1
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Chaitoglou S, Klini A, Papakosta N, Ma Y, Amade R, Loukakos P, Bertran-Serra E. Processing and Functionalization of Vertical Graphene Nanowalls by Laser Irradiation. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3779-3784. [PMID: 38552645 PMCID: PMC11017314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The processing of vertical graphene nanowalls (VGNWs) via laser irradiation is proposed as a means to modulate their physicochemical properties. The effects of the number of applied pulses and fluence of each pulse are examined. Raman spectroscopy studies the effect of irradiation on the chemical structure of the VGNWs. Results show a decrease in density of defects and number of layers, which points toward a mechanism including evaporation of amorphous or loosely bonded C from defective points and recrystallization of graphene. Moreover, the effect of laser irradiation parameters on the morphology of Mo thin films deposited on VGNWs is investigated. The received thermal dosage results in the formation of particles. In this case, the number of pulses and pulse fluence are found to affect the size and distribution of these particles. The study provides a novel approach for the functionalization of VGNWs via laser irradiation, which can be extended to other graphene-based nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Chaitoglou
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès
1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ENPHOCAMAT
Group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Argyro Klini
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology—Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikandra Papakosta
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology—Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Yang Ma
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès
1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ENPHOCAMAT
Group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roger Amade
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès
1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ENPHOCAMAT
Group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Loukakos
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology—Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Enric Bertran-Serra
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès
1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ENPHOCAMAT
Group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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2
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Liu S, Chen Z, Liu Y, Wu L, Wang B, Wang Z, Wu B, Zhang X, Zhang J, Chen M, Huang H, Ye J, Chu PK, Yu XF, Polavarapu L, Hoye RLZ, Gao F, Zhao H. Data-Driven Controlled Synthesis of Oriented Quasi-Spherical CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319480. [PMID: 38317379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Controlled synthesis of lead-halide perovskite crystals is challenging yet attractive because of the pivotal role played by the crystal structure and growth conditions in regulating their properties. This study introduces data-driven strategies for the controlled synthesis of oriented quasi-spherical CsPbBr3, alongside an investigation into the synthesis mechanism. High-throughput rapid characterization of absorption spectra and color under ultraviolet illumination was conducted using 23 possible ligands for the synthesis of CsPbBr3 crystals. The links between the absorption spectra slope (difference in the absorbance at 400 nm and 450 nm divided by a wavelength interval of 50 nm) and crystal size were determined through statistical analysis of more than 100 related publications. Big data analysis and machine learning were employed to investigate a total of 688 absorption spectra and 652 color values, revealing correlations between synthesis parameters and properties. Ex situ characterization confirmed successful synthesis of oriented quasi-spherical CsPbBr3 perovskites using polyvinylpyrrolidone and Acacia. Density functional theory calculations highlighted strong adsorption of Acacia on the (110) facet of CsPbBr3. Optical properties of the oriented quasi-spherical perovskites prepared with these data-driven strategies were significantly improved. This study demonstrates that data-driven controlled synthesis facilitates morphology-controlled perovskites with excellent optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Liu
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Zijian Chen
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, the University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Yingming Liu
- Centre for Photonics Information and Energy Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lingjun Wu
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Bobin Wu
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
| | - Mengyun Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Hao Huang
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
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3
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Liang X, Liu P, Qiu Z, Shen S, Cao F, Zhang Y, Chen M, He X, Xia Y, Wang C, Wan W, Zhang J, Huang H, Gan Y, Xia X, Zhang W. Plasma Technology for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304168. [PMID: 38264940 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
"Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality" is an important strategic goal for the sustainable development of human society. Typically, a key means to achieve these goals is through electrochemical energy storage technologies and materials. In this context, the rational synthesis and modification of battery materials through new technologies play critical roles. Plasma technology, based on the principles of free radical chemistry, is considered a promising alternative for the construction of advanced battery materials due to its inherent advantages such as superior versatility, high reactivity, excellent conformal properties, low consumption and environmental friendliness. In this perspective paper, we discuss the working principle of plasma and its applied research on battery materials based on plasma conversion, deposition, etching, doping, etc. Furthermore, the new application directions of multiphase plasma associated with solid, liquid and gas sources are proposed and their application examples for batteries (e. g. lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, zinc-air batteries) are given. Finally, the current challenges and future development trends of plasma technology are briefly summarized to provide guidance for the next generation of energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611371, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611371, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhong Qiu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611371, China
| | - Shenghui Shen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Engineering Technology, Huzhou College, Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611371, China
| | - Minghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xinping He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yang Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611371, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Wangjun Wan
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yongping Gan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611371, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wenkui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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4
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Wu Z, Wang E, Zhang G, Shen Y, Shao G. Recent Progress of Vertical Graphene: Preparation, Structure Engineering, and Emerging Energy Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307923. [PMID: 38009514 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Vertical graphene (VG) nanosheets have garnered significant attention in the field of electrochemical energy applications, such as supercapacitors, electro-catalysis, and metal-ion batteries. The distinctive structures of VG, including vertically oriented morphology, exposed, and extended edges, and separated few-layer graphene nanosheets, have endowed VG with superior electrode reaction kinetics and mass/electron transportation compared to other graphene-based nanostructures. Therefore, gaining insight into the structure-activity relationship of VG and VG-based materials is crucial for enhancing device performance and expanding their applications in the energy field. In this review, the authors first summarize the fabrication methods of VG structures, including solution-based, and vacuum-based techniques. The study then focuses on structural modulations through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to tailor defects and morphology, aiming to obtain desirable architectures. Additionally, a comprehensive overview of the applications of VG and VG-based hybrids d in the energy field is provided, considering the arrangement and optimization of their structures. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of VG-based energy-related applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Wu
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute (ZMGI), Building 2, Zhongyuanzhigu, Xingyang, Zhengzhou, 450100, China
| | - Erhao Wang
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Gongkai Zhang
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yonglong Shen
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute (ZMGI), Building 2, Zhongyuanzhigu, Xingyang, Zhengzhou, 450100, China
| | - Guosheng Shao
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute (ZMGI), Building 2, Zhongyuanzhigu, Xingyang, Zhengzhou, 450100, China
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5
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Shi F, Jiang J, Wang X, Gao Y, Chen C, Chen G, Dudko N, Nevar AA, Zhang D. Development of plasma technology for the preparation and modification of energy storage materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2700-2715. [PMID: 38352985 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05341e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of energy storage material technologies stands as a decisive measure in optimizing the structure of clean and low-carbon energy systems. The remarkable activity inherent in plasma technology imbues it with distinct advantages in surface modification, functionalization, synthesis, and interface engineering of materials. This review systematically expounds upon the principles, classifications, and application scenarios of plasma technology, while thoroughly discussing its unique merits in the realm of modifying electrode materials, solid-state electrolytes, and conductive carbon materials, which are widely used in lithium-ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, metal air batteries and other fields. Finally, considering the existing constraints associated with lithium-ion batteries, some application prospects of plasma technology in the energy storage field are suggested. This work is of great significance for the development of clean plasma technology in the field of energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchun Shi
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Guorong Chen
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Natallia Dudko
- Head of the Inter-University R&D Marketing Centre Science and Technology Park of BNTU, Minsk 220013, Belarus
| | - Alena A Nevar
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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6
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Sovizi S, Angizi S, Ahmad Alem SA, Goodarzi R, Taji Boyuk MRR, Ghanbari H, Szoszkiewicz R, Simchi A, Kruse P. Plasma Processing and Treatment of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Tuning Properties and Defect Engineering. Chem Rev 2023; 123:13869-13951. [PMID: 38048483 PMCID: PMC10756211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer fascinating opportunities for fundamental nanoscale science and various technological applications. They are a promising platform for next generation optoelectronics and energy harvesting devices due to their exceptional characteristics at the nanoscale, such as tunable bandgap and strong light-matter interactions. The performance of TMD-based devices is mainly governed by the structure, composition, size, defects, and the state of their interfaces. Many properties of TMDs are influenced by the method of synthesis so numerous studies have focused on processing high-quality TMDs with controlled physicochemical properties. Plasma-based methods are cost-effective, well controllable, and scalable techniques that have recently attracted researchers' interest in the synthesis and modification of 2D TMDs. TMDs' reactivity toward plasma offers numerous opportunities to modify the surface of TMDs, including functionalization, defect engineering, doping, oxidation, phase engineering, etching, healing, morphological changes, and altering the surface energy. Here we comprehensively review all roles of plasma in the realm of TMDs. The fundamental science behind plasma processing and modification of TMDs and their applications in different fields are presented and discussed. Future perspectives and challenges are highlighted to demonstrate the prominence of TMDs and the importance of surface engineering in next-generation optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sovizi
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shayan Angizi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Sayed Ali Ahmad Alem
- Chair in
Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversität
Leoben, Leoben 8700, Austria
| | - Reyhaneh Goodarzi
- School of
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran
University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hajar Ghanbari
- School of
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran
University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert Szoszkiewicz
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of
Technology, 14588-89694 Tehran, Iran
- Center for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Convergence Science
& Technology, Sharif University of Technology, 14588-89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Kruse
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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7
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Meškinis Š, Gudaitis R, Vasiliauskas A, Guobienė A, Jankauskas Š, Stankevič V, Keršulis S, Stirkė A, Andriukonis E, Melo W, Vertelis V, Žurauskienė N. Biosensor Based on Graphene Directly Grown by MW-PECVD for Detection of COVID-19 Spike (S) Protein and Its Entry Receptor ACE2. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2373. [PMID: 37630958 PMCID: PMC10458353 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors based on graphene field-effect transistors (G-FET) for detecting COVID-19 spike S protein and its receptor ACE2 were reported. The graphene, directly synthesized on SiO2/Si substrate by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW-PECVD), was used for FET biosensor fabrication. The commercial graphene, CVD-grown on a copper substrate and subsequently transferred onto a glass substrate, was applied for comparison purposes. The graphene structure and surface morphology were studied by Raman scattering spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. Graphene surfaces were functionalized by an aromatic molecule PBASE (1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester), and subsequent immobilization of the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was performed. A microfluidic system was developed, and transfer curves of liquid-gated FET were measured after each graphene surface modification procedure to investigate ACE2 immobilization by varying its concentration and subsequent spike S protein detection. The directly synthesized graphene FET sensitivity to the receptor ACE2, evaluated in terms of the Dirac voltage shift, exceeded the sensitivity of the transferred commercial graphene-based FET. The concentration of the spike S protein was detected in the range of 10 ag/mL up to 10 μg/mL by using a developed microfluidic system and measuring the transfer characteristics of the liquid-gated G-FETs. It was found that the shift of the Dirac voltage depends on the spike S concentration and was 27 mV with saturation at 10 pg/mL for directly synthesized G-FET biosensor, while for transferred G-FET, the maximal shift of 70 mV was obtained at 10 μg/mL with a tendency of saturation at 10 ng/mL. The detection limit as low as 10 ag/mL was achieved for both G-FETs. The sensitivity of the biosensors at spike S concentration of 10 pg/mL measured as relative current change at a constant gate voltage corresponding to the highest transconductance of the G-FETs was found at 5.6% and 8.8% for directly synthesized and transferred graphene biosensors, respectively. Thus, MW-PECVD-synthesized graphene-based biosensor demonstrating high sensitivity and low detection limit has excellent potential for applications in COVID-19 diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šarunas Meškinis
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (A.V.); (A.G.); (Š.J.)
| | - Rimantas Gudaitis
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (A.V.); (A.G.); (Š.J.)
| | - Andrius Vasiliauskas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (A.V.); (A.G.); (Š.J.)
| | - Asta Guobienė
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (A.V.); (A.G.); (Š.J.)
| | - Šarūnas Jankauskas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.G.); (A.V.); (A.G.); (Š.J.)
| | - Voitech Stankevič
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.A.); (W.M.); (V.V.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Skirmantas Keršulis
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.A.); (W.M.); (V.V.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Arūnas Stirkė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.A.); (W.M.); (V.V.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Eivydas Andriukonis
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.A.); (W.M.); (V.V.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Wanessa Melo
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.A.); (W.M.); (V.V.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Vilius Vertelis
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.A.); (W.M.); (V.V.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Nerija Žurauskienė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.S.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (E.A.); (W.M.); (V.V.); (N.Ž.)
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8
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Nithya R, Thirunavukkarasu A, Hemavathy RV, Sivashankar R, Kishore KA, Sabarish R. Functionalized nanofibers in gas sorption process: a critical review on the challenges and prospective research. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:969. [PMID: 37466735 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has become the most important environmental and human health threat as it is accounting for about 7 million deaths across the globe every year. Particulate matter (PM) derived from the combustion of fossil fuels, biomass, and other agricultural residues pollutes the atmospheric air which affects the quality of the environment and poses a great threat to human health. Ecological imbalance, climatic variation, and cardiovascular and respiratory problems among humans are significant extortions due to PM pollution. Scientific approaches were initiated to limit the levels of PM in the atmospheric air and the use of nanofiber mats has received wide attention as these possess versatile properties including nanoscale-sized pore structure, homogeneity in their size distribution with high specific surface area, and low basis weight. To exploit their filtration potential towards wide classes of pollutants and also to enhance the capturing efficacy, functionalized nanofibers are currently in practice with tailor-made modifications on the surface. The present review provides a comprehensive report on the different fabrication processes of functionalized nanofibers along with the controlling factors affecting the efficacy of the gas separation process. Also, it provides technical insights on the mass transfer aspects of PM filtration by elucidation their mechanism which can provide vital information on the rate-controlling diffusive flux(es). Conclusively, the practical challenges encountered in the large-scale air filtration systems such as filter cleaning, flow-rate regulation, pressure drop, and extent of reusability are discussed, and the review has identified potential gaps in the current research and can be considered for the prospective research in the area of PM separation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarathinam Nithya
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - R V Hemavathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - Raja Sivashankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
| | - Kola Anand Kishore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
| | - Radoor Sabarish
- Department of Materials and Production engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology, North Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Boruah A, Roy K, Thakur A, Haldar S, Konwar R, Saikia P, Saikia BK. Biocompatible Nanodiamonds Derived from Coal Washery Rejects: Antioxidant, Antiviral, and Phytotoxic Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11151-11160. [PMID: 37008143 PMCID: PMC10061642 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Coal washery rejects (CWRs) are a major byproduct produced in coal washery industries. We have chemically derived biocompatible nanodiamonds (NDs) from CWRs toward a wide range of biological applications. The average particle sizes of the derived blue-emitting NDs are found to be in the range of 2-3.5 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of the derived NDs depicts the crystalline structure with a d-spacing of 0.218 nm, which is attributed to the 100 lattice plane of a cubic diamond. The Fourier infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data revealed that the NDs are substantially functionalized with oxygen-containing functional groups. Interestingly, the CWR-derived NDs exhibit strong antiviral properties (high inhibition of 99.3% with an IC50 value of 7.664 μg/mL) and moderate antioxidant activity that widen the possibility of biomedical applications. In addition, toxicological effects of NDs on the wheatgrass seed germination and seedling growth showed minimal inhibition (<9%) at the highest tested concentration of 300.0 μg/mL. The study also provides intriguing prospects of CWRs for the creation of novel antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Boruah
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kallol Roy
- Biological
Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashutosh Thakur
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology
and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- Biological
Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prasenjit Saikia
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Binoy K. Saikia
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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10
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Innovations in the synthesis of graphene nanostructures for bio and gas sensors. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213234. [PMID: 36502548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sensors play a significant role in modern technologies and devices used in industries, hospitals, healthcare, nanotechnology, astronomy, and meteorology. Sensors based upon nanostructured materials have gained special attention due to their high sensitivity, precision accuracy, and feasibility. This review discusses the fabrication of graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors, which have highly efficient performance. Significant developments in the synthesis routes to fabricate graphene-based materials with improved structural and surface properties have boosted their utilization in sensing applications. The higher surface area, better conductivity, tunable structure, and atom-thick morphology of these hybrid materials have made them highly desirable for the fabrication of flexible and stable sensors. Many publications have reported various modification approaches to improve the selectivity of these materials. In the current work, a compact and informative review focusing on the most recent developments in graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors has been designed and delivered. The research community has provided a complete critical analysis of the most robust case studies from the latest fabrication routes to the most complex challenges. Some significant ideas and solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations regarding the field of biosensors and hazardous gas sensors.
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11
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Huang J, Huang G, Zhao Z, Wang C, Cui J, Song E, Mei Y. Nanomembrane-assembled nanophotonics and optoelectronics: from materials to applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:093001. [PMID: 36560918 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acabf3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonics and optoelectronics are the keys to the information transmission technology field. The performance of the devices crucially depends on the light-matter interaction, and it is found that three-dimensional (3D) structures may be associated with strong light field regulation for advantageous application. Recently, 3D assembly of flexible nanomembranes has attracted increasing attention in optical field, and novel optoelectronic device applications have been demonstrated with fantastic 3D design. In this review, we first introduce the fabrication of various materials in the form of nanomembranes. On the basis of the deformability of nanomembranes, 3D structures can be built by patterning and release steps. Specifically, assembly methods to build 3D nanomembrane are summarized as rolling, folding, buckling and pick-place methods. Incorporating functional materials and constructing fine structures are two important development directions in 3D nanophotonics and optoelectronics, and we settle previous researches on these two aspects. The extraordinary performance and applicability of 3D devices show the potential of nanomembrane assembly for future optoelectronic applications in multiple areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Enming Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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12
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Shi Z, Ci H, Yang X, Liu Z, Sun J. Direct-Chemical Vapor Deposition-Enabled Graphene for Emerging Energy Storage: Versatility, Essentiality, and Possibility. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11646-11675. [PMID: 35926221 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique has stimulated an enormous scientific and industrial interest to enable the conformal growth of graphene over multifarious substrates, which readily bypasses tedious transfer procedure and empowers innovative materials paradigm. Compared to the prevailing graphene materials (i.e., reduced graphene oxide and liquid-phase exfoliated graphene), the direct-CVD-enabled graphene harnesses appealing structural advantages and physicochemical properties, accordingly playing a pivotal role in the realm of electrochemical energy storage. Despite conspicuous progress achieved in this frontier, a comprehensive overview is still lacking by far and the synthesis-structure-property-application nexus of direct-CVD-enabled graphene remains elusive. In this topical review, rather than simply compiling the state-of-the-art advancements, the versatile roles of direct-CVD-enabled graphene are itemized as (i) modificator, (ii) cultivator, (iii) defender, and (iv) decider. Furthermore, essential effects on the performance optimization are elucidated, with an emphasis on fundamental properties and underlying mechanisms. At the end, perspectives with respect to the material production and device fabrication are sketched, aiming to navigate the future development of direct-CVD-enabled graphene en-route toward pragmatic energy applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiong Shi
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Haina Ci
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhong Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China
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13
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Wu Z, Yu Y, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Guo R, Li L, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Shen Y, Shao G. In Situ Monitored (N, O)-Doping of Flexible Vertical Graphene Films with High-Flux Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Remarkable Metal-Free Redox Catalysis Essential to Alkaline Zinc-Air Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200614. [PMID: 35246956 PMCID: PMC9069200 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have attracted great interests for emerging energy applications. Nevertheless, one of the major bottlenecks lies in the fabrication of bifunctional catalysts with high electrochemical activity, high stability, low cost, and free of precious and rare metals. Herein, a high-performance metal-free bifunctional catalyst is synthesized in a single step by regulating radicals within the recently invented high-flux plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HPECVD) system equipped with in situ plasma diagnostics. Thus-derived (N, O)-doped vertical few-layer graphene film (VGNO) is of high areal population with perfect vertical orientation, tunable catalytic states, and configurations, thus enabling significantly enhanced electrochemical kinetic processes of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with reference to milestone achievements to date. Application of such VGNO to aqueous ZABs (A-ZABs) and flexible solid-state ZABs (S-ZABs) exhibited high discharge power density and excellent cycling stability, which remarkably outperformed ZABs using benchmarked precious-metal based catalysts. The current work provides a solid basis toward developing low-cost, resource-sustainable, and eco-friendly ZABs without using any metals for outstanding OER and ORR catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Wu
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou450001China
- Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute (ZMGI)Building 2, Zhongyuanzhigu, XingyangZhengzhou450100China
| | - Yuran Yu
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou450001China
- Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute (ZMGI)Building 2, Zhongyuanzhigu, XingyangZhengzhou450100China
| | - Gongkai Zhang
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou450001China
| | - Yongshang Zhang
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou450001China
- Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute (ZMGI)Building 2, Zhongyuanzhigu, XingyangZhengzhou450100China
| | - Ruxin Guo
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou450001China
- Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute (ZMGI)Building 2, Zhongyuanzhigu, XingyangZhengzhou450100China
| | - Lu Li
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou450001China
| | - Yige Zhao
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou450001China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou450001China
| | - Yonglong Shen
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou450001China
- Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute (ZMGI)Building 2, Zhongyuanzhigu, XingyangZhengzhou450100China
| | - Guosheng Shao
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM)School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou450001China
- Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute (ZMGI)Building 2, Zhongyuanzhigu, XingyangZhengzhou450100China
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14
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Preparation of a Vertical Graphene-Based Pressure Sensor Using PECVD at a Low Temperature. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050681. [PMID: 35630148 PMCID: PMC9146447 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have received much attention due to their widespread potential applications in electronic skins, health monitoring, and human-machine interfaces. Graphene and its derivatives hold great promise for two-dimensional sensing materials, owing to their superior properties, such as atomically thin, transparent, and flexible structure. The high performance of most graphene-based pressure piezoresistive sensors relies excessively on the preparation of complex, post-growth transfer processes. However, the majority of dielectric substrates cannot hold in high temperatures, which can induce contamination and structural defects. Herein, a credibility strategy is reported for directly growing high-quality vertical graphene (VG) on a flexible and stretchable mica paper dielectric substrate with individual interdigital electrodes in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), which assists in inducing electric field, resulting in a flexible, touchable pressure sensor with low power consumption and portability. Benefitting from its vertically directed graphene microstructure, the graphene-based sensor shows superior properties of high sensitivity (4.84 KPa-1) and a maximum pressure range of 120 KPa, as well as strong stability (5000 cycles), which makes it possible to detect small pulse pressure and provide options for preparation of pressure sensors in the future.
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15
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Potential Directions in the Use of Graphene Nanomaterials in Pharmacology and Biomedicine (Review). Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Aghajanzadeh M, Zamani M, Rajabi Kouchi F, Eixenberger J, Shirini D, Estrada D, Shirini F. Synergic Antitumor Effect of Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy Mediated by Nano Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020322. [PMID: 35214054 PMCID: PMC8880656 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a summary of recent progress in the development of different nano-platforms for the efficient synergistic effect between photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. In particular, this review focuses on various methods in which photosensitizers and chemotherapeutic agents are co-delivered to the targeted tumor site. In many cases, the photosensitizers act as drug carriers, but this review, also covers different types of appropriate nanocarriers that aid in the delivery of photosensitizers to the tumor site. These nanocarriers include transition metal, silica and graphene-based materials, liposomes, dendrimers, polymers, metal–organic frameworks, nano emulsions, and biologically derived nanocarriers. Many studies have demonstrated various benefits from using these nanocarriers including enhanced water solubility, stability, longer circulation times, and higher accumulation of therapeutic agents/photosensitizers at tumor sites. This review also describes novel approaches from different research groups that utilize various targeting strategies to increase treatment efficacy through simultaneous photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Aghajanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 41335-19141, Iran; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mostafa Zamani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 41335-19141, Iran; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Fereshteh Rajabi Kouchi
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (F.R.K.); (D.E.)
| | - Josh Eixenberger
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (F.R.K.); (D.E.)
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Correspondence: (J.E.); or (F.S.)
| | - Dorsa Shirini
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
| | - David Estrada
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (F.R.K.); (D.E.)
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Farhad Shirini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 41335-19141, Iran; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.E.); or (F.S.)
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17
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Meškinis Š, Vasiliauskas A, Guobienė A, Talaikis M, Niaura G, Gudaitis R. The direct growth of planar and vertical graphene on Si(100) via microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition: synthesis conditions effects. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18759-18772. [PMID: 35873323 PMCID: PMC9237919 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02370a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research, graphene was synthesized directly on a Si(100) substrate via combining direct microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and protective enclosure. The graphene flake orientation was controlled using suitable synthesis conditions. We revealed that high processing temperatures and plasma powers promote vertical graphene growth. The main related physical mechanisms were raised temperature gradients, thermal stress, ion bombardment, and elevated electric field effects. Lowering the synthesis temperature and plasma power resulted in planar graphene growth. An elevated synthesis temperature and long deposition time decreased the graphene layer number as the carbon desorption rate increased with temperature. Dominating defect types and their relationships to the graphene growth conditions were revealed. Planar graphene n-type self-doping was found due to substrate-based charge transfer. In the case of vertical graphene, the increased contact area between graphene and air resulted in the adsorption of more molecules, resulting in no doping or p-type doping. In the present research, graphene was synthesized directly on a Si(100) substrate via combining direct microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and protective enclosure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Š. Meškinis
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - A. Vasiliauskas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - A. Guobienė
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - M. Talaikis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - G. Niaura
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - R. Gudaitis
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
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18
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Men YL, Liu P, Meng XY, Pan YX. Recent progresses in material fabrication and modification by cold plasma technique. FIREPHYSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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19
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Wu S, Huang D, Yu H, Tian S, Malik A, Luo T, Xiong G. Molecular Understanding of the Effect of Hydrogen on Graphene Growth by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10297-10304. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04510e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) provides a low-temperature, highly-efficient, and catalyst-free route to fabricate graphene materials by virtue of the unique properties of plasma. In this paper, we conduct reactive...
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20
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Lou Z, Wang Q, Kara UI, Mamtani RS, Zhou X, Bian H, Yang Z, Li Y, Lv H, Adera S, Wang X. Biomass-Derived Carbon Heterostructures Enable Environmentally Adaptive Wideband Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:11. [PMID: 34862949 PMCID: PMC8643388 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although advances in wireless technologies such as miniature and wearable electronics have improved the quality of our lives, the ubiquitous use of electronics comes at the expense of increased exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Up to date, extensive efforts have been made to develop high-performance EM absorbers based on synthetic materials. However, the design of an EM absorber with both exceptional EM dissipation ability and good environmental adaptability remains a substantial challenge. Here, we report the design of a class of carbon heterostructures via hierarchical assembly of graphitized lignocellulose derived from bamboo. Specifically, the assemblies of nanofibers and nanosheets behave as a nanometer-sized antenna, which results in an enhancement of the conductive loss. In addition, we show that the composition of cellulose and lignin in the precursor significantly influences the shape of the assembly and the formation of covalent bonds, which affect the dielectric response-ability and the surface hydrophobicity (the apparent contact angle of water can reach 135°). Finally, we demonstrate that the obtained carbon heterostructure maintains its wideband EM absorption with an effective absorption frequency ranging from 12.5 to 16.7 GHz under conditions that simulate the real-world environment, including exposure to rainwater with slightly acidic/alkaline pH values. Overall, the advances reported in this work provide new design principles for the synthesis of high-performance EM absorbers that can find practical applications in real-world environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Lou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ufuoma I Kara
- Willian G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rajdeep S Mamtani
- Willian G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaodi Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Sciences, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanjun Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hualiang Lv
- Willian G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Solomon Adera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Willian G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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21
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Effect of Substrate Types on the Structure of Vertical Graphene Prepared by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051268. [PMID: 34065870 PMCID: PMC8150807 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the structure of vertical graphene (VG) is important for various applications, the growth mechanism of VG is not yet fully clear. Here, the impacts of electrical conductivity of substrate on the morphology and structure of VG prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition are studied by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that VG with greater thickness can be grown on substrate with better electrical conductivity in the same growth time. Even though longer deposition time leads to more VG, more defects might develop in VG, especially at the position furthest away from the substrates. The change of morphology and structure of VG is closely correlated with strength of electric field near the substrate surface, which offers a new approach for orderly growing of VG. The discoveries not only shed light on the growth mechanism of VG, but also are beneficial for promoting the applications of VG.
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Jin J, Ding J, Wang X, Hong C, Wu H, Sun M, Cao X, Lu C, Liu A. High mass loading flower-like MnO 2 on NiCo 2O 4 deposited graphene/nickel foam as high-performance electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16161-16172. [PMID: 35479179 PMCID: PMC9030704 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10948g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of high mass loading MnO2 on electrochemical electrodes of supercapacitors is currently challenging due to the poor electrical conductivity and elongated electron/ion transport distance. In this paper, a NiCo2O4/MnO2 heterostructure was built on the surface of three-dimensional graphene/nickel foam (GNF) by a hydrothermal method. The petal structured NiCo2O4 loaded on graphene played a wonderful role as a supporting framework, which provided more space for the growth of high mass loading MnO2 microflowers, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the active material MnO2. The GNF@NiCo2O4/MnO2 composite was used as a positive electrode and achieved a high areal capacitance of 1630.5 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2 in the neutral Na2SO4 solution. The asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with the GNF@NiCo2O4/MnO2 positive electrode and activated carbon negative electrode possessed a wide voltage window (2.1 V) and splendid energy density (45.9 Wh kg-1), which was attributed to the satisfactory electroactive area, low resistance, quick mass diffusion and ion transport caused by high mass loading MnO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China .,Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Jie Ding
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China .,Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Xing Wang
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Congcong Hong
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Huaping Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China .,Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China .,Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Xiehong Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Congda Lu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China .,Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Aiping Liu
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
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23
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Speranza G. Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Functionalization and Sensing Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:967. [PMID: 33918769 PMCID: PMC8069879 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanomaterial design and synthesis has resulted in robust sensing systems that display superior analytical performance. The use of nanomaterials within sensors has accelerated new routes and opportunities for the detection of analytes or target molecules. Among others, carbon-based sensors have reported biocompatibility, better sensitivity, better selectivity and lower limits of detection to reveal a wide range of organic and inorganic molecules. Carbon nanomaterials are among the most extensively studied materials because of their unique properties spanning from the high specific surface area, high carrier mobility, high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and optical transparency fostering their use in sensing applications. In this paper, a comprehensive review has been made to cover recent developments in the field of carbon-based nanomaterials for sensing applications. The review describes nanomaterials like fullerenes, carbon onions, carbon quantum dots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Synthesis of these nanostructures has been discussed along with their functionalization methods. The recent application of all these nanomaterials in sensing applications has been highlighted for the principal applicative field and the future prospects and possibilities have been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Speranza
- CMM—FBK, v. Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy;
- IFN—CNR, CSMFO Lab., via alla Cascata 56/C Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, v. Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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25
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Lu CH, Leu CM, Yeh NC. Single-Step Direct Growth of Graphene on Cu Ink toward Flexible Hybrid Electronic Applications by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6951-6959. [PMID: 33525878 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly customized and free-formed products in flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) require direct pattern creation such as inkjet printing (IJP) to accelerate product development. In this work, we demonstrate the direct growth of graphene on Cu ink deposited on polyimide (PI) by means of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), which provides simultaneous reduction, sintering, and passivation of the Cu ink and further reduces its resistivity. We investigate the PECVD growth conditions for optimizing the graphene quality on Cu ink and find that the defect characteristics of graphene are sensitive to the H2/CH4 ratio at higher total gas pressure during the growth. The morphology of Cu ink after the PECVD process and the dependence of the graphene quality on the H2/CH4 ratio may be attributed to the difference in the corresponding electron temperature. Therefore, this study paves a new pathway toward efficient growth of high-quality graphene on Cu ink for applications in flexible electronics and Internet of Things (IoT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chyi-Ming Leu
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chang Yeh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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26
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Zhang SN, Arfaei B, Chen Z. Friction force reduction for electrical terminals using graphene coating. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:035704. [PMID: 33007766 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbddc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-layer graphene, serving as a conductive solid lubricant, is coated on the metal surface of electrical terminals. This graphene layer reduces the wear and the friction between two sliding metal surfaces while maintaining the same level of electrical conduction when a pair of terminals engage. The friction between the metal surfaces was tested under dry sliding in a cyclical insertion process with and without the graphene coating. Comprehensive characterizations were performed on the terminals to examine the insertion effects on graphene using scanning electron microscopy, four-probe resistance characterization, lateral force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. With the thin graphene layers grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on gold (Au) and silver (Ag) terminals, the insertional forces can be reduced by 74 % and 34 % after the first cycle and 79 % and 32 % after the 10th cycle of terminal engagement compared with pristine Au and Ag terminals. The resistance of engaged terminals remains almost unchanged with the graphene coating. Graphene stays on the terminals to prevent wear-out during the cyclic insertional process and survives the industrial standardized reliability test through high humidity and thermal cycling with almost no change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suki N Zhang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States of America
| | - Babak Arfaei
- Ford Greenfield Labs, Ford Motor Company, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, United States of America
| | - Zhihong Chen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States of America
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27
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Mbayachi VB, Ndayiragije E, Sammani T, Taj S, Mbuta ER, khan AU. Graphene synthesis, characterization and its applications: A review. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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28
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Wang W, Hou Y, Martinez D, Kurniawan D, Chiang WH, Bartolo P. Carbon Nanomaterials for Electro-Active Structures: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2946. [PMID: 33317211 PMCID: PMC7764097 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electrically conductive materials to impart electrical properties to substrates for cell attachment proliferation and differentiation represents an important strategy in the field of tissue engineering. This paper discusses the concept of electro-active structures and their roles in tissue engineering, accelerating cell proliferation and differentiation, consequently leading to tissue regeneration. The most relevant carbon-based materials used to produce electro-active structures are presented, and their main advantages and limitations are discussed in detail. Particular emphasis is put on the electrically conductive property, material synthesis and their applications on tissue engineering. Different technologies, allowing the fabrication of two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures in a controlled way, are also presented. Finally, challenges for future research are highlighted. This review shows that electrical stimulation plays an important role in modulating the growth of different types of cells. As highlighted, carbon nanomaterials, especially graphene and carbon nanotubes, have great potential for fabricating electro-active structures due to their exceptional electrical and surface properties, opening new routes for more efficient tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Yanhao Hou
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Dean Martinez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei E2-514, Taiwan; (D.M.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Darwin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei E2-514, Taiwan; (D.M.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei E2-514, Taiwan; (D.M.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.H.); (P.B.)
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29
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Abstract
Graphene, a 2D carbon structure, due to its unique materials characteristics for energy storage applications has grasped the considerable attention of scientists. The highlighted properties of this material with a mechanically robust and highly conductive nature have opened new opportunities for different energy storage systems such as Li-S (lithium-sulfur), Li-ion batteries, and metal-air batteries. It is necessary to understand the intrinsic properties of graphene materials to widen its large-scale applications in energy storage systems. In this review, different routes of graphene synthesis were investigated using chemical, thermal, plasma, and other methods along with their advantages and disadvantages. Apart from this, the applications of N-doped graphene in energy storage devices were discussed.
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30
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Camphor-Based CVD Bilayer Graphene/Si Heterostructures for Self-Powered and Broadband Photodetection. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090812. [PMID: 32867054 PMCID: PMC7570377 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a self-powered and broadband photodetector using a heterojunction formed by camphor-based chemical vaper deposition (CVD) bilayer graphene on p-Si substrates. Here, graphene/p-Si heterostructures and graphene layers serve as ultra-shallow junctions for UV absorption and zero bandgap junction materials (<Si bandgap (1.1 eV)) for long-wave near-infrared (LWNIR) absorption, respectively. According to the Raman spectra and large-area (16 × 16 μm2) Raman mapping, a low-defect, >95% coverage bilayer and high-uniformity graphene were successfully obtained by camphor-based CVD processes. Furthermore, the carrier mobility of the camphor-based CVD bilayer graphene at room temperature is 1.8 × 103 cm2/V·s. Due to the incorporation of camphor-based CVD graphene, the graphene/p-Si Schottky junctions show a good rectification property (rectification ratio of ~110 at ± 2 V) and good performance as a self-powered (under zero bias) photodetector from UV to LWNIR. The photocurrent to dark current ratio (PDCR) value is up to 230 at 0 V under white light illumination, and the detectivity (D*) is 8 × 1012 cmHz1/2/W at 560 nm. Furthermore, the photodetector (PD) response/decay time (i.e., rise/fall time) is ~118/120 μs. These results support the camphor-based CVD bilayer graphene/Si Schottky PDs for use in self-powered and ultra-broadband light detection in the future.
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31
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Saeed M, Alshammari Y, Majeed SA, Al-Nasrallah E. Chemical Vapour Deposition of Graphene-Synthesis, Characterisation, and Applications: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3856. [PMID: 32854226 PMCID: PMC7503287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene as the 2D material with extraordinary properties has attracted the interest of research communities to master the synthesis of this remarkable material at a large scale without sacrificing the quality. Although Top-Down and Bottom-Up approaches produce graphene of different quality, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) stands as the most promising technique. This review details the leading CVD methods for graphene growth, including hot-wall, cold-wall and plasma-enhanced CVD. The role of process conditions and growth substrates on the nucleation and growth of graphene film are thoroughly discussed. The essential characterisation techniques in the study of CVD-grown graphene are reported, highlighting the characteristics of a sample which can be extracted from those techniques. This review also offers a brief overview of the applications to which CVD-grown graphene is well-suited, drawing particular attention to its potential in the sectors of energy and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saeed
- Energy and Building Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
| | - Yousef Alshammari
- Waikato Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;
| | - Shereen A. Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Eissa Al-Nasrallah
- Energy and Building Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
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32
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Alancherry S, Bazaka K, Levchenko I, Al-Jumaili A, Kandel B, Alex A, Robles Hernandez FC, Varghese OK, Jacob MV. Fabrication of Nano-Onion-Structured Graphene Films from Citrus sinensis Extract and Their Wetting and Sensing Characteristics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29594-29604. [PMID: 32500707 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives have acquired substantial research attention in recent years because of their wide range of potential applications. Implementing sustainable technologies for fabricating these functional nanomaterials is becoming increasingly apparent, and therefore, a wide spectrum of naturally derived precursors has been identified and reformed through various established techniques for the purpose. Nevertheless, most of these methods could only be considered partially sustainable because of their complexity as well as high energy, time, and resource requirements. Here, we report the fabrication of carbon nano-onion-interspersed vertically oriented multilayer graphene nanosheets through a single-step, environmentally benign radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process from a low-cost carbon feedstock, the oil from the peel of Citrus sinensis orange fruits. C. sinensis essential oil is a volatile aroma liquid principally composed of nonsynthetic hydrocarbon limonene. Transmission electron microscopy studies on the structure unveiled the presence of hollow quasi-spherical carbon nano-onion-like structures incorporated within graphene layers. The as-fabricated nano-onion-incorporated graphene films exhibited a highly hydrophobic nature showing a water contact angle of up to 1290. The surface energies of these films were in the range of 41 to 35 mJ·m-2. Moreover, a chemiresistive sensor directly fabricated using C. sinensis-derived onion-structured graphene showed a p-type semiconductor nature and a promising response to acetone at room temperature. With its unique morphology, surface properties, and electrical characteristics, this material is expected to be useful for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjith Alancherry
- Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Kateryna Bazaka
- Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Igor Levchenko
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Plasma Sources and Application Centre/Space Propulsion Centre Singapore, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Ahmed Al-Jumaili
- Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Bigyan Kandel
- Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Aaron Alex
- Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Francisco C Robles Hernandez
- Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Oomman K Varghese
- Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Mohan V Jacob
- Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Jeong S, Moon YK, Kim T, Park S, Kim KB, Kang YC, Lee J. A New Strategy for Detecting Plant Hormone Ethylene Using Oxide Semiconductor Chemiresistors: Exceptional Gas Selectivity and Response Tailored by Nanoscale Cr 2O 3 Catalytic Overlayer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903093. [PMID: 32274308 PMCID: PMC7141008 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective and sensitive detection of the plant hormone ethylene, particularly at low concentrations, is essential for controlling the growth, development, and senescence of plants, as well as for ripening of fruits. However, this remains challenging because of the non-polarity and low reactivity of ethylene. Herein, a strategy for detecting ethylene at a sub-ppm-level is proposed by using oxide semiconductor chemiresistors with a nanoscale oxide catalytic overlayer. The SnO2 sensor coated with the nanoscale catalytic Cr2O3 overlayer exhibits rapid sensing kinetics, good stability, and an unprecedentedly high ethylene selectivity with exceptional gas response (R a/R g - 1, where R a represents the resistance in air and R g represents the resistance in gas) of 16.8 at an ethylene concentration of 2.5 ppm at 350 °C. The sensing mechanism underlying the ultraselective and highly sensitive ethylene detection in the unique bilayer sensor is systematically investigated with regard to the location, configuration, and thickness of the catalytic Cr2O3 overlayer. The mechanism involves the effective catalytic oxidation of interfering gases into less- or non-reactive species, without limiting the analyte gas transport. The sensor exhibits a promising potential for achieving a precise quantitative assessment of the ripening of five different fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong‐Yong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kook Moon
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Hyung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Sei‐Woong Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Beom Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Heun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
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Wan C, Jiao Y, Li X, Tian W, Li J, Wu Y. A multi-dimensional and level-by-level assembly strategy for constructing flexible and sandwich-type nanoheterostructures for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:3308-3316. [PMID: 31974542 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09087h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To shield against massive electromagnetic pollution and meet increasing demand in portable electronics, the development of flexible, lightweight and high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with good environmental friendliness is an urgent but still challenging need. Herein, a creative multi-dimensional and level-by-level assembly strategy is proposed to construct free-standing and sandwich-type nanoheterostructures consisting of flexible cotton-derived carbon fibers (CFs), magnetic and conductive nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) and highly conductive and large-surface-area dandelion-like graphene (DLG), via a high-precision combination technology of magnetron sputtering-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The multiple spatial-scale DLG/Ni NPs/CF composites achieve a remarkable conductivity of 625 S m-1 and an outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness of ∼50.6 dB in the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) which can be classified as attenuation levels of "AAAA" for professional use. The dielectric loss from multiple polarizations is principally responsible for the electromagnetic loss of the composites. Besides, the large surface area of heterogeneous interfaces and defects in DLG contribute to enhancing the amount of polarization. In addition, the ultrathin and ultralight composites (d = 0.65 mm, ρ = 113 mg cm-3) can be bent, twisted and folded, revealing their excellent processability for commercial uses. More importanly, this novel structural design concept opens up an interesting promising research field of novel next-generation EMI shielding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caichao Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China.
| | - Yue Jiao
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xianjun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China.
| | - Wenyan Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China.
| | - Jian Li
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China.
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35
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Abstract
At the biointerface where materials and microorganisms meet, the organic and synthetic worlds merge into a new science that directs the design and safe use of synthetic materials for biological applications. Vapor deposition techniques provide an effective way to control the material properties of these biointerfaces with molecular-level precision that is important for biomaterials to interface with bacteria. In recent years, biointerface research that focuses on bacteria-surface interactions has been primarily driven by the goals of killing bacteria (antimicrobial) and fouling prevention (antifouling). Nevertheless, vapor deposition techniques have the potential to create biointerfaces with features that can manipulate and dictate the behavior of bacteria rather than killing or deterring them. In this review, we focus on recent advances in antimicrobial and antifouling biointerfaces produced through vapor deposition and provide an outlook on opportunities to capitalize on the features of these techniques to find unexplored connections between surface features and microbial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B. Donadt
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rong Yang
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Kumar S, Martin P, Bendavid A, Bell J, Ostrikov K(K. Oriented Graphenes from Plasma-Reformed Coconut Oil for Supercapacitor Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121679. [PMID: 31775248 PMCID: PMC6955731 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of vertical graphene nanosheet (VGN) electrodes for energy storage in supercapacitors has long been desired yet remains challenging, mostly because of insufficient control of nanosheet stacking, density, surface functionality, and reactivity. Here, we report a single-step, scalable, and environment-friendly plasma-assisted process for the fabrication of densely packed yet accessible surfaces of forested VGNs (F-VGNs) using coconut oil as precursor. The morphology of F-VGNs could be controlled from a continuous thick structure to a hierarchical, cauliflower-like structure that was accessible by the electrolyte ions. The surface of individual F-VGNs was slightly oxygenated, while their interior remained oxygen-free. The fabricated thick (>10 μm) F-VGN electrodes presented specific capacitance up to 312 F/g at a voltage scan rate of 10 mV/s and 148 F/g at 500 mV/s with >99% retention after 1000 cycles. This versatile approach suggests realistic opportunities for further improvements, potentially leading to the integration of F-VGN electrodes in next-generation energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; (S.K.); (J.B.)
- QUT-CSIRO Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratories, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
| | - Phil Martin
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia; (P.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Avi Bendavid
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia; (P.M.); (A.B.)
| | - John Bell
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; (S.K.); (J.B.)
- QUT-CSIRO Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratories, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; (S.K.); (J.B.)
- QUT-CSIRO Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratories, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3138-7659
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Zhai Z, Leng B, Yang N, Yang B, Liu L, Huang N, Jiang X. Rational Construction of 3D-Networked Carbon Nanowalls/Diamond Supporting CuO Architecture for High-Performance Electrochemical Biosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901527. [PMID: 31074930 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous demands for highly sensitive and selective nonenzymatic electrochemical biosensors have motivated intensive research on advanced electrode materials with high electrocatalytic activity. Herein, the 3D-networked CuO@carbon nanowalls/diamond (C/D) architecture is rationally designed, and it demonstrates wide linear range (0.5 × 10-6 -4 × 10-3 m), high sensitivity (1650 µA cm-2 mm-1 ), and low detection limit (0.5 × 10-6 m), together with high selectivity, great long-term stability, and good reproducibility in glucose determination. The outstanding performance of the CuO@C/D electrode can be ascribed to the synergistic effect coming from high-electrocatalytic-activity CuO nanoparticles and 3D-networked conductive C/D film. The C/D film is composed of carbon nanowalls and diamond nanoplatelets; and owing to the large surface area, accessible open surfaces, and high electrical conduction, it works as an excellent transducer, greatly accelerating the mass- and charge-transport kinetics of electrocatalytic reaction on the CuO biorecognition element. Besides, the vertical aligned diamond nanoplatelet scaffolds could improve structural and mechanical stability of the designed electrode in long-term performance. The excellent CuO@C/D electrode promises potential application in practical glucose detection, and the strategy proposed here can also be extended to construct other biorecognition elements on the 3D-networked conductive C/D transducer for various high-performance nonenzymatic electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Zhai
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No.72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, No.72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bing Leng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, No.9-11 Paul-Bonatz-Str., Siegen, 57076, Germany
| | - Bing Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No.72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lusheng Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No.72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No.72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No.72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, No.9-11 Paul-Bonatz-Str., Siegen, 57076, Germany
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Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial composed of 1-10 layers of carbon atoms in a honeycomb lattice. It has been 15 years since the first isolation of few-layer graphene from graphite by the Scotch Tape method. Worldwide research efforts on graphene have been rewarded with enormous breakthroughs in fundamental science and innovative applications. To achieve an influential impact on society, graphene must be manufactured at large scales, be superior to existing products, and be safe to use. In this Perspective, we highlight relevant issues in the quest for commercialization of graphene-containing products. We showcase achievements in improving graphene synthesis while also discussing concerns regarding graphene standardization and graphene's impact on the environment and human health.
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Qian O, Lin D, Zhao X, Han F. Vertically Oriented Grid-like Reduced Graphene Oxide for Ultrahigh Power Supercapacitor. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ou Qian
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dou Lin
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xianglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Fangming Han
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
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Neumaier D, Pindl S, Lemme MC. Integrating graphene into semiconductor fabrication lines. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:525-529. [PMID: 31114067 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Max C Lemme
- AMO GmbH, Aachen, Germany
- Chair for Electronic Devices, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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41
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Yeh NC, Hsu CC, Bagley J, Tseng WS. Single-step growth of graphene and graphene-based nanostructures by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:162001. [PMID: 30634178 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aafdbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The realization of many promising technological applications of graphene and graphene-based nanostructures depends on the availability of reliable, scalable, high-yield and low-cost synthesis methods. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has been a versatile technique for synthesizing many carbon-based materials, because PECVD provides a rich chemical environment, including a mixture of radicals, molecules and ions from hydrocarbon precursors, which enables graphene growth on a variety of material surfaces at lower temperatures and faster growth than typical thermal chemical vapor deposition. Here we review recent advances in the PECVD techniques for synthesis of various graphene and graphene-based nanostructures, including horizontal growth of monolayer and multilayer graphene sheets, vertical growth of graphene nanostructures such as graphene nanostripes with large aspect ratios, direct and selective deposition of monolayer and multi-layer graphene on nanostructured substrates, and growth of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. By properly controlling the gas environment of the plasma, it is found that no active heating is necessary for the PECVD growth processes, and that high-yield growth can take place in a single step on a variety of surfaces, including metallic, semiconducting and insulating materials. Phenomenological understanding of the growth mechanisms are described. Finally, challenges and promising outlook for further development in the PECVD techniques for graphene-based applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chang Yeh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America. Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
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Deng B, Liu Z, Peng H. Toward Mass Production of CVD Graphene Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1800996. [PMID: 30277604 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is considered to be an efficient method for fabricating large-area and high-quality graphene films due to its excellent controllability and scalability. Great efforts have been made to control the growth of graphene to achieve large domain sizes, uniform layers, fast growth, and low synthesis temperatures. Some attempts have been made by both the scientific community and startup companies to mass produce graphene films; however, there is a large difference in the quality of graphene synthesized on a laboratory scale and an industrial scale. Here, recent progress toward the mass production of CVD graphene films is summarized, including the manufacturing process, equipment, and critical process parameters. Moreover, the large-scale homogeneity of graphene films and fast characterization methods are also discussed, which are crucial for quality control in mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100094, China
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44
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Properties of Nitrogen/Silicon Doped Vertically Oriented Graphene Produced by ICP CVD Roll-to-Roll Technology. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous mass production of high quality vertically oriented graphene nanostructures and doping them by using an inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP CVD) is a technological problem because little is understood about their growth mechanism over enlarged surfaces. We introduce a new method that combines the ICP CVD with roll-to-roll technology to enable the in-situ preparation of vertically oriented graphene by using propane as a precursor gas and nitrogen or silicon as dopants. This new technology enables preparation of vertically oriented graphene with distinct morphology and composition on a moving copper foil substrate at a lower cost. The technological parameters such as deposition time (1–30 min), gas partial pressure, composition of the gas mixture (propane, argon, nitrogen or silane), heating treatment (1–60 min) and temperature (350–500 °C) were varied to reveal the nanostructure growth, the evolution of its morphology and heteroatom’s intercalation by nitrogen or silicon. Unique nanostructures were examined by FE-SEM microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray scattering techniques. The undoped and nitrogen- or silicon-doped nanostructures can be prepared with the full area coverage of the copper substrate on industrially manufactured surface defects. Longer deposition time (30 min, 450 °C) causes carbon amorphization and an increased fraction of sp3-hybridized carbon, leading to enlargement of vertically oriented carbonaceous nanostructures and growth of pillars.
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Seman RNAR, Azam MA, Ani MH. Graphene/transition metal dichalcogenides hybrid supercapacitor electrode: status, challenges, and perspectives. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:502001. [PMID: 30248022 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae3da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitors, based on fast ion transportation, are among the most promising energy storage solutions that can deliver fast charging-discharging within seconds and exhibit excellent cycling stability. The development of a good electrode material is one of the key factors in enhancing supercapacitor performance. Graphene (G), an allotrope of carbon that consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, elicits research attention among scientists in the field of energy storage due to its remarkable properties, such as outstanding electrical conductivity, good chemical stability, and excellent mechanical behavior. Furthermore, numerous studies focus on 2D materials that are analogous to graphene as electrode supercapacitors, including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Recently, scientists and researchers are exploring TMDs because of the distinct features that make 2D TMDs highly attractive for capacitive energy storage. This study provides an overview of the structure, properties, synthesis methods, and electrochemical performance of G/TMD supercapacitors. Furthermore, the combination of G and TMDs to develop a hybrid structure may increase their energy density by introducing an asymmetric supercapacitor system. We will also discuss the future prospect of this system in the energy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Noor Amalina Raja Seman
- Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Advanced Manufacturing Centre, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
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46
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Song I, Park Y, Cho H, Choi HC. Transfer‐Free, Large‐Scale Growth of High‐Quality Graphene on Insulating Substrate by Physical Contact of Copper Foil. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Intek Song
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic SystemsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) 77 Cheongam-ro Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Yohwan Park
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic SystemsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) 77 Cheongam-ro Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Cho
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic SystemsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) 77 Cheongam-ro Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Hee Cheul Choi
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic SystemsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) 77 Cheongam-ro Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea
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47
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Oriented Carbon Nanostructures by Plasma Processing: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9110565. [PMID: 30715064 PMCID: PMC6265782 DOI: 10.3390/mi9110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon, one of the most abundant materials, is very attractive for many applications because it exists in a variety of forms based on dimensions, such as zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and-three dimensional (3D). Carbon nanowall (CNW) is a vertically-oriented 2D form of a graphene-like structure with open boundaries, sharp edges, nonstacking morphology, large interlayer spacing, and a huge surface area. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is widely used for the large-scale synthesis and functionalization of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) with different types of plasma activation. Plasma-enhanced techniques open up possibilities to improve the structure and morphology of CNWs by controlling the plasma discharge parameters. Plasma-assisted surface treatment on CNWs improves their stability against structural degradation and surface chemistry with enhanced electrical and chemical properties. These advantages broaden the applications of CNWs in electrochemical energy storage devices, catalysis, and electronic devices and sensing devices to extremely thin black body coatings. However, the controlled growth of CNWs for specific applications remains a challenge. In these aspects, this review discusses the growth of CNWs using different plasma activation, the influence of various plasma-discharge parameters, and plasma-assisted surface treatment techniques for tailoring the properties of CNWs. The challenges and possibilities of CNW-related research are also discussed.
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48
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Song I, Park Y, Cho H, Choi HC. Transfer-Free, Large-Scale Growth of High-Quality Graphene on Insulating Substrate by Physical Contact of Copper Foil. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15374-15378. [PMID: 30267452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High-quality, large-area, single-layer graphene was directly grown on top of a quartz substrate by a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process using Cu vapor as a catalyst. In this process, continuous generation and supply of highly concentrated Cu vapor is the key to the growth of large-scale, high-quality graphene. It was achieved by direct physical contact, or "touch-down," of a Cu foil with an underlying sacrificial SiO2 /Si substrate, and the target quartz substrate was placed on top of the Cu foil, eventually having a quartz/Cu/SiO2 /Si sandwich structure. To establish the reaction mechanism, a test growth was performed without the quartz substrate, which revealed that Cu is diffused through the SiO2 layer of the sacrificial SiO2 /Si substrate to form liquid-phase Cu-Si alloy that emits massive Cu vapor. This Cu vapor catalyzes thermal decomposition of supplied CH4 gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intek Song
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Yohwan Park
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Cho
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hee Cheul Choi
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Korea
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Sanger A, Kang SB, Jeong MH, Im MJ, Choi IY, Kim CU, Lee H, Kwon YM, Baik JM, Jang HW, Choi KJ. Morphology-Controlled Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanofibers for Highly Sensitive NO 2 Sensors with Full Recovery at Room Temperature. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800816. [PMID: 30250810 PMCID: PMC6145242 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature (RT) gas sensitivity of morphology-controlled free-standing hollow aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanofibers for NO2 gas sensors is presented. The free-standing hollow nanofibers are fabricated using a polyvinylpyrrolidone fiber template electrospun on a copper electrode frame followed by radio-frequency sputtering of an AZO thin overlayer and heat treatment at 400 °C to burn off the polymer template. The thickness of the AZO layer is controlled by the deposition time. The gas sensor based on the hollow nanofibers demonstrates fully recoverable n-type RT sensing of low concentrations of NO2 (0.5 ppm). A gas sensor fabricated with Al2O3-filled AZO nanofibers exhibits no gas sensitivity below 75 °C. The gas sensitivity of a sensor is determined by the density of molecules above the minimum energy for adsorption, collision frequency of gas molecules with the surface, and available adsorption sites. Based on finite-difference time-domain simulations, the RT sensitivity of hollow nanofiber sensors is ascribed to the ten times higher collision frequency of NO2 molecules confined inside the fiber compared to the outer surface, as well as twice the surface area of hollow nanofibers compared to the filled ones. This approach might lead to the realization of RT sensitive gas sensors with 1D nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sanger
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKIST‐UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bum Kang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKIST‐UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hoon Jeong
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKIST‐UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Im
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKIST‐UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKIST‐UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ul Kim
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKIST‐UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungmin Lee
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKIST‐UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Min Kwon
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKIST‐UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Baik
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKIST‐UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringResearch Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Choi
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKIST‐UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
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Shavelkina MB, Amirov RK, Alikhanov NR, Vakhitov IR, Shatalova TB. Continuous Synthesis of Hydrogenated Graphene in Thermal Plasma. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476618040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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