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Systematic Review: Targeted Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis and Its Mediators in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137071. [PMID: 35806074 PMCID: PMC9267012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive angiogenesis is a characteristic feature in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from a very early stage of the disease onward and constitutes a crucial event for the development of the proliferative synovium. This process is markedly intensified in patients with prolonged disease duration, high disease activity, disease severity, and significant inflammatory cell infiltration. Angiogenesis is therefore an interesting target for the development of new therapeutic approaches as well as disease monitoring strategies in RA. To this end, nuclear imaging modalities represent valuable non-invasive tools that can selectively target molecular markers of angiogenesis and accurately and quantitatively track molecular changes in multiple joints simultaneously. This systematic review summarizes the imaging markers used for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and/or positron emission tomography (PET) approaches, targeting pathways and mediators involved in synovial neo-angiogenesis in RA.
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Muench DE, Sun Z, Sharma A, Tang C, Crampton JS, Lao C, Kersjes K, Chang W, Na S. A Pathogenic Th17/CD38 + Macrophage Feedback Loop Drives Inflammatory Arthritis through TNF-α. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1315-1328. [PMID: 35197330 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathobiology of rheumatoid inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis, involves the interplay between innate and adaptive immune components and resident synoviocytes. Single-cell analyses of patient samples and relevant mouse models have characterized many cellular subsets in RA. However, the impact of interactions between cell types is not fully understood. In this study, we temporally profiled murine arthritic synovial isolates at the single-cell level to identify perturbations similar to those found in human RA. Notably, murine macrophage subtypes like those found in RA patients were expanded in arthritis and linked to promoting the function of Th17 cells in the joint. In vitro experiments identified a capacity for murine macrophages to maintain the functionality and expansion of Th17 cells. Reciprocally, murine Th17 cell-derived TNF-α induced CD38+ macrophages that enhanced Th17 functionality. Murine synovial CD38+ macrophages were expanded during arthritis, and their depletion or blockade via TNF-α neutralization alleviated disease while reducing IL-17A-producing cells. These findings identify a cellular feedback loop that promotes Th17 cell pathogenicity through TNF-α to drive inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Muench
- Immunology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN; and
| | - Anchal Sharma
- Research Information and Digital Solutions, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, New York, NY
| | - Crystal Tang
- Immunology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA
| | - Jordan S Crampton
- Immunology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA
| | - Christopher Lao
- Immunology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA
| | - Kara Kersjes
- Immunology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA
| | - William Chang
- Immunology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA
| | - Songqing Na
- Immunology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA;
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3
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Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Sheybani N, Aria B, Hemati B, Fatehi F, Ghaem Maghami Farahani H, Javanmard G, Rezaee M, Kastelic JP, Barkema HW. Differential Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Key Hub-High Traffic Genes as Potential Therapeutic Targets for COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Immunol 2022; 12:789317. [PMID: 34975885 PMCID: PMC8714803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The recent emergence of COVID-19, rapid worldwide spread, and incomplete knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection have limited development of therapeutic strategies. Our objective was to systematically investigate molecular regulatory mechanisms of COVID-19, using a combination of high throughput RNA-sequencing-based transcriptomics and systems biology approaches. Methods RNA-Seq data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy persons, mild and severe 17 COVID-19 patients were analyzed to generate a gene expression matrix. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify co-expression modules in healthy samples as a reference set. For differential co-expression network analysis, module preservation and module-trait relationships approaches were used to identify key modules. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, based on co-expressed hub genes, were constructed to identify hub genes/TFs with the highest information transfer (hub-high traffic genes) within candidate modules. Results Based on differential co-expression network analysis, connectivity patterns and network density, 72% (15 of 21) of modules identified in healthy samples were altered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 caused systemic perturbations in host biological gene networks. In functional enrichment analysis, among 15 non-preserved modules and two significant highly-correlated modules (identified by MTRs), 9 modules were directly related to the host immune response and COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. Intriguingly, systemic investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection identified signaling pathways and key genes/proteins associated with COVID-19's main hallmarks, e.g., cytokine storm, respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury (ALI), lymphopenia, coagulation disorders, thrombosis, and pregnancy complications, as well as comorbidities associated with COVID-19, e.g., asthma, diabetic complications, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), liver disorders and acute kidney injury (AKI). Topological analysis with betweenness centrality (BC) identified 290 hub-high traffic genes, central in both co-expression and PPI networks. We also identified several transcriptional regulatory factors, including NFKB1, HIF1A, AHR, and TP53, with important immunoregulatory roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, several hub-high traffic genes, including IL6, IL1B, IL10, TNF, SOCS1, SOCS3, ICAM1, PTEN, RHOA, GDI2, SUMO1, CASP1, IRAK3, HSPA5, ADRB2, PRF1, GZMB, OASL, CCL5, HSP90AA1, HSPD1, IFNG, MAPK1, RAB5A, and TNFRSF1A had the highest rates of information transfer in 9 candidate modules and central roles in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. Conclusion This study provides comprehensive information on molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions and identifies several hub-high traffic genes as promising therapeutic targets for the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.,Biomedical Center for Systems Biology Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Negin Sheybani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Aria
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Behzad Hemati
- Biotechnology Research Center, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhang Fatehi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Ghazaleh Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezaee
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Hwang YC, Lu RM, Su SC, Chiang PY, Ko SH, Ke FY, Liang KH, Hsieh TY, Wu HC. Monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 therapy and SARS-CoV-2 detection. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:1. [PMID: 34983527 PMCID: PMC8724751 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an exceptional public health crisis that demands the timely creation of new therapeutics and viral detection. Owing to their high specificity and reliability, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as powerful tools to treat and detect numerous diseases. Hence, many researchers have begun to urgently develop Ab-based kits for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Ab drugs for use as COVID-19 therapeutic agents. The detailed structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is known, and since this protein is key for viral infection, its receptor-binding domain (RBD) has become a major target for therapeutic Ab development. Because SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus with a high mutation rate, especially under the selective pressure of aggressively deployed prophylactic vaccines and neutralizing Abs, the use of Ab cocktails is expected to be an important strategy for effective COVID-19 treatment. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection may stimulate an overactive immune response, resulting in a cytokine storm that drives severe disease progression. Abs to combat cytokine storms have also been under intense development as treatments for COVID-19. In addition to their use as drugs, Abs are currently being utilized in SARS-CoV-2 detection tests, including antigen and immunoglobulin tests. Such Ab-based detection tests are crucial surveillance tools that can be used to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Herein, we highlight some key points regarding mAb-based detection tests and treatments for the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chyi Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Min Lu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Su
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yin Chiang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Ko
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Ke
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hao Liang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Yang Hsieh
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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Brandhorst D, Brandhorst H, Lee Layland S, Acreman S, Schenke-Layland K, Johnson PR. Basement membrane proteins improve human islet survival in hypoxia: Implications for islet inflammation. Acta Biomater 2022; 137:92-102. [PMID: 34653695 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic digestion of the pancreas during islet isolation is associated with disintegration of the islet basement membrane (IBM) that can cause reduction of functional and morphological islet integrity. Attempts to re-establish IBM by coating the surface of culture vessels with various IBM proteins (IBMP) have resulted in loss of islet phenotype and function. This study investigated the capability of Collagen-IV, Laminin-521 and Nidogen-1, utilised as single or combined media supplements, to protect human islets cultured in hypoxia. When individually supplemented to media, all IBMP significantly improved islet survival and in-vitro function, finally resulting in as much as a two-fold increase of islet overall survival. In contrast, combining IBMP enhanced the production of chemokines and reactive oxygen species diminishing all positive effects of individually added IBMP. This impact was concentration-dependent and concerned nearly all parameters of islet integrity. Predictive extrapolation of these findings to data from 116 processed human pancreases suggests that more than 90% of suboptimal pancreases could be rescued for clinical islet transplantation increasing the number of transplantable preparations from actual 25 to 40 when adding Nidogen-1 to pretransplant culture. This study suggests that media supplementation with essential IBMP protects human islets from hypoxia. Amongst those, certain IBMP may be incompatible when combined or applied at higher concentrations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreatic islet transplantation is a minimally-invasive treatment that can reverse type 1 diabetes in certain patients. It involves infusing of insulin-producing cell-clusters (islets) from donor pancreases. Unfortunately, islet extraction is associated with damage of the islet basement membrane (IBM) causing reduced islet function and cell death. Attempts to re-establish the IBM by coating the surface of culture vessels with IBM proteins (IBMP) have been unsuccessful. Instead, we dissolved the most relevant IBM components Collagen-IV, Laminin-521 and Nidogen-1 in media routinely used for clinical islet culture and transplantation. We found human islet survival and function was substantially improved by IBMP, particularly Nidogen-1, when exposed to a hypoxic environment as found in vivo. We also investigated IBMP combinations. Our present findings have important clinical implications.
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Discovery and validation of a novel subgroup and therapeutic target in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3445-3456. [PMID: 34438448 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020004016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a poorly understood hematologic disorder involving cytokine-induced polyclonal lymphoproliferation, systemic inflammation, and potentially fatal multiorgan failure. Although the etiology of iMCD is unknown, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an established disease driver in approximately one-third of patients. Anti-IL-6 therapy, siltuximab, is the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment. Few options exist for siltuximab nonresponders, and no validated tests are available to predict likelihood of response. We procured and analyzed the largest-to-date cohort of iMCD samples, which enabled classification of iMCD into disease categories, discovery of siltuximab response biomarkers, and identification of therapeutic targets for siltuximab nonresponders. Proteomic quantification of 1178 analytes was performed on serum of 88 iMCD patients, 60 patients with clinico-pathologically overlapping diseases (human herpesvirus-8-associated MCD, N = 20; Hodgkin lymphoma, N = 20; rheumatoid arthritis, N = 20), and 42 healthy controls. Unsupervised clustering revealed iMCD patients have heterogeneous serum proteomes that did not cluster with clinico-pathologically overlapping diseases. Clustering of iMCD patients identified a novel subgroup with superior response to siltuximab, which was validated using a 7-analyte panel (apolipoprotein E, amphiregulin, serum amyloid P-component, inactivated complement C3b, immunoglobulin E, IL-6, erythropoietin) in an independent cohort. Enrichment analyses and immunohistochemistry identified Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling as a candidate therapeutic target that could potentially be targeted with JAK inhibitors in siltuximab nonresponders. Our discoveries demonstrate the potential for accelerating discoveries for rare diseases through multistakeholder collaboration.
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Ultra-Low Dose Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Three Birds with One Stone as the Rationale of the 2LARTH ® Micro-Immunotherapy Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136717. [PMID: 34201546 PMCID: PMC8268272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are two cytokines involved in the perpetuation of the chronic inflammation state characterizing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Significant advances in the treatment of this pathology have been made over the past ten years, partially through the development of anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 therapies. However, major side effects still persist and new alternative therapies should be considered. The formulation of the micro-immunotherapy medicine (MIM) 2LARTH® uses ultra-low doses (ULD) of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2, in association with other immune factors, to gently restore the body’s homeostasis. The first part of this review aims at delineating the pivotal roles played by IL-1β and TNF-α in RA physiopathology, leading to the development of anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 therapeutic agents. In a second part, an emphasis will be made on explaining the rationale of using multiple therapeutic targets, including both IL-1β and TNF-α in 2LARTH® medicine. Particular attention will be paid to the ULD of those two main pro-inflammatory factors in order to counteract their overexpression through the lens of their molecular implication in RA pathogenesis.
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8
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Cai Q, Li Y, Lyu F, Zhou M, Lu K, Tang X, Ren D, Bao Q, Wang D, Li Y. Effects of All-Trans Retinoic Acid on the Optimization of Synovial Explant Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:300-310. [PMID: 32863302 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Current studies focused on the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on synovial explants from rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In our study, synovial membranes were extracted aseptically from the quadriceps femoris of the knee joint of rats, and then incubated in medium containing 10% neonate bovine serum for 24 h adaptive culture. We first measured variations of correlation factors in synovium at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h in control medium or in medium containing 20 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (TNF-α-experiment). Then, we investigated the synovium exposed to three ATRA concentrations after 48 h incubation (ATRA-experiment). The effects of ATRA on synovitis were evaluated by observing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic factors and the production of proteases in nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway and apoptosis and autophagy. In TNF-α-experiment, the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) increased significantly after TNF-α stimulation without pathological damage to the synovium. Hence, we successfully obtained the synovial explants model, which had longer inflammatory response time. In the ATRA-experiment, ATRA suppressed the secretion of IL-6 and NO, downregulated the NF-κB P65 and Bcl-2, increased levels of autophagy marker protein LC3, but different doses of ATRA showed inconsistent regulatory effects on VEGF and MMP-9. In short, ATRA inhibited TNF-α induced synovitis by the regulation of inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting NF-κB signal transduction and potentially promoting autophagy, apoptosis and angiogenesis, displaying its role in alleviating synovial inflammation in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Cai
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University
| | - Fan Lyu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Kuiqing Lu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University
| | - Xiaoyue Tang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University
| | - Dongxia Ren
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University
| | - Qilin Bao
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University.,West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University
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9
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Mezghiche I, Yahia-Cherbal H, Rogge L, Bianchi E. Novel approaches to develop biomarkers predicting treatment responses to TNF-blockers. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:331-354. [PMID: 33622154 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1894926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) cause significant morbidity and are a considerable burden for the patients in terms of pain, impaired function, and diminished quality of life. Important progress in CID treatment has been obtained with biological therapies, such as tumor-necrosis-factor blockers. However, more than a third of the patients fail to respond to these inhibitors and are exposed to the side effects of treatment, without the benefits. Therefore, there is a strong interest in developing tools to predict response of patients to biologics. Areas covered: The authors searched PubMed for recent studies on biomarkers for disease assessment and prediction of therapeutic responses, focusing on the effect of TNF blockers on immune responses in spondyloarthritis (SpA), and other CID, in particular rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Conclusions will be drawn about the possible development of predictive biomarkers for response to treatment. Expert opinion: No validated biomarker is currently available to predict treatment response in CID. New insight could be generated through the development of new bioinformatic modeling approaches to combine multidimensional biomarkers that explain the different genetic, immunological and environmental determinants of therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Mezghiche
- Department of Immunology, Immunoregulation Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université De Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hanane Yahia-Cherbal
- Department of Immunology, Immunoregulation Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Fondation AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lars Rogge
- Department of Immunology, Immunoregulation Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte AP-HP/Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Immunology, Immunoregulation Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte AP-HP/Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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10
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Lyons LP, Weinberg JB, Wittstein JR, McNulty AL. Blood in the joint: effects of hemarthrosis on meniscus health and repair techniques. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:471-479. [PMID: 33307179 PMCID: PMC8051641 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the meniscus is common and frequently leads to the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Many times meniscus injuries occur coincident with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and lead to a bloody joint effusion. Hemarthrosis, or bleeding into the joint, has been implicated in degeneration of joint tissues. The goal of this review paper is to understand the pathophysiology of blood-induced joint damage, the possible effects of blood on meniscus tissue, and the implications for current meniscus repair techniques that involve the introduction of blood-derived products into the joint. In this review, we illustrate the similarities in the pathophysiology of joint damage due to hemophilic arthropathy (HA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Although numerous studies have revealed the harmful effects of blood on cartilage and synovium, there is currently a gap in knowledge regarding the effects of hemarthrosis on meniscus tissue homeostasis, healing, and the development of PTOA following meniscus injury. Given that many meniscus repair techniques utilize blood-derived and marrow-derived products, it is essential to understand the effects of these factors on meniscus tissue and the whole joint organ to develop improved strategies to promote meniscus tissue repair and prevent PTOA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P. Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School
of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - J. Brice Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine,
Durham, NC
| | - Jocelyn R. Wittstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School
of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Amy L. McNulty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School
of Medicine, Durham, NC,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC
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11
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Brandhorst D, Brandhorst H, Acreman S, Abraham A, Johnson PRV. High Concentrations of Etanercept Reduce Human Islet Function and Integrity. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:599-610. [PMID: 33679137 PMCID: PMC7926188 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s294663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most islet transplant groups worldwide routinely use the TNFα inhibitor Etanercept in their peri-transplant protocols. Surprisingly, there have been no published dose-response studies on the effects of Etanercept on human islets. Our study aimed to address this by treating cultured human islets with increasing concentrations of Etanercept. Materials and Methods Isolated human islets were cultured for 3–4 days in normoxic (21% oxygen) or in hypoxic (2% oxygen) atmosphere using Etanercept dissolved in a range of 2.5–40 µg/mL prior to islet characterisation. Results In normoxic atmosphere, it was found that 5 µg/mL is the most efficient dose to preserve islet morphological and functional integrity during culture. Increasing the dose to 10 µg/mL or more resulted in detrimental effects with respect to viability and glucose-stimulated insulin release. When human islets were cultured for 3 to 4 days in clinically relevant hypoxia and treated with 5 µg/mL Etanercept, post-culture islet survival (P < 0.001) and in vitro function (P < 0.01) were significantly improved. This correlated with a substantially reduced cytokine production (P < 0.05), improved mitochondrial function (P < 0.01), and reduced production of reactive oxygen species (P < 0.001) in hypoxia-exposed islets. Conclusion These findings suggest that the therapeutic window of Etanercept is very narrow and that this should be considered when optimising the dosage and route of Etanercept administration in islet-transplant recipients or when designing novel drug-delivering islet scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brandhorst
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford Consortium for Islet Transplantation, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Heide Brandhorst
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford Consortium for Islet Transplantation, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Samuel Acreman
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford Consortium for Islet Transplantation, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Anju Abraham
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford Consortium for Islet Transplantation, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford Consortium for Islet Transplantation, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
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12
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Inflammation, immunity and potential target therapy of SARS-COV-2: A total scale analysis review. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 150:112087. [PMID: 33640537 PMCID: PMC7905385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a complex disease that causes illness ranging from mild to severe respiratory problems. It is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) that is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus belongs to coronavirus CoV family. It has a fast-spreading potential worldwide, which leads to high mortality regardless of lows death rates. Now some vaccines or a specific drug are approved but not available for every country for disease prevention and/or treatment. Therefore, it is a high demand to identify the known drugs and test them as a possible therapeutic approach. In this critical situation, one or more of these drugs may represent the only option to treat or reduce the severity of the disease, until some specific drugs or vaccines will be developed and/or approved for everyone in this pandemic. In this updated review, the available repurpose immunotherapeutic treatment strategies are highlighted, elucidating the crosstalk between the immune system and SARS-CoV-2. Despite the reasonable data availability, the effectiveness and safety of these drugs against SARS-CoV-2 needs further studies and validations aiming for a better clinical outcome.
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13
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Marques CDL, Kakehasi AM, Pinheiro MM, Mota LMH, Albuquerque CP, Silva CR, Santos GPJ, Reis-Neto ET, Matos P, Devide G, Dantas A, Giorgi RD, Marinho ADO, Valadares LDA, Melo AKG, Ribeiro FM, Ferreira GA, Santos FPDS, Ribeiro SLE, Andrade NPB, Yazbek MA, Souza VAD, Paiva ES, Azevedo VF, Freitas ABSBD, Provenza JR, Toledo RAD, Fontenelle S, Carneiro S, Xavier R, Pileggi GCS, Reis APMG. High levels of immunosuppression are related to unfavourable outcomes in hospitalised patients with rheumatic diseases and COVID-19: first results of ReumaCoV Brasil registry. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2020-001461. [PMID: 33510041 PMCID: PMC7844930 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate risk factors associated with unfavourable outcomes: emergency care, hospitalisation, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation and death in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and COVID-19. METHODS Analysis of the first 8 weeks of observational multicentre prospective cohort study (ReumaCoV Brasil register). Patients with IMRD and COVID-19 according to the Ministry of Health criteria were classified as eligible for the study. RESULTS 334 participants were enrolled, a majority of them women, with a median age of 45 years; systemic lupus erythematosus (32.9%) was the most frequent IMRD. Emergency care was required in 160 patients, 33.0% were hospitalised, 15.0% were admitted to the ICU and 10.5% underwent mechanical ventilation; 28 patients (8.4%) died. In the multivariate adjustment model for emergency care, diabetes (prevalence ratio, PR 1.38; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.73; p=0.004), kidney disease (PR 1.36; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.77; p=0.020), oral glucocorticoids (GC) (PR 1.49; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.85; p<0.001) and pulse therapy with methylprednisolone (PR 1.38; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.67; p=0.001) remained significant; for hospitalisation, age >50 years (PR 1.89; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.85; p=0.002), no use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) (PR 2.51;95% CI 1.16 to 5.45; p=0.004) and methylprednisolone pulse therapy (PR 2.50; 95% CI 1.59 to 3.92; p<0.001); for ICU admission, oral GC (PR 2.24; 95% CI 1.36 to 3.71; p<0.001) and pulse therapy with methylprednisolone (PR 1.65; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.68; p<0.043); the two variables associated with death were pulse therapy with methylprednisolone or cyclophosphamide (PR 2.86; 95% CI 1.59 to 5.14; p<0.018). CONCLUSIONS Age >50 years and immunosuppression with GC and cyclophosphamide were associated with unfavourable outcomes of COVID-19. Treatment with TNFi may have been protective, perhaps leading to the COVID-19 inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Maria Kakehasi
- Musculoskeletal System Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Matos
- Rheumatology, Unifesp EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Dantas
- Hospital das Clinicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Karla G Melo
- Rheumatology, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo S Paiva
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal do Paraná Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Valderilio Feijo Azevedo
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal do Paraná Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Acayaba de Toledo
- Rheumatology, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Hospital de Base), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Sueli Carneiro
- Rheumatology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Xavier
- Rheumatology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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14
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Iqubal A, Hoda F, Najmi AK, Haque SE. Macrophage Activation and Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19: Current Updates and Analysis of Repurposed and Investigational Anti-Cytokine Drugs. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 71:173-179. [PMID: 33434935 DOI: 10.1055/a-1291-7692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged from Wuhan, has now become pandemic and the mortality rate is growing exponentially. Clinical complication and fatality rate is much higher for patients having co-morbid issues. Compromised immune response and hyper inflammation is hall mark of pathogenesis and major cause of mortality. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or cytokine storm is a term used to affiliate the situation of hyper inflammation and therefore use of anti-cytokine and anti-inflammatory drugs is used to take care of this situation. Looking into the clinical benefit of these anti-inflammatory drugs, many of them enter into clinical trials. However, understanding the immunopathology of COVID-19 is important otherwise, indiscriminate use of these drugs could be fetal as there exists a very fine line of difference between viral clearing cytokines and inflammatory cytokines. If any drug suppresses the viral clearing cytokines, it will worsen the situation and hence, the use of these drugs must be based on the clinical condition, viral load, co-existing disease condition and severity of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
| | - Farazul Hoda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
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15
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Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality. Eur Cytokine Netw 2020; 31:81-93. [PMID: 33361013 PMCID: PMC7792554 DOI: 10.1684/ecn.2020.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed.
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16
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A Human Osteochondral Tissue Model Mimicking Cytokine-Induced Key Features of Arthritis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010128. [PMID: 33374446 PMCID: PMC7794893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate tissue engineered models are required to further understand the (patho)physiological mechanism involved in the destructive processes of cartilage and subchondral bone during rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, we developed a human in vitro 3D osteochondral tissue model (OTM), mimicking cytokine-induced cellular and matrix-related changes leading to cartilage degradation and bone destruction in order to ultimately provide a preclinical drug screening tool. To this end, the OTM was engineered by co-cultivation of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived bone and cartilage components in a 3D environment. It was comprehensively characterized on cell, protein, and mRNA level. Stimulating the OTM with pro-inflammatory cytokines, relevant in RA (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, macrophage migration inhibitory factor), caused cell- and matrix-related changes, resulting in a significantly induced gene expression of lactate dehydrogenase A, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor α in both, cartilage and bone, while the matrix metalloproteases 1 and 3 were only induced in cartilage. Finally, application of target-specific drugs prevented the induction of inflammation and matrix-degradation. Thus, we here provide evidence that our human in vitro 3D OTM mimics cytokine-induced cell- and matrix-related changes—key features of RA—and may serve as a preclinical tool for the evaluation of both new targets and potential drugs in a more translational setup.
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17
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Robinson PC, Liew DFL, Liew JW, Monaco C, Richards D, Shivakumar S, Tanner HL, Feldmann M. The Potential for Repurposing Anti-TNF as a Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19. MED 2020; 1:90-102. [PMID: 33294881 PMCID: PMC7713589 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) currently has few effective treatments. Given the uncertainty surrounding the effectiveness and uptake of a vaccine, it is important that the search for treatments continue. An exaggerated inflammatory state is likely responsible for much of the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, have been shown to be associated with increased COVID-19 mortality. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, TNF blockade reduces not only biologically active TNF but other pro-inflammatory cytokines important in COVID-19 hyperinflammation. Observational data from patients already on anti-TNF therapy show a reduced rate of COVID-19 poor outcomes and death compared with other immune-suppressing therapies. Anti-TNF has a long history of safe use, including in special at-risk populations, and is widely available. The case to adequately assess anti-TNF as a treatment for COVID-19 is compelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Robinson
- University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David F L Liew
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean W Liew
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Duncan Richards
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Senthuran Shivakumar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen L Tanner
- University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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18
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Hameister R, Lohmann CH, Dheen ST, Singh G, Kaur C. The effect of TNF-α on osteoblasts in metal wear-induced periprosthetic bone loss. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:827-839. [PMID: 33179535 PMCID: PMC7672328 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.911.bjr-2020-0001.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to examine the effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on osteoblasts in metal wear-induced bone loss. Methods TNF-α immunoexpression was examined in periprosthetic tissues of patients with failed metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties and also in myeloid MM6 cells after treatment with cobalt ions. Viability and function of human osteoblast-like SaOs-2 cells treated with recombinant TNF-α were studied by immunofluorescence, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Macrophages, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells displayed strong TNF-α immunoexpression in periprosthetic tissues containing metal wear debris. Colocalization of TNF-α with the macrophage marker CD68 and the pan-T cell marker CD3 confirmed TNF-α expression in these cells. Cobalt-treated MM6 cells secreted more TNF-α than control cells, reflecting the role of metal wear products in activating the TNF-α pathway in the myeloid cells. While TNF-α did not alter the immunoexpression of the TNF-receptor 1 (TNF-R1) in SaOs-2 cells, it increased the release of the soluble TNF-receptor 1 (sTNF-R1). There was also evidence for TNF-α-induced apoptosis. TNF-α further elicited the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress markers inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE)-1α, binding-immunoglobulin protein (BiP), and endoplasmic oxidoreductin1 (Ero1)-Lα. In addition, TNF-α decreased pro-collagen I α 1 secretion without diminishing its synthesis. TNF-α also induced an inflammatory response in SaOs-2 cells, as evidenced by the release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the proinflammatory cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor. Conclusion The results suggest a novel osteoblastic mechanism, which could be mediated by TNF-α and may be involved in metal wear debris-induced periprosthetic bone loss. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(11):827–839.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hameister
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christoph H Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Jamilloux Y, Henry T, Belot A, Viel S, Fauter M, El Jammal T, Walzer T, François B, Sève P. Should we stimulate or suppress immune responses in COVID-19? Cytokine and anti-cytokine interventions. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102567. [PMID: 32376392 PMCID: PMC7196557 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic (COVID-19), which appeared in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread throughout the world, has forced clinicians and scientists to take up extraordinary challenges. This unprecedented situation led to the inception of numerous fundamental research protocols and many clinical trials. It quickly became apparent that although COVID-19, in the vast majority of cases, was a benign disease, it could also develop a severe form with sometimes fatal outcomes. Cytokines are central to the pathophysiology of COVID-19; while some of them are beneficial (type-I interferon, interleukin-7), others appear detrimental (interleukin-1β, -6, and TNF-α) particularly in the context of the so-called cytokine storm. Yet another characteristic of the disease has emerged: concomitant immunodeficiency, notably involving impaired type-I interferon response, and lymphopenia. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on COVID-19 immunopathology. We discuss the defective type-I IFN response, the theoretical role of IL-7 to restore lymphocyte repertoire, as well as we mention the two patterns observed in severe COVID-19 (i.e. interleukin-1β-driven macrophage activation syndrome vs. interleukin-6-driven immune dysregulation). Next, reviewing current evidence drawn from clinical trials, we examine a number of cytokine and anti-cytokine therapies, including interleukin-1, -6, and TNF inhibitors, as well as less targeted therapies, such as corticosteroids, chloroquine, or JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Jamilloux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Thomas Henry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Department of Pediatric rheumatology, nephrology, and dermatology, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France; National Referee Centre for Rheumatic and AutoImmune and Systemic diseases in childrEn (RAISE), Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Viel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Centre, Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France; National Referee Centre for Rheumatic and AutoImmune and Systemic diseases in childrEn (RAISE), Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Fauter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas El Jammal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno François
- Intensive care unit & Inserm CIC 1435 & Inserm UMR 1092, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Pascal Sève
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
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20
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Infusino F, Marazzato M, Mancone M, Fedele F, Mastroianni CM, Severino P, Ceccarelli G, Santinelli L, Cavarretta E, Marullo AGM, Miraldi F, Carnevale R, Nocella C, Biondi-Zoccai G, Pagnini C, Schiavon S, Pugliese F, Frati G, d’Ettorre G. Diet Supplementation, Probiotics, and Nutraceuticals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1718. [PMID: 32521760 PMCID: PMC7352781 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) global pandemic is a devastating event that is causing thousands of victims every day around the world. One of the main reasons of the great impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on society is its unexpected spread, which has not allowed an adequate preparation. The scientific community is fighting against time for the production of a vaccine, but it is difficult to place a safe and effective product on the market as fast as the virus is spreading. Similarly, for drugs that can directly interfere with viral pathways, their production times are long, despite the great efforts made. For these reasons, we analyzed the possible role of non-pharmacological substances such as supplements, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in reducing the risk of Sars-CoV-2 infection or mitigating the symptoms of COVID-19. These substances could have numerous advantages in the current circumstances, are generally easily available, and have negligible side effects if administered at the already used and tested dosages. Large scientific evidence supports the benefits that some bacterial and molecular products may exert on the immune response to respiratory viruses. These could also have a regulatory role in systemic inflammation or endothelial damage, which are two crucial aspects of COVID-19. However, there are no specific data available, and rigorous clinical trials should be conducted to confirm the putative benefits of diet supplementation, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Infusino
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Massimiliano Marazzato
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Paolo Severino
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino G. M. Marullo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristiano Pagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Addolorata, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialities “Paride Stefanini”, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (L.S.)
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21
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Angiogenic cytokines can reflect the synovitis severity and treatment response to biologics in rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:843-853. [PMID: 32461558 PMCID: PMC7272442 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and synoviocyte hyperplasia, called 'pannus,' are pathologic hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To determine the clinical significance of angiogenic cytokines in RA, the levels of pro-angiogenic cytokines, including VEGF, placenta growth factor (PlGF), and IL-6, were measured in the synovial fluid (SF, n = 54) and sera of RA patients (n = 157) using ELISA. Patients (n = 103) with disease activity score 28 (DAS28) > 3.2, which indicates moderate to high RA activity, underwent follow-up blood sampling at 6 months after treatment with conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (c-DMARD) or biologic DMARD (b-DMARD) including an anti-TNFα antibody, an anti-IL-6 antibody, and abatacept. Ultrasonography (US) was performed on affected joints to define the synovitis severity at the time of sampling. Consequently, in the SF of RA patients, PlGF and IL-6 levels correlated well with synovitis severity determined by US. In RA sera, VEGF and IL-6 levels were elevated in proportion to synovitis severity, correlating with conventional markers for disease activity, including ESR, CRP, and DAS28. In c-DMARD users (n = 53), serially monitored levels of serum VEGF, IL-6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) all decreased in good and moderate responders but not in nonresponders. In b-DMARD users (n = 49), only serum VEGF well represented the treatment response, while CRP nonspecifically decreased irrespective of the treatment outcome. By multivariable analysis, serum ΔVEGF, but not ΔESR or ΔCRP, was an independent factor associated with good and moderate responses to DMARD. In summary, the angiogenic cytokines PlGF and VEGF represent the synovitis severity of RA assessed by US. In patients receiving b-DMARD, serum VEGF may be more valuable than CRP in reflecting the treatment response.
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Jamilloux Y, Henry T, Belot A, Viel S, Fauter M, El Jammal T, Walzer T, François B, Sève P. Should we stimulate or suppress immune responses in COVID-19? Cytokine and anti-cytokine interventions. Autoimmun Rev 2020. [PMID: 32376392 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102567.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic (COVID-19), which appeared in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread throughout the world, has forced clinicians and scientists to take up extraordinary challenges. This unprecedented situation led to the inception of numerous fundamental research protocols and many clinical trials. It quickly became apparent that although COVID-19, in the vast majority of cases, was a benign disease, it could also develop a severe form with sometimes fatal outcomes. Cytokines are central to the pathophysiology of COVID-19; while some of them are beneficial (type-I interferon, interleukin-7), others appear detrimental (interleukin-1β, -6, and TNF-α) particularly in the context of the so-called cytokine storm. Yet another characteristic of the disease has emerged: concomitant immunodeficiency, notably involving impaired type-I interferon response, and lymphopenia. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on COVID-19 immunopathology. We discuss the defective type-I IFN response, the theoretical role of IL-7 to restore lymphocyte repertoire, as well as we mention the two patterns observed in severe COVID-19 (i.e. interleukin-1β-driven macrophage activation syndrome vs. interleukin-6-driven immune dysregulation). Next, reviewing current evidence drawn from clinical trials, we examine a number of cytokine and anti-cytokine therapies, including interleukin-1, -6, and TNF inhibitors, as well as less targeted therapies, such as corticosteroids, chloroquine, or JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Jamilloux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Thomas Henry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Department of Pediatric rheumatology, nephrology, and dermatology, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France; National Referee Centre for Rheumatic and AutoImmune and Systemic diseases in childrEn (RAISE), Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Viel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Centre, Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France; National Referee Centre for Rheumatic and AutoImmune and Systemic diseases in childrEn (RAISE), Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Fauter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas El Jammal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno François
- Intensive care unit & Inserm CIC 1435 & Inserm UMR 1092, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Pascal Sève
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
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Feldmann M, Maini RN, Woody JN, Holgate ST, Winter G, Rowland M, Richards D, Hussell T. Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed. Lancet 2020; 395:1407-1409. [PMID: 32278362 PMCID: PMC7158940 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | | | | | - Stephen T Holgate
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Matthew Rowland
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Duncan Richards
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Lv Y, Jing G, Zhu G, Luo H, Li B, Xie Y, Li C, Wang X. Effects and mechanism of the etanercept on pancreatic encephalopathy. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2615-2623. [PMID: 32323789 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic encephalopathy (PE) is a common fatal complication of acute pancreatitis (AP). Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interleukin (IL)‑6 are generated during AP, and act synergistically to promote PE and multisystem failure. Caerulein‑induced AP provides a convenient model to explore the role of proinflammatory cytokines in PE. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the TNF‑α inhibitor etanercept in PE models and elucidate the regulatory mechanisms. To model PE in vitro, rat hippocampal H19‑7/IGF‑IR neuronal cells were treated with 10 nmol/ml caerulein alone or in combination with etanercept (1, 10 or 100 µmol/ml). To model PE in vivo, rats were injected with 50 µg/kg caerulein alone or combined with 10 mg/kg etanercept. At 6 h after administration, it was noted that etanercept downregulated expression of TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑6 by negatively regulating NF‑κB (a master regulator of cytokine expression) signaling, and prevented the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Conversely, etanercept promoted the expression of the neurotrophic and anti‑inflammatory hypoxia‑inducible factor 1 α (HIF‑1α). In rat hippocampus, etanercept also reduced the levels of TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑6, upregulated HIF‑1α expression and inhibited the inflammatory response to reduce edema and neural necrosis. Together, these data suggested that etanercept could attenuate caerulein‑induced PE, at least in part via suppression of NF‑κB signaling and alleviation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Guojie Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou First People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, P.R. China
| | - Honghai Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, P.R. China
| | - Baisheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, P.R. China
| | - Yituan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou First People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, P.R. China
| | - Caiming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou First People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
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Lee KH, Ahn BS, Cha D, Jang WW, Choi E, Park S, Park JH, Oh J, Jung DE, Park H, Park JH, Suh Y, Jin D, Lee S, Jang YH, Yoon T, Park MK, Seong Y, Pyo J, Yang S, Kwon Y, Jung H, Lim CK, Hong JB, Park Y, Choi E, Shin JI, Kronbichler A. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by animal studies using gene modulation: A comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102469. [PMID: 31918027 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are clinical syndromes that result from pathogenic inflammatory responses driven by inadequate immune activation by T- and B-cells. Although the exact mechanisms of autoimmune diseases are still elusive, genetic factors also play an important role in the pathogenesis. Recently, with the advancement of understanding of the immunological and molecular basis of autoimmune diseases, gene modulation has become a potential approach for the tailored treatment of autoimmune disorders. Gene modulation can be applied to regulate the levels of interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), interferon-γ and other inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting these cytokine expressions using short interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) or by inhibiting cytokine signaling using small molecules. In addition, gene modulation delivering anti-inflammatory cytokines or cytokine antagonists showed effectiveness in regulating autoimmunity. In this review, we summarize the potential target genes for gene or immunomodulation in autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). This article will give a new perspective on understanding immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases not only in animals but also in human. Emerging approaches to investigate cytokine regulation through gene modulation may be a potential approach for the tailored immunomodulation of some autoimmune diseases near in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Ahn
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Cha
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Woo Jang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Choi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeong Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Oh
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Jung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeryun Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ha Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsong Suh
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Jin
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Jang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tehwook Yoon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonje Seong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Pyo
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmo Yang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngin Kwon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjean Jung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Kwang Lim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Beom Hong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoeun Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Choi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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González-Chávez SA, Quiñonez-Flores CM, Espino-Solís GP, Vázquez-Contreras JÁ, Pacheco-Tena C. Exercise Exacerbates the Transcriptional Profile of Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis. Cells 2019; 8:E1493. [PMID: 31766745 PMCID: PMC6952786 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) is recommended for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), but the molecular and biological mechanisms that impact the inflammatory process and joint destruction in RA remain unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of PE on the histological and transcriptional changes in the joints of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. AIA rats were subjected to PE on a treadmill for eight weeks. The joints were subjected to histological and microarray analysis. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by PE in the arthritic rats were obtained from the microarray. The bioinformatic analysis allowed the association of these genes in biological processes and signaling pathways. PE induced the differential expression of 719 genes. The DEGs were significantly associated with pathogenic mechanisms in RA, including HIF-1, VEGF, PI3-Akt, and Jak-STAT signaling pathways, as well as response to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. At a histological level, PE exacerbated joint inflammatory infiltrate and tissue destruction. The PE exacerbated the stressed joint environment aggravating the inflammatory process, the hypoxia, and the oxidative stress, conditions described as detrimental in the RA joints. Research on the effect of PE on the pathogenesis process of RA is still necessary for animal models and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Aideé González-Chávez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (S.A.G.-C.); (C.P.-T.); (G.P.E.-S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico
| | - Celia María Quiñonez-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (S.A.G.-C.); (C.P.-T.); (G.P.E.-S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Pavel Espino-Solís
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (S.A.G.-C.); (C.P.-T.); (G.P.E.-S.)
| | | | - César Pacheco-Tena
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (S.A.G.-C.); (C.P.-T.); (G.P.E.-S.)
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27
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Dexamethasone palmitate nanoparticles: An efficient treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. J Control Release 2019; 296:179-189. [PMID: 30659904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, bone and cartilage erosion. The use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of RA is hampered by significant side effects induced by their unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Delivering glucocorticoids by means of nanotechnologies is promising but the encapsulation of highly crystalline and poorly water-soluble drugs results in poor loading and low stability. We report here the design of 130 nm nanoparticles made of solely dexamethasone palmitate, stabilized by polyethylene glycol-linked phospholipids displaying a negative zeta potential (-55 mV), high entrapment efficiency and stability over 21 days under storage at 4 °C. X ray diffraction showed no crystallization of the drug. When incubated in serum, nanoparticles released free dexamethasone which explains the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrate in a murine collagen-induced arthritis model the improved therapeutic efficacy of these nanoparticles. Their passive accumulation in arthritic joints leads to disease remission and recovery of the joint structure at a dose of 1 mg/kg dexamethasone, without any adverse effects. Dexamethasone palmitate nanoparticles are promising in the treatment of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis with a very significant difference occurring at the late stage of inflammation allowing to prevent the progression of the disease.
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28
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Novel Anti-arthritic Mechanisms of Polydatin in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats: Involvement of IL-6, STAT-3, IL-17, and NF-кB. Inflammation 2018; 41:1974-1986. [PMID: 29982962 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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29
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Kamel KM, Gad AM, Mansour SM, Safar MM, Fawzy HM. Novel Anti-arthritic Mechanisms of Polydatin in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats: Involvement of IL-6, STAT-3, IL-17, and NF-кB. Inflammation 2018. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-018-0841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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You S, Koh JH, Leng L, Kim WU, Bucala R. The Tumor-Like Phenotype of Rheumatoid Synovium: Molecular Profiling and Prospects for Precision Medicine. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:637-652. [PMID: 29287304 PMCID: PMC5920713 DOI: 10.1002/art.40406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by destructive hyperplasia of the synovium. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are a major component of synovial pannus and actively participate in the pathologic progression of RA. How rheumatoid FLS acquire and sustain such a uniquely aggressive phenotype remains poorly understood. We describe the current state of knowledge of the molecular alterations in rheumatoid FLS at the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels, which offers a means to reconstruct the pathways leading to rheumatoid pannus. Such data provide new pathologic insight and suggest means to more sensitively assess disease activity and response to therapy, as well as support new avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyong You
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jung Hee Koh
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Geng Q, Wei Q, Wang S, Qi H, Zhu Q, Liu X, Shi X, Wen S. Physcion 8‑O‑β‑glucopyranoside extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum exhibits anti‑proliferative and anti‑inflammatory effects on MH7A rheumatoid arthritis‑derived fibroblast‑like synoviocytes through the TGF‑β/MAPK pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:745-754. [PMID: 29717774 PMCID: PMC6034927 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic effect of physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside (POGD) and its possible mechanisms. The anti-proliferative effects of POGD on MH7A cells were detected using a CCK-8 assay, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and IL-17A, were determined by ELISA. A type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model was established to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of POGD in vivo. The paw volumes, arthritis indices and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A were determined by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and the expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)4, Smad7, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated (p-)JNK, p-P38, P38, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, ERK1/2, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in the nucleus (N), cytosolic NF-κB p65 (C), and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) were determined by western blot analysis. The results indicated that POGD significantly inhibited MH7A cell growth. POGD markedly inhibited paw swelling and the arthritis indices of the CIA rats, and POGD may also inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, POGD downregulated the expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad4, NF-κB p65 (N), p38, p-p38, p-ERK1/2, JNK, p-JNK, TGF-β1, Smad4, p-JNK, JNK, p-P38, P38, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2 and NF-κB p65 (N), and upregulated the Smad7, NF-κB p65 (C) and IκB in TNF-α induced MH7A cells. In conclusion, the results suggested that POGD is a promising potential anti-inflammatory drug, and that POGD may decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators via inhibiting the TGF-β/NF-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Geng
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Qiaofeng Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Huili Qi
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Shuyun Wen
- Dezhou People's Hospital, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rheumatology, Dezhou, Shandong 253000, P.R. China
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32
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Cantatore FP, Maruotti N, Corrado A, Ribatti D. Anti-angiogenic effects of biotechnological therapies in rheumatic diseases. Biologics 2017; 11:123-128. [PMID: 29276377 PMCID: PMC5733924 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s143674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Angiogenesis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of numerous rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and vasculitides. Therefore, the inhibition of pathological angiogenesis may be considered a useful therapeutical approach in these rheumatic diseases. Methods This review article is based on a literature research about the role of biotechnological therapies in angiogenesis inhibition. Results and conclusions Several evidences have demonstrated a role for biotechnological therapies in angiogenesis inhibition. Nevertheless, further research and clinical trials are needed to better quantify the real impact of biotechnological therapies on pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia
| | - Nicola Maruotti
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia
| | - Addolorata Corrado
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School.,National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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Zhang Y, Gan C, Zhang J, Chen D. LPS‑induced downregulation of microRNA‑204/211 upregulates and stabilizes Angiopoietin‑1 mRNA in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6081-6087. [PMID: 28901393 PMCID: PMC5865812 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1), a ligand of the endothelial cell-specific TIE2 surface receptor, acts in a complementary and coordinated manner with vascular endothelial growth factor during the process of angiogenesis. ANG-1 can be used as a clinically informative biomarker of disease severity and outcome in severe sepsis. The epithelium-specific Ets transcription factor 1 can activate ANG-1 transcription in the setting of inflammation; however, relatively little is known about the regulation of ANG-1 by microRNAs (miRs). It was observed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly increased ANG-1 mRNA and protein expression in EA.hy926 cells. ANG-1 was identified as a potential target gene of miR-204 and miR-211. Overexpression of miR-204/211 partially reversed the LPS-induced ANG-1 expression in EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-204/211 significantly reduced the activity of a luciferase reporter gene containing the wild-type ANG-1 3′-untranslated region (UTR), but did not influence the activity of a luciferase reporter gene containing the ANG-1 3′-UTR with a mutated miR-204/211 binding site, confirming that miR-204/211 can bind to the ANG-1 3′-UTR and post-transcriptionally regulate ANG-1. Additionally, LPS enhanced the stability of ANG-1 mRNA by reducing the abundance of miR-204/211. Overexpression of miR-204/211 reduced the migration of EA.hy926 cells in vitro. The present study demonstrated that ANG-1 is a novel direct target gene of miR-204 and miR-211; in addition, LPS was able to inhibit this effect by reducing the expression of miR-204 and miR-211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhang
- Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Gan
- Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jiangbo Zhang
- Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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Eektimmerman F, Swen JJ, Böhringer S, Huizinga TW, Kooloos WM, Allaart CF, Guchelaar HJ. Pathway analysis to identify genetic variants associated with efficacy of adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacogenomics 2017. [PMID: 28639493 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM About 30% of rheumatoid arthritis patients have no clinical benefit from TNF inhibitors. Genome-wide association (GWA) and candidate gene studies tested several putative genetic variants for TNF inhibitor efficacy with inconclusive results. Therefore, this study applied a systematic pathway analysis. PATIENTS & METHODS A total of 325 rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with adalimumab were genotyped for 223 SNPs. We tested the association between SNPs and European League Against Rheumatism response and remission at 14 weeks under the additive genetic model using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 3 SNPs located in CD40LG (rs1126535), TANK (rs1267067) and VEGFA (rs25648) showed association with both end points. TNFAIP3 (rs2230926) had the strongest effect related to European League Against Rheumatism response. CONCLUSION This exploratory study suggests that TNFAIP3, CD40LG, TANK and VEGFA play a role in the response to adalimumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Eektimmerman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse J Swen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Böhringer
- Department of Medical Statistics & Bio-Informatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wj Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter M Kooloos
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia F Allaart
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leblond A, Allanore Y, Avouac J. Targeting synovial neoangiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:594-601. [PMID: 28414154 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), neoangiogenesis is an early and crucial event to promote the development of the hyperplasic proliferative pathologic synovium. Endothelial cells are critical for the formation of new blood vessels since they highly contribute to angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Current therapies in RA target the inflammatory consequences of autoimmune activation and despite major improvements these last years still refractory patients or incomplete responders may be seen raising the point of the need to identify complementary additive and innovative therapies. This review resumes the mechanisms of synovial neoangiogenesis in RA, including recent insights on the implication of vasculogenesis, and the regulation of synovial neoangiogenesis by angiogenic and inflammatory mediators. In line with the recent development of vascular-targeted therapies used in cancer and beyond, we also discuss possible therapeutic implications in RA, in particular the combination of targeted immunotherapies with anti-angiogenic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Leblond
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Avouac
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.
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Zhang W, Li F, Gao W. Tripterygium wilfordii Inhibiting Angiogenesis for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. J Natl Med Assoc 2017; 109:142-148. [PMID: 28599756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a serious pre-vascular inflammatory phase, followed by significant increase in vessel growth. Inhibition of angiogenesis is a novel therapeutic strategy against RA. The Chinese herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii, Hook. f. (TwHf) has been reported to be therapeutically efficacious in the treatment of RA. Recent studies have revealed that treatment with TwHf extracts inhibit angiogenesis of RA, thereby elaborately attenuation RA symptom. This review mainly addresses the anti-angiogenesis effect of TwHf in treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Fengtan Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China.
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Hull DN, Cooksley H, Chokshi S, Williams RO, Abraham S, Taylor PC. Increase in circulating Th17 cells during anti-TNF therapy is associated with ultrasonographic improvement of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:303. [PMID: 28010726 PMCID: PMC5180397 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-TNF agents have revolutionised rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment; however, a third of patients fail to achieve therapeutic responses. Unexpectedly, studies in murine and human arthritis have indicated that anti-TNF treatment can increase circulating T helper 17 (Th17) cells, but the relationship to treatment response is unclear. To identify immune correlates of anti-TNF treatment response, we conducted a longitudinal study using clinical, ultrasound and T cell assessments. METHODS Patients with RA (n = 25) were studied at protocol visits during the initial 12 weeks of anti-TNF treatment. Improvement in the disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS28) >1.2 defined treatment responders (n = 16) and non-responders (n = 9). Changes in synovial thickening and vascularity of 10 metacarpophalangeal joints were quantitatively assessed by grey scale and power Doppler ultrasound. The frequency of circulating Th17 cells was determined by IL17 enzyme-linked immunospot assay (Elispot) and flow cytometry (fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)). RESULTS The frequency of circulating IL17-producing cells increased significantly 12 weeks after anti-TNF initiation (Elispot median (range) specific spot forming cells (spSFC)/106 360 (280-645) vs 632 (367 - 1167), p = 0.003). The increase in CD4 + IL17+ cells at 12 weeks was confirmed by FACS (median (range) %, 0.7 (0.5-0.9) vs 1.05 (0.6-1.3); p = 0.01). The increase in circulating Th17 cells inversely correlated with reduction in synovial vascularity (r = -0.68, p = 0.007) and thickening (r = -0.39; p = 0.04). Higher frequencies of circulating Th17 cells at baseline were associated with poorer anti-TNF treatment response defined by ultrasonographic measures. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a link between changes in circulating Th17 cells with resolution of ultrasonographic features of synovial inflammation and vascularity during anti-TNF treatment. The findings may reflect redistribution of Th17 cells from inflamed joints or TNF-driven regulation of Th17 cell production. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01060098 . Registered 29 January 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrina N Hull
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Helen Cooksley
- Institute of Hepatology, The Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NT, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology, The Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NT, UK
| | - Richard O Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Sonya Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter C Taylor
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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Langkilde A, Olsen LC, Sætrom P, Drabløs F, Besenbacher S, Raaby L, Johansen C, Iversen L. Pathway Analysis of Skin from Psoriasis Patients after Adalimumab Treatment Reveals New Early Events in the Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Anti-TNF-α. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167437. [PMID: 28005985 PMCID: PMC5179238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease. The immunopathogenesis is a complex interplay between T cells, dendritic cells and the epidermis in which T cells and dendritic cells maintain skin inflammation. Anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF)-α agents have been approved for therapeutic use across a range of inflammatory disorders including psoriasis, but the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of anti-TNF-α in lesional psoriatic skin are not fully understood. We investigated early events in skin from psoriasis patients after treatment with anti-TNF-α antibodies by use of bioinformatics tools. We used the Human Gene 1.0 ST Array to analyse gene expression in punch biopsies taken from psoriatic patients before and also 4 and 14 days after initiation of treatment with the anti-TNF-α agent adalimumab. The gene expression was analysed by gene set enrichment analysis using the Functional Annotation Tool from DAVID Bioinformatics Resources. The most enriched pathway was visualised by the Pathview Package on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) graphs. The analysis revealed new very early events in psoriasis after adalimumab treatment. Some of these events have been described after longer periods of anti-TNF-α treatment when clinical and histological changes appear, suggesting that effects of anti-TNF-α treatment on gene expression appear very early before clinical and histological changes. Combining microarray data on biopsies from psoriasis patients with pathway analysis allowed us to integrate in vitro findings into the identification of mechanisms that may be important in vivo. Furthermore, these results may reflect primary effect of anti-TNF-α treatment in contrast to studies of gene expression changes following clinical and histological changes, which may reflect secondary changes correlated to the healing of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Langkilde
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lene C. Olsen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, NORWAY
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, NORWAY
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, NORWAY
| | - Finn Drabløs
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, NORWAY
| | | | - Line Raaby
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Claus Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Voon FL, Sulaiman MR, Akhtar MN, Idris MF, Akira A, Perimal EK, Israf DA, Ming-Tatt L. Cardamonin (2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone) isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. inhibits CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 794:127-134. [PMID: 27845065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. had been traditionally used as herbs to treat pain and rheumatism. Cardamonin (2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone) is a compound isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.. Previous study had shown the potential of cardamonin in inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vitro. Thus, the possible therapeutic effect of cardamonin in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints is postulated. This study was performed to investigate the anti-arthritic properties of cardamonin in rat model of induced RA, particularly on the inflammatory and pain response of RA. Rheumatoid arthritis paw inflammation was induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in Sprague Dawley rats. Using four doses of cardamonin (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0mg/kg), anti-arthritic activity was evaluated through the paw edema, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia responses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to evaluate the plasma level of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Histological slides were prepared from the harvested rat paws to observe the arthritic changes in the joints. Behavioral, biochemical, and histological studies showed that cardamonin demonstrated significant inhibition on RA-induced inflammatory and pain responses as well as progression of joint destruction in rats. ELISA results showed that there was significant inhibition in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in plasma of the cardamonin-treated RA rats. Overall, cardamonin possesses potential anti-arthritic properties in CFA-induced RA rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fui-Ling Voon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Roslan Sulaiman
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fauzi Idris
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Akira
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Enoch Kumar Perimal
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Ming-Tatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Kozyreva TV, Khramova GM, Voronova IP, Evtushenko AA. The influence of cooling and TRPM8 ion channel activation on the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in normotensive and hypertensive rats. J Therm Biol 2016; 61:119-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Deng W, Feng X, Li X, Wang D, Sun L. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in autoimmune diseases. Cell Immunol 2016; 303:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Tarnowski M, Paradowska-Gorycka A, Dąbrowska-Zamojcin E, Czerewaty M, Słuczanowska-Głąbowska S, Pawlik A. The effect of gene polymorphisms on patient responses to rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 12:41-55. [PMID: 26609565 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease leading to joint destruction. The therapy of RA is mainly based on disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biological drugs. The response to treatment is different among patients. Therefore, we have searched for factors that may predict the efficacy and toxicity during therapy in individual patients. AREAS COVERED This review presents the role of genetic polymorphisms as predictors of the efficacy and toxicity during the therapy of RA patients with DMARDs (methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine) and biological drugs (anti-TNF-alpha antagonists, Tocilizumab, Rituximab). EXPERT OPINION Despite studies having shown an association between genetic polymorphisms and response to therapy in RA patients, the majority of these findings are still inconclusive and inconsistent. We are still far from applying pharmacogenetic tests in routine clinical practice that can predict the outcome of treatment. Several factors, such as small sample size with low statistical power, variability in the outcome definitions and the heterogeneity of the cohorts, limited number of tested single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small effect for the selected variant, and a lack of consideration of epigenetic factors, may contribute to the inconsistency observed and may lead to limited success in personalizing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- a Department of Physiology , Pomeranian Medical University , 70-111 Szczecin , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation , 02-637 Warszawa , Poland
| | | | - Michal Czerewaty
- a Department of Physiology , Pomeranian Medical University , 70-111 Szczecin , Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- a Department of Physiology , Pomeranian Medical University , 70-111 Szczecin , Poland
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Chemical Hypoxia Brings to Light Altered Autocrine Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signalling in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:436525. [PMID: 26556954 PMCID: PMC4628658 DOI: 10.1155/2015/436525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a role for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in various aspects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. In this study we compared the effect of chemical hypoxia induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) on the expression of S1P metabolic enzymes and cytokine/chemokine secretion in normal fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and RAFLS. RAFLS incubated with CoCl2, but not S1P, produced less IL-8 and MCP-1 than normal FLS. Furthermore, incubation with the S1P2 and S1P3 receptor antagonists, JTE-013 and CAY10444, reduced CoCl2-mediated chemokine production in normal FLS but not in RAFLS. RAFLS showed lower levels of intracellular S1P and enhanced mRNA expression of S1P phosphatase 1 (SGPP1) and S1P lyase (SPL), the enzymes that are involved in intracellular S1P degradation, when compared to normal FLS. Incubation with CoCl2 decreased SGPP1 mRNA and protein and SPL mRNA as well. Inhibition of SPL enhanced CoCl2-mediated cytokine/chemokine release and restored autocrine activation of S1P2 and S1P3 receptors in RAFLS. The results suggest that the sphingolipid pathway regulating the intracellular levels of S1P is dysregulated in RAFLS and has a significant impact on cell autocrine activation by S1P. Altered sphingolipid metabolism in FLS from patients with advanced RA raises the issue of synovial cell burnout due to chronic inflammation.
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45
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Kim HY, Park SY, Lee SW, Lee HR, Lee WS, Rhim BY, Hong KW, Kim CD. Inhibition of HMGB1-induced angiogenesis by cilostazol via SIRT1 activation in synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104743. [PMID: 25126750 PMCID: PMC4134224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB-1) released from injured cells plays an important role in the development of arthritis. This study investigated the anti-angiogenic effects of cilostazol in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) of mice, and the underlying mechanisms involved. The expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF, NF-κB p65 and SIRT1 in synovial fibroblasts obtained from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were assessed by Western blotting, and in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis were analyzed. Tube formations by human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were significantly increased by direct exposure to HMGB1 or to conditioned medium derived from HMGB1-stimulated RA fibroblasts, and these increases were attenuated by cilostazol, the latter of which was blocked by sirtinol. HMGB1 increased the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF and concomitantly increased nuclear NF-κB p65 and DNA binding activity, but these effects of HMGB1 were inhibited by cilostazol. SIRT1 protein expression was time-dependently decreased (3–24 hr) by HMGB1, which was recovered by pretreatment with cilostazol (1–30 µM) or resveratrol, accompanying with increased SIRT1 deacetylase activity. In the tibiotarsal joint tissues of CIA mice treated with vehicle, HIF-1α- and VEGF-positive spots and CD31 staining were markedly exaggerated, whereas SIRT1 immunofluorescence was diminished. These variables were wholly reversed in cilostazol (30 mg/kg/day)-treated mice. Furthermore, number of blood vessels stained by von Willebrand factor antibody was significantly lower in cilostazol-treated CIA mice. Summarizing, cilostazol activated SIRT1 and inhibited NF-κB-mediated transcription, thereby suppressing the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF. In addition, cilostazol caused HIF-1α deacetylation by enhancing SIRT1 activity and reduced VEGF production, thereby had an anti-angiogenic effect in vitro studies and in CIA murine model.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cilostazol
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- HMGB1 Protein/immunology
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- NF-kappa B/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/complications
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Sirtuin 1/immunology
- Synovial Membrane/cytology
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
- Tetrazoles/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rin Lee
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yong Rhim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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A new strategy to deliver synthetic protein drugs: self-reproducible biologics using minicircles. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5961. [PMID: 25091294 PMCID: PMC4121613 DOI: 10.1038/srep05961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologics are the most successful drugs used in anticytokine therapy. However, they remain partially unsuccessful because of the elevated cost of their synthesis and purification. Development of novel biologics has also been hampered by the high cost. Biologics are made of protein components; thus, theoretically, they can be produced in vivo. Here we tried to invent a novel strategy to allow the production of synthetic drugs in vivo by the host itself. The recombinant minicircles encoding etanercept or tocilizumab, which are synthesized currently by pharmaceutical companies, were injected intravenously into animal models. Self-reproduced etanercept and tocilizumab were detected in the serum of mice. Moreover, arthritis subsided in mice that were injected with minicircle vectors carrying biologics. Self-reproducible biologics need neither factory facilities for drug production nor clinical processes, such as frequent drug injection. Although this novel strategy is in its very early conceptual stage, it seems to represent a potential alternative method for the delivery of biologics.
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Immunosuppression may exert a hypoxia-mediated carcinogenetic effect in long-standing fistulizing Crohn's disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26:575-6. [PMID: 24694737 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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The effects of infliximab or adalimumab on vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin 1 angiogenic factor levels in inflammatory bowel disease: serial observations in 37 patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:695-702. [PMID: 24562175 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infliximab and adalimumab effectiveness might be related with changes in angiogenic factors. The aim of the study was to compare the concentrations of angiogenic proteins in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy controls and to analyze changes in the levels during infliximab and adalimumab treatment. METHODS A prospective case-control study was conducted in 37 patients with IBD starting treatment with infliximab (16 with Crohn's disease and 6 with ulcerative colitis) or adalimumab (15 with Crohn's disease) and 40 control subjects. Four samples were taken from IBD patients, one before each of the first 3 doses of infliximab/adalimumab and one at week 14. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor, angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), angiopoietin 2, and Tie2 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Patients with IBD had higher VEGF levels than control subjects (511.5 ± 255.6 versus 395.5 ± 256.4; P = 0.05). Patients who achieved remission at the third dose of anti-TNF-alpha had lower VEGF levels at baseline (453.5 ± 250.7 versus 667.5 ± 153.9 pg/mL) and before the second (409.7 ± 217 versus 681.3 ± 350.6 pg/mL) and third (400.5 ± 222.8 versus 630.4 ± 243.1 pg/mL) doses compared with those with no remission (P < 0.05). Ang1 levels decreased before each treatment dose in patients who achieved remission (P < 0.05). High baseline VEGF levels predicted for a poor response to anti-TNF-alpha therapy (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve = 0.8), whereas high Ang1 levels were associated with disease remission (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve = 0.7). Concentrations of angiogenic proteins did not correlate with clinical activity scores. CONCLUSIONS Circulating VEGF and Ang1 levels decrease after anti-TNF-alpha therapy and may predict response to treatment. Whether these changes are a direct effect of anti-TNF-alpha therapy or a sign of disease improvement remains to be elucidated.
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Park SJ, Kim KJ, Kim WU, Cho CS. Interaction of mesenchymal stem cells with fibroblast-like synoviocytes via cadherin-11 promotes angiogenesis by enhanced secretion of placental growth factor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3003-10. [PMID: 24574497 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exist in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet the role of MSC in RA is elusive. Placental growth factor (PlGF) expression is increased in RA synovial fluids, and blocking of PlGF attenuates progression of arthritis in mice. In this study, we observed that PlGF induced chemotaxis of MSC in a dose-dependent manner, which was blocked by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 peptide. MSC exposed to PlGF elicited increased phosphorylation of Akt and p38 MAPK. PlGF-mediated chemotaxis was inhibited by PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), but not by ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059). Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) constitutively produced PlGF, but MSC released negligible amounts of PlGF. Of note, when FLS of RA patients and MSC were cocultured, PlGF production by FLS was significantly increased; such an increase was dependent on the number of added MSC. Moreover, coculture conditioned medium promoted chemotaxis of MSC and increased angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs assay, and these were suppressed by preincubation of the medium with anti-PlGF Ab. Transwell experiments revealed that MSC to FLS contact was required for the increase in PlGF production by coculture. Cadherin-11 was expressed both in FLS and MSC, and small interfering RNA knockdown of cadherin-11 in FLS significantly abrogated the enhanced PlGF production under coculture conditions. These data indicate that increased levels of PlGF in RA joints could induce the migration of MSC to the synovium, and interaction of migrated MSC with FLS via cadherin-11 may contribute to angiogenesis and chronic synovitis by enhancing the secretion of PlGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Park
- Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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Kageyama Y, Kobayashi H, Kato N, Shimazu M. Etanercept reduces the serum levels of macrophage chemotactic protein-1 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-009-0175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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