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Cai B, Guo Z, Yan Q, Li H, Song H, Gong Y, Long X. Clinical features and risk factors of primary Sjögren's syndrome complicated with severe pneumonia: a case-control study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1665-1674. [PMID: 38512512 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze clinical characteristics, risk factors, pathogen distribution, and prognostic markers in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients with severe pneumonia (SP) compared to those without severe pneumonia (NSP). METHODS This case-control study included 24 hospitalized pSS patients with SP and 96 NSP at the first affiliated hospital of Soochow university from June 2014 to May 2023. Data encompassing demographics, comorbidities, treatments, and laboratory results were retrospectively collected. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses, ROC curves, and statistical analyses using SPSS 23.0 assessed risk factors. The study retrospectively analyzed clinical features and risk factors, highlighting distinct parameters between pSS patients with and without SP. RESULTS Marked differences were observed in several parameters: pSS activity(P < 0.001), white blood cell (P = 0.043), lymphocyte (P < 0.001), neutrophils (P = 0.042), C-reactive protein (P = 0.042), and CD8+ T cell (P = 0.017). Notably, lymphocyte count and SS activity demonstrated robust discrimination ability (AUC > 0.85). C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, CD4+ T cell, and IgA showed significant associations with SP; higher CRP levels correlated with increased risk, while lower CD4+ T cell and IgA levels associated with increased risk. SS activity significantly impacted outcomes. Various biomarkers exhibited diverse discriminatory abilities but lacked strong predictive associations with outcomes. CONCLUSION pSS patients with SP exhibited higher disease activity and altered immune profiles compared to those NSP. Lymphocyte count and SS activity emerged as robust discriminators. Higher CRP levels correlated with increased risk of SP, while lower CD4+T cell and IgA levels associated with increased risk. SS activity significantly impacted patient outcomes. Key Points • pSS patients with SP exhibited higher disease activity and altered immune profiles compared to those NSP. • Lymphocyte count and SS activity emerged as robust discriminators. • Higher CRP levels correlated with increased risk of SP, while lower CD4+ T cell and IgA levels associated with decreased risk. • SS activity significantly impacted patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiliang Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xianming Long
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Wang P, Zhang L, Guo Q, Zhao L, Hao Y. Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide plus in patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: Efficacy and safety analysis. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230838. [PMID: 38025531 PMCID: PMC10656757 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The decision for definitive therapy for the treatment of patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is difficult. Patients with CTD-ILD received 0.5 g twice a day of mycophenolate mofetil for 2 years (MMF cohort, n = 105) or cyclophosphamide 50 mg once every other day, and the cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide should not exceed 10 g (CYC cohort, n = 140). After complete of treatment (EL), % forced vital capacity (FVC) and % diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide were increased in both the MMF and CYC cohorts as compared to before treatment (p < 0.001 for all). There were higher changes in % FVC values and a greater number of patients with significant change in % FVC (>10% change) in the CYC cohort than in the MMF cohort (p < 0.0001 for both) at EL. Patients in the CYC cohort had higher rates of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, serious adverse effects related to treatment(s), and death than those in the MMF cohort (p < 0.05 for all). Cyclophosphamide plus prednisolone superiorly improved % FVC compared to mycophenolate mofetil plus prednisolone. Mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide improved pulmonary function. Mycophenolate mofetil is less toxic and increased patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
| | - Lifen Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.99 of Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District,, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
| | - Yanyan Hao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.99 of Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District,, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
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Zhao Q, Chen Y, Huang W, Zhou H, Zhang W. Drug-microbiota interactions: an emerging priority for precision medicine. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:386. [PMID: 37806986 PMCID: PMC10560686 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual variability in drug response (IVDR) can be a major cause of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and prolonged therapy, resulting in a substantial health and economic burden. Despite extensive research in pharmacogenomics regarding the impact of individual genetic background on pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), genetic diversity explains only a limited proportion of IVDR. The role of gut microbiota, also known as the second genome, and its metabolites in modulating therapeutic outcomes in human diseases have been highlighted by recent studies. Consequently, the burgeoning field of pharmacomicrobiomics aims to explore the correlation between microbiota variation and IVDR or ADRs. This review presents an up-to-date overview of the intricate interactions between gut microbiota and classical therapeutic agents for human systemic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), endocrine diseases, and others. We summarise how microbiota, directly and indirectly, modify the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs. Conversely, drugs can also modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota, leading to changes in microbial metabolism and immune response. We also discuss the practical challenges, strategies, and opportunities in this field, emphasizing the critical need to develop an innovative approach to multi-omics, integrate various data types, including human and microbiota genomic data, as well as translate lab data into clinical practice. To sum up, pharmacomicrobiomics represents a promising avenue to address IVDR and improve patient outcomes, and further research in this field is imperative to unlock its full potential for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
- Central Laboratory of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, PR China.
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Pope JE. Reply to: Is classifying SSc-ILD drugs as either immunosuppressive or anti-fibrotic misleading? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:676. [PMID: 37605004 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Pope
- Division of Rheumatology, St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Wang QH, Chen LH. Treatment of refractory anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 anbibody-positive dermatomyositis complicated by rapidly progressing interstitial pulmonary disease: Two case reports. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5345-5351. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive (anti-MDA5 Ab+) dermatomyositis complicated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (anti-MDA5 Ab+ DM-RP-ILD) has an unclear underlying mechanism with no recommended unified treatment plan. Herein, one of the cases that we report (Case 2) was successfully treated with tocilizumab despite having lung infection.
CASE SUMMARY Case 1 was a 30-year-old woman who was admitted due to recurrent rash for 5 mo, fever and cough for 1 mo, and chest tightness for 3 d. She was diagnosed with non-myopathic dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5 Ab+) and interstitial pneumonia, and was treated with the combination of hormone therapy and cyclophosphamide followed by oral tacrolimus. Case 2 was a 31-year-old man admitted due to systemic rash accompanied by muscle weakness of limbs for more than 1 mo, and chest tightness and dry cough for 4 d. He was diagnosed with dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5 Ab+) and acute interstitial pneumonia with Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus fumigatus infections and was treated with hormone therapy (without cyclophosphamide) and the combination of tocilizumab and tacrolimus. The condition of both patients eventually improved and they were discharged and showed clinically stable condition at the latest follow-up.
CONCLUSION Tocilizumab could be a salvage treatment for patients with anti-MDA5 Ab+ DM-RP-ILD who are refractory to intensive immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Hong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Heng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Wang QH, Chen LH. Treatment of refractory anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 anbibody-positive dermatomyositis complicated by rapidly progressing interstitial pulmonary disease: Two case reports. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5351-5357. [PMID: 37621599 PMCID: PMC10445068 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive (anti-MDA5 Ab+) dermatomyositis complicated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (anti-MDA5 Ab+ DM-RP-ILD) has an unclear underlying mechanism with no recommended unified treatment plan. Herein, one of the cases that we report (Case 2) was successfully treated with tocilizumab despite having lung infection. CASE SUMMARY Case 1 was a 30-year-old woman who was admitted due to recurrent rash for 5 mo, fever and cough for 1 mo, and chest tightness for 3 d. She was diagnosed with non-myopathic dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5 Ab+) and interstitial pneumonia, and was treated with the combination of hormone therapy and cyclophosphamide followed by oral tacrolimus. Case 2 was a 31-year-old man admitted due to systemic rash accompanied by muscle weakness of limbs for more than 1 mo, and chest tightness and dry cough for 4 d. He was diagnosed with dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5 Ab+) and acute interstitial pneumonia with Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus fumigatus infections and was treated with hormone therapy (without cyclophosphamide) and the combination of tocilizumab and tacrolimus. The condition of both patients eventually improved and they were discharged and showed clinically stable condition at the latest follow-up. CONCLUSION Tocilizumab could be a salvage treatment for patients with anti-MDA5 Ab+ DM-RP-ILD who are refractory to intensive immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Hong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Heng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Khanna D, Krieger N, Sullivan KM. Improving outcomes in scleroderma: recent progress of cell-based therapies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:2060-2069. [PMID: 36355455 PMCID: PMC10234204 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma is a rare, potentially fatal, clinically heterogeneous, systemic autoimmune connective tissue disorder that is characterized by progressive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs, vasculopathy and immune dysregulation. The more severe form of the disease, diffuse cutaneous scleroderma (dcSSc), has no cure and limited treatment options. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation has emerged as a potentially disease-modifying treatment but faces challenges such as toxicity associated with fully myeloablative conditioning and recurrence of autoimmunity. Novel cell therapies-such as mesenchymal stem cells, chimeric antigen receptor-based therapy, tolerogenic dendritic cells and facilitating cells-that may restore self-tolerance with more favourable safety and tolerability profiles are being explored for the treatment of dcSSc and other autoimmune diseases. This narrative review examines these evolving cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Khanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nancy Krieger
- Talaris Therapeutics, Boston, MA and Louisville, KY, USA
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Abdoon ASS, Al-Atrash AME, Soliman SS, El-Sanea AM, Gamal El Din AA, Fahmy HM. Lyophilized equine platelet-rich plasma (L-GF equina) antagonize the Reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress Induced by Cyclophosphamide in female rats. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:84. [PMID: 37118826 PMCID: PMC10141944 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antineoplastic agent Cyclophosphamide (CP) induces reproductive toxicity. New strategies for protecting ovarian tissue damage in women with chemotherapy-induced reproductive toxicity are essential. This study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect of combined treatment with L-GFequina on CP-induced reproductive toxicity in the mature female rat. METHODOLOGY Forty mature female rats were assigned into four groups: First group, control: rats were intraperitoneally injected (IP) with 200 µl sterile saline solution on days 1 and 10; Group 2 (CP): were IP injected with 75 mg/kg on days 1 and 10 to induce POI); Group 3 (CP + L-GFequina): as in group 2 + IP injected with 200 µl rehydrated L-GFequina half-hour after CP injection on day 1 and 10); Group 4 (L-GFequina): rats were IP injected with 200 µl L-GFequina on day 1 and 10). Blood samples were collected for a complete blood picture and determinations of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. Animals were sacrificed on Day-21, and genitalia was dissected, weighed, and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological and morphometric evaluation. RESULTS On day 21 of the experiment, body weight, ovarian parameters (Ovarian weight, uterine weight, the number of ovarian follicles, and corpora lutea (CL) were determined, and histopathological changes, blood profile, as well as antioxidant activity assessment, were performed. CP significantly suppresses ovarian and uterine functions and increased MAD, NO levels, RBCs, hemoglobin, WBCs, and platelet count compared to the control group ( P < 0.05). While, in CP + L-GFequina group, gross, histomorphometry parameters, blood, and biochemical markers were similar to that in the control. IP injection of L-GFequina alone significantly (P < 0.05) increased body weight, and ovarian and uterine morphometry compared with the control. CONCLUSION co-administration of L-GFequina with CP might protect the reproductive organs in rats through its high antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sabry S Abdoon
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M E Al-Atrash
- Medical and Radio Protection Administration, Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham S Soliman
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amro M El-Sanea
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amina A Gamal El Din
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Fahmy
- Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wu Y, Li Y, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Liang X, Cheng L, Wu T, Wen J, Tan C, Liu Y. Proteomics: Potential techniques for discovering the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases-interstitial lung disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146904. [PMID: 37063894 PMCID: PMC10090492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most serious lung complications of connective tissue disease (CTD). The application of proteomics in the past decade has revealed that various proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of each subtype of CTD-ILD through different pathways, providing novel ideas to study pathological mechanisms and clinical biomarkers. On this basis, a multidimensional diagnosis or prediction model is established. This paper reviews the results of proteomic detection of different subtypes of CTD-ILD and discusses the role of some differentially expressed proteins in the development of pulmonary fibrosis and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuping Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyu Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyu Tan, ; Yi Liu,
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyu Tan, ; Yi Liu,
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Hoffmann T, Oelzner P, Teichgräber U, Franz M, Gaßler N, Kroegel C, Wolf G, Pfeil A. Diagnosing lung involvement in inflammatory rheumatic diseases-Where do we currently stand? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1101448. [PMID: 36714096 PMCID: PMC9874106 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung involvement is the most common and serious organ manifestation in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD). The type of pulmonary involvement can differ, but the most frequent is interstitial lung disease (ILD). The clinical manifestations of IRD-ILD and severity can vary from subclinical abnormality to dyspnea, respiratory failure, and death. Consequently, early detection is of significant importance. Pulmonary function test (PFT) including diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and forced vital capacity (FVC) as well as high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) are the standard tools for screening and monitoring of ILD in IRD-patients. Especially, the diagnostic accuracy of HRCT is considered to be high. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) allow both morphological and functional assessment of the lungs. In addition, biomarkers (e.g., KL-6, CCL2, or MUC5B) are being currently evaluated for the detection and prognostic assessment of ILD. Despite the accuracy of HRCT, invasive diagnostic methods such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung biopsy are still important in clinical practice. However, their therapeutic and prognostic relevance remains unclear. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the individual methods and to present their respective advantages and disadvantages in detecting and monitoring ILD in IRD-patients in the clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: Tobias Hoffmann,
| | - Peter Oelzner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulf Teichgräber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Department of Pathology, Jena University Hospital–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Claus Kroegel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gunter Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeil
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Qiao X, Ding Y, Wu D, Zhang A, Yin Y, Wang Q, Wang W, Kang J. The roles of long noncoding RNA-mediated macrophage polarization in respiratory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1110774. [PMID: 36685535 PMCID: PMC9849253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an essential role in maintaining the normal function of the innate and adaptive immune responses during host defence. Macrophages acquire diverse functional phenotypes in response to various microenvironmental stimuli, and are mainly classified into classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Macrophage polarization participates in the inflammatory, fibrotic, and oncogenic processes of diverse respiratory diseases by changing phenotype and function. In recent decades, with the advent of broad-range profiling methods such as microarrays and next-generation sequencing, the discovery of RNA transcripts that do not encode proteins termed "noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs)" has become more easily accessible. As one major member of the regulatory ncRNA family, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs, transcripts >200 nucleotides) participate in multiple pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and vary with different stimulants and cell types. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs account for the regulation of macrophage polarization and subsequent effects on respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current published literature from the PubMed database concerning lncRNAs relevant to macrophage polarization and the underlying molecular mechanisms during the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases. These differentially expressed lncRNAs are expected to be biomarkers and targets for the therapeutic regulation of macrophage polarization during disease development.
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Xiong J, Ding B, Zhu W, Xu L, Yu S. Exosomes from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats. Int Heart J 2023; 64:935-944. [PMID: 37778997 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A certain dosage of cyclophosphamide (CYP) in clinical applications contributes to severe cardiotoxicity. Herein, this study explored the impact of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (AdMSC)-exosomes (Exos) on CYP-induced cardiotoxicity.AdMSCs and AdMSCs-Exos were isolated and identified. CYP was utilized for developing a cardiotoxicity rat model, after which blood was collected and then the serum contents of cardiac injury-related indexes (creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Oxidative stress (OS)-related indicators were measured with the corresponding kits. Myocardial pathological changes and collagen fibrosis were tested with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining, and apoptosis-related and autophagy-related proteins in rat cardiac tissues with immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays, respectively.AdMSCs and AdMSCs-Exos were successfully isolated. AdMSCs-Exos could target rat hearts. AdMSCs-Exos improved cardiac function and diminished the content of the cardiac injury-related indexes in CYP rats. In addition, AdMSCs-Exos reduced CYP-induced cardiac fibrosis, OS, apoptosis, and autophagy in rats.AdMSCs-Exos alleviated CYP-induced cardiotoxicity in rats via the repression of OS, apoptosis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiong
- Department of General Medicine, Fuzhou First People's Hospital
| | - Binjun Ding
- Department of General Medicine, Fuzhou First People's Hospital
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuzhou First People's Hospital
| | - Lanlan Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Fuzhou First People's Hospital
| | - Songping Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital
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Yin X, Zhao S, Xiang N, Chen J, Xu J, Zhang Y. Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines combined with cyclophosphamide for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1064578. [PMID: 36909152 PMCID: PMC9995361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1064578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX) for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) by performing a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched RCTs of Chinese herbal medicines therapy for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease in ten databases. Methodological quality assessment was performed by the Cochrane collaboration tool. RevMan v5.3 and Stata v14.0 software were used for performing data analysis. This study was conducted and reported following the PRISMA checklist. Results: Overall, seven RCTs with 506 participants were included for this analysis. Current data indicated that Chinese herbal medicines combined with cyclophosphamide contributed to a betterment in improving the clinical efficacy rate of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease [risk ratio (RR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.09, 1.35), p = 0.0003], tended to benefit improvement of lung function, which included VC [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 9.49, 95% CI: (5.54, 13.45), p < 0.00001], FVC [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.83, 95% CI: (0.36, 1.29), p = 0.0005], FEV1 [SMD = 0.54, 95% CI: (0.23, 0.86), p = 0.0008], TLC [SMD = 0.90, 95% CI: (0.68, 1.13), p < 0.00001], DLCO [SMD = 1.05, 95% CI: (0.38, 1.73), p = 0.002], and MVV [SMD = 0.83, 95% CI: (0.50, 1.17), p < 0.00001], and it also could significantly reduce the HRCT integral of lungs [SMD = -2.02, 95% CI: (-3.14, -0.91), p = 0.0004] and the level of ESR [WMD = -13.33, 95% CI: (-18.58, -8.09), p < 0.00001]. Furthermore, there was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse events (AEs), which indicate that Chinese herbal medicines combined with cyclophosphamide is safe and does not increase adverse events compared with cyclophosphamide alone. Conclusion: Our analysis indicates that Chinese herbal medicines combined with cyclophosphamide may be a more effective strategy on the treatment of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease in the clinic. Because it included studies with relatively small sample size, the results need to be confirmed by more well-designed and large-scale RCTs. Systematic Review Registration: https://10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xietian Yin
- College of the First Clinical, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Rheumatism Immunology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
| | - Shichao Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- College of the First Clinical, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jidong Chen
- College of the First Clinical, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of the First Clinical, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
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Farrell J, Ho L. Management of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Focus on the Role of the Pharmacist. INTEGRATED PHARMACY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 12:101-112. [PMID: 37163188 PMCID: PMC10164394 DOI: 10.2147/iprp.s399518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc), which becomes fibrosing and progressive in some patients. Regular monitoring of patients with SSc-ILD is important to assess progression and inform treatment decisions. Therapy for SSc-ILD may include immunomodulatory and antifibrotic therapies. Therapeutic decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis, ideally following multidisciplinary discussion. Most patients with SSc-ILD have several organ manifestations of SSc or comorbidities and are taking a complex medication regimen. Patients with SSc are particularly susceptible to gastrointestinal side-effects of medications due to the gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease. Pharmacists play an important role in the management of patients with SSc-ILD by assisting patients with access to medications, optimizing medication regimens, and advising on alternative dosage forms. Pharmacists can also contribute to patient education to help patients better understand their treatment and how to prevent and manage potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Farrell
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and Albany Medical Center Division of Rheumatology, Albany, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Jessica Farrell, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and Albany Medical Center Division of Rheumatology, Albany, NY, USA, Email
| | - Lawrence Ho
- Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Chêne C, Rongvaux-Gaïda D, Thomas M, Rieger F, Nicco C, Batteux F. Optimal combination of arsenic trioxide and copper ions to prevent autoimmunity in a murine HOCl-induced model of systemic sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149869. [PMID: 37063915 PMCID: PMC10097895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease characterized by diffuse fibrosis of the skin and internal organs and vascular abnormalities. The etiology and physiopathology are complex due to the heterogeneity of its overall clinical presentation. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been proven to be effective against SSc, sclerodermatous Graft-versus-Host Disease, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease or systemic lupus erythematosus animal models and has demonstrated promising effects in human clinical trials. Its efficacy was shown to be related at least in part to the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and the selective deletion of activated immune cells and fibroblasts. However, ATO can induce some adverse effects that must be considered, especially when used for the treatment of a chronic disease. Methods We evaluate here, in vitro and in a mouse model of SSc, the improved efficacy of ATO when associated with a Fenton-like divalent cation, namely copper chloride (CuCl2), also known to trigger the production of ROS. Results In preliminary experiments in vitro, ATO 1 µM + CuCl2 0.5 µM increased ROS production and increased apoptosis of NIH 3T3 murine fibroblasts compared to 1 µM ATO alone. In vivo, in the HOCl-induced mouse model of SSc, co-treatment with ATO 2.5 μg/g + CuCl2 0.5 μg/g significantly alleviated clinical signs such as the thickening of the skin (p<0.01) and cutaneous fibrosis, in a manner equivalent to treatment with ATO 5 µg/g. Our results provide evidence that co-treatment with ATO 2.5 μg/g + CuCl2 0.5 μg/g decreases the number of B cells and the activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes. The co-treatment substantially blocks the NRF2 signaling pathway, increases H2O2 production and results in the improvement of the health status of mice with experimental SSc. Conclusion In conclusion, copper combined with ATO treatment halved the concentration of ATO needed to obtain the same effect as a high dose of ATO alone for the treatment of SSc mice. The strategy of using lower doses of drugs with different mechanisms of action in combination has many potential advantages, the first being to lessen the potential side effects induced by ATO, a drug with side effects quickly increased with dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Chêne
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Département 3I “Infection, Immunité Et Inflammation”, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- R&D Department, MEDSENIC SAS, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Marine Thomas
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Département 3I “Infection, Immunité Et Inflammation”, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Carole Nicco
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Département 3I “Infection, Immunité Et Inflammation”, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Batteux, ; Carole Nicco,
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Département 3I “Infection, Immunité Et Inflammation”, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service d’immunologie Biologique, AP-HP-Centre Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Cité, Faculté De Médecine, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Batteux, ; Carole Nicco,
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Nasonov EL, Ananyeva LP, Avdeev SN. Interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: A multidisciplinary problem in rheumatology and pulmonology. RHEUMATOLOGY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.47360/1995-4484-2022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRDs) characterized by chronic erosive arthritis and systemic damage to internal organs, leading to early disability and reduced life expectancy in patients. A particularly important place among the systemic manifestations of RA is occupied by interstitial lung diseases (ILD) – the most severe form of pulmonary pathology in RA, defined as RA-ILD, which is pathogenetically associated with risk factors (smoking, etc.) and autoimmune mechanisms underlying RA. RA-ILD is a subtype of RA characterized by a severe course and a poor prognosis и неблагоприятным прогнозом. The review presents new data regarding risk factors and biomarkers for RA-ILD; modern diagnostic capabilities based on the use of functional lung tests, high-resolution computed tomography, ultrasound examination of the lungs. Particular attention is paid to the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy, including methotrexate, biologics, JAK inhibitors, and antifibrotic therapy. An algorithm for the pharmacotherapy of RA-ILD has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Nasonov
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | | | - S. N. Avdeev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
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Mena-Vázquez N, Rojas-Gimenez M, Fuego-Varela C, García-Studer A, Perez-Gómez N, Romero-Barco CM, Godoy-Navarrete FJ, Manrique-Arija S, Gandía-Martínez M, Calvo-Gutiérrez J, Morales-Garrido P, Mouriño-Rodriguez C, Castro-Pérez P, Añón-Oñate I, Espildora F, Aguilar-Hurtado MC, Hidalgo Conde A, Arnedo Díez de los Ríos R, Cabrera César E, Redondo-Rodriguez R, Velloso-Feijoo ML, Fernández-Nebro A. Safety and Effectiveness of Abatacept in a Prospective Cohort of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071480. [PMID: 35884786 PMCID: PMC9313094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy profile of abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). Methods: We performed a prospective observational multicenter study of a cohort of patients with RA-ILD treated with abatacept between 2015 and 2021. Patients were evaluated using high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests at initiation, 12 months, and the end of follow-up. The effectiveness of abatacept was evaluated based on whether ILD improved, stabilized, progressed, or was fatal. We also evaluated factors such as infection, hospitalization, and inflammatory activity using the 28-joint Disease Activity Score with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with progression of lung disease. Results: The study population comprised 57 patients with RA-ILD treated with abatacept for a median (IQR) of 27.3 (12.2–42.8) months. Lung disease had progressed before starting abatacept in 45.6% of patients. At the end of follow-up, lung disease had improved or stabilized in 41 patients (71.9%) and worsened in 13 (22.8%); 3 patients (5.3%) died. No significant decreases were observed in forced vital capacity (FVC) or in the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO).The factors associated with progression of RA-ILD were baseline DAS28-ESR (OR [95% CI], 2.52 [1.03–3.12]; p = 0.041), FVC (OR [95% CI], 0.82 [0.70–0.96]; p = 0.019), and DLCO (OR [95% CI], 0.83 [0.72–0.96]; p = 0.018). Only 10.5% of patients experienced severe adverse effects. Conclusion: Pulmonary function and joint inflammation stabilized in 71% of patients with RA-ILD treated with abatacept. Abatacept had a favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mena-Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.M.R.-B.); (S.M.-A.); (R.R.-R.); (A.F.-N.)
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Rojas-Gimenez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordova, Spain; (M.R.-G.); (J.C.-G.)
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Cordova, Spain
| | - Clara Fuego-Varela
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Jerez, 11407 Cadiz, Spain; (C.F.-V.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Aimara García-Studer
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.M.R.-B.); (S.M.-A.); (R.R.-R.); (A.F.-N.)
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Malaga, Spain
| | - Nair Perez-Gómez
- UGC de Reumatología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36214 Vigo, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.M.-R.)
| | - Carmen María Romero-Barco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.M.R.-B.); (S.M.-A.); (R.R.-R.); (A.F.-N.)
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Sara Manrique-Arija
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.M.R.-B.); (S.M.-A.); (R.R.-R.); (A.F.-N.)
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Malaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Myriam Gandía-Martínez
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Jerez, 11407 Cadiz, Spain; (C.F.-V.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Jerusalem Calvo-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordova, Spain; (M.R.-G.); (J.C.-G.)
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Cordova, Spain
| | - Pilar Morales-Garrido
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Coral Mouriño-Rodriguez
- UGC de Reumatología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36214 Vigo, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.M.-R.)
| | | | - Isabel Añón-Oñate
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, 23007 Jaen, Spain; (F.J.G.-N.); (I.A.-O.)
| | - Francisco Espildora
- UGC de Neumología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Malaga, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Hidalgo Conde
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.H.C.); (R.A.D.d.l.R.)
| | - Rocío Arnedo Díez de los Ríos
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.H.C.); (R.A.D.d.l.R.)
| | - Eva Cabrera César
- UGC Neumología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Rocío Redondo-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.M.R.-B.); (S.M.-A.); (R.R.-R.); (A.F.-N.)
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Fernández-Nebro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.M.R.-B.); (S.M.-A.); (R.R.-R.); (A.F.-N.)
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Malaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
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Chen TS, Lai MC, Huang HYI, Wu SN, Huang CW. Immunity, Ion Channels and Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126446. [PMID: 35742889 PMCID: PMC9224225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder in modern society. One of the major unmet challenges is that current antiseizure medications are basically not disease-modifying. Among the multifaceted etiologies of epilepsy, the role of the immune system has attracted considerable attention in recent years. It is known that both innate and adaptive immunity can be activated in response to insults to the central nervous system, leading to seizures. Moreover, the interaction between ion channels, which have a well-established role in epileptogenesis and epilepsy, and the immune system is complex and is being actively investigated. Some examples, including the interaction between ion channels and mTOR pathways, will be discussed in this paper. Furthermore, there has been substantial progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology of epilepsy associated with autoimmune encephalitis, and numerous neural-specific autoantibodies have been found and documented. Early recognition of immune-mediated epilepsy is important, especially in cases of pharmacoresistant epilepsy and in the presence of signs of autoimmune encephalitis, as early intervention with immunotherapy shows promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsang-Shan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tainan Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan 701002, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Chi Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
| | | | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5485)
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Revisited Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8345737. [PMID: 35707391 PMCID: PMC9192236 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8345737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenesis of LN is complex, and the majority causes of LN are the renal deposition of circulating or/and in situ-formed immune complexes. These immune complexes trigger glomerular and tubulointerstitial inflammation, which finally leads to proteinuria and loss of renal function. Despite the emergence of new biological agents, cyclophosphamide (CY), an alkylating agent, is still the first-line drug widely used to treat patients with severe LN. In this review, we outline the application history, molecular structure, and pharmacokinetics of CY in the treatment of LN. We also detail its latest known immunopharmacological mechanisms, with a focus on supplemental regulation and inhibition of CD4 and CD8 positive T cells, differences in the use of various guidelines, and the combination with other drugs. The side effects of CY are also mentioned in this review.
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Yang H, Choi K, Kim KJ, Park SY, Jeon JY, Kim BG, Kim JY. Immunoenhancing Effects of Euglena gracilis on a Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressive Mouse Model. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:228-237. [PMID: 35001010 PMCID: PMC9628845 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2112.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the immune stimulator Euglena gracilis (Euglena) in cyclophosphamide (CCP)-induced immunocompromised mice were assessed. The key component β-1,3-glucan (paramylon) constitutes 50% of E. gracilis. Mice were orally administered Euglena powder (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (B.W.)) or β-glucan powder (250 mg/kg B.W.) for 19 days. In a preliminary immunology experiment, ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg of CCP/kg B.W. during the final 3 consecutive days. In the main experiment, BALB/c mice were treated with CCP for the final 5 days. To evaluate the enhancing effects of Euglena on the immune system, mouse B.W., the spleen index, natural killer (NK) cell activity and mRNA expression in splenocytes lungs and livers were determined. To detect cytokine and receptor expression, splenocytes were treated with 5 μg/ml concanavalin A or 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide. The B.W. and spleen index were significantly increased and NK cell activity was slightly enhanced in all the experimental groups compared to the CCP group. In splenocytes, the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and IL-12 receptor were increased in the E. gracilis and β-glucan groups compared to the CCP group, but there was no significant difference. Treatment with 500mg of Euglena/kg B.W. significantly upregulated dectin-1 mRNA expression in the lung and liver compared to the CCP group. These results suggest that Euglena may enhance the immune system by strengthening innate immunity through immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonji Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanyong Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-yeon Park
- Lab of Nanobio, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jeon
- BIO R&D center, Daesang Corp., Icheon 17384, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gon Kim
- BIO R&D center, Daesang Corp., Icheon 17384, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea,Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-970-6740 E-mail:
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Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in Autoimmune Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040927. [PMID: 35207203 PMCID: PMC8879100 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) in connective tissue disease associated with interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). METHODS We performed a multicenter, prospective, observational study of patients with CTD-ILD receiving rituximab between 2015 and 2020. The patients were assessed using high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests at baseline, at 12 months, and at the end of follow-up. The main outcome measure at the end of follow-up was forced vital capacity (FVC) > 10% or diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) > 15% and radiological progression or death. We recorded clinical characteristics, time to initiation of RTX, concomitant treatment, infections, and hospitalization. A Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with worsening ILD. RESULTS We included 37 patients with CTD-ILD treated with RTX for a median (IQR) of 38.2 (17.7-69.0) months. At the end of the follow-up, disease had improved or stabilized in 23 patients (62.1%) and worsened in seven (18.9%); seven patients (18.9%) died. No significant decline was observed in median FVC (72.2 vs. 70.8; p = 0.530) or DLCO (55.9 vs. 52.2; p = 0.100). The multivariate analysis showed the independent predictors for worsening of CTD-ILD to be baseline DLCO (OR (95% CI), 0.904 (0.8-0.9); p = 0.015), time to initiation of RTX (1.01 (1.001-1.02); p = 0.029), and mycophenolate (0.202 (0.04-0.8); p = 0.034). Only 28 of the 37 patients (75.6%) were still undergoing treatment with RTX: two patients (5.4%) stopped treatment due to adverse events and seven patients (18.9%) died owing to progression of ILD and superinfection. CONCLUSION Lung function improved or stabilized in more than half of patients with CTD-ILD treated with RTX. Early treatment and combination with mycophenolate could reduce the risk of progression of ILD.
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22
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Yu KH, Chen HH, Cheng TT, Jan YJ, Weng MY, Lin YJ, Chen HA, Cheng JT, Huang KY, Li KJ, Su YJ, Leong PY, Tsai WC, Lan JL, Chen DY. Consensus recommendations on managing the selected comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28501. [PMID: 35029907 PMCID: PMC8735742 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis (OP), and interstitial lung disease (ILD), are sub-optimally managed. RA-related comorbidities affect disease control and lead to impairment in quality of life. We aimed to develop consensus recommendations for managing RA-related comorbidities. METHODS The consensus statements were formulated based on emerging evidence during a face-to-face meeting of Taiwan rheumatology experts and modified through three-round Delphi exercises. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendation of each statement were graded after a literature review, followed by voting for agreement. Through a review of English-language literature, we focused on the existing evidence of management of RA-related comorbidities. RESULTS Based on experts' consensus, eleven recommendations were developed. CVD risk should be assessed in patients at RA diagnosis, once every 5 years, and at changes in DMARDs therapy. Considering the detrimental effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids on CVD risks, we recommend using the lowest possible dose of corticosteroids and prescribing NSAIDs cautiously. The OP/fragility fracture risk assessment includes dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and fracture risk assessment (FRAX) in RA. The FRAX-based approach with intervention threshold is a useful strategy for managing OP. RA-ILD assessment includes risk factors, pulmonary function tests, HRCT imaging and a multidisciplinary decision approach to determine RA-ILD severity. A treat-to-target strategy would limit RA-related comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS These consensus statements emphasize that adequate control of disease activity and the risk factors are needed for managing RA-related comorbidities, and may provide useful recommendations for rheumatologists on managing RA-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hui Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chang Gung University and Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedicine Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Tsai Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chang Gung University and Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Jian Jan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chang Gung University and Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Weng
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital
| | - Yeong-Jang Lin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-An Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tseng Cheng
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yung Huang
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jih Su
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Pui-Ying Leong
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chan Tsai
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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van den Bosch L, Luppi F, Ferrara G, Mura M. Immunomodulatory treatment of interstitial lung disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2022; 16:17534666221117002. [PMID: 35938712 PMCID: PMC9364223 DOI: 10.1177/17534666221117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have an array of immunomodulatory treatment options compared with IPF, due to their inflammatory component. However, there is a relative paucity of guidance on the management of this heterogeneous group of diseases. In ILDs other than IPF, immunosuppression is the cornerstone of therapy, with varying levels of evidence for different immunomodulatory agents and for each specific ILD. Classification of ILDs is important for guiding treatment decisions. Immunomodulatory agents mainly include corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and rituximab. In this review, the available evidence for single agents in the most common ILDs is first discussed. We then reviewed practical therapeutic approaches in connective tissue disease-related ILD and interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features, scleroderma-related ILD, vasculitis and dermatomyositis with hypoxemic respiratory failure, idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis sarcoidosis, fibrosing organizing pneumonia and eosinophilic pneumonia. The treatment of acute exacerbations of ILD is also discussed. Therapy augmentation in ILD is dictated by the recognition of progression of disease. Criteria for the evaluation of progression of disease are then discussed. Finally, specific protocol and measures to increase patients' safety are reviewed as well, including general monitoring and serologic surveillance, Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis, patients' education, genetic testing for azathioprine, MMF serum levels and cyclophosphamide administration protocols. Immunomodulatory therapies are largely successful in the management of ILDs and can be safely managed with the application of specific protocols, precautions and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Luppi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Respiratory Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ferrara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marco Mura
- London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioners Road East, Room E6-203, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
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24
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Chen J, Chen L, Wu Y, Fang Y, Zeng F, Wu S, Zhao Y. A H 2O 2-activatable nanoprobe for diagnosing interstitial cystitis and liver ischemia-reperfusion injury via multispectral optoacoustic tomography and NIR-II fluorescent imaging. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6870. [PMID: 34824274 PMCID: PMC8617030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing high-quality NIR-II fluorophores (emission in 1000-1700 nm) for in vivo imaging is of great significance. Benzothiadiazole-core fluorophores are an important class of NIR-II dyes, yet ongoing limitations such as aggregation-caused quenching in aqueous milieu and non-activatable response are still major obstacles for their biological applications. Here, we devise an activatable nanoprobe to address these limitations. A molecular probe named BTPE-NO2 is synthesized by linking a benzothiadiazole core with two tetraphenylene groups serving as hydrophobic molecular rotors, followed by incorporating two nitrophenyloxoacetamide units at both ends of the core as recognition moieties and fluorescence quenchers. An FDA-approved amphiphilic polymer Pluronic F127 is then employed to encapsulate the molecular BTPE-NO2 to render the nanoprobe BTPE-NO2@F127. The pathological levels of H2O2 in the disease sites cleave the nitrophenyloxoacetamide groups and activate the probe, thereby generating strong fluorescent emission (950~1200 nm) and ultrasound signal for multi-mode imaging of inflammatory diseases. The nanoprobe can therefore function as a robust tool for detecting and imaging the disease sites with NIR-II fluorescent and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging. Moreover, the three-dimensional MSOT images can be obtained for visualizing and locating the disease foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Longqi Chen
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Yinglong Wu
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
| | - Yichang Fang
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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25
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Lin SN, Mao R, Qian C, Bettenworth D, Wang J, Li J, Bruining D, Jairath V, Feagan B, Chen M, Rieder F. Development of Anti-fibrotic Therapy in Stricturing Crohn's Disease: Lessons from Randomized Trials in Other Fibrotic Diseases. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:605-652. [PMID: 34569264 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is considered an inevitable complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that results in symptoms of obstruction and stricture formation. Endoscopic or surgical treatment is required to treat the majority of patients. Progress in the management of stricturing CD is hampered by the lack of effective anti-fibrotic therapy; however, this situation is likely to change because of recent advances in other fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver and skin. In this review, we summarized data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of anti-fibrotic therapies in these conditions. Multiple compounds have been tested for the anti-fibrotic effects in other organs. According to their mechanisms, they were categorized into growth factor modulators, inflammation modulators, 5-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, intracellular enzymes and kinases, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) modulators and others. From our review of the results from the clinical trials and discussion of their implications in the gastrointestinal tract, we have identified several molecular candidates that could serve as potential therapies for intestinal fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Chenchen Qian
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bruining
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Feagan
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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26
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van Gemert JP, van den Berk IAH, Nossent EJ, Heunks LMA, Jonkers RE, Vlaar AP, Bonta PI. Cyclophosphamide for interstitial lung disease-associated acute respiratory failure: mortality, clinical response and radiological characteristics. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:249. [PMID: 34320981 PMCID: PMC8316896 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment for interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) is challenging, and literature to guide such treatment is scarce. The reported in-hospital mortality rates of ILD patients with ARF are high (62–66%). Cyclophosphamide is considered a second-line treatment in steroid-refractory ILD-associated ARF. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the in-hospital mortality in patients with ILD-associated ARF treated with cyclophosphamide. The second aim was to compare computed tomographic (CT) patterns and physiological and ventilator parameters between survivors and non-survivors. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with ILD-associated ARF treated with cyclophosphamide between February 2016 and October 2017. Patients were categorized into three subgroups: connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated ILD, other ILD or vasculitis. In-hospital mortality was evaluated in the whole cohort and in these subgroups. Clinical response was determined using physiological and ventilator parameters: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (SOFA), PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) before and after cyclophosphamide treatment. The following CT features were quantified: ground-glass opacification (GGO) proportion, reticulation proportion, overall extent of parenchymal disease and fibrosis coarseness score. Results Fifteen patients were included. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 40%. In-hospital mortality rates for CTD-associated ILD, other ILD and vasculitis were 20, 57, and 33%, respectively. The GGO proportion (71% vs 45%) was higher in non-survivors. There were no significant differences in the SOFA score, P/F ratio or Cdyn between survivors and non-survivors. However, in survivors the P/F ratio increased from 129 to 220 mmHg and Cdyn from 75 to 92 mL/cmH2O 3 days after cyclophosphamide treatment. In non-survivors the P/F ratio hardly changed (113–114 mmHg) and Cdyn even decreased (27–20 mL/cmH2O). Conclusion In this study, we found a mortality rate of 40% in patients treated with cyclophosphamide for ILD-associated ARF. Connective tissue disease-associated ILD and vasculitis were associated with a lower risk of death. In non-survivors, the CT GGO proportion was significantly higher. The P/F ratio and Cdyn in survivors increased after 3 days of cyclophosphamide treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01615-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna P van Gemert
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, HP BB72, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Inge A H van den Berk
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J Nossent
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo M A Heunks
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene E Jonkers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter I Bonta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Shao T, Shi X, Yang S, Zhang W, Li X, Shu J, Alqalyoobi S, Zeki AA, Leung PS, Shuai Z. Interstitial Lung Disease in Connective Tissue Disease: A Common Lesion With Heterogeneous Mechanisms and Treatment Considerations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684699. [PMID: 34163483 PMCID: PMC8215654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue disease (CTD) related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of CTD. Clinically, CTD-ILD is highly heterogenous and involves rheumatic immunity and multiple manifestations of respiratory complications affecting the airways, vessels, lung parenchyma, pleura, and respiratory muscles. The major pathological features of CTD are chronic inflammation of blood vessels and connective tissues, which can affect any organ leading to multi-system damage. The human lung is particularly vulnerable to such damage because anatomically it is abundant with collagen and blood vessels. The complex etiology of CTD-ILD includes genetic risks, epigenetic changes, and dysregulated immunity, which interact leading to disease under various ill-defined environmental triggers. CTD-ILD exhibits a broad spectra of clinical manifestations: from asymptomatic to severe dyspnea; from single-organ respiratory system involvement to multi-organ involvement. The disease course is also featured by remissions and relapses. It can range from stability or slow progression over several years to rapid deterioration. It can also present clinically as highly progressive from the initial onset of disease. Currently, the diagnosis of CTD-ILD is primarily based on distinct pathology subtype(s), imaging, as well as related CTD and autoantibodies profiles. Meticulous comprehensive clinical and laboratory assessment to improve the diagnostic process and management strategies are much needed. In this review, we focus on examining the pathogenesis of CTD-ILD with respect to genetics, environmental factors, and immunological factors. We also discuss the current state of knowledge and elaborate on the clinical characteristics of CTD-ILD, distinct pathohistological subtypes, imaging features, and related autoantibodies. Furthermore, we comment on the identification of high-risk patients and address how to stratify patients for precision medicine management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihong Shao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanpeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Yijishan Hospital) of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingwei Shu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi
- Internal Medicine - Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- University of California (U.C.), Davis, Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, U.C. Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Patrick S. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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28
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Brahmer JR, Abu-Sbeih H, Ascierto PA, Brufsky J, Cappelli LC, Cortazar FB, Gerber DE, Hamad L, Hansen E, Johnson DB, Lacouture ME, Masters GA, Naidoo J, Nanni M, Perales MA, Puzanov I, Santomasso BD, Shanbhag SP, Sharma R, Skondra D, Sosman JA, Turner M, Ernstoff MS. Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002435. [PMID: 34172516 PMCID: PMC8237720 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the standard of care for the treatment of several cancers. While these immunotherapies have improved patient outcomes in many clinical settings, they bring accompanying risks of toxicity, specifically immune-related adverse events (irAEs). There is a need for clear, effective guidelines for the management of irAEs during ICI treatment, motivating the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) to convene an expert panel to develop a clinical practice guideline. The panel discussed the recognition and management of single and combination ICI irAEs and ultimately developed evidence- and consensus-based recommendations to assist medical professionals in clinical decision-making and to improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Brahmer
- Department of Oncology and the Thoracic Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hamzah Abu-Sbeih
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Unit of Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, National Tumour Institute IRCCS Fondazione 'G. Pascale', Napoli, Italy
| | - Jill Brufsky
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura C Cappelli
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank B Cortazar
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- New York Nephrology Vasculitis and Glomerular Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - David E Gerber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lamya Hamad
- Department of Pharmacy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Eric Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mario E Lacouture
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregory A Masters
- Department of Medicine, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jarushka Naidoo
- Department of Oncology and the Thoracic Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Beaumont Hospital Dublin, The Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michele Nanni
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Bianca D Santomasso
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Satish P Shanbhag
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Specialist of North Florida, Fleming Island, Florida, USA
| | - Rajeev Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Dimitra Skondra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sosman
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michelle Turner
- Department of Oncology and the Thoracic Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc S Ernstoff
- Division of Cancer Treatment & Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Chen X, Wang F, Huang Z, Wu Y, Geng J, Wang Y. Clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for pulmonary diseases: An Update and Concise Review. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2849-2870. [PMID: 34220313 PMCID: PMC8241779 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. For many disease conditions, no effective and curative treatment options are available. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is one of the cutting-edge topics in medical research today. It offers a novel and promising therapeutic option for various acute and chronic lung diseases due to its potent and broad-ranging immunomodulatory activities, bacterial clearance, tissue regeneration, and proangiogenic and antifibrotic properties, which rely on both cell-to-cell contact and paracrine mechanisms. This review covers the sources and therapeutic potential of MSCs. In particular, a total of 110 MSC-based clinical applications, either completed clinical trials with safety and early efficacy results reported or ongoing worldwide clinical trials of pulmonary diseases, are systematically summarized following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, including acute/viral pulmonary disease, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), interstitial lung diseases (ILD), chronic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and lung cancer. The results of recent clinical studies suggest that MSCs are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung diseases. Nevertheless, large-scale clinical trials and evaluation of long-term effects are necessary in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Unicell Life Science Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
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Yılmaz DD, Borekci S, Musellim B. Comparison of the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide and rituximab treatment in patients with systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung diseases: a retrospective, observational cohort study. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:4071-4079. [PMID: 34056665 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide and rituximab in the treatment of patients with systemic sclerosis with pulmonary involvement (SSc-ILD). METHODS Symptoms and the respiratory function parameters of 34 patients receiving cyclophosphamide and 27 patients receiving rituximab for at least 24 months between 1996 and 2018 were compared. RESULTS It was observed that symptoms including cough, Raynaud's phenomenon, digital ulceration, diarrhea, and dysphagia, but not dyspnea, recovered statistically significantly more in the rituximab group (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, p = 0.006, p = 0.005, and p < 0.001, respectively; for dyspnea p = 0.11). When differences in FVC and FVC% values were compared with baseline, it was found that there was a statistically significant increase in FVC (mL) (p = 0.02) and FVC% (p = 0.002) values after 12 months of treatment in patients receiving cyclophosphamide compared with those receiving rituximab. When differences in DLCO and DLCO% values from baseline were compared, a statistically significant increase was seen in DLCO values after 15 and 24 months (p = 0.003 and p = 0.048, respectively) of treatment, also in DLCO% values after 15 and 18 months (p = 0.008 and p = 0.01, respectively) of treatment in patients receiving rituximab compared with those receiving cyclophosphamide. CONCLUSION It was observed that both cyclophosphamide and rituximab treatments were effective in controlling dyspnea and worsened pulmonary function in SSc-ILD. The effect of cyclophosphamide is more prominent on FVC and rituximab is more effective on DLCO. Key Points • Both cyclophosphamide and rituximab treatments were effective in controlling dyspnea and worsened pulmonary function in SSc-ILD. • The effect of cyclophosphamide is more prominent on FVC and rituximab is more effective on DLCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Demir Yılmaz
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sermin Borekci
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benan Musellim
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zhu X, Lu S, Zhu L, Yu M, Wei T, Zhu X, Chen D, Chen C. CXCR2 May Serve as a Useful Index of Disease Activity in Interstitial Lung Disease Associated With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:640779. [PMID: 34055876 PMCID: PMC8155469 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.640779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by typical autoantibody production and lymphocytic-mediated exocrine gland damage. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of pSS and can be associated with a poor prognosis. However, the pathogenesis of ILD in pSS is still unclear. Methods: In this study, we used RNA sequencing to investigate the gene-expression profile of the minor salivary glands (MSGs) from 36 patients with ILD-pSS and 128 patients with non-ILD-pSS. Results: In the remarkably enriched chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), a receptor for interleukin-8, which participates in the activation of neutrophils, was found to be significantly elevated in both MSG and plasma from pSS patients with vs. without ILD (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the CXCR2 expression level in MSG and plasma was significantly associated with the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome disease Activity Index in ILD-pSS. Conclusion: Therefore, with its potential role in ILD progression in patients with pSS and its strong association with clinical manifestations of the disease, CXCR2 may serve as a useful index for disease activity in ILD associated with pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saisai Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Pneumology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Innabi A, Gomez-Manjarres D, Alzghoul BN, Chizinga M, Mehrad B, Patel DC. Cyclophosphamide for the treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease: A Review of the Literature. SARCOIDOSIS VASCULITIS AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES 2021; 38:e2021002. [PMID: 33867789 PMCID: PMC8050619 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v38i1.11271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease is a serious and life-threatening event but little is known about its treatment. Cyclophosphamide has been proposed in randomized clinic trials as a treatment option in progressive cases of systemic sclerosis related interstitial lung disease. However, in acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease, we found only small case series, and retrospective studies, mostly with no comparative groups which described the role of cyclophosphamide. Results of these studies showed mixed outcomes, with no robust evidence that cyclophosphamide adds any benefit in treating acute exacerbations of interstitial lung disease. More well-designed studies including randomized clinical trials are needed to better understand the role of cyclophosphamide during exacerbations of interstitial lung disease. In this review article, we summarize the current evidence on the use of cyclophosphamide in interstitial lung disease with a focus on the acute exacerbation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Innabi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL
| | - Diana Gomez-Manjarres
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL
| | - Bashar N Alzghoul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL
| | - Mwelwa Chizinga
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL
| | - Divya C Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL
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Xing NS, Fan GZ, Yan F, Liu YP, Zhang R. Safety and efficacy of rituximab in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107524. [PMID: 33721757 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rituximab (RTX) is widely used in the treatment of connective tissue disease (CTD) because it can target and eliminate pathogenic B cells. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the common complications of CTD; however, the clinical benefits of RTX in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) are still controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of RTX in CTD-ILD patients. METHODS We performed a systematic online query in PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase up to February 2020. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies on the use of RTX and conventional treatment in CTD-ILD patients were comprehensively reviewed and investigated. RESULTS In total, 6 studies, including 242 participants, were analysed. The pooled results showed that RTX is superior to conventional treatment methods in improving forced vital capacity and modified Rodnan skin scores (MRSS) in patients with systemic sclerosis (P<0. 05), but there was no statistically significant difference between RTX and conventional treatment method in the improvement of lung diffusion function. The risk of adverse effects declined in the RTX therapy groups compared with the conventional therapy groups in terms of infection and the blood system. CONCLUSION The pooled results of this meta-analysis indicated that RTX is well tolerated, and RTX is able to improve or stabilize pulmonary function in CTD-ILD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Shu Xing
- Department of Rheumatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Guan-Zhi Fan
- Department of Rheumatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi-Ping Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Kreuter M, Müller-Ladner U, Costabel U, Jonigk D, Peter Heussel C. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 118:arztebl.m2021.0018. [PMID: 33531115 PMCID: PMC8212400 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The different types of pulmonary fibrosis are a subgroup of the interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). They are associated with a chronic and often progressive course. METHODS This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in the EMBASE and PubMed databases, with an emphasis on articles published from 2000 to 2020. RESULTS The most common type of pulmonary fibrosis is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Among other relevant types, the most important ones are fibrosing hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) and ILDs associated with systemic diseases, all of which are rare and generally carry a poor prognosis. The essential prerequisite to accurate diagnosis is aninterdisciplinary approach, taking account of the clinical, histological, and radiological aspects. The main complications of pulmonary fibrosis are acute exacerbations and pulmonary hypertension; comorbidities are also of prognostic relevance. Treatment of pulmonary fibrosis depends on the subtype and clinical behavior. For IPF, antifibrotic therapy is indicated; fHP, on the other hand, is mainly treated by antigen avoidance and immune modulation. The predominant mode of treatment for systemic disease-associated pulmonary fibrosis is immune suppression. Antifibrotic agents can also be useful in the treatment of other types of progressivepulmonary fibrosis besides IPF. CONCLUSION The differential diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis, though complex, is clinically essential, as different types of pulmonary fibrosis are treated differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Bad Nauheim
| | - Ulrich Costabel
- Department of Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, University Medical Center Essen
| | - Danny Jonigk
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School
| | - Claus Peter Heussel
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital
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Development of Two Types of Skin Cancer in a Patient with Systemic Sclerosis: a Case Report and Overview of the Literature. Case Rep Oncol Med 2021; 2021:6628671. [PMID: 33728079 PMCID: PMC7935603 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an uncommon rheumatic disease in which the underlying main histopathologic feature is a thickening of the skin due to excessive accumulation of collagen in the extracellular tissue. Fibrogenesis, chronic inflammation, and ulceration may eventually promote skin neoplasms. Although nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most frequent type, there have been restricted case reports and case series with skin cancers in SSc patients in the literature. Herein, we describe a 78-year-old woman diagnosed with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis thirteen years ago and associated nonspecific interstitial pneumonia that was successfully treated with high cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide. She developed basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in the follow-up. She is still on rituximab treatment with stable interstitial lung disease as indicated by pulmonary function tests and high-resolution chest computed tomography. To our knowledge and a literature search, this is the first reported patient with SSc with two types of skin cancer. In this review, we also aimed to emphasize the relationship between SSc and skin cancer, and possible risk factors for SSc-related skin cancer.
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Predictors of Progression and Mortality in Patients with Prevalent Rheumatoid Arthritis and Interstitial Lung Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040874. [PMID: 33672699 PMCID: PMC7924396 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To describe a prospective cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis associated with interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) and identify risk factors associated with disease progression and mortality in this cohort. Patients and methods: We performed a multicenter, prospective, observational study of patients with RA-ILD receiving disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) between 2015 and 2020. The patients were assessed using high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests at baseline and at 60 months. The main endpoint was “Progression to ILD at the end of follow-up” in terms of the following outcomes: (1) improvement (i.e., improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥10% or diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) ≥15% and absence of radiological progression); (2) nonprogression (stabilization or improvement in FVC ≤10% or diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) <15% and absence of radiological progression); (3) progression (worsening of FVC >10% or DLCO >15% and radiological progression); or (4) death. We recorded demographic and clinical characteristics, lung function, and the incidence of adverse events. A Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the worsening of ILD. Results: After 60 months, lung disease had stabilized in 66 patients (56.9%), improved in 9 (7.8%), and worsened in 23 (19.8%). Eighteen patients (15.5%) died, with a mean survival of 71.8 (1.9) months after diagnosis of ILD. The Cox multivariate analysis revealed the independent predictors of worsening of RA-ILD to be usual interstitial pneumonia (hazard ratio (HR), 2.6 (95%CI, 1.0–6.7)), FVC <80% (HR, 3.8 (95%CI, 1.5–6.7)), anticitrullinated protein antibody titers (HR, 2.8 (95%CI, 1.1–6.8)), smoking (HR, 2.5 (95%CI, 1.1–6.2)), and treatment with abatacept, tocilizumab, or rituximab (HR, 0.4 (95%CI, 0.2–0.8)). During follow-up, 79 patients (68%) experienced an adverse event, mostly infection (61%). Infection was fatal in 10/18 patients (55.5%) during follow-up. Conclusions: Lung function is stable in most patients with RA-ILD receiving treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), although one-third worsened or died. Identifying factors associated with worsening in RA-ILD is important for clinical management.
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Nucera V, Gerratana E, Giallanza M, La Corte L, Sangari D, Atzeni F. Efficacy of cyclophosphamide in treating connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung diseases. Drugs Context 2021; 10:dic-2020-9-1. [PMID: 33505481 PMCID: PMC7813436 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2020-9-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are some of the first and most serious complications of connective tissue diseases (CTDs). However, the pathogenesis of CTD-related ILDs (CTD-ILDs) is still unclear and their treatment often depends on functional and radiographic disease progression as well as on patient age and comorbidities. It can be difficult to manage CTD-ILDs due to their heterogeneous nature, the lack of robust therapeutic data, and the few well-defined outcome measures. This review focuses on cyclophosphamide due to its crucial role in the treatment of systemic sclerosis-related ILD, particularly in the case of patients with progressive ILD. This narrative review was performed using PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases to retrieve English language papers published between 2000 and April 2020 concerning the treatment of CTD-ILDs with cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Nucera
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gerratana
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Manuela Giallanza
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura La Corte
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Donatella Sangari
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabiola Atzeni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Cassone G, Sebastiani M, Vacchi C, Erre GL, Salvarani C, Manfredi A. Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of rheumatic disease-related interstitial lung disease: a narrative review. Drugs Context 2021; 10:dic-2020-8-8. [PMID: 33505480 PMCID: PMC7813435 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2020-8-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an antimetabolite with a potent inhibitory effect on proliferation of T and B lymphocytes used since the early 1990s for the prevention of acute allograft rejection after organ transplant. MMF is also widely used for the treatment of a variety of rheumatic diseases (RDs) and their pulmonary involvement. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of progressive fibrotic diseases of the lung, which is often secondary to RD and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. MMF is considered the main alternative to cyclophosphamide as a first-line agent to treat RD-related ILD or as possible maintenance therapy after cyclophosphamide, with a lower rate of side-effects. However, as for other immunosuppressive agents, the use of MMF in RD-ILD is supported by poor scientific evidence. In this narrative review, we describe the available data and recent advances on the effectiveness and safety of MMF for the treatment of ILD related to RD, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, primary Sjögren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, undifferentiated connective tissue disease, interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cassone
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Chair and Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy.,Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marco Sebastiani
- Chair and Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Vacchi
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Chair and Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Chair and Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy.,Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andreina Manfredi
- Chair and Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
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Erre GL, Sebastiani M, Manfredi A, Gerratana E, Atzeni F, Passiu G, Mangoni AA. Antifibrotic drugs in connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD): from mechanistic insights to therapeutic applications. Drugs Context 2021; 10:2020-8-6. [PMID: 33505482 PMCID: PMC7813437 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2020-8-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs), which include systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, idiopathic inflammatory myositis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The treatment of CTD-ILDs is challenging due to the paucity of proven effective treatments. Recently, two antifibrotic drugs conditionally approved for use in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nintedanib and pirfenidone, have been trialled in CTD-ILDs based on overlapping pathological and clinical features between the two diseases. In this narrative review, we discuss the experimental evidence and clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of antifibrotic drugs in patients with CTD-ILDs and the potential mechanisms of action involved. Results from clinical trials suggest that nintedanib use retards lung function decline in progressive fibrotic CTD-ILDs. By contrast, the evidence for the efficacy of pirfenidone in these groups is not equally compelling. Further, well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of individual antifibrotic drugs in specific CTD-ILD subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Erre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Specialità Mediche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Sebastiani
- Chair and Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Andreina Manfredi
- Chair and Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gerratana
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabiola Atzeni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passiu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Specialità Mediche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
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Hoffmann-Vold AM, Maher TM, Philpot EE, Ashrafzadeh A, Distler O. Assessment of recent evidence for the management of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00235-2020. [PMID: 33644224 PMCID: PMC7897846 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00235-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review summarises current evidence to help guide treatment decisions for patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). A systematic search of the literature (January 2012 to April 2018), including grey literature (searched between 1992 and 2011), was conducted using multiple electronic databases. Guidelines, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials and observational studies reporting on risk stratification, screening, diagnosis, treatment and management outcomes for patients with SSc-ILD were included. A quality assessment of the included evidence was undertaken. In total, 2464 publications were identified and 280 included. Multiple independent risk factors for ILD in patients with SSc were identified, including older age, male sex and baseline pulmonary function. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been used for characterising ILD in patients with SSc, and pulmonary function tests are a key adjunctive component in the diagnostic and monitoring pathway. The clinical value of biomarkers relating to SSc-ILD diagnosis or assessment for disease progression is unknown at present. Immunosuppressive therapy (monotherapy or combined therapy) is the current standard of care for SSc-ILD; long-term evidence for effective and safe treatment of SSc-ILD is limited. Identification of patients at risk for SSc-ILD remains challenging. HRCT and pulmonary function tests are key to diagnosing and monitoring for disease progression. Although immunosuppressive therapy is considered current first-line treatment, it is partly associated with adverse effects and long-term follow-up evidence is limited. Novel therapies and biomarkers should be further explored in well-controlled clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold
- Dept of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Toby M. Maher
- National Institute of Health Research Respiratory Clinical Research Facility, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Ali Ashrafzadeh
- Rheumatology Center of Excellence, IQVIA, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Distler
- Dept of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Seeliger B, Prasse A. Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Interstitial Lung Disease. Respiration 2020; 99:819-829. [PMID: 33271551 DOI: 10.1159/000511200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) associated with autoimmune or systemic disease are increasingly recognized and our pathophysiological understanding rapidly expanding. Treatment modalities, however, are still mainly driven by established disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) where, despite decades of experience of their use in the underlying diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, mostly ret-rospective data exist informing their effect on the course of interstitial lung disease (ILD). In recent years, randomized trials investigating the effects of biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) have been completed or are currently running, generating new treatment options for often relentlessly progressive diseases. Herein, we summarize the evidence and current use of both synthetic DMARDs and bDMARDs in the context of ILDs associated with autoimmune/systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Seeliger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany,
| | - Antje Prasse
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Frailty is a syndrome characterized by the decline in the physiologic reserve and function of several systems, leading to increased vulnerability and adverse health outcomes. While common in the elderly, recent studies have underlined the higher prevalence of frailty in chronic diseases, independent of age. The pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to frailty have not been completely understood, although significant progresses have recently been made. In this context, chronic inflammation is likely to play a pivotal role, both directly and indirectly through other systems, such as the musculoskeletal, endocrine, and neurological systems. Rheumatic diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation and accumulation of deficits during time. Therefore, studies have recently started to explore the link between frailty and rheumatic diseases, and in this review, we report what has been described so far. Frailty is dynamic and potentially reversible with 8.3%-17.9% of older adults spontaneously improving their frailty status over time. Muscle strength is likely the most significant influencing factor which could be improved with training thus pointing at the need to maintain physical activity. Not surprisingly, frailty is more prevalent in patients affected by rheumatic diseases than in healthy controls, regardless of age and is associated with high disease activity to affect the clinical outcomes, largely due to chronic inflammation. More importantly, the treatment of the underlying condition may prevent frailty. Scales to assess frailty in patients affected by rheumatic diseases have been proposed, but larger casuistries are needed to validate disease-specific indexes, which could allow more accurate prognostic estimates than demographic and disease-related variables alone. Frail patients can be more vulnerable and more difficult to treat, due to the risk of side effects, therefore frailty should be taken into account in clinical decisions. Clinical trials addressing frailty could identify patients who are less likely to tolerate potentially toxic medications and might benefit from more conservative regimens. In conclusion, the implementation of the concept of frailty in rheumatology will allow a better understanding of the patient global health, a finest risk stratification and a more individualized management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center– IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS - Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center– IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
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Ren Y, Jian X, Zhang Z, Ning Q, Kan B, Kong L. Effects of tacrolimus on the TGF‑β1/SMAD signaling pathway in paraquat‑exposed rat alveolar type II epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3687-3694. [PMID: 33000210 PMCID: PMC7533447 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat is a highly toxic pesticide, which often causes pulmonary interstitial fibrosis after poisoning, and there is no specific antidote. At present, limited studies have reported that tacrolimus, as an immunosuppressant, can inhibit pulmonary fibrosis, but the specific mechanism remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effect of tacrolimus on the TGF-β1 pathway associated with pulmonary fibrosis in paraquat exposed alveolar type II epithelial cells, and to identify the antipulmonary fibrosis mechanism of tacrolimus The rat alveolar epithelial type II RLE-6TN cell line was exposed to paraquat and treated with or without tacrolimus for 24 h, or with a TGF-β1 receptor type I/II inhibitor (LY2109761) for 1, 4, 8 or 16 h. MTT assays were used to detect the viability of rat alveolar type II epithelial cells under these different treatment conditions, while the concentrations of TGF-β1, SMAD3, SMAD7 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the cell culture supernatant were determined using ELISAs. Additionally, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3, CTGF and SMAD7. The results demonstrated that the inhibition of the proliferation of RLE-6TN cells exposed to 200 nmol/l paraquat was 26.05±2.99%. The inhibition rate of 10 ng/ml tacrolimus on paraquat-exposed alveolar type II epithelial cells was 18.40±3.49%. The inhibition rate caused by 5 µmol/l LY2109761 was 26.56±4.49%. The expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3 and CTGF, as well as their concentrations in the culture supernatant, were significantly downregulated in the tacrolimus group compared with the paraquat group. However, both the concentration and expression levels of SMAD7 were significantly upregulated in the tacrolimus group compared with the paraquat group. In conclusion, tacrolimus can reduce the levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3 and CTGF, increase the level of SMAD7 in TGF-β1 signaling pathway and protect the development of pulmonary fibrosis in paraquat exposed alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Ren
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhongchen Zhang
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Ning
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Baotian Kan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Erre GL, Sebastiani M, Fenu MA, Zinellu A, Floris A, Cavagna L, Renzoni E, Manfredi A, Passiu G, Woodman RJ, Mangoni AA. Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Treatments for Systemic Sclerosis-Related Interstitial Lung Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2560. [PMID: 32784580 PMCID: PMC7465266 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of head-to-head comparisons of the efficacy and harms of pharmacological treatments for systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). METHODS We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) in order to compare the effects of different treatments with the placebo on change in forced vital capacity (FVC), change in diffusion lung capacity for CO (DLCO), serious adverse events (SAEs), discontinuation for adverse events and mortality in SSc-ILD. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and log odds ratio were estimated using NMA with fixed effects. RESULTS Nine randomized clinical trials (926 participants) comparing eight interventions and the placebo for an average follow-up of one year were included. Compared to the placebo, only rituximab significantly reduced FVC decline (SMD (95% CI) = 1.00 (0.39 to 1.61)). Suitable data on FVC outcome for nintedanib were not available for the analysis. No treatments influenced DLCO. Safety and mortality were also not different across treatments and the placebo, although there were few reported events. Cyclophosphamide and pomalidomide were less tolerated than the placebo, mycophenolate, and nintedanib. CONCLUSION Only rituximab significantly reduced lung function decline compared to the placebo. However, direct head-to-head comparison studies are required to confirm these findings and to better determine the safety profile of various treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Erre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Specialità Mediche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Marco Sebastiani
- Chair and Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Fenu
- Dipartimento di Specialità Mediche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Alberto Floris
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Division of Rheumatology, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Renzoni
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK;
| | - Andreina Manfredi
- Chair and Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Passiu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Specialità Mediche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Richard John Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide 5001, Australia;
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide 5001, Australia;
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Rekeland IG, Fosså A, Lande A, Ktoridou-Valen I, Sørland K, Holsen M, Tronstad KJ, Risa K, Alme K, Viken MK, Lie BA, Dahl O, Mella O, Fluge Ø. Intravenous Cyclophosphamide in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. An Open-Label Phase II Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:162. [PMID: 32411717 PMCID: PMC7201056 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disease with high symptom burden, of unknown etiology, with no established treatment. We observed patients with long-standing ME/CFS who got cancer, and who reported improvement of ME/CFS symptoms after chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide, forming the basis for this prospective trial. Materials and methods: This open-label phase II trial included 40 patients with ME/CFS diagnosed by Canadian criteria. Treatment consisted of six intravenous infusions of cyclophosphamide, 600-700 mg/m2, given at four-week intervals with follow-up for 18 months, extended to 4 years. Response was defined by self-reported improvements in symptoms by Fatigue score, supported by Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores, physical activity measures and other instruments. Repeated measures of outcome variables were assessed by General linear models. Responses were correlated with specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles. Results: The overall response rate by Fatigue score was 55.0% (22 of 40 patients). Fatigue score and other outcome variables showed significant improvements compared to baseline. The SF-36 Physical Function score increased from mean 33.0 at baseline to 51.5 at 18 months (all patients), and from mean 35.0 to 69.5 among responders. Mean steps per 24 h increased from mean 3,199 at baseline to 4,347 at 18 months (all patients), and from 3,622 to 5,589 among responders. At extended follow-up to 4 years 68% (15 of 22 responders) were still in remission. Patients positive for HLA-DQB1*03:03 and/or HLA-C*07:04 (n = 12) had significantly higher response rate compared to patients negative for these alleles (n = 28), 83 vs. 43%, respectively. Nausea and constipation were common grade 1-2 adverse events. There were one suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction (aggravated POTS) and 11 serious adverse events in eight patients. Conclusion: Intravenous cyclophosphamide treatment was feasible for ME/CFS patients and associated with an acceptable toxicity profile. More than half of the patients responded and with prolonged follow-up, a considerable proportion of patients reported ongoing remission. Without a placebo group, clinical response data must be interpreted with caution. We nevertheless believe a future randomized trial is warranted. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02444091.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid G Rekeland
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Fosså
- Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asgeir Lande
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irini Ktoridou-Valen
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Sørland
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Holsen
- Clinical Research Unit, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl J Tronstad
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Risa
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kine Alme
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marte K Viken
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte A Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Dahl
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Mella
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Fluge
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Lights and Shadows. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041082. [PMID: 32290218 PMCID: PMC7230307 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disease affecting 0.5–1% of the population worldwide. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a serious pulmonary complication of RA and it is responsible for 10–20% of mortality, with a mean survival of 5–8 years. However, nowadays there are no therapeutic recommendations for the treatment of RA-ILD. Therapeutic options for RA-ILD are complicated by the possible pulmonary toxicity of many disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and by their unclear efficacy on pulmonary disease. Therefore, joint and lung involvement should be evaluated independently of each other for treatment purposes. On the other hand, some similarities between RA-ILD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the results of the recent INBIULD trial suggest a possible future role for antifibrotic agents. From this perspective, we review the current literature describing the pulmonary effects of drugs (immunosuppressants, conventional, biological and target synthetic DMARDs and antifibrotic agents) in patients with RA and ILD. In addition, we suggest a framework for the management of RA-ILD patients and outline a research agenda to fill the gaps in knowledge about this challenging patient cohort.
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47
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Liang H, Yang X. Association of Interstitial Lung Disease With Clinical Characteristics of Chinese Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arch Rheumatol 2020; 35:239-246. [PMID: 32851373 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2020.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to evaluate the frequency and clinical and laboratory features of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to evaluate the association of ILD with the clinical features. Patients and methods The study included 505 SLE patients (64 males, 441 females; mean age 35.3±15.3 years; range, 14 to 87 years) who were categorized into two groups as 449 patients without ILD and 56 patients with ILD based on evidence obtained from high-resolution computed tomography images. The demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings, SLE disease activity index score, and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index of all patients were also recorded and statistically analyzed. Results The ILD frequency in patients with SLE was 11.1%. Compared to the group of SLE patients without ILD, the group of SLE patients with ILD possessed the following statistical differences: elderly age, longer illness duration, lower level of anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid, and higher level of serum complement 3, increased ratios of Raynaud's phenomenon, moist rales and tachypnea. Multivariate logistic regression results suggested that elderly age (≥60 years), long illness duration (1-10 years, ≥10 years), Raynaud's phenomenon, and tachypnea were statistically associated with the occurrence of ILD in SLE patients. Conclusion Chinese SLE patients who possessed the factors that were statistically associated with ILD, namely, elderly age (≥60 years old), long illness duration (≥1 years), Raynaud's phenomenon, and tachypnea, were recommended to be monitored for the possibility of ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangfang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huishun Liang
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuwei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with systemic sclerosis. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:230. [PMID: 31783745 PMCID: PMC6884803 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-1003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe rheumatic disease of the interstitial tissue, in which heart and lung involvement can lead to disease-specific mortality. Our study tests the hypothesis that in addition to established prognostic factors, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters, particularly peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) and ventilation/carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2)-slope, can predict survival in patients with SSc. Subjects and methods We retrospectively assessed 210 patients (80.9% female) in 6 centres over 10 years with pulmonary testing and CPET. Survival was analysed with Cox regression analysis (adjusted for age and gender) by age, comorbidity (Charlson-Index), body weight, body-mass index, extensive interstitial lung disease, pulmonary artery pressure (measured by echocardiography and invasively), and haemodynamic, pulmonary and CPET parameters. Results Five- and ten-year survival of SSc patients was 93.8 and 86.9%, respectively. There was no difference in survival between patients with diffuse (dcSSc) and limited cutaneous manifestation (lcSSc; p = 0.3). Pulmonary and CPET parameters were significantly impaired. Prognosis was worst for patients with pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.007), 6-min walking distance < 413 m (p = 0.003), peakVO2 < 15.6 mL∙kg− 1∙min− 1, and VE/VCO2-slope > 35. Age (hazard ratio HR = 1.23; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.14;1.41), VE/VCO2-slope (HR = 0.9; CI 0.82;0.98), diffusion capacity (Krogh factor, HR = 0.92; CI 0.86;0.98), forced vital capacity (FVC, HR = 0.91; CI 0.86;0.96), and peakVO2 (HR = 0.87; CI 0.81;0.94) were significantly linked to survival in multivariate analyses (Harrell’s C = 0.95). Summary This is the first large study with SSc patients that demonstrates the prognostic value of peakVO2 < 15.6 mL∙kg− 1∙min− 1 (< 64.5% of predicted peakVO2) and VE/VCO2-slope > 35.
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Gupta S, Ferrada MA, Hasni SA. Pulmonary Manifestations of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Underlying Immunological Mechanisms, Clinical Presentation, and Management. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1327. [PMID: 31249572 PMCID: PMC6583234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an understudied entity with important clinical implications. Its prevalence has been reported in up to 20% of pSS patients. Pulmonary manifestations of pSS are diverse with involvement of airway and/or lung parenchyma. Histopathology of lung lesions suggests a predominance of submucosal mononuclear cell infiltration consisting predominantly of CD4+ T cells. Current understanding of the pathophysiology of lung disease in pSS suggests a similar process driving the pulmonary process as those in the salivary glands, with epithelial cells playing a critical role in the initiation, maintenance, and symptomatology of the disease. Clinical manifestations of lung involvement in pSS are as varied as the underlying pathology and can be vague and non-specific, thus delaying diagnosis. Management options depend on the underlying pathology but are generally limited due to lack of systematic randomized controlled trials. This review helps summarize our current understanding of lung involvement in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Gupta
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marcela A Ferrada
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarfaraz A Hasni
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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50
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50/w mit kälteabhängiger, anfallsweiser Weißverfärbung einzelner Finger. Hautarzt 2019; 70:93-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-019-4370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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