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Russo A, Cavalera S, Murray R, Lovera P, Quinn A, Anfossi L, Iacopino D. Pen direct writing of SERRS-based lateral flow assays for detection of penicillin G in milk. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1524-1534. [PMID: 38419877 PMCID: PMC10898433 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00846k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Direct pen writing offers versatile opportunities for development of low-cost tests for point-of-care applications. In this work a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test was fabricated by hand "writing" immunoprobes onto hand-cut nitrocellulose strips with a commercial fountain pen. The qualitative capabilities of the test were extended by addition of a Raman reporter and consequent design and fabrication of a Surface Enhanced Resonant Raman Scattering (SERRS)-LFIA test. As proof-of-concept, dual detection of penicillin G was achieved in milk with a visual LOD of 20 ppm and a dynamic range of 0.03-97.5 ppm. Evaluation against equivalent tests performed with conventionally prepared LFIA strips showed comparable results, thus demonstrating the validity of the test. These results demonstrate the potential for further decrease in cost and consequent broader use of LFIA tests in remote regions and resource-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Russo
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade T12R5CP Cork Ireland
| | - Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin Via P. Giuria 5 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Richard Murray
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade T12R5CP Cork Ireland
| | - Pierre Lovera
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade T12R5CP Cork Ireland
| | - Aidan Quinn
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade T12R5CP Cork Ireland
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin Via P. Giuria 5 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Daniela Iacopino
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade T12R5CP Cork Ireland
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2
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Arya N, Chandran Y, Singh A, Sharma R, Halder A, Balakrishnan V. Substrate Versatile Roller Ball Pen Writing of Nanoporous MoS 2 for Energy Storage Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41447-41456. [PMID: 37615402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost fabrication of customizable supercapacitors and batteries to power up portable electronic devices is a much-needed step in advancing energy storage devices. The processing methods and techniques involved in developing small-sized entities in complex patterns are expensive, tedious, and time-consuming. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of customizable electrochemical supercapacitors and batteries by simply employing the universal and conventional paradigm of direct pen writing with hands and evaluating their energy storage performance. The fabrication technique involves the refilling of MoS2 ink into the pen and then scripting of MoS2 nanostructures onto various substrates. The electrode material employed here consists of nanoporous microspheres of MoS2 synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. Direct pen writing with porous MoS2 in complex patterns enables easy, affordable, and simple fabrication of energy storage devices as and when required based on user choice toward distributed manufacturing and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Arya
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Yadu Chandran
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Arkaj Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Ravinder Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Aditi Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Viswanath Balakrishnan
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
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3
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Ershad F, Patel S, Yu C. Wearable bioelectronics fabricated in situ on skins. NPJ FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS 2023; 7:32. [PMID: 38665149 PMCID: PMC11041641 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-023-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, wearable bioelectronics has rapidly expanded for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating various pathological conditions from the skin surface. Although the devices are typically prefabricated as soft patches for general usage, there is a growing need for devices that are customized in situ to provide accurate data and precise treatment. In this perspective, the state-of-the-art in situ fabricated wearable bioelectronics are summarized, focusing primarily on Drawn-on-Skin (DoS) bioelectronics and other in situ fabrication methods. The advantages and limitations of these technologies are evaluated and potential future directions are suggested for the widespread adoption of these technologies in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ershad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801 USA
| | - Shubham Patel
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801 USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801 USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801 USA
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4
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Hernández-Rodríguez JF, López MÁ, Rojas D, Escarpa A. Digital manufacturing for accelerating organ-on-a-chip dissemination and electrochemical biosensing integration. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4805-4821. [PMID: 36342332 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00499b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organ on-a-chip (OoC) is a promising technology that aims to recapitulate human body pathophysiology in a more precise way to advance in drug development and complex disease understanding. However, the presence of OoC in biological laboratories is still limited and mainly restricted to laboratories with access to cleanroom facilities. Besides, the current analytical methods employed to extract information from the organ models are endpoint and post facto assays which makes it difficult to ensure that during the biological experiment the cell microenvironment, cellular functionality and behaviour are controlled. Hence, the integration of real-time biosensors is highly needed and requested by the OoC end-user community to provide insight into organ function and responses to stimuli. In this context, electrochemical sensors stand out due to their advantageous features like miniaturization capabilities, ease of use, automatization and high sensitivity and selectivity. Electrochemical sensors have been already successfully miniaturized and employed in other fields such as wearables and point-of-care devices. We have identified that the explanation for this issue may be, to a large extent, the accessibility to microfabrication technologies. These fields employ preferably digital manufacturing (DM), which is a more accessible microfabrication approach regardless of funding and facilities. Therefore, we envision that a paradigm shift in microfabrication that adopts DM instead of the dominating soft lithography for the in-lab microfabrication of OoC devices will contribute to the dissemination of the field and integration of the promising real-time sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering and Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering and Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Nanodiagnostics for Human and Gut Metabolites Diagnostics: Recent Advances and Challenges. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090733. [PMID: 36140118 PMCID: PMC9496054 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites are the intermediatory products of metabolic processes catalyzed by numerous enzymes found inside the cells. Detecting clinically relevant metabolites is important to understand their physiological and biological functions along with the evolving medical diagnostics. Rapid advances in detecting the tiny metabolites such as biomarkers that signify disease hallmarks have an immense need for high-performance identifying techniques. Low concentrations are found in biological fluids because the metabolites are difficult to dissolve in an aqueous medium. Therefore, the selective and sensitive study of metabolites as biomarkers in biological fluids is problematic. The different non-electrochemical and conventional methods need a long time of analysis, long sampling, high maintenance costs, and costly instrumentation. Hence, employing electrochemical techniques in clinical examination could efficiently meet the requirements of fully automated, inexpensive, specific, and quick means of biomarker detection. The electrochemical methods are broadly utilized in several emerging and established technologies, and electrochemical biosensors are employed to detect different metabolites. This review describes the advancement in electrochemical sensors developed for clinically associated human metabolites, including glucose, lactose, uric acid, urea, cholesterol, etc., and gut metabolites such as TMAO, TMA, and indole derivatives. Different sensing techniques are evaluated for their potential to achieve relevant degrees of multiplexing, specificity, and sensitivity limits. Moreover, we have also focused on the opportunities and remaining challenges for integrating the electrochemical sensor into the point-of-care (POC) devices.
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6
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Patel S, Ershad F, Lee J, Chacon-Alberty L, Wang Y, Morales-Garza MA, Haces-Garcia A, Jang S, Gonzalez L, Contreras L, Agarwal A, Rao Z, Liu G, Efimov IR, Zhang YS, Zhao M, Isseroff RR, Karim A, Elgalad A, Zhu W, Wu X, Yu C. Drawn-on-Skin Sensors from Fully Biocompatible Inks toward High-Quality Electrophysiology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107099. [PMID: 36073141 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The need to develop wearable devices for personal health monitoring, diagnostics, and therapy has inspired the production of innovative on-demand, customizable technologies. Several of these technologies enable printing of raw electronic materials directly onto biological organs and tissues. However, few of them have been thoroughly investigated for biocompatibility of the raw materials on the cellular, tissue, and organ levels or with different cell types. In addition, highly accurate multiday in vivo monitoring using such on-demand, in situ fabricated devices has yet to be done. Presented herein is the first fully biocompatible, on-skin fabricated electronics for multiple cell types and tissues that can capture electrophysiological signals with high fidelity. While also demonstrating improved mechanical and electrical properties, the drawn-on-skin ink retains its properties under various writing conditions, which minimizes the variation in electrical performance. Furthermore, the drawn-on-skin ink shows excellent biocompatibility with cardiomyocytes, neurons, mice skin tissue, and human skin. The high signal-to-noise ratios of the electrophysiological signals recorded with the DoS sensor over multiple days demonstrate its potential for personalized, long-term, and accurate electrophysiological health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Faheem Ershad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | | | - Arturo Haces-Garcia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Seonmin Jang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Lei Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Luis Contreras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Aman Agarwal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhoulyu Rao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Grace Liu
- Bellaire High School, Bellaire, TX, 77041, USA
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | | | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | | | - Weihang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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7
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Singhal HR, Prabhu A, Giri Nandagopal M, Dheivasigamani T, Mani NK. One-dollar microfluidic paper-based analytical devices: Do-It-Yourself approaches. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Camargo JR, Orzari LO, Araújo DAG, de Oliveira PR, Kalinke C, Rocha DP, Luiz dos Santos A, Takeuchi RM, Munoz RAA, Bonacin JA, Janegitz BC. Development of conductive inks for electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Lim K, Lee YS, Simoska O, Dong F, Sima M, Stewart RJ, Minteer SD. Rapid Entrapment of Phenazine Ethosulfate within a Polyelectrolyte Complex on Electrodes for Efficient NAD + Regeneration in Mediated NAD +-Dependent Bioelectrocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10942-10951. [PMID: 33646753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the designs of redox polymers have become critical to the field of mediated bioelectrocatalysis and are used in commercial glucose biosensors, as well as other bioelectrochemical applications (e.g., energy harvesting). These polymers are specifically used to immobilize redox mediators on electrode surfaces, allowing for self-exchange-based conduction of electrons from enzymes far from the electrode to the electrode surface. However, the synthesis of redox polymers is challenging and results in large batch-to-batch variability. Herein, we report a rapid entrapment of mediators for NAD+-dependent bioelectrocatalysis within reverse ionically condensed polyelectrolytes. A high ionic strength aqueous solution of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, composed of cationic polyguanidinium (PG) chloride and anionic sodium hexametaphosphate (P6), undergoes phase inversion into a solid microporous polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) when introduced into a low ionic strength aqueous solution. The ionic strength-triggered phase inversion of PGP6 solutions was investigated as a means to entrap mediators on the surface of electrodes for mediated bioelectrocatalysis. Compared to the traditional cross-linked immobilizations using redox polymers, this phase inversion takes place within seconds and requires up to 60 min for complete stabilization. In this work, redox mediator phenazine ethosulfate (PES) was entrapped within PGP6 on electrode surfaces for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent bioelectrocatalysis. In the bulk solution, NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase enzymes catalyze the oxidation of the substrate while reducing NAD to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The resulting NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ by the entrapped PES that gets reduced on the electrode, completing the NAD+-regeneration-based bioelectrocatalysis. To show the use of these new materials in an application, biofuel cells were evaluated using four different anodic enzyme systems (alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate hydrogenase, glycerol dehydrogenase, and glucose dehydrogenase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Monika Sima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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10
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Song SW, Lee S, Choe JK, Kim NH, Kang J, Lee AC, Choi Y, Choi A, Jeong Y, Lee W, Kim JY, Kwon S, Kim J. Direct 2D-to-3D transformation of pen drawings. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/13/eabf3804. [PMID: 33762344 PMCID: PMC7990349 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pen drawing is a method that allows simple, inexpensive, and intuitive two-dimensional (2D) fabrication. To integrate such advantages of pen drawing in fabricating 3D objects, we developed a 3D fabrication technology that can directly transform pen-drawn 2D precursors into 3D geometries. 2D-to-3D transformation of pen drawings is facilitated by surface tension-driven capillary peeling and floating of dried ink film when the drawing is dipped into an aqueous monomer solution. Selective control of the floating and anchoring parts of a 2D precursor allowed the 2D drawing to transform into the designed 3D structure. The transformed 3D geometry can then be fixed by structural reinforcement using surface-initiated polymerization. By transforming simple pen-drawn 2D structures into complex 3D structures, our approach enables freestyle rapid prototyping via pen drawing, as well as mass production of 3D objects via roll-to-roll processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Woo Song
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jun Kyu Choe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Na-Hyang Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Junwon Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Amos Chungwon Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeongjae Choi
- Nano Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ahyoun Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yunjin Jeong
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Wooseok Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Nano Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.
- Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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11
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Islam T, Hasan MM, Awal A, Nurunnabi M, Ahammad AJS. Metal Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Sensing: Progress and Challenges in the Clinical Transition of Point-of-Care Testing. Molecules 2020; 25:E5787. [PMID: 33302537 PMCID: PMC7763225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rise in public health awareness, research on point-of-care testing (POCT) has significantly advanced. Electrochemical biosensors (ECBs) are one of the most promising candidates for the future of POCT due to their quick and accurate response, ease of operation, and cost effectiveness. This review focuses on the use of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) for fabricating ECBs that has a potential to be used for POCT. The field has expanded remarkably from its initial enzymatic and immunosensor-based setups. This review provides a concise categorization of the ECBs to allow for a better understanding of the development process. The influence of structural aspects of MNPs in biocompatibility and effective sensor design has been explored. The advances in MNP-based ECBs for the detection of some of the most prominent cancer biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), Herceptin-2 (HER2), etc.) and small biomolecules (glucose, dopamine, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) have been discussed in detail. Additionally, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) ECBs have been briefly discussed. Beyond that, the limitations and challenges that ECBs face in clinical applications are examined and possible pathways for overcoming these limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Md. Mahedi Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdul Awal
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - A. J. Saleh Ahammad
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; (T.I.); (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
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12
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Baharfar M, Rahbar M, Tajik M, Liu G. Engineering strategies for enhancing the performance of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112506. [PMID: 32823207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Applications of electrochemical detection methods in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) has revolutionized the area of point-of-care (POC) testing towards highly sensitive and selective quantification of various (bio)chemical analytes in a miniaturized, low-coat, rapid, and user-friendly manner. Shortly after the initiation, these relatively new modulations of μPADs, named as electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs), gained widespread popularity within the POC research community thanks to the inherent advantages of both electrochemical sensing and usage of paper as a suitable substrate for POC testing platforms. Even though general aspects of ePADs such as applications and fabrication techniques, have already been reviewed multiple times in the literature, herein, we intend to provide a critical engineering insight into the area of ePADs by focusing particularly on the practical strategies utilized to enhance their analytical performance (i.e. sensitivity), while maintaining the desired simplicity and efficiency intact. Basically, the discussed strategies are driven by considering the parameters potentially affecting the generated electrochemical signal in the ePADs. Some of these parameters include the type of filter paper, electrode fabrication methods, electrode materials, fluid flow patterns, etc. Besides, the limitations and challenges associated with the development of ePADs are discussed, and further insights and directions for future research in this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahroo Baharfar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Rahbar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Tajik
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia.
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13
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Printing-Based Assay and Therapy of Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111052. [PMID: 33126547 PMCID: PMC7692755 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are essential in regulating various physiological functions and oxidative deterioration. Over the past decades, many researchers have paid attention to antioxidants and studied the screening of antioxidants from natural products and their utilization for treatments in diverse pathological conditions. Nowadays, as printing technology progresses, its influence in the field of biomedicine is growing significantly. The printing technology has many advantages. Especially, the capability of designing sophisticated platforms is useful to detect antioxidants in various samples. The high flexibility of 3D printing technology is advantageous to create geometries for customized patient treatment. Recently, there has been increasing use of antioxidant materials for this purpose. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in printing technology-based assays to detect antioxidants and 3D printing-based antioxidant therapy in the field of tissue engineering. This review is divided into two sections. The first section highlights colorimetric assays using the inkjet-printing methods and electrochemical assays using screen-printing techniques for the determination of antioxidants. Alternative screen-printing techniques, such as xurography, roller-pen writing, stamp contact printing, and laser-scribing, are described. The second section summarizes the recent literature that reports antioxidant-based therapy using 3D printing in skin therapeutics, tissue mimetic 3D cultures, and bone tissue engineering.
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14
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Hernández-Rodríguez JF, Della Pelle F, Rojas D, Compagnone D, Escarpa A. Xurography-Enabled Thermally Transferred Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Sensors on Polyethylene Terephthalate-Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Films. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13565-13572. [PMID: 32869640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel benchtop approach to fabricate xurography-enabled thermally transferred (XTT) carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors is proposed. Filtered nanomaterial (NM) films were transferred from Teflon filters to polyethylene terephthalate-ethylene vinyl acetate (PET-EVA) substrates by a temperature-driven approach. Customized PET-EVA components were xurographically patterned by a cutting plotter. The smart design of PET-EVA films enabled us to selectively transfer the nanomaterial to the exposed EVA side of the substrate. Hence, the substrate played an active role in selectively controlling where nanomaterial transfer occurred allowing us to design different working electrode geometries. Counter and reference electrodes were integrated by a stencil-printing approach, and the whole device was assembled by thermal lamination. To prove the versatility of the technology, XTT materials were exclusively made of carbon black (XTT-CB), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (XTT-MWCNTs), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (XTT-SWCNTs). Their electrochemical behavior was carefully studied and was found to be highly dependent on the amount and type of NM employed. XTT-SWCNTs were demonstrated to be the best-performing sensors, and they were employed for the determination of l-tyrosine (l-Tyr) in human plasma from tyrosinemia-diagnosed patients. High analytical performance toward l-Tyr (linear range of 0.5-100 μM, LOD = 0.1 μM), interelectrode precision (RSD ip,a = 3%, n = 10; RSD calibration slope = 4%, n = 3), and accurate l-Tyr quantification in plasma samples with low relative errors (≤7%) compared to the clinical declared values were obtained. The proposed benchtop approach is cost-effective and straightforward, does not require sophisticated facilities, and can be potentially employed to develop pure or hybrid nanomaterial-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Flavio Della Pelle
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Chemical Research Institute Andres M. del Rio, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Recent Advances of Wearable Antennas in Materials, Fabrication Methods, Designs, and Their Applications: State-of-the-Art. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11100888. [PMID: 32987793 PMCID: PMC7598725 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The demand for wearable technologies has grown tremendously in recent years. Wearable antennas are used for various applications, in many cases within the context of wireless body area networks (WBAN). In WBAN, the presence of the human body poses a significant challenge to the wearable antennas. Specifically, such requirements are required to be considered on a priority basis in the wearable antennas, such as structural deformation, precision, and accuracy in fabrication methods and their size. Various researchers are active in this field and, accordingly, some significant progress has been achieved recently. This article attempts to critically review the wearable antennas especially in light of new materials and fabrication methods, and novel designs, such as miniaturized button antennas and miniaturized single and multi-band antennas, and their unique smart applications in WBAN. Finally, the conclusion has been drawn with respect to some future directions.
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16
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Park J, Lee Y, Choi B, Yoon J, Kim Y, Kim HJ, Kang MH, Kim DH, Kim DM, Choi SJ. Directly drawn top-gate semiconducting carbon nanotube thin-film transistors and complementary inverters. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:32LT01. [PMID: 32320962 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8c06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As the emerging demand for electronic devices that are simple, cost effective and capable of rapid fabrication has increased, novel fabrication techniques for designing and manufacturing such devices have attracted remarkable research interest. One method for prototyping these electronic devices is to draw them using a handwriting tool that is commonly available. In this work, we demonstrate a transistor and complementary logic inverter that are directly drawn using a brush and that are based on solution-based materials such as semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silver ink and paste, and cross-linked poly(4-vinylphenol) (cPVP). The directly drawn CNT thin-film transistor (TFT) has p-type behavior due to the adsorption of oxygen and moisture, a high current on/off ratio (approximately 103), and a low operating voltage. By employing a solution-based chemical doping treatment with an amine-rich polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), that has strong electron-donating ability, the drawn p-type CNT-TFT is successfully converted to an n-type CNT-TFT. Therefore, we fabricate a drawn complementary logic inverter consisting of the p-type CNT-TFT and PEI-treated n-type CNT-TFT and evaluate its electrical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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17
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Cagnani GR, Ibáñez-Redín G, Tirich B, Gonçalves D, Balogh DT, Oliveira ON. Fully-printed electrochemical sensors made with flexible screen-printed electrodes modified by roll-to-roll slot-die coating. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112428. [PMID: 32729544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The manufacture of sensors using large-scale production techniques, such as roll-to-roll (R2R) processing, may fulfill requirements of low-cost disposable devices. Herein, we report the fabrication of fully-printed electrochemical sensors using screen-printed carbon electrodes coated with carbon black inks through slot-die coating within an R2R process. As a proof of concept, sensors were produced to detect the neurotransmitter dopamine with high reproducibility and low limit of detection (0.09 μmol L-1). Furthermore, fully-printed biosensors made with a tyrosinase-containing ink were used to detect catechol in natural water samples. Since slot-die deposition enables printing enzymes without significant activity loss, the biosensors exhibited high stability over a period of several weeks. Even more important, R2R slot-die coating may be extended to any type of sensors and biosensors with the possibility of large-scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Rosso Cagnani
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gisela Ibáñez-Redín
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Tirich
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Gonçalves
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora T Balogh
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Shi X, Wu ZS, Bao X. Recent Advancements and Perspective of High-Performance Printed Power Sources with Multiple Form Factors. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-020-00071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Sassa F, Biswas GC, Suzuki H. Microfabricated electrochemical sensing devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1358-1389. [PMID: 32129358 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry provides possibilities to realize smart microdevices of the next generation with high functionalities. Electrodes, which constitute major components of electrochemical devices, can be formed by various microfabrication techniques, and integration of the same (or different) components for that purpose is not difficult. Merging this technique with microfluidics can further expand the areas of application of the resultant devices. To augment the development of next generation devices, it will be beneficial to review recent technological trends in this field and clarify the directions required for moving forward. Even when limiting the discussion to electrochemical microdevices, a variety of useful techniques should be considered. Therefore, in this review, we attempted to provide an overview of all relevant techniques in this context in the hope that it can provide useful comprehensive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sassa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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20
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Chitosan–Fe3O4 nanoparticle enzymatic electrodes on paper as an efficient assay for glucose and uric acid detection in biological fluids. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Dossi N, Toniolo R, Terzi F, Grazioli C, Svigelj R, Gobbi F, Bontempelli G. A Simple Strategy for Easily Assembling 3D Printed Miniaturized Cells Suitable for Simultaneous Electrochemical and Spectrophotometric Analyses. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Fabio Terzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological ScienceUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia via Campi 183 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Cristian Grazioli
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Rossella Svigelj
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Filippo Gobbi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Gino Bontempelli
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
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22
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Li S, Chu J, Li B, Chang Y, Pan T. Handwriting Iontronic Pressure Sensing Origami. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46157-46164. [PMID: 31729863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Origami, the ancient paper folding art, has been investigated from paper electronics to medical equipment and even spaceflight for its amazingly rich scientific foundation of building a complex three-dimensional (3D) structure, saving space, transmitting force, and establishing a load-bearing structure. Introducing origami into flexible pressure sensing will bring a new function to the planar electrical component. In this paper, a flexible iontronic sensing mechanism, handwriting process, and origami were combined into a pressure sensing platform, providing a handwriting iontronic pressure sensing origami with high performance, customized design, and 3D sensing ability. The handwriting process provides a simple, low-cost, efficient, no equipment limitation, and customized manufacturing method in preparing the pressure sensing origami using one commercial paper, while an ionic-electrode interface can be easily constructed by folding. Moreover, the device integrates the advantages of origami of forming a 3D structure, force transmission, and structural support with the pressure sensing function. Notably, the handwriting iontronic pressure sensing origami offers a high device sensitivity of 1.0 nF/(kPa cm2), a detection limitation of 5.12 Pa, a rapid mechanical response time of 6 ms and a reset time of 4 ms, and an ultrahigh repeatability under periodic pressure. Benefiting from the unique properties of origami and the remarkable performances, the proposed handwriting iontronic pressure sensing origami can be highly advantageous for the emerging applications such as STEM education, customized electronic design, human-machine interfaces, etc., where high performance, rapid prototype, and 3D sensing are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science , 1068 Xueyuan Avenue , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - JiaRu Chu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Baoqing Li
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Yu Chang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science , 1068 Xueyuan Avenue , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science , 1068 Xueyuan Avenue , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MINI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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23
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Rubio L, Guerra E, Garcia-Jares C, Lores M. Body-decorating products: Ingredients of permanent and temporary tattoos from analytical and european regulatory perspectives. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:59-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Jeong SM, Lim T, Park J, Han CY, Yang H, Ju S. Pen drawing display. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4334. [PMID: 31551492 PMCID: PMC6760158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As advancements in science and technology, such as the Internet of things, smart home systems, and automobile displays, become increasingly embedded in daily life, there is a growing demand for displays with customized sizes and shapes. This study proposes a pen drawing display technology that can realize a boardless display in any form based on the user's preferences, without the usual restrictions of conventional frame manufacturing techniques. An advantage of the pen drawing method is that the entire complex fabrication process for the display is encapsulated in a pen. The display components, light-emitting layers, and electrodes are formed using felt-tip drawing pens that contain the required solutions and light-emitting materials. The morphology and thickness of each layer is manipulated by adjusting the drawing speed, number of drawing cycles, and substrate temperature. This study is expected to usher in the upcoming era of customized displays that can reflect individual user needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mi Jeong
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyung Lim
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyin Park
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yeol Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ju
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Electroanalytical cells pencil drawn on PVC supports and their use for the detection in flexible microfluidic devices. Talanta 2019; 199:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Manbohi A, Ahmadi SH. Sensitive and selective detection of dopamine using electrochemical microfluidic paper-based analytical nanosensor. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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27
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Yang Y, Gao W. Wearable and flexible electronics for continuous molecular monitoring. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1465-1491. [PMID: 29611861 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00730b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors have received tremendous attention over the past decade owing to their great potential in predictive analytics and treatment toward personalized medicine. Flexible electronics could serve as an ideal platform for personalized wearable devices because of their unique properties such as light weight, low cost, high flexibility and great conformability. Unlike most reported flexible sensors that mainly track physical activities and vital signs, the new generation of wearable and flexible chemical sensors enables real-time, continuous and fast detection of accessible biomarkers from the human body, and allows for the collection of large-scale information about the individual's dynamic health status at the molecular level. In this article, we review and highlight recent advances in wearable and flexible sensors toward continuous and non-invasive molecular analysis in sweat, tears, saliva, interstitial fluid, blood, wound exudate as well as exhaled breath. The flexible platforms, sensing mechanisms, and device and system configurations employed for continuous monitoring are summarized. We also discuss the key challenges and opportunities of the wearable and flexible chemical sensors that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Yang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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28
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Hassanpour S, Saadati A, Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N, Mirzaie A, Jouyban A. Direct writing of biocatalytic materials based on pens filled with high-tech enzymatic inks: “Do-it-Yourself”. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Zhang YZ, Wang Y, Cheng T, Yao LQ, Li X, Lai WY, Huang W. Printed supercapacitors: materials, printing and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3229-3264. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes how printing methods can revolutionize the manufacturing of supercapacitors – promising energy storage devices for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Tao Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Lan-Qian Yao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Xiangchun Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
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30
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Bandodkar AJ, Gutruf P, Choi J, Lee K, Sekine Y, Reeder JT, Jeang WJ, Aranyosi AJ, Lee SP, Model JB, Ghaffari R, Su CJ, Leshock JP, Ray T, Verrillo A, Thomas K, Krishnamurthi V, Han S, Kim J, Krishnan S, Hang T, Rogers JA. Battery-free, skin-interfaced microfluidic/electronic systems for simultaneous electrochemical, colorimetric, and volumetric analysis of sweat. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav3294. [PMID: 30746477 PMCID: PMC6357758 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors rely either on electronics for electrochemical detection or on colorimetry for visual readout. Non-ideal form factors represent disadvantages of the former, while semiquantitative operation and narrow scope of measurable biomarkers characterize the latter. Here, we introduce a battery-free, wireless electronic sensing platform inspired by biofuel cells that integrates chronometric microfluidic platforms with embedded colorimetric assays. The resulting sensors combine advantages of electronic and microfluidic functionality in a platform that is significantly lighter, cheaper, and smaller than alternatives. A demonstration device simultaneously monitors sweat rate/loss, pH, lactate, glucose, and chloride. Systematic studies of the electronics, microfluidics, and integration schemes establish the key design considerations and performance attributes. Two-day human trials that compare concentrations of glucose and lactate in sweat and blood suggest a potential basis for noninvasive, semi-quantitative tracking of physiological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amay J. Bandodkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jungil Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - KunHyuck Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yurina Sekine
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Jonathan T. Reeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - William J. Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Alexander J. Aranyosi
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen P. Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Model
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chun-Ju Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - John P. Leshock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tyler Ray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Anthony Verrillo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kyle Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Krishnamurthi
- Functional Material and Microsystems Research Group and Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tao Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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31
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Electrochemical Study of Enzymatic Glucose Sensors Biocatalyst: Thermal Degradation after Long-Term Storage. CHEMOSENSORS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors6040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The thermal degradation related to stability in long-term storage of a carbon nanotube-based biosensor has been investigated. The effect of storage temperature on detachment and denaturation of glucose oxidase (GOx) biocatalyst has been proved. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as entrapping polymer to attract more GOx to form a durable and layered CNT/PEI/GOx structure is used for long-term storage to minimize GOx detachment from the structure and minimize the possibility of enzyme and protein denaturation. After 120 days, the glucose response of the CNT/PEI/GOx biosensor stored under 4°C is preserved up to 66.7% of its initial value, while under a 25 °C storage the response is maintained up to 41.7%. The enzyme coverage activity of CNT/PEI/GOx stored at 4 °C and 25 °C has decreased by 31.1% and 51.4%, respectively. Denaturation and detachment of GOx are the common causes of thermal degradation in biosensors under improper storage temperatures, but the presence of PEI in the structure can slow-down these phenomena. Moreover, the electrons transfer constant of CNT/PEI/GOx biocatalyst stored at 4 °C and 25 °C were 7.5 ± 0.5 s−1 and 6.6 ± 0.3 s−1, respectively, indicating that also electrons mobility is damaged by detachment and denaturation of enzyme protein and the detection of glucose from the glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) is compromised.
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32
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33
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Jiang C, Li X, Yao Y, Ying Y, Ping J. Fully Written Flexible Potentiometric Sensor Using Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Conductive Ink. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13088-13095. [PMID: 30350621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The emerging demand for flexible, portable, easily accessible, and cost-effective electronic fabrication has motivated the development of novel techniques to manufacture electronic components and devices. Inspired by daily hand-writing, an all-written potentiometric sensor was developed by using a Chinese brush pen-based writing technique. A writing ink made from graphene nanosheet (GN) as a conductive component, Triton X-100 as a stabilizer, and xanthan gum as a binder, was used to obtain flexible electrode substrate. Results demonstrate the GN ink-based writing electrode (GN-WE) possesses good conductivity, fast electron-transfer kinetics, considerable stability, and favorable flexibility. By further writing cadmium ion selective membrane (Cd2+-ISM) and photopolymerized reference membrane (RM) on the surface of GN-WE, an all-solid-state potentiometric sensor for cadmium ion was constructed. A large bulk capacitance (41.67 μF) and excellent potential stability (drift of 0.156 mV h-1) were achieved at the developed all-written potentiometric sensor, which is much superior to the solid-contact potentiometric sensor using GCE as electrode substrate. Furthermore, real sample analysis reveals that our GN ink-based potentiometric sensor could be used as a reliable and stable sensor for cadmium ion detection in food and in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Jiang
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xunjia Li
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yibin Ying
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
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34
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Loghin FC, Falco A, Albrecht A, Salmerón JF, Becherer M, Lugli P, Rivandeneyra A. A Handwriting Method for Low-Cost Gas Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34683-34689. [PMID: 30148599 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on an automated method based on a handwritten technique for the fabrication of low-cost gas sensors based on carbon nanotube (CNT) networks. Taking advantage of the inherent low-cost, flexible, and uncomplicated characteristics of pen-based techniques and combining them with an automated robotic system allows for high-resolution patterns, high reproducibility, and relatively high throughput considering the limitations of parallel processing. To showcase this, gas sensors capable of sensing NH3, CO2, CO, and ethanol, as well as temperature and relative humidity, are fabricated and characterized displaying competitive performance in relation to previously reported devices. The presented process is compatible with a variety of solutions and inks and, as such, allows for an easy integration into existing printing and coating frameworks with the greatest advantage being the ease of creating prototypes because of the nonstringent material requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin C Loghin
- Institute for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany
| | - Aniello Falco
- Faculty of Science and Technology , Free University of Bozen-Bolzano , 39100 Bozen-Bolzano , Italy
| | - Andreas Albrecht
- Institute for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany
| | - José F Salmerón
- Institute for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany
| | - Markus Becherer
- Institute for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany
| | - Paolo Lugli
- Faculty of Science and Technology , Free University of Bozen-Bolzano , 39100 Bozen-Bolzano , Italy
| | - Almudena Rivandeneyra
- Institute for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany
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35
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Bandodkar AJ, Imani S, Nuñez-Flores R, Kumar R, Wang C, Mohan AMV, Wang J, Mercier PP. Re-usable electrochemical glucose sensors integrated into a smartphone platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 101:181-187. [PMID: 29073519 PMCID: PMC5841915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article demonstrates a new smartphone-based reusable glucose meter. The glucose meter includes a custom-built smartphone case that houses a permanent bare sensor strip, a stylus that is loaded with enzyme-carbon composite pellets, and sensor instrumentation circuits. A custom-designed Android-based software application was developed to enable easy and clear display of measured glucose concentration. A typical test involves the user loading the software, using the stylus to dispense an enzymatic pellet on top of the bare sensor strip affixed to the case, and then introducing the sample. The electronic module then acquires and wirelessly transmits the data to the application software to be displayed on the screen. The deployed pellet is then discarded to regain the fresh bare sensor surface. Such a unique working principle allows the system to overcome challenges faced by previously reported reusable sensors, such as enzyme degradation, leaching, and hysteresis effects. Studies reveal that the enzyme loaded in the pellets are stable for up to 8 months at ambient conditions, and generate reproducible sensor signals. The work illustrates the significance of the pellet-based sensing system towards realizing a reusable, point-of-care sensor that snugly fits around a smartphone and which does not face issues usually common to reusable sensors. The versatility of this system allows it to be easily modified to detect other analytes for application in a wide range of healthcare, environmental and defense domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amay J Bandodkar
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Somayeh Imani
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rogelio Nuñez-Flores
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rajan Kumar
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chiyi Wang
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A M Vinu Mohan
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Patrick P Mercier
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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36
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Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao W, Zhang M, Qin H, Xie Y. Flexible, Stretchable Sensors for Wearable Health Monitoring: Sensing Mechanisms, Materials, Fabrication Strategies and Features. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E645. [PMID: 29470408 PMCID: PMC5856015 DOI: 10.3390/s18020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wearable health monitoring systems have gained considerable interest in recent years owing to their tremendous promise for personal portable health watching and remote medical practices. The sensors with excellent flexibility and stretchability are crucial components that can provide health monitoring systems with the capability of continuously tracking physiological signals of human body without conspicuous uncomfortableness and invasiveness. The signals acquired by these sensors, such as body motion, heart rate, breath, skin temperature and metabolism parameter, are closely associated with personal health conditions. This review attempts to summarize the recent progress in flexible and stretchable sensors, concerning the detected health indicators, sensing mechanisms, functional materials, fabrication strategies, basic and desired features. The potential challenges and future perspectives of wearable health monitoring system are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Hai Wang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Hongbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Yongqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
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37
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Wang T, Ramnarayanan A, Cheng H. Real Time Analysis of Bioanalytes in Healthcare, Food, Zoology and Botany. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 18:E5. [PMID: 29267256 PMCID: PMC5795934 DOI: 10.3390/s18010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand for real time analysis of bioanalytes has spurred development in the field of wearable technology to offer non-invasive data collection at a low cost. The manufacturing processes for creating these sensing systems vary significantly by the material used, the type of sensors needed and the subject of study as well. The methods predominantly involve stretchable electronic sensors to monitor targets and transmit data mainly through flexible wires or short-range wireless communication devices. Capable of conformal contact, the application of wearable technology goes beyond the healthcare to fields of food, zoology and botany. With a brief review of wearable technology and its applications to various fields, we believe this mini review would be of interest to the reader in broad fields of materials, sensor development and areas where wearable sensors can provide data that are not available elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Ashwin Ramnarayanan
- School of Engineering Design, Technology and Professional Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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38
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Li Z, Li F, Xing Y, Liu Z, You M, Li Y, Wen T, Qu Z, Ling Li X, Xu F. Pen-on-paper strategy for point-of-care testing: Rapid prototyping of fully written microfluidic biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:478-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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39
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Multifunctional Woven Structure Operating as Triboelectric Energy Harvester, Capacitive Tactile Sensor Array, and Piezoresistive Strain Sensor Array. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112582. [PMID: 29120363 PMCID: PMC5712837 DOI: 10.3390/s17112582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a power-generating sensor array in a flexible and stretchable form. The proposed device is composed of resistive strain sensors, capacitive tactile sensors, and a triboelectric energy harvester in a single platform. The device is implemented in a woven textile structure by using proposed functional threads. A single functional thread is composed of a flexible hollow tube coated with silver nanowires on the outer surface and a conductive silver thread inside the tube. The total size of the device is 60 × 60 mm² having a 5 × 5 array of sensor cell. The touch force in the vertical direction can be sensed by measuring the capacitance between the warp and weft functional threads. In addition, because silver nanowire layers provide piezoresistivity, the strain applied in the lateral direction can be detected by measuring the resistance of each thread. Last, with regard to the energy harvester, the maximum power and power density were measured as 201 μW and 0.48 W/m², respectively, when the device was pushed in the vertical direction.
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40
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Qin Y, Pan S, Howlader MMR, Ghosh R, Hu NX, Deen MJ. Paper-Based, Hand-Drawn Free Chlorine Sensor with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate). Anal Chem 2016; 88:10384-10389. [PMID: 27669977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Qin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada
| | - Si Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Matiar M. R. Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Nan-Xing Hu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Xerox Research Centre of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1, Canada
| | - M. Jamal Deen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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41
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Labib M, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Electrochemical Methods for the Analysis of Clinically Relevant Biomolecules. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9001-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | | | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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42
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43
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Jason NN, Shen W, Cheng W. Copper Nanowires as Conductive Ink for Low-Cost Draw-On Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16760-6. [PMID: 26161620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This work tackles the complicated problem of clump formation and entanglement of high aspect ratio copper nanowires, due to which a well dispersed solution for use as a true ink for drawable electronics has not been made until now. Through rheology studies even a hard to use material like copper nanowires was tailored to be made into a highly efficient conductive ink with only 2 vol % or 18.28 wt % loading which is far lower than existing nanoparticle based inks. This versatile ink can be applied onto various substrates such as paper, PET, PDMS and latex. By using the ink in a roller ball pen, a bending sensor device was simply drawn on paper, which demonstrated detection of various degrees of convex bending and was highly durable as shown in the 10,000 bending cycling test. A highly sensitive strain sensor which has a maximum gauge factor of 54.38 was also fabricated by simply painting the ink onto latex rubber strip using a paintbrush. Finally a complex conductive pattern depicting the Sydney Opera House was painted on paper to demonstrate the versatility and robustness of the ink. The use of Cu NWs is highly economical in terms of the conductive filler loading in the ink and the cost of copper itself as compared to other metal NPs, CNT, and graphene-based inks. The demonstrated e-ink, devices, and facile device fabrication methods push the field one step closer to truly creating cheap and highly reliable skin like devices "on the fly".
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Noah Jason
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wei Shen
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ‡Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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44
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Dossi N, Terzi F, Piccin E, Toniolo R, Bontempelli G. Rapid Prototyping of Sensors and Conductive Elements by Day-to-Day Writing Tools and Emerging Manufacturing Technologies. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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45
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Abhinav K V, Rao R VK, Karthik PS, Singh SP. Copper conductive inks: synthesis and utilization in flexible electronics. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08205f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive inks are a recent advance in electronics and have promising future applications in flexible electronics and smart applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Abhinav K
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Venkata Krishna Rao R
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - P. S. Karthik
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Surya Prakash Singh
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
- Network Institute of Solar Energy (CSIR-NISE)
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