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Tian PJ, Han XH, Qi QY, Zhao X. An Azulene-Based Crystalline Porous Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Photothermal Conversion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307635. [PMID: 38105336 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The designed synthesis of a crystalline azulene-based covalent organic framework (COF-Azu-TP) is presented and its photothermal property is investigated. Azulene, a distinctive 5-7 fused ring non-benzenoid aromatic compound with a large intramolecular dipole moment and unique photophysical characteristics, is introduced as the key feature in COF-Azu-TP. The incorporation of azulene moiety imparts COF-Azu-TP with broad-spectrum light absorption capability and interlayer dipole interactions, which makes COF-Azu-TP a highly efficient photothermal conversion material. Its polyurethane (PU) composite exhibits a solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency (97.2%) and displays a water evaporation rate (1.43 kg m-2 h-1) under one sun irradiation, even at a very low dosage of COF-Azu-TP (2.2 wt%). Furthermore, COF-Azu-TP is utilized as a filler in a polylactic acid (PLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) composited shape memory material, enabling rapid shape recovery under laser stimulation. A comparison study with a naphthalene-based COF isomer further emphasizes the crucial role of azulene in enhancing photothermal conversion efficiency. This study demonstrates the significance of incorporating specific building blocks into COFs for the development of functional porous materials with enhanced properties, paving the way for future applications in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ju Tian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Hao Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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2
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Zheng Z, Tang W, Li Y, Ai Y, Tu Z, Yang J, Fan C. Advancing cardiac regeneration through 3D bioprinting: methods, applications, and future directions. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:599-613. [PMID: 37943420 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a paramount global mortality concern, and their prevalence is on a relentless ascent. Despite the effectiveness of contemporary medical interventions in mitigating CVD-related fatality rates and complications, their efficacy remains curtailed by an array of limitations. These include the suboptimal efficiency of direct cell injection and an inherent disequilibrium between the demand and availability of heart transplantations. Consequently, the imperative to formulate innovative strategies for cardiac regeneration therapy becomes unmistakable. Within this context, 3D bioprinting technology emerges as a vanguard contender, occupying a pivotal niche in the realm of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This state-of-the-art methodology holds the potential to fabricate intricate heart tissues endowed with multifaceted structures and functionalities, thereby engendering substantial promise. By harnessing the prowess of 3D bioprinting, it becomes plausible to synthesize functional cardiac architectures seamlessly enmeshed with the host tissue, affording a viable avenue for the restitution of infarcted domains and, by extension, mitigating the onerous yoke of CVDs. In this review, we encapsulate the myriad applications of 3D bioprinting technology in the domain of heart tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we usher in the latest advancements in printing methodologies and bioinks, culminating in an exploration of the extant challenges and the vista of possibilities inherent to a diverse array of approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Weijie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yinze Ai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhi Tu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China.
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3
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Yarali E, Mirzaali MJ, Ghalayaniesfahani A, Accardo A, Diaz-Payno PJ, Zadpoor AA. 4D Printing for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402301. [PMID: 38580291 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
4D (bio-)printing endows 3D printed (bio-)materials with multiple functionalities and dynamic properties. 4D printed materials have been recently used in biomedical engineering for the design and fabrication of biomedical devices, such as stents, occluders, microneedles, smart 3D-cell engineered microenvironments, drug delivery systems, wound closures, and implantable medical devices. However, the success of 4D printing relies on the rational design of 4D printed objects, the selection of smart materials, and the availability of appropriate types of external (multi-)stimuli. Here, this work first highlights the different types of smart materials, external stimuli, and design strategies used in 4D (bio-)printing. Then, it presents a critical review of the biomedical applications of 4D printing and discusses the future directions of biomedical research in this exciting area, including in vivo tissue regeneration studies, the implementation of multiple materials with reversible shape memory behaviors, the creation of fast shape-transformation responses, the ability to operate at the microscale, untethered activation and control, and the application of (machine learning-based) modeling approaches to predict the structure-property and design-shape transformation relationships of 4D (bio)printed constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Yarali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad J Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Ava Ghalayaniesfahani
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro J Diaz-Payno
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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4
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Liang Z, Jin B, Zhao H, He Z, Jiang Z, Jiang S. Rotini-like MXene@LCE Actuator with Diverse and Programmable Actuation Based on Dual-mode Synergy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305371. [PMID: 38018306 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) exhibits muscle-like actuation upon order-disturbed stimulus, offering ample room for designing soft robotic systems. Multimodal LCE is demonstrated to unleash the potential to perform multitasks. However, each actuation mode is typically isolated. In contrast, coordination between different actuation modes based on an MXene-doped LCE is realized, whose actuation can be triggered either by directly heating/cooling or using near-infrared light due to the photo-thermal effect of MXene. As such, the two activation modes (heat and light) not only can work individually to offer stable actuation under different conditions but also can collaborate synergistically to generate more intelligent motions, such as achieving the brake and turn of an autonomous rolling. The principle therefore can diversify the design principles for multifunctional soft actuators and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Liang
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Binjie Jin
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhenhua He
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhanghe Jiang
- Guangzhou Academy of Special Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Inspection & Testing, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Saihua Jiang
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
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5
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Joharji L, Alam F, El-Atab N. Direct Ink Writing of Strained Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensors: Toward 4D Printable Soft Robotics. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14638-14647. [PMID: 38559947 PMCID: PMC10976367 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) printing has attracted significant attention, because it enables structures to be reconfigured based on an external stimulus, realizing complex architectures that are useful for different applications. Nevertheless, most previously reported 4D-printed components have focused on actuators, which are just one part of a full soft robotic system. In this study, toward achieving fully 4D-printed systems, the design and direct ink writing of sensors with a straining mechanism that mimics the 4D effect are explored. Solution-processable carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as the sensing medium, and the effect of a heat-shrinkable shape-memory polymer-based substrate (i.e., potential 4D effect) on the electronic and structural properties of CNTs was assessed, followed by their application in various sensing devices. Herein, we reveal that substrate shrinking affords a more porous yet more conductive film owing to the compressive strain experienced by CNTs, leading to an increase in the carrier concentration. Furthermore, it improves the sensitivity of the devices without the need for chemical functionalization. Interestingly, the results show that, by engineering the potential 4D effect, the selectivity of the sensor can be tuned. Finally, the sensors were integrated into a fully 4D-printed flower structure, exhibiting their potential for different soft robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Joharji
- SAMA
Laboratories, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical
Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Electrical
Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum
and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alam
- SAMA
Laboratories, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical
Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazek El-Atab
- SAMA
Laboratories, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical
Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Franco Urquiza EA. Advances in Additive Manufacturing of Polymer-Fused Deposition Modeling on Textiles: From 3D Printing to Innovative 4D Printing-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:700. [PMID: 38475383 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Technological advances and the development of new and advanced materials allow the transition from three-dimensional (3D) printing to the innovation of four-dimensional (4D) printing. 3D printing is the process of precisely creating objects with complex shapes by depositing superimposed layers of material. Current 3D printing technology allows two or more filaments of different polymeric materials to be placed, which, together with the development of intelligent materials that change shape over time or under the action of an external stimulus, allow us to innovate and move toward an emerging area of research, innovative 4D printing technology. 4D printing makes it possible to manufacture actuators and sensors for various technological applications. Its most significant development is currently in the manufacture of intelligent textiles. The potential of 4D printing lies in modular manufacturing, where fabric-printed material interaction enables the creation of bio-inspired and biomimetic devices. The central part of this review summarizes the effect of the primary external stimuli on 4D textile materials, followed by the leading applications. Shape memory polymers attract current and potential opportunities in the textile industry to develop smart clothing for protection against extreme environments, auxiliary prostheses, smart splints or orthoses to assist the muscles in their medical recovery, and comfort devices. In the future, intelligent textiles will perform much more demanding roles, thus envisioning the application fields of 4D printing in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Adrian Franco Urquiza
- Advanced Manufacturing Department, Center for Engineering and Industrial Development, CIDESI-Airport, Carretera Estatal 200, km 23, Queretaro 76270, Mexico
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7
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Guo S, Cui H, Agarwal T, Zhang LG. Nanomaterials in 4D Printing: Expanding the Frontiers of Advanced Manufacturing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2307750. [PMID: 38431939 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
As an innovative technology, four-dimentional (4D) printing is built upon the principles of three-dimentional (3D) printing with an additional dimension: time. While traditional 3D printing creates static objects, 4D printing generates "responsive 3D printed structures", enabling them to transform or self-assemble in response to external stimuli. Due to the dynamic nature, 4D printing has demonstrated tremendous potential in a range of industries, encompassing aerospace, healthcare, and intelligent devices. Nanotechnology has gained considerable attention owing to the exceptional properties and functions of nanomaterials. Incorporating nanomaterials into an intelligent matrix enhances the physiochemical properties of 4D printed constructs, introducing novel functions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current applications of nanomaterials in 4D printing, exploring their synergistic potential to create dynamic and responsive structures. Nanomaterials play diverse roles as rheology modifiers, mechanical enhancers, function introducers, and more. The overarching goal of this review is to inspire researchers to delve into the vast potential of nanomaterial-enabled 4D printing, propelling advancements in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Haitao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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8
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Leanza S, Wu S, Sun X, Qi HJ, Zhao RR. Active Materials for Functional Origami. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302066. [PMID: 37120795 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, origami has been explored to aid in the design of engineering structures. These structures span multiple scales and have been demonstrated to be used toward various areas such as aerospace, metamaterial, biomedical, robotics, and architectural applications. Conventionally, origami or deployable structures have been actuated by hands, motors, or pneumatic actuators, which can result in heavy or bulky structures. On the other hand, active materials, which reconfigure in response to external stimulus, eliminate the need for external mechanical loads and bulky actuation systems. Thus, in recent years, active materials incorporated with deployable structures have shown promise for remote actuation of light weight, programmable origami. In this review, active materials such as shape memory polymers (SMPs) and alloys (SMAs), hydrogels, liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), magnetic soft materials (MSMs), and covalent adaptable network (CAN) polymers, their actuation mechanisms, as well as how they have been utilized for active origami and where these structures are applicable is discussed. Additionally, the state-of-the-art fabrication methods to construct active origami are highlighted. The existing structural modeling strategies for origami, the constitutive models used to describe active materials, and the largest challenges and future directions for active origami research are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leanza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaohao Sun
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - H Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ruike Renee Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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9
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Ma Y, Wang J. Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Soft Actuators. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:128. [PMID: 38534813 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological species can walk, swim, fly, jump, and climb with fast response speeds and motion complexity. These remarkable functions are accomplished by means of soft actuation organisms, which are commonly composed of muscle tissue systems. To achieve the creation of their biomimetic artificial counterparts, various biomimetic stimuli-responsive materials have been synthesized and developed in recent decades. They can respond to various external stimuli in the form of structural or morphological transformations by actively or passively converting input energy into mechanical energy. They are the core element of soft actuators for typical smart devices like soft robots, artificial muscles, intelligent sensors and nanogenerators. Significant progress has been made in the development of bioinspired stimuli-responsive materials. However, these materials have not been comprehensively summarized with specific actuation mechanisms in the literature. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in biomimetic stimuli-responsive materials that are instrumental for soft actuators. Firstly, different stimuli-responsive principles for soft actuators are discussed, including fluidic, electrical, thermal, magnetic, light, and chemical stimuli. We further summarize the state-of-the-art stimuli-responsive materials for soft actuators and explore the advantages and disadvantages of using electroactive polymers, magnetic soft composites, photo-thermal responsive polymers, shape memory alloys and other responsive soft materials. Finally, we provide a critical outlook on the field of stimuli-responsive soft actuators and emphasize the challenges in the process of their implementation to various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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10
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Yang S, Song Z, He Z, Ye X, Li J, Wang W, Zhang D, Li Y. A review of chitosan-based shape memory materials: Stimuli-responsiveness, multifunctionalities and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121411. [PMID: 37940246 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs), as a type of smart materials, possess the unique shape memory and deformation recovery abilities. Hence, SMPs have been attracted extensive attentions and widely used in fields of electric devices, aerospace structures and biomedical engineering. Chitosan (CS), as a renewable natural biomass material, exhibits the excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and antibacterial activities. Using biomass CS as SMPs matrix materials could greatly enhance the environmental friendliness and adaptability, promoting the applications in fields of biomedical engineering and smart devices. This paper provides a detailed overview of current research progress about CS-based SMPs, including diverse stimuli responsiveness, multifunctionalities and various applications. Though, the research on CS-based SMPs is still in the early stage, which exhibits extensive prospect and potential, and could be of significance in advancing smart biomedical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China.
| | - Zijian Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China.
| | - Zhichao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China.
| | - Xinming Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China.
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China.
| | - Wensheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China.
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Yingchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, PR China.
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11
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Antezana PE, Municoy S, Ostapchuk G, Catalano PN, Hardy JG, Evelson PA, Orive G, Desimone MF. 4D Printing: The Development of Responsive Materials Using 3D-Printing Technology. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2743. [PMID: 38140084 PMCID: PMC10747900 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, widely known as 3D printing, has revolutionized the production of biomaterials. While conventional 3D-printed structures are perceived as static, 4D printing introduces the ability to fabricate materials capable of self-transforming their configuration or function over time in response to external stimuli such as temperature, light, or electric field. This transformative technology has garnered significant attention in the field of biomedical engineering due to its potential to address limitations associated with traditional therapies. Here, we delve into an in-depth review of 4D-printing systems, exploring their diverse biomedical applications and meticulously evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. We emphasize the novelty of this review paper by highlighting the latest advancements and emerging trends in 4D-printing technology, particularly in the context of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Edmundo Antezana
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Sofia Municoy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Gabriel Ostapchuk
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina; (G.O.); (P.N.C.)
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Gerencia de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Proyectos Especiales, Gerencia de Área de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina
| | - Paolo Nicolás Catalano
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina; (G.O.); (P.N.C.)
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Gerencia de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Proyectos Especiales, Gerencia de Área de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Junín 954, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - John G. Hardy
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK;
- Department of Chemistry, Faraday Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Pablo Andrés Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Martin Federico Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
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12
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Sang F, Pan L, Ji Z, Zhang B, Meng Z, Cao L, Zhang J, Li X, Yang X, Shi C. Polydopamine functionalized polyurethane shape memory sponge with controllable expansion performance triggered by near-infrared light for incompressible hemorrhage control. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 232:113590. [PMID: 37862950 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled expansion of shape memory sponges face a significant challenge in the treatment of lethal incompressible hemorrhage, which can lead to blood overflow or damage to the surrounding tissue. Herein, we developed a polydopamine functionalized polyurethane shape memory sponge (PDA-TPI-PU) with a controllable degree of expansion by near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered stimulation for the treatment of incompressible hemorrhage. The sponge has excellent liquid absorption performance and robust mechanical strength as well as good photothermal conversion ability. Under NIR light of 0.32 W/cm2, the maximum recovery rate of the fixed-shape compression sponge was 91% within 25 s in air and 80% within 25 s in blood. In the SD rat liver penetrating injury model, compared with commercial medical gelatin sponge and PVA sponge, the PDA-TPI-PU sponge could effectively control the bleeding under the NIR light irradiation and did not cause excessive compression of the wound. The sponge with these characteristics shows potential application prospects as a hemostatic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
| | - Luqi Pan
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
| | - Zhixiao Ji
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
| | - Bingxu Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
| | - Zhizhen Meng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Lina Cao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Xujian Li
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China.
| | - Changcan Shi
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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13
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Zhang L, Huang X, Cole T, Lu H, Hang J, Li W, Tang SY, Boyer C, Davis TP, Qiao R. 3D-printed liquid metal polymer composites as NIR-responsive 4D printing soft robot. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7815. [PMID: 38016940 PMCID: PMC10684855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
4D printing combines 3D printing with nanomaterials to create shape-morphing materials that exhibit stimuli-responsive functionalities. In this study, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization agents grafted onto liquid metal nanoparticles are successfully employed in ultraviolet light-mediated stereolithographic 3D printing and near-infrared light-responsive 4D printing. Spherical liquid metal nanoparticles are directly prepared in 3D-printed resins via a one-pot approach, providing a simple and efficient strategy for fabricating liquid metal-polymer composites. Unlike rigid nanoparticles, the soft and liquid nature of nanoparticles reduces glass transition temperature, tensile stress, and modulus of 3D-printed materials. This approach enables the photothermal-induced 4D printing of composites, as demonstrated by the programmed shape memory of 3D-printed composites rapidly recovering to their original shape in 60 s under light irradiation. This work provides a perspective on the use of liquid metal-polymer composites in 4D printing, showcasing their potential for application in the field of soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xumin Huang
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Tim Cole
- Department of Electronic, Electrical, and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hongda Lu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jiangyu Hang
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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14
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An SC, Lim Y, Jun YC. Rapid and selective actuation of 3D-printed shape-memory composites via microwave heating. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18179. [PMID: 37875586 PMCID: PMC10598202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing allows the fabrication of complex shapes with high resolutions. However, the printed structures typically have fixed shapes and functions. Four-dimensional printing allows the shapes of 3D-printed structures to be transformed in response to external stimuli. Among the external stimuli, light has unique advantages for remote thermal actuation. However, light absorption in opaque structures occurs only near the sample surface; thus, actuation can be slow. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the rapid and selective actuation of 3D-printed shape-memory polymer (SMP) composites using microwave heating. The SMP composite filaments are prepared using different amounts of graphite flakes. Microwave radiation can penetrate the entire printed structures and induce rapid heating. With sufficient graphite contents, the printed SMP composites are heated above their glass transition temperature within a few seconds. This leads to rapid thermal actuation of the 3D-printed SMP structures. Finally, dual-material 3D printing is demonstrated to induce selective microwave heating and control actuation motion. Our experiments and simulations indicate that microwave heating of SMP composites can be an effective method for the rapid and selective actuation of complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Chan An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Jun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Chang S, Weng Z, Zhang C, Jiang S, Duan G. Cellulose-Based Intelligent Responsive Materials: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3905. [PMID: 37835953 PMCID: PMC10575029 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of intelligent technology and the pursuit of green environmental protection, responsive materials with single response and actuation can no longer meet the requirements of modern technology for intelligence, diversification, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, intelligent responsive materials have received much attention. In recent years, with the development of new materials and technologies, cellulose materials have become increasingly used as responsive materials due to their advantages of sustainability and renewability. This review summarizes the relevant research on cellulose-based intelligent responsive materials in recent years. According to the stimuli responses, they are divided into temperature-, light-, electrical-, magnetic-, and humidity-responsive types. The response mechanism, application status, and development trend of cellulose-based intelligent responsive materials are summarized. Finally, the future perspectives on the preparation and applications of cellulose-based intelligent responsive materials are presented for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Zhangzhao Weng
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China;
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
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16
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Pu F, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Wu W, Shao Z, Li C, Feng J, Xue L, Chen F. Research and Application of Medical Polyetheretherketone as Bone Repair Material. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300032. [PMID: 37088909 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) can potentially be used for bone repair because its elastic modulus is similar to that of human natural bone and good biocompatibility and chemical stability. However, its hydrophobicity and biological inertness limit its application in the biomedical field. Inspired by the composition, structure, and function of bone tissue, many strategies are proposed to change the structure and functionality of the PEEK surface. In this review, the applications of PEEK in bone repair and the optimization strategy for PEEK's biological activity are reviewed, which provides a direction for the development of multifunctional bone repair materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan (Wuhan No.1 Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yihan Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan (Wuhan No.1 Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Longjian Xue
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
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17
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Paunović N, Meyer D, Krivitsky A, Studart AR, Bao Y, Leroux JC. 4D printing of biodegradable elastomers with tailorable thermal response at physiological temperature. J Control Release 2023; 361:417-426. [PMID: 37532144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
4D printing has a great potential for the manufacturing of soft robotics and medical devices. The alliance of digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing and novel shape-memory photopolymers allows for the fabrication of smart 4D-printed medical devices in high resolution and with tailorable functionalities. However, most of the reported 4D-printed materials are nondegradable, which limits their clinical applications. On the other hand, 4D printing of biodegradable shape-memory elastomers is highly challenging, especially when transition points close to physiological temperature and shape fixation under ambient conditions are required. Here, we report the 4D printing of biodegradable shape-memory elastomers with tailorable transition points covering physiological temperature, by using poly(D,L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) methacrylates at various monomer feed ratios. After the programming step, the high-resolution DLP printed stents preserved their folded shape at room temperature, and showed efficient shape recovery at 37 °C. The materials were cytocompatible and readily degradable under physiological conditions. Furthermore, drug-loaded devices with tuneable release kinetics were realized by DLP-printing with resins containing polymers and levofloxacin or nintedanib. This study offers a new perspective for the development of next-generation 4D-printed medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Paunović
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Meyer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Krivitsky
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Y Bao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - J-C Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Luo Y, Pauer W, Luinstra GA. Tough, Stretchable, and Thermoresponsive Smart Hydrogels. Gels 2023; 9:695. [PMID: 37754376 PMCID: PMC10528277 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-healing, thermoresponsive hydrogels with a triple network (TN) were obtained by copolymerizing N-isopropyl acryl amide (NiPAAm) with polyvinyl alkohol (PVA) functionalized with methacrylic acid and N,N'-methylene bis(acryl amide) crosslinker in the presence of low amounts (<1 wt.%) of tannic acid (TA). The final gels were obtained by crystalizing the PVA in a freeze-thaw procedure. XRD, DCS, and SEM imaging indicate that the crystallinity is lower and the size of the PVA crystals is smaller at higher TA concentrations. A gel with 0.5 wt.% TA has an elongation at a break of 880% at a tension of 1.39 MPa. It has the best self-healing efficiency of 81% after cutting and losing the chemical network. Step-sweep strain experiments show that the gel has thixotropic properties, which are related to the TA/PVA part of the triple network. The low amount of TA leaves the gel with good thermal responsiveness (equilibrium swelling ratio of 13.3). Swelling-deswelling loop tests show enhanced dimensional robustness of the hydrogel, with a substantial constancy after two cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerrit A. Luinstra
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (Y.L.); (W.P.)
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19
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Wang Q, Yan X, Liu P, Xu Y, Guan Q, You Z. Near-Infrared Light Triggered the Shape Memory Behavior of Polydopamine-Nanoparticle-Filled Epoxy Acrylate. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3394. [PMID: 37631451 PMCID: PMC10459945 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the effective combination of photothermal conversion agent polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles and epoxy acrylate polymer (EA), a new kind of near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered shape memory polymer (PDA/EA) is developed. Due to the outstanding photothermal effect of PDA, even with a very low concentration of PDA (0.1 wt.%), when exposed to an 808 nm NIR light with a power of 1 W/cm2, the temporary shapes can be fully light-responsive, recovered in 60 s. Based on dynamic thermomechanical analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis, it can be seen that the introduction of PDA is beneficial for improving dynamic mechanical properties and thermal resistance compared to EA. As an environmentally friendly and highly efficient photoactive SMP, PDA/EA has a great application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.W.); (P.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Zhejiang Hexin New Material Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314000, China;
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Zhejiang Hexin New Material Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314000, China;
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.W.); (P.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yiyan Xu
- Zhejiang Hexin New Material Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314000, China;
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.W.); (P.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.W.); (P.L.); (Z.Y.)
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20
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Cazin I, Rossegger E, Roppolo I, Sangermano M, Granitzer P, Rumpf K, Schlögl S. Digital light processing 3D printing of dynamic magneto-responsive thiol-acrylate composites. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17536-17544. [PMID: 37304810 PMCID: PMC10253501 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02504g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing is one of the most promising processing techniques for fabricating customized 3D objects. For the 3D printing of functional and stimuli-triggered devices, interest is steadily growing in processing materials with magnetic properties. Synthesis routes for magneto-responsive soft materials typically involve the dispersion of (nano)particles into a non-magnetic polymer matrix. Above their glass transition temperature, the shape of such composites can be conveniently adjusted by applying an external magnetic field. With their rapid response time, facile controllability, and reversible actuation, magnetically responsive soft materials can be used in the biomedical field (e.g. drug delivery, minimally invasive surgery), soft robotics or in electronic applications. Herein, we combine the magnetic response with thermo-activated healability by introducing magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles into a dynamic photopolymer network, which undergoes thermo-activated bond exchange reactions. The resin is based on a radically curable thiol-acrylate system, whose composition is optimized towards processability via digital light processing 3D printing. A mono-functional methacrylate phosphate is applied as a stabilizer to increase the resins' shelf life by preventing thiol-Michael reactions. Once photocured, the organic phosphate further acts as a transesterification catalyst and activates bond exchange reactions at elevated temperature, which render the magneto-active composites mendable and malleable. The healing performance is demonstrated by recovering magnetic and mechanical properties after the thermally triggered mending of 3D-printed structures. We further demonstrate the magnetically driven movement of 3D-printed samples, which gives rise to the potential use of these materials in healable soft devices activated by external magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Cazin
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Roseggerstrasse 12 A-8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Elisabeth Rossegger
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Roseggerstrasse 12 A-8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Ignazio Roppolo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 10124 Torino Italy
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 10124 Torino Italy
| | - Petra Granitzer
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz Universitätsplatz 3 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Klemens Rumpf
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz Universitätsplatz 3 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Roseggerstrasse 12 A-8700 Leoben Austria
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21
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Bouzaglou O, Golan O, Lachman N. Process Design and Parameters Interaction in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102280. [PMID: 37242855 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM), commonly known as "3D printing", is rapidly integrated into many various fields, from everyday commercial to high-end medical and aerospace. Its production flexibility in small-scale and complex shapes is a significant advantage over conventional methods. However, inferior physical properties of parts manufactured by AM in general, and by material extrusion in particular, compared to traditional fabrication methods, inhibit its full assimilation. Specifically, the mechanical properties of printed parts are not high enough and, more importantly, not consistent enough. Optimization of the many various printing parameters is therefore required. This work reviews the influence of material selection, printing parameters such as path (e.g., layer thickness and raster angle), build (e.g., infill and building orientation) and temperature parameters (e.g., nozzle or platform temperature) on mechanical properties. Moreover, this work focuses on the interactions between the printing parameters, their mechanisms, and the statistical methods required to identify such interactions. Choosing the right parameters can increase mechanical properties by up to 60% (raster angle and orientation build), or render other parameters insignificant (material selection), while specific settings of certain parameters can completely inverse the influence trend of other parameters. Finally, trends for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouri Bouzaglou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ofek Golan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Noa Lachman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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22
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Bai X, Gou X, Zhang J, Liang J, Yang L, Wang S, Hou X, Chen F. A Review of Smart Superwetting Surfaces Based on Shape-Memory Micro/Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206463. [PMID: 36609999 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired smart superwetting surfaces with special wettability have aroused great attention from fundamental research to technological applications including self-cleaning, oil-water separation, anti-icing/corrosion/fogging, drag reduction, cell engineering, liquid manipulation, and so on. However, most of the reported smart superwetting surfaces switch their wettability by reversibly changing surface chemistry rather than surface microstructure. Compared with surface chemistry, the regulation of surface microstructure is more difficult and can bring novel functions to the surfaces. As a kind of stimulus-responsive material, shape-memory polymer (SMP) has become an excellent candidate for preparing smart superwetting surfaces owing to its unique shape transformation property. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress of smart superwetting SMP surfaces including fabrication methods, smart superwetting phenomena, and related application fields. The smart superwettabilities, such as superhydrophobicity/superomniphobicity with tunable adhesion, reversible switching between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity, switchable isotropic/anisotropic wetting, slippery surface with tunable wettability, and underwater superaerophobicity/superoleophobicity with tunable adhesion, can be obtained on SMP micro/nanostructures by regulating the surface morphology. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of smart superwetting SMP surfaces are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Gou
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Yang
- Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, P. R. China
| | - Xun Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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23
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Wu W, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Ren L, Chen F, Fuh JYH, Zheng A, Li X, Zhao J, Li G. Metallic 4D Printing of Laser Stimulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206486. [PMID: 36683254 PMCID: PMC10131821 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
4D printing of metallic shape-morphing systems can be applied in many fields, including aerospace, smart manufacturing, naval equipment, and biomedical engineering. The existing forming materials for metallic 4D printing are still very limited except shape memory alloys. Herein, a 4D printing method to endow non-shape-memory metallic materials with active properties is presented, which could overcome the shape-forming limitation of traditional material processing technologies. The thermal stress spatial control of 316L stainless steel forming parts is achieved by programming the processing parameters during a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. The printed parts can realize the shape changing of selected areas during or after forming process owing to stress release generated. It is demonstrated that complex metallic shape-morphing structures can be manufactured by this method. The principles of printing parameters programmed and thermal stress pre-set are also applicable to other thermoforming materials and additive manufacturing processes, which can expand not only the materials used for 4D printing but also the applications of 4D printing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunJilin130025P. R. China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunJilin130025P. R. China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education)Jilin UniversityChangchun130025P. R. China
| | - Luquan Ren
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunJilin130025P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education)Jilin UniversityChangchun130025P. R. China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore
| | - Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore
| | - Aodu Zheng
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunJilin130025P. R. China
- Chongqing Research InstituteJilin University618 Liangjiang Avenue, Longxing Town, Yubei DistrictChongqing401122P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunJilin130025P. R. China
- Chongqing Research InstituteJilin University618 Liangjiang Avenue, Longxing Town, Yubei DistrictChongqing401122P. R. China
| | - Ji Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and AutomationNortheastern UniversityShenyangLiaoning110004P. R. China
| | - Guiwei Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunJilin130025P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education)Jilin UniversityChangchun130025P. R. China
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24
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Namathoti S, Vakkalagadda MRK. Development of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Halloysite Nanotubes Reinforced Thermal Responsive Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites for Enhanced Mechanical and Shape Recovery Characteristics in 4D Printing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1371. [PMID: 36987152 PMCID: PMC10056962 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical and shape-recovery characteristics of 4D-printed thermally responsive shape-memory polyurethane (SMPU) reinforced with two types of reinforcements, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), are investigated in the present study. Three weight percentages of reinforcements (0, 0.5, and 1) in the SMPU matrix are considered, and the required composite specimens are obtained with 3D printing. Further, for the first time, the present study investigates the flexural test for multiple cycles to understand the 4D-printed specimens' flexural behavior variation after shape recovery. The 1 wt% HNTS-reinforced specimen yielded higher tensile, flexural, and impact strengths. On the other hand, 1 wt% MWCNT-reinforced specimens exhibited quick shape recovery. Overall, enhanced mechanical properties were observed with HNT reinforcements, and a faster shape recovery was observed with MWCNT reinforcements. Further, the results are promising for the use of 4D-printed shape-memory polymer nanocomposites for repeated cycles even after a large bending deformation.
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25
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Bagheri A. Application of RAFT in 3D Printing: Where Are the Future Opportunities? Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bagheri
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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26
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Ding X, Shi Y, Xu S, Zhang Y, Du J, Qiu J. Triple Stimuli-Responsive Flexible Shape Memory Foams with Super-Amphiphilicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205797. [PMID: 36461700 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Highly porous multi-responsive shape memory foams have unique advantages in designing 3D materials with lightweight for varied applications. Herein, a facile and efficient approach to fabricating a thermo-, electro-, and photo-responsive shape memory composite foam is demonstrated. A specific multi-step carbonization protocol is adopted for transforming commercial melamine sponge (MS) to highly porous carbon foam (CF) with robust elastic resilience, efficient electrothermal/photothermal conversions, and super-amphiphilicity. It is a novel proposal for CF to take the dual role of the elastic supporting framework and 3D energy conversion/transmission network without any functional fillers. The composite foam cPCL@CF incorporates the CF skeleton with in situ crosslinked polycaprolactone (PCL) layers, which exhibits high conductivity (≈140 S m-1 ) and excellent light absorption (≈97.7%) in the range of 250-2500 nm. By triggering the crystalline transition of PCL, the composite foam displays sensitive electro- and photo-induced shape memory effect (SME) with outstanding shape fixation ratio (Rf ) and recovery ratio (Rr ). Thanks to the super-amphiphilicity and high electrical conductivity, the cPCL@CF composite foam can give rapid and distinguishable electric signals upon tiny drips of salt solutions or lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrolytes, making it a new type of sensor for detecting electrolyte leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yunan Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jiang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Tongji University, Education of Ministry, Shanghai, 201804, China
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27
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Li W, Guan Q, Li M, Saiz E, Hou X. Nature's strategy to construct tough responsive hydrogel actuators and their applications. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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28
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Zhang Z, Mao S, Zheng X, Ma Y, He Y, Zhang X. Bilayer Actuator with Overload Protection on the Basis of Semicrystalline Polyurethane. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200720. [PMID: 36621912 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Response to external stimuli plays a significant role in the environmental adaptation of living matters and intelligent devices. Most stimulus-response systems in nature can respond to appropriate stimuli, and inhibit the response under excessive stimuli, such as excessive heat or water, which can be called overload protection. However, even though various responsive materials have been developed for different stimuli, most of them are not protective against the overload stimuli. In this work, a bilayer actuator based on semicrystalline polyurethane is designed, which can respond differently to proper stimuli and excessive stimuli, i.e., water. This actuator can bend gradually under the proper stimulation of water, but will straighten and even bend reversely with excessive stimulation. The mechanism behind the reversible and adjustable actuator with overload protection is investigated both experimentally and theoretically, and the competition between dynamic factors and thermodynamic stability in the swelling process is considered the main cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinjia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yingchao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yonglin He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
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29
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Zou B, Liang Z, Zhong D, Cui Z, Xiao K, Shao S, Ju J. Magneto-Thermomechanically Reprogrammable Mechanical Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207349. [PMID: 36385420 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Future active metamaterials for reconfigurable structural applications require fast, untethered, reversible, and reprogrammable (multimodal) transformability with shape locking. Magnetic control has a superior advantage for fast and remotely controlled deployment; however, a significant drawback is needed to maintain the magnetic force to hold the transformation, limiting its use in structural applications. The shape-locking property of shape-memory polymers (SMPs) can resolve this issue. However, the intrinsic irreversibility of SMPs may limit their reconfigurability as active metamaterials. Moreover, to date, reprogrammable methods have required high power with laser and arc welding proving to be energy-inefficient control methods. In this work, a magneto-thermomechanical tool is constructed and demonstrated, which enables a single material system to transform with untethered, reversible, low-powered reprogrammable deformations, and shape locking via the application of magneto-thermomechanically triggered prestress on the SMP and structural instability with asymmetric magnetic torque. The mutual assistance of two physics concepts-magnetic control combined with the thermomechanical behavior of SMPs is demonstrated, without requiring new materials synthesis and high-power energy for reprogramming. This approach can open a new path of active metamaterials, flexible yet stiff soft robots, multimodal morphing structures, and mechanical computing devices where it can be designed in reversible and reprogrammable ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Zou
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zihe Liang
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dijia Zhong
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuang Shao
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jaehyung Ju
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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30
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Sun S, Chen C, Zhang J, Hu J. Biodegradable smart materials with self-healing and shape memory function for wound healing. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3155-3163. [PMID: 36756444 PMCID: PMC9869863 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding the rapid development of suture elastomers to meet the needs of practical surgery, utilizing the elastomers' self-healing function as a surgical suture to facilitate the healing of wounds has not been addressed. Here, a biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonate smart elastomer, mPEG113-b-PMBC n , was synthesized from aliphatic polycarbonate monomer with methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG113, 5.0 kDa) as initiator, which exhibited excellent mechanical properties, highly efficient self-repairing, and remarkable shape memory behavior. The polymers possess outstanding self-healing ability for 150 min. Meanwhile, after 46.33 ± 1.18 s, the temporary shape of the obtained polymer had been recovered. The results of biocompatibility tests reveal that the polymers have excellent biocompatibility and can be regarded as good biomedical materials. Then, in vivo experiments were used to prove the self-healing knotting ability of the polymers and quickly close a wound surface using a programmed shape at physiological temperature. The results demonstrated that the injury wound can be effectively healed compared with traditional sutures, which will offer new study suggestions for subsequent healing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P. R. China
| | - Chaoxian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P. R. China .,Department of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P. R. China
| | - Jianshe Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P. R. China
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31
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de Souza Carvalho TA, Magalhaes LF, do Livramento Santos CI, de Freitas TAZ, Carvalho Vale BR, Vale da Fonseca AF, Schiavon MA. Lead-Free Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: From Fundamentals to Applications. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202518. [PMID: 36206198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) halide perovskite nanocrystals, with the general formula APbX3 , where A=CH3 NH3+ , CH(NH2 )2+ , or Cs+ and X=Cl- , Br- , or I- , have emerged as a class of materials with promising properties due to their remarkable optical properties and solar cell performance. However, important issues still need to be addressed to enable practical applications of these materials, such as instability, mass production, and Pb toxicity. Recent studies have carried out the replacement of Pb by various less-toxic cations as Sn, Ge, Sb, and Bi. This variety of chemical compositions provide Pb-free perovskite and metal halide nanostructures with a wide spectral range, in addition to being considered less toxic, therefore having greater practical applicability. Highlighting the necessity to address and solve the toxicity problems related to Pb-containing perovskite, this review considers the prospects of the Pb-free perovskite, involving synthesis methods, and properties of them, including advantages, disadvantages, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Adriany de Souza Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil
| | - Leticia Ferreira Magalhaes
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil
| | | | - Thiago Alvares Zamaro de Freitas
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil
| | - Brener Rodrigo Carvalho Vale
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil.,Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brasil
| | - André Felipe Vale da Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil
| | - Marco Antônio Schiavon
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil
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32
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Zhang L, Hanif M, Li J, Shah AH, Hussain W, Zhang G. Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020390. [PMID: 36679272 PMCID: PMC9866565 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Shape memory polymers have received widespread attention from researchers because of their low density, shape variety, responsiveness to the environment, and transparency. This study deals with heat-shape memory polymers (SMPs) based on polylactic acid (PLA) for designing and fabricating a novel porous vascular scaffold to treat vascular restenosis. The solid isotropic material penalization method (SIMP) was applied to optimize the vascular scaffolds. Based on the torsional torque loading of Hyperworks Optistruct and the boundary conditions, the topological optimization model of a vascular scaffold unit was established. Forward and reverse hybrid modeling technology was applied to complete the final stent structure's assembly. The glass transition temperature for the present SMPs is 42.15 °C. With the increase in temperature, the ultimate tensile strength of the SMPs is reduced from 29.5 MPa to 11.6 MPa. The maximum modulus at room temperature was around 34 MPa. Stress relaxation curves show that the material classification is a "thermoset" polymer. The superb mechanical properties, the transition temperature of the SMPs, and the recovery ratio made it a feasible candidate for a vascular scaffold. A circular tube based on the shape memory polymers was presented as an example for analyzing the recovery ratio in an unfolding state. A higher recovery ratio was obtained at a temperature of 65 °C with a tube thickness of 2 mm. Finally, the proposed porous vascular scaffold was successfully fabricated, assessed, and compared with the original and previously developed vascular scaffolds. The proposed scaffold structure regains its initial shape with a recovery ratio of 98% (recovery temperature of 47 °C) in 16 s. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, and bending strength of the proposed scaffold were 29.5 MPa, 695.4 MPa, and 6.02 MPa, respectively. The results showed that the proposed scaffold could be regarded as a potential candidate for a vascular implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Faculty of Mechanical Design and Vehicle Engineering, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Faculty of Mechanical Design and Vehicle Engineering, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Faculty of Mechanical Design and Vehicle Engineering, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Abdul Hakim Shah
- Department of Physics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak 27200, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Hussain
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guotao Zhang
- Faculty of Mechanical Design and Vehicle Engineering, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Abstract
The advancement of four-dimensional (4D) printing has been fueled by the rise in demand for additive manufacturing and the expansion in shape-memory materials. The printing of smart substances that respond to external stimuli is known as 4D printing. 4D printing allows highly controlled shapes to simulate the physiological milieu by adding time dimensions. The 4D printing is suitable with current progress in smart compounds, printers, and its mechanism of action. The 4D printing paradigm, a revolutionary enhancement of 3D printing, was anticipated by various engineering disciplines. Tissue engineering, medicinal, consumer items, aerospace, and organ engineering use 4D printing technology. The current review mainly focuses on the basics of 4D printing and the methods used therein. It also discusses the time-dependent behavior of stimulus-sensitive compounds, which are widely used in 4D printing. In addition, this review highlights material aspects, specifically related to shape-memory polymers, stimuli-responsive materials (classified as physical, chemical, and biological), and modified materials, the backbone of 4D printing technology. Finally, potential applications of 4D printing in the biomedical sector are also discussed with challenges and future perspectives.
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34
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Application of 4D printing and AI to cardiovascular devices. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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35
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Santos Beato P, Poologasundarampillai G, Nommeots-Nomm A, Kalaskar DM. Materials for 3D printing in medicine: metals, polymers, ceramics, and hydrogels. 3D Print Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89831-7.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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36
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Emerging 4D printing strategies for on-demand local actuation & micro printing of soft materials. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Ghosh S, Chaudhuri S, Roy P, Lahiri D. 4D Printing in Biomedical Engineering: a State-of-the-Art Review of Technologies, Biomaterials, and Application. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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G K, Kandasubramanian B. Exertions of Magnetic Polymer Composites Fabricated via 3D Printing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaja G
- CIPET: Institute of Petrochemicals Technology (IPT), HIL Colony, Edayar Road, Pathalam, Eloor, Udyogamandal P.O., Kochi683501, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Rapid Prototyping Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, 411025Maharashtra, India
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39
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu M, Wei Q, Du B. 4D printing light-/thermo-responsive shape memory composites based on thermoplastic polyurethane/polylactic acid/polyaniline blends. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221135499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a series of polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane/polyaniline (PLA/TPU/PANI) blends with different weight ratios were prepared by Fused deposition molding First, six groups of PLA/TPU (U9A1/U8A2/U7A3/U6A4/U5A5/U4A6) and three groups of PLA/TPU/PANI (821/823/825) with different ratios were fabricated by melt blending. Then, the effects of different filament forming and printing process parameters on print resolution and quality were investigated. Next, printed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical experiments. The results of FTIR and TGA showed no chemical reaction between different components, and uniform distribution of the material was observed in the SEM. The tensile and compressive curves of the samples showed an inverted U-shape. Finally, the shape-memory property was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. For PLA/TPU blends, U8A2 had the best shape memory capability ([Formula: see text] = 80.8% and [Formula: see text] = 100%). Based on the excellent shape memory performance of PLA/TPU, the addition of PANI can introduce a light-actuated mechanism to form a binary-driven shape memory material. The composite materials prepared in this work can be applied to tissue engineering scaffolds, medical devices, soft robots and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yanen Wang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Minyan Liu
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Wei
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Bing Du
- Center of Stomatology, The Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
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On the Evolution of Additive Manufacturing (3D/4D Printing) Technologies: Materials, Applications, and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214698. [PMID: 36365695 PMCID: PMC9656270 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific community is and has constantly been working to innovate and improve the available technologies in our use. In that effort, three-dimensional (3D) printing was developed that can construct 3D objects from a digital file. Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has seen tremendous growth over the last three decades, and in the last five years, its application has widened significantly. Three-dimensional printing technology has the potential to fill the gaps left by the limitations of the current manufacturing technologies, and it has further become exciting with the addition of a time dimension giving rise to the concept of four-dimensional (4D) printing, which essentially means that the structures created by 4D printing undergo a transformation over time under the influence of internal or external stimuli. The created objects are able to adapt to changing environmental variables such as moisture, temperature, light, pH value, etc. Since their introduction, 3D and 4D printing technologies have extensively been used in the healthcare, aerospace, construction, and fashion industries. Although 3D printing has a highly promising future, there are still a number of challenges that must be solved before the technology can advance. In this paper, we reviewed the recent advances in 3D and 4D printing technologies, the available and potential materials for use, and their current and potential future applications. The current and potential role of 3D printing in the imperative fight against COVID-19 is also discussed. Moreover, the major challenges and developments in overcoming those challenges are addressed. This document provides a cutting-edge review of the materials, applications, and challenges in 3D and 4D printing technologies.
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41
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Xuan H, Guan Q, Tan H, Zuo H, Sun L, Guo Y, Zhang L, Neisiany RE, You Z. Light-Controlled Triple-Shape-Memory, High-Permittivity Dynamic Elastomer for Wearable Multifunctional Information Encoding Devices. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16954-16965. [PMID: 36125071 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered information encoding devices (IEDs) have drawn considerable interest owing to their capability to process information without batteries. Next-generation IEDs should be reprogrammable, self-healing, and wearable to satisfy the emerging requirements for multifunctional IEDs; however, such devices have not been demonstrated. Herein, an integrated triboelectric nanogenerator-based IED with the aforementioned features was developed based on the designed light-responsive high-permittivity poly(sebacoyl diglyceride-co-4,4'-azodibenzoyl diglyceride) elastomer (PSeDAE) with a triple-shape-memory effect. The electrical memory feature was achieved through a microscale shape-memory property, enabling spatiotemporal information reprogramming for the IED. Macroscale shape-memory behavior afforded the IED shape-reprogramming ability, yielding wearable and detachable features. The dynamic transesterifications and light-heating groups in the PSeDAE afforded a remotely controlled rearrangement of its cross-linking network, producing the self-healing IED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Xuan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Donghua University, Shanghai201620, P.R. China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Donghua University, Shanghai201620, P.R. China
| | - Hao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Donghua University, Shanghai201620, P.R. China
| | - Han Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Donghua University, Shanghai201620, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Donghua University, Shanghai201620, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Donghua University, Shanghai201620, P.R. China
| | - Luzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Donghua University, Shanghai201620, P.R. China
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar9617976487, Iran
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Donghua University, Shanghai201620, P.R. China
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Ji S, Wu X, Jiang Y, Wang T, Liu Z, Cao C, Ji B, Chi L, Li D, Chen X. Self-Reporting Joule Heating Modulated Stiffness of Polymeric Nanocomposites for Shape Reconfiguration. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16833-16842. [PMID: 36194555 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Shape reconfigurable devices, e.g., foldable phones, have emerged with the development of flexible electronics. But their rigid frames limit the feasible shapes for the devices. To achieve freely changeable shapes yet keep the rigidity of devices for user-friendly operations, stiffness-tunable materials are desired, especially under electrical control. However, current such systems are multilayer with at least a heater layer and a structural layer, leading to complex fabrication, high cost, and loss of reprocessability. Herein, we fabricate covalent adaptable networks-carbon nanotubes (CAN-CNT) composites to realize Joule heating controlled stiffness. The nanocomposites function as stiffness-tunable matrices, electric heaters, and softening sensors all by themselves. The self-reporting of softening is used to regulate the power control, and the sensing mechanism is investigated by simulating the CNT-polymer chain interactions at the nanoscale during the softening process. The nanocomposites not only have adjustable mechanical and thermodynamic properties but also are easy to fabricate at low cost and exhibit reprocessability and recyclability benefiting from the dynamic exchange reactions of CANs. Shape and stiffness control of flexible display systems are demonstrated with the nanocomposites as framing material, where freely reconfigurable shapes are realized to achieve convenient operation, wearing, or storage, fully exploiting their flexible potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Ji
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798Singapore
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123China
| | - Xuwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798Singapore
| | - Ting Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798Singapore
- Agency for Science Technology and Research, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Can Cao
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798Singapore
| | - Baohua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027China
- Oujiang Lab, Wenzhou Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123China
| | - Dechang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798Singapore
- Agency for Science Technology and Research, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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43
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Wang T, Fan X, Koh JJ, He C, Yeow CH. Self-Healing Approach toward Catalytic Soft Robots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40590-40598. [PMID: 36039512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soft robotics is a rapidly evolving research field that focuses on developing robots with bioinspired actuation/sensing mechanisms and highly flexible soft materials, some of which are similar to those found in living organisms. The hydrogel has the characteristics of excellent biocompatibility, softness, and elasticity, which makes it an ideal candidate material for the preparation of soft robots. Here we utilized a self-healing approach to develop a catalytically driven soft robot, which was constructed by dynamic imine bonds between modular hydrogels. One of the modules was a hydrogel formed by dynamic aldimine cross-linking of chitosan and glutaraldehyde, and the other module was a hydrogel embedded with catalase. The soft hydrogel robot moved because of catalytic reactions between the robot and environment [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) fuel], giving rise to a fluidic release that supports propulsion, as inspired by the jet-propulsive mechanism in swimming dragonfly larvae. The speed of the soft robot can be mediated by adjusting the concentration of H2O2 and enable/disable movement based on the folding and unfolding of enzymes. In addition, the hydrogel formed by replacing glutaraldehyde with dialdehyde-functionalized PEG2000 had excellent elastic properties, and the soft robot based on PEG2000 had a higher movement speed than that based on glutaraldehyde under the same H2O2 concentration. Moreover, the addition of iron oxide nanoparticles can realize the magnetic guidance of the soft robot and the combination of different modules can realize different motion modes. The highly configurable self-healing catalytic soft robot holds great potential for a variety of interesting applications, including swimming robots, robot-assisted water treatment, and drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xiaotong Fan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - J Justin Koh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Chaobin He
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Chen-Hua Yeow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Advanced Robotics Center, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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Zhang X, Liu F, Du B, Huang R, Zhang S, He Y, Wang H, Cui J, Zhang B, Yu T, Huang W. Construction of Photoresponsive 3D Structures Based on Triphenylethylene Photochromic Building Blocks. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9834140. [PMID: 36157512 PMCID: PMC9484832 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9834140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoresponsive materials have been widely used in sensing, bioimaging, molecular switches, information storage, and encryption nowadays. Although a large amount of photoresponsive materials have been reported, the construction of these smart materials into precisely prescribed complex 3D geometries is rarely studied. Here we designed a novel photoresponsive material methyl methacrylate containing triphenylethylene (TrPEF2-MA) that can be directly used for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Based on TrPEF2-MA, a series of photoresponsive 3D structures with reversible color switching under ultraviolet/visible light irradiations were fabricated. These complex photoresponsive 3D structures show high resolutions (50 μm), excellent repeatability (25 cycles without fatigue), and tunable saturate color degrees. Multicomponent DLP 3D printing processes were also carried out to demonstrate their great properties in information hiding and information-carrying properties. This design strategy for constructing photoresponsive 3D structures is attractive in the area of adaptive camouflage, information hiding, information storage, and flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Fukang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Beibei Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Rongjuan Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yunfei He
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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45
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Yang R, Liu W, Song N, Li X, Li Z, Luo F, Li J, Tan H. NIR Photothermal-Responsive Shape Memory Polyurethane with Protein-Inspired Aggregated Chymotrypsin-Sensitive Degradable Domains. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200490. [PMID: 35836315 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable shape memory polymers are promising biomaterials for stents used in minimally invasive surgical procedures such as intestinal stents. Herein, a series of biodegradable shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) containing a novel phenylalanine-derived chain extender PHP were synthesized. Inspired by the fact that the function of biomacromolecules such as proteins is rich and varied because of the multiple combinations of the amino acid in highly evolved biosystems, we found that the sequence distribution of PHP in SMPU would also have a great influence on the phase structure and degradation behavior, especially the difference of surface morphology caused by degradation. Considering that the transition temperature (Ttrans ) of SMPU we obtained is higher than physiological temperature, oxidized carbon black (OCB) with the ability of photothermal conversion was introduced into SMPU, which can not only endow SMPU with near-infrared response shape recovery characteristics, but also enhance phase separation degree and mechanical properties of them. SMPU/OCB composites show excellent shape memory effect and rapid photothermal response, and they can be degraded by chymotrypsin with an adjustable degradation rate. These SMPU/OCB composites show broad potential for application as intestinal stents. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Nijia Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Xin Li
- Zhengzhou Research Institute for Abrasives & Grinding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Feng Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiehua Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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47
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Basak S, Bandyopadhyay A. Styrene‐butadiene‐styrene
‐based shape memory polymers: Evolution and the current state of art. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Basak
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology University of Calcutta Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Abhijit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology University of Calcutta Kolkata West Bengal India
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48
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Taylor JM, Luan H, Lewis JA, Rogers JA, Nuzzo RG, Braun PV. Biomimetic and Biologically Compliant Soft Architectures via 3D and 4D Assembly Methods: A Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108391. [PMID: 35233865 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in soft material chemistry and enabling methods of 3D and 4D fabrication-emerging programmable material designs and associated assembly methods for the construction of complex functional structures-is highlighted. The underlying advances in this science allow the creation of soft material architectures with properties and shapes that programmably vary with time. The ability to control composition from the molecular to the macroscale is highlighted-most notably through examples that focus on biomimetic and biologically compliant soft materials. Such advances, when coupled with the ability to program material structure and properties across multiple scales via microfabrication, 3D printing, or other assembly techniques, give rise to responsive (4D) architectures. The challenges and prospects for progress in this emerging field in terms of its capacities for integrating chemistry, form, and function are described in the context of exemplary soft material systems demonstrating important but heretofore difficult-to-realize biomimetic and biologically compliant behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Taylor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ralph G Nuzzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinasväg 51, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Li M, Pal A, Aghakhani A, Pena-Francesch A, Sitti M. Soft actuators for real-world applications. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:235-249. [PMID: 35474944 PMCID: PMC7612659 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by physically adaptive, agile, reconfigurable and multifunctional soft-bodied animals and human muscles, soft actuators have been developed for a variety of applications, including soft grippers, artificial muscles, wearables, haptic devices and medical devices. However, the complex performance of biological systems cannot yet be fully replicated in synthetic designs. In this Review, we discuss new materials and structural designs for the engineering of soft actuators with physical intelligence and advanced properties, such as adaptability, multimodal locomotion, self-healing and multi-responsiveness. We examine how performance can be improved and multifunctionality implemented by using programmable soft materials, and highlight important real-world applications of soft actuators. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for next-generation soft actuators, including physical intelligence, adaptability, manufacturing scalability and reproducibility, extended lifetime and end-of-life strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aniket Pal
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amirreza Aghakhani
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Abdon Pena-Francesch
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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50
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Qian X, Ostwal M, Asatekin A, Geise GM, Smith ZP, Phillip WA, Lively RP, McCutcheon JR. A critical review and commentary on recent progress of additive manufacturing and its impact on membrane technology. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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