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Ling S, Wei X, Luo X, Li X, Li S, Xiong F, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Surfactant Micelle-Driven High-Efficiency and High-Resolution Length Separation of Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400303. [PMID: 38501842 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
High-efficiency extraction of long single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with excellent optoelectronic properties from SWCNT solution is critical for enabling their application in high-performance optoelectronic devices. Here, a straightforward and high-efficiency method is reported for length separation of SWCNTs by modulating the concentrations of binary surfactants. The results demonstrate that long SWCNTs can spontaneously precipitate for binary-surfactant but not for single-surfactant systems. This effect is attributed to the formation of compound micelles by binary surfactants that squeeze the free space of long SWCNTs due to their large excluded volumes. With this technique, it can readily separate near-pure long (≥500 nm in length, 99% in content) and short (≤500 nm in length, 98% in content) SWCNTs with separation efficiencies of 26% and 64%, respectively, exhibiting markedly greater length resolution and separation efficiency than those of previously reported methods. Thin-film transistors fabricated from extracted semiconducting SWCNTs with lengths >500 nm exhibit significantly improved electrical properties, including a 10.5-fold on-state current and 14.7-fold mobility, compared with those with lengths <500 nm. The present length separation technique is perfectly compatible with various surfactant-based methods for structure separations of SWCNTs and is significant for fabrication of high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ling
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Optoelectronic, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feibing Xiong
- Department of Optoelectronic, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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2
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Han J, Xu X, Zhang Z. Removing Conjugated Polymers from Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309654. [PMID: 38530064 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Aligned carbon nanotube (A-CNT) with high semiconducting purity and high-density have been considered as one of the most promising active channels for field-effect transistors (FETs), but conjugated polymer dispersant residues on the surface of A-CNT have become the main obstacle for its further development in electronics applications. In this work, a series of removable conjugated polymers (CPs) are designed and synthesized to achieve favorable purification and alignment for CNT arrays with a high density of ≈360 CNTs/µm. Furthermore, a removal process of CPs on the CNT array film is developed. Raman spectra show that the CNTs in array film are almost not damaged after the removal process, and the G/D ratio is as high as 35. The field-effect transistors (FETs) are fabricated with a saturation current density up to 600 µA µm-1 and a current on-off ratio of ≈105, even with a relatively long channel length of ≈3 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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3
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Cao L, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Nan Z, Xiao W, Qiu S, Kang L, Jin H, Li Q. Iterative Strategy for Sorting Single-Chirality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Aqueous to Organic Systems. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3783-3790. [PMID: 38236194 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Significant advancements in electronic devices and integrated circuits have been facilitated by semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) sorted by conjugated polymers (CPs). However, the variety of CPs with single-chirality selectivity is limited, and the sorting results are strongly dependent on the chiral distribution of the starting materials. To address this, we develop an iterative strategy to achieve single-chirality SWCNT separation from aqueous to organic systems, based on a multistep tandem extraction technique that allows a gentle and nondestructive separation of surfactants from SWCNTs, ensuring an efficient system transfer. In parallel, we refined the iterative sorting process between CPs. Employing two starting materials with narrow diameter distributions, using three CPs, we successfully sorted out five single-chirality SWCNTs of the (9,5), (8,6), (10,5), (8,7), and (11,3) species in organic systems. This strategy bridges the gap between aqueous and organic separation systems, achieving efficient complementarity between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leitao Cao
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jintao Zhao
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zeyuan Nan
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenxin Xiao
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Song Qiu
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lixing Kang
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hehua Jin
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou 215123, China
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Dzienia A, Just D, Taborowska P, Mielanczyk A, Milowska KZ, Yorozuya S, Naka S, Shiraki T, Janas D. Mixed-Solvent Engineering as a Way around the Trade-Off between Yield and Purity of (7,3) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Obtained Using Conjugated Polymer Extraction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304211. [PMID: 37467281 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The inability to purify nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to the desired extent hampers the progress in nanoscience. Various SWCNT types can be purified by extraction, but it is challenging to establish conditions giving rise to the isolation of high-purity fractions. The problem stems from the fact that common organic solvents or water cannot provide an optimal environment for purification. Consequently, one must often decide between the separation yield and purity of the product. This article reports how through the self-synthesis of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) with tailored characteristics, in-depth elucidation of the extraction process, and mixed-solvent engineering, a high-yield isolation of monochiral (7,3) SWCNTs is developed. The combination of toluene and tetralin affords a separation medium of unique properties, wherein both high yield and exceptional purity can be attained simultaneously. The reported results pave the way for further research on this rare chirality, which, as illustrated herein, is much more reactive than any of the previously separated SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Dzienia
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 12, Katowice, 40-007, Poland
| | - Dominik Just
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Patrycja Taborowska
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Anna Mielanczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Karolina Z Milowska
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Shunji Yorozuya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sadahito Naka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
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Chen S, Chen Y, Xu H, Lyu M, Zhang X, Han Z, Liu H, Yao Y, Xu C, Sheng J, Xu Y, Gao L, Gao N, Zhang Z, Peng LM, Li Y. Single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by laser ablation from coal for field-effect transistors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5185-5191. [PMID: 37724683 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01053h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting extensive attention due to their excellent properties. We have developed a strategy of using coal to synthesize SWCNTs for high performance field-effect transistors (FETs). The high-quality SWCNTs were synthesized by laser ablation using only coal as the carbon source and Co-Ni as the catalyst. We show that coal is a carbon source superior to graphite with higher yield and better selectivity toward SWCNTs with smaller diameters. Without any pre-purification, the as-prepared SWCNTs were directly sorted based on their conductivity and diameter using either aqueous two-phase extraction or organic phase extraction with PCz (poly[9-(1-octylonoyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl]). The semiconducting SWCNTs sorted by one-step PCz extraction were used to fabricate thin film FETs. The transformation of coal into FETs (and further integrated circuits) demonstrates an efficient way of utilizing natural resources and a marvelous example in green carbon technology. Considering its short steps and high feasibility, it presents great potential in future practical applications not limited to electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yuguang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Haitao Xu
- Institute for Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, Peking University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030012, China
- Institute of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- Beijing Institute of Carbon-based Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Min Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhen Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Haoming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yixi Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Chi Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jian Sheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yifan Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Beijing Institute of Carbon-based Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Ningfei Gao
- Beijing Institute of Carbon-based Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Zeyao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Institute for Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, Peking University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030012, China
- Institute of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Institute for Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, Peking University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Institute for Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, Peking University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030012, China
- PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
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6
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Ma C, Schrage CA, Gretz J, Akhtar A, Sistemich L, Schnitzler L, Li H, Tschulik K, Flavel BS, Kruss S. Stochastic Formation of Quantum Defects in Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15989-15998. [PMID: 37527201 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Small perturbations in the structure of materials significantly affect their properties. One example is single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), which exhibit chirality-dependent near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence. They can be modified with quantum defects through the reaction with diazonium salts, and the number or distribution of these defects determines their photophysics. However, the presence of multiple chiralities in typical SWCNT samples complicates the identification of defect-related emission features. Here, we show that quantum defects do not affect aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) of different SWCNT chiralities into different phases, which suggests low numbers of defects. For bulk samples, the bandgap emission (E11) of monochiral (6,5)-SWCNTs decreases, and the defect-related emission feature (E11*) increases with diazonium salt concentration and represents a proxy for the defect number. The high purity of monochiral samples from ATPE allows us to image NIR fluorescence contributions (E11 = 986 nm and E11* = 1140 nm) on the single SWCNT level. Interestingly, we observe a stochastic (Poisson) distribution of quantum defects. SWCNTs have most likely one to three defects (for low to high (bulk) quantum defect densities). Additionally, we verify this number by following single reaction events that appear as discrete steps in the temporal fluorescence traces. We thereby count single reactions via NIR imaging and demonstrate that stochasticity plays a crucial role in the optical properties of SWCNTs. These results show that there can be a large discrepancy between ensemble and single particle experiments/properties of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | | | - Juliana Gretz
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Anas Akhtar
- Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Linda Sistemich
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Lena Schnitzler
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg 47057, Germany
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Tiwari P, Podleśny B, Krzywiecki M, Milowska KZ, Janas D. Understanding the partitioning behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes using an aqueous two-phase extraction system composed of non-ionic surfactants and polymers. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:685-694. [PMID: 36919756 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00023k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a Pluronic/Dextran system was developed to discover the mechanism of the aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) technique, which is widely employed for the sorting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and other types of nanomaterials. The role of the phase-forming components and partitioning modulators was comprehensively investigated to gain greater insights into the differentiation process. The obtained results revealed that sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate operated as excellent partitioning modulators, enabling the diameter-based sorting of SWCNTs. Additionally, the data strongly suggested that different densities of various SWCNT species drove the movement of SWCNTs in the ATPE system. Consequently, the largest diameter SWCNTs were first influenced by surfactants and, thus, the nanotubes migrated towards a lower density top phase in the following order (7,5) > (8,3) > (6,5) > (6,4). Based on the in-depth analysis of the partitioning system, a mechanism was proposed that described the method in which the popular ATPE separation technique operates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjala Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Błażej Podleśny
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Maciej Krzywiecki
- Institute of Physics-CSE, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karolina Z Milowska
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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Podlesny B, Hinkle KR, Hayashi K, Niidome Y, Shiraki T, Janas D. Highly-Selective Harvesting of (6,4) SWCNTs Using the Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction Method and Nonionic Surfactants. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207218. [PMID: 36856265 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Monochiral single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are indispensable for advancing the technology readiness level of nanocarbon-based concepts. In recent times, many separation techniques have been developed to obtain specific SWCNTs from raw unsorted materials to catalyze the development in this area. This work presents how the aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) method can be enhanced for the straightforward isolation of (6,4) SWCNTs in one step. Introducing nonionic surfactant into the typically employed mixture of anionic surfactants, which drive the partitioning, is essential to increasing the ATPE system's resolution. A thorough analysis of the parameter space by experiments and modeling reveals the underlying interactions between SWCNTs, surfactants, and phase-forming agents, which drive the partitioning. Based on new insight gained on this front, a separation mechanism is proposed. Notably, the developed method is highly robust, which is proven by isolating (6,4) SWCNTs from several raw SWCNT materials, including SWCNT waste generated over the years in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Podlesny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Kevin R Hinkle
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Keita Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Niidome
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
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9
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Yang D, Li L, Li X, Xi W, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wei X, Zhou W, Wei F, Xie S, Liu H. Preparing high-concentration individualized carbon nanotubes for industrial separation of multiple single-chirality species. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2491. [PMID: 37120644 PMCID: PMC10148823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial production of single-chirality carbon nanotubes is critical for their applications in high-speed and low-power nanoelectronic devices, but both their growth and separation have been major challenges. Here, we report a method for industrial separation of single-chirality carbon nanotubes from a variety of raw materials with gel chromatography by increasing the concentration of carbon nanotube solution. The high-concentration individualized carbon nanotube solution is prepared by ultrasonic dispersion followed by centrifugation and ultrasonic redispersion. With this technique, the concentration of the as-prepared individualized carbon nanotubes is increased from about 0.19 mg/mL to approximately 1 mg/mL, and the separation yield of multiple single-chirality species is increased by approximately six times to the milligram scale in one separation run with gel chromatography. When the dispersion technique is applied to an inexpensive hybrid of graphene and carbon nanotubes with a wide diameter range of 0.8-2.0 nm, and the separation yield of single-chirality species is increased by more than an order of magnitude to the sub-milligram scale. Moreover, with present separation technique, the environmental impact and cost of producing single-chirality species are greatly reduced. We anticipate that this method promotes industrial production and practical applications of single-chirality carbon nanotubes in carbon-based integration circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Advanced Passivation Technology Lab, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuejuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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10
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Zhang C, Liu X, Gong J, Zhao Q. Liquid sculpture and curing of bio-inspired polyelectrolyte aqueous two-phase systems. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2456. [PMID: 37117170 PMCID: PMC10147642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) provide imperative interfaces and compartments in biology, but the sculpture and conversion of liquid structures to functional solids is challenging. Here, inspired by phase evolution of mussel foot proteins ATPS, we tackle this problem by designing poly(ionic liquids) capable of responsive condensation and phase-dependent curing. When mixed with poly(dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride), the poly(ionic liquids) formed liquid condensates and ATPS, which were tuned into bicontinuous liquid phases under stirring. Selective, rapid curing of the poly(ionic liquids)-rich phase was facilitated under basic conditions (pH 11), leading to the liquid-to-gel conversion and structure sculpture, i.e., the evolution from ATPS to macroporous sponges featuring bead-and-string networks. This mechanism enabled the selective embedment of carbon nanotubes in the poly(ionic liquids)-rich phase, which showed exceptional stability in harsh conditions (10 wt% NaCl, 80 oC, 3 days) and high (2.5 kg/m2h) solar thermal desalination of concentrated salty water under 1-sun irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Xufei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Jiang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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11
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Finnie P, Ouyang J, Fagan JA. Broadband Full-Spectrum Raman Excitation Mapping Reveals Intricate Optoelectronic-Vibrational Resonance Structure of Chirality-Pure Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7285-7295. [PMID: 37010116 PMCID: PMC10134487 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Raman excitation spectra of chirality-pure (6,5), (7,5), and (8,3) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are explored for homogeneous solid film samples over broad excitation energy and scattering energy ranges using a rapid and relatively simple full spectrum Raman excitation mapping technique. Identification of variation in scattering intensity with sample type and phonon energy related to different vibrational bands is clearly realized. Excitation profiles are found to vary strongly for different phonon modes. Some modes' Raman excitation profiles are extracted, with the G band profile compared to earlier work. Other modes, such as the M and iTOLA modes, have quite sharp resonance profiles and strong resonances. Conventional fixed wavelength Raman spectroscopy can miss these effects on the scattering intensities entirely due to the significant intensity changes observed for small variations in excitation wavelength. Peak intensities for phonon modes traceable to a pristine carbon lattice forming a SWCNT sidewall were greater for high-crystallinity materials. In the case of highly defective SWCNTs, the scattering intensities of the G band and the defect-related D band are demonstrated to be affected both in absolute intensities and in relative ratio, with the ratio that would be measured by single wavelength Raman scattering dependent on the excitation wavelength due to differences in the resonance energy profiles of the two bands. Lastly it is shown that the approach of this contribution yields a clear path toward increasing the rigor and quantification of resonance Raman scattering intensity measurements through tractable corrections of excitation and emission side variations in efficiency with excitation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Finnie
- National
Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jianying Ouyang
- National
Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A. Fagan
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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12
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Ackermann J, Stegemann J, Smola T, Reger E, Jung S, Schmitz A, Herbertz S, Erpenbeck L, Seidl K, Kruss S. High Sensitivity Near-Infrared Imaging of Fluorescent Nanosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206856. [PMID: 36610045 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical processes are fast and occur on small-length scales, which makes them difficult to measure. Optical nanosensors based on single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are able to capture such dynamics. They fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR, 850-1700 nm) tissue transparency window and the emission wavelength depends on their chirality. However, NIR imaging requires specialized indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) cameras with a typically low resolution because the quantum yield of normal Si-based cameras rapidly decreases in the NIR. Here, an efficient one-step phase separation approach to isolate monochiral (6,4)-SWCNTs (880 nm emission) from mixed SWCNT samples is developed. It enables imaging them in the NIR with high-resolution standard Si-based cameras (>50× more pixels). (6,4)-SWCNTs modified with (GT)10 -ssDNA become highly sensitive to the important neurotransmitter dopamine. These sensors are 1.7× brighter and 7.5× more sensitive and allow fast imaging (<50 ms). They enable high-resolution imaging of dopamine release from cells. Thus, the assembly of biosensors from (6,4)-SWCNTs combines the advantages of nanosensors working in the NIR with the sensitivity of (Si-based) cameras and enables broad usage of these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarkstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jan Stegemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Smola
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarkstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Eline Reger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarkstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jung
- ZEMOS Center for Solvation Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne Schmitz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 58, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 58, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Karsten Seidl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarkstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Carl-Benz-Strasse 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Carl-Benz-Strasse 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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13
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Ko J, Kim D, Sim G, Moon SY, Lee SS, Jang SG, Ahn S, Im SG, Joo Y. Scalable, Highly Pure, and Diameter-Sorted Boron Nitride Nanotube by Aqueous Polymer Two-Phase Extraction. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201341. [PMID: 36707408 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) has attracted recent attention owing to its exceptional material properties; yet, practical implementation in real-life applications has been elusive, mainly due to the purity issues associated with its large-scale synthesis. Although different purification methods have been discussed so far, there lacks a scalable solution method in the community. In this work, a simple, high-throughput, and scalable purification of BNNT is reported via modification of an established sorting technique, aqueous polymer two-phase extraction. A complete partition mapping of the boron nitride species is established, which enables the segregation of the highly pure BNNT with a major impurity removal efficiency of > 98%. A successful scaling up of the process is illustrated and provides solid evidence of its diameter sorting behavior. Last, towards its macroscopic assemblies, a liquid crystal of the purified BNNT is demonstrated. The effort toward large-scale solution purification of BNNT is believed to contribute significantly to the macroscopic realization of its exceptional properties in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyoung Ko
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Nano Century, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeun Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Giho Sim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Youn Moon
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gyu Jang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhoon Ahn
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Nano Century, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Joo
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
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14
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Son S, Park H, Jang WD, Ju SY. Larger diameter selection of carbon nanotubes by two phase extraction using amphiphilic polymeric surfactant. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Chen Y, Lyu M, Zhang Z, Yang F, Li Y. Controlled Preparation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Materials for Electronics. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1490-1505. [PMID: 36439305 PMCID: PMC9686200 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are of particular interest as channel materials for field-effect transistors due to their unique structure and excellent properties. The controlled preparation of SWCNTs that meet the requirement of semiconducting and chiral purity, high density, and good alignment for high-performance electronics has become a key challenge in this field. In this Outlook, we outline the efforts in the preparation of SWCNTs for electronics from three main aspects, structure-controlled growth, selective sorting, and solution assembly, and discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities. We expect that this Outlook can provide some ideas for addressing the existing challenges and inspire the development of SWCNT-based high-performance electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Lyu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyao Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- PKU-HKUST
ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, People’s
Republic of China
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16
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Franklin AD, Hersam MC, Wong HSP. Carbon nanotube transistors: Making electronics from molecules. Science 2022; 378:726-732. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting carbon nanotubes are robust molecules with nanometer-scale diameters that can be used in field-effect transistors, from larger thin-film implementation to devices that work in conjunction with silicon electronics, and can potentially be used as a platform for high-performance digital electronics as well as radio-frequency and sensing applications. Recent progress in the materials, devices, and technologies related to carbon nanotube transistors is briefly reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the most broadly impactful advancements that have evolved from single-nanotube devices to implementations with aligned nanotubes and even nanotube thin films. There are obstacles that remain to be addressed, including material synthesis and processing control, device structure design and transport considerations, and further integration demonstrations with improved reproducibility and reliability; however, the integration of more than 10,000 devices in single functional chips has already been realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - H.-S. Philip Wong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford SystemX Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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17
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Avramenko M, Defillet J, López Carrillo MÁ, Martinati M, Wenseleers W, Cambré S. Variations in bile salt surfactant structure allow tuning of the sorting of single-wall carbon nanotubes by aqueous two-phase extraction. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15484-15497. [PMID: 36226764 PMCID: PMC9612395 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03883h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Being some of the most efficient agents to individually solubilize single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), bile salt surfactants (BSS) represent the foundation for the surfactant-based structure sorting and spectroscopic characterization of SWCNTs. In this work, we investigate three BSS in their ability to separate different SWCNT chiral structures by aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE): sodium deoxycholate (DOC), sodium cholate (SC) and sodium chenodeoxycholate (CDOC). The small difference in their chemical structure (just one hydroxyl group) leads to significant differences in their stacking behavior on SWCNT walls with different diameter and chiral structure that, in turn, has direct consequences for the chiral sorting of SWCNTs using these BSS. By performing several series of systematic ATPE experiments, we reveal that, in general, the stacking of DOC and CDOC is more enantioselective than the stacking of SC on the SWCNT walls, while SC has a clear diameter preference for efficiently solubilizing the SWCNTs in comparison to DOC and CDOC. Moreover, combining sodium dodecylsulfate with SC allows for resolving the ATPE sorting transitions of empty and water-filled SWCNTs for a number of SWCNT chiralities. We also show that addition of SC to combinations of DOC and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate can enhance separations of particular chiralities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Avramenko
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Joeri Defillet
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Miguel Ángel López Carrillo
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Miles Martinati
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Wim Wenseleers
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Cambré
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
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18
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Kharlamova MV, Burdanova MG, Paukov MI, Kramberger C. Synthesis, Sorting, and Applications of Single-Chirality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15175898. [PMID: 36079282 PMCID: PMC9457432 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of high-quality chirality-pure single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is vital for their applications. It is of high importance to modernize the synthesis processes to decrease the synthesis temperature and improve the quality and yield of SWCNTs. This review is dedicated to the chirality-selective synthesis, sorting of SWCNTs, and applications of chirality-pure SWCNTs. The review begins with a description of growth mechanisms of carbon nanotubes. Then, we discuss the synthesis methods of semiconducting and metallic conductivity-type and single-chirality SWCNTs, such as the epitaxial growth method of SWCNT ("cloning") using nanocarbon seeds, the growth method using nanocarbon segments obtained by organic synthesis, and the catalyst-mediated chemical vapor deposition synthesis. Then, we discuss the separation methods of SWCNTs by conductivity type, such as electrophoresis (dielectrophoresis), density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGC), low-speed DGC, ultrahigh DGC, chromatography, two-phase separation, selective solubilization, and selective reaction methods and techniques for single-chirality separation of SWCNTs, including density gradient centrifugation, two-phase separation, and chromatography methods. Finally, the applications of separated SWCNTs, such as field-effect transistors (FETs), sensors, light emitters and photodetectors, transparent electrodes, photovoltaics (solar cells), batteries, bioimaging, and other applications, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V. Kharlamova
- Centre for Advanced Material Application (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubrávská cesta 5807/9, 854 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-BC-2, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Maria G. Burdanova
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.G.B.); (M.I.P.); (C.K.)
| | - Maksim I. Paukov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.G.B.); (M.I.P.); (C.K.)
| | - Christian Kramberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (M.G.B.); (M.I.P.); (C.K.)
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19
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Nanotube Functionalization: Investigation, Methods and Demonstrated Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155386. [PMID: 35955321 PMCID: PMC9369776 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This review presents an update on nanotube functionalization, including an investigation of their methods and applications. The review starts with the discussion of microscopy and spectroscopy investigations of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The results of transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and resistivity measurements are summarized. The update on the methods of the functionalization of CNTs, such as covalent and non-covalent modification or the substitution of carbon atoms, is presented. The demonstrated applications of functionalized CNTs in nanoelectronics, composites, electrochemical energy storage, electrode materials, sensors and biomedicine are discussed.
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20
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Nißler R, Ackermann J, Ma C, Kruss S. Prospects of Fluorescent Single-Chirality Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9941-9951. [PMID: 35786856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR), and the emission wavelength depends on their structure (chirality). Interactions with other molecules affect their fluorescence, which has successfully been used for SWCNT-based molecular sensors. So far, most such sensors are assembled from crude mixtures of different SWCNT chiralities, which causes polydisperse sensor responses as well as spectral congestion and limits their performance. The advent of chirality-pure SWCNTs is about to overcome this limitation and paves the way for the next generation of biosensors. Here, we discuss the first examples of chirality-pure SWCNT-based fluorescent biosensors. We introduce routes to such sensors via aqueous two-phase extraction-assisted purification of SWCNTs and highlight the critical interplay between purification and surface modification procedures. Applications include the NIR detection and imaging of neurotransmitters, reactive oxygen species, lipids, bacterial motives, and plant metabolites. Most importantly, we outline a path toward how such monodisperse (chirality-pure) sensors will enable advanced multiplexed sensing with enhanced bioanalytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nißler
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Lab, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Ackermann
- Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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21
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Yang X, Zhu C, Zeng L, Xue W, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhao K, Lyu M, Wang L, Zhang YZ, Wang X, Li Y, Yang F. Polyoxometalate steric hindrance driven chirality-selective separation of subnanometer carbon nanotubes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5920-5928. [PMID: 35685796 PMCID: PMC9132071 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01160c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subnanometer single-chirality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are of particular interest in multiple applications. Inspired by the interdisciplinary combination of redox active polyoxometalates and SWCNTs, here we report a cluster steric hindrance strategy by assembling polyoxometalates on the outer surface of subnanometer SWCNTs via electron transfer and demonstrate the selective separation of monochiral (6,5) SWCNTs with a diameter of 0.75 nm by a commercially available conjugated polymer. The combined use of DFT calculations, TEM, and XPS unveils the mechanism that selective separation is associated with tube diameter-dependent interactions between the tube and clusters. Sonication drives the preferential detachment of polyoxometalate clusters from small-diameter (6,5) SWCNTs, attributable to weak tube–cluster interactions, which enables the polymer wrapping and separation of the released SWCNTs, while strong binding clusters with large-diameter SWCNTs provide steric hindrance and block the polymer wrapping. The polyoxometalate-assisted modulation, which can be rationally customized, provides a universal and robust pathway for the separation of SWCNTs. We develop a cluster steric hindrance strategy by assembling polyoxometalates on subnanometer single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and demonstrate the selective separation of single-chirality (6,5) SWCNTs via polymer extraction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Lianduan Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China .,Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou 215000 China
| | - Weiyang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Kaitong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Min Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yuan-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China .,Peking University Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen 518057 China.,PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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22
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Wei X, Li S, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200054. [PMID: 35293698 PMCID: PMC9108629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural control of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform properties is critical not only for their property modulation and functional design but also for applications in electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. To achieve this goal, various separation techniques have been developed in the past 20 years through which separation of high-purity semiconducting/metallic SWCNTs, single-chirality species, and even their enantiomers have been achieved. This progress has promoted the property modulation of SWCNTs and the development of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. Here, the recent advances in the structure separation of SWCNTs are reviewed, from metallic/semiconducting SWCNTs, to single-chirality species, and to enantiomers by several typical separation techniques and the application of the corresponding sorted SWCNTs. Based on the separation procedure, efficiency, and scalability, as well as, the separable SWCNT species, purity, and quantity, the advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques are compared. Combined with the requirements of SWCNT application, the challenges, prospects, and development direction of structure separation are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Wenke Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
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23
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Sims CM, Fagan JA. Surfactant Chemistry and Polymer Choice Affect Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Extraction Conditions in Aqueous Two-Polymer Phase Extraction. CARBON 2022; 191:10.1016/j.carbon.2022.01.062. [PMID: 36579357 PMCID: PMC9791978 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative determination of the effects of surfactant chemistry and polymer chain length on the concentration conditions necessary to yield extraction of specific single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNCT) species in an aqueous two-polymer phase extraction (ATPE) separation are reported. In particular, the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain length, surfactant ratios, and systematic structural variations of alkyl surfactants and bile salts on the surfactant ratios necessary for extraction were investigated using a recently reported fluorescence-based method. Alkyl surfactant tail length was observed to strongly affect the amount of surfactant necessary to cause PEG-phase extraction of nanotube species in ATPE, while variation in the anionic sulfate/sulfonate head group chemistry has less impact on the concentration necessary for extraction. Substitution of different bile salts results in different surfactant packings on the SWCNTs, with substitution greatly affecting the alkyl surfactant concentrations required for (n,m) extraction. Finally, distinct alkyl-to-bile surfactant ratios were found to extract specific (n,m) SWCNTs across the whole effective window of absolute concentrations, supporting the hypothesized competitive adsorption mechanism model of SWCNT sorting. Altogether, these results provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms behind ATPE-based SWCNT separations, towards further development and optimization of the ATPE method for SWCNT chirality and handedness sorting.
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24
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Ackermann J, Metternich JT, Herbertz S, Kruss S. Biosensing with Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112372. [PMID: 34978752 PMCID: PMC9313876 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are powerful tools for modern basic research and biomedical diagnostics. Their development requires substantial input from the chemical sciences. Sensors or probes with an optical readout, such as fluorescence, offer rapid, minimally invasive sensing of analytes with high spatial and temporal resolution. The near‐infrared (NIR) region is beneficial because of the reduced background and scattering of biological samples (tissue transparency window) in this range. In this context, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have emerged as versatile NIR fluorescent building blocks for biosensors. Here, we provide an overview of advances in SWCNT‐based NIR fluorescent molecular sensors. We focus on chemical design strategies for diverse analytes and summarize insights into the photophysics and molecular recognition. Furthermore, different application areas are discussed—from chemical imaging of cellular systems and diagnostics to in vivo applications and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany.,Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Justus T Metternich
- Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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25
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Ackermann J, Metternich JT, Herbertz S, Kruss S. Biosensing with Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Department EBS University Duisburg-Essen Bismarckstrasse 81 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Justus T. Metternich
- Physical Chemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
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26
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Carbon Nanotube Devices for Quantum Technology. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041535. [PMID: 35208080 PMCID: PMC8878677 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes, quintessentially one-dimensional quantum objects, possess a variety of electrical, optical, and mechanical properties that are suited for developing devices that operate on quantum mechanical principles. The states of one-dimensional electrons, excitons, and phonons in carbon nanotubes with exceptionally large quantization energies are promising for high-operating-temperature quantum devices. Here, we discuss recent progress in the development of carbon-nanotube-based devices for quantum technology, i.e., quantum mechanical strategies for revolutionizing computation, sensing, and communication. We cover fundamental properties of carbon nanotubes, their growth and purification methods, and methodologies for assembling them into architectures of ordered nanotubes that manifest macroscopic quantum properties. Most importantly, recent developments and proposals for quantum information processing devices based on individual and assembled nanotubes are reviewed.
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27
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Gel Chromatography for Separation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020076. [PMID: 35200458 PMCID: PMC8871249 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), having either metallic or semiconducting properties depending on their chirality, are advanced materials that can be used for different devices and materials (e.g., fuel cells, transistors, solar cells, reinforced materials, and medical materials) due to their excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal conductivity. Single-walled CNTs (SWNTs) have received special attention due to their outstanding electrical and optical properties; however, the inability to selectively synthesize specific types of CNTs has been a major obstacle for their commercialization. Therefore, researchers have studied different methods for the separation of SWNTs based on their electrical and optical properties. Gel chromatography methods enable the large-scale separation of metallic/semiconducting (m/s) SWNTs and single-chirality SWNTs with specific bandgaps. The core principle of gel chromatography-based SWNT separation is the interaction between the SWNTs and gels, which depends on the unique electrical properties of the former. Controlled pore glass, silica gel, agarose-based gel, and allyl dextran-based gel have been exploited as mediums for gel chromatography. In this paper, the interaction between SWNTs and gels and the different gel chromatography-based SWNT separation technologies are introduced. This paper can serve as a reference for researchers who plan to separate SWNTs with gel chromatography.
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28
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Massetti M, Jiao F, Ferguson AJ, Zhao D, Wijeratne K, Würger A, Blackburn JL, Crispin X, Fabiano S. Unconventional Thermoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12465-12547. [PMID: 34702037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat is an abundant but often wasted source of energy. Thus, harvesting just a portion of this tremendous amount of energy holds significant promise for a more sustainable society. While traditional solid-state inorganic semiconductors have dominated the research stage on thermal-to-electrical energy conversion, carbon-based semiconductors have recently attracted a great deal of attention as potential thermoelectric materials for low-temperature energy harvesting, primarily driven by the high abundance of their atomic elements, ease of processing/manufacturing, and intrinsically low thermal conductivity. This quest for new materials has resulted in the discovery of several new kinds of thermoelectric materials and concepts capable of converting a heat flux into an electrical current by means of various types of particles transporting the electric charge: (i) electrons, (ii) ions, and (iii) redox molecules. This has contributed to expanding the applications envisaged for thermoelectric materials far beyond simple conversion of heat into electricity. This is the motivation behind this review. This work is divided in three sections. In the first section, we present the basic principle of the thermoelectric effects when the particles transporting the electric charge are electrons, ions, and redox molecules and describe the conceptual differences between the three thermodiffusion phenomena. In the second section, we review the efforts made on developing devices exploiting these three effects and give a thorough understanding of what limits their performance. In the third section, we review the state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials investigated so far and provide a comprehensive understanding of what limits charge and energy transport in each of these classes of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Massetti
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Fei Jiao
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Andrew J Ferguson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401 United States
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Kosala Wijeratne
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Alois Würger
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | | | - Xavier Crispin
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
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29
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Langenbacher R, Budhathoki-Uprety J, Jena PV, Roxbury D, Streit J, Zheng M, Heller DA. Single-Chirality Near-Infrared Carbon Nanotube Sub-Cellular Imaging and FRET Probes. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6441-6448. [PMID: 34296885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in bioimaging and biosensing have been limited by difficulties with isolating single-chirality nanotube preparations with desired functionalities. Unique optical properties, such as multiple narrow near-infrared bands and several modes of signal transduction, including solvatochromism and FRET, are ideal for live cell/organism imaging and sensing applications. However, internanotube FRET has not been investigated in biological contexts. We developed single-chirality subcellular SWCNT imaging probes and investigated their internanotube FRET capabilities in live cells. To functionalize SWCNTs, we replaced the surfactant coating of aqueous two-phase extraction-sorted single-chirality nanotubes with helical polycarbodiimide polymers containing different functionalities. We achieved single-chirality SWCNT targeting of different subcellular structures, including the nucleus, to enable multiplexed imaging. We also targeted purified (6,5) and (7,6) chiralities to the same structures and observed internanotube FRET within these organelles. This work portends the use of single-chirality carbon nanotube optical probes for applications in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Januka Budhathoki-Uprety
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Prakrit V Jena
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Jason Streit
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Ming Zheng
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20089, United States
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
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30
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Ahmed T, Yamanishi C, Kojima T, Takayama S. Aqueous Two-Phase Systems and Microfluidics for Microscale Assays and Analytical Measurements. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:231-255. [PMID: 33950741 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091520-101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation is a common occurrence in nature. Synthetic and natural polymers, salts, ionic liquids, surfactants, and biomacromolecules phase separate in water, resulting in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). This review discusses the properties, handling, and uses of ATPSs. These systems have been used for protein, nucleic acid, virus, and cell purification and have in recent years found new uses for small organics, polysaccharides, extracellular vesicles, and biopharmaceuticals. Analytical biochemistry applications such as quantifying protein-protein binding, probing for conformational changes, or monitoring enzyme activity have been performed with ATPSs. Not only are ATPSs biocompatible, they also retain their properties at the microscale, enabling miniaturization experiments such as droplet microfluidics, bacterial quorum sensing, multiplexed and point-of-care immunoassays, and cell patterning. ATPSs include coacervates and may find wider interest in the context of intracellular phase separation and origin of life. Recent advances in fundamental understanding and in commercial application are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasdiq Ahmed
- Walter H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
| | - Cameron Yamanishi
- Walter H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
| | - Taisuke Kojima
- Walter H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Walter H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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31
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Podlesny B, Olszewska B, Yaari Z, Jena PV, Ghahramani G, Feiner R, Heller DA, Janas D. En route to single-step, two-phase purification of carbon nanotubes facilitated by high-throughput spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10618. [PMID: 34011997 PMCID: PMC8134628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is desirable for applications in many fields, but general utility is currently hampered by low throughput. We discovered a method to obtain single-chirality SWCNT enrichment by the aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) method in a single step. To achieve appropriate resolution, a biphasic system of non-ionic tri-block copolymer surfactant is varied with an ionic surfactant. A nearly-monochiral fraction of SWCNTs can then be harvested from the top phase. We also found, via high-throughput, near-infrared excitation-emission photoluminescence spectroscopy, that the parameter space of ATPE can be mapped to probe the mechanics of the separation process. Finally, we found that optimized conditions can be used for sorting of SWCNTs wrapped with ssDNA as well. Elimination of the need for surfactant exchange and simplicity of the separation process make the approach promising for high-yield generation of purified single-chirality SWCNT preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Podlesny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Olszewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zvi Yaari
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prakrit V Jena
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Ghahramani
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ron Feiner
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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32
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Zhu H, Hong L, Tanaka H, Ma X, Yang C. Facile Solvent Mixing Strategy for Extracting Highly Enriched (6,5)Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Improved Yield. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibiao Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liu Hong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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33
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Nißler R, Kurth L, Li H, Spreinat A, Kuhlemann I, Flavel BS, Kruss S. Sensing with Chirality-Pure Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6446-6455. [PMID: 33830740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and the emission wavelength depends on their chirality (n,m). Interactions with the environment affect the fluorescence and can be tailored by functionalizing SWCNTs with biopolymers such as DNA, which is the basis for fluorescent biosensors. So far, such biosensors have been mainly assembled from mixtures of SWCNT chiralities with large spectral overlap, which affects sensitivity as well as selectivity and prevents multiplexed sensing. The main challenge to gain chirality-pure sensors has been to combine approaches to isolate specific SWCNTs and generic (bio)functionalization approaches. Here, we created chirality-pure SWCNT-based NIR biosensors for important analytes such as neurotransmitters and investigated the effect of SWCNT chirality/handedness as well as long-term stability and sensitivity. For this purpose, we used aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) to gain chirality-pure (6,5)-, (7,5)-, (9,4)-, and (7,6)-SWCNTs (emission at ∼990, 1040, 1115, and 1130 nm, respectively). An exchange of the surfactant sodium deoxycholate (DOC) to specific single-stranded (ss)DNA sequences yielded monochiral sensors for small analytes (dopamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, pH). DOC residues impaired sensitivity, and therefore substantial removal was necessary. The assembled monochiral (6,5)-SWCNTs were up to 10 times brighter than their nonpurified counterparts, and the ssDNA sequence determined the absolute fluorescence intensity as well as colloidal (long-term) stability and selectivity for the analytes. (GT)40-(6,5)-SWCNTs displayed the maximum fluorescence response to the neurotransmitter dopamine (+140%, Kd = 1.9 × 10-7 M) and a long-term stability of >14 days. The specific ssDNA sequences imparted selectivity to the analytes mostly independent of SWCNT chirality and handedness of (±) (6,5)-SWCNTs, which allowed a predictable design. Finally, multiple monochiral/single-color SWCNTs were combined to achieve ratiometric/multiplexed sensing of the important analytes dopamine, riboflavin, H2O2, and pH. In summary, we demonstrated the assembly, characteristics, and potential of monochiral (single-color) SWCNTs for NIR fluorescence sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nißler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Larissa Kurth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Spreinat
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ilyas Kuhlemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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34
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Upadhya R, Kosuri S, Tamasi M, Meyer TA, Atta S, Webb MA, Gormley AJ. Automation and data-driven design of polymer therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:1-28. [PMID: 33242537 PMCID: PMC8127395 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are uniquely suited for drug delivery and biomaterial applications due to tunable structural parameters such as length, composition, architecture, and valency. To facilitate designs, researchers may explore combinatorial libraries in a high throughput fashion to correlate structure to function. However, traditional polymerization reactions including controlled living radical polymerization (CLRP) and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) require inert reaction conditions and extensive expertise to implement. With the advent of air-tolerance and automation, several polymerization techniques are now compatible with well plates and can be carried out at the benchtop, making high throughput synthesis and high throughput screening (HTS) possible. To avoid HTS pitfalls often described as "fishing expeditions," it is crucial to employ intelligent and big data approaches to maximize experimental efficiency. This is where the disruptive technologies of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) will likely play a role. In fact, ML and AI are already impacting small molecule drug discovery and showing signs of emerging in drug delivery. In this review, we present state-of-the-art research in drug delivery, gene delivery, antimicrobial polymers, and bioactive polymers alongside data-driven developments in drug design and organic synthesis. From this insight, important lessons are revealed for the polymer therapeutics community including the value of a closed loop design-build-test-learn workflow. This is an exciting time as researchers will gain the ability to fully explore the polymer structural landscape and establish quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) with biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Supriya Atta
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael A Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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35
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Constructing a phase-controllable aqueous biphasic system by using deep eutectic solvent as adjuvant. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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Wei N, Tian Y, Liao Y, Komatsu N, Gao W, Lyuleeva-Husemann A, Zhang Q, Hussain A, Ding EX, Yao F, Halme J, Liu K, Kono J, Jiang H, Kauppinen EI. Colors of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006395. [PMID: 33314478 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit various colors in suspension, directly synthesized SWCNT films usually appear black. Recently, a unique one-step method for directly fabricating green and brown films has been developed. Such remarkable progress, however, has brought up several new questions. The coloration mechanism, potentially achievable colors, and color controllability of SWCNTs are unknown. Here, a quantitative model is reported that can predict the specific colors of SWCNT films and unambiguously identify the coloration mechanism. Using this model, colors of 466 different SWCNT species are calculated, which reveals a broad spectrum of potentially achievable colors of SWCNTs. The calculated colors are in excellent agreement with existing experimental data. Furthermore, the theory predicts the existence of many brilliantly colored SWCNT films, which are experimentally expected. This study shows that SWCNTs as a form of pure carbon, can display a full spectrum of vivid colors, which is expected to complement the general understanding of carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wei
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Yongping Liao
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Natsumi Komatsu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Aqeel Hussain
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Er-Xiong Ding
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Fengrui Yao
- School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Janne Halme
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Kaihui Liu
- School of Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, 00076, Finland
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37
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Yang D, Li L, Wei X, Wang Y, Zhou W, Kataura H, Xie S, Liu H. Submilligram-scale separation of near-zigzag single-chirality carbon nanotubes by temperature controlling a binary surfactant system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/8/eabe0084. [PMID: 33597241 PMCID: PMC7888923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mass production of zigzag and near-zigzag single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), whether by growth or separation, remains a challenge, which hinders the disclosure of their previously unknown property and practical applications. Here, we report a method to separate SWCNTs by chiral angle through temperature control of a binary surfactant system of sodium cholate (SC) and SDS in gel chromatography. Eleven types of single-chirality SWCNT species with chiral angle less than 20° were efficiently separated including multiple zigzag and near-zigzag species. Among them, (7, 3), (8, 3), (8, 4), (9, 1), (9, 2), (10, 2), and (11, 1), were produced on the submilligram scale. The spectral detection results indicate that lowering the temperature induced selective adsorption and reorganization of the SC/SDS cosurfactants on SWCNTs with different chiral angles, amplifying their interaction difference with gel. We believe that this work is an important step toward industrial separation of single-chirality zigzag and near-zigzag SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hiromichi Kataura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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38
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Gaviria Rojas WA, Hersam MC. Chirality-Enriched Carbon Nanotubes for Next-Generation Computing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905654. [PMID: 32255238 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
For the past half century, silicon has served as the primary material platform for integrated circuit technology. However, the recent proliferation of nontraditional electronics, such as wearables, embedded systems, and low-power portable devices, has led to increasingly complex mechanical and electrical performance requirements. Among emerging electronic materials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising candidates for next-generation computing as a result of their superlative electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Moreover, their chirality-dependent properties enable a wide range of emerging electronic applications including sub-10 nm complementary field-effect transistors, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and enantiomer-recognition sensors. Here, recent progress in SWCNT-based computing devices is reviewed, with an emphasis on the relationship between chirality enrichment and electronic functionality. In particular, after highlighting chirality-dependent SWCNT properties and chirality enrichment methods, the range of computing applications that have been demonstrated using chirality-enriched SWCNTs are summarized. By identifying remaining challenges and opportunities, this work provides a roadmap for next-generation SWCNT-based computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Gaviria Rojas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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39
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Zheng Y, Bachilo SM, Weisman RB. Tailoring the Properties of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Samples through Structure-Selective Near-Infrared Photochemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6492-6497. [PMID: 32697092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As-produced samples of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) contain many structural forms with characteristic properties. In particular, semiconducting SWCNTs display distinct near-IR optical absorption and emission peaks. We show that the selective irradiation of these absorption features can induce structure-specific functionalization in unsorted SWCNT samples. This approach is demonstrated with an ambient temperature photoreaction involving dissolved O2 and irradiation at 955, 985, and 1130 nm, causing preferential covalent reactions of (8,3), (6,5), and (7,6) SWCNTs, respectively. Treated samples showed permanent fluorescence quenching and absorption bleaching near the irradiation wavelength and an increase in the Raman D/G intensity ratio, indicating the formation of covalent defects. The reaction has a very low photochemical quantum yield and was observed for samples suspended in single-stranded DNA and in conventional surfactants that gave incomplete coverage of the nanotube surface. The approach of exploiting sharp nanotube near-IR transitions for structure-selective photochemistry provides a path to tailor SWCNT optical properties for several potential applications without the need for physical sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sergei M Bachilo
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - R Bruce Weisman
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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40
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Konevtsova OV, Roshal DS, Dmitriev VP, Rochal SB. Carbon nanotube sorting due to commensurate molecular wrapping. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15725-15735. [PMID: 32677651 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03236k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be sorted by their structural parameters using organic molecules and polymers: some of which, demonstrating a profound affinity only for specific nanotubes, form dense coatings on them. Here, analyzing well-known examples of flavin group molecules and those of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, we show for the first time that successful formation of the considered coatings depends on the ability of molecules to wrap around the SWCNT in a commensurate way. Commensurability provides a decrease in the free energy of the resulting bilayer system and makes the coating much more stable. Concurrently, it strongly relates the nanotube chiral vector with the geometric characteristics of the adhering molecules, which leads to revealed selection rules. If they are not satisfied, the deposition of molecules does not occur or is insignificant. The proposed theory unambiguously explains known experimental results on the formation of spiral wrappings of SWCNTs by flavin group molecules and points out other organic molecules and polymers suitable for effective CNT sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Konevtsova
- Faculty of Physics, Southern Federal University, 5 Zorge str., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
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41
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Bodnaryk WJ, Li K, Adronov A. UV‐light mediated decomposition of a polyester for enrichment and release of semiconducting carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelvin Li
- Department of ChemistryMcMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of ChemistryMcMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
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42
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Nakashima N, Fukuzawa M, Nishimura K, Fujigaya T, Kato Y, Staykov A. Supramolecular Chemistry-Based One-Pot High-Efficiency Separation of Solubilizer-Free Pure Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Molecular Strategy and Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11847-11856. [PMID: 32539417 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have the potential to revolutionize nanoscale electronics and power sources; however, their low purity and high separation cost limit their use in practical applications. Here we present a supramolecular chemistry-based one-pot, less expensive, scalable, and highly efficient separation of a solubilizer/adsorbent-free pure semiconducting SWCNT (sc-SWCNT) using flavin/isoalloxazine analogues with different substituents. On the basis of both experimental and computational simulations (DFT study), we have revealed the molecular requirements of the solubilizers as well as provided a possible mechanism for such a highly efficient selective sc-SWCNT separation. The present sorting method is very simple (one-pot) and gives a promising sc-SWCNT separation methodology. Thus, the study provides insight for the molecular design of an sc-SWCNT solubilizer with a high (n,m)-chiral selectivity, which benefits many areas including semiconducting nanoelectronics, thermoelectric, bio and energy materials, and devices using solubilizer-free very pure sc-SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotoshi Nakashima
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukuzawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kanako Nishimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Aleksandar Staykov
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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43
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Podlesny B, Shiraki T, Janas D. One-step sorting of single-walled carbon nanotubes using aqueous two-phase extraction in the presence of basic salts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9250. [PMID: 32513999 PMCID: PMC7280227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple one-step approach to separate (6,5) CNTs from raw material by using the aqueous two-phase extraction method. To reach this goal, stable and inexpensive K2CO3, Na2CO3, Li2CO3, and K3PO4 basic salts are used as modulators of the differentiation process. Under the appropriate parameters, near monochiral fractions become available for straightforward harvesting. In parallel, we show that the isolation process is strongly affected not only by pH but by the inherent nature of the introduced chemical species as well. The results of our study also reveal that the commonly used ingredients of the biphasic system make a strong contribution to the course of the separation by having far from neutral pH values themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Podlesny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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44
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Yang F, Wang M, Zhang D, Yang J, Zheng M, Li Y. Chirality Pure Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Sorting, and Characterization. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2693-2758. [PMID: 32039585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to their structure (chirality) dependent outstanding properties, which endow them with great potential in a wide range of applications. The preparation of chirality-pure SWCNTs is not only a great scientific challenge but also a crucial requirement for many high-end applications. As such, research activities in this area over the last two decades have been very extensive. In this review, we summarize recent achievements and accumulated knowledge thus far and discuss future developments and remaining challenges from three aspects: controlled growth, postsynthesis sorting, and characterization techniques. In the growth part, we focus on the mechanism of chirality-controlled growth and catalyst design. In the sorting part, we organize and analyze existing literature based on sorting targets rather than methods. Since chirality assignment and quantification is essential in the study of selective preparation, we also include in the last part a comprehensive description and discussion of characterization techniques for SWCNTs. It is our view that even though progress made in this area is impressive, more efforts are still needed to develop both methodologies for preparing ultrapure (e.g., >99.99%) SWCNTs in large quantity and nondestructive fast characterization techniques with high spatial resolution for various nanotube samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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45
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Karandish M, Fardindoost S, Pazuki G. A Novel Approach in Sorting Chirality Species of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Based on an Aqueous Two-Phase System of Polymer-Salt. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2025. [PMID: 32029877 PMCID: PMC7005278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting of distinct (n, m) chirality species of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is essential for progress in technical applications in the field of electronic and optic devices. The purpose of this study is to investigate the isolation of single-wall carbon nanotubes based on diameters/chirality in a polymer-salt (polyethylene glycol and sodium citrate) aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) a substitute for common polymer-polymer (polyethylene glycol and dextran) system. The ATPS based on polymer-salt used instead of the common polymer-polymer system due to low viscosity, reduced surface tension, and lower cost of sodium citrate compared to the dextran. For this purpose, the ratio of concentrations of polyethylene glycol to sodium citrate as well as the effect of temperature on the isolation are both investigated and the selectivity and the recovery estimated approximately. The absorbance spectra from both top and bottom phases at different polymer and salt contents and at different temperatures show that by using this system in optimal conditions of polymer to salt ratio of 2:1 at temperature of 20 °C, a suitable separation of nanotubes with 85% yield of the chiral groups of 9 and 10 can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Karandish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Pazuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
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46
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Li H, Gordeev G, Garrity O, Peyyety NA, Selvasundaram PB, Dehm S, Krupke R, Cambré S, Wenseleers W, Reich S, Zheng M, Fagan JA, Flavel BS. Separation of Specific Single-Enantiomer Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in the Large-Diameter Regime. ACS NANO 2020; 14:948-963. [PMID: 31742998 PMCID: PMC6994058 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The enantiomer-level isolation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in high concentration and with high purity for nanotubes greater than 1.1 nm in diameter is demonstrated using a two-stage aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) technique. In total, five different nanotube species of ∼1.41 nm diameter are isolated, including both metallics and semiconductors. We characterize these populations by absorbance spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence mapping, revealing and substantiating mod-dependent optical dependencies. Using knowledge of the competitive adsorption of surfactants to the SWCNTs that controls partitioning within the ATPE separation, we describe an advanced acid addition methodology that enables the fine control of the separation of these select nanotubes. Furthermore, we show that endohedral filling is a previously unrecognized but important factor to ensure a homogeneous starting material and further enhance the separation yield, with the best results for alkane-filled SWCNTs, followed by empty SWCNTs, with the intrinsic inhomogeneity of water-filled SWCNTs causing them to be worse for separations. Lastly, we demonstrate the potential use of these nanotubes in field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Georgy Gordeev
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Oisin Garrity
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Naga Anirudh Peyyety
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Pranauv Balaji Selvasundaram
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Simone Dehm
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Ralph Krupke
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Sofie Cambré
- Physics
Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Wim Wenseleers
- Physics
Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Fagan
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Flavel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
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47
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Wang Y, Liu D, Zhang H, Wang J, Du R, Li TT, Qian J, Hu Y, Huang S. Methylation-Induced Reversible Metallic-Semiconducting Transition of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays for High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:496-501. [PMID: 31821006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acquirement of aligned semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWNT) arrays is one of the most promising directions to break Moore's Law, thus developing the next-generation electronic devices. Despite that widespread approaches have been developed, it is still a great challenge to facilely prepare s-SWNT arrays with tunable electronic properties. Herein, a different perspective is proposed to produce s-SWNT arrays by implementing reversible methylation reactions on the as-grown aligned SWNT arrays. In this way, the metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (m-SWNTs) are selectively and reversibly methylated to acquire semiconducting properties, to afford tunable electronic properties of the as-obtained SWNT arrays in a highly controllable and simple manner. Electrical measurements suggest a high fraction of s-SWNTs is attained (>97.5%) after methylation, facilitating its exceptional performance as a field-effect transistor (FET) with an on-off ratio of up to 17543. This method may provide a new way for the preparation of s-SWNT arrays with tunable electronic properties and impressive prospects toward the fabrication of high-performance FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325000 , P.R. China
| | - Dayan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325000 , P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325000 , P.R. China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325000 , P.R. China
| | - Ran Du
- Physical Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstrasse 66b , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Chemistry Institute for Synthesis and Green Application, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325000 , P.R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325000 , P.R. China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325000 , P.R. China
- School of Materials and Energy , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
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48
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Corletto A, Shapter JG. Nanoscale Patterning of Carbon Nanotubes: Techniques, Applications, and Future. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2001778. [PMID: 33437571 PMCID: PMC7788638 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) devices and electronics are achieving maturity and directly competing or surpassing devices that use conventional materials. CNTs have demonstrated ballistic conduction, minimal scaling effects, high current capacity, low power requirements, and excellent optical/photonic properties; making them the ideal candidate for a new material to replace conventional materials in next-generation electronic and photonic systems. CNTs also demonstrate high stability and flexibility, allowing them to be used in flexible, printable, and/or biocompatible electronics. However, a major challenge to fully commercialize these devices is the scalable placement of CNTs into desired micro/nanopatterns and architectures to translate the superior properties of CNTs into macroscale devices. Precise and high throughput patterning becomes increasingly difficult at nanoscale resolution, but it is essential to fully realize the benefits of CNTs. The relatively long, high aspect ratio structures of CNTs must be preserved to maintain their functionalities, consequently making them more difficult to pattern than conventional materials like metals and polymers. This review comprehensively explores the recent development of innovative CNT patterning techniques with nanoscale lateral resolution. Each technique is critically analyzed and applications for the nanoscale-resolution approaches are demonstrated. Promising techniques and the challenges ahead for future devices and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Corletto
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Joseph G. Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
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49
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Lyu M, Meany B, Yang J, Li Y, Zheng M. Toward Complete Resolution of DNA/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids by Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20177-20186. [PMID: 31783712 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-dependent interactions between DNA and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are shown to provide resolution for the atomic-structure-based sorting of DNA-wrapped SWCNTs. Previous studies have demonstrated that aqueous two-phase (ATP) systems are very effective for sorting DNA-wrapped SWCNTs (DNA-SWCNTs). However, most separations have been carried out with a polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polyacrylamide (PAM) ATP system, which shows severe interfacial trapping for many DNA-SWCNT dispersions, resulting in significant material loss and limiting multistage extraction. Here, we report a study of several new ATP systems for sorting DNA-SWCNTs. We have developed a convenient method to explore these systems without knowledge of the corresponding phase diagram. We further show that the molecular weight of the polymer strongly affects the partition behavior and separation results for DNA-SWCNTs in PEG/dextran (DX) ATP systems. This leads to the identification of the PEG1.5kDa/DX250kDa ATP system as an effective vehicle for the chirality separation of DNA-SWCNTs. Additionally, this ATP system exhibits greatly reduced interfacial trapping, enabling for the first time continuous multistep sorting of four species of SWCNTs from a single dispersion. Enhanced stability of DNA-SWCNTs in the PEG1.5kDa/DX250kDa ATP system also allows us to investigate pH dependent sorting of SWCNTs wrapped by C-rich sequences. Our observations suggest that hydrogen bonding may form between the DNA bases at lower pH, enabling a more ordered wrapping structure on the SWCNTs and improvement in sorting (11,0). Together, these findings reveal that the new ATP system is suitable for searching DNA sequences leading toward more complete resolution of DNA-SWCNTs. A new concept of "resolving sequences", evolved from the old notion of "recognition sequences", is proposed to describe a broader range of behaviors of DNA/SWCNT interactions and sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Brendan Meany
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
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50
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Upadhya R, Kanagala MJ, Gormley AJ. Purifying Low-Volume Combinatorial Polymer Libraries with Gel Filtration Columns. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900528. [PMID: 31737977 PMCID: PMC7990394 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in oxygen-tolerant controlled/living radical polymer chemistry now enable efficient synthesis of diverse and combinatorial polymer libraries. While library synthesis has been dramatically simplified, equally efficient purification strategies for removal of small-molecule impurities are not yet established in high throughput settings. It is shown that gel filtration columns for chromatography frequently used in the protein science community are well suited for high throughput polymer purification. Using either single-use columns or gel filtration plates, the purification of 32 diverse polymers is demonstrated in a library with >95% removal of small molecule impurities and >85% polymer retention in a single purification step. Doing so replaces the typical procedure of polymer precipitation, which requires solvent optimization for each polymer in a complex library. Overall, this work raises awareness in the polymer science community that gel filtration is amenable to purification of large polymer libraries and can speed up the progress of combinatorial polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mythili J Kanagala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Adam J Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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