1
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Yang F, Zhu K. Advances in Mixed Tin-Lead Narrow-Bandgap Perovskites for Single-Junction and All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2314341. [PMID: 38779891 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic metal-halide perovskites have received great attention for photovoltaic (PV) applications owing to their superior optoelectronic properties and the unprecedented performance development. For single-junction PV devices, although lead (Pb)-based perovskite solar cells have achieved 26.1% efficiency, the mixed tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskites offer more ideal bandgap tuning capability to enable an even higher performance. The Sn-Pb perovskite (with a bandgap tuned to ≈1.2 eV) is also attractive as the bottom subcell for a tandem configuration to further surpass the Shockley-Queisser radiative limit for the single-junction devices. The performance of the all-perovskite tandem solar cells has gained rapid development and achieved a certified efficiency up to 29.1%. In this article, the properties and recent development of state-of-the-art mixed Sn-Pb perovskites and their application in single-junction and all-perovskite tandem solar cells are reviewed. Recent advances in various approaches covering additives, solvents, interfaces, and perovskite growth are highlighted. The authors also provide the perspective and outlook on the challenges and strategies for further development of mixed Sn-Pb perovskites in both efficiency and stability for PV applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiu Yang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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2
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Miah MH, Khandaker MU, Rahman MB, Nur-E-Alam M, Islam MA. Band gap tuning of perovskite solar cells for enhancing the efficiency and stability: issues and prospects. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15876-15906. [PMID: 38756852 PMCID: PMC11097048 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01640h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The intriguing optoelectronic properties, diverse applications, and facile fabrication techniques of perovskite materials have garnered substantial research interest worldwide. Their outstanding performance in solar cell applications and excellent efficiency at the lab scale have already been proven. However, owing to their low stability, the widespread manufacturing of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for commercialization is still far off. Several instability factors of PSCs, including the intrinsic and extrinsic instability of perovskite materials, have already been identified, and a variety of approaches have been adopted to improve the material quality, stability, and efficiency of PSCs. In this review, we have comprehensively presented the significance of band gap tuning in achieving both high-performance and high-stability PSCs in the presence of various degradation factors. By investigating the mechanisms of band gap engineering, we have highlighted its pivotal role in optimizing PSCs for improved efficiency and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Helal Miah
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalganj-8100 Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar Dhaka-1216 Bangladesh
| | - Md Bulu Rahman
- Department of Physics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalganj-8100 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nur-E-Alam
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University 270 Joondalup Drive Joondalup-6027 WA Australia
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Universiti 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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3
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Zhu J, Xu Y, Luo Y, Luo J, He R, Wang C, Wang Y, Wei K, Yi Z, Gao Z, Wang J, You J, Zhang Z, Lai H, Ren S, Liu X, Xiao C, Chen C, Zhang J, Fu F, Zhao D. Custom-tailored hole transport layer using oxalic acid for high-quality tin-lead perovskites and efficient all-perovskite tandems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2063. [PMID: 38640232 PMCID: PMC11029806 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
All-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) have exhibited higher efficiencies than single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but still suffer from the unsatisfactory performance of low-bandgap (LBG) tin-lead (Sn-Pb) subcells. The inherent properties of PEDOT:PSS are crucial to high-performance Sn-Pb perovskite films and devices; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully explored and revealed. Here, we report a facile oxalic acid treatment of PEDOT:PSS (OA-PEDOT:PSS) to precisely regulate its work function and surface morphology. OA-PEDOT:PSS shows a larger work function and an ordered reorientation and fiber-shaped film morphology with efficient hole transport pathways, leading to the formation of more ideal hole-selective contact with Sn-Pb perovskite for suppressing interfacial nonradiative recombination losses. Moreover, OA-PEDOT:PSS induces (100) preferred orientation growth of perovskite for higher-quality Sn-Pb films. Last, the OA-PEDOT:PSS-tailored LBG PSC yields an impressive efficiency of up to 22.56% (certified 21.88%), enabling 27.81% efficient all-perovskite TSC with enhanced operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuliang Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jincheng Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Changlei Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province and Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Kun Wei
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zongjin Yi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiyu Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiayu You
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huagui Lai
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shengqiang Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xirui Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Chuanxiao Xiao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Ningbo New Materials Testing and Evaluation Center Co. Ltd., Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Cong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fan Fu
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dewei Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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4
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Hu S, Thiesbrummel J, Pascual J, Stolterfoht M, Wakamiya A, Snaith HJ. Narrow Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskites for All-Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4079-4123. [PMID: 38527274 PMCID: PMC11009966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
All-perovskite tandem solar cells are attracting considerable interest in photovoltaics research, owing to their potential to surpass the theoretical efficiency limit of single-junction cells, in a cost-effective sustainable manner. Thanks to the bandgap-bowing effect, mixed tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskites possess a close to ideal narrow bandgap for constructing tandem cells, matched with wide-bandgap neat lead-based counterparts. The performance of all-perovskite tandems, however, has yet to reach its efficiency potential. One of the main obstacles that need to be overcome is the─oftentimes─low quality of the mixed Sn-Pb perovskite films, largely caused by the facile oxidation of Sn(II) to Sn(IV), as well as the difficult-to-control film crystallization dynamics. Additional detrimental imperfections are introduced in the perovskite thin film, particularly at its vulnerable surfaces, including the top and bottom interfaces as well as the grain boundaries. Due to these issues, the resultant device performance is distinctly far lower than their theoretically achievable maximum efficiency. Robust modifications and improvements to the surfaces of mixed Sn-Pb perovskite films are therefore critical for the advancement of the field. This Review describes the origins of imperfections in thin films and covers efforts made so far toward reaching a better understanding of mixed Sn-Pb perovskites, in particular with respect to surface modifications that improved the efficiency and stability of the narrow bandgap solar cells. In addition, we also outline the important issues of integrating the narrow bandgap subcells for achieving reliable and efficient all-perovskite double- and multi-junction tandems. Future work should focus on the characterization and visualization of the specific surface defects, as well as tracking their evolution under different external stimuli, guiding in turn the processing for efficient and stable single-junction and tandem solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifeng Hu
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United
Kingdom
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Jarla Thiesbrummel
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United
Kingdom
- Institute
for Physics and Astronomy, University of
Potsdam,14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Polymat, University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastian, Spain
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute
for Physics and Astronomy, University of
Potsdam,14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Electronic
Engineering Department, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR China
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United
Kingdom
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5
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Wan X, Xu C, Wang H, Jiang Z, Li F, Xu G, Dai Z, He X, Song Q. Efficient Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells with a Ultrawide Usage Windows of Precursor Solution Opened by SnF 2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401136. [PMID: 38501858 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
High quality tin-lead perovskite solar cells (Sn─Pb PSCs) can be fabricated via simple solution processing methods. However, the instability of precursor solutions and their narrow usage windows still pose challenges in manufacturing efficient and reproducible Sn─Pb PSCs, hindering the commercialization of PSCs. Fluorine tin (SnF2 ) is widely used as an antioxidant to improve the crystallinity of perovskite. In this study, another role of SnF2 as a stabilizer is found to restrain the deprotonation of methylammonium iodide (MAI) in the precursor solution, which improves their stability and expands their usage windows. Due to the inhibition of SnF2 on oxidation and deprotonation, stable large-sized colloidal clusters form gradually in perovskite precursor solution during aging, leading to uniform nucleation/crystallization during film growth, significantly reducing the roughness and defect density in the films. Because of the competitive deprotonation and oxidation process of Sn2+ , the benefit of larger cluster maximizes after about ten days storage of precursor solution. The champion efficiency of Sn─Pb PSCs prepared with 10 days aged precursor solution is 22.00%. High performance of devices fabricated with precursor solution stored for even ≈40 days discloses the wide usage windows of precursor solution with SnF2 additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wan
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cunyun Xu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zezhuan Jiang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Fuling Li
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Gaobo Xu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Dai
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qunliang Song
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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6
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Yang F, Zhu R, Zhang Z, Su Z, Zuo W, He B, Aldamasy MH, Jia Y, Li G, Gao X, Li Z, Saliba M, Abate A, Li M. High-Stable Lead-Free Solar Cells Achieved by Surface Reconstruction of Quasi-2D Tin-Based Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308655. [PMID: 37884347 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Tin halide perovskites are an appealing alternative to lead perovskites. However, owing to the lower redox potential of Sn(II)/Sn(IV), particularly under the presence of oxygen and water, the accumulation of Sn(IV) at the surface layer will negatively impact the device's performance and stability. To this end, this work has introduced a novel multifunctional molecule, 1,4-phenyldimethylammonium dibromide diamine (phDMADBr), to form a protective layer on the surface of Sn-based perovskite films. Strong interactions between phDMADBr and the perovskite surface improve electron transfer, passivating uncoordinated Sn(II), and fortify against water and oxygen. In situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) analysis confirms the enhanced thermal stability of the quasi-2D phase, and hence the overall enhanced stability of the perovskite. Long-term stability in devices is achieved, retaining over 90% of the original efficiency for more than 200 hours in a 10% RH moisture N2 environment. These findings propose a new approach to enhance the operational stability of Sn-based perovskite devices, offering a strategy in advancing lead-free optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zuhong Zhang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhenhuang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zuo
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bingchen He
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
| | - Mahmoud Hussein Aldamasy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédéralede Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS), Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER, IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation, Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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7
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He D, Chen P, Hao M, Lyu M, Wang Z, Ding S, Lin T, Zhang C, Wu X, Moore E, Steele JA, Namdas EB, Bai Y, Wang L. Accelerated Redox Reactions Enable Stable Tin-Lead Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317446. [PMID: 38030582 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ poses an inherent challenge that limits the efficiency and stability of tin-lead mixed (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and all-perovskite tandem devices. In this work, we discover the sustainable redox reactions enabling self-healing Sn-Pb perovskites, where their intractable oxidation degradation can be recovered to their original state under light soaking. Quantitative and operando spectroscopies are used to investigate the redox chemistry, revealing that metallic Pb0 from the photolysis of perovskite reacts with Sn4+ to regenerate Pb2+ and Sn2+ spontaneously. Given the sluggish redox reaction kinetics, V3+ /V2+ ionic pair is designed as an effective redox shuttle to accelerate the recovery of Sn-Pb perovskites from oxidation. The target Sn-Pb PSCs enabled by V3+ /V2+ ionic pair deliver an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.22 % and excellent device lifespan, retaining nearly 90 % of its initial PCE after maximum power point tracking under light for 1,000 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mengmeng Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Miaoqiang Lyu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shanshan Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tongen Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chengxi Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Evan Moore
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julian A Steele
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ebinazar B Namdas
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yang Bai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Huang J, Xing Y, Shang M, Li J, Guo T, Lin X, Xiong J, Wang Q, Huang L, Liu X, Hu Z, Tai Q, Yu Z, Zhu Y, Han L, Zhang J. Ternary-Metal Sn-Pb-Zn Perovskite to Reconstruct Top Surface for Efficient and Stable Less-Pb Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305736. [PMID: 37661361 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Though Sn-Pb alloyed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved great progress, there is a dilemma to further increase Sn for less-Pb requirement. High Sn ratio (>70%) perovskite exhibits nonstoichiometric Sn:Pb:I at film surface to aggravate Sn2+ oxidation and interface energy mismatch. Here, ternary metal alloyed (FASnI3 )0.7 (MAPb1- x Znx I3 )0.3 (x = 0-3%) is constructed for Pb% < 30% perovskite. Zn with smaller ionic size and stronger ionic interaction than Sn/Pb assists forming high-quality perovskite film with ZnI6 4- enriched at surface to balance Sn:Pb:I ratio. Differing from uniform bulk doping, surface-rich Zn with lower lying orbits pushes down the energy band of perovskite and adjusts the interface energy for efficient charge transfer. The alloyed PSC realizes efficiency of 19.4% at AM1.5 (one of the highest values reported for Pb% < 30% PSCs). Moreover, stronger bonding of Zn─I and Sn─I contributes to better durability of ternary perovskite than binary perovskite. This work highlights a novel alloy method for efficient and stable less-Pb PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Huang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yanjun Xing
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Minghui Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tonghui Guo
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiaxing Xiong
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qiuxiang Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Like Huang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ziyang Hu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qidong Tai
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuejin Zhu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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9
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Ning C, Ji Q, Wu Y, Wang J, Ju MG. Disorder on Mixed Cation Halide Perovskite for Photovoltaic Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8034-8042. [PMID: 37651711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
With reduced toxicity and tunable optoelectronic properties, mixed cation halide perovskites (MCHPs) featuring partially substituted Pb with Sn and Ge have emerged as promising candidates for photovoltaic applications. However, the introduction of the disorder through large-scale preparation and alloying strategies leads to a significant challenge in comprehending the disorder's microscopic-level impact. Here, we found that, in addition to compositional variation, a synergy of disorder and cation radii ratio significantly affects optoelectronic properties. For Pb-Ge/Ge-Sn MCHPs, severe octahedral distortion with increasing degree of disorder adjusted their bandgaps in a wide range, giving rise to large effective masses, exciton binding energies, and weak visible absorption coefficients. The synergy of disorder and distortion transforms the Wannier excitons into localized characteristics, whereas the optoelectronic properties of Pb-Sn MCHPs are modulated by the disorder. Our work highlights the role of disorder in the tunability of optoelectronic properties, providing a novel strategy for designing photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Ning
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yilei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ming-Gang Ju
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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10
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Zhang W, Yuan H, Li X, Guo X, Lu C, Liu A, Yang H, Xu L, Shi X, Fang Z, Yang H, Cheng Y, Fang J. Component Distribution Regulation in Sn-Pb Perovskite Solar Cells through Selective Molecular Interaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303674. [PMID: 37325993 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with near-ideal bandgap still lag behind the pure lead PSCs. Disordered heterojunctions caused by inhomogeneous Sn/Pb ratio in the binary perovskite film induce large recombination loss. Here, an Sn-Pb perovskite film is reported with homogeneous component and energy distribution by introducing hydrazine sulfate (HS) in Sn perovskite precursor. HS can form hydrogen bond network and coordinate with FASnI3 thus no longer bond with Pb2+ , which reduces the crystallization rate of tin perovskite to the level of lead analog. The strong bonding between SO4 2- and Sn2+ can also suppress its oxidation. As a result, the Sn-Pb PSCs with HS exhibit a significantly improved VOC of 0.91 V along with a high efficiency of 23.17%. Meanwhile, the hydrogen bond interaction network, strong bonding between Sn2+ and sulfate ion also improve the thermal, storage, and air stability of resulting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haobo Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xuemin Guo
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chunyan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Acan Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ya Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junfeng Fang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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11
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Shi R, Guo M, Long R. Improved Defect Tolerance and Charge Carrier Lifetime in Tin-Lead Mixed Perovskites: Ab Initio Quantum Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:499-507. [PMID: 36625793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Simulations by nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics demonstrate that mixing tin with lead in CH3NH3PbI3 can passivate the midgap state created by an interstitial iodine (Ii) via the imposed compressive strain and upshifted valence band maximum, reduce NA coupling by decreasing electron-hole wave functions overlap, and shortens pure-dephasing time by introducing high-frequency phonon modes. Thus, the charge carrier lifetime extends to 3.6 ns due to the significantly reduced nonradiative electron-hole recombination, which is an order of magnitude longer than the Ii-containing CH3NH3PbI3, over 2.5 times longer than the pristine CH3NH3PbI3 (1.4 ns), and even 1.7 times longer than the tin-lead mixed perovskite without the Ii defects (2.1 ns). Tin-lead alloying simultaneously increases the Ii defect formation energy to 0.402 eV from 0.179 eV in CH3NH3PbI3, which effectively enhances defect tolerance by reducing the defect concentration. The study reveals the factors controlling the enhanced performance of tin-lead mixed perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Shi
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Meng Guo
- Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Centre in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250013, P. R. China
- Jinan Institute of Supercomputing Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250103, P. R. China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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12
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Chowdhury TH, Reo Y, Yusoff ARBM, Noh Y. Sn-Based Perovskite Halides for Electronic Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203749. [PMID: 36257820 PMCID: PMC9685468 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because of its less toxicity and electronic structure analogous to that of lead, tin halide perovskite (THP) is currently one of the most favorable candidates as an active layer for optoelectronic and electric devices such as solar cells, photodiodes, and field-effect transistors (FETs). Promising photovoltaics and FETs performances have been recently demonstrated because of their desirable electrical and optical properties. Nevertheless, THP's easy oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+ , easy formation of tin vacancy, uncontrollable film morphology and crystallinity, and interface instability severely impede its widespread application. This review paper aims to provide a basic understanding of THP as a semiconductor by highlighting the physical structure, energy band structure, electrical properties, and doping mechanisms. Additionally, the key chemical instability issues of THPs are discussed, which are identified as the potential bottleneck for further device development. Based on the understanding of the THPs properties, the key recent progress of THP-based solar cells and FETs is briefly discussed. To conclude, current challenges and perspective opportunities are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Towhid H. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐GuPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Reo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐GuPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Abd Rashid Bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐GuPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Young Noh
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐GuPohang37673Republic of Korea
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13
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Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have been identified as a game-changer in the world of photovoltaics. This is owing to their rapid development in performance efficiency, increasing from 3.5% to 25.8% in a decade. Further advantages of PSCs include low fabrication costs and high tunability compared to conventional silicon-based solar cells. This paper reviews existing literature to discuss the structural and fundamental features of PSCs that have resulted in significant performance gains. Key electronic and optical properties include high electron mobility (800 cm2/Vs), long diffusion wavelength (>1 μm), and high absorption coefficient (105 cm−1). Synthesis methods of PSCs are considered, with solution-based manufacturing being the most cost-effective and common industrial method. Furthermore, this review identifies the issues impeding PSCs from large-scale commercialisation and the actions needed to resolve them. The main issue is stability as PSCs are particularly vulnerable to moisture, caused by the inherently weak bonds in the perovskite structure. Scalability of manufacturing is also a big issue as the spin-coating technique used for most laboratory-scale tests is not appropriate for large-scale production. This highlights the need for a transition to manufacturing techniques that are compatible with roll-to-roll processing to achieve high throughput. Finally, this review discusses future innovations, with the development of more environmentally friendly lead-free PSCs and high-efficiency multi-junction cells. Overall, this review provides a critical evaluation of the advances, opportunities and challenges of PSCs.
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14
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Jiang S, Bai Y, Ma Z, Jin S, Zou C, Tan Z. Recent Advances of Monolithic
All‐Perovskite
Tandem Solar Cells: From Materials to Devices. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
| | - Yiming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
| | - Zongwen Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Shengli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Utilization & Energy Saving Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Energy Group R&D Institute Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Chao Zou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University, Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China
| | - Zhao'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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15
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Pitaro M, Tekelenburg EK, Shao S, Loi MA. Tin Halide Perovskites: From Fundamental Properties to Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105844. [PMID: 34626031 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have unique optical and electrical properties, which make them an excellent class of materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications. However, it is with photovoltaic devices that this class of materials has reached the apotheosis of popularity. High power conversion efficiencies are achieved with lead-based compounds, which are toxic to the environment. Tin-based perovskites are the most promising alternative because of their bandgap close to the optimal value for photovoltaic applications, the strong optical absorption, and good charge carrier mobilities. Nevertheless, the low defect tolerance, the fast crystallization, and the oxidative instability of tin halide perovskites currently limit their efficiency. The aim of this review is to give a detailed overview of the crystallographic, photophysical, and optoelectronic properties of tin-based perovskite compounds in their multiple forms from 3D to low-dimensional structures. At the end, recent progress in tin-based perovskite solar cells are reviewed, mainly focusing on the detail of the strategies adopted to improve the device performances. For each subtopic, the current challenges and the outlook are discussed, with the aim to stimulate the community to address the most important issues in a concerted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pitaro
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Kinsa Tekelenburg
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Shuyan Shao
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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16
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Ma Q, Liu J, Zhao Y, Qiu Y. A DFT study on the stability and optoelectronic properties of Pb/Sn/Ge-based MA 2B(SCN) 2I 2 perovskites. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03994j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sn substitution and Sn doping reduce the band gap of MA2Pb(SCN)2I2 perovskites and make the absorption spectrum red-shifted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianya Ma
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yongqing Qiu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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17
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Chemical Vapor Deposited Mixed Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133526. [PMID: 34202688 PMCID: PMC8269519 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we used a two-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to synthesize methylammonium lead-tin triiodide perovskite films, MAPb1−xSnxI3, with x varying from 0 to 1. We successfully controlled the concentration of Sn in the perovskite films and used Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) to quantify the composition of the precursor films for conversion into perovskite films. According to the RBS results, increasing the SnCl2 source amount in the reaction chamber translate into an increase in Sn concentration in the films. The crystal structure and the optical properties of perovskite films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectrometry. All the perovskite films depicted similar XRD patterns corresponding to a tetragonal structure with I4cm space group despite the precursor films having different crystal structures. The increasing concentration of Sn in the perovskite films linearly decreased the unit volume from about 988.4 Å3 for MAPbI3 to about 983.3 Å3 for MAPb0.39Sn0.61I3, which consequently influenced the optical properties of the films manifested by the decrease in energy bandgap (Eg) and an increase in the disorder in the band gap. The SEM micrographs depicted improvements in the grain size (0.3–1 µm) and surface coverage of the perovskite films compared with the precursor films.
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18
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Chen Z, Brocks G, Tao S, Bobbert PA. Unified theory for light-induced halide segregation in mixed halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2687. [PMID: 33976203 PMCID: PMC8113520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed halide perovskites that are thermodynamically stable in the dark demix under illumination. This is problematic for their application in solar cells. We present a unified thermodynamic theory for this light-induced halide segregation that is based on a free energy lowering of photocarriers funnelling to a nucleated phase with different halide composition and lower band gap than the parent phase. We apply the theory to a sequence of mixed iodine-bromine perovskites. The spinodals separating metastable and unstable regions in the composition-temperature phase diagrams only slightly change under illumination, while light-induced binodals separating stable and metastable regions appear signalling the nucleation of a low-band gap iodine-rich phase. We find that the threshold photocarrier density for halide segregation is governed by the band gap difference of the parent and iodine-rich phase. Partial replacement of organic cations by cesium reduces this difference and therefore has a stabilizing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Chen
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Materials Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Brocks
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Materials Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands ,grid.6214.10000 0004 0399 8953Computational Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Shuxia Tao
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Materials Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Bobbert
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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19
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Samiul Islam M, Sobayel K, Al-Kahtani A, Islam MA, Muhammad G, Amin N, Shahiduzzaman M, Akhtaruzzaman M. Defect Study and Modelling of SnX3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with SCAPS-1D. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1218. [PMID: 34063020 PMCID: PMC8147994 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent achievements, based on lead (Pb) halide perovskites, have prompted comprehensive research on low-cost photovoltaics, in order to avoid the major challenges that arise in this respect: Stability and toxicity. In this study, device modelling of lead (Pb)-free perovskite solar cells has been carried out considering methyl ammonium tin bromide (CH3NH3SnBr3) as perovskite absorber layer. The perovskite structure has been justified theoretically by Goldschmidt tolerance factor and the octahedral factor. Numerical modelling tools were used to investigate the effects of amphoteric defect and interface defect states on the photovoltaic parameters of CH3NH3SnBr3-based perovskite solar cell. The study identifies the density of defect tolerance in the absorber layer, and that both the interfaces are 1015 cm-3, and 1014 cm-3, respectively. Furthermore, the simulation evaluates the influences of metal work function, uniform donor density in the electron transport layer and the impact of series resistance on the photovoltaic parameters of proposed n-TiO2/i-CH3NH3SnBr3/p-NiO solar cell. Considering all the optimization parameters, CH3NH3SnBr3-based perovskite solar cell exhibits the highest efficiency of 21.66% with the Voc of 0.80 V, Jsc of 31.88 mA/cm2 and Fill Factor of 84.89%. These results divulge the development of environmentally friendly methyl ammonium tin bromide perovskite solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Samiul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southeast University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - K. Sobayel
- Solar Energy Research Institute, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ammar Al-Kahtani
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@The National Energy University), Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - M. A. Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Ghulam Muhammad
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - N. Amin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@The National Energy University), Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Md. Shahiduzzaman
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Md. Akhtaruzzaman
- Solar Energy Research Institute, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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20
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Li A, Liu Q, Chu W, Liang W, Prezhdo OV. Why Hybrid Tin-Based Perovskites Simultaneously Improve the Structural Stability and Charge Carriers' Lifetime: Ab Initio Quantum Dynamics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:16567-16575. [PMID: 33793206 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Much effort has been dedicated to boost the development of lead-free perovskite solar cells. However, their performance and stability are still much less competitive to the lead-bearing counterparts. By exploiting a mixed Sn-Ge cation strategy for the development of lead-free perovskites, we perform ab initio electronic structure calculations and quantum dynamics simulations on MASn0.5Ge0.5I3 and compare them to MASnI3. The calculations demonstrate that the hybrid cation strategy can improve simultaneously the perovskite stability and the lifetime of charge carriers. The stability increases due to a larger space of possible structures within the favorable range of the structural parameters, such as the Goldschmidt tolerance and octahedron factors. By exploring the larger structure space, mixed perovskites find stable configurations with lower free energies and better fitting components that exhibit reduced fluctuations around the equilibrium geometries. Charge carriers live longer in mixed perovskites because cation mixing results in an additional and moderate disorder that separates electrons and holes, reducing their interactions while still maintaining efficient band-like charge transport. These general and fundamental principles established by the analysis of the simulation results are useful for the design of advanced materials for solar energy and construction of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - WeiBin Chu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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21
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Moot T, Werner J, Eperon GE, Zhu K, Berry JJ, McGehee MD, Luther JM. Choose Your Own Adventure: Fabrication of Monolithic All-Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003312. [PMID: 33175442 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have transfixed the photovoltaic (PV) community due to their outstanding and tunable optoelectronic properties coupled to demonstrations of high-power conversion efficiencies (PCE) at a range of bandgaps. This has motivated the field to push perovskites to reach the highest possible performance. One way to increase the efficiency is by fabricating multijunction solar cells, which can split the solar spectrum, reducing thermalization loss. Low-cost all-perovskite tandems have a real chance to soon exceed 30% PCE, which could transform the PV industry. Achieving this goal requires the identification of perovskite sub-cells that are both highly efficient and can be effectively integrated. Herein, it is discussed how to navigate the multiple-choice adventure in choosing between the myriad of options and considerations present when deciding what perovskite materials, contact layers, and processing tools to use. Some of the potential fabrication pitfalls often encountered in MHP based tandem PVs are highlighted, so that they can hopefully be avoided in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Moot
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Jérémie Werner
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Giles E Eperon
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Swift Solar Inc, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Joseph J Berry
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Michael D McGehee
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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Gu S, Lin R, Han Q, Gao Y, Tan H, Zhu J. Tin and Mixed Lead-Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and their Application in Tandem Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907392. [PMID: 32053273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have recently attracted enormous attention for photovoltaic applications due to their superior optical and electrical properties. Lead (Pb) halide perovskites stand out among this material series, with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 25%. According to the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit, lead halide perovskites typically exhibit bandgaps that are not within the optimal range for single-junction solar cells. Partial or complete replacement of lead with tin (Sn) is gaining increasing research interest, due to the promise of further narrowing the bandgaps. This enables ideal solar utilization for single-junction solar cells as well as the construction of all-perovskite tandem solar cells. In addition, the usage of Sn provides a path to the fabrication of lead-free or Pb-reduced perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Recent progress in addressing the challenges of fabricating efficient Sn halide and mixed lead-tin (Pb-Sn) halide PSCs is summarized herein. Mixed Pb-Sn halide perovskites hold promise not only for higher efficiency and more stable single-junction solar cells but also for efficient all-perovskite monolithic tandem solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Renxing Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qiaolei Han
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hairen Tan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing, 210093, China
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23
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Zhu T, Yang Y, Gong X. Recent Advancements and Challenges for Low-Toxicity Perovskite Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26776-26811. [PMID: 32432455 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead-based organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have been developed for advanced optoelectronic applications. However, the toxicity of lead and the chemical instability of lead-based perovskite materials have so far been demonstrated to be an overwhelming challenge. The discovery of perovskite materials based on low-toxicity elements, such as Sn, Bi, Sb, Ge, and Cu, with superior optoelectronic properties provides alternative approaches to realize high-performance perovskite optoelectronics. In this review, recent advances in the aspects of low-toxicity perovskite solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and thermoelectric devices are highlighted. The antioxidation stability of metal cation and the crystallization process of the low-toxicity perovskite materials are discussed. In the last part, the outlook toward addressing various issues requiring further attention in the development of low-toxicity perovskite materials is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- Department of Polymer Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yongrui Yang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xiong Gong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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24
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Zhou X, Zhang L, Wang X, Liu C, Chen S, Zhang M, Li X, Yi W, Xu B. Highly Efficient and Stable GABr-Modified Ideal-Bandgap (1.35 eV) Sn/Pb Perovskite Solar Cells Achieve 20.63% Efficiency with a Record Small V oc Deficit of 0.33 V. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908107. [PMID: 32100401 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1.5-1.6 eV bandgap Pb-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with 30-31% theoretical efficiency limit by the Shockley-Queisser model achieve 21-24% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, the best PCEs of reported ideal-bandgap (1.3-1.4 eV) Sn-Pb PSCs with a higher 33% theoretical efficiency limit are <18%, mainly because of their large open-circuit voltage (Voc ) deficits (>0.4 V). Herein, it is found that the addition of guanidinium bromide (GABr) can significantly improve the structural and photoelectric characteristics of ideal-bandgap (≈1.34 eV) Sn-Pb perovskite films. GABr introduced in the perovskite films can efficiently reduce the high defect density caused by Sn2+ oxidation in the perovskite, which is favorable for facilitating hole transport, decreasing charge-carrier recombination, and reducing the Voc deficit. Therefore, the best PCE of 20.63% with a certificated efficiency of 19.8% is achieved in 1.35 eV PSCs, along with a record small Voc deficit of 0.33 V, which is the highest PCE among all values reported to date for ideal-bandgap Sn-Pb PSCs. Moreover, the GABr-modified PSCs exhibit significantly improved environmental and thermal stability. This work represents a noteworthy step toward the fabrication of efficient and stable ideal-bandgap PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luozheng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingzhu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meiqing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wendi Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Baomin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
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25
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Sa R, Liu D, Chen Y, Ying S. Mixed-Cation Mixed-Metal Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications: A Theoretical Study. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4347-4351. [PMID: 32149265 PMCID: PMC7057686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells based on multiple cations have shown excellent optoelectronic properties with high power conversion efficiency. Herein, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of mixed-cation mixed-metal perovskites MA1-x Cs x Pb0.25Sn0.75I3 were studied by employing the first-principles calculations for the first time. Our calculated results reveal that these perovskite materials possess direct band gaps in the range of 1.0-1.3 eV. Moreover, these compounds show excellent photovoltaic performance in terms of strong optical absorption coefficients compared with MAPbI3. Particularly, they also exhibit good structural stability and decrement of lead content. These results demonstrated that mixed-cation mixed-metal perovskites may be potential candidates for high-efficiency light-absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjian Sa
- Institute
of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Diwen Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Chen
- Fujian
Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials
and Chemical Engineering, Ocean College, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Shaoming Ying
- Fujian
Province University Key Laboratory of Green Energy and Environment
Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, P. R. China
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26
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Reinhardt E, Salaheldin AM, Distaso M, Segets D, Peukert W. Rapid Characterization and Parameter Space Exploration of Perovskites Using an Automated Routine. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:6-17. [PMID: 31794186 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid, e.g., organic inorganic, perovskites from the type methylammonium lead iodide CH3NH3PbI3 are promising solar cell materials. However, due to the large parameter space spanned by the manifold combinations of divalent metals with organic cations and anions, an efficient approach is needed to rapidly test and categorize new promising materials. Herein, we developed a high throughput approach for the automated synthesis of perovskite layers with different precursor ratios at varying annealing temperatures. The layers were analyzed by optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and evaluated using two different procedures. The first one is a stepwise exclusion of nonperforming reactant ratios and synthesis conditions by using both spectroscopic techniques, followed by a final validation of the procedure by XRD. In the second procedure, only PL results were consulted in combination with high throughput screening using design of experiments (DoE) to reduce the total number of experiments needed and compared to the manual cascade approach. Noteworthy, by simple PL screening, it was possible to identify the best ratio of perovskite to byproducts and annealing temperature. Thus, only with PL, more detailed results as with the manual protocol were reached, while at the same time the effort for characterization was significantly reduced (by 60% of the experimental time). In conclusion, our approach opens a way toward fast and efficient identification of new promising materials under different reaction and process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Reinhardt
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ahmed M. Salaheldin
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monica Distaso
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Doris Segets
- Process Technology for Electrochemical Functional Materials, Institute for Combustion and Gas Dynamics − Reactive Fluids (IVG-RF), and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Lu CH, Biesold-McGee GV, Liu Y, Kang Z, Lin Z. Doping and ion substitution in colloidal metal halide perovskite nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4953-5007. [PMID: 32538382 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00790c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed tremendous advances in synthesis of metal halide perovskites and their use for a rich variety of optoelectronics applications. Metal halide perovskite has the general formula ABX3, where A is a monovalent cation (which can be either organic (e.g., CH3NH3+ (MA), CH(NH2)2+ (FA)) or inorganic (e.g., Cs+)), B is a divalent metal cation (usually Pb2+), and X is a halogen anion (Cl-, Br-, I-). Particularly, the photoluminescence (PL) properties of metal halide perovskites have garnered much attention due to the recent rapid development of perovskite nanocrystals. The introduction of capping ligands enables the synthesis of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals which offer new insight into dimension-dependent physical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. It is notable that doping and ion substitution represent effective strategies for tailoring the optoelectronic properties (e.g., absorption band gap, PL emission, and quantum yield (QY)) and stabilities of perovskite nanocrystals. The doping and ion substitution processes can be performed during or after the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals by incorporating new A', B', or X' site ions into the A, B, or X sites of ABX3 perovskites. Interestingly, both isovalent and heterovalent doping and ion substitution can be conducted on colloidal perovskite nanocrystals. In this review, the general background of perovskite nanocrystals synthesis is first introduced. The effects of A-site, B-site, and X-site ionic doping and substitution on the optoelectronic properties and stabilities of colloidal metal halide perovskite nanocrystals are then detailed. Finally, possible applications and future research directions of doped and ion-substituted colloidal perovskite nanocrystals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsin Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Gill V Biesold-McGee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Yijiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Zhitao Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. and Georgia Tech Research Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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28
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Chen J, Park NG. Causes and Solutions of Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803019. [PMID: 30230045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials are receiving increasing attention and becoming star materials on account of their unique and intriguing optical and electrical properties, such as high molar extinction coefficient, wide absorption spectrum, low excitonic binding energy, ambipolar carrier transport property, long carrier diffusion length, and high defects tolerance. Although a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 22.7% is certified for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), it is still far from the theoretical Shockley-Queisser limit efficiency (30.5%). Obviously, trap-assisted nonradiative (also called Shockley-Read-Hall, SRH) recombination in perovskite films and interface recombination should be mainly responsible for the above efficiency distance. Here, recent research advancements in suppressing bulk SRH recombination and interface recombination are systematically investigated. For reducing SRH recombination in the films, engineering perovskite composition, additives, dimensionality, grain orientation, nonstoichiometric approach, precursor solution, and post-treatment are explored. The focus herein is on the recombination at perovskite/electron-transporting material and perovskite/hole-transporting material interfaces in normal or inverted PSCs. Strategies for suppressing bulk and interface recombination are described. Additionally, the effect of trap-assisted nonradiative recombination on hysteresis and stability of PSCs is discussed. Finally, possible solutions and reasonable prospects for suppressing recombination losses are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhao Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Univeristy (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Univeristy (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Korea
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29
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A Review on Improving the Quality of Perovskite Films in Perovskite Solar Cells via the Weak Forces Induced by Additives. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) employing organic-inorganic halide perovskite as active layers have attracted the interesting of many scientists since 2009. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) have pushed certified 25.2% in 2019 from initial 3.81% in 2009, which is much faster than that of any type of solar cell. In the process of optimization, many innovative approaches to improve the morphology of perovskite films were developed, aiming at elevate the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as well as long-term stability. In the context of PSCs research, the perovskite precursor solutions modified with different additives have been extensively studied, with remarkable progress in improving the whole performance. In this comprehensive review, we focus on the forces induced by additives between the cations and anions of perovskite precursor, such as hydrogen bonds, coordination or some by-product (e.g., mesophase), which will lead to form intermediate adduct phases and then can be converted into high quality films. A compact uniform perovskite films can not only upgrade the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices but also improve the stability of PSCs under ambient conditions. Therefore, strategies for the implementation of additives engineering in perovskites precursor solution will be critical for the future development of PSCs. How to manipulate the weak forces in the fabrication of perovskite film could help to further develop high-efficiency solar cells with long-term stability and enable the potential of future practical applications.
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30
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Wang Y, Chang S, Chen X, Ren Y, Shi L, Liu Y, Zhong H. Rapid Growth of Halide Perovskite Single Crystals: From Methods to Optimization Control. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ling Wang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Daqing Normal University Xibin Xi Road, Ranghulu District, Daqing Heilongjiang 163712 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiao‐Mei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yan‐Dong Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Daqing Normal University Xibin Xi Road, Ranghulu District, Daqing Heilongjiang 163712 China
| | - Li‐Fu Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yong‐Hao Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Daqing Normal University Xibin Xi Road, Ranghulu District, Daqing Heilongjiang 163712 China
| | - Hai‐Zheng Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
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31
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Jena AK, Kulkarni A, Miyasaka T. Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics: Background, Status, and Future Prospects. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3036-3103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1368] [Impact Index Per Article: 273.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Qiao HW, Yang S, Wang Y, Chen X, Wen TY, Tang LJ, Cheng Q, Hou Y, Zhao H, Yang HG. A Gradient Heterostructure Based on Tolerance Factor in High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with 0.84 Fill Factor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804217. [PMID: 30488499 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A gradient heterosturcture is one of the basic methods to control the charge flow in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, a classical route for gradient heterosturctures is based on the diffusion technique, in which the guest ions gradually diffuse into the films from a concentrated source of dopants. The gradient heterosturcture is only accessible to the top side, and may be time consuming and costly. Here, the "intolerant" n-type heteroatoms (Sb3+ , In3+ ) with mismatched cation sizes and charge states can spontaneously enrich two sides of perovskite thin films. The dopants at specific sides can be extracted by a typical hole-transport layer. Theoretical calculations and experimental observations both indicate that the optimized charge management can be attributed to the tailored band structure and interfacial electronic hybridization, which promote charge separation and collection. The strategy enables the fabrication of PSCs with a spontaneous graded heterojunction showing high efficiency. A champion device based on Sb3+ doped film shows a stabilized power-conversion efficiency of 21.04% with a high fill factor of 0.84 and small hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Tian Yu Wen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Li Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qilin Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Hua Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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33
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Ju D, Zheng X, Liu J, Chen Y, Zhang J, Cao B, Xiao H, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Tao X. Reversible Band Gap Narrowing of Sn-Based Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystal with Excellent Phase Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianxing Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Materials Research Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion; School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 Shandong China
| | - Yan Chen
- International Center for Applied Mechanics; State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; School of Aerospace; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Bingqiang Cao
- Materials Research Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion; School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 Shandong China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Yonghong Zhang Family Center for Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment; Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering; Columbia University; New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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34
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Ju D, Zheng X, Liu J, Chen Y, Zhang J, Cao B, Xiao H, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Tao X. Reversible Band Gap Narrowing of Sn-Based Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystal with Excellent Phase Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14868-14872. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianxing Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Materials Research Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion; School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 Shandong China
| | - Yan Chen
- International Center for Applied Mechanics; State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; School of Aerospace; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Bingqiang Cao
- Materials Research Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion; School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 Shandong China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Yonghong Zhang Family Center for Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment; Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering; Columbia University; New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering; KAUST Catalysis Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; No. 27, Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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Shao S, Cui Y, Duim H, Qiu X, Dong J, Ten Brink GH, Portale G, Chiechi RC, Zhang S, Hou J, Loi MA. Enhancing the Performance of the Half Tin and Half Lead Perovskite Solar Cells by Suppression of the Bulk and Interfacial Charge Recombination. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803703. [PMID: 29991093 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article it is investigated how the hole extraction layer (HEL) influence the charge recombination and performance in half tin and half lead (FASn0.5 Pb0.5 I3 ) based solar cells (HPSCs). FASn0.5 Pb0.5 I3 film grown on PEDOT:PSS displays a large number of pin-holes and open grain boundaries, resulting in a high defect density and shunts in the perovskite film causing significant bulk and interfacial charge recombination in the HPSCs. By contrast, FASn0.5 Pb0.5 I3 films grown on PCP-Na, an anionic conjugated polymer, show compact and pin-hole free morphology over a large area, which effectively eliminates the shunts and trap states. Moreover, PCP-Na is characterized by a higher work function, which determines a favorable energy alignment at the anode interface, enhancing the charge extraction. Consequently, both the interfacial and bulk charge recombination in devices using PCP-Na HEL are considerably reduced giving rise to an overall improvement of all the device parameters. The HPSCs fabricated with this HEL display power conversion efficiency up to 16.27%, which is 40% higher than the efficiency of the control devices using PEDOT:PSS HEL (11.60%). Furthermore, PCP-Na as HEL offers superior performance in larger area devices compared to PEDOT:PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Shao
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Herman Duim
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingjin Dong
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Material, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert H Ten Brink
- Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Material, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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36
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Li F, Xu M, Ma X, Shen L, Zhu L, Weng Y, Yue G, Tan F, Chen C. UV Treatment of Low-Temperature Processed SnO 2 Electron Transport Layers for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:216. [PMID: 30030648 PMCID: PMC6054596 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a new method as UV treatment of low-temperature processed to obtain tin oxide (SnO2) electron transport layers (ETLs). The results show that the high quality of ETLs can be produced by controlling the thickness of the film while it is treated by UV. The thickness is dependent on the concentration of SnO2. Moreover, the conductivity and transmittance of the layer are dependent on the quality of the film. A planar perovskite solar cell is prepared based on this UV-treated film. The temperatures involved in the preparation process are less than 90 °C. An optimal power conversion efficiency of 14.36% is obtained at the concentration of SnO2 of 20%. This method of UV treatment SnO2 film at low temperature is suitable for the low-cost commercialized application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingping Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangxin Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Weng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gentian Yue
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Furui Tan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 1 Jinming Road, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
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37
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Zhang Q, Hao F, Li J, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Lin H. Perovskite solar cells: must lead be replaced - and can it be done? SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2018; 19:425-442. [PMID: 29868147 PMCID: PMC5974705 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2018.1460176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have recently drawn significant attention for photovoltaic applications with a certified power conversion efficiency of more than 22%. Unfortunately, the toxicity of the dissolvable lead content in these materials presents a critical concern for future commercial development. This review outlines some criteria for the possible replacement of lead by less toxic elements, and highlights current research progress in the application of low-lead halide perovskites as optically active materials in solar cells. These criteria are discussed with the aim of developing a better understanding of the physio-chemical properties of perovskites and of realizing similar photovoltaic performance in perovskite materials either with or without lead. Some open questions and future development prospects are outlined for further advancing perovskite solar cells toward both low toxicity and high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Hao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Materials and Chemical Engineering Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yangying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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38
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Li M, Wang ZK, Zhuo MP, Hu Y, Hu KH, Ye QQ, Jain SM, Yang YG, Gao XY, Liao LS. Pb-Sn-Cu Ternary Organometallic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800258. [PMID: 29603445 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with reduced Pb content is very important for developing environment-friendly photovoltaics. Utilizing of Pb-Sn alloying perovskite is considered as an efficient route to reduce the risk of ecosystem pollution. However, the trade-off between device performance and Sn substitution ratio due to the instability of Sn2+ is a current dilemma. Here, for the first time, the highly efficient Pb-Sn-Cu ternary PSCs are reported by partial replacing of PbI2 with SnI2 and CuBr2 . Sn2+ substitution results in a redshift of the absorption onset, whereas worsens the film quality. Interestingly, Cu2+ introduction can passivate the trap sites at the crystal boundaries of Pb-Sn perovskites effectively. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency as high as 21.08% in inverted planar Pb-Sn-Cu ternary PSCs is approached. The finding opens a new route toward the fabrication of high efficiency Pb-Sn alloying perovskite solar cells by Cu2+ passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ming-Peng Zhuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ke-Hao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing-Qing Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sagar M Jain
- SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, SA1 8EN, Swansea, UK
| | - Ying-Guo Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Xing-Yu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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39
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Qian L, Sun Y, Wu M, Li C, Xie D, Ding L, Shi G. A lead-free two-dimensional perovskite for a high-performance flexible photoconductor and a light-stimulated synaptic device. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:6837-6843. [PMID: 29616272 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00914g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Organo-lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for high-performance photodetectors. However, the toxicity of lead cations in these materials limits their further applications. Here, a flexible photoconductor is developed based on lead-free two-dimensional (2D) perovskite (PEA)2SnI4via a one-step solution processing method. The flexible transparent electrodes are patterned from rGO/(PEDOT:PSS) hybrid films. The stability and reproducibility of the devices are significantly improved on adding 30 mol% SnF2 to the perovskite. The flexible photoconductors show a photoresponsivity of 16 A W-1 and a detectivity of 1.92 × 1011 Jones under 470 nm illumination, which are higher than those of most of the similar devices. Besides, the devices possess much better mechanical flexibility and durability than the flexible devices with an Au electrode. Finally, this flexible photoconductor is applied as a light-stimulated synaptic device and can mimic the short-term plasticity of biological synapses. This is the first study to report that lead-free 2D perovskite can be used in flexible photoconductors and synaptic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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40
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Tavakoli MM, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M, Fan Z. Large-Grain Tin-Rich Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells via Metal Alloying Technique. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705998. [PMID: 29363858 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fast research progress on lead halide perovskite solar cells has been achieved in the past a few years. However, the presence of lead (Pb) in perovskite composition as a toxic element still remains a major issue for large-scale deployment. In this work, a novel and facile technique is presented to fabricate tin (Sn)-rich perovskite film using metal precursors and an alloying technique. Herein, the perovskite films are formed as a result of the reaction between Sn/Pb binary alloy metal precursors and methylammonium iodide (MAI) vapor in a chemical vapor deposition process carried out at 185 °C. It is found that in this approach the Pb/Sn precursors are first converted to (Pb/Sn)I2 and further reaction with MAI vapor leads to the formation of perovskite films. By using Pb-Sn eutectic alloy, perovskite films with large grain sizes up to 5 µm can be grown directly from liquid phase metal. Consequently, using an alloying technique and this unique growth mechanism, a less-toxic and efficient perovskite solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.04% is demonstrated, while pure Sn and Pb perovskite solar cells prepared in this manner yield PCEs of 4.62% and 14.21%, respectively. It is found that this alloying technique can open up a new direction to further explore different alloy systems (binary or ternary alloys) with even lower melting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-BCH, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-BCH, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-BCH, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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41
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Wu C, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Luo W, Guo X, Huang Z, Ting H, Sun W, Zhong X, Wei S, Wang S, Chen Z, Xiao L. The Dawn of Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cell: Highly Stable Double Perovskite Cs 2AgBiBr 6 Film. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700759. [PMID: 29593974 PMCID: PMC5867041 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, lead-free double perovskites have emerged as a promising environmentally friendly photovoltaic material for their intrinsic thermodynamic stability, appropriate bandgaps, small carrier effective masses, and low exciton binding energies. However, currently no solar cell based on these double perovskites has been reported, due to the challenge in film processing. Herein, a first lead-free double perovskite planar heterojunction solar cell with a high quality Cs2AgBiBr6 film, fabricated by low-pressure assisted solution processing under ambient conditions, is reported. The device presents a best power conversion efficiency of 1.44%. The preliminary efficiency and the high stability under ambient condition without encapsulation, together with the high film quality with simple processing, demonstrate promise for lead-free perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuncun Wu
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Qiaohui Zhang
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Ziru Huang
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Hungkit Ting
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Weihai Sun
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Zhong
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Shiyuan Wei
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesChongqing University of Arts and SciencesYongchuan Chongqing402160P. R. China
- New Display Device and System Integration Collaborative Innovation Center of the West Coast of the Taiwan StraitFuzhou350002P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesChongqing University of Arts and SciencesYongchuan Chongqing402160P. R. China
- New Display Device and System Integration Collaborative Innovation Center of the West Coast of the Taiwan StraitFuzhou350002P. R. China
| | - Lixin Xiao
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesChongqing University of Arts and SciencesYongchuan Chongqing402160P. R. China
- New Display Device and System Integration Collaborative Innovation Center of the West Coast of the Taiwan StraitFuzhou350002P. R. China
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42
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Liang L, Gao P. Lead-Free Hybrid Perovskite Absorbers for Viable Application: Can We Eat the Cake and Have It too? ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700331. [PMID: 29610719 PMCID: PMC5827473 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Many years since the booming of research on perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the hybrid perovskite materials developed for photovoltaic application form three main categories since 2009: (i) high-performance unstable lead-containing perovskites, (ii) low-performance lead-free perovskites, and (iii) moderate performance and stable lead-containing perovskites. The search for alternative materials to replace lead leads to the second group of perovskite materials. To date, a number of these compounds have been synthesized and applied in photovoltaic devices. Here, lead-free hybrid light absorbers used in PV devices are focused and their recent developments in related solar cell applications are reviewed comprehensively. In the first part, group 14 metals (Sn and Ge)-based perovskites are introduced with more emphasis on the optimization of Sn-based PSCs. Then concerns on halide hybrids of group 15 metals (Bi and Sb) are raised, which are mainly perovskite derivatives. At the same time, transition metal Cu-based perovskites are also referred. In the end, an outlook is given on the design strategy of lead-free halide hybrid absorbers for photovoltaic applications. It is believed that this timely review can represent our unique view of the field and shed some light on the direction of development of such promising materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructuresand Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional MaterialsXiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen361021China
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructuresand Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional MaterialsXiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen361021China
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43
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Zhu Z, Chueh CC, Li N, Mao C, Jen AKY. Realizing Efficient Lead-Free Formamidinium Tin Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells via a Sequential Deposition Route. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1703800. [PMID: 29250846 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the evolved intermediate phase based on iodoplumbate anions that mediates perovskite crystallization has been embodied as the Lewis acid-base adduct formed by metal halides (serve as Lewis acid) and polar aprotic solvents (serve as Lewis base). Based on this principle, it is proposed to constitute efficient Lewis acid-base adduct in the SnI2 deposition step to modulate its volume expansion and fast reaction with methylammonium iodide (MAI)/formamidinium iodide (FAI) (FAI is studied hereafter). Herein, trimethylamine (TMA) is employed as the additional Lewis base in the tin halide solution to form SnY2 -TMA complexes (Y = I- , F- ) in the first-step deposition, followed by intercalating with FAI to convert into FASnI. It is shown that TMA can facilitate homogeneous film formation of a SnI2 (+SnF2 ) layer by effectively forming intermediate SnY2 -TMA complexes. Meanwhile, its relatively larger size and weaker affinity with SnI2 than FA+ ions will facilitate the intramolecular exchange with FA+ ions, thereby enabling the formation of dense and compact FASnI3 film with large crystalline domain (>1 µm). As a result, high power conversion efficiencies of 4.34% and 7.09% with decent stability are successfully accomplished in both conventional and inverted perovskite solar cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chengyi Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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44
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Yao X, Qi J, Xu W, Jiang X, Gong X, Cao Y. Cesium-Doped Vanadium Oxide as the Hole Extraction Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1117-1125. [PMID: 31457954 PMCID: PMC6641240 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the utilization of low-temperature solution-processed Cs-doped VOX thin films as the hole extraction layers (HELs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It is found that the VOX:yCs (where y is the mole ratio of Cs versus V and y = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) thin films possess better electrical conductivities than that of the pristine VOX thin film. As a result, the PSCs incorporated with the VOX:yCs HEL exhibit large fill factors and high short-circuit currents, with consequently high power conversion efficiencies, which is more than 30% enhancement as compared with pristine VOX HEL. Our studies provide a facial way to enhance the electrical conductivity of the hole extraction layer for boosting device performance of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yao
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory
of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jun Qi
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory
of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhan Xu
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory
of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory
of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Gong
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory
of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory
of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Gao F, Li C, Qin L, Zhu L, Huang X, Liu H, Liang L, Hou Y, Lou Z, Hu Y, Teng F. Enhanced performance of tin halide perovskite solar cell by addition of lead thiocyanate. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14025-14030. [PMID: 35539305 PMCID: PMC9079876 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00809d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskites have attracted great attention as a new type of photovoltaic materials. However, lead (Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) would cause environmental pollution in future large-scale applications. Therefore, it is imperative to find environmentally-friendly metals to replace lead. Although tin (Sn) halide perovskites can be regarded as a valid alternative to lead perovskites, their poor stability and lower conversion efficiency hinder the substitution of Sn for Pb. In this work, highly uniform and pinhole-free perovskite films were prepared by the introduction of a small amount of lead thiocyanate in precursor solutions. The CH3NH3SnI3 (MASnI3) films with Pb additive show an absorption edge of 950 nm. Besides, lead ions can depress the LUMO energy level of Sn-based perovskite materials, which is a benefit to an increase in the opencircuit voltages of PSCs. Consequently, the enhanced performance was achieved in the PSCs based on MASnI3 with a fill factor of 66%, open circuit voltage of 0.54 V and maximum power conversion efficiency of 6.03%. The MASnI3-based PSCs with an efficiency of 6.02% was fabricated by incorporating 20 mol% of Pb(SCN)2.![]()
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Vidyasagar CC, Muñoz Flores BM, Jiménez Pérez VM. Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Hybrid Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:68. [PMID: 30393716 PMCID: PMC6199116 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-018-0221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The progress made by the scientific community in emerging photovoltaic technologies over the past two decades has been outstanding. Numerous methods have been developed for the preparation of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. The power conversion efficiency has been up to 14% by a one-step vacuum deposition technique. A serious concern is the toxicity of the materials. In this review, several methods aimed at resolving these problems to some extent have been compiled, including eco-friendly synthesis. Further efficiency enhancements are expected following optimization, and a better fundamental understanding of the internal electron charge transfer, electron-hole diffusion to the corresponding layers, flexibility, and stability-dependent bandgaps is reported. This paper explores the green synthesis of organic-inorganic perovskites for industrialization. Concerning the above facts, a simple low-cost model called "dispersed photovoltaic cells" is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Vidyasagar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad s/n, C.P., 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico.
- School of Basic Sciences and Research in Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, PB NH-4, Bhutaramanahatti, Belagavi, Karnataka, 591156, India.
| | - Blanca M Muñoz Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad s/n, C.P., 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Jiménez Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad s/n, C.P., 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Yang Z, Rajagopal A, Jen AKY. Ideal Bandgap Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1704418. [PMID: 29134752 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Extremely high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of ≈20-22% are realized through intensive research and development of 1.5-1.6 eV bandgap perovskite absorbers. However, development of ideal bandgap (1.3-1.4 eV) absorbers is pivotal to further improve PCE of single junction perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) because of a better balance between absorption loss of sub-bandgap photons and thermalization loss of above-bandgap photons as demonstrated by the Shockley-Queisser detailed balanced calculation. Ideal bandgap PVSCs are currently hindered by the poor optoelectronic quality of perovskite absorbers and their PCEs have stagnated at <15%. In this work, through systematic photoluminescence and photovoltaic analysis, a new ideal bandgap (1.35 eV) absorber composition (MAPb0.5 Sn0.5 (I0.8 Br0.2 )3 ) is rationally designed and developed, which possesses lower nonradiative recombination states, band edge disorder, and Urbach energy coupled with a higher absorption coefficient, which yields a reduced Voc,loss (0.45 V) and improved PCE (as high as 17.63%) for the derived PVSCs. This work provides a promising platform for unleashing the complete potential of ideal bandgap PVSCs and prospects for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Adharsh Rajagopal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Synthesis of Hybrid Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with Less Hazardous Solvents: Methanol and 1,4-Dioxane. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201700297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Liu C, Zhang X, Chu Y, Liang L, Li S, Hao Q, Liu H. Component-controllable Synthesis of Stable Planar-structure Perovskite CH3NH3Pb(I1−xBrx)3 Thin Films. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caichi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Yixia Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Limin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Shiyun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyan Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
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50
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Improved efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics based on Ca-doped methylammonium lead halide. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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