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Sung J, Chung S, Jang Y, Jang H, Kim J, Lee C, Lee D, Jeong D, Cho K, Kim YS, Kang J, Lee W, Lee E. Unveiling the Role of Side Chain for Improving Nonvolatile Characteristics of Conjugated Polymers-Based Artificial Synapse. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400304. [PMID: 38408158 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Interest has grown in services that consume a significant amount of energy, such as large language models (LLMs), and research is being conducted worldwide on synaptic devices for neuromorphic hardware. However, various complex processes are problematic for the implementation of synaptic properties. Here, synaptic characteristics are implemented through a novel method, namely side chain control of conjugated polymers. The developed devices exhibit the characteristics of the biological brain, especially spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), high-pass filtering, and long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/D). Moreover, the fabricated synaptic devices show enhanced nonvolatile characteristics, such as long retention time (≈102 s), high ratio of Gmax/Gmin, high linearity, and reliable cyclic endurance (≈103 pulses). This study presents a new pathway for next-generation neuromorphic computing by modulating conjugated polymers with side chain control, thereby achieving high-performance synaptic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongchan Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoik Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwa Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeong Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Sang Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Kang
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
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2
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Saha C, Huda MM, Sabuj MA, Rai N. Elucidating the structure of donor-acceptor conjugated polymer aggregates in liquid solution. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1824-1833. [PMID: 38305724 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01458d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
High-spin donor-acceptor conjugated polymers are extensively studied for their potential applications in magnetic and spintronic devices. Inter-chain charge transfer among these high-spin polymers mainly depends on the nature of the local structure of the thin film and π-stacking between the polymer chains. However, the microscopic structural details of high-spin polymeric materials are rarely studied with an atomistic force field, and the molecular-level local structure in the liquid phase remains ambiguous. Here, we have examined the effects of oligomer chain length, side chain, and processing temperature on the organization of the high-spin cyclopentadithiophene-benzobisthiadiazole donor-acceptor conjugated polymer in chloroform solvent. We find that the oligomers display ordered aggregates whose structure depends on their chain length, with an average π-stacking distance of 3.38 ± 0.03 Å (at T = 298 K) in good agreement with the experiment. Also, the oligomers with longer alkyl side chains show better solvation and a shorter π-stacking distance. Furthermore, the clusters grow faster at higher temperature with more ordered aggregation between the oligomer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Saha
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, and Center for Advanced Vehicular System, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS-39762, USA.
| | - Md Masrul Huda
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, and Center for Advanced Vehicular System, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS-39762, USA.
| | - Md Abdus Sabuj
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, and Center for Advanced Vehicular System, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS-39762, USA.
| | - Neeraj Rai
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, and Center for Advanced Vehicular System, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS-39762, USA.
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Advincula AA, Atassi A, Gregory SA, Thorley KJ, Ponder JF, Freychet G, Jones AL, Su GM, Yee SK, Reynolds JR. Elucidating Design Rules toward Enhanced Solid-State Charge Transport in Oligoether-Functionalized Dioxythiophene-Based Alternating Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37449957 PMCID: PMC10375480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the solid-state charge transport properties of the oxidized forms of dioxythiophene-based alternating copolymers consisting of an oligoether-functionalized 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) copolymerized with different aryl groups, dimethyl ProDOT (DMP), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), and 3,4-phenylenedioxythiophene (PheDOT), respectively, to yield copolymers P(OE3)-D, P(OE3)-E, and P(OE3)-Ph. At a dopant concentration of 5 mM FeTos3, the electrical conductivities of these copolymers vary significantly (ranging between 9 and 195 S cm-1) with the EDOT copolymer, P(OE3)-E, achieving the highest electrical conductivity. UV-vis-NIR and X-ray spectroscopies show differences in both susceptibility to oxidative doping and extent of oxidation for the P(OE3) series, with P(OE3)-E being the most doped. Wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicate that P(OE3)-E generally demonstrates the lowest paracrystallinity values in the series, as well as relatively small π-π stacking distances. The significant (i.e., order of magnitude) increase in electrical conductivity of doped P(OE3)-E films versus doped P(OE3)-D or P(OE3)-Ph films can therefore be attributed to P(OE3)-E exhibiting both the highest carrier ratios in the P(OE3) series, along with good π-π overlap and local ordering (low paracrystallinity values). Furthermore, these trends in the extent of doping and paracrystallinity are consistent with the reduced Fermi energy level and transport function prefactor parameters calculated using the semilocalized transport (SLoT) model. Observed differences in carrier ratios at the transport edge (ct) and reduced Fermi energies [η(c)] suggest a broader electronic band (better overlap and more delocalization) for the EDOT-incorporating P(OE3)-E polymer relative to P(OE3)-D and P(OE3)-Ph. Ultimately, we rationalize improvements in electrical conductivity due to microstructural and doping enhancements caused by EDOT incorporation, a structure-property relationship worth considering in the future design of highly electrically conductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A Advincula
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- ARCTOS Technology Solutions, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Amalie Atassi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shawn A Gregory
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Karl J Thorley
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - James F Ponder
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Guillaume Freychet
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Austin L Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gregory M Su
- Advanced Light Source and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shannon K Yee
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Wang Q, Zhai Y, Chao D, Chen Z, Jiang Z. Preparation and Electrochromic Properties of Benzodithiophene-Isoindigo Conjugated Polymers with Oligoethylene Glycol Side Chains. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:60. [PMID: 36614403 PMCID: PMC9821313 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Functional polymers featuring good processability in non-halogenated, benzene-free green solvents are highly desired due to health and environmental concerns. Herein, a series of novel D-A type conjugated polymers, PBDT-IIDs, are designed and successfully prepared by "green" functionalization of the polymers with highly hydrophilic, highly polar, highly flexible, and biocompatible oligoethylene glycol (OEG) side chains in order to improve the processability. These series polymers are named PBDT-IID2, PBDT-IID3, and PBDT-IID4, respectively, according to the number of oxygen atoms in the side chain. After confirmation by structural characterization, the basic properties of PBDT-IIDs are also investigated. With the increase in the OEG side chain length, the polymer PBDT-IID4 not only has good solubility in the halogen solvent chlorobenzene, but also exhibits excellent solubility in the green halogen-free solvent methyltetrahydrofuran (Me-THF). As a result, the green solvent Me-THF can also be applied to prepare PBDT-IIDs' electrochromic active layers, except for chlorobenzene and toluene. The electrochromism of PBDT IIDs under both positive and negative voltages has a practical application potential. The several controllable switches between dark green and khaki (0-0.6 V) are expected to show great potential in the field of military camouflage. Furthermore, according to the principle of red, green, and blue (RGB) mixing, light blue-green in the reduced state (-1.6 V) can be used in the preparation of complementary ECDs to provide one of the three primary colors (green).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuehui Zhai
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Danming Chao
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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5
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Using automated synthesis to understand the role of side chains on molecular charge transport. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2102. [PMID: 35440635 PMCID: PMC9019014 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of next-generation organic electronic materials critically relies on understanding structure-function relationships in conjugated polymers. However, unlocking the full potential of organic materials requires access to their vast chemical space while efficiently managing the large synthetic workload to survey new materials. In this work, we use automated synthesis to prepare a library of conjugated oligomers with systematically varied side chain composition followed by single-molecule characterization of charge transport. Our results show that molecular junctions with long alkyl side chains exhibit a concentration-dependent bimodal conductance with an unexpectedly high conductance state that arises due to surface adsorption and backbone planarization, which is supported by a series of control experiments using asymmetric, planarized, and sterically hindered molecules. Density functional theory simulations and experiments using different anchors and alkoxy side chains highlight the role of side chain chemistry on charge transport. Overall, this work opens new avenues for using automated synthesis for the development and understanding of organic electronic materials. Development of organic electronic materials relies on understanding structure-function relationships in conjugated polymers but the synthetic workload to make large numbers of new compounds presents a practical barrier to properly survey conjugated organic derivatives. Here, the authors use automated synthesis to prepare a library of conjugated oligomers with systematically varied side chain composition followed by single-molecule characterization of charge transport.
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6
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Cheon HJ, An TK, Kim YH. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Polymers and Their Organic Field-Effect Transistor Applications: A Review. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Luo N, Ren P, Feng Y, Shao X, Zhang HL, Liu Z. Side-Chain Engineering of Conjugated Polymers for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1131-1146. [PMID: 35084195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Past decades have witnessed the rapid development of conjugated polymers because of their promising semiconducting properties and applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Recent studies have shown that side-chain engineering of conjugated polymers is an efficient strategy to increase semiconducting performance. This Perspective focuses on the side-chain modulation of conjugated polymers and evaluating their effects on the performance of OFETs. The challenges and potential applications of functional high-performance OFETs through side-chain engineering are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
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Liu LN, Khlil M, Li J, Xu ZW, Xie G, Li J, Gao X, Li H, Yao J, Li WS. Zwitterionic side chain-modified conjugated polymers with greatly enhanced ambipolar charge-transport mobilities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11181-11184. [PMID: 34618880 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A small amount of the 3-(hexyldimethylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate zwitterionic side chain was integrated into a diketopyrrolopyrrole ambipolar polymer to modulate its field-effect carrier-transport characteristics. It was found that such a modification can strengthen the interchain interaction, promote crystallization, and thus improve the hole and electron mobilities by 3.9- and 8.2-fold, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zhengzhou for High Performance Organic Functional Materials, Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, 6 Yingcai Street, Huiji District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, P. R. China.
| | - Maria Khlil
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Jia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zi-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Guanghui Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Zhengzhou for High Performance Organic Functional Materials, Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, 6 Yingcai Street, Huiji District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Zhengzhou for High Performance Organic Functional Materials, Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, 6 Yingcai Street, Huiji District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, P. R. China.
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhua Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Zhengzhou for High Performance Organic Functional Materials, Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, 6 Yingcai Street, Huiji District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, P. R. China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Shi Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zhengzhou for High Performance Organic Functional Materials, Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, 6 Yingcai Street, Huiji District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450044, P. R. China.
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Luo X, Shen H, Perera K, Tran DT, Boudouris BW, Mei J. Designing Donor-Acceptor Copolymers for Stable and High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1061-1067. [PMID: 35549113 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are oft-used for bioelectronic applications, and a variety of OECT channel materials have been developed in recent years. However, the majority of these materials are still limited by long-term performance and stability challenges. To resolve these issues, we implemented a next-generation design of polymers for OECTs. Specifically, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) building blocks were copolymerized with propylene dioxythiophene-based (Pro-based) monomers to create a donor-acceptor-type conjugated polymer (PProDOT-DPP). These PProDOT-DPP macromolecules were synthesized using a straightforward direct arylation polymerization synthetic route. The PProDOT-DPP polymer thin film exhibited excellent electrochemical response, low oxidation potential, and high crystallinity, as evidenced by spectroelectrochemical measurements and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Thus, the resultant polymer thin films had high charge mobility and volumetric capacitance values (i.e., μC* as high as 310 F cm-1 V-1 s-1) when they were used as the active layer materials in OECT devices, which places PProDOT-DPP among the highest performing accumulation-mode OECT polymers reported to date. The performance of the PProDOT-DPP thin films was also retained for 100 cycles and over 2000 s of ON-OFF cycling, indicating the robust stability of the materials. Therefore, this effort provides a clear roadmap for the design of electrochemically active macromolecules for accumulation-mode OECTs, where crystalline acceptor cores are incorporated into an all-donor polymer. We anticipate that this will ultimately inspire future polymer designs to enable OECTs with both high electrical performance and operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hongguang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kuluni Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dung Trong Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Giridharagopal R, Guo J, Kong J, Ginger DS. Nanowire Architectures Improve Ion Uptake Kinetics in Conjugated Polymer Electrochemical Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34616-34624. [PMID: 34270213 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors are believed to face an inherent material design tension between optimizing for ion mobility and for electronic mobility. These devices transduce ion uptake into electrical current, thereby requiring high ion mobility for efficient electrochemical doping and rapid turn-on kinetics and high electronic mobility for the maximum transconductance. Here, we explore a facile route to improve operational kinetics and volumetric capacitance in a high-mobility conjugated polymer (poly[2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno [3,2-b]thiophene)], DPP-DTT) by employing a nanowire morphology. For equivalent thicknesses, the DPP-DTT nanowire films exhibit consistently faster kinetics (∼6-10× faster) compared to a neat DPP-DTT film. The nanowire architectures show ∼4× higher volumetric capacitance, increasing from 7.1 to 27.7 F/cm3, consistent with the porous structure better enabling ion uptake throughout the film. The nanowires also exhibit a small but energetically favorable shift in a threshold voltage of ∼17 mV, making the nanostructured system both faster and energetically easier to electrochemically dope compared to neat films. We explain the variation using two atomic force microscopy methods: in situ electrochemical strain microscopy and nanoinfrared imaging via photoinduced force microscopy. These data show that the nanowire film's structure allows greater swelling and ion uptake throughout the active layer, indicating that the nanowire architecture exhibits volumetric operation, whereas the neat film is largely operating via the field effect. We propose that for higher-mobility materials, casting the active layer in a nanowire form may offer faster kinetics, enhanced volumetric capacitance, and possibly lower threshold voltage while maintaining desirable device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Giridharagopal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiajie Guo
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jessica Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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12
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Yang Y, Tang J, Pan C, Liu YN, Abu-Reziq R, Yu G. Visible-light-driven Cr(VI) reduction by ferrocene-integrated conjugated porous polymers via dual catalytic routes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4886-4889. [PMID: 33884390 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated porous polymers with rapid separation of photogenerated charges and multiple catalytic pathways remain a great challenge. Herein, two ferrocene-based polymers (Fc-CPPs) with high charge separation efficiency and unique dual catalytic routes for Cr(vi) reduction were developed. They exhibited an excellent efficiency, with almost 99% of Cr(vi) readily converted to Cr(iii) under 15 min of visible light illumination (λ > 420 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Yumin Yang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian 710072, China
| | - Juntao Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Chunyue Pan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - You-Nian Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Raed Abu-Reziq
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Guipeng Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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13
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Zhou Y, Zhang W, Yu G. Recent structural evolution of lactam- and imide-functionalized polymers applied in organic field-effect transistors and organic solar cells. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6844-6878. [PMID: 34123315 PMCID: PMC8153080 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01711j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductor materials, especially donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers, have been increasingly applied in organic optoelectronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic solar cells (OSCs). Plenty of high-performance OFETs and OSCs have been achieved based on varieties of structurally modified D-A polymers. As the basic building block of D-A polymers, acceptor moieties have drawn much attention. Among the numerous types, lactam- and imide-functionalized electron-deficient building blocks have been widely investigated. In this review, the structural evolution of lactam- or imide-containing acceptors (for instance, diketopyrrolopyrrole, isoindigo, naphthalene diimide, and perylene diimide) is covered and their representative polymers applied in OFETs and OSCs are also discussed, with a focus on the effect of varied structurally modified acceptor moieties on the physicochemical and photoelectrical properties of polymers. Additionally, this review discusses the current issues that need to be settled down and the further development of new types of acceptors. It is hoped that this review could help design new electron-deficient building blocks, find a more valid method to modify already reported acceptor units, and achieve high-performance semiconductor materials eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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14
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Ye G, Liu J, Qiu X, Stäter S, Qiu L, Liu Y, Yang X, Hildner R, Koster LJA, Chiechi RC. Controlling n-Type Molecular Doping via Regiochemistry and Polarity of Pendant Groups on Low Band Gap Donor-Acceptor Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021; 54:3886-3896. [PMID: 34054145 PMCID: PMC8154869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
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We demonstrate the
impact of the type and position of pendant groups
on the n-doping of low-band gap donor–acceptor (D–A)
copolymers. Polar glycol ether groups simultaneously increase the
electron affinities of D–A copolymers and improve the host/dopant
miscibility compared to nonpolar alkyl groups, improving the doping
efficiency by a factor of over 40. The bulk mobility of the doped
films increases with the fraction of polar groups, leading to a best
conductivity of 0.08 S cm–1 and power factor (PF)
of 0.24 μW m–1 K–2 in the
doped copolymer with the polar pendant groups on both the D and A
moieties. We used spatially resolved absorption spectroscopy to relate
commensurate morphological changes to the dispersion of dopants and
to the relative local doping efficiency, demonstrating a direct relationship
between the morphology of the polymer phase, the solvation of the
molecular dopant, and the electrical properties of doped films. Our
work offers fundamental new insights into the influence of the physical
properties of pendant chains on the molecular doping process, which
should be generalizable to any molecularly doped polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ye
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Liu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Stäter
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Li Qiu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yuru Liu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xuwen Yang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Hildner
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Jan Anton Koster
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Guilbert AAY, Parr ZS, Kreouzis T, Woods DJ, Sprick RS, Abrahams I, Nielsen CB, Zbiri M. Effect of substituting non-polar chains with polar chains on the structural dynamics of small organic molecule and polymer semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7462-7471. [PMID: 33876106 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00670c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The processability and optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors can be tuned and manipulated via chemical design. The substitution of the popular alkyl side chains by oligoethers has recently been successful for applications such as bioelectronic sensors and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Beyond the differences in polarity, the carbon-oxygen bond in oligoethers is likely to render the system softer and more prone to dynamical disorder that can be detrimental to charge transport for example. In this context, we use neutron spectroscopy as a master method of probe, in addition to characterisation techniques such as X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy to study the effect of the substitution of n-hexyl (Hex) chains by triethylene glycol (TEG) chains on the structural dynamics of two organic semiconducting materials: a phenylene-bithiophene-phenylene (PTTP) small molecule and a fluorene-co-dibenzothiophene (FS) polymer. Counterintuitively, inelastic neutron scattering (INS) reveals a general softening of the modes of PTTP and FS materials with Hex chains, pointing towards an increased dynamical disorder in the Hex-based systems. However, temperature-dependent X-ray and neutron diffraction as well as INS and differential scanning calorimetry evidence an extra reversible transition close to room temperature for PTTP with TEG chains. The observed extra structural transition, which is not accompanied by a change in birefringence, can also be observed by quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). A fastening of the TEG chains dynamics is observed in the case of PTTP and not FS. We therefore assign this transition to the melt of the TEG chains. Overall the TEG chains are promoting dynamical order at room temperature, but if crystallising, may introduce an extra reversible structural transition above room temperature leading to thermal instabilities. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of chain polarity and structural dynamics can help guide new materials design and navigate the intricate balance between electronic charge transport and aqueous swelling that is being sought for a number of emerging organic electronic and bioelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A Y Guilbert
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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16
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Sharma A, Singh R, Kini GP, Hyeon Kim J, Parashar M, Kim M, Kumar M, Kim JS, Lee JJ. Side-Chain Engineering of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Hole-Transport Materials to Realize High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7405-7415. [PMID: 33534549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a stable and efficient hole-transport material (HTM) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most demanding research areas. At present, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) is a commonly used HTM in the fabrication of high-efficiency PSCs; however, its complicated synthesis, addition of a dopant in order to realize the best efficiency, and high cost are major challenges for the further development of PSCs. Herein, various diketopyrrolopyrrole-based small molecules were synthesized with the same backbone but distinct alkyl side-chain substituents (i.e., 2-ethylhexyl-, n-hexyl-, ((methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl-, and (2-((2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)acetamide, designated as D-1, D-2, D-3, and D-4, respectively) as HTMs. The variation in the alkyl chain has shown obvious effects on the optical and electrochemical properties as well as on the molecular packing and film-forming ability. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC under one sun illumination (100 mW cm-2) is shown to increase in the order of D-1 (8.32%) < D-2 (11.12%) < D-3 (12.05%) < D-4 (17.64%). Various characterization techniques reveal that the superior performance of D-4 can be ascribed to the well-aligned highest occupied molecular orbital energy level with the counter electrode, the more compact π-π stacking with a higher coherence length, and the excellent hole mobility of 1.09 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1, thus providing excellent energetics for effective charge transport with minimal charge-carrier recombination. Furthermore, the addition of the dopant Li-TFSI in D-4 is shown to deliver a remarkable PCE of 20.19%, along with a short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), and fill factor (FF) of 22.94 mA cm-2, 1.14 V, and 73.87%, respectively, and superior stability compared to that of other HTMs. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of side-chain engineering for tailoring the properties of HTMs, thus offering new design tactics to fabricate for the synthesis of highly efficient and stable HTMs for PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Ranbir Singh
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy, Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Gururaj P Kini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mritunjaya Parashar
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy, Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy, Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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17
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Patil BB, Takeda Y, Singh S, Wang T, Singh A, Do TT, Singh SP, Tokito S, Pandey AK, Sonar P. Electrode and dielectric layer interface device engineering study using furan flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole-dithienothiophene polymer based organic transistors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19989. [PMID: 33203904 PMCID: PMC7673034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We successfully demonstrated a detailed and systematic enhancement of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) performance using dithienothiophene (DTT) and furan-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole based donor-acceptor conjugated polymer semiconductor namely PDPPF-DTT as an active semiconductor. The self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) treatments at interface junctions of the semiconductor-dielectric and at the semiconductor-metal electrodes has been implemented using bottom gate bottom contact device geometry. Due to SAM treatment at the interface using tailored approach, the significant reduction of threshold voltage (Vth) from - 15.42 to + 5.74 V has been observed. In addition to tuning effect of Vth, simultaneously charge carrier mobility (µFET) has been also enhanced the from 9.94 × 10-4 cm2/Vs to 0.18 cm2/Vs. In order to calculate the trap density in each OFET device, the hysteresis in transfer characteristics has been studied in detail for bare and SAM treated devices. Higher trap density in Penta-fluoro-benzene-thiol (PFBT) treated OFET devices enhances the gate field, which in turn controls the charge carrier density in the channel, and hence gives lower Vth = + 5.74 V. Also, PFBT treatment enhances the trapped interface electrons, which helps to enhance the mobility in this OFET architecture. The overall effect has led to possibility of reduction in the Vth with simultaneous enhancements of µFET in OFETs, following systematic device engineering methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanagouda B Patil
- School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992- 8510, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takeda
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992- 8510, Japan
| | - Subhash Singh
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992- 8510, Japan
| | - Tony Wang
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Amandeep Singh
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Thu Trang Do
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Samarendra P Singh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (SNU), Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201307, India
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992- 8510, Japan.
| | - Ajay K Pandey
- School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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18
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Liu L, Li Y, Khalil M, Xu Z, Xie G, Zhang X, Li J, Li W. Improving Both Electron and Hole Mobilities of an Ambipolar Polymer by Integrating Sodium
Sulfonate‐Tethered
Alkyl Side Chains
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self‐assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yun‐Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self‐assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Maria Khalil
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self‐assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zi‐Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self‐assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Guanghui Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Zhengzhou for High Performance Organic Functional Materials, Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, 6 Yingcai Street Huiji District Zhengzhou Henan 450044 China
| | - Xingmin Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences 239 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District Shanghai 201204 China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Zhengzhou for High Performance Organic Functional Materials, Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, 6 Yingcai Street Huiji District Zhengzhou Henan 450044 China
| | - Wei‐Shi Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self‐assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Engineering Research Center of Zhengzhou for High Performance Organic Functional Materials, Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, 6 Yingcai Street Huiji District Zhengzhou Henan 450044 China
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19
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Shi D, Yu X, Chen L, Chen D, Liu Z, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang D. Selenophene‐Flanked
Diketopyrrolopyrrole Based Conjugated Polymers for Ambipolar
Field‐Effect
Transistors. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Daoliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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20
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Silva EA, Gregori A, Fernandes JD, Njel C, Dedryvère R, Constantino CJL, Hiorns RC, Lartigau-Dagron C, Olivati CA. Understanding the langmuir and Langmuir-Schaefer film conformation of low-bandgap polymers and their bulk heterojunctions with PCBM. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:315712. [PMID: 32311686 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8b0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low-bandgap polymers are widely used as p-type components in photoactive layers of organic solar cells, due to their ability to capture a large portion of the solar spectrum. The comprehension of their supramolecular assembly is crucial in achieving high-performance organic electronic devices. Here we synthezed two exemplar low-bandgap cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT):diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymers, with either a twelve carbon (C12) or a tri etyleneglycol (TEG) side chains on the DPP units (respectively denoted PCPDTDPP_C12 and PCPDTDPP_TEG). We deposited Langmuir-Schaefer films of these polymers blended with the widely used electron donor material [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric-acid methyl ester (PCBM). We then characterized the conformational, optical and morphological properties of these films. From the monolayers to the solid films, we observed distinct self-organization and surface properties for each polymer due to the distinct nature of their side chains. Emphasizing their attraction interactions with PCBM and the phase transitions according to the surface pressure. The elements amount on the surface, calculated through the XPS, gave us a good insight on the polymers' conformations. Through UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, the improvement in the PCPDTDPP film ordering upon PCBM addition is evident and we saw the contribution of the polymer units on the optical response. Chemical attributions of the polymers were assigned using FTIR Spectroscopy and Raman Scattering, revealing the physical interaction after mixing the materials. We showed that it is possible to build nanostructured PCPDTDPPs films with a high control of their molecular properties through an understanding of their self-assembly and interactions with an n-type material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilene A Silva
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, Rua Roberto Simonsen 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
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21
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Cong S, Creamer A, Fei Z, Hillman SAJ, Rapley C, Nelson J, Heeney M. Tunable Control of the Hydrophilicity and Wettability of Conjugated Polymers by a Postpolymerization Modification Approach. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000087. [PMID: 32537851 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A facile method to prepare hydrophilic polymers by a postpolymerization nucleophillic aromatic substitution reaction of fluoride on an emissive conjugated polymer (CP) backbone is reported. Quantitative functionalization by a series of monofunctionalized ethylene glycol oligomers, from dimer to hexamer, as well as with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol is demonstrated. The length of the ethylene glycol sidechains is shown to have a direct impact on the surface wettability of the polymer, as well as its solubility in polar solvents. However, the energetics and band gap of the CPs remain essentially constant. This method therefore allows an easy way to modulate the wettability and solubility of CP materials for a diverse series of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Cong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Adam Creamer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Sam A J Hillman
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Charlotte Rapley
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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22
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Angunawela I, Nahid MM, Ghasemi M, Amassian A, Ade H, Gadisa A. The Critical Role of Materials' Interaction in Realizing Organic Field-Effect Transistors Via High-Dilution Blending with Insulating Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26239-26249. [PMID: 32410453 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-performance low-band-gap polymer semiconductors are visibly colored, making them unsuitable for transparent and imperceptible electronics without reducing film thickness to the nanoscale range. Herein, we demonstrate polymer/insulator blends exhibiting favorable miscibility that improves the transparency and carrier transport in an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) device. The mesoscale structures leading to more efficient charge transport in ultrathin films relevant to the realization of transparent and flexible electronic applications are explored based on thermodynamic material interaction principles in conjunction with optical and morphological studies. By blending the commodity polymer polystyrene (PS) with two high-performing polymers, PDPP3T and P (NDI2OD-T2) (known as N2200), a drastic difference in morphology and fiber network are observed due to considerable differences in the degree of thermodynamic interaction between the conjugated polymers and PS. Intrinsic material interaction behavior establishes a long-range intermolecular interaction in the PDPP3T polymer fibrillar network dispersed in the majority (80%) PS matrix resulting in a ca. 3-fold increased transistor hole mobility of 1.15 cm2 V-1 s-1 (highest = 1.5 cm2 V-1 s-1) as compared to the pristine material, while PS barely affects the electron mobility in N2200. These basic findings provide important guidelines to achieve high mobility in transparent OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indunil Angunawela
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Masrur M Nahid
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Masoud Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engsineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engsineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Abay Gadisa
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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23
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Zhang Z, Yuan D, Liu X, Kim MJ, Nashchadin A, Sharapov V, Yu L. BODIPY-Containing Polymers with Ultralow Band Gaps and Ambipolar Charge Mobilities. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Dafei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xunshan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Limited, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andriy Nashchadin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Valerii Sharapov
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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24
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Meng B, Liu J, Wang L. Oligo(ethylene glycol) as side chains of conjugated polymers for optoelectronic applications. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Except hydrophobic alkyl side chains, hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) has also been used as side chains of conjugated polymers and endow the resulting polymers with interesting properties and excellent opto-electronic device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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25
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Chen CA, Wang SC, Tung SH, Su WF. Oligo(ethylene glycol) side chain effect on the physical properties and molecular arrangement of oligothiophene-isoindigo based conjugated polymers. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9468-9473. [PMID: 31696894 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains are widely used in donor-acceptor conjugated polymers (D-A CPs) and enable the polymers to dissolve and be processed in environmentally friendly and cost-effective nonchlorinated solvents, such as water. However, the OEG effect on the physical properties of D-A CPs has not been thoroughly studied and sometimes the results are controversial. In this study, two oligothiophene-isoindigo based conjugated polymers, P3TI and P4TI, are selected as model polymers to investigate the OEG effect. PnTI has octyl side chains on the oligothiophene unit and 2-hexyldecyl side chains on the isoindigo unit. The replacement of an alkyl side chain with OEG not only changes the optical and thermal properties but also the molecular arrangements of the polymers such as π-π d-spacing, crystallinity, and packing orientation. The domination of the crystallization behavior changes from the oligothiophene unit to the isoindigo unit when the bulky alkyl group is replaced by the flexible and linear OEG. The packing changes from edge-on to face-on orientation. The results are intriguing and provide new insights into this class of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-An Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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26
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Qian Z, Galuska L, McNutt WW, Ocheje MU, He Y, Cao Z, Zhang S, Xu J, Hong K, Goodman RB, Rondeau‐Gagné S, Mei J, Gu X. Challenge and Solution of Characterizing Glass Transition Temperature for Conjugated Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - Luke Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - William W. McNutt
- Department of ChemistryPurdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Michael U. Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor Windsor N9B3P4 Ontario Canada
| | - Youjun He
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - Jie Xu
- Naonotechnology and Science DivisionArgonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996
| | - Renée B. Goodman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor Windsor N9B3P4 Ontario Canada
| | - Simon Rondeau‐Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor Windsor N9B3P4 Ontario Canada
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of ChemistryPurdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesThe University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
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27
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Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhang D. The Effects of Side Chains on the Charge Mobilities and Functionalities of Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers beyond Solubilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903104. [PMID: 31483542 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed the rapid development of semiconducting polymers in terms of high charge mobilities and applications in transistors. Significant efforts have been made to develop various conjugated frameworks and linkers. However, studies are increasingly demonstrating that the side chains of semiconducting polymers can significantly affect interchain packing, thin film crystallinity, and thus semiconducting performance. Ways to modify the side alkyl chains to improve the interchain packing order and charge mobilities for conjugated polymers are first discussed. It is shown that modifying the branching chains by moving the branching points away from the backbones can boost the charge mobilities, which can also be improved through partially replacing branching chains with linear ones. Second, the effects of side chains with heteroatoms and functional groups are discussed. The siloxane-terminated side chains are utilized to enhance the semiconducting properties. The fluorinated alkyl chains are beneficial for improving both charge mobility and air stability. Incorporating H bonding group side chains can improve thin film crystallinities and boost charge mobilities. Notably, incorporating functional groups (e.g., glycol, tetrathiafulvalene, and thymine) into side chains can improve the selectivity of field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensors, while photochromic group containing side chains in conjugated polymers result in photoresponsive semiconductors and optically tunable FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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28
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Luo X, Tran DT, Kadlubowski NM, Ho CHY, Riley P, So F, Mei J. Side-Chain Sequence Enabled Regioisomeric Acceptors for Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dung T. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Natalie M. Kadlubowski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carr Hoi Yi Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Parand Riley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Franky So
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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29
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Side Chain Effects on the Optoelectronic Properties and Self-Assembly Behaviors of Terthiophene–Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Based Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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30
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Liu X, Qiu G, Zhang L, Liu F, Mu S, Long Y, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Gu H. Controlled ROMP Synthesis of Ferrocene-Containing Amphiphilic Dendronized Diblock Copolymers as Redox-Controlled Polymer Carriers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Guirong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Fangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Shengdong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yanru Long
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Qiuxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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31
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Ma J, Liu Z, Yao J, Wang Z, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhang D. Improving Ambipolar Semiconducting Properties of Thiazole-Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Terpolymers by Incorporating Urea Groups in the Side-Chains. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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32
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Qiu G, Zhao L, Liu X, Zhao Q, Liu F, Liu Y, Liu Y, Gu H. ROMP synthesis of benzaldehyde-containing amphiphilic block polynorbornenes used to conjugate drugs for pH-responsive release. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang D. Modification of Side Chains of Conjugated Molecules and Polymers for Charge Mobility Enhancement and Sensing Functionality. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1422-1432. [PMID: 29771491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have received increasing attentions in recent years because of their promising applications in various optoelectronic devices. The key performance metric for organic semiconductors is charge carrier mobility, which is governed by the electronic structures of conjugated backbones and intermolecular/interchain π-π interactions and packing in both microscopic and macroscopic levels. For this reason, more efforts have been paid to the design and synthesis of conjugated frameworks for organic semiconductors with high charge mobilities. However, recent studies manifest that appropriate modifications of side chains that are linked to conjugated frameworks can improve the intermolecular/interchain packing order and boost charge mobilities. In this Account, we discuss our research results in context of modification of side chains in organic semiconductors for charge mobility enhancement. These include the following: (i) The lengths of alkyl chains in sulfur-rich thiepin-fused heteroacences can dramatically influence the intermolecular arrangements and orbital overlaps, ushering in different hole mobilities. Inversely, the lamellar stacking modes of alkyl chains in naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivatives with tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units are affected by the structures of conjugated cores. (ii) The steric hindrances owing to the bulky branching chains can be weakened by partial replacement of the branching alkyl chains with linear ones for diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based D (donor)-A (acceptor) conjugated polymers. Such modification of side chains makes the polymer backbones more planar and thus interchain packing order and charge mobilities are improved. The incorporation of hydrophilic tri(ethylene glycol) (TEG) chains into the polymers also leads to improved interchain packing order. In particular, the polymer in which TEG side chains are distributed uniformly exhibits relatively high charge mobility without thermal annealing. (iii) The incorporation of urea groups in the side chains induces the polymer chains to pack more orderly and form large domains because of the additional H-bonding among urea groups. Accordingly, thin film mobilities of the conjugated D-A polymers with side chains entailing urea groups are largely boosted in comparison with those of polymers of the same backbones with either branching alkyl chains or branching/linear alkyl chains. (iv) The torsions of branching alkyl chains in conjugated D-A polymers can be inhibited to some extent upon incorporation of tiny amount of NMe4I in the thin film. As a result, the polymer thin films with NMe4I exhibit improved crystallinity, and charge mobilities can be boosted by more than 20 times. (v) Side chains with functional groups in the conjugated polymers can endow the thin film field-effect transistors (FETs) with sensing functionality. FETs with the conjugated polymer with -COOH groups in the side chains show sensitive, selective, and fast responses toward ammonia and amines, while FETs with the ultrathin films of the polymer containing tetra(ethylene glycol) (TEEG) in the side chains can sense alcohol vapors (in particular ethanol vapor) sensitively and selectively with fast response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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34
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Yue X, Zhang Q, Dai Z. Near-infrared light-activatable polymeric nanoformulations for combined therapy and imaging of cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 115:155-170. [PMID: 28455188 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) light allows deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution due to the reduced scattering of long-wavelength photons. NIR light-activatable polymer nanoparticles are widely exploited for enhanced cancer imaging (diagnosis) and therapy owing to their superior photostability, photothermal conversion efficiency (or high emission rate), and minimal toxicity to cells and tissues. This review surveys the most recent advances in the synthesis of different NIR-absorbing and emissive polymer nanoformulations, and their applications for cancer imaging, photothermal therapy, theranostics and combination therapy by delivering multiple small molecule chemotherapeutics. Photo-responsive drug delivery systems for NIR light-triggered drug release are also discussed with particular emphasis on their molecular designs and formulations as well as photo-reaction mechanisms. Finally, outlook and challenges are presented regarding potential clinical applications of NIR light-activatable nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Yue
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, College of Engineering, College of Pharmaceutics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, College of Engineering, College of Pharmaceutics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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35
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Chen X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang L. A polymer electron donor based on isoindigo units bearing branched oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains for polymer solar cells. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains make the polymer donor exhibit good compatibility with PC71BM and consequently show good photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
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