1
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Tanaka Y, Kozuma L, Hino H, Takeya K, Eto M. Abemaciclib and Vacuolin-1 decrease aggregate-prone TDP-43 accumulation by accelerating autophagic flux. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101705. [PMID: 38596406 PMCID: PMC11001778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
(Macro)autophagy is a cellular degradation system for unnecessary materials, such as aggregate-prone TDP-43, a central molecule in neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Abemaciclib (Abe) and vacuolin-1 (Vac) treatments are known to induce vacuoles characterized by an autophagosome and a lysosome component, suggesting that they facilitate autophagosome-lysosome fusion. However, it remains unknown whether Abe and Vac suppress the accumulation of aggregate-prone TDP-43 by accelerating autophagic flux. In the present study, the Abe and Vac treatment dose-dependently reduced the GFP/RFP ratio in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stably expressing the autophagic flux marker GFP-LC3-RFP-LC3ΔG. Abe and Vac also increased the omegasome marker GFP-ATG13 signal and the autophagosome marker mCherry-LC3 localized to the lysosome marker LAMP1-GFP. The Abe and Vac treatment decreased the intracellular level of the lysosome marker LAMP1-GFP in SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing LAMP1-GFP, but did not increase the levels of LAMP1-GFP, the autophagosome marker LC3-II, or the multivesicular body marker TSG101 in the extracellular vesicle-enriched fraction. Moreover, Abe and Vac treatment autophagy-dependently inhibited GFP-tagged aggregate-prone TDP-43 accumulation. The results of a PI(3)P reporter assay using the fluorescent protein tagged-2 × FYVE and LAMP1-GFP indicated that Abe and Vac increased the intensity of the PI(3)P signal on lysosomes. A treatment with the VPS34 inhibitor wortmannin (WM) suppressed Abe-/Vac-facilitated autophagic flux and the degradation of GFP-tagged aggregate-prone TDP-43. Collectively, these results suggest that Abe and Vac degrade aggregate-prone TDP-43 by accelerating autophagosome formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion through the formation of PI(3)P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tanaka
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Lina Kozuma
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Hino
- Division of Anatomical Science, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takeya
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masumi Eto
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari-shi, Ehime, Japan
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2
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Zhu L, Yang K, Ren Z, Yin D, Zhou Y. Metformin as anticancer agent and adjuvant in cancer combination therapy: Current progress and future prospect. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101945. [PMID: 38555742 PMCID: PMC10998183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin, as the preferred antihyperglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes, has been found to have a significant effect in inhibiting tumor growth in recent years. However, metformin alone in cancer treatment has the disadvantages of high dose concentrations and few targeted cancer types. Increasing studies have confirmed that metformin can be used in combination with conventional anticancer therapy to obtain more promising clinical benefits, which is expected to be rapidly transformed and applied in clinic. Some combination therapy strategies including metformin combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been proven to have more significant antitumor effects and longer survival time than monotherapy. In this review, we summarize the synergistic antitumor effects and mechanisms of metformin in combination with other current conventional anticancer therapies. In addition, we update the research progress and the latest prospect of the metformin-combined application in the cancer treatment. This work could provide more evidence and future direction for the clinical application of metformin in antitumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Kaiqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Detao Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China.
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China.
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3
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Alian DME, Helmy MW, Haroun M, Moussa N. Modulation of autophagy and apoptosis can contribute to the anticancer effect of Abemaciclib/Celecoxib combination in colon cancer cells. Med Oncol 2024; 41:43. [PMID: 38170401 PMCID: PMC10764487 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance and recurrence represent a great challenge in colorectal cancer management, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutics. Our objective is to evaluate the influence of Abemaciclib, Celecoxib, and their combination on both the autophagic and apoptotic machinery in an attempt to unravel the interplay between them in HCT-116 and Caco-2 cell lines. The MTT assay was used to assess the GI50 of the drugs. ELIZA was used to determine the protein levels of Beclin-1, LC3, Cox-2, and Bcl-2. Active Caspase-3 was determined by a colorimetric assay. Gene expression levels of ATG5, LC3, Beclin-1, and p62 were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. In HCT-116 cells, the GI50s for Abemaciclib and Celecoxib were 15.86 and 92.67 μM, respectively, while for Caco-2 cells, the GI50s were 7.85 and 49.02 μM for Abemaciclib and Celecoxib, respectively. Upon treatment of HCT-116 and Caco-2 cells with Abemaciclib, Celecoxib, and their combinations, ATG5, p62, LC3, and Beclin-1 gene expression levels were up-regulated. The protein levels of Beclin-1, LC3, and Caspase-3 were significantly increased, while Bcl-2 was decreased in both cell lines due to single and combined treatments. Both drugs, either alone or in combination, decreased the migration ability of the cells in both cell lines. To conclude, the treatment protocol has the potential to induce cell cycle arrest, diminish the potentiality of cells for migration, and initiate apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Further research is recommended to unravel the potential antitumor effects of Abemaciclib/Celecoxib combination in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Mohamed Elsayed Alian
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Medhat Haroun
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nermine Moussa
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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4
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Ziegler DV, Parashar K, Fajas L. Beyond cell cycle regulation: The pleiotropic function of CDK4 in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 98:51-63. [PMID: 38135020 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
CDK4, along with its regulatory subunit, cyclin D, drives the transition from G1 to S phase, during which DNA replication and metabolic activation occur. In this canonical pathway, CDK4 is essentially a transcriptional regulator that acts through phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB) and subsequent activation of the transcription factor E2F, ultimately triggering the expression of genes involved in DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression to S phase. In this review, we focus on the newly reported functions of CDK4, which go beyond direct regulation of the cell cycle. In particular, we describe the extranuclear roles of CDK4, including its roles in the regulation of metabolism, cell fate, cell dynamics and the tumor microenvironment. We describe direct phosphorylation targets of CDK4 and decipher how CDK4 influences these physiological processes in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian V Ziegler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kanishka Parashar
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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5
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Mancini MC, Noland RC, Collier JJ, Burke SJ, Stadler K, Heden TD. Lysosomal glucose sensing and glycophagy in metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:764-777. [PMID: 37633800 PMCID: PMC10592240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are cellular organelles that function to catabolize both extra- and intracellular cargo, act as a platform for nutrient sensing, and represent a core signaling node integrating bioenergetic cues to changes in cellular metabolism. Although lysosomal amino acid and lipid sensing in metabolism has been well characterized, lysosomal glucose sensing and the role of lysosomes in glucose metabolism is unrefined. This review will highlight the role of the lysosome in glucose metabolism with a focus on lysosomal glucose and glycogen sensing, glycophagy, and lysosomal glucose transport and how these processes impact autophagy and energy metabolism. Additionally, the role of lysosomal glucose metabolism in genetic and metabolic diseases will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina C Mancini
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Robert C Noland
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - J Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Susan J Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | | | - Timothy D Heden
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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6
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Kim SJ, Maric C, Briu LM, Fauchereau F, Baldacci G, Debatisse M, Koundrioukoff S, Cadoret JC. Firing of Replication Origins Is Disturbed by a CDK4/6 Inhibitor in a pRb-Independent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10629. [PMID: 37445805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, CDK4/6 inhibitors (palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib) have emerged as promising anticancer drugs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CDK4/6 inhibitors efficiently block the pRb-E2F pathway and induce cell cycle arrest in pRb-proficient cells. Based on these studies, the inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for treatment of advanced hormonal receptor (HR) positive breast cancers in combination with hormonal therapy. However, some evidence has recently shown unexpected effects of the inhibitors, underlining a need to characterize the effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors beyond pRb. Our study demonstrates how palbociclib impairs origin firing in the DNA replication process in pRb-deficient cell lines. Strikingly, despite the absence of pRb, cells treated with palbociclib synthesize less DNA while showing no cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, this CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment disturbs the temporal program of DNA replication and reduces the density of replication forks. Cells treated with palbociclib show a defect in the loading of the Pre-initiation complex (Pre-IC) proteins on chromatin, indicating a reduced initiation of DNA replication. Our findings highlight hidden effects of palbociclib on the dynamics of DNA replication and of its cytotoxic consequences on cell viability in the absence of pRb. This study provides a potential therapeutic application of palbociclib in combination with other drugs to target genomic instability in pRB-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Kim
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR9019, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Chrystelle Maric
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Lina-Marie Briu
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Fauchereau
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Baldacci
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Michelle Debatisse
- CNRS UMR9019, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Koundrioukoff
- CNRS UMR9019, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Zhou H, Duan C, Qin H, Huang C, Hou J, Chen Y, Zhu J, Xu C, Jin J, Zhuang T. Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel palbociclib-kaempferol cocrystal with improved tabletability and synergistic antitumor activity. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Applications and mechanisms of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, PD-0332991, in solid tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1053-1071. [PMID: 36087253 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal CDK4/6-Rb-E2F signal transduction is a common finding in tumors and is a driving factor for the excessive proliferation of various tumor cells. PD-0332991, a highly specific, small molecule inhibitor for CDK4 and 6, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth by abrogating the phosphorylating capacity of CDK4/6 and suppressing Rb phosphorylation. It has been promoted for the treatment of breast cancer and potentially for other tumor types such as liver cancers, lung cancers and sarcomas. Due to the risk of monotherapy resistance, PD-0332991 is commonly used in combination with other drugs. Such combination treatments have proved able to inhibit tumor proliferation more effectively, induce stronger senescence and apoptosis, and enhance the efficiency of immunotherapy. Therefore, tumor cells with senescence induced by PD-0332991 are now used as ideal screening tools of cytolytic drugs with more efficient and thorough anti-tumor properties. With more extensive understandings about the branching points between senescence and apoptosis, it is possible to refine the dosage of PD-0332991. Better characterization of resistant cells, of inhibitors and of adverse effects such as leukopenia are needed to overcome obstacles in the use of PD-0332991. In this review of PD-0332991 research, we hope to provide guidance of transitions from laboratory findings to clinical applications of PD-0332991 and to facilitate PD-0332991-based multi-inhibitor combination therapies for various tumors.
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9
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Liu Y, Wang X, Zeng X, Wu Y, Liu X, Tan J, Li X. Bioinformatics-based analysis of SUMOylation-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals a role of upregulated SAE1 in promoting cell proliferation. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1183-1202. [PMID: 35859792 PMCID: PMC9263891 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the expression profile and prognostic relevance of SUMO-related genes using publicly available data. A set of bioinformatics tools and experiments were integrated to explore the mechanism of the genes of interest. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis was used to construct a prognostic model. SUMO-2 and SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1 (SAE1) were upregulated in HCC. The enrichment analysis indicated that SUMO-2 and SAE1 might regulate the cell cycle. The downregulation of SAE1 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells, whereas the upregulation of the gene promoted cell proliferation. IGF2BP3 contributed to the upregulation of SAE1 in an N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-dependent way. Eventually, an SAE1-related risk score (SRRS) was developed and validated in HCC. SRRS could serve as an independent prognostic factor and predict the efficiency of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingzhi Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinghua Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, No. 29 Shuangtasi Street, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
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10
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Palbociclib regulates intracellular lipids in mammary tumor cells by secreting lipoprotein lipase. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:503-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Therapeutic potential of CDK4/6 inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:305-320. [PMID: 35264774 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of advanced and metastatic kidney cancer has entered a golden era with the addition of more therapeutic options, improved survival and new targeted therapies. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockade have all been shown to be promising strategies in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, little is known about the best therapeutic approach for individual patients with RCC and how to combat therapeutic resistance. Cancers, including RCC, rely on sustained replicative potential. The cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 are involved in cell-cycle regulation with additional roles in metabolism, immunogenicity and antitumour immune response. Inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6 are now commonly used as approved and investigative treatments in breast cancer, as well as several other tumours. Furthermore, CDK4/6 inhibitors have been shown to work synergistically with other kinase inhibitors, including mTOR inhibitors, as well as with immune checkpoint inhibitors in preclinical cancer models. The effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors in kidney cancer is relatively understudied compared with other cancers, but the preclinical studies available are promising. Collectively, growing evidence suggests that targeting CDK4 and CDK6 in kidney cancer, alone and in combination with current therapeutics including mTOR and immune checkpoint inhibitors, might have therapeutic benefit and should be further explored.
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12
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Qin M, Xin Y, Bian Y, Yang X, Xi T, Xiong J. Phosphorylation-Induced Ubiquitination and Degradation of PXR through CDK2-TRIM21 Axis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020264. [PMID: 35053380 PMCID: PMC8773821 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is activated by a variety of endogenous metabolites or xenobiotics. Its downstream target genes are involved in metabolism, inflammation and processes closely related to cancer. However, the stability regulation of PXR protein resulting from post-translational modification is still largely undefined. In the present study, primary mouse hepatocytes, hepatoma HepG2 cells and HEK 293T cells were used to investigate gene expression and protein interactions. The role of kinases was evaluated by RNA interference and overexpression constructs with or without PXR phosphorylation site mutations. The activity of CYP3A4 and P-gp was determined by enzymatic and substrate accumulation assays. It was found that E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of PXR and plays an important role in regulating the activity of PXR. On this basis, PXR phosphorylation-associated kinases were evaluated regarding regulation of the stability of PXR. We found cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) exclusively phosphorylates PXR at Ser350, promotes its disassociation with Hsp90/DNAJC7, and leads to subsequent TRIM21-mediated PXR ubiquitination and degradation. As well-known CDK inhibitors, dinaciclib and kenpaullone stabilize PXR and result in elevated expression and activity of PXR-targeted DMETs, including carboxylesterases, CYP3A4 and P-gp. The suppressed degradation of PXR by CDK2 inhibitors denotes dinaciclib-induced promotion of PXR-targeted genes. The findings of CDK2-mediated PXR degradation indicate a wide range of potential drug–drug interactions during clinical cancer therapy using CDK inhibitors and imply an alternative direction for the development of novel PXR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.Q.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.Q.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yong Bian
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.Q.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Tao Xi
- Research Center of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.Q.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Vanhevel J, Verlinden L, Loopmans S, Doms S, Janssens I, Bevers S, Stegen S, Wildiers H, Verstuyf A. The Combination of the CDK4/6 Inhibitor, Palbociclib, With the Vitamin D 3 Analog, Inecalcitol, Has Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Effects in Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer, But Has a More Limited Effect in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886238. [PMID: 35784555 PMCID: PMC9248359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Active vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], and its synthetically derived analogs possess potent anticancer properties. In breast cancer (BC) cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 blocks cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through different cell-type specific mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated if the combination of the potent vitamin D3 analog, inecalcitol, with a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, enhanced the antiproliferative effects of both single compounds in hormone-sensitive (ER+) BC, for which palbociclib treatment is already approved, but also in triple-negative BC (TNBC). Inecalcitol and palbociclib combination treatment decreased cell proliferation in both ER+ (T47D-MCF7) and TNBC (BT20-HCC1143-Hs578T) cells, with a more pronounced antiproliferative effect in the former. In ER+ BC cells, the combination therapy downregulated cell cycle regulatory proteins (p)-Rb and (p)-CDK2 and blocked G1-S phase transition of the cell cycle. Combination treatment upregulated p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1 protein expression in MCF7 cells, whereas it suppressed expression of these proteins in BT20 cells. Cell survival was decreased after inecalcitol treatment either alone or combined in MCF7 cells. Interestingly, the combination therapy upregulated mitochondrial ROS and mitotracker staining in both cell lines. Furthermore, in vivo validation in a MCF7 cell line-derived xenograft mouse model decreased tumor growth and cell cycle progression after combination therapy, but not in a TNBC BT20 cell line-derived xenograft model. In conclusion, we show that addition of a potent vitamin D3 analog to selective CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment results in increased antiproliferative effects in ER+ BC both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Vanhevel
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shauni Loopmans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Doms
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Janssens
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sien Bevers
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Center Leuven, University Hospitals (UV) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Annemieke Verstuyf,
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Hsieh TH, Liang ML, Zheng JH, Lin YC, Yang YC, Vo TH, Liou JP, Yen Y, Chen CH. Combining an Autophagy Inhibitor, MPT0L145, with Abemaciclib Is a New Therapeutic Strategy in GBM Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236117. [PMID: 34885226 PMCID: PMC8656550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in the world, only 25% of GBM patients were alive one year after diagnosis. Although Temozolamide combined with radiation therapy more effectively prolonged the survival rate than radiation alone, the overall survival rate is still dismal. Therefore, a new therapeutic strategy is urgently needed. CDK4/6 inhibitors are newly FDA-approved agents to treat HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced, and metastatic breast cancers, and preclinical results showed that CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly reduced cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, several studies have suggested that CDK4/6 inhibitor-induced non-genetic changes caused treatment failure, including autophagy activation. Therefore, this study aimed to combine an autophagy inhibitor, MPT0L145, with abemaciclib to improve therapeutic efficiency. The use of abemaciclib effectively inhibited cell proliferation via suppression of RB phosphorylation and induced autophagy activation in GBM cancer cells. MPT0L145 treatment alone not only blocked autophagy activation, but also induced generation of ROS and DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, MPT0L145 had a comparable penetration ability to TMZ in our blood brain barrier permeability assay. Combined MPT0L145 with abemaciclib significantly reduced cell proliferation, suppressed RB phosphorylation, and increased ROS production. In conclusion, the data suggested that blocking autophagy by MPT0L145 synergistically sensitized GBM cancer cells to abemaciclib and represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treating GBM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (J.-H.Z.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Lii Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Huei Zheng
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (J.-H.Z.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.-H.H.); (J.-H.Z.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Thanh-Hoa Vo
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yun Yen
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +88-62-2736-1661 (ext. 1588) (Y.Y.); +88-62-2736-1661 (ext. 3195) (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +88-62-2736-1661 (ext. 1588) (Y.Y.); +88-62-2736-1661 (ext. 3195) (C.-H.C.)
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15
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The Emerging Roles of Autophagy in Human Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111651. [PMID: 34829881 PMCID: PMC8615641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a process of cellular self-digestion, delivers intracellular components including superfluous and dysfunctional proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recycling and is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. In recent decades, autophagy has been found to help fight against a variety of human diseases, but, at the same time, autophagy can also promote the procession of certain pathologies, which makes the connection between autophagy and diseases complex but interesting. In this review, we summarize the advances in understanding the roles of autophagy in human diseases and the therapeutic methods targeting autophagy and discuss some of the remaining questions in this field, focusing on cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders.
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16
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Moldogazieva NT, Zavadskiy SP, Sologova SS, Mokhosoev IM, Terentiev AA. Predictive biomarkers for systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1147-1164. [PMID: 34582293 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1987217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the third cancer-related cause of death worldwide. In recent years, several systemic therapy drugs including sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib, ramucicurab, nivilumab, and pembrolizumab have been approved by FDA for advanced HCC. However, their insufficient efficacy, toxicity, and drug resistance require clinically applicable and validated predictive biomarkers.Areas covered: Our review covers the recent advancements in the identification of proteomic/genomic/epigenomic/transcriptomic biomarkers for predicting HCC treatment efficacy with the use of multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs), CDK4/6 inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Alpha-fetoprotein, des-carboxyprothrombin, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-2, and dysregulated MTOR, VEGFR2, c-KIT, RAF1, PDGFRβ have the potential of proteomic/genomic biomarkers for sorafenib treatment. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and albumin-bilirubin grade can predict the efficacy of other MKIs. Rb, p16, and Ki-67, and genes involved in cell cycle regulation, CDK1-4, CCND1, CDKN1A, and CDKN2A have been proposed for CD4/6 inhibitors, while dysregulated TERT, CTNNB1, TP53 FGF19, and TP53 are found to be predictors for ICI efficacy.Expert opinion: There are still limited clinically applicable and validated predictive biomarkers to identify HCC patients who benefit from systemic therapy. Further prospective biomarker validation studies for HCC personalized systemic therapy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T Moldogazieva
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.m. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University);, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey P Zavadskiy
- Department of Pharmacology, Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.m. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia, Russia
| | - Susanna S Sologova
- Department of Pharmacology, Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.m. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia, Russia
| | - Innokenty M Mokhosoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.i. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Terentiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.i. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
The introduction of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CKIs) has marked a major development in the standard treatment of advanced breast cancer. Extensive preclinical, translational and clinical research efforts into CKI agents are ongoing, and clinical application of this class of systemic anti-cancer therapy is anticipated to expand beyond metastatic breast cancer treatment. Emerging evidence indicates that mechanisms by which CKI agents exert their therapeutic effect transcend their initially expected impacts on cell cycle control into the realms of cancer immunology and metabolism. The recent expansion in our understanding of the multifaceted impact of CKIs on tumour biology has the potential to improve clinical study design, therapeutic strategies and ultimately patient outcomes. This review contextualises the current status of CKI therapy by providing an overview of the original and emerging insights into mechanisms of action and the evidence behind their current routine use in breast cancer management. Recent preclinical and clinical studies into CKIs across tumour types are discussed, including a synthesis of the more than 300 clinical trials of CKI-combination treatments registered as of November 2020. Key challenges and opportunities anticipated in the 2020s are explored, including treatment resistance, combination therapy strategies and potential biomarker development.
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18
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Zheng J, Zeng L, Tang M, Lin H, Pi C, Xu R, Cui X. Novel Ferrocene Derivatives Induce G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis through the Mitochondrial Pathway in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063097. [PMID: 33803555 PMCID: PMC8003055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, detailed information on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (HepG-2, SMMC-7721, and HuH-7) and normal human liver cell L02 treated by ferrocene derivatives (compounds 1, 2 and 3) is provided. The cell viability assay showed that compound 1 presented the most potent and selective anti-HCC activity. Further mechanism study indicated that the proliferation inhibition effect of compound 1 was associated with the cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and downregulation of cyclin D1/CDK4. Moreover, compound 1 could induce apoptosis in HCC cells by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease in Bcl-2, increase in BAX and Bad, translocation of Cytochrome c, activation of Caspase-9, -3, and cleavage of PARP. These results indicated that compound 1 would be a promising candidate against HCC through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest-related proliferation inhibition and mitochondrial pathway-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (R.X.)
| | - Liao Zeng
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (R.X.)
| | - Mingqing Tang
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (R.X.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (X.C.)
| | - Hongjun Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (R.X.)
| | - Chao Pi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China;
| | - Ruian Xu
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (R.X.)
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (R.X.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China;
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (X.C.)
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19
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AMPK Is the Crucial Target for the CDK4/6 Inhibitors Mediated Therapeutic Responses in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. STRESSES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is short, and PDAC is a cancer type that ranks fourth in the statistics regarding death due to cancer. Mutation in the KRAS gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer development, activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The activity of the AMPK as a cellular energy sensor is one of the fundamental mechanisms that can induce effective therapeutic responses against CDK4/6 inhibitors via adjusting the cellular and tumor microenvironment stress management. The phosphorylation of AMPKα at the different phosphorylation residues such as Thr172 and Ser 377 causes metabolic differentiation in the cells following CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment in accordance with an increased cell cycle arrest and senescence under the control of different cellular players. In this study, we examined the competencies of the CDK4/6 inhibitors LY2835219 and PD-0332991 on the mechanism of cell survival and death based on AMPK signaling. Both CDK4/6 inhibitors LY2835219 and PD-0332991 modulated different molecular players on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling axis in different ways to reduce cell survival in a cell type dependent manner. These drugs are potential inducers of apoptosis and senescence that can alter the therapeutic efficacy cells.
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20
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Shen J, Hu J, Wu J, Luo X, Li Y, Li J. Molecular characterization of long-term survivors of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7517-7537. [PMID: 33686022 PMCID: PMC7993728 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most fatal cancers, and the majority of patients die within three years. However, a small proportion of patients overcome this fatal disease and survive for more than five years. To determine the molecular characteristics of long-term survivors (survival ≥ 5 years), we analyzed the genomic and clinical data of hepatocellular carcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Cancer Genome Consortium databases, and identified molecular features that were strongly associated with the patients' prognosis. Genes involved in the cell cycle were expressed at lower levels in tumor tissues from long-term survivors than those from short-term survivors (survival ≤ 1 years). High levels of positive regulators of the G1/S cell cycle transition (cyclin-dependent kinase 2 [CDK2], CDK4, Cyclin E2 [CCNE2], E2F1, E2F2) were potential markers of poor prognosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients with TP53 mutations were mainly belonged to the short-term survivor group. Abemaciclib, an FDA-approved selective inhibitor of CDK4/6, inhibited the cell proliferation and tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, high G1/S transition-related gene levels and TP53 mutations are promising diagnostic biomarkers for short-term survivals, and abemaciclib may be a potential targeted drug for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Xiaoli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jue Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200124, China
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21
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Zhu Y, Ke KB, Xia ZK, Li HJ, Su R, Dong C, Zhou FM, Wang L, Chen R, Wu SG, Zhao H, Gu P, Leung KS, Wong MH, Lu G, Zhang JY, Jiang BH, Qiu JG, Shi XN, Lin MCM. Discovery of vanoxerine dihydrochloride as a CDK2/4/6 triple-inhibitor for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med 2021; 27:15. [PMID: 33579185 PMCID: PMC7879659 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-dependent kinases 2/4/6 (CDK2/4/6) play critical roles in cell cycle progression, and their deregulations are hallmarks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We used the combination of computational and experimental approaches to discover a CDK2/4/6 triple-inhibitor from FDA approved small-molecule drugs for the treatment of HCC. Results We identified vanoxerine dihydrochloride as a new CDK2/4/6 inhibitor, and a strong cytotoxicdrugin human HCC QGY7703 and Huh7 cells (IC50: 3.79 μM for QGY7703and 4.04 μM for Huh7 cells). In QGY7703 and Huh7 cells, vanoxerine dihydrochloride treatment caused G1-arrest, induced apoptosis, and reduced the expressions of CDK2/4/6, cyclin D/E, retinoblastoma protein (Rb), as well as the phosphorylation of CDK2/4/6 and Rb. Drug combination study indicated that vanoxerine dihydrochloride and 5-Fu produced synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro in Huh7 cells. Finally, in vivo study in BALB/C nude mice subcutaneously xenografted with Huh7 cells, vanoxerine dihydrochloride (40 mg/kg, i.p.) injection for 21 days produced significant anti-tumor activity (p < 0.05), which was comparable to that achieved by 5-Fu (10 mg/kg, i.p.), with the combination treatment resulted in synergistic effect. Immunohistochemistry staining of the tumor tissues also revealed significantly reduced expressions of Rb and CDK2/4/6in vanoxerinedihydrochloride treatment group. Conclusions The present study isthe first report identifying a new CDK2/4/6 triple inhibitor vanoxerine dihydrochloride, and demonstrated that this drug represents a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Department of Cadre Medical Branch, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Kun-Bin Ke
- Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Zhong-Kun Xia
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Jian Li
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory On Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong Su
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Feng-Mei Zhou
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Physiology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Guo Wu
- Department of Teaching and Research of Formulas of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Kwong-Sak Leung
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Man-Hon Wong
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory On Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Ge Qiu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xi-Nan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China. .,Department ofMedicine, Southwest Guizhou Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, Guizhou, China.
| | - Marie Chia-Mi Lin
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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22
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Hendrychová D, Jorda R, Kryštof V. How selective are clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors? Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1578-1598. [PMID: 33300617 DOI: 10.1002/med.21769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) has emerged as an efficient approach for treating breast cancer, and its clinical potential is expanding to other cancers. CDK4/6 inhibitors were originally believed to act by arresting proliferation in the G1 phase, but it is gradually becoming clear that the cellular response to these compounds is far more complex than this. Multiple context-dependent mechanisms of action are emerging, involving modulation of quiescence, senescence, autophagy, cellular metabolism, and enhanced tumor cell immunogenicity. These mechanisms may be driven by interactions with unexpected targets. We review cellular responses to the Food and Drug Administration-approved CDK4/6 inhibitors palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, and summarize available knowledge of other drugs undergoing clinical trials, including data on their off-target landscapes. We emphasize the importance of comprehensively characterizing drugs' selectivity profiles to maximize their clinical efficacy and safety and to facilitate their repurposing to treat additional diseases based on their target spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Hendrychová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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23
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Abemaciclib, A Selective CDK4/6 Inhibitor, Restricts the Growth of Pediatric Ependymomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123597. [PMID: 33271970 PMCID: PMC7760843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pediatric ependymomas are malignant pediatric brain tumors, and one-third of patients exhibit recurrence within two years of initial treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to find new agents to overcome these chemoresistant tumors and defer radiotherapy treatment. By using integrated bioinformatics and experimental validation, we demonstrated that abemaciclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, effectively inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death. Therefore, treatment with abemaciclib showed encouraging results in preclinical pediatric ependymoma models and provide a new therapeutic strategy in the future. Abstract Pediatric ependymomas are a type of malignant brain tumor that occurs in children. The overall 10-year survival rate has been reported as being 45–75%. Maximal safe surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemoradiation therapy is associated with the highest overall and progression-free survival rates. Despite aggressive treatment, one-third of ependymomas exhibit recurrence within 2 years of initial treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to find new agents to overcome chemoresistance and defer radiotherapy treatment since, in addition, radiation exposure may cause long-term side effects in the developing brains of young children. By using integrated bioinformatics and through experimental validation, we found that at least one of the genes CCND1 and CDK4 is overexpressed in ependymomas. The use of abemaciclib, a highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, effectively inhibited cell proliferation and reduced the expression of cell-cycle-related and DNA-repair-related gene expression via the suppression of RB phosphorylation, which was determined through RNA-seq and Western blot analyses. Furthermore, abemaciclib effectively induced cell death in vitro. The efficiency of abemaciclib was validated in vivo using subcutaneously implanted ependymoma tissues from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) in mouse models. Treatment with abemaciclib showed encouraging results in preclinical pediatric ependymoma models and represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treating challenging tumors in children.
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Xue Z, Lui VWY, Li Y, Jia L, You C, Li X, Piao W, Yuan H, Khong PL, Lo KW, Cheung LWT, Lee VHF, Lee AWM, Tsao SW, Tsang CM. Therapeutic evaluation of palbociclib and its compatibility with other chemotherapies for primary and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:262. [PMID: 33243298 PMCID: PMC7690146 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genomic analyses revealed that druggable molecule targets were only detectable in approximately 6% of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, a dependency on dysregulated CDK4/6-cyclinD1 pathway signaling is an essential event in the pathogenesis of NPC. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a specific CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, and its compatibility with other chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of NPC by using newly established xenograft models and cell lines derived from primary, recurrent, and metastatic NPC. METHODS We evaluated the efficacies of palbociclib monotherapy and concurrent treatment with palbociclib and cisplatin or suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) in NPC cell lines and xenograft models. RNA sequencing was then used to profile the drug response-related pathways. Palbociclib-resistant NPC cell lines were established to determine the potential use of cisplatin as a second-line treatment after the development of palbociclib resistance. We further examined the efficacy of palbociclib treatment against cisplatin-resistant NPC cells. RESULTS In NPC cells, palbociclib monotherapy was confirmed to induce cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in vitro. Palbociclib monotherapy also had significant inhibitory effects in all six tested NPC tumor models in vivo, as indicated by substantial reductions in the total tumor volumes and in Ki-67 proliferation marker expression. In NPC cells, concurrent palbociclib treatment mitigated the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in vitro. Notably, concurrent treatment with palbociclib and SAHA synergistically promoted NPC cell death both in vitro and in vivo. This combination also further inhibited tumor growth by inducing autophagy-associated cell death. NPC cell lines with induced palbociclib or cisplatin resistance remained sensitive to treatment with cisplatin or palbociclib, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings provide essential support for the use of palbociclib as an alternative therapy for NPC and increase awareness of the effective timing of palbociclib administration with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Our results provide a foundation for the design of first-in-human clinical trials of palbociclib regimens in patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yongshu Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lin Jia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chanping You
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenying Piao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Pek Lan Khong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lydia Wai Ting Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Victor Ho Fan Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anne Wing Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Cocco S, Leone A, Piezzo M, Caputo R, Di Lauro V, Di Rella F, Fusco G, Capozzi M, Gioia GD, Budillon A, De Laurentiis M. Targeting Autophagy in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217836. [PMID: 33105796 PMCID: PMC7660056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of different biological subtypes, with differences in terms of incidence, response to diverse treatments, risk of disease progression, and sites of metastases. In the last years, several molecular targets have emerged and new drugs, targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR and cyclinD/CDK/pRb pathways and tumor microenvironment have been integrated into clinical practice. However, it is clear now that breast cancer is able to develop resistance to these drugs and the identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms is paramount to drive further drug development. Autophagy is a highly conserved homeostatic process that can be activated in response to antineoplastic agents as a cytoprotective mechanism. Inhibition of autophagy could enhance tumor cell death by diverse anti-cancer therapies, representing an attractive approach to control mechanisms of drug resistance. In this manuscript, we present a review of autophagy focusing on its interplay with targeted drugs used for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cocco
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Piezzo
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Roberta Caputo
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Lauro
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Giuseppina Fusco
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Monica Capozzi
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Germira di Gioia
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (M.D.L.)
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26
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Digiacomo G, Fumarola C, La Monica S, Bonelli MA, Cretella D, Alfieri R, Cavazzoni A, Galetti M, Bertolini P, Missale G, Petronini PG. Simultaneous Combination of the CDK4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib With Regorafenib Induces Enhanced Anti-tumor Effects in Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2020; 10:563249. [PMID: 33072590 PMCID: PMC7539564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.563249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced hepatocarcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Alterations of the cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb pathway occur frequently in HCC, providing the rationale for its targeting at least in a molecular subset of HCC. In a panel of HCC cell lines, we investigated whether the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib might improve the efficacy of regorafenib, a powerful multi-kinase inhibitor approved as second-line treatment for advanced HCC after sorafenib failure and currently under clinical investigation as first-line therapy in combination with immunotherapy. In Rb-proficient cells, the simultaneous drug combination, but not the sequential schedules, inhibited cell proliferation, either in short or in long-term experiments, and induced cell death more strongly than individual treatments. Moreover, the combination significantly reduced spheroid cell growth and inhibited cell migration/invasion. The superior efficacy of palbociclib plus regorafenib emerged also under hypoxia and was associated with a significant down-regulation of CDK4/6-Rb-myc and mTORC1/p70S6K signaling. Moreover, regorafenib suppressed palbociclib-induced expression of cyclin D1 contributing to the cytotoxic effects of the combination. Besides these inhibitory effects on cell viability/proliferation, palbociclib and regorafenib reduced glucose uptake, although this effect was dependent on the cell model and on the oxygen availability (normoxia or hypoxia). Palbociclib and regorafenib combination impaired glucose uptake and utilization, down-regulating basal and hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, GLUT-1, and MCT4 proteins as well as the activity/expression of glycolytic enzymes (HK2, PFKP, aldolase A, PKM2). In addition, regorafenib alone reduced mitochondrial respiration. The combined treatment impaired glucose metabolism and respiration without enhancing the effects of the single agents. Our findings provide pre-clinical evidence for the effectiveness of palbociclib and regorafenib combination in HCC cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Fumarola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia La Monica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mara A Bonelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Cretella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavazzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maricla Galetti
- Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro (INAIL) Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bertolini
- Paediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Hino H, Iriyama N, Kokuba H, Kazama H, Moriya S, Takano N, Hiramoto M, Aizawa S, Miyazawa K. Abemaciclib induces atypical cell death in cancer cells characterized by formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles derived from lysosomes. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2132-2145. [PMID: 32304130 PMCID: PMC7293084 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cell cycle, the G1 /S transition is controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6-cyclin D complex. Constitutive activation of CDK4/6 dysregulates G1 /S transition, leading to oncogenic transformation. We found that 3 CDK4/6 inhibitors, abemaciclib, ribociclib, and palbociclib, exerted a cytocidal effect as well as a cytostatic effect at the G1 phase in cancer cell lines, including A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Among these inhibitors, abemaciclib exhibited the most potent cytotoxic effect. The cell-death phenotype induced by abemaciclib, which entailed formation of multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles, was not consistent with apoptosis or necroptosis. Abemaciclib blocked autophagic flux, resulting in accumulation of autophagosomes, however vacuole formation and cell death induced by abemaciclib were independent of autophagy. In addition, methuosis, a cell-death phenotype characterized by vacuole formation induced by excessive macropinocytosis, was excluded because the vacuoles did not incorporate fluorescent dextran. Of note, both formation of vacuoles and induction of cell death in response to abemaciclib were inhibited by vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitors such as bafilomycin A1 and concanamycin A. Live-cell imaging revealed that the abemaciclib-induced vacuoles were derived from lysosomes that expanded following acidification. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that these vacuoles contained undigested debris and remnants of organelles. Cycloheximide chase assay revealed that lysosomal turnover was blocked by abemaciclib. Furthermore, mTORC1 inhibition along with partial lysosomal membrane permeabilization occurred after abemaciclib treatment. Together, these results indicate that, in cancer cells, abemaciclib induces a unique form of cell death accompanied by swollen and dysfunctional lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Hino
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Anatomical Science, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Iriyama
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kokuba
- Joint Research Center for Basic Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kazama
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Moriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoharu Takano
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Hiramoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Aizawa
- Division of Anatomical Science, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Sager RA, Dushukyan N, Woodford M, Mollapour M. Structure and function of the co-chaperone protein phosphatase 5 in cancer. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:383-394. [PMID: 32239474 PMCID: PMC7193036 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that regulates many cellular functions including steroid hormone signaling, stress response, proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. PP5 is also a co-chaperone of the heat shock protein 90 molecular chaperone machinery that assists in regulation of cellular signaling pathways essential for cell survival and growth. PP5 plays a significant role in survival and propagation of multiple cancers, which makes it a promising target for cancer therapy. Though there are several naturally occurring PP5 inhibitors, none is specific for PP5. Here, we review the roles of PP5 in cancer progression and survival and discuss the unique features of the PP5 structure that differentiate it from other phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) family members and make it an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Natela Dushukyan
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mark Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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29
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Petroni G, Formenti SC, Chen-Kiang S, Galluzzi L. Immunomodulation by anticancer cell cycle inhibitors. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:669-679. [PMID: 32346095 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle proteins that are often dysregulated in malignant cells, such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6, have attracted considerable interest as potential targets for cancer therapy. In this context, multiple inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6 have been developed, including three small molecules (palbociclib, abemaciclib and ribociclib) that are currently approved for the treatment of patients with breast cancer and are being extensively tested in individuals with other solid and haematological malignancies. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that the anticancer activity of CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors results not only from their ability to block the cell cycle in malignant cells but also from a range of immunostimulatory effects. In this Review, we discuss the ability of anticancer cell cycle inhibitors to modulate various immune functions in support of effective antitumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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30
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Feng WW, Kurokawa M. Lipid metabolic reprogramming as an emerging mechanism of resistance to kinase inhibitors in breast cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3. [PMID: 32226926 PMCID: PMC7100881 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women in the United States. In general, patients with breast cancer undergo surgical resection of the tumor and/or receive drug treatment to kill or suppress the growth of cancer cells. In this regard, small molecule kinase inhibitors serve as an important class of drugs used in clinical and research settings. However, the development of resistance to these compounds, in particular HER2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors, often limits durable clinical responses to therapy. Emerging evidence indicates that PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway hyperactivation is one of the most prominent mechanisms of resistance to many small molecule inhibitors as it bypasses upstream growth factor receptor inhibition. Importantly, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway also plays a pertinent role in regulating various aspects of cancer metabolism. Recent studies from our lab and others have demonstrated that altered lipid metabolism mediates the development of acquired drug resistance to HER2-targeted therapies in breast cancer, raising an interesting link between reprogrammed kinase signaling and lipid metabolism. It appears that, upon development of resistance to HER2 inhibitors, breast cancer cells rewire lipid metabolism to somehow circumvent the inhibition of kinase signaling. Here, we review various mechanisms of resistance observed for kinase inhibitors and discuss lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target to overcome acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Feng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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Chen QF, Huang T, Si-Tu QJ, Wu P, Shen L, Li W, Huang Z. Analysis of competing endogenous RNA network identifies a poorly differentiated cancer-specific RNA signature for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2303-2317. [PMID: 31642123 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plenty of evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (PDHCC) is a malignant phenotype. This paper aimed to explore the effect and the underlying regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs on PDHCC as a kind of ceRNA. Additionally, prognosis prediction was assessed. A total of 943 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), 86 miRNAs, and 468 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between 137 PDHCCs and 235 well-differentiated HCCs were identified. Thereafter, a ceRNA network related to the dysregulated lncRNAs was established according to bioinformatic analysis and included 29 lncRNAs, 9 miRNAs, and 96 mRNAs. RNA-related overall survival (OS) curves were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. The lncRNA ARHGEF7-AS2 was markedly correlated with OS in HCC (P = .041). Moreover, Cox regression analysis revealed that patients with low ARHGEF7-AS2 expression were associated with notably shorter survival time (P = .038). In addition, the area under the curve values of the lncRNA signature for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival were 0.806, 0.741, and 0.701, respectively. Furthermore, a lncRNA nomogram was established, and the C-index of the internal validation was 0.717. In vitro experiments were performed to demonstrate that silencing ARHGEF7-AS2 expression significantly promoted HCC cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, our findings shed more light on the ceRNA network related to lncRNAs in PDHCC, and ARHGEF7-AS2 may be used as an independent biomarker to predict the prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Jiao Si-Tu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peihong Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lujun Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zilin Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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32
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Loretan L, Moskovszky LE, Kurrer M, Exner GU, Trojan A. Efficacy of a CDK4/6 Inhibitor in a Patient with Breast Cancer and Liposarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Breast Care (Basel) 2019; 14:325-328. [PMID: 31798393 PMCID: PMC6883449 DOI: 10.1159/000493370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclin D/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitor of the CDK4 (INK4)/retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression. Selective CDK4/6 inhibitors specifically target a variety of tumors, with the main focus on hormone receptor(HR)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative breast cancer (BC). CASE REPORT We report on the efficacy of neoadjuvant palbociclib and letrozole application in a patient suffering from invasive estrogen receptor (ER)+/HER2- BC and concurrent well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WD-DDLPS) of the thigh. Clinical and histological workup upon surgery revealed significant regressive changes in both the liposarcoma and the BC. The 24-month follow-up shows no signs of disease. CONCLUSION CDK4/6 inhibitors exhibit a high therapeutic potential, although reliable prognostic markers need to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Kurrer
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Pathologie Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Shao YY, Li YS, Hsu HW, Lin H, Wang HY, Wo RR, Cheng AL, Hsu CH. Potent Activity of Composite Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibition against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101433. [PMID: 31561409 PMCID: PMC6827105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in cell cycle regulators are common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We tested the efficacy of composite inhibition of CDKs 1, 2, 5, and 9 through dinaciclib on HCC. In vitro, dinaciclib exhibited potent antiproliferative activities in HCC cell lines regardless of Rb or c-myc expression levels. Dinaciclib significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of Rb (target of CDKs 1 and 2), ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (target of CDK5), and RNA polymerase II (target of CDK9) in the HCC cells. In xenograft studies, mice receiving dinaciclib tolerated the treatment well without significant body weight changes and exhibited a significantly slower tumor growth rate than the mice receiving vehicles. RNA interference (RNAi) of CDKs 1 and 9 was more effective in inhibiting the cell proliferation of HCC cells than RNAi of CDKs 2 and 5. Overexpression of CDK9 significantly reduced the efficacy of dinaciclib in HCC cells, but overexpression of CDK1 did not. In conclusion, composite inhibition of CDKs 1, 2, 5, and 9 through dinaciclib exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo activity against HCC. CDK9 inhibition might be the crucial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yun Shao
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Shi Li
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Wei Hsu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Rita Robin Wo
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
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De Mattia E, Cecchin E, Guardascione M, Foltran L, Di Raimo T, Angelini F, D’Andrea M, Toffoli G. Pharmacogenetics of the systemic treatment in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3870-3896. [PMID: 31413525 PMCID: PMC6689804 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i29.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of primary liver cancers. To date, most patients with HCC are diagnosed at an advanced tumor stage, excluding them from potentially curative therapies (i.e., resection, liver transplantation, percutaneous ablation). Treatments with palliative intent include chemoembolization and systemic therapy. Among systemic treatments, the small-molecule multikinase inhibitor sorafenib has been the only systemic treatment available for advanced HCC over 10 years. More recently, other small-molecule multikinase inhibitors (e.g., regorafenib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib) have been approved for HCC treatment. The promising immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab) are still under investigation in Europe while in the US nivolumab has already been approved by FDA in sorafenib refractory or resistant patients. Other molecules, such as the selective CDK4/6inhibitors (e.g., palbociclib, ribociclib), are in earlier stages of clinical development, and the c-MET inhibitor tivantinib did not show positive results in a phase III study. However, even if the introduction of targeted agents has led to great advances in patient response and survival with an acceptable toxicity profile, a remarkable inter-individual heterogeneity in therapy outcome persists and constitutes a significant problem in disease management. Thus, the identification of biomarkers that predict which patients will benefit from a specific intervention could significantly affect decision-making and therapy planning. Germ-line variants have been suggested to play an important role in determining outcomes of HCC systemic therapy in terms of both toxicity and treatment efficacy. Particularly, a number of studies have focused on the role of genetic polymorphisms impacting the drug metabolic pathway and membrane translocation as well as the drug mechanism of action as predictive/prognostic markers of HCC treatment. The aim of this review is to summarize and critically discuss the pharmacogenetic literature evidences, with particular attention to sorafenib and regorafenib, which have been used longer than the others in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Mattia
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
| | - Michela Guardascione
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
| | - Luisa Foltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
| | - Tania Di Raimo
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
- Medical Oncology and Anatomic Pathology Unit, “San Filippo Neri Hospital”, Rome 00135, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
- Medical Oncology and Anatomic Pathology Unit, “San Filippo Neri Hospital”, Rome 00135, Italy
| | - Mario D’Andrea
- Department of Oncology, “San Filippo Neri Hospital”, Rome 00135, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy
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Schoos A, Knab VM, Gabriel C, Tripolt S, Wagner DA, Bauder B, Url A, Fux DA. In vitro study to assess the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib (PD-0332991) for treating canine mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:507-521. [PMID: 31207004 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapy of canine mammary tumours (CMTs) with classical antitumour drugs is problematic, so better therapeutic options are needed. Palbociclib (PD-0332991) is an innovative and effective anticancer drug for the treatment of breast cancer in women. Palbociclib is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6, which are key regulators of the cell cycle machinery and thus cell proliferation. In the present in vitro study, we investigated whether Palbociclib also represents a candidate drug to combat CMT. For this purpose, the effect of Palbociclib was analysed in P114 and CF41 cells, two CMT cell lines with an endogenous CDK4/6 co-expression. Incubation of P114 and CF41 cells with Palbociclib resulted in a dose- and time-dependent loss of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb), a classical CDK4/6 substrate within the cell cycle machinery. Moreover, treatment of CMT cells with Palbociclib-induced cell cycle arrest affected cell viability, prevented colony formation and impaired cell migration activity. Palbociclib also inhibited the growth of P114 and CF41 cell spheroids. Immunohistochemical analysis of canine patient samples revealed a consistent expression of CDK6 in different canine mammary carcinoma types, but an individual and tumour-specific expression pattern of phosphorylated pRb independent of the tumour grade. Together, our findings let us suggest that Palbociclib has antitumour effects on CMT cells and that canine patients may represent potential candidates for treatment with this CDK4/6 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schoos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa M Knab
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cordula Gabriel
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Tripolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela A Wagner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bauder
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Url
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela A Fux
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Predictors of ribociclib-mediated antitumour effects in native and sorafenib-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:705-715. [PMID: 31250364 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) CDK4 and CDK6 are important regulators of the cell cycle and represent promising targets in cancer treatment. We aimed to investigate the relevance of CDK4/6 in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the potential of ribociclib, a novel orally available CDK4/6 inhibitor, as a treatment for HCC. METHODS The effect of ribociclib was assessed in native and sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines using viability assays, colony formation assays and FACS-based analyses. The expression of potential biomarkers of ribociclib response was assessed in cell lines and primary human hepatocytes using Western blotting. In addition, the prognostic relevance of the cyclin D-CDK4/6-retinoblastoma protein (Rb) pathway was assessed by analysing mRNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS We found that ribociclib downregulated Rb and caused a profound loss of cell viability by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest in HCC cell lines exhibiting Rb-high/p16-low protein expression profiles, but not in Rb-low/p16-high cells, regardless their sensitivity to sorafenib. siRNA-based Rb silencing decreased cell proliferation, but did not diminish the sensitivity of HCC cells to ribociclib. Furthermore, we found that ribociclib synergized with sorafenib to cause cell death. mRNA analysis of primary human HCC specimens showed that CDK4 expression was correlated with patient survival and that the expression of Rb and the p16-encoding CDKN2A gene were inversely correlated. CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that impairment of the cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb pathway is a frequent feature of HCC and that it is associated with a unfavourable prognosis. We also found that ribociclib exhibits a preferential antineoplastic activity in Rb-high HCC cells. Our results warrant further investigation of Rb and p16 expression as markers of HCC sensitivity to ribociclib.
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The Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase as a Potential Target of Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050647. [PMID: 31083406 PMCID: PMC6562911 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide with a very high recurrence rate and very dismal prognosis. Diagnosis and treatment in HCC remain difficult, and the identification of new therapeutic targets is necessary for a better outcome of HCC treatment. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is an essential intracellular energy sensor that plays multiple roles in cellular physiology and the pathological development of chronic diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the important regulation of AMPK in HCC. This review aims to comprehensively and critically summarize the role of AMPK in HCC. Methods: Original studies were retrieved from NCBI database with keywords including AMPK and HCC, which were analyzed with extensive reading. Results: Dysregulation of the kinase activity and expression of AMPK was observed in HCC, which was correlated with survival of the patients. Loss of AMPK in HCC cells may proceed cell cycle progression, proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion through different oncogenic molecules and pathways. Conclusions: We identified several AMPK activators which may possess potential anti-HCC function, and discussed the clinical perspective on the use of AMPK activators for HCC therapy.
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Pope ED, Kimbrough EO, Vemireddy LP, Surapaneni PK, Copland JA, Mody K. Aberrant lipid metabolism as a therapeutic target in liver cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:473-483. [PMID: 31076001 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1615883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers. Progress has been made in treatment of HCC; however, improved outcomes are much needed. The increased metabolic needs of cancer cells underscore the importance of metabolic pathways in cancer cell survival. Lipid metabolism has a role in HCC development; aberrant overexpression of several key enzymes is seen in many solid human tumors. Areas covered: We discuss aberrant lipid metabolism and the promise of multiple targets, in particular related to HCC treatment. We searched PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov for published and unpublished studies from 2000 to 2019. These terms were used: lipids, fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, liver cancer, HCC, de novo fatty acid synthesis, ATP citrate lyase, stearoyl CoA denaturase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, CD147, KLF4, monoglyceride lipase, AMP activated protein kinase. Expert opinion: The importance of dysregulation of fatty acid synthesis in cancer is a growing area of research. HCC demonstrates significant alteration in lipid metabolism, representing great potential as a target for novel therapeutics. Various agents have demonstrated promising anti-neoplastic activity. This strategy deserves further development for improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans D Pope
- a Cancer Clinical Studies Unit , Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville , FL , USA
| | | | | | | | - John A Copland
- d Department of Cancer Biology , Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville , FL , USA
| | - Kabir Mody
- c Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville , FL , USA
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Chen Y, Zhao ZX, Huang F, Yuan XW, Deng L, Tang D. MicroRNA-1271 functions as a potential tumor suppressor in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma through the AMPK signaling pathway by binding to CCNA1. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:3555-3569. [PMID: 30565670 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is mainly associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and characterized by metastasizing and infiltrating adjacent and distant tissues. Notably, microRNA-1271 (miR-1271) is a tumor suppressor in various cancers. Therefore, we evaluate the ability of miR-1271 to influence cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in HBV-associated HCC through the Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway via targeting CCNA1. HBV-associated HCC and adjacent normal tissues were collected to identify the expression of miR-1271 and CCNA1. To verify the relationship between miR-1271 and CCNA1, we used bioinformatics prediction and the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The effects of miR-1271 on HBV-associated HCC cell behaviors were investigated by treatment of the miR-1271 mimic, the miR-1271 inhibitor, or small interfering RNA against CCNA1. The HBV-DNA quantitative assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromid assay, scratch test, transwell assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect HBV-DNA replication, cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. MiR-1271 showed a low expression, whereas CCNA1 showed a high expression in HBV-associated HCC tissues. We identified that miR-1271 targeted and negatively regulated CCNA1. Upregulated miR-1271 and downregulated CCNA1 inhibited the HBV-associated HCC cell HBV-DNA replication, proliferation, migration, and invasion, while accelerating apoptosis by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. MiR-1271 promotes the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway by binding to CCNA1, whereby miR-1271 suppresses HBV-associated HCC progression. This study points to a potential therapeutic approach of downregulation of miR-1271 in HBV-associated HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen-Xian Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Eastern Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Jindal A, Thadi A, Shailubhai K. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Etiology and Current and Future Drugs. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:221-232. [PMID: 31024205 PMCID: PMC6477125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is swiftly increasing in prevalence globally with a high mortality rate. The progression of HCC in patients is induced with advanced fibrosis, mainly cirrhosis, and hepatitis. The absence of proper preventive or curative treatment methods encouraged extensive research against HCC to develop new therapeutic strategies. The Food and Drug Administration-approved Nexavar (sorafenib) is used in the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC. In 2017, Stivarga (regorafenib) and Opdivo (nivolumab) got approved for patients with HCC after being treated with sorafenib, and in 2018, Lenvima (lenvatinib) got approved for patients with unresectable HCC. But, owing to the rapid drug resistance development and toxicities, these treatment options are not completely satisfactory. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new systemic combination therapies that target different signaling mechanisms, thereby decreasing the prospect of cancer cells developing resistance to treatment. In this review, HCC etiology and new therapeutic strategies that include currently approved drugs and other potential candidates of HCC such as Milciclib, palbociclib, galunisertib, ipafricept, and ramucirumab are evaluated.
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Key Words
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ATP, adenosine 5′-triphosphate
- BMF, Bcl2 modifying factor
- BMI, body mass index
- CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- CTLA, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EFGR, endothelial growth factor receptor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT, Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GFG, fibroblast growth factor
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HBcAg, hepatitis B core antibody
- HBsAg, HBV surface antigen
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis B virus
- HDV, hepatitis D virus
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- IGFR, insulin-like growth factor
- JAK, janus kinase
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NK, natural killer
- NKT, natural killer T cell
- ORR, objective response rate
- OS, overall survival
- PAPSS1, 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthase 1
- PD-L1, programmed death ligand1
- PD1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PEDF, pigment epithelium-derived factor
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinases
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- PUMA, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis
- RFA, radiofrequency ablation
- Rb, retinoblastoma protein
- SCF, stem cell factor
- SHP1, src homology 2 domain–containing phosphatase 1
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TACE, transarterial chemoembolization
- TGF 1, transforming growth factor-1
- TK, tyrosine kinase
- TKI, Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- TRKA, tropomyosin receptor kinase A
- Treg, regulatory T cells
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- combination therapy
- cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- hepatology
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Jindal
- Research and Development Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
- Address for correspondence: Aastha Jindal, Research and Development Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA.
| | - Anusha Thadi
- Research and Development Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Kunwar Shailubhai
- Research and Development Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
- Research & Development, Tiziana Lifesciences, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
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Nur Husna SM, Tan HTT, Mohamud R, Dyhl-Polk A, Wong KK. Inhibitors targeting CDK4/6, PARP and PI3K in breast cancer: a review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918808509. [PMID: 30542378 PMCID: PMC6236629 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918808509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the global leading cause of cancer-related death in women and it
represents a major health burden worldwide. One of the promising breast cancer
therapeutic avenues is through small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) which have
undergone rapid progress with successful clinical trials. Recently, three
emerging and vital groups of proteins are targeted by SMIs for breast cancer
treatment, namely cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), poly (adenosine
diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).
Several of these inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of breast
cancer patients or progressed into late-stage clinical trials. Thus, modeling
from these successful clinical trials, as well as their limitations, is pivotal
for future development and trials of other inhibitors or therapeutic regimens
targeting breast cancer patients. In this review, we discuss eight recently
approved or novel SMIs against CDK4/6 (palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib),
PARP (olaparib, veliparib and talazoparib), and PI3K (buparlisib and alpelisib).
The mechanisms of action, series of clinical trials and limitations are
described for each inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hern-Tze Tina Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anne Dyhl-Polk
- Department of Oncology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
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Jorda R, Hendrychová D, Voller J, Řezníčková E, Gucký T, Kryštof V. How Selective Are Pharmacological Inhibitors of Cell-Cycle-Regulating Cyclin-Dependent Kinases? J Med Chem 2018; 61:9105-9120. [PMID: 30234987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are an important and emerging class of drug targets for which many small-molecule inhibitors have been developed. However, there is often insufficient data available on the selectivity of CDK inhibitors (CDKi) to attribute the effects on the presumed target CDK to these inhibitors. Here, we highlight discrepancies between the kinase selectivity of CDKi and the phenotype exhibited; we evaluated 31 CDKi (claimed to target CDK1-4) for activity toward CDKs 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9 and for effects on the cell cycle. Our results suggest that most CDKi should be reclassified as pan-selective and should not be used as a tool. In addition, some compounds did not even inhibit CDKs as their primary cellular targets; for example, NU6140 showed potent inhibition of Aurora kinases. We also established an online database of commercially available CDKi for critical evaluation of their utility as molecular probes. Our results should help researchers select the most relevant chemical tools for their specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Hendrychová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Voller
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
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Walker RC, Underwood TJ. Molecular pathways in the development and treatment of oesophageal cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 36-37:9-15. [PMID: 30551862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular pathways involved in the development and treatment of oesophageal cancer are complex. Recent large-scale genome sequencing studies have delivered novel insights into aetiology and possible targeted treatments. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and adenocarcinoma (OAC) are distinct entities. At the molecular level OSCC is more similar to squamous cell cancers in other organs than OAC. Whilst considerable heterogeneity exists in both tumour types new data suggests that driver gene events and mutational signatures may be able to categorise tumours into potentially actionable subtypes. Taken together these findings not only suggest new avenues for treatments in a cancer type with appalling outcomes, but also a new era of molecular rather than purely anatomical classification and staging of oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Charles Walker
- Cancer Research UK and Royal College of Surgeons of England Clinical Research Training Fellow, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Timothy James Underwood
- Cancer Research UK and Royal College of Surgeons of England Advanced Clinician Scientist Fellow, University of Southampton, UK.
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Booth L, Roberts JL, Rais R, Cutler RE, Diala I, Lalani AS, Poklepovic A, Dent P. Palbociclib augments Neratinib killing of tumor cells that is further enhanced by HDAC inhibition. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:157-168. [PMID: 30183517 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1507665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers expressing mutant RAS are associated with a weaker response to chemotherapy and a shorter overall patient survival. We have demonstrated that the irreversible inhibitor of ERBB1/2/4, neratinib, inhibits ERBB1/2/4 and causes their internalization and autolysosomal degradation. Fellow-traveler membrane proteins with RTKs, including mutant K-/N-RAS, were also degraded. We discovered that the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib increased autophagosome and then autolysosome levels in a time dependent fashion, did not reduce mTOR activity, and interacted with temsirolimus to kill. Neratinib and palbociclib interacted in a greater than additive manner to increase autophagosome and then autolysosome levels in a time dependent fashion, and to cause tumor cell killing. Killing required the expression of ATM and AMPKα, Beclin1 and ATG5, BAX and BAK and of AIF, but not of caspase 9. In some cells over-expression of BCL-XL was protective whereas in others it was ineffective. The lethality of [neratinib + palbociclib] was modestly enhanced by the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil and strongly enhanced by the HDAC inhibitor sodium valproate. This was associated with K-RAS degradation and a greater than additive increase in autophagosome and autolysosome levels. Killing by the three-drug combination required ATM and AMPKα, and, to a greater extent, Beclin1 and ATG5. In vivo, [valproate + palbociclib] and [neratinib + valproate + palbociclib] interacted to suppress the growth of a carboplatin/paclitaxel resistant PDX ovarian tumors that express a mutant N-RAS. Our data support performing a future three-drug trial with these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Booth
- a Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Jane L Roberts
- a Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Rumeesa Rais
- a Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | | | - Irmina Diala
- c Puma Biotechnology Inc ., Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | | | | | - Paul Dent
- a Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
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Heine S, Kleih M, Giménez N, Böpple K, Ott G, Colomer D, Aulitzky WE, van der Kuip H, Silkenstedt E. Cyclin D1-CDK4 activity drives sensitivity to bortezomib in mantle cell lymphoma by blocking autophagy-mediated proteolysis of NOXA. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:112. [PMID: 30180865 PMCID: PMC6123978 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma with generally poor outcome. MCL is characterized by an aberrantly high cyclin D1-driven CDK4 activity. New molecular targeted therapies such as inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) have shown promising results in preclinical studies and MCL patients. Our previous research revealed stabilization of the short-lived pro-apoptotic NOXA as a critical determinant for sensitivity to these inhibitors. It is currently unclear how cyclin D1 overexpression and aberrant CDK4 activity affect NOXA stabilization and treatment efficacy of UPS inhibitors in MCL. METHODS The effect of cyclin D1-driven CDK4 activity on response of MCL cell lines and primary cells to proteasome inhibitor treatment was investigated using survival assays (Flow cytometry, AnnexinV/PI) and Western blot analysis of NOXA protein. Half-life of NOXA protein was determined by cycloheximide treatment and subsequent Western blot analysis. The role of autophagy was analyzed by LC3-II protein expression and autophagolysosome detection. Furthermore, silencing of autophagy-related genes was performed using siRNA and MCL cells were treated with autophagy inhibitors in combination with proteasome and CDK4 inhibition. RESULTS In this study, we show that proteasome inhibitor-mediated cell death in MCL depends on cyclin D1-driven CDK4 activity. Inhibition of cyclin D1/CDK4 activity significantly reduced proteasome inhibitor-mediated stabilization of NOXA protein, mainly driven by an autophagy-mediated proteolysis. Bortezomib-induced cell death was significantly potentiated by compounds that interfere with autophagosomal function. Combined treatment with bortezomib and autophagy inhibitors enhanced NOXA stability leading to super-induction of NOXA protein. In addition to established autophagy modulators, we identified the fatty acid synthase inhibitor orlistat to be an efficient autophagy inhibitor when used in combination with bortezomib. Accordingly, this combination synergistically induced apoptosis both in MCL cell lines and in patient samples. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that CDK4 activity in MCL is critical for NOXA stabilization upon treatment with UPS inhibitors allowing preferential induction of cell death in cyclin D transformed cells. Under UPS blocked conditions, autophagy appears as the critical regulator of NOXA induction. Therefore, inhibitors of autophagy are promising candidates to increase the activity of proteasome inhibitors in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Heine
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Kleih
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Neus Giménez
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic – Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathrin Böpple
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic – Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walter E. Aulitzky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heiko van der Kuip
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Silkenstedt
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- LMU Klinikum der Universität München, Med. Klinik und Poliklinik III, Munich, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Zhao H, Hu X, Cao K, Zhang Y, Zhao K, Tang C, Feng B. Synthesis and SAR of 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-h]quinazoline derivatives as potent and selective CDK4/6 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:935-945. [PMID: 30165341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CDK4/6 pathway is an attractive target for development of anti-cancer drugs. Herein, we reported the design and synthesis of a series of 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo [4,3-h]quinazoline derivatives as selective CDK4/6 inhibitors. Applied with the optimizing strategy to the initial scaffold, it is found that compound 13n is able to selectively inhibit CDK4 and CDK6 with IC50 values 0.01 and 0.026 μM, respectively. The compound showed good anti-proliferative activity when tested in a panel of tumor cell lines with CDK4/6 related mechanism of action, the results clearly suggest that compound 13n works much better than Ly2385219 which is a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor. This compound was also found to have favorable pharmacokinetic parameters. Taken together, compound 13n could be selected for further preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kai Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kuantao Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chunlei Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Bainian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Huang CY, Hsieh FS, Wang CY, Chen LJ, Chang SS, Tsai MH, Hung MH, Kuo CW, Shih CT, Chao TI, Chen KF. Palbociclib enhances radiosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma via inhibiting ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase-mediated DNA damage response. Eur J Cancer 2018; 102:10-22. [PMID: 30103095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Palbociclib is an oral cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, which is efficacious in treating breast cancer. Currently, there are numerous active clinical trials testing palbociclib alone or in combination with other medications for treating various types of malignancies. Here, we evaluated the anti-cancer effect of palbociclib in combination with radiation therapy (RT) for treating human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and addressed the molecular mechanism behind the combination therapy. METHODS Immunofluorescence staining of γH2AX or 53BP1 was used to determine the effect of palbociclib on double-strand break (DSB) repair. Clonogenic assays, sphere formation and cell death ELISA were performed to study the sensitising effect of palbociclib on radiation-induced cytotoxicity. Signal alteration in DSB repair pathways was examined by Western blot analysis. Finally, we evaluated the in vivo anti-cancer activity and the associated molecular events of the combination therapy in a preclinical HCC xenograft model. RESULTS Palbociclib affected the kinetics of DNA repair and enhanced the radiation sensitivity of HCC and CCA cells. Importantly, we found that palbociclib inhibits ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase, the key upstream kinase responding to RT-induced DSBs. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibitory effect of palbociclib on RT-induced ATM kinase activation is mediated by protein phosphatase 5 (PP5). Both in vitro and in vivo investigations revealed that the inhibition of the PP5-ATM axis by palbociclib after DNA damage is responsible for the synergism between palbociclib and RT. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a novel combination strategy against liver cancer cells. Clinical trials using palbociclib as an adjuvant in RT are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Huang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Shu Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Yi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hsin Hung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Kuo
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ting Shih
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Parylo S, Vennepureddy A, Dhar V, Patibandla P, Sokoloff A. Role of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in the current and future eras of cancer treatment. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2018; 25:110-129. [PMID: 29726787 DOI: 10.1177/1078155218770904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, which act by inhibiting progression from the G1 to S phases of the cell cycle, include palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, and trilaciclib. Palbociclib and ribociclib are currently food and drug administration-approved for use in combination with aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women with metastatic hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer. Palbociclib is also food and drug administration-approved for use in combination with fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer progressing after endocrine therapy. Abemaciclib is the newest cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor to gain Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, specifically as monotherapy for hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer previously treated with chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. Abemaciclib also shares a similar indication with palbociclib for use in combination with fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer progressing after endocrine therapy. Trilaciclib use remains largely investigational at this time. However, despite FDA-approval for only metastatic hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer, all four cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors have shown promise in hematologic malignancies and non-breast solid tumors. Although further research is needed, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors represent intriguing developments in the treatment of various malignancies, including those with such poor prognoses as glioblastoma multiforme, mantle cell lymphoma, and metastatic melanoma. We discuss the approved indications, current research, and areas of future exploration for palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, and trilaciclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parylo
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, 7601 Staten Island University Hospital , New York, USA
| | - A Vennepureddy
- 2 Division of Hematology and Oncology, 7601 Staten Island University Hospital , New York, USA
| | - V Dhar
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, 7601 Staten Island University Hospital , New York, USA
| | - P Patibandla
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, 7601 Staten Island University Hospital , New York, USA
| | - A Sokoloff
- 2 Division of Hematology and Oncology, 7601 Staten Island University Hospital , New York, USA
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