic levels, inorganic arsenic given to pregnant dams via drinking water affected fetal brain development and postnatal behaviors. However, arsenic given by repeated oral gavage to pregnant mice and rats was not morphologically teratogenic. In this review of arsenic reproductive and developmental toxicity in rats and mice, the authors summarize recent in vivo studies and discuss possible underlying mechanisms. The influences of folate, selenium, zinc, and arsenic methylation on arsenic reproductive and developmental toxicity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
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Kim YJ, Kim JM. Arsenic Toxicity in Male Reproduction and Development. Dev Reprod 2015; 19:167-80. [PMID: 26973968 PMCID: PMC4786478 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2015.19.4.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that exists ubiquitously in the environment, and affects global health problems due to its carcinogenicity. In most populations, the main source of arsenic exposure is the drinking water. In drinking water, chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with increased risks of various cancers including those of skin, lung, bladder, and liver, as well as numerous other non-cancer diseases including gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurologic and cognitive problems. Recent emerging evidences suggest that arsenic exposure affects the reproductive and developmental toxicity. Prenatal exposure to inorganic arsenic causes adverse pregnancy outcomes and children's health problems. Some epidemiological studies have reported that arsenic exposure induces premature delivery, spontaneous abortion, and stillbirth. In animal studies, inorganic arsenic also causes fetal malformation, growth retardation, and fetal death. These toxic effects depend on dose, route and gestation periods of arsenic exposure. In males, inorganic arsenic causes reproductive dysfunctions including reductions of the testis weights, accessory sex organs weights, and epididymal sperm counts. In addition, inorganic arsenic exposure also induces alterations of spermatogenesis, reductions of testosterone and gonadotrophins, and disruptions of steroidogenesis. However, the reproductive and developmental problems following arsenic exposure are poorly understood, and the molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity remains unclear. Thus, we further investigated several possible mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jae Kim
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea
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Sengupta P, Banerjee R, Nath S, Das S, Banerjee S. Metals and female reproductive toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:679-97. [PMID: 25425549 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114559611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research into occupational exposure of metals and consequences of reproductive systems has made imperative scientific offerings in the preceding few decades. Early research works focused on possible effects on the reproductive functions rather than the complete reproductive health of the woman. Later, it was realized that metals, as reproductive toxins, may also induce hormonal changes affecting other facets of reproductive health such as the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and fertility. Concern is now shifting from considerations for the pregnant woman to the entire spectrum of occupational health threats and thus reproductive health among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta
| | - R Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Nath
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Sanders AP, Desrosiers TA, Warren JL, Herring AH, Enright D, Olshan AF, Meyer RE, Fry RC. Association between arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead levels in private wells and birth defects prevalence in North Carolina: a semi-ecologic study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:955. [PMID: 25224535 PMCID: PMC4190372 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxic metals including arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead are known human developmental toxicants that are able to cross the placental barrier from mother to fetus. In this population-based study, we assess the association between metal concentrations in private well water and birth defect prevalence in North Carolina. Methods A semi-ecologic study was conducted including 20,151 infants born between 2003 and 2008 with selected birth defects (cases) identified by the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program, and 668,381 non-malformed infants (controls). Maternal residences at delivery and over 10,000 well locations measured for metals by the North Carolina Division of Public Health were geocoded. The average level of each metal was calculated among wells sampled within North Carolina census tracts. Individual exposure was assigned as the average metal level of the census tract that contained the geocoded maternal residence. Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the association between the prevalence of birth defects in the highest category (≥90th percentile) of average census tract metal levels and compared to the lowest category (≤50th percentile). Results Statewide, private well metal levels exceeded the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) or secondary MCL for arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead in 2.4, 0.1, 20.5, and 3.1 percent of wells tested. Elevated manganese levels were statistically significantly associated with a higher prevalence of conotruncal heart defects (PR: 1.6 95% CI: 1.1-2.5). Conclusions These findings suggest an ecologic association between higher manganese concentrations in drinking water and the prevalence of conotruncal heart defects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-955) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Ahir BK, Sanders AP, Rager JE, Fry RC. Systems biology and birth defects prevention: blockade of the glucocorticoid receptor prevents arsenic-induced birth defects. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:332-8. [PMID: 23458687 PMCID: PMC3616967 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological mechanisms by which environmental metals are associated with birth defects are largely unknown. Systems biology-based approaches may help to identify key pathways that mediate metal-induced birth defects as well as potential targets for prevention. OBJECTIVES First, we applied a novel computational approach to identify a prioritized biological pathway that associates metals with birth defects. Second, in a laboratory setting, we sought to determine whether inhibition of the identified pathway prevents developmental defects. METHODS Seven environmental metals were selected for inclusion in the computational analysis: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and selenium. We used an in silico strategy to predict genes and pathways associated with both metal exposure and developmental defects. The most significant pathway was identified and tested using an in ovo whole chick embryo culture assay. We further evaluated the role of the pathway as a mediator of metal-induced toxicity using the in vitro midbrain micromass culture assay. RESULTS The glucocorticoid receptor pathway was computationally predicted to be a key mediator of multiple metal-induced birth defects. In the chick embryo model, structural malformations induced by inorganic arsenic (iAs) were prevented when signaling of the glucocorticoid receptor pathway was inhibited. Further, glucocorticoid receptor inhibition demonstrated partial to complete protection from both iAs- and cadmium-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a novel approach to computationally identify a targeted biological pathway for examining birth defects prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh K Ahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Woodruff TJ. Bridging epidemiology and model organisms to increase understanding of endocrine disrupting chemicals and human health effects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:108-17. [PMID: 21112393 PMCID: PMC6628916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Concerning temporal trends in human reproductive health has prompted concern about the role of environmentally mediated risk factors. The population is exposed to chemicals present in air, water, food and in a variety of consumer and personal care products, subsequently multiple chemicals are found human populations around the globe. Recent reviews find that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can adversely affect reproductive and developmental health. However, there are still many knowledge gaps. This paper reviews some of the key scientific concepts relevant to integrating information from human epidemiologic and model organisms to understand the relationship between EDC exposure and adverse human health effects. Additionally, areas of new insights which influence the interpretation of the science are briefly reviewed, including: enhanced understanding of toxicity pathways; importance of timing of exposure; contribution of multiple chemical exposures; and low dose effects. Two cases are presented, thyroid disrupting chemicals and anti-androgens chemicals, which illustrate how our knowledge of the relationship between EDCs and adverse human health effects is strengthened and data gaps reduced when we integrate findings from animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey J Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA 94612, United States.
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Akram Z, Jalali S, Shami SA, Ahmad L, Batool S, Kalsoom O. Adverse effects of arsenic exposure on uterine function and structure in female rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:451-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Martinez-Finley EJ, Ali AMS, Allan AM. Learning deficits in C57BL/6J mice following perinatal arsenic exposure: consequence of lower corticosterone receptor levels? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009; 94:271-7. [PMID: 19751756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on arsenic as a drinking water contaminant have focused on its carcinogenic potential but a few suggest that arsenic can adversely affect cognitive development. One parameter of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the corticosterone receptor (CR) has been shown to be altered by arsenic. These receptors are found throughout the central nervous system, particularly in the hippocampus, an area of the brain of central importance for learning and memory. We examined the impact of perinatal exposure to 50 parts per billion (ppb) sodium arsenate on CRs and learning and memory behavior in the C57BL/6J mouse. Measurements of CRs revealed that arsenic-exposed offspring have significantly lower levels of these receptors in the nucleus than controls. Exposed offspring showed longer latency to approach a novel object than controls in an object recognition task. In the 8-way radial arm maze, arsenic offspring had a significant increase in the number of entry errors compared to controls. Results suggest that moderate exposures to perinatal arsenic can significantly reduce CR levels in the hippocampus and can have adverse effects on learning and memory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebany J Martinez-Finley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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DeSesso JM, Watson RE, Keen CL, Hazelden KP, Haws LC, Li AA. Analysis and integration of developmental neurotoxicity and ancillary data into risk assessment: a case study of dimethoate. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:94-109. [PMID: 19034799 DOI: 10.1080/15287390802477452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate is an organophosphate (OP) pesticide used to control a wide variety of insects on agricultural crops and ornamentals. To ensure that dimethoate is used safely, it is important to determine exposure levels that protect against adverse effects at all life stages, including the developing fetus, infant, and child. Based on an analysis of a developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) study, a cholinesterase (ChE) sensitivity study, a cross-fostering study, and several single- and multigenerational reproductive toxicity studies, two potential critical endpoints for dimethoate were identified: brain ChE inhibition (ChEI) in adult females, and pup mortality. An initial evaluation concluded that pup mortality was a preferable endpoint, based on an increased number of pup deaths born to dams dosed with > or =3 mg/kg dimethoate via oral gavage. Closer examination, however, revealed that the pup deaths were clustered in a small number of litters in which the dams providing postnatal care exhibited maternal care deficits. When the data were analyzed using the dam as the unit of statistical significance, a significant increase in the average litter proportion of pup deaths was observed only when the dams were dosed postnatally with 6 mg/kg dimethoate while they were raising the pups. Gestational exposure (i.e., during pregnancy only) to 6 mg/kg dimethoate exerted no effect on pup survival. This leads to the conclusion that it is postnatal exposure of the nursing dams that is associated with pup mortality. Furthermore, a previous benchmark dose (BMD) meta-analysis approach revealed that BMDL(10) for adult females (the lower 95% bound of the dose resulting in a 10% reduction in the parameter of interest) for ChEI was > 3-fold lower than the BMDL(10) for pup mortality (0.19 and 0.68 mg/kg, respectively). Overall, this study underscores the importance of using the dam as the unit of statistical significance when assessing data collected in the perinatal period, and it is concluded that adult brain ChEI is the correct critical endpoint for assessing risk of dimethoate toxicity.
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Hill DS, Wlodarczyk BJ, Finnell RH. Reproductive consequences of oral arsenate exposure during pregnancy in a mouse model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 83:40-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Aggarwal M, Wangikar PB, Sarkar SN, Rao GS, Kumar D, Dwivedi P, Malik JK. Effects of low-level arsenic exposure on the developmental toxicity of anilofos in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2007; 27:255-61. [PMID: 17304642 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In view of the increased use of anilofos for crop protection and ever increasing arsenic levels in drinking water in many countries, the coexistence of arsenic and anilofos in the environment is a reality and simultaneous exposure of humans and animals to these contaminants could be potentially hazardous. The aim of the present study was to examine whether coexposure to arsenic at the groundwater contamination level could alter the embryofetal toxicity of anilofos in rat model. Anilofos (100 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) and sodium arsenite (1 mg arsenic kg(-1) day(-1)) were administered by gavage either individually or in combination to the pregnant rats from day 6 to day 15 of gestation. Arsenic did not produce any significant effects either on maternal or fetal parameters at the given dose. Anilofos alone significantly decreased maternal weight gain, feed and water intakes, gravid uterine weights, number of live fetuses and fetal body weights and increased resorptions. There were increased incidences of gross, skeletal and visceral anomalies in the fetuses of anilofos-treated group. The main skeletal abnormality was increased intercostal space, while the visceral anomaly was an interventricular septal defect. Treatment with the combination of arsenic and anilofos significantly enhanced the fetal changes with much greater magnitude compared with the effects produced by anilofos alone. Anomalies such as midfacial cleft, exencephaly and anophthalmia were seen only in the fetuses of the combination group. The results show that anilofos interferes with embryofetal development and coexposure with arsenic at environmentally realistic concentrations produces additive or synergistic effects on the developmental toxicity of anilofos in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Aggarwal
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, UP, India
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Devesa V, Adair BM, Liu J, Waalkes MP, Diwan BA, Styblo M, Thomas DJ. Arsenicals in maternal and fetal mouse tissues after gestational exposure to arsenite. Toxicology 2006; 224:147-55. [PMID: 16753250 PMCID: PMC2365744 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of pregnant C3H/HeNCR mice to 42.5- or 85-ppm of arsenic as sodium arsenite in drinking water between days 8 and 18 of gestation markedly increases tumor incidence in their offspring. In the work reported here, distribution of inorganic arsenic and its metabolites, methyl arsenic and dimethyl arsenic, were determined in maternal and fetal tissues collected on gestational day 18 of these exposure regimens. Tissues were collected from three females and from associated fetuses exposed to each dosage level. Concentrations of total speciated arsenic (sum of inorganic, methyl, and dimethyl arsenic) were higher in maternal tissues than in placenta and fetal tissues; total speciated arsenic concentration in placenta exceeded those in fetal tissues. Significant dosage-dependent (42.5 ppm versus 85 ppm of arsenite in drinking water) differences were found in total speciated arsenic concentrations in maternal lung (p<0.01) and liver (p<0.001). Total speciated arsenic concentrations did not differ significantly between dosage levels for maternal blood or for fetal lung, liver, and blood, or for placenta. Percentages of inorganic, methyl, or dimethyl arsenic in maternal or fetal tissues were not dosage-dependent. Over the range of total speciated arsenic concentrations in most maternal and fetal tissues, dimethyl arsenic was the most abundant arsenical. However, in maternal liver at the highest total speciated arsenic concentration, inorganic arsenic was the most abundant arsenical, suggesting that a high tissue burden of arsenic affected formation or retention of methylated species in this organ. Tissue concentration-dependent processes could affect kinetics of transfer of inorganic arsenic or its metabolites from mother to fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicenta Devesa
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Blakely M. Adair
- Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Michael P. Waalkes
- Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Bhalchandra A. Diwan
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Miroslav Styblo
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David J. Thomas
- Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Spiegelstein O, Gould A, Wlodarczyk B, Tsie M, Lu X, Le C, Troen A, Selhub J, Piedrahita JA, Salbaum JM, Kappen C, Melnyk S, James J, Finnell RH. Developmental consequences of in utero sodium arsenate exposure in mice with folate transport deficiencies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 203:18-26. [PMID: 15694460 PMCID: PMC3938173 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that mice lacking a functional folate binding protein 2 gene (Folbp2-/-) were significantly more sensitive to in utero arsenic exposure than were the wild-type mice similarly exposed. When these mice were fed a folate-deficient diet, the embryotoxic effect of arsenate was further exacerbated. Contrary to expectations, studies on 24-h urinary speciation of sodium arsenate did not demonstrate any significant difference in arsenic biotransformation between Folbp2-/- and Folbp2+/+ mice. To better understand the influence of folate pathway genes on arsenic embryotoxicity, the present investigation utilized transgenic mice with disrupted folate binding protein 1 (Folbp1) and reduced folate carrier (RFC) genes. Because complete inactivation of Folbp1 and RFC genes results in embryonic lethality, we used heterozygous animals. Overall, no RFC genotype-related differences in embryonic susceptibility to arsenic exposure were observed. Embryonic lethality and neural tube defect (NTD) frequency in Folbp1 mice was dose-dependent and differed from the RFC mice; however, no genotype-related differences were observed. The RFC heterozygotes tended to have higher plasma levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) than did the wild-type controls, although this effect was not robust. It is concluded that genetic modifications at the Folbp1 and RFC loci confers no particular sensitivity to arsenic toxicity compared to wild-type controls, thus disproving the working hypothesis that decreased methylating capacity of the genetically modified mice would put them at increased risk for arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Spiegelstein
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amy Gould
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- NIDCR T32 Fellow, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bogdan Wlodarczyk
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marlene Tsie
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiufen Lu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chris Le
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aron Troen
- Vitamin Metabolism and Neurocognitive Laboratories, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jacob Selhub
- Vitamin Metabolism and Neurocognitive Laboratories, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jorge A. Piedrahita
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - J. Michael Salbaum
- S.C. Johnson Medical Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Claudia Kappen
- S.C. Johnson Medical Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Stepan Melnyk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Jill James
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Environmental and Rural Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Corresponding author: Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030. Fax: +1 713 677 7790. (R.H. Finnell)
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20
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Morford LL, Henck JW, Breslin WJ, DeSesso JM. Hazard identification and predictability of children's health risk from animal data. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2004; 112:266-71. [PMID: 14754582 PMCID: PMC1241837 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Children differ from adults both physiologically and behaviorally. These differences can affect how and when exposures to xenobiotics occur and the resulting responses. Testing using animal models may be used to predict whether children display novel toxicities not observed in adults or whether children are more or less sensitive to known toxicities. Historically, evaluation of developmental toxicity has focused on gestational exposures and morphological changes resulting from this exposure. Functional consequences of gestational exposure and postnatal exposure have not been as well studied. Difficulties with postnatal toxicity evaluations include divergent differentiation of structure, function and physiology across species, lack of understanding of species differences in functional ontogeny, and lack of common end points and milestones across species.
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21
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Gornati R, Monetti C, Vigetti D, Bosisio S, Fortaner S, Sabbioni E, Bernardini G, Prati M. Arsenic toxicity and HSP70 expression in Xenopus laevis embryos. Altern Lab Anim 2002; 30:597-603. [PMID: 12513685 DOI: 10.1177/026119290203000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the effect of trace metals on health can be difficult, because of their presence in the environment in various chemical forms. Exposure to arsenic compounds is an example of this complexity, as it can be present in the environment in inorganic and organic forms. The effects of arsenic in vertebrates are complicated by several variables, such as speciation of the element, the exposure route, and the susceptibility of the particular animal species. The embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of three arsenic species - sodium arsenite (NaAsO(2)), disodium hydrogen arsenate (Na(2)HAsO(4)) and dimethylarsinic acid [(CH3)2AsOOH] - were evaluated by the modified frog embryo teratogenic assay on Xenopus (FETAX). We also show how the classical FETAX endpoints, based on morphological and morphometrical analysis, can conveniently be integrated with the study of molecular markers. Possible changes in the expression of the mRNA for the heat-shock protein HSP70, following exposure to NaAsO(2), were examined by using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. HSP70 mRNA is strongly induced by arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Università dell'Insubria, 3 Via Dunant, 21100 Varese, Italy
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22
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Wlodarczyk B, Spiegelstein O, Gelineau-van Waes J, Vorce RL, Lu X, Le CX, Finnell RH. Arsenic-induced congenital malformations in genetically susceptible folate binding protein-2 knockout mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 177:238-46. [PMID: 11749123 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known carcinogen, which has been suspected of being a human teratogen, although there is currently insufficient and inadequate supportive data to make any definitive judgments. In addition, the significance of individual genetic differences on pregnancy outcomes following in utero exposure to arsenic is currently unknown. In order to better understand the role of folate transport mechanisms in arsenic-induced neural tube defects, we examined the effect of in utero exposure to sodium arsenate in a genetically altered murine model in which the folate binding protein 2 (Folbp2) gene has been inactivated by homologous recombination. In utero sodium arsenate exposure induced exencephaly in 40.6% of Folbp2(-/-) embryos compared with 24.0% in control Folbp2(+/+) embryos. The differences in response frequencies were further exacerbated when the dams were fed a folate-deficient diet. Under these conditions, exencephaly was observed in 64.0% of Folbp2(-/-) embryos compared with 25.7% in control Folbp2(+/+) embryos. Analysis of arsenic metabolites excreted in the urine following sodium arsenate injection to Folbp2(-/-) and Folbp2(+/+) mice indicated that there were no significant differences in arsenic metabolism between the two groups. Thus, the increased susceptibility of Folbp2(-/-) mice to arsenate-induced teratogenicity may not be due to differences in biomethylation and exposure. In conclusion, the data suggest that impaired folate transport in the developing mouse embryo increases the risk for developmental defects following in utero exposure to sodium arsenate and that these differences are not due to differences in metabolism of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wlodarczyk
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic arsenic has been used by many laboratories to study the pathogenesis of exencephaly in rodents. These studies, which used predominantly injection exposures, coupled with the paucity of epidemiology data, resulted in the erroneous inference that inorganic arsenic should be considered a human teratogen. METHODS This study assembles and assesses literature analyses of older human and animal investigations together with the results of new experimental studies. These recent studies were performed according to modern regulatory guidelines, and relevant exposure routes (inhalation and ingestion) were used to evaluate the potential risk of developmental effects in humans. RESULTS The existing epidemiological data are inadequate to support risk assessment because of the failure to confirm or measure arsenic exposure during early gestation and the deficiencies in accounting for potential confounding factors. The animal data revealed that inorganic arsenic caused malformations in offspring only when it was injected into the veins or peritoneal cavity of pregnant animals during early gestation. Exposure via inhalation or oral ingestion, even at concentrations that were nearly fatal to pregnant females, caused no arsenic-related malformations. CONCLUSIONS Inorganic arsenic poses virtually no danger to developing offspring when maternal exposure occurs by relevant routes (oral and inhalation) at concentrations that are likely to be experienced in the environment or in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M DeSesso
- Biomedical Research Institute, Mitretek Systems, McLean, Virginia 22102, USA.
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