1
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Liu B, Wang N, Yang R, Wang X, Luo P, Chen Y, Wang F, Li M, Weng J, Zhang D, Yong H, Han J, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Hao Z, Li X. ZmADF5, a Maize Actin-Depolymerizing Factor Conferring Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:619. [PMID: 38475468 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is seriously affecting the growth and production of crops, especially when agricultural irrigation still remains quantitatively restricted in some arid and semi-arid areas. The identification of drought-tolerant genes is important for improving the adaptability of maize under stress. Here, we found that a new member of the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) family; the ZmADF5 gene was tightly linked with a consensus drought-tolerant quantitative trait locus, and the significantly associated signals were detected through genome wide association analysis. ZmADF5 expression could be induced by osmotic stress and the application of exogenous abscisic acid. Its overexpression in Arabidopsis and maize helped plants to keep a higher survival rate after water-deficit stress, which reduced the stomatal aperture and the water-loss rate, as well as improved clearance of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, seventeen differentially expressed genes were identified as regulated by both drought stress and ZmADF5, four of which were involved in the ABA-dependent drought stress response. ZmADF5-overexpressing plants were also identified as sensitive to ABA during the seed germination and seedling stages. These results suggested that ZmADF5 played an important role in the response to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ruisi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingshun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianfeng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Degui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongjun Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jienan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuecai Zhang
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Texcoco 06600, Mexico
| | - Zhuanfang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Wang Q, Xu Y, Zhao S, Jiang Y, Yi R, Guo Y, Huang S. Activation of actin-depolymerizing factor by CDPK16-mediated phosphorylation promotes actin turnover in Arabidopsis pollen tubes. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002073. [PMID: 37011088 PMCID: PMC10101649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the stimulus-responsive mediator of actin dynamics, actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin is subject to tight regulation. It is well known that kinase-mediated phosphorylation inactivates ADF/cofilin. Here, however, we found that the activity of Arabidopsis ADF7 is enhanced by CDPK16-mediated phosphorylation. We found that CDPK16 interacts with ADF7 both in vitro and in vivo, and it enhances ADF7-mediated actin depolymerization and severing in vitro in a calcium-dependent manner. Accordingly, the rate of actin turnover is reduced in cdpk16 pollen and the amount of actin filaments increases significantly at the tip of cdpk16 pollen tubes. CDPK16 phosphorylates ADF7 at Serine128 both in vitro and in vivo, and the phospho-mimetic mutant ADF7S128D has enhanced actin-depolymerizing activity compared to ADF7. Strikingly, we found that failure in the phosphorylation of ADF7 at Ser128 impairs its function in promoting actin turnover in vivo, which suggests that this phospho-regulation mechanism is biologically significant. Thus, we reveal that CDPK16-mediated phosphorylation up-regulates ADF7 to promote actin turnover in pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Yi
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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3
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Lv S, Chen Z, Mi H, Yu X. Cofilin Acts as a Booster for Progression of Malignant Tumors Represented by Glioma. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:3245-3269. [PMID: 36452435 PMCID: PMC9703913 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s389825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cofilin, as a depolymerization factor of actin filaments, has been widely studied. Evidences show that cofilin has a role in actin structural reorganization and dynamic regulation. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated a regulatory role for cofilin in the migration and invasion mediated by cell dynamics and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)/EMT-like process, apoptosis, radiotherapy resistance, immune escape, and transcriptional dysregulation of malignant tumor cells, particularly glioma cells. On this basis, it is practical to evaluate cofilin as a biomarker for predicting tumor metastasis and prognosis. Targeting cofilin regulating kinases, Lin11, Isl-1 and Mec-3 kinases (LIM kinases/LIMKs) and their major upstream molecules inhibits tumor cell migration and invasion and targeting cofilin-mediated mitochondrial pathway induces apoptosis of tumor cells represent effective options for the development of novel anti-malignant tumor drug, especially anti-glioma drugs. This review explores the structure, general biological function, and regulation of cofilin, with an emphasis on the critical functions and prospects for clinical therapeutic applications of cofilin in malignant tumors represented by glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, 157011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiye Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Mi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Jiang Y, Lu Q, Huang S. Functional non-equivalence of pollen ADF isovariants in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1068-1081. [PMID: 35233873 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ADF/cofilin is a central regulator of actin dynamics. We previously demonstrated that two closely related Arabidopsis class IIa ADF isovariants, ADF7 and ADF10, are involved in the enhancement of actin turnover in pollen, but whether they have distinct functions remains unknown. Here, we further demonstrate that they exhibit distinct functions in regulating actin turnover both in vitro and in vivo. We found that ADF7 binds to ADP-G-actin with lower affinity, and severs and depolymerizes actin filaments less efficiently in vitro than ADF10. Accordingly, in pollen grains, ADF7 more extensively decorates actin filaments and is less freely distributed in the cytoplasm compared to ADF10. We further demonstrate that ADF7 and ADF10 show distinct intracellular localizations during pollen germination, and they have non-equivalent functions in promoting actin turnover in pollen. We thus propose that cooperation and labor division of ADF7 and ADF10 enable pollen cells to achieve exquisite control of the turnover of different actin structures to meet different cellular needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jiang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiaonan Lu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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5
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Jiang X, Lv J, Zhou R, Xiang X. The effect of cofilin 1 expression and phosphorylation dynamics on cell fate determination and neuron maturation in neural stem cells. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136292. [PMID: 34655709 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that neural stem cells (NSCs) have an ability to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. However, the mechanisms that govern the fate of neural stem cell determination have not yet been fully clarified. In this study, we demonstrated that expression and activation of cofilin 1, a F-actin depolymerizing factor, are significantly changed during the development of brain, cortex or NSCs. Using Neuro-2a cells as a model, we found that overexpression of cofilin 1 significantly inhibit the cell differentiation and neurite outgrowth, while inhibition of intracellular cofilin 1 phosphorylation was significantly promoted. In cultured NSCs, we observed that cofilin 1 reduced the proportion of neurons derived from NSC due to inhibition of the phosphorylation, while the morphological maturation of neurons was promoted. Together, our findings revealed that cofilin 1 plays dynamic regulatory role on NSC cell fate determination and enhance neuronal maturation through regulating its activity and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China
| | - Jianyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China
| | - Xiaoliang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China.
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6
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Toft NJ, Axelsen TV, Pedersen HL, Mele M, Burton M, Balling E, Johansen T, Thomassen M, Christiansen PM, Boedtkjer E. Acid-base transporters and pH dynamics in human breast carcinomas predict proliferative activity, metastasis, and survival. eLife 2021; 10:68447. [PMID: 34219652 PMCID: PMC8282339 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer heterogeneity in histology and molecular subtype influences metabolic and proliferative activity and hence the acid load on cancer cells. We hypothesized that acid-base transporters and intracellular pH (pHi) dynamics contribute inter-individual variability in breast cancer aggressiveness and prognosis. We show that Na+,HCO3- cotransport and Na+/H+ exchange dominate cellular net acid extrusion in human breast carcinomas. Na+/H+ exchange elevates pHi preferentially in estrogen receptor-negative breast carcinomas, whereas Na+,HCO3- cotransport raises pHi more in invasive lobular than ductal breast carcinomas and in higher malignancy grade breast cancer. HER2-positive breast carcinomas have elevated protein expression of Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1/SLC9A1 and Na+,HCO3- cotransporter NBCn1/SLC4A7. Increased dependency on Na+,HCO3- cotransport associates with severe breast cancer: enlarged CO2/HCO3--dependent rises in pHi predict accelerated cell proliferation, whereas enhanced CO2/HCO3--dependent net acid extrusion, elevated NBCn1 protein expression, and reduced NHE1 protein expression predict lymph node metastasis. Accordingly, we observe reduced survival for patients suffering from luminal A or basal-like/triple-negative breast cancer with high SLC4A7 and/or low SLC9A1 mRNA expression. We conclude that the molecular mechanisms of acid-base regulation depend on clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients. NBCn1 expression and dependency on Na+,HCO3- cotransport for pHi regulation, measured in biopsies of human primary breast carcinomas, independently predict proliferative activity, lymph node metastasis, and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai J Toft
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine V Axelsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helene L Pedersen
- Department of Pathology, Regionshospitalet Randers, Randers, Denmark
| | - Marco Mele
- Department of Surgery, Regionshospitalet Randers, Randers, Denmark
| | - Mark Burton
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Clinical Genome Center, University and Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva Balling
- Department of Surgery, Regionshospitalet Randers, Randers, Denmark
| | - Tonje Johansen
- Department of Pathology, Regionshospitalet Randers, Randers, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Clinical Genome Center, University and Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peer M Christiansen
- Department of Surgery, Regionshospitalet Randers, Randers, Denmark.,Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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The Acidic Brain-Glycolytic Switch in the Microenvironment of Malignant Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115518. [PMID: 34073734 PMCID: PMC8197239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma represents a fatal disease with a poor prognosis and development of resistance mechanisms against conventional therapeutic approaches. The distinct tumor zones of this heterogeneous neoplasm develop their own microenvironment, in which subpopulations of cancer cells communicate. Adaptation to hypoxia in the center of the expanding tumor mass leads to the glycolytic and angiogenic switch, accompanied by upregulation of different glycolytic enzymes, transporters, and other metabolites. These processes render the tumor microenvironment more acidic, remodel the extracellular matrix, and create energy gradients for the metabolic communication between different cancer cells in distinct tumor zones. Escape mechanisms from hypoxia-induced cell death and energy deprivation are the result. The functional consequences are more aggressive and malignant behavior with enhanced proliferation and survival, migration and invasiveness, and the induction of angiogenesis. In this review, we go from the biochemical principles of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis over the glycolytic switch, regulated by the key transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, to other important metabolic players like the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs)1 and 4. We discuss the metabolic symbiosis model via lactate shuttling in the acidic tumor microenvironment and highlight the functional consequences of the glycolytic switch on glioma malignancy. Furthermore, we illustrate regulation by micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and the connection between isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status and glycolytic metabolism. Finally, we give an outlook about the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the glycolytic switch and the relation to tumor immunity in malignant glioma.
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8
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MCT4 Promotes Tumor Malignancy in F98 Glioma Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6655529. [PMID: 33936203 PMCID: PMC8060090 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4, SLC16A3) is elevated under hypoxic conditions in many malignant tumors including gliomas. Moreover, MCT4 expression is associated with shorter overall survival. However, the functional consequences of MCT4 expression on the distinct hallmarks of cancer have not yet been explored at the cellular level. Here, we investigated the impact of MCT4 overexpression on proliferation, survival, cell death, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in F98 glioma cells. Stable F98 glioma cell lines with MCT4 overexpression, normal expression, and knockdown were generated. Distinct hallmarks of cancer were examined using in silico analysis, various in vitro cell culture assays, and ex vivo organotypic rat brain slice culture model. Consistent with its function as lactate and proton exporter, MCT4 expression levels correlated inversely with extracellular pH and proportionally with extracellular lactate concentrations. Our results further indicate that MCT4 promotes proliferation and survival by altered cell cycle regulation and cell death mechanisms. Moreover, MCT4 overexpression enhances cell migration and invasiveness via reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Finally, MCT4 inhibition mitigates the induction of angiogenesis, suggesting that MCT4 also plays a crucial role in tumor-related angiogenesis. In summary, our data highlight MCT4/SLC16A3 as a key gene for distinct hallmarks of tumor malignancy in glioma cells.
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9
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Hayashi M, Palmgren M. The quest for the central players governing pollen tube growth and guidance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:682-693. [PMID: 33793904 PMCID: PMC8133568 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the mechanism of pollen tube growth and guidance point to the importance of H+ dynamics, which are regulated by the plasma membrane H+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Hayashi
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000,China
- Author for communication:
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10
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Targeting the cytoskeleton against metastatic dissemination. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:89-140. [PMID: 33471283 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a pathology characterized by a loss or a perturbation of a number of typical features of normal cell behaviour. Indeed, the acquisition of an inappropriate migratory and invasive phenotype has been reported to be one of the hallmarks of cancer. The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic network of highly ordered interlinking filaments playing a key role in the control of fundamental cellular processes, like cell shape maintenance, motility, division and intracellular transport. Moreover, deregulation of this complex machinery contributes to cancer progression and malignancy, enabling cells to acquire an invasive and metastatic phenotype. Metastasis accounts for 90% of death from patients affected by solid tumours, while an efficient prevention and suppression of metastatic disease still remains elusive. This results in the lack of effective therapeutic options currently available for patients with advanced disease. In this context, the cytoskeleton with its regulatory and structural proteins emerges as a novel and highly effective target to be exploited for a substantial therapeutic effort toward the development of specific anti-metastatic drugs. Here we provide an overview of the role of cytoskeleton components and interacting proteins in cancer metastasis with a special focus on small molecule compounds interfering with the actin cytoskeleton organization and function. The emerging involvement of microtubules and intermediate filaments in cancer metastasis is also reviewed.
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11
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Wang Q, Yuan W, Yang X, Wang Y, Li Y, Qiao H. Role of Cofilin in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584898. [PMID: 33324642 PMCID: PMC7726191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disease and has an inconspicuous onset and progressive development. Clinically, it is characterized by severe dementia manifestations, including memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, loss of recognition, impairment of visual-spatial skills, executive dysfunction, and changes in personality and behavior. Its etiology is unknown to date. However, several cellular biological signatures of AD have been identified such as synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies which are related to the actin cytoskeleton. Cofilin is one of the most affluent and common actin-binding proteins and plays a role in cell motility, migration, shape, and metabolism. They also play an important role in severing actin filament, nucleating, depolymerizing, and bundling activities. In this review, we summarize the structure of cofilins and their functional and regulating roles, focusing on the synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Haifa Qiao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Xianyang Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Acupuncture, Xi’an, China
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12
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Ben Zablah Y, Merovitch N, Jia Z. The Role of ADF/Cofilin in Synaptic Physiology and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594998. [PMID: 33282872 PMCID: PMC7688896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-depolymerization factor (ADF)/cofilin, a family of actin-binding proteins, are critical for the regulation of actin reorganization in response to various signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that ADF/cofilin also play important roles in neuronal structure and function, including long-term potentiation and depression. These are the most extensively studied forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity and are widely regarded as cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. ADF/cofilin regulate synaptic function through their effects on dendritic spines and the trafficking of glutamate receptors, the principal mediator of excitatory synaptic transmission in vertebrates. Regulation of ADF/cofilin involves various signaling pathways converging on LIM domain kinases and slingshot phosphatases, which phosphorylate/inactivate and dephosphorylate/activate ADF/cofilin, respectively. Actin-depolymerization factor/cofilin activity is also regulated by other actin-binding proteins, activity-dependent subcellular distribution and protein translation. Abnormalities in ADF/cofilin have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, investigating the roles of ADF/cofilin in the brain is not only important for understanding the fundamental processes governing neuronal structure and function, but also may provide potential therapeutic strategies to treat brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssif Ben Zablah
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Merovitch
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Ward C, Meehan J, Gray ME, Murray AF, Argyle DJ, Kunkler IH, Langdon SP. The impact of tumour pH on cancer progression: strategies for clinical intervention. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:71-100. [PMID: 36046070 PMCID: PMC9400736 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cellular pH is frequent in solid tumours and provides potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The acidic microenvironment within a tumour can promote migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. Pathways associated with the control of intracellular pH that are under consideration for intervention include carbonic anhydrase IX, the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT, MCT1 and MCT4), the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase proton pump, and the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. This review will describe progress in the development of inhibitors to these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ward
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Meehan
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Gray
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG Midlothian, UK
| | - Alan F Murray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, EH9 3JL Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG Midlothian, UK
| | - Ian H Kunkler
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon P Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Sin WC, Tam N, Moniz D, Lee C, Church J. Na/H exchanger NHE1 acts upstream of rho GTPases to promote neurite outgrowth. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:325-333. [PMID: 32144636 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1, a major determinant of intracellular pH (pHi) in mammalian central neurons, promotes neurite outgrowth under both basal and netrin-1-stimulated conditions. The small GTP binding proteins and their effectors have a dominant role in netrin-1-stimulated neurite outgrowth. Since NHE1 has been shown previously to work downstream of the Rho GTPases-mediated polarized membrane protrusion in non-neuronal cells, we examined whether NHE1 has a similar relationship with Cdc42, Rac1 and RhoA in neuronal morphogenesis. Interestingly, our results suggest the possibility that NHE1 acting upstream of Rho GTPases to promote neurite outgrowth induced by netrin-1. First, we found that netrin-1-induced increases in the activities of Rho GTPases using FRET (Forster Resonance Energy Transfer) analyses in individual growth cones; furthermore, their increased activities were abolished by cariporide, a specific NHE1 inhibitor. Second, NHE1 inhibition had no effect on neurite retraction induced by L-α-Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a potent RhoA activator. The regulation of Rho GTPases by NHE1 was further evidenced by reduced Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA activities in NHE1-null neurons. Taken together, our findings suggest that NHE1-dependent neuronal morphogenesis involves the activation of Rho-family of small GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun Chey Sin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Nicola Tam
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Moniz
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Connie Lee
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Church
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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ADF/cofilin regulation from a structural viewpoint. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:141-151. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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Rosas-Hernández R, Bastián Y, Juárez Tello A, Ramírez-Saíto Á, Escobar García DM, Pozos-Guillén A, Mendez JA. AMPA receptors modulate the reorganization of F-actin in Bergmann glia cells through the activation of RhoA. J Neurochem 2019; 149:242-254. [PMID: 30589940 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid glutamate receptors have been shown to modulate the morphology of the lamelar processes of Bergmann glia cells in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Here we suggest that reorganization of F-actin may underlay the changes in the morphology of the lamelar processes. Using the fluorescent staining of F-actin with Phalloidin and the quantification of RhoA activation through immunoprecipitation or pull-down assays, we show that RhoA is activated after stimulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors and leads to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton of Bergmann fibers. This reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is reflected in the form of an increase in the intensity of the F-actin staining as well as in the loss of the number of Bergmann fibers stained with Phalloidin. Moreover, using a pharmacological approach, we show that activation of RhoA and the change in the intensity of the F-actin staining depends on the activation of PI3-K, focal adhesion kinase, and protein kinase C, whereas changes in the number of Bergmann fibers depend on external calcium in a RhoA independent manner. Our findings show that glutamate may induce a form of structural plasticity in Bergmann glia cells through the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. This may have implications in the way the synaptic transmission is processed in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yadira Bastián
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, IMSS, Zacatecas, México
| | - Andrea Juárez Tello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Physics, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | | | - Diana María Escobar García
- Laboratory of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Laboratory of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - J Alfredo Mendez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Physics, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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17
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Yang Q, Meng D, Gu Z, Li W, Chen Q, Li Y, Yuan H, Yu J, Liu C, Li T. Apple S-RNase interacts with an actin-binding protein, MdMVG, to reduce pollen tube growth by inhibiting its actin-severing activity at the early stage of self-pollination induction. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:41-56. [PMID: 29667261 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility, S-RNase secreted from the style destroys the actin cytoskeleton of the self-pollen tubes, eventually halting their growth, but the mechanism of this process remains unclear. In vitro biochemical assays revealed that S-RNase does not bind or sever filamentous actin (F-actin). In apple (Malus domestica), we identified an actin-binding protein containing myosin, villin and GRAM (MdMVG), that physically interacts with S-RNase and directly binds and severs F-actin. Immunofluorescence assays and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy indicated that S-RNase inhibits the F-actin-severing activity of MdMVG in vitro. In vivo, the addition of S-RNase to self-pollen tubes increased the fluorescence intensity of actin microfilaments and reduced the severing frequency of microfilaments and the rate of pollen tube growth in self-pollination induction in the presence of MdMVG overexpression. By generating 25 single-, double- and triple-point mutations in the amino acid motif E-E-K-E-K of MdMVG via mutagenesis and testing the resulting mutants with immunofluorescence, we identified a triple-point mutant, MdMVG(E167A/E171A/K185A) , that no longer has F-actin-severing activity or interacts with any of the four S-haplotype S-RNases, indicating that all three amino acids (E167, E171 and K185) are essential for the severing activity of MdMVG and its interaction with S-RNases. We conclude that apple S-RNase interacts with MdMVG to reduce self-pollen tube growth by inhibiting its F-actin-severing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dong Meng
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyu Gu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiuju Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Schlau M, Terheyden-Keighley D, Theis V, Mannherz HG, Theiss C. VEGF Triggers the Activation of Cofilin and the Arp2/3 Complex within the Growth Cone. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020384. [PMID: 29382077 PMCID: PMC5855606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A crucial neuronal structure for the development and regeneration of neuronal networks is the axonal growth cone. Affected by different guidance cues, it grows in a predetermined direction to reach its final destination. One of those cues is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which was identified as a positive effector for growth cone movement. These positive effects are mainly mediated by a reorganization of the actin network. This study shows that VEGF triggers a tight colocalization of cofilin and the Arp2/3 complex to the actin cytoskeleton within chicken dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Live cell imaging after microinjection of GFP (green fluorescent protein)-cofilin and RFP (red fluorescent protein)-LifeAct revealed that both labeled proteins rapidly redistributed within growth cones, and showed a congruent distribution pattern after VEGF supplementation. Disruption of signaling upstream of cofilin via blocking LIM-kinase (LIMK) activity resulted in growth cones displaying regressive growth behavior. Microinjection of GFP-p16b (a subunit of the Arp2/3 complex) and RFP-LifeAct revealed that both proteins redistributed into lamellipodia of the growth cone within minutes after VEGF stimulation. Disruption of the signaling to the Arp2/3 complex in the presence of VEGF by inhibition of N-WASP (neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich–Scott protein) caused retraction of growth cones. Hence, cofilin and the Arp2/3 complex appear to be downstream effector proteins of VEGF signaling to the actin cytoskeleton of DRG growth cones. Our data suggest that VEGF simultaneously affects different pathways for signaling to the actin cytoskeleton, since activation of cofilin occurs via inhibition of LIMK, whereas activation of Arp2/3 is achieved by stimulation of N-WASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schlau
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Daniel Terheyden-Keighley
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Verena Theis
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Hans Georg Mannherz
- Research Group Molecular Cardiology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil and St. Josef Hospital, c/o Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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19
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Tumor cell cholesterol depletion and V-ATPase inhibition as an inhibitory mechanism to prevent cell migration and invasiveness in melanoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:684-691. [PMID: 29253593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND V-ATPase interactions with cholesterol enriched membrane microdomains have been related to metastasis in a variety of cancers, but the underlying mechanism remains at its beginnings. It has recently been reported that the inhibition of this H+ pump affects cholesterol mobilization to the plasma membrane. METHODS Inhibition of melanoma cell migration and invasiveness was assessed by wound healing and Transwell assays in murine cell lines (B16F10 and Melan-A). V-ATPase activity was measured in vitro by ATP hydrolysis and H+ transport in membrane vesicles, and intact cell H+ fluxes were measured by using a non-invasive Scanning Ion-selective Electrode Technique (SIET). RESULTS Cholesterol depletion by 5mM MβCD was found to be inhibitory to the hydrolytic and H+ pumping activities of the V-ATPase of melanoma cell lines, as well as to the migration and invasiveness capacities of these cells. Nearly the same effects were obtained using concanamycin A, a specific inhibitor of V-ATPase, which also promoted a decrease of the H+ efflux in live cells at the same extent of MβCD. CONCLUSIONS We found that cholesterol depletion significantly affects the V-ATPase activity and the initial metastatic processes following a profile similar to those observed in the presence of the V-ATPase specific inhibitor, concanamycin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results shed new light on the functional role of the interactions between V-ATPases and cholesterol-enriched microdomains of cell membranes that contribute with malignant phenotypes in melanoma.
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20
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Functions of actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1)/WD repeat protein 1 (WDR1) in actin filament dynamics and cytoskeletal regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 506:315-322. [PMID: 29056508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin and actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1), also known as WD-repeat protein 1 (WDR1), are conserved among eukaryotes and play critical roles in dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. AIP1 preferentially promotes disassembly of ADF/cofilin-decorated actin filaments but exhibits minimal effects on bare actin filaments. Therefore, AIP1 has been often considered to be an ancillary co-factor of ADF/cofilin that merely boosts ADF/cofilin activity level. However, genetic and cell biological studies show that AIP1 deficiency often causes lethality or severe abnormalities in multiple tissues and organs including muscle, epithelia, and blood, suggesting that AIP1 is a major regulator of many biological processes that depend on actin dynamics. This review summarizes recent progress in studies on the biochemical mechanism of actin filament severing by AIP1 and in vivo functions of AIP1 in model organisms and human diseases.
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21
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Gao J, Zhang T, Kang Z, Ting W, Xu L, Yin D. The F0F1 ATP synthase regulates human neutrophil migration through cytoplasmic proton extrusion coupled with ATP generation. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:219-226. [PMID: 28843171 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic alkalinization and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) signals are required for migration of chemokineactivated neutrophils, but the precise functions remain unclear. In this work, the effect of the plasma membrane-expressed F0F1-ATP synthase (FATPase) on human neutrophils was examined. We found F-ATPase to be involved in cytoplasm proton extrusion and extracellular ATP generation. Oligomycin A, an F-ATPase inhibitor that blocks proton transfer, inhibited cytoplasmic alkalinization, extracellular ATP generation, adhesion and chemotaxis in N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-stimulated neutrophils; however, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), a substrate and activator of F-ATPase, had the opposite effect. Further analysis revealed that cell surface F-ATPase can translocate to the leading edge of directional fMLP-stimulated neutrophils toward ADP hydrolyzed from pannexin 1 channel-released ATP, followed by F-ATPase-catalyzed ATP regeneration using ADP and protons transferred from the cytoplasm. Therefore, the membrane-expressed F-ATPase regulates human neutrophil migration via cytoplasm proton extrusion and extracellular ATP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhanfang Kang
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weijen Ting
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lingqing Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dazhong Yin
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 511518, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China.
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22
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Cofilin-1 and Other ADF/Cofilin Superfamily Members in Human Malignant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010010. [PMID: 28025492 PMCID: PMC5297645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of actin-depolymerizing factor homology (ADF-H) domains in the structures of several related proteins led first to the formation of the ADF/cofilin family, which then expanded to the ADF/cofilin superfamily. This superfamily includes the well-studied cofilin-1 (Cfl-1) and about a dozen different human proteins that interact directly or indirectly with the actin cytoskeleton, provide its remodeling, and alter cell motility. According to some data, Cfl-1 is contained in various human malignant cells (HMCs) and is involved in the formation of malignant properties, including invasiveness, metastatic potential, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. The presence of other ADF/cofilin superfamily proteins in HMCs and their involvement in the regulation of cell motility were discovered with the use of various OMICS technologies. In our review, we discuss the results of the study of Cfl-1 and other ADF/cofilin superfamily proteins, which may be of interest for solving different problems of molecular oncology, as well as for the prospects of further investigations of these proteins in HMCs.
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23
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Mumtaz R, Trepiccione F, Hennings JC, Huebner AK, Serbin B, Picard N, Ullah AKMS, Păunescu TG, Capen DE, Lashhab RM, Mouro-Chanteloup I, Alper SL, Wagner CA, Cordat E, Brown D, Eladari D, Hübner CA. Intercalated Cell Depletion and Vacuolar H +-ATPase Mistargeting in an Ae1 R607H Knockin Model. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:1507-1520. [PMID: 27932475 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal nephron acid secretion is mediated by highly specialized type A intercalated cells (A-ICs), which contain vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-type ATPase)-rich vesicles that fuse with the apical plasma membrane on demand. Intracellular bicarbonate generated by luminal H+ secretion is removed by the basolateral anion-exchanger AE1. Chronically reduced renal acid excretion in distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) may lead to nephrocalcinosis and renal failure. Studies in MDCK monolayers led to the proposal of a dominant-negative trafficking mechanism to explain AE1-associated dominant dRTA. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we generated an Ae1 R607H knockin mouse, which corresponds to the most common dominant dRTA mutation in human AE1, R589H. Compared with wild-type mice, heterozygous and homozygous R607H knockin mice displayed incomplete dRTA characterized by compensatory upregulation of the Na+/HCO3- cotransporter NBCn1. Red blood cell Ae1-mediated anion-exchange activity and surface polypeptide expression did not change. Mutant mice expressed far less Ae1 in A-ICs, but basolateral targeting of the mutant protein was preserved. Notably, mutant mice also exhibited reduced expression of V-type ATPase and compromised targeting of this proton pump to the plasma membrane upon acid challenge. Accumulation of p62- and ubiquitin-positive material in A-ICs of knockin mice suggested a defect in the degradative pathway, which may explain the observed loss of A-ICs. R607H knockin did not affect type B intercalated cells. We propose that reduced basolateral anion-exchange activity in A-ICs inhibits trafficking and regulation of V-type ATPase, compromising luminal H+ secretion and possibly lysosomal acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Mumtaz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Department of Physiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Science, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - J Christopher Hennings
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje K Huebner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina Serbin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Department of Physiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Picard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Équipe de Recherche Labellisée 8228, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - A K M Shahid Ullah
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Teodor G Păunescu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
| | - Diane E Capen
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
| | - Rawad M Lashhab
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Isabelle Mouro-Chanteloup
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1134, Laboratory of Excellence Globule Rouge-Excellence, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Seth L Alper
- Nephrology Division and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Emmanuelle Cordat
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dennis Brown
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
| | - Dominique Eladari
- Service de Physiologie Explorations Fonctionnelles Rénales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Réunion, Hôpital Felix Guyon; and .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany;
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24
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Zhou C, Wang Y, Pan D, Sun Y, Cao J. The effect of Cytochalasin B and Jasplakinolide on depolymerization of actin filaments in goose muscles during postmortem conditioning. Food Res Int 2016; 90:1-7. [PMID: 29195861 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast muscles of twenty-four Eastern Zhejiang White Geese were randomly divided into three groups: control, Cytochalasin B (Cyt B) and Jasplakinolide (Jasp) treatments during postmortem conditioning. The myofibrillar fraction index (MFI), actin filaments and the levels of F-actin, G-actin and actin associated proteins (cofilins and tropomodulins) during conditioning were investigated. In control, the degraded tropomodulins, increased G-actin and disrupted actin filaments were observed at 4 and 7days; the increase of MFI and decrease of F-actin content were shown during conditioning. Cyt B treatments accelerated the transformation from F-actin to G-actin, weakened actin filaments and increased MFI compared to the control, while Jasp gained the opposite effect against Cyt B. We concluded that depolymerization of actin filaments regulated by tropomodulins contributed to myofibrillar fraction during conditioning. This work provided a new pathway of tenderization by the depolymerization of actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yangying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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25
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Chai X, Frotscher M. How does Reelin signaling regulate the neuronal cytoskeleton during migration? NEUROGENESIS 2016; 3:e1242455. [PMID: 28265585 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1242455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal migration is an essential step in the formation of laminated brain structures. In the developing cerebral cortex, pyramidal neurons migrate toward the Reelin-containing marginal zone. Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein synthesized by Cajal-Retzius cells. In this review, we summarize our recent results and hypotheses on how Reelin might regulate neuronal migration by acting on the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. By binding to ApoER2 receptors on the migrating neurons, Reelin induces stabilization of the leading processes extending toward the marginal zone, which involves Dab1 phosphorylation, adhesion molecule expression, cofilin phosphorylation and inhibition of tau phosphorylation. By binding to VLDLR and integrin receptors, Reelin interacts with Lis1 and induces nuclear translocation, accompanied by the ubiquitination of phosphorylated Dab1. Eventually Reelin induces clustering of its receptors resulting in the endocytosis of a Reelin/receptor complex (particularly VLDLR). The resulting decrease in Reelin contributes to neuronal arrest at the marginal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Chai
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH) , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Frotscher
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH) , Hamburg, Germany
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Zhao S, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Huang S, Yuan M, Zhao Y, Guo Y. CASEIN KINASE1-LIKE PROTEIN2 Regulates Actin Filament Stability and Stomatal Closure via Phosphorylation of Actin Depolymerizing Factor. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:1422-39. [PMID: 27268429 PMCID: PMC4944410 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The opening and closing of stomata are crucial for plant photosynthesis and transpiration. Actin filaments undergo dynamic reorganization during stomatal closure, but the underlying mechanism for this cytoskeletal reorganization remains largely unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized Arabidopsis thaliana casein kinase 1-like protein 2 (CKL2), which responds to abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and participates in ABA- and drought-induced stomatal closure. Although CKL2 does not bind to actin filaments directly and has no effect on actin assembly in vitro, it colocalizes with and stabilizes actin filaments in guard cells. Further investigation revealed that CKL2 physically interacts with and phosphorylates actin depolymerizing factor 4 (ADF4) and inhibits its activity in actin filament disassembly. During ABA-induced stomatal closure, deletion of CKL2 in Arabidopsis alters actin reorganization in stomata and renders stomatal closure less sensitive to ABA, whereas deletion of ADF4 impairs the disassembly of actin filaments and causes stomatal closure to be more sensitive to ABA Deletion of ADF4 in the ckl2 mutant partially recues its ABA-insensitive stomatal closure phenotype. Moreover, Arabidopsis ADFs from subclass I are targets of CKL2 in vitro. Thus, our results suggest that CKL2 regulates actin filament reorganization and stomatal closure mainly through phosphorylation of ADF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanxiu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Hamill S, Lou HJ, Turk BE, Boggon TJ. Structural Basis for Noncanonical Substrate Recognition of Cofilin/ADF Proteins by LIM Kinases. Mol Cell 2016; 62:397-408. [PMID: 27153537 PMCID: PMC4860616 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cofilin/actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) proteins are critical nodes that relay signals from protein kinase cascades to the actin cytoskeleton, in particular through site-specific phosphorylation at residue Ser3. This is important for regulation of the roles of cofilin in severing and stabilizing actin filaments. Consequently, cofilin/ADF Ser3 phosphorylation is tightly controlled as an almost exclusive substrate for LIM kinases. Here we determine the LIMK1:cofilin-1 co-crystal structure. We find an interface that is distinct from canonical kinase-substrate interactions. We validate this previously unobserved mechanism for high-fidelity kinase-substrate recognition by in vitro kinase assays, examination of cofilin phosphorylation in mammalian cells, and functional analysis in S. cerevisiae. The interface is conserved across all LIM kinases. Remarkably, we also observe both pre- and postphosphotransfer states in the same crystal lattice. This study therefore provides a molecular understanding of how kinase-substrate recognition acts as a gatekeeper to regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hamill
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Hua Jane Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Benjamin E. Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Titus J. Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520,To who correspondence should be addressed:
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Boedtkjer E, Bentzon JF, Dam VS, Aalkjaer C. Na+, HCO3--cotransporter NBCn1 increases pHi gradients, filopodia, and migration of smooth muscle cells and promotes arterial remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:227-39. [PMID: 27076468 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Arterial remodelling can cause luminal narrowing and obstruct blood flow. We tested the hypothesis that cellular acid-base transport facilitates proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and enhances remodelling of conduit arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS [Formula: see text]-cotransport via NBCn1 (Slc4a7) mediates net acid extrusion and controls steady-state intracellular pH (pHi) in VSMCs of mouse carotid arteries and primary aortic explants. Carotid arteries undergo hypertrophic inward remodelling in response to partial or complete ligation in vivo, but the increase in media area and thickness and reduction in lumen diameter are attenuated in arteries from NBCn1 knock-out compared with wild-type mice. With [Formula: see text] present, gradients for pHi (∼0.2 units magnitude) exist along the axis of VSMC migration in primary explants from wild-type but not NBCn1 knock-out mice. Knock-out or pharmacological inhibition of NBCn1 also reduces filopodia and lowers initial rates of VSMC migration after scratch-wound infliction. Interventions to reduce H(+)-buffer mobility (omission of [Formula: see text] or inhibition of carbonic anhydrases) re-establish axial pHi gradients, filopodia, and migration rates in explants from NBCn1 knock-out mice. The omission of [Formula: see text] also lowers global pHi and inhibits proliferation in primary explants. CONCLUSION Under physiological conditions (i.e. with [Formula: see text] present), NBCn1-mediated [Formula: see text] uptake raises VSMC pHi and promotes filopodia, VSMC migration, and hypertrophic inward remodelling. We propose that axial pHi gradients enhance VSMC migration whereas global acidification inhibits VSMC proliferation and media hypertrophy after carotid artery ligation. These findings support a key role of acid-base transport, particularly via NBCn1, for development of occlusive artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Building 1170, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vibeke S Dam
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Building 1170, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Aalkjaer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Building 1170, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Bamburg JR, Bernstein BW. Actin dynamics and cofilin-actin rods in alzheimer disease. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:477-97. [PMID: 26873625 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal abnormalities and synaptic loss, typical of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD), are induced by diverse stresses such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and energetic stress, each of which may be initiated or enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines or amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Extracellular Aβ-containing plaques and intracellular phospho-tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles are postmortem pathologies required to confirm AD and have been the focus of most studies. However, AD brain, but not normal brain, also have increased levels of cytoplasmic rod-shaped bundles of filaments composed of ADF/cofilin-actin in a 1:1 complex (rods). Cofilin, the major ADF/cofilin isoform in mammalian neurons, severs actin filaments at low cofilin/actin ratios and stabilizes filaments at high cofilin/actin ratios. It binds cooperatively to ADP-actin subunits in F-actin. Cofilin is activated by dephosphorylation and may be oxidized in stressed neurons to form disulfide-linked dimers, required for bundling cofilin-actin filaments into stable rods. Rods form within neurites causing synaptic dysfunction by sequestering cofilin, disrupting normal actin dynamics, blocking transport, and exacerbating mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Aβ and proinflammatory cytokines induce rods through a cellular prion protein-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase and production of reactive oxygen species. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of cofilin biochemistry, rod formation, and the development of cognitive deficits. We will then discuss rod formation as a molecular pathway for synapse loss that may be common between all three prominent current AD hypotheses, thus making rods an attractive therapeutic target. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
| | - Barbara W Bernstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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30
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Nomura K, Hayakawa K, Tatsumi H, Ono S. Actin-interacting Protein 1 Promotes Disassembly of Actin-depolymerizing Factor/Cofilin-bound Actin Filaments in a pH-dependent Manner. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5146-56. [PMID: 26747606 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.713495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1) is a conserved WD repeat protein that promotes disassembly of actin filaments when actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin is present. Although AIP1 is known to be essential for a number of cellular events involving dynamic rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, the regulatory mechanism of the function of AIP1 is unknown. In this study, we report that two AIP1 isoforms from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, known as UNC-78 and AIPL-1, are pH-sensitive in enhancement of actin filament disassembly. Both AIP1 isoforms only weakly enhance disassembly of ADF/cofilin-bound actin filaments at an acidic pH but show stronger disassembly activity at neutral and basic pH values. However, a severing-defective mutant of UNC-78 shows pH-insensitive binding to ADF/cofilin-decorated actin filaments, suggesting that the process of filament severing or disassembly, but not filament binding, is pH-dependent. His-60 of AIP1 is located near the predicted binding surface for the ADF/cofilin-actin complex, and an H60K mutation of AIP1 partially impairs its pH sensitivity, suggesting that His-60 is involved in the pH sensor for AIP1. These biochemical results suggest that pH-dependent changes in AIP1 activity might be a novel regulatory mechanism of actin filament dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Nomura
- From the Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | | | - Hitoshi Tatsumi
- Department of Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan, and the Department of Applied Biosciences, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Kanazawa 924-0838, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ono
- From the Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322,
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Ghosh S, Gupta P, Sen E. TNFα driven HIF-1α-hexokinase II axis regulates MHC-I cluster stability through actin cytoskeleton. Exp Cell Res 2015; 340:116-24. [PMID: 26597758 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α)-regulated expression of Hexokinase-II (HKII) remains a cornerstone in the maintenance of high metabolic demands subserving various pro-tumor functions including immune evasion in gliomas. Since inflammation-induced HIF-1α regulates Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) gene expression, and as cytoskeletal dynamics affect MHC-I membrane clusters, we investigated the involvement of HIF-1α-HKII axis in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα)-mediated MHC-I membrane cluster stability in glioma cells and the involvement of actin cytoskeleton in the process. TNFα increased the clustering and colocalization of MHC-I with cortical actin in a HIF-1α dependent manner. siRNA mediated knockdown of HIF-1α as well as enzymatic inhibition of HK II by Lonidamine, delocalized mitochondrially bound HKII. This altered subcellular HKII localization affected TNFα-induced cofilin activation and actin turnover, as pharmacological inhibition of HKII by Lonidamine decreased Actin-related protein 2 (ARP2)/cofilin interaction. Photobleaching studies revealed destabilization of TNFα- induced stable MHC-I membrane clusters in the presence of Lonidamine and ARP2 inhibitor CK666. This work highlights how TNFα triggers a previously unknown function of metabolic protein HKII to influence an immune related outcome. Our study establishes the importance of inflammation induced HIF-1α in integrating two crucial components- the metabolic and immune, through reorganization of cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashib Ghosh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Division, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122051, India.
| | - Piyushi Gupta
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Division, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122051, India
| | - Ellora Sen
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Division, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122051, India
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32
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Chronophin coordinates cell leading edge dynamics by controlling active cofilin levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5150-9. [PMID: 26324884 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510945112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cofilin, a critical player of actin dynamics, is spatially and temporally regulated to control the direction and force of membrane extension required for cell locomotion. In carcinoma cells, although the signaling pathways regulating cofilin activity to control cell direction have been established, the molecular machinery required to generate the force of the protrusion remains unclear. We show that the cofilin phosphatase chronophin (CIN) spatiotemporally regulates cofilin activity at the cell edge to generate persistent membrane extension. We show that CIN translocates to the leading edge in a PI3-kinase-, Rac1-, and cofilin-dependent manner after EGF stimulation to activate cofilin, promotes actin free barbed end formation, accelerates actin turnover, and enhances membrane protrusion. In addition, we establish that CIN is crucial for the balance of protrusion/retraction events during cell migration. Thus, CIN coordinates the leading edge dynamics by controlling active cofilin levels to promote MTLn3 cell protrusion.
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Zheng K, Kitazato K, Wang Y, He Z. Pathogenic microbes manipulate cofilin activity to subvert actin cytoskeleton. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:677-95. [PMID: 25853495 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin proteins are key players in controlling the temporal and spatial extent of actin dynamics, which is crucial for mediating host-pathogen interactions. Pathogenic microbes have evolved molecular mechanisms to manipulate cofilin activity to subvert the actin cytoskeletal system in host cells, promoting their internalization into the target cells, modifying the replication niche and facilitating their intracellular and intercellular dissemination. The study of how these pathogens exploit cofilin pathways is crucial for understanding infectious disease and providing potential targets for drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong , People's Republic of China .,c Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Kaio Kitazato
- b Division of Molecular Pharmacology of Infectious Agents, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan , and
| | - Yifei Wang
- c Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhendan He
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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34
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Ferraro A, Boni T, Pintzas A. EZH2 regulates cofilin activity and colon cancer cell migration by targeting ITGA2 gene. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115276. [PMID: 25549357 PMCID: PMC4280133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of cytoskeleton via actin remodeling is a basic step of cell locomotion. Although cell migration of normal and cancer cells can be stimulated by a variety of intra- and extra-cellular factors, all paths ultimate on the regulation of cofilin activity. Cofilin is a small actin-binding protein able to bind both forms of actin, globular and filament, and is regulated by phosphorylation at Serine 3. Following phosphorylation at serine 3 cofilin is inactive, therefore cannot bind actin molecules and cytoskeleton remodeling is impaired. The histone methyltransferase EZH2 is frequently over expressed in many tumour types including colorectal cancer (CRC). EZH2 over activity, which results in epigenetic gene-silencing, has been associated with many tumour properties including invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis but little is known about the underneath molecular mechanisms. Herein, we report that EZH2 is able to control cofilin activity and consequently cell locomotion of CRC cell lines through a non-conventional novel axis that involves integrin signaling. Indeed, we show how genetic and pharmacological inhibition (DZNep and GSK343) of EZH2 function produces hyper phosphorylation of cofilin and reduces cell migration. We previously demonstrated by chromatin immuno-precipitation that Integrin alpha 2 (ITGα2) expression is regulated by EZH2. In the present study we provide evidence that in EZH2-silenced cells the signaling activity of the de-repressed ITGα2 is able to increase cofilin phosphorylation, which in turn reduces cell migration. This study also proposes novel mechanisms that might provide new anti-metastatic strategies for CRC treatment based on the inhibition of the epigenetic factor EZH2 and/or its target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Ferraro
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Themis Boni
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Pintzas
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
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Buelto D, Duncan MC. Cellular energetics: actin and myosin abstain from ATP during starvation. Curr Biol 2014; 24:R1004-6. [PMID: 25442847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Destiney Buelto
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mara C Duncan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Stock C, Ludwig FT, Hanley PJ, Schwab A. Roles of ion transport in control of cell motility. Compr Physiol 2013; 3:59-119. [PMID: 23720281 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell motility is an essential feature of life. It is essential for reproduction, propagation, embryonic development, and healing processes such as wound closure and a successful immune defense. If out of control, cell motility can become life-threatening as, for example, in metastasis or autoimmune diseases. Regardless of whether ciliary/flagellar or amoeboid movement, controlled motility always requires a concerted action of ion channels and transporters, cytoskeletal elements, and signaling cascades. Ion transport across the plasma membrane contributes to cell motility by affecting the membrane potential and voltage-sensitive ion channels, by inducing local volume changes with the help of aquaporins and by modulating cytosolic Ca(2+) and H(+) concentrations. Voltage-sensitive ion channels serve as voltage detectors in electric fields thus enabling galvanotaxis; local swelling facilitates the outgrowth of protrusions at the leading edge while local shrinkage accompanies the retraction of the cell rear; the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration exerts its main effect on cytoskeletal dynamics via motor proteins such as myosin or dynein; and both, the intracellular and the extracellular H(+) concentration modulate cell migration and adhesion by tuning the activity of enzymes and signaling molecules in the cytosol as well as the activation state of adhesion molecules at the cell surface. In addition to the actual process of ion transport, both, channels and transporters contribute to cell migration by being part of focal adhesion complexes and/or physically interacting with components of the cytoskeleton. The present article provides an overview of how the numerous ion-transport mechanisms contribute to the various modes of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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37
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Jenkins EC, Debnath S, Varriano S, Gundry S, Fata JE. Na+/H+exchanger 1 (NHE1) function is necessary for maintaining mammary tissue architecture. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:229-42. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund C. Jenkins
- Department of Biology; College of Staten Island; Staten Island New York
- Biology Doctoral Program; City University of New York Graduate Center; New York New York
| | - Shawon Debnath
- Department of Biology; College of Staten Island; Staten Island New York
- Biochemistry Doctoral Program; City University of New York Graduate Center; New York New York
| | - Sophia Varriano
- Department of Biology; College of Staten Island; Staten Island New York
| | - Stephen Gundry
- Electrical Engineering Doctoral Program; City College of New York, The City University of New York; New York New York
| | - Jimmie E. Fata
- Department of Biology; College of Staten Island; Staten Island New York
- Biology Doctoral Program; City University of New York Graduate Center; New York New York
- Biochemistry Doctoral Program; City University of New York Graduate Center; New York New York
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Kamal AHM, Kim WK, Cho K, Park A, Min JK, Han BS, Park SG, Lee SC, Bae KH. Investigation of adipocyte proteome during the differentiation of brown preadipocytes. J Proteomics 2013; 94:327-36. [PMID: 24129212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brown adipocytes oxidize fatty acids to produce heat in response to cold or caloric overfeeding. The motivation and function of the development of brown fat may thus counteract obesity, though this remains uncertain. We investigated the brown adipocyte proteome by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Comparative analyses of proteins focused on total protein spots to filter differentially expressed proteins during the differentiation of mouse primary brown preadipocytes. A Western blot analysis was performed to verify the target proteins. The results indicated that 10 protein spots were differentially expressed with significant changes, including the three up-regulated proteins of prohibitin, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, and enoyl-CoA hydratase protein; the 5 down-regulated proteins of triosephosphate isomerase, elongation factor 2, α-tropomyosin slow, endophilin-B1, and cofilin-1 (CFL1); and the two unequivocally expressed proteins of peroxiredoxin-1 and collagen α-1(i) chain precursor. We found that during brown adipogenesis, CFL1 has an inhibitory effect on brown adipocyte differentiation. The overexpression of CFL1 inhibited the brown fat deposition and repressed the brown marker genes UCP1, PRDM16, PGC-1α and PPARγ via actin dynamics and polymerization. These observations may be novel findings that bring new insight into the detailed mechanisms of brown adipogenesis and identify possible therapeutic targets for anti-obesity. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE We use 2-DE to compare the proteomes of adipocytes during the brown adipogenesis of primary mouse preadipocytes. We identified 10 proteins that are differentially expressed. Among these, we found that the actin binding protein CFL1 inhibits the differentiation of brown preadipocytes. CFL1 overexpressing cells showed lower deposition of brown fat droplets, and the brown marker genes of UCP1, PRDM16, PGC-1α and PPARγ were decreased through actin dynamics and polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- Research Center for Integrated Cellulomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Tahtamouni LH, Shaw AE, Hasan MH, Yasin SR, Bamburg JR. Non-overlapping activities of ADF and cofilin-1 during the migration of metastatic breast tumor cells. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:45. [PMID: 24093776 PMCID: PMC3850953 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADF/cofilin proteins are key modulators of actin dynamics in metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. Here we focused on the roles of ADF and cofilin-1 individually in the development of polarized migration of rat mammary adenocarcinoma (MTLn3) cells, which express nearly equal amounts of each protein. Small interference RNA (siRNA) technology was used to knockdown (KD) the expression of ADF and cofilin-1 independently. RESULTS Either ADF KD or cofilin KD caused cell elongation, a reduction in cell area, a decreased ability to form invadopodia, and a decreased percentage of polarized cells after 180 s of epidermal growth factor stimulation. Moreover, ADF KD or cofilin KD increased the rate of cell migration and the time of lamellipodia protrusion but through different mechanisms: lamellipodia protrude more frequently in ADF KD cells and are more persistent in cofilin KD cells. ADF KD cells showed a significant increase in F-actin aggregates, whereas cofilin KD cells showed a significant increase in prominent F-actin bundles and increased cell adhesion. Focal adhesion area and cell adhesion in cofilin KD cells were returned to control levels by expressing exogenous cofilin but not ADF. Return to control rates of cell migration in ADF KD cells was achieved by expression of exogenous ADF but not cofilin, whereas in cofilin KD cells, expression of cofilin efficiently rescued control migration rates. CONCLUSION Although ADF and cofilin have many redundant functions, each of these isoforms has functional differences that affect F-actin structures, cell adhesion and lamellipodial dynamics, all of which are important determinants of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna H Tahtamouni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Alisa E Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Maram H Hasan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Salem R Yasin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Bravo-Cordero JJ, Magalhaes MAO, Eddy RJ, Hodgson L, Condeelis J. Functions of cofilin in cell locomotion and invasion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:405-15. [PMID: 23778968 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a consensus has emerged that cofilin severing activity can generate free actin filament ends that are accessible for F-actin polymerization and depolymerization without changing the rate of G-actin association and dissociation at either filament end. The structural basis of actin filament severing by cofilin is now better understood. These results have been integrated with recently discovered mechanisms for cofilin activation in migrating cells, which led to new models for cofilin function that provide insights into how cofilin regulation determines the temporal and spatial control of cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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Olayioye MA, Barisic S, Hausser A. Multi-level control of actin dynamics by protein kinase D. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1739-47. [PMID: 23688773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic actin remodeling is fundamental to processes such as cell motility, vesicle trafficking, and cytokinesis. Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine-threonine kinase known to be involved in diverse biological functions ranging from vesicle fission at the Golgi complex to regulation of cell motility and invasion. This review addresses the role of PKD in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton with a particular emphasis on the substrates associated with this function. We further highlight the multi-level control of actin dynamics by PKD and suggest that the tight spatio-temporal control of PKD activity is critical for the coordination of directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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42
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Schwab A, Fabian A, Hanley PJ, Stock C. Role of ion channels and transporters in cell migration. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1865-913. [PMID: 23073633 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is central to tissue homeostasis in health and disease, and there is hardly any cell in the body that is not motile at a given point in its life cycle. Important physiological processes intimately related to the ability of the respective cells to migrate include embryogenesis, immune defense, angiogenesis, and wound healing. On the other side, migration is associated with life-threatening pathologies such as tumor metastases and atherosclerosis. Research from the last ≈ 15 years revealed that ion channels and transporters are indispensable components of the cellular migration apparatus. After presenting general principles by which transport proteins affect cell migration, we will discuss systematically the role of channels and transporters involved in cell migration.
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43
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Signaling mechanisms and functional roles of cofilin phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Cell Signal 2012; 25:457-69. [PMID: 23153585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cofilin and actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) are actin-binding proteins that play an essential role in regulating actin filament dynamics and reorganization by stimulating the severance and depolymerization of actin filaments. Cofilin/ADF are inactivated by phosphorylation at the serine residue at position 3 by LIM-kinases (LIMKs) and testicular protein kinases (TESKs) and are reactivated by dephosphorylation by the slingshot (SSH) family of protein phosphatases and chronophin. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the signaling mechanisms regulating LIMKs and SSHs and the functional roles of cofilin phospho-regulation in cell migration, tumor invasion, mitosis, neuronal development, and synaptic plasticity. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the phospho-regulation of cofilin/ADF is a key convergence point of cell signaling networks that link extracellular stimuli to actin cytoskeletal dynamics and that spatiotemporal control of cofilin/ADF activity by LIMKs and SSHs plays a crucial role in a diverse array of cellular and physiological processes. Perturbations in the normal control of cofilin/ADF activity underlie many pathological conditions, including cancer metastasis and neurological and cardiovascular disorders.
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44
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Chen B, Jiang M, Zhou M, Chen L, Liu X, Wang X, Wang Y. Both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors mediate glutamate stimulation induced cofilin rod formation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 2012; 1486:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Incorporation of cofilin into rods depends on disulfide intermolecular bonds: implications for actin regulation and neurodegenerative disease. J Neurosci 2012; 32:6670-81. [PMID: 22573689 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6020-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rod-shaped aggregates ("rods"), containing equimolar actin and the actin dynamizing protein cofilin, appear in neurons following a wide variety of potentially oxidative stress: simulated microischemia, cofilin overexpression, and exposure to peroxide, excess glutamate, or the dimer/trimer forms of amyloid-β peptide (Aβd/t), the most synaptotoxic Aβ species. These rods are initially reversible and neuroprotective, but if they persist in neurites, the synapses degenerate without neurons dying. Herein we report evidence that rod formation depends on the generation of intermolecular disulfide bonds in cofilin. Of four Cys-to-Ala cofilin mutations expressed in rat E18 hippocampal neurons, only the mutant incapable of forming intermolecular bonds (CC39,147AA) has significantly reduced ability to incorporate into rods. Rod regions show unusually high oxidation levels. Rods, isolated from stressed neurons, contain dithiothreitol-sensitive multimeric forms of cofilin, predominantly dimer. Oligomerization of cofilin in cells represents one more mechanism for regulating the actin dynamizing activity of cofilin and probably underlies synaptic loss.
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46
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Singh BK, Sattler JM, Chatterjee M, Huttu J, Schüler H, Kursula I. Crystal structures explain functional differences in the two actin depolymerization factors of the malaria parasite. J Biol Chem 2012; 286:28256-64. [PMID: 21832095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.211730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites, such as the malaria-causing Plasmodium, utilize an actin-based motor for motility and host cell invasion. The actin filaments of these parasites are unusually short, and actin polymerization is under strict control of a small set of regulatory proteins, which are poorly conserved with their mammalian orthologs. Actin depolymerization factors (ADFs) are among the most important actin regulators, affecting the rates of filament turnover in a multifaceted manner. Plasmodium has two ADFs that display low sequence homology with each other and with the higher eukaryotic family members. Here, we show that ADF2, like canonical ADF proteins but unlike ADF1, binds to both globular and filamentous actin, severing filaments and inducing nucleotide exchange on the actin monomer. The crystal structure of Plasmodium ADF1 shows major differences from the ADF consensus, explaining the lack of F-actin binding. Plasmodium ADF2 structurally resembles the canonical members of the ADF/cofilin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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47
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The ADF/Cofilin-Pathway and Actin Dynamics in Podocyte Injury. Int J Cell Biol 2011; 2012:320531. [PMID: 22190940 PMCID: PMC3235464 DOI: 10.1155/2012/320531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ADF/cofilins are the major regulators of actin dynamics in mammalian cells. The activation of ADF/cofilins is controlled by a variety of regulatory mechanisms. Dysregulation of ADF/cofilin may result in loss of a precisely organized actin cytoskeletal architecture and can reduce podocyte migration and motility. Recent studies suggest that cofilin-1 can be regulated through several extracellular signals and slit diaphragm proteins. Cofilin knockdown and knockout animal models show dysfunction of glomerular barrier and filtration with foot process effacement and loss of secondary foot processes. This indicates that cofilin-1 is necessary for modulating actin dynamics in podocytes. Podocyte alterations in actin architecture may initiate or aid the progression of a large variety of glomerular diseases, and cofilin activity is required for reorganization of an intact filtration barrier. Since almost all proteinuric diseases result from a similar phenotype with effacement of the foot processes, we propose that cofilin-1 is at the centre stage of the development of proteinuria and thus may be an attractive drug target for antiproteinuric treatment strategies.
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Singh BK, Sattler JM, Chatterjee M, Huttu J, Schüler H, Kursula I. Crystal Structures Explain Functional Differences in the Two Actin Depolymerization Factors of the Malaria Parasite. J Biol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.211730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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49
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Spiering D, Hodgson L. Dynamics of the Rho-family small GTPases in actin regulation and motility. Cell Adh Migr 2011; 5:170-80. [PMID: 21178402 DOI: 10.4161/cam.5.2.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The p21 Rho-family of small GTPases are master regulators of actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Their functions have been well characterized in terms of their effects toward various actin-modulating protein targets. However, more recent studies have shown that the dynamics of Rho GTPase activities are highly complex and tightly regulated in order to achieve their specific subcellular localization. Furthermore, these localized effects are highly dynamic, often spanning the time-scale of seconds, making the interpretation of traditional biochemical approaches inadequate to fully decipher these rapid mechanisms in vivo. Here, we provide an overview of Rho family GTPase biology, and introduce state-of-the-art approaches to study the dynamics of these important signaling proteins that ultimately coordinate the actin cytoskeleton rearrangements during cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Spiering
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
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50
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Zhou Y, Yang Z, Guo G, Guo Y. Microfilament dynamics is required for root growth under alkaline stress in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 52:952-958. [PMID: 20977653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The microfilament (MF) cytoskeleton has crucial functions in plant development. Recent studies have revealed the function of MFs in diverse stress response. Alkaline stress is harmful to plant growth; however, it remains unclear whether the MFs play a role in alkaline stress. In the present study, we find that blocking MF assembly with latrunculin B (Lat B) leads to inhibition of plant root growth, and stabilization of MFs with phalloidin does not significantly affect plant root growth under normal conditions. In high external pH conditions, MF de-polymerization is induced and that associates with the reduction of root growth; phalloidin treatment partially rescues this reduction. Moreover, Lat B treatment further decreases the survival rate of seedlings growing in high external pH conditions. However, a high external pH (8.0) does not affect MF stability in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest that alkaline stress may trigger a signal that leads the dynamics of MFs and in turn regulates root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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