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Cannavale CN, Keye SA, Rosok L, Martell S, Holthaus TA, Reeser G, Raine LB, Mullen SP, Cohen NJ, Hillman CH, Hammond BR, Renzi-Hammond L, Khan NA. Enhancing children's cognitive function and achievement through carotenoid consumption: The Integrated Childhood Ocular Nutrition Study (iCONS) protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 122:106964. [PMID: 36252934 PMCID: PMC10150405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin (L + Z) are carotenoids that accumulate in neural tissue and potentially confer benefits to cognition. Whereas cross-sectional studies have revealed positive associations between macular carotenoids (MC) and cognition, no studies have investigated whether L + Z supplementation impacts MC and cognition in childhood. Accordingly, the Integrated Childhood Ocular Nutrition Study aims to investigate the impact of L + Z supplementation over 9-months on academic abilities, attentional control, memory, and MC among preadolescent children. Children 8-10 years (N = 288) will enroll in a 9-month double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. The study is registered and approved as a clinical trial on the U.S. National Library of Medicine http://ClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT05177679). Participants will be randomized into an active (10 mg lutein+2 mg zeaxanthin) or waitlist placebo-controlled group. Primary outcomes include hippocampal-dependent memory, attentional inhibition, and academic achievement using a spatial reconstruction task, an Eriksen flanker task, and the Kaufman Test of Academic and Educational Achievement 3rd edition, respectively. Secondary outcomes include event-related brain potentials of attentional resource allocation and information processing speed (i.e., P3/P300 amplitude and latency) recorded during the flanker task. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) will be assessed using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Cognitive assessments will be completed prior to and after completion of the supplementation period. MPOD will be quantified prior to, at the mid-point of (4-5 months), and after (9 months) the supplementation period. It is hypothesized that L + Z supplementation will improve cognition and academic achievement. Further, benefits for cognition and achievement are anticipated to be mediated by increases in MC among treatment group participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne N Cannavale
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Shelby A Keye
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Laura Rosok
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Shelby Martell
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Tori A Holthaus
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Ginger Reeser
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Lauren B Raine
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sean P Mullen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Beckman Institute for the Advancement of Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Center for Social and Behavioral Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Billy R Hammond
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Lisa Renzi-Hammond
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America; College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Beckman Institute for the Advancement of Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America.
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Trude ACB, Vedovato GM, Ali SH, Black MM, Gittelsohn J. Associations between Household- and Child-Referenced Food Security Status and Dietary Intake among Low-Income Urban Black Children. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2033145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela C. B. Trude
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriela M. Vedovato
- Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Shahmir H. Ali
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maureen M. Black
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- RTI International, Durham, North carolina, USA
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Center for Human Nutrition, International Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mummidi S, Farook VS, Reddivari L, Hernandez-Ruiz J, Diaz-Badillo A, Fowler SP, Resendez RG, Akhtar F, Lehman DM, Jenkinson CP, Arya R, Lynch JL, Canas JA, DeFronzo RA, Hale DE, Blangero J, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Duggirala R, Vanamala JKP. Serum carotenoids and Pediatric Metabolic Index predict insulin sensitivity in Mexican American children. Sci Rep 2021; 11:871. [PMID: 33441626 PMCID: PMC7806924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of carotenoids are protective against cardiometabolic risk traits (CMTs) in adults and children. We recently showed in non-diabetic Mexican American (MA) children that serum α-carotene and β-carotene are inversely correlated with obesity measures and triglycerides and positively with HDL cholesterol and that they were under strong genetic influences. Additionally, we previously described a Pediatric Metabolic Index (PMI) that helps in the identification of children who are at risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we quantified serum lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin concentrations in approximately 580 children from MA families using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-photodiode array and determined their heritabilities and correlations with CMTs. Using response surface methodology (RSM), we determined two-way interactions of carotenoids and PMI on Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). The concentrations of lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin were highly heritable [h2 = 0.98, P = 7 × 10-18 and h2 = 0.58, P = 1 × 10-7]. We found significant (P ≤ 0.05) negative phenotypic correlations between β-cryptoxanthin and five CMTs: body mass index (- 0.22), waist circumference (- 0.25), triglycerides (- 0.18), fat mass (- 0.23), fasting glucose (- 0.09), and positive correlations with HDL cholesterol (0.29). In contrast, lycopene only showed a significant negative correlation with fasting glucose (- 0.08) and a positive correlation with HDL cholesterol (0.18). Importantly, we found that common genetic influences significantly contributed to the observed phenotypic correlations. RSM showed that increased serum concentrations of α- and β-carotenoids rather than that of β-cryptoxanthin or lycopene had maximal effects on ISI. In summary, our findings suggest that the serum carotenoids are under strong additive genetic influences and may have differential effects on susceptibility to CMTs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Mummidi
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.
| | - Vidya S Farook
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Lavanya Reddivari
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Joselin Hernandez-Ruiz
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Diaz-Badillo
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Sharon P Fowler
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roy G Resendez
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Feroz Akhtar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Jenkinson
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Rector Arya
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Jane L Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jose A Canas
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Hale
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Jairam K P Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Lee MS, Carcone AI, Ko L, Kulik N, Ellis DA, Naar S. Managing Outliers in Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire Data. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:28-35. [PMID: 33012663 PMCID: PMC7855646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to explore the impact of 5 decision rules for removing outliers from adolescent food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data. DESIGN This secondary analysis used baseline and 3-month data from a weight loss intervention clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS African American adolescents (n = 181) were recruited from outpatient clinics and community health fairs. VARIABLES MEASURED Data collected included self-reported FFQ and mediators of weight (food addiction, depressive symptoms, and relative reinforcing value of food), caregiver-reported executive functioning, and objectively measured weight status (percentage overweight). ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics examined patterns in study variables at baseline and follow-up. Correlational analyses explored the relationships between FFQ data and key study variables at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Compared with not removing outliers, using decision rules reduced the number of cases and restricted the range of data. The magnitude of baseline FFQ-mediator relationships was attenuated under all decision rules but varied (increasing, decreasing, and reversing direction) at follow-up. Decision rule use increased the magnitude of change in FFQ estimated energy intake and significantly strengthened its relationship with weight change under 2 fixed range decision rules. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Results suggest careful evaluation of outliers and testing and reporting the effects of different outlier decision rules through sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - April Idalski Carcone
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
| | - Linda Ko
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Noel Kulik
- Division of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies and the Center for Health and Community Impact, College of Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Deborah A Ellis
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Sylvie Naar
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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Barlow SE, Durand C, Salahuddin M, Pont SJ, Butte NF, Hoelscher DM. Who benefits from the intervention? Correlates of successful BMI reduction in the Texas Childhood Obesity Demonstration Project (TX-CORD). Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12609. [PMID: 31944617 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many childhood obesity intervention studies report mean outcomes but do not explore the variation in responses and the characteristics of those who respond well. OBJECTIVE To identify child and family characteristics associated with improvement in the primary outcome, %BMIp95 , of the Texas Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project (TX-CORD). METHODS The 12-month TX-CORD secondary prevention study randomized 549 children, ages 2 to 12 years, with BMI ≥85th percentile to the intensive intervention vs. the comparison program, with measurements at baseline, 3-, and 12-months. A growth mixture model was used to identify mutually exclusive latent %BMIp95 trajectories. Latent class regression tested associations between baseline characteristics and latent class membership. RESULTS A 2-class solution emerged after accounting for the effect of intervention randomization. Latent Class 1 participants (86% of sample) were characterized by mild-to-moderate obesity and demonstrated a significantly greater response to the intensive intervention between 0 and 3 months (slope-on-group = -0.931, p = 0.03). A rebound between 3 and 12 months was not significantly different between arms. Latent Class 2 participants (14%), who had severe obesity, demonstrated no difference in response between intervention groups. Characteristics associated with Class 1 membership included younger age (2-5 years vs. 6-12 years: OR 3.70, p = .035) and lower maternal BMI category (< 35 kg/m2 vs. ≥ 35 kg/m2 : OR 7.14, p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The optimal target population for the intensive intervention are children who have milder obesity, are younger, and do not have a mother with severe obesity. Children with severe obesity may require different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Barlow
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,current affiliation University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,current affiliation Children Health, Dallas, Texas
| | - Casey Durand
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Meliha Salahuddin
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, Texas.,current affiliation Population Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas.,current affiliation Office of Health Affairs, University of Texas System, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephen J Pont
- University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | - Nancy F Butte
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Deanna M Hoelscher
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, Texas
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Associations between Food Group Intake, Cognition, and Academic Achievement in Elementary Schoolchildren. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112722. [PMID: 31717571 PMCID: PMC6893423 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in proper physical and cognitive functioning. However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between overall diet, cognition, and academic success in children, particularly among low-income and diverse groups. The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between healthful versus less healthful food group intake, cognitive performance, and academic achievement in a diverse sample of schoolchildren. 868 urban schoolchildren (age 8 to 10 years) participated in the study. Intake of healthful (fruits, vegetables, unsweetened beverages) and less healthful (sweet and salty snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages) food groups was determined via a food frequency questionnaire. Digit Span and Stroop test scores were used to assess cognitive performance. Academic achievement was assessed via standardized test scores. Multiple Poisson and multiple linear regression were used to test the associations between diet and cognitive scores. Multiple ordered logistic regression was used to assess the associations between diet and academic achievement. Potential confounders (age, sex, body mass index (BMI) z-score, race/ethnicity, English language learner status, individualized education plan enrollment, physical activity, and parent education level) were tested for inclusion in all models. The sample included 868 children (56.7% girls; 33.2% non-Hispanic white, 26.2% Hispanic, 17.1% multiracial/other, 8.3% non-Hispanic black; 40.5% overweight/obese). The most frequently consumed foods were fruits and sweet snacks (1.9 and 1.6 servings per day, respectively). There were no statistically significant associations between diet and cognitive test scores. Greater intake of less healthful food groups (sweet snacks, salty snacks, and sweetened beverages) was associated with lower math (OR = 0.91, CI [0.84, 0.98], p = 0.014) and English standardized test scores (OR = 0.87, CI [0.80, 0.94, p = 0.001). Greater intake of sweet snacks and fruits was associated with lower English scores (OR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.59, 0.88] p = 0.001; and OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.72, 0.94] p = 0.003, respectively). Consumption of less healthful food groups was associated with poorer academic achievement. Further research may shed light on unexpected associations between fruit consumption and achievement. Policies targeting multiple dietary components may positively influence child academic achievement and development.
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Gachupin FC, Johnson CB, Torabzadeh E, Bryant H, da Silva VR. Usual Dietary Intake and Adherence to Dietary Recommendations among Southwest American-Indian Youths at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz111. [PMID: 31720555 PMCID: PMC6829493 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND American Indians are disproportionately affected by obesity and diabetes, and American-Indian youths have the highest prevalence of obesity and diabetes among all ethnic groups in the USA. OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to assess the usual dietary intake in American-Indian youths who attended a wellness camp program; adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 (DGA) and to the Healthy People 2020 Objectives; and to compare pre- and postcamp reported diets. METHODS A total of six 24-h dietary recalls were conducted in person with American-Indian youths (aged 10-15 y; n = 26) from 3 different Southwest tribes. Three recalls were conducted before the wellness camp, and 3 were conducted after the camp. A series of 2-factor ANOVA were conducted, using a mixed model, to compare the nutrition differences before and after the health camp using a statistical program, R. RESULTS Adherence to federal dietary recommendations was low, with few of the youths meeting the DGA recommendations for fruits (15%, average serving 0.69 cup/d) and vegetables (35%, average serving 0.59 cup/d). All of the participants exceeded the DGA recommended limit on empty calories. Nutrient analysis of total fat intake showed a significant decrease in intake after the camp, F (1, 52) = 5.68, P = 0.02. CONCLUSIONS Diet is a modifiable risk factor for obesity and chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and needs to be an integral part of any healthy lifestyle intervention. The camp-based nutrition education had a positive effect on youths, as observed through the total fat intake decreasing after camp. To reinforce nutrition education, future nutrition education should involve parents, be delivered beyond the week at camp, and encompass social determinants of health and access to healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine C Gachupin
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chelsea Brown Johnson
- West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Eastern Division, Martinsburg, WV, USA
| | - Elmira Torabzadeh
- University of Arizona, Statistical Consulting Laboratory, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Vanessa R da Silva
- University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Tanskey LA, Goldberg JP, Chui K, Must A, Sacheck JM. Accelerated Summer Weight Gain in a Low-Income, Ethnically Diverse Sample of Elementary School Children in Massachusetts. Child Obes 2019; 15:244-253. [PMID: 30888836 PMCID: PMC6909732 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several studies have found that children in the United States gain weight at a faster rate in the summer than in the school year, but little is known about the prevalence of this problem, its effect on high-risk subgroups, or its determinants. This study compares school year and summer weight change in a low-income, ethnically diverse sample of school-age children in Massachusetts and explores differences by race/ethnicity, weight status, and exposure to school year physical activity (PA) programming. Diet and PA are examined as potential mediators of summer weight gain. Methods: Children participating in a school-based PA program evaluation (in which weight change was not a primary outcome) had their height and weight measured three times between October 2015 and September 2016 to capture a school year and summer interval. Diet and PA patterns were assessed mid-school year and mid-summer in a subsample of children. Mixed linear models were used to estimate the effect of season (school year vs. summer) on change in BMI and to examine the influence of race/ethnicity, weight status, and program (walk/run, classroom activity breaks, or control) on any observed effects. Structural equation models were used to explore diet and PA as mediators of seasonal weight change in a subsample of participants. Results: Of 769 participants, 53% were non-Caucasian, 40% were overweight or obese, and 58% were eligible for free or reduced-price school meals. BMI increased in both the school year and summer but increased more rapidly in the summer (0.046 kg/m2 more per month, p = 0.007). Of the three tested interactions, statistical significance was only observed between season and program (χ2 = 14.90, p < 0.001); on average, children exposed to a school year walk/run program did not gain weight more rapidly during the summer, whereas children in the control group and a classroom activity breaks program did. Poorer diet and PA patterns were observed in the summer, but neither diet nor PA was statistically significant mediators of BMI change. Conclusions: Children in this high-risk sample gained weight at a faster rate during the summer than during the school year, with no discernable demographic differences. However, this phenomenon was not observed in the subgroup exposed to a school year walk/run program. More research is needed to clarify the determinants of summer weight gain and understand how school year programming and its effects can be transferred to the summer months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A. Tanskey
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.,Address correspondence to: Lindsay A. Tanskey, PhD, Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624
| | - Jeanne P. Goldberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Aviva Must
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer M. Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Wilson TA, Liu Y, Adolph AL, Sacher PM, Barlow SE, Pont S, Sharma S, Byrd-Williams C, Hoelscher DM, Butte NF. Behavior Modification of Diet and Parent Feeding Practices in a Community- Vs Primary Care-Centered Intervention for Childhood Obesity. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:150-161.e1. [PMID: 30139562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate behavior modification of diet and parent feeding practices in childhood obesity interventions. DESIGN Secondary analysis of randomized, controlled trial comparing Mind, Exercise, Nutrition … Do It! (MEND2-5 and MEND/Coordinated Approach to Child Health [CATCH6-12]) vs Next Steps at baseline and 3 and 12 months. SETTING Austin and Houston, TX. PARTICIPANTS A total of 549 Hispanic and black children randomized to programs by age groups (2-5, 6-8, and 9-12 years) INTERVENTIONS: Twelve-month MEND2-5 and MEND/CATCH6-12 vs Next Steps. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Diet (MEND-friendly/unfriendly food groups and Healthy Eating Index-2010) and parent feeding practices (parental overt control, discipline, limit setting, monitoring, reinforcement, modeling, and covert control; and food neophobia). ANALYSIS Mixed-effects linear regression. RESULTS Changes in diet quality, consumption of MEND-unfriendly foods, and parent feeding practices did not differ between programs. In both interventions, MEND-unfriendly vegetables, grains, dairy and protein, added fat and desserts/sugar-sweetened beverages declined in 2-5- and 6-8-year-olds (P < .001). Healthy Eating Index-2010 improved in 2-5- (treatment; P = .002) and 6-8-year-olds (P = .001). Parental overt control decreased and limit setting, discipline, monitoring, reinforcement, and covert control increased with both interventions in 2-5- and 6-8-year-olds (P < 0.01-0.001). CONCLUSIONS Diet quality, consumption of MEND-unfriendly foods, and parent feeding practices were altered constructively in 2 pediatric obesity interventions, especially in 2-5- and 6-8-year-olds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Wilson
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yan Liu
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Anne L Adolph
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Paul M Sacher
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Barlow
- Children's Health, GI Practice, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Stephen Pont
- Texas Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity, Dell Children's Medical Center University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX
| | - Shreela Sharma
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Courtney Byrd-Williams
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Deanna M Hoelscher
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX.
| | - Nancy F Butte
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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A computer-based incentivized food basket choice tool: Presentation and evaluation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210061. [PMID: 30629643 PMCID: PMC6328152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop and evaluate a low-cost computer-based tool to elicit dietary choices in an incentive compatible manner, which can be used on-line or as part of a laboratory study. Methods The study was conducted with around 255 adults. Respondents were asked to allocate a fixed monetary budget across a choice of around a hundred grocery items with the prospect of receiving these items with some probability delivered to their home by a real supermarket. The tool covers a broad range of food items, allows inference of macro-nutrients and calories, and allows the researcher to fix the choice set participants can choose from. We compare the information derived from our incentivized tool, and compare it to alternative low-cost ways of measuring dietary intake, namely the food frequency questionnaire and a one-shot version of the 24-hour dietary recall, which are both based on self-reports. We compare the calorie intake indicators derived from each tool with a number of biometric measures for each subject, namely weight, body-mass-index (BMI) and waist size. Results The results show that the dietary information collected is only weakly correlated across the three methods. We find that only the calorie intake measure from our incentivized tool is positively and significantly related to each of the biometric indicators. Specifically, a 10% increase in calorie intake is associated with a 1.5% increase in BMI. By contrast, we find no significant correlations for either of the two measures based on self-reports. Conclusion The computer-based tool is a promising new, low-cost measure of dietary choices, particularly in one-shot situations where such behaviours are only observed once, whereas other tools like 24-hour dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires may be more suited when they are administered repeatedly. The tool may be useful for research conducted with limited time and budget.
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Trude ACB, Surkan PJ, Cheskin LJ, Gittelsohn J. A multilevel, multicomponent childhood obesity prevention group-randomized controlled trial improves healthier food purchasing and reduces sweet-snack consumption among low-income African-American youth. Nutr J 2018; 17:96. [PMID: 30373597 PMCID: PMC6206663 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of foods and beverages rich in sugar remains high across all races and ages in the United States. Interventions to address childhood obesity and decrease sugar intake are needed, particularly in low-income settings. METHODS B'more Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) was a group-randomized, controlled trial implemented among 9-15-year olds in 30 low-income areas of Baltimore. We increased access to low-sugar foods and beverages at wholesalers and small food stores. Concurrently, we encouraged their purchase and consumption by children through youth-led nutrition education in recreation centers, in-store promotions, text messaging and a social media program directed at caregivers. Sugar consumption (sugar sweetened beverage (SSB), sweets) in youth was assessed pre- (n = 534) and post-intervention (n = 401) using the Block Kids Food Frequency Questionnaire. Purchasing of 38 healthier and 28 less healthier food/beverage varieties in the previous 7 days was assessed via self-report. Multilevel models at the community and individual levels were used. Analyses were stratified by age (younger: 9-12-year olds (n = 339) vs older: 13-15 (n = 170)). Models were controlled for child's sex, race, total daily caloric intake, and caregiver's age and sex. RESULTS Overall baseline mean healthier food purchasing was 2.5 (+ 3.6; min. 0, max. 34 items per week), and unhealthier food purchasing 4.6 (+ 3.7; 0-19 items per week). Mean intake at baseline for kcal from SSB was 176 (+ 189.1) and 153 (+ 142.5), and % of calories from sweets (i.e. cookies, cakes, pies, donuts, candy, ice cream, sweetened cereals, and chocolate beverages) was 15.9 (+ 9.7) and 15.9 (+ 7.7) in comparison and intervention youth, respectively. Intervention youth increased healthier foods and beverages purchases by 1.4 more items per week than comparison youth (β = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.1; 2.8). After the intervention, there was a 3.5% decrease in kcal from sweets for older intervention youth, compared to the control group (β = - 3.5; 95% CI: -7.76; - 0.05). No impact was seen on SSB consumption. CONCLUSION BHCK successfully increased healthier food purchasing variety in youth, and decreased % calories from sweet snacks in older youth. Multilevel, multicomponent environmental childhood obesity programs are a promising strategy to improve eating behaviors among low-income urban youth. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02181010 (July 2, 2014, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C. B. Trude
- Department of International Health, Global Obesity Prevention Center, and Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Pamela J. Surkan
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Lawrence J. Cheskin
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, and the Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 550 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Department of International Health, Global Obesity Prevention Center, and Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Bleiweiss-Sande R, Kranz S, Bakun P, Tanskey L, Wright C, Sacheck J. Comparative Study of a New Dietary Screener to Assess Food Groups of Concern in Children. Food Nutr Bull 2017; 38:585-593. [PMID: 28946823 DOI: 10.1177/0379572117733400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are several valid and reliable dietary screeners to measure child intake patterns, there is a paucity of brief assessment tools targeting under- and overconsumed foods. OBJECTIVE To compare the Fueling Learning through Exercise study (FLEX) dietary questionnaire, a screener designed to assess consumption patterns in third to fifth graders, to a validated dietary assessment tool. METHODS The FLEX dietary questionnaire was developed to assess fruit, vegetable, snack, and beverage consumption and was compared to the Block Kids Food Screener (BKFS). Correlations were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS The sample (n = 63) had mean age of 9.9 years (SD 0.7). Most participants were non-Hispanic white (70%) and eligible for free/reduced price lunch (57%). Correlations between food group categories were significant for all groups ( P < .05) except fruits ( r = 0.51) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) ( r = 0.21). We found moderate-to-strong correlations between reported vegetable, salty snack, sweet snack, total beverage, milk, and fruit juice consumption (0.62, 0.59, 0.69, 0.47, 0.48, and 0.46, respectively). The FLEX screener reported systematically higher mean servings per day (0.24-1.1) compared to the BKFS (0.05-0.51). CONCLUSION Based on these correlations, the FLEX dietary questionnaire performs similarly to a validated tool in assessing intake of under- and overconsumed food groups in a diverse third to fifth grade population. Overall serving size discrepancies are likely due to more relevant food items on the FLEX questionnaire and a more child-friendly format. This study highlights the need to update older diet screeners to reflect current child consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bleiweiss-Sande
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Kranz
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Bakun
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay Tanskey
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Wright
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Hopkins LC, Sattler M, Steeves EA, Jones-Smith JC, Gittelsohn J. Breakfast Consumption Frequency and Its Relationships to Overall Diet Quality, Using Healthy Eating Index 2010, and Body Mass Index among Adolescents in a Low-Income Urban Setting. Ecol Food Nutr 2017; 56:297-311. [PMID: 28604287 PMCID: PMC5725744 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2017.1327855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the relationship of breakfast frequency to diet quality and BMI among low-income, predominantly African American adolescents aged 9-15 (n = 239). Mean frequency of breakfast consumption was 5.0 ± 0.15 times per week. A significant, positive relationship was seen between HEI scores and frequency of breakfast consumption (p = .01). Dairy (p = .02) and whole grains (p < .01) HEI component scores were significantly related to breakfast frequency. No relationship was seen between breakfast frequency and BMI. Research with more rigorous designs should be conducted to assess the potential effects of breakfast consumption on diet quality in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Hopkins
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa Sattler
- Agaston Urban Nutrition Initiative, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jessica C. Jones-Smith
- Department of Health Services, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, USA
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Global Obesity Prevention Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Study protocol: the Fueling Learning through Exercise (FLEX) study - a randomized controlled trial of the impact of school-based physical activity programs on children's physical activity, cognitive function, and academic achievement. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1078. [PMID: 27737676 PMCID: PMC5062882 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is critical to preventing childhood obesity and contributes to children's overall physical and cognitive health, yet fewer than half of all children achieve the recommended 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Schools are an ideal setting to meeting PA guidelines, but competing demands and limited resources have impacted PA opportunities. The Fueling Learning through Exercise (FLEX) Study is a randomized controlled trial that will evaluate the impact of two innovative school-based PA programs on children's MVPA, cognitive function, and academic outcomes. METHODS Twenty-four public elementary schools from low-income, ethnically diverse communities around Massachusetts were recruited and randomized to receive either 100 Mile Club® (walking/running program) or Just Move™ (classroom-based PA program) intervention, or control. Schoolchildren (grades 3-4, approximately 50 per school) were recruited to participate in evaluation. Primary outcome measures include PA via 7-day accelerometry (Actigraph GT3X+ and wGT3X-BT), cognitive assessments, and academic achievement via state standardized test scores. Additional measures include height and weight, surveys assessing psycho-social factors related to PA, and dietary intake. School-level surveys assess PA infrastructure and resources and intervention implementation. Data are collected at baseline, mid-point (5-6 months post-baseline), and post-intervention (approximately 1.5 years post-baseline). Demographic data were collected by parents/caregivers at baseline. Mixed-effect models will test the short- and long-term effects of both programs on minutes spent in MVPA, as well as secondary outcomes including cognitive and academic outcomes. DISCUSSION The FLEX study will evaluate strategies for increasing children's MVPA through two innovative, low-cost, school-based PA programs as well as their impact on children's cognitive functioning and academic success. Demonstration of a relationship between school-based MVPA with neutral or improved, rather than diminished, academic outcomes in a naturalistic environment has the potential to positively influence investment in school PA programs and initiatives. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02810834 . Registered May 11, 2015. (Retrospectively registered).
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Trude ACB, Kharmats AY, Hurley KM, Anderson Steeves E, Talegawkar SA, Gittelsohn J. Household, psychosocial, and individual-level factors associated with fruit, vegetable, and fiber intake among low-income urban African American youth. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:872. [PMID: 27558162 PMCID: PMC4997673 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity, one of the greatest challenges to public health, disproportionately affects low-income urban minority populations. Fruits and vegetables (FV) are nutrient dense foods that may be inversely associated with excessive weight gain. We aimed to identify the individual characteristic, psychosocial, and household factors influencing FV and fiber consumption in low-income African-American (AA) youth in Baltimore, MD. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of data collected from 285 low-income AA caregiver-youth (age range: 10-14 y) dyads participating in the baseline evaluation of the B'More Healthy Communities for Kids obesity prevention trial. The Kid's Block FFQ was used to estimate daily intakes of FV (including 100 % fruit juice) and dietary fiber. Questionnaires were used to assess household socio-demographics, caregiver and youth food purchasing and preparation behavior, and youth psychosocial information. Ordered logit regression analyses were conducted to examine psychosocial and food-related behavior associated with FV and dietary fiber intake (quartile of intake) controlling for youth age, sex, BMI percentile, total calorie intake and household income. RESULTS On average, youth consumed 1.5 ± 1.1 (M ± SD) servings of fruit, 1.8 ± 1.7 serving of vegetables, and 15.3 ± 10.9 g of fiber/day. There were no differences by gender, age or household income. Greater youth's healthy eating intentions and self-efficacy scores were associated with greater odds ratio for higher intake of FV and fiber (Intention: ORfruit 1.22; 95 % CI: 1.06-1.41, ORvegetable 1.31; 1.15-1.51 and ORfiber 1.46; 1.23-1.74, Self-efficacy: ORfruit 1.07; 1.03-1.12, ORvegetable 1.04; 1.01-1.09, ORfiber 1.10; 1.04-1.16). Youth receiving free/low-cost breakfast were more than twice as likely to have higher fiber intake than those who did not receive free breakfast (OR 2.7; 1.10; 6.9). In addition, youth shopping more frequently at supermarkets were more likely to have greater vegetable and fiber intake (OR 1.26; 1.06-1.50; OR 1.28; 1.03-1.58, respectively). Also, youth with parents who shopped more frequently at fast-food stores had 7 % lower odds for higher vegetable intake (95 % CI: 0.88-0.99). CONCLUSION In this study, both, youth and household factors were associated with youth FV and fiber intake, underscoring the need for a multi-level approach to increasing youths' diet quality. These results will inform and shape an effective intervention program for improving youth dietary intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cristina Bizzotto Trude
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Global Obesity Prevention Center and Center for Human Nutrition, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Anna Yevgenyevna Kharmats
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Global Obesity Prevention Center and Center for Human Nutrition, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kristen Marie Hurley
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Global Obesity Prevention Center and Center for Human Nutrition, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | | | - Sameera A. Talegawkar
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Global Obesity Prevention Center and Center for Human Nutrition, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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16
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Steeves EA, Jones-Smith J, Hopkins L, Gittelsohn J. Perceived Social Support From Friends and Parents for Eating Behavior and Diet Quality Among Low-Income, Urban, Minority Youth. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 48:304-310.e1. [PMID: 26865358 PMCID: PMC4865426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence of associations between social support and dietary intake among adolescents is mixed. This study examines relationships between social support for healthy and unhealthy eating from friends and parents, and associations with diet quality. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of survey data. SETTING Baltimore, MD. PARTICIPANTS 296 youth aged 9-15 years, 53% female, 91% African American, participating in the B'More Healthy Communities for Kids study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Primary dependent variable: diet quality measured using Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI) overall score, calculated from the Block Kids Food Frequency Questionnaire. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Social support from parents and friends for healthy eating (4 questions analyzed as a scale) and unhealthy eating (3 questions analyzed individually), age, gender, race, and household income, reported via questionnaire. ANALYSIS Adjusted multiple linear regressions (α, P < .05). RESULTS Friend and parent support for healthy eating did not have statistically significant relationships with overall HEI scores. Youth who reported their parents offering high-fat foods or sweets more frequently had lower overall HEI scores (β = -1.65; SE = 0.52; 95% confidence interval, -2.66 to -0.63). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results are novel and demonstrate the need for additional studies examining support for unhealthy eating. These preliminary findings may be relevant to researchers as they develop family-based nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Anderson Steeves
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1215 W. Cumberland Ave., 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-1920
| | - Jessica Jones-Smith
- Global Obesity Prevention Center, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street Room, W2041, Baltimore, MD 21205.
| | - Laura Hopkins
- Global Obesity Prevention Center, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street Room, W2041, Baltimore, MD 21205.
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Global Obesity Prevention Center, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street Room, W2041, Baltimore, MD 21205.
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Van Rompay MI, McKeown NM, Goodman E, Eliasziw M, Chomitz VR, Gordon CM, Economos CD, Sacheck JM. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Is Positively Associated with Baseline Triglyceride Concentrations, and Changes in Intake Are Inversely Associated with Changes in HDL Cholesterol over 12 Months in a Multi-Ethnic Sample of Children. J Nutr 2015; 145:2389-95. [PMID: 26338888 PMCID: PMC4580956 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.212662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is linked to greater cardiometabolic risk in adults. Although longitudinal evidence is sparse among children, SSB intake reduction is targeted to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in this group. OBJECTIVE We investigated characteristics associated with consumption of SSBs in a multi-ethnic sample of children/adolescents and measured cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between SSB intake and plasma HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs) over 12 mo. METHODS In a diverse cohort of children aged 8-15 y, cross-sectional associations (n = 613) between baseline SSB intake and blood lipid concentrations and longitudinal associations (n = 380) between mean SSB intake, changes in SSB intake, and lipid changes over 12 mo were assessed with multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Greater SSB intake was associated with lower socioeconomic status, higher total energy intake, lower fruit/vegetable intake, and more sedentary time. In cross-sectional analysis, greater SSB intake was associated with higher plasma TG concentrations among consumers (62.4, 65.3, and 71.6 mg/dL in children who consumed >0 but <2, ≥2 but <7, and ≥7 servings/wk, respectively; P-trend: 0.03); plasma HDL cholesterol showed no cross-sectional association. In the longitudinal analysis, mean SSB intake over 12 mo was not associated with lipid changes; however, the 12-mo increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration was greater among children who decreased their intake by ≥1 serving/wk (4.6 ± 0.8 mg/dL) compared with children whose intake stayed the same (2.0 ± 0.8 mg/dL) or increased (1.5 ± 0.8 mg/dL; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In a multi-ethnic sample of children, intake of SSBs was positively associated with TG concentrations among consumers, and changes in SSB intake were inversely associated with HDL cholesterol concentration changes over 12 mo. Further research in large diverse samples of children is needed to study the public health implications of reducing SSB intake among children of different racial/ethnic groups. The Daily D Health Study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01537809.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, and
| | - Elizabeth Goodman
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA;,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Misha Eliasziw
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Virginia R Chomitz
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine M Gordon
- Divisions of Adolescent Medicine and,Endocrinology, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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Heidelberger L, Smith C. The Food Environment Through the Camera Lenses of 9- to 13-Year-Olds Living in Urban, Low-Income, Midwestern Households: A Photovoice Project. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 47:437-45.e1. [PMID: 26142725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To pilot Photovoice methodology with low-income, urban 9- to 13-year-olds to gain insight about their food environment and to determine whether this methodology was engaging and acceptable to them. METHODS Photovoice methodology was used to allow children to represent their food environment. Twenty male and 9 female, low-income, 9- to 13-year-old children participated. Quantitative photograph analysis included quantity taken and usable internal/external and social environment and healthfulness categorizations. Qualitative analysis was conducted through open coding of interview transcripts. RESULTS A total of 345 usable photos were taken by the children (n = 29), depicting both healthy and unhealthy foods. Four themes were identified (1) food characteristics; (2) social environment; (3) kitchen, cooking, and dining environments; and (4) food insecurity. Unhealthy food was most readily available to children. Children reported a lack of functioning kitchen equipment and multiple physical and environmental challenges to consuming a healthy diet. Food insecurity was prevalent. Food stamps and food pantries were used to fill gaps in the home food supply. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Photovoice can be effective in engaging children in conversation about their food environment and increases understanding of their experiences with food. Photovoice can provide insight into the household food environments. This information can be used to tailor interventions to better reflect the living environment and eating behaviors in low-income populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chery Smith
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN.
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Alaimo K, Oleksyk S, Golzynski D, Drzal N, Lucarelli J, Reznar M, Wen Y, Krabill Yoder K. The Michigan Healthy School Action Tools process generates improvements in school nutrition policies and practices, and student dietary intake. Health Promot Pract 2015; 16:401-10. [PMID: 25733730 DOI: 10.1177/1524839915573923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Michigan Healthy School Action Tools (HSAT) is an online self-assessment and action planning process for schools seeking to improve their health policies and practices. The School Nutrition Advances Kids study, a 2-year quasi-experimental intervention with low-income middle schools, evaluated whether completing the HSAT with a facilitator assistance and small grant funding resulted in (1) improvements in school nutrition practices and policies and (2) improvements in student dietary intake. A total of 65 low-income Michigan middle schools participated in the study. The Block Youth Food Frequency Questionnaire was completed by 1,176 seventh-grade students at baseline and in eighth grade (during intervention). Schools reported nutrition-related policies and practices/education using the School Environment and Policy Survey. Schools completing the HSAT were compared to schools that did not complete the HSAT with regard to number of policy and practice changes and student dietary intake. Schools that completed the HSAT made significantly more nutrition practice/education changes than schools that did not complete the HSAT, and students in those schools made dietary improvements in fruit, fiber, and cholesterol intake. The Michigan HSAT process is an effective strategy to initiate improvements in nutrition policies and practices within schools, and to improve student dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nick Drzal
- Michigan Department of Education, Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Yalu Wen
- University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
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Liese AD, Crandell JL, Tooze JA, Fangman MT, Couch SC, Merchant AT, Bell RA, Mayer-Davis EJ. Relative validity and reliability of an FFQ in youth with type 1 diabetes. Public Health Nutr 2015; 18:428-37. [PMID: 24679679 PMCID: PMC4353637 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative validity and reliability of the SEARCH FFQ that was modified from the Block Kids Questionnaire. DESIGN Study participants completed the eighty-five-item FFQ twice plus three 24 h dietary recalls within one month. We estimated correlations between frequencies obtained from participants with the true usual intake for food groups and nutrients, using a two-part model for episodically consumed foods and measurement error adjustment. SETTING The multi-centre SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Nutrition Ancillary Study. SUBJECTS A subgroup of 172 participants aged 10-24 years with type 1 diabetes. RESULTS The mean correlations, adjusted for measurement error, of food groups and nutrients between the FFQ and true usual intake were 0·41 and 0·38, respectively, with 57 % of food groups and 70 % of nutrients exhibiting correlations >0·35. Correlations were high for low-fat dairy (0·80), sugar-sweetened beverages (0·54), cholesterol (0·59) and saturated fat (0·51), while correlations were poor for high-fibre bread and cereal (0·16) and folate (0·11). Reliability of FFQ intake based on two FFQ administrations was also reasonable, with 54 % of Pearson correlation coefficients ≥0·5. Reliability was high for low-fat dairy (0·7), vegetables (0·6), carbohydrates, fibre, folate and vitamin C (all 0·5), but less than desirable for low-fat poultry and high-fibre bread, cereal, rice and pasta (0·2-0·3). CONCLUSIONS While there is some room for improvement, our findings suggest that the SEARCH FFQ performs quite well for the assessment of many nutrients and food groups in a sample of youth with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jamie L Crandell
- School of Nursing and Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janet A Tooze
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mary T Fangman
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah C Couch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ronny A Bell
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Alaimo K, Oleksyk SC, Drzal NB, Golzynski DL, Lucarelli JF, Wen Y, Velie EM. Effects of changes in lunch-time competitive foods, nutrition practices, and nutrition policies on low-income middle-school children's diets. Child Obes 2013; 9:509-23. [PMID: 24215386 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2013.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The School Nutrition Advances Kids project tested the effectiveness of school-initiated and state-recommended school nutrition practice and policy changes on student dietary intake in low-income middle schools. METHODS Schools recruited by an application for grant funding were randomly assigned to (1) complete an assessment of nutrition education, policies, and environments using the Healthy School Action Tools (HSAT) and implement an action plan, (2) complete the HSAT, implement an action plan, and convene a student nutrition action team, (3) complete the HSAT and implement an action plan and a Michigan State Board of Education nutrition policy in their cafeteria à la carte, or (4) a control group. All intervention schools were provided with funding and assistance to make self-selected nutrition practice, policy, or education changes. Block Youth Food Frequency Questionnaires were completed by 1176 seventh-grade students from 55 schools at baseline and during eighth-grade follow-up. Nutrient density and food group changes for the intervention groups were compared to the control group, controlling for baseline dietary intake values, gender, race/ethnicity, school kitchen type, urbanization, and percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. Analyses were conducted by randomization and based on changes the schools self-selected. RESULTS Improvements in students' nutrient density and food group intake were found when schools implemented at least three new nutrition practice changes and established at least three new nutrition policies. Students in schools that introduced mostly healthful foods in competitive venues at lunch demonstrated the most dietary improvements. CONCLUSIONS New USDA nutrition standards for à la carte and vending will likely increase the healthfulness of middle school children's diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Alaimo
- 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI
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Smith C, Franzen‐Castle L. Dietary acculturation and body composition predict American Mmong children's blood pressure. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:666-74. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chery Smith
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Lisa Franzen‐Castle
- Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska‐Lincoln, Scottsbluff, Nebraska
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Fung EB, Xu Y, Trachtenberg F, Odame I, Kwiatkowski JL, Neufeld EJ, Thompson AA, Boudreaux J, Quinn CT, Vichinsky EP. Inadequate dietary intake in patients with thalassemia. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012; 112:980-90. [PMID: 22551675 PMCID: PMC3419338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with thalassemia have low circulating levels of many nutrients, but the contribution of dietary intake has not been assessed. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess dietary intake in a large contemporary sample of subjects with thalassemia. DESIGN A prospective, longitudinal cohort study using a validated food frequency questionnaire was conducted. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Two hundred and twenty-one subjects (19.7±11.3 years, 106 were female) were categorized into the following age groups: young children (3 to 7.9 years), older children/adolescents (8 to 18.9 years), and adults (19 years or older); 78.8% had β-thalassemia and 90% were chronically transfused. This study took place at 10 hematology outpatient clinics in the United States and Canada. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We conducted a comparison of intake with US Dietary Reference Intakes and correlated dietary intake of vitamin D with serum 25-OH vitamin D and dietary iron with total body iron stores. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Intake was defined as inadequate if it was less than the estimated average requirement. χ(2), Fisher's exact, and Student's t test were used to compare intake between age categories and logistic regression analysis to test the relationship between intake and outcomes, controlling for age, sex, and race. RESULTS More than 30% of subjects consumed inadequate levels of vitamin A, D, E, K, folate, calcium, and magnesium. The only nutrients for which >90% of subjects consumed adequate amounts were riboflavin, vitamin B-12, and selenium. Dietary inadequacy increased with increasing age group (P<0.01) for vitamins A, C, E, B-6, folate, thiamin, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. More than half of the sample took additional supplements of calcium and vitamin D, although circulating levels of 25-OH vitamin D remained insufficient in 61% of subjects. Dietary iron intake was not related to total body iron stores. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with thalassemia have reduced intake of many key nutrients. These preliminary findings of dietary inadequacy are concerning and support the need for nutritional monitoring to determine which subjects are at greatest risk for nutritional deficiency. Future research should focus on the effect of dietary quality and nutritional status on health outcomes in thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen B. Fung
- Ellen B. Fung, PhD RD CCD, Department of Hematology, Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland, HEDCO Health Sciences Center, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, Tel: 510-428-3885 x 4939; Fax: 510-450-5877,
| | - Yan Xu
- Yan Xu, MS, New England Research Institutes, Inc., Tel: (617) 923-7747 Fax: (617) 673-9528, Current Email Contact Information:
| | - Felicia Trachtenberg
- Felicia Trachtenberg, PhD, New England Research Institutes, Inc., 9 Galen Street, Watertown, MA 02472, Tel: (617) 923-7747 x420 Fax: (617) 673-9528,
| | - Isaac Odame
- Isaac Odame, MD, Department of Hematology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada, Tel: (416) 813-5643 Fax: (416) 813-5327,
| | - Janet L. Kwiatkowski
- Janet L. Kwiatkowski, MD MSCE, Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard; Children's Seashore House, Hematology Room 449, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Tel: (215) 590-5286 Fax: (215) 590-3694,
| | - Ellis J. Neufeld
- Ellis J. Neufeld, MD, Department of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Boston, MA, 300 Longwood Avenue, Hematology NRB-8210, Boston, MA 02115, Tel: (617) 919-2139 Fax: (617) 730-0934,
| | - Alexis A. Thompson
- Alexis A. Thompson, Department of Hematology, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box #30, Chicago, IL 60614, Tel: (773) 880-6381 Fax: (773) 880-6989,
| | - Jeanne Boudreaux
- Jeanne Boudreaux, MD, Hematology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, GA, 5455 Meridian Mark Road, NE #400, Atlanta, CA 30342, Tel: (404) 785-3240 Fax: (404) 785-3619,
| | - Charles T. Quinn
- Charles T. Quinn, MD MS, Director, Hematology Clinical and Translational Research Associate, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, Tel: 513-803-3086 Fax: 513-636-3549,
| | - Elliott P. Vichinsky
- Elliott Vichinsky, MD, Department of Hematology, Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland, 747 52 Street, Oakland, CA 94609, Tel: 510-428-3651; Fax: 510-450-5647,
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Comparison of the Block Kid's Food Frequency Questionnaire with a 24 h dietary recall methodology among Hmong-American children, 9-18 years of age. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:346-52. [PMID: 22716765 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hmong are one of the immigrant Asian subgroups with increasing rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD. Despite their population growth in the USA and declining health status, no research has investigated the appropriateness of dietary assessment measures, including FFQ and 24 h dietary recalls among Hmong. The present study compared the nutrient information obtained through a 24 h dietary recall method with that collected using the Block Kid's Food Frequency Questionnaire (Block FFQ) among Hmong-American children (n 335) of 9-18 years of age. For this purpose, two 24 h dietary recalls were collected during non-consecutive days and averaged for comparison. The Block FFQ was administered on the day of the second 24 h recall and the two methodologies were also compared using t tests. Among all children, Block FFQ nutrient estimates for vitamin A, vitamin C and food group servings for vegetables and fruits were significantly higher than those assessed through the 24 h dietary recalls (P< 0.001). Nutrient estimates for protein and food group servings for grains and meat and beans were significantly higher among all participants when assessed through the 24 h dietary recalls than through the Block FFQ (P< 0.05). The results suggest that the Block FFQ does not appear to be a good measure of protein, grain, and meat and bean intake among Hmong children of 9-18 years of age, and the 24 h dietary recall offers a better account of the Hmong diet and is inclusive of ethnic food options otherwise missed in the Block FFQ. We recommend the modification of the current Block FFQ to appropriately reflect cultural food/beverage items of the population in interest.
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Acharya K, Feese M, Franklin F, Kabagambe EK. Body mass index and dietary intake among Head Start children and caregivers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 2011; 111:1314-21. [PMID: 21872694 PMCID: PMC3164795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US Head Start program serves low-income preschoolers and their caregivers and provides an opportunity for assessment and intervention on obesity. We sought to determine the prevalence of obesity among children and their caregivers and to identify variables that are associated with child body mass index (BMI) z scores and caregiver BMI. DESIGN/SETTING Cross-sectional data on diet and BMI from 770 caregiver-child dyads recruited from 57 Head Start centers in Alabama and Texas. METHODS Height and weight of each caregiver and child were measured using standardized protocols. Dietary intakes of caregiver-child dyads were collected using three 24-hour dietary recalls and Block food frequency questionnaires. Data were collected between September 2004 and November 2005. The larger Food Pyramid categories were divided into 17 food consumption groups and tested for their association with child BMI z scores. Analysis of variance was used to test if food groups were significantly associated with child BMI z score. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity among children was 18.4%, 24.3%, and 37.3% among black, Hispanic, and white children, respectively (P<0.0001), whereas it was 58.3%, 41.4%, and 41.6% among black, Hispanic, and white caregivers, respectively (P<0.0001). Child BMI z scores and caregiver BMIs were correlated (r=0.16, P<0.0001). In multivariable models, children were 1.90 (95% confidence interval 1.31-2.74) times more likely to have BMI ≥95th percentile if their caregiver was obese. Five variables (fruits, unsweetened beverages, low-fat dairy, race, and caregiver's BMI) were significantly associated with child BMI z scores. Fruits were inversely related, whereas unsweetened beverages, low-fat dairy, and caregiver's BMI were positively associated with child BMI z score (P<0.03). Compared to whites, black and Hispanic children had lower BMI z scores (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of obesity in this population together with the observed inverse association between fruit consumption and BMI, if replicated in other studies, suggests that interventions that promote fruit consumption could have beneficial effects on child BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Acharya
- Research Assistant, Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Address: 1665 University Blvd, RPHB 320, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022
| | - Michelle Feese
- Program Manager, Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Address: 1665 University Blvd, RPHB 507, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, Tel: (205) 975-8633; Fax: (205) 996-4932,
| | - Frank Franklin
- Professor Emeritus of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Address: 1665 University Blvd, RPHB 320, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, Phone: (205) 934-7161; Fax: (205) 934-8248,
| | - Edmond K. Kabagambe
- Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Address: 1665 University Blvd, RPHB 230M, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, Tel: (205) 934-2950; Fax: (205) 934-8665,
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Garcia-Dominic O, Treviño RP, Echon RM, Mobley C, Block T, Bizzari A, Michalek J. Improving quality of Food Frequency Questionnaire response in low-income Mexican American children. Health Promot Pract 2011; 13:763-71. [PMID: 21525418 DOI: 10.1177/1524839911405847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors evaluated the validity and reliability of the Block Kids Food Frequency Questionnaire (BKFFQ) and the Block Kid Screener (BKScreener) in Mexican American children living along the Texas-Mexico border who participated in the National Institutes of Health-funded Proyecto Bienestar Laredo. The Bienestar/NEEMA health program is a school-based diabetes and obesity control program, and the Proyecto Bienestar Laredo is the translation of the Bienestar/NEEMA health program to 38 elementary schools in Laredo, Texas. Par ticipants included 2,376 eight-year-old boys (48%) and girls (52%) from two school districts in Laredo. Two Food Frequency Questionnaire (BKFFQ and BKScreener) dietary intakes were collected, and an expert panel of nutritionist assigned a classification response quality of "Good," "Questionable," and "Poor," based on playfulness (systematic or nonrandom) patterns and completion rates. In addition, both instruments were assessed for reliability (test-retest) in 138 students from a San Antonio School District. Children's height, weight, percentage body fat, reported family history of diabetes, and Texas Assessments of Knowledge and Skills in reading and mathematics scores were collected. This study showed that for Mexican American children living along the Texas-Mexico border, within the time constraints of the classroom, BKScreener yielded better data than the BKFFQ.
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Kissinger L, Lorenzana R, Mittl B, Lasrado M, Iwenofu S, Olivo V, Helba C, Capoeman P, Williams AH. Development of a computer-assisted personal interview software system for collection of tribal fish consumption data. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2010; 30:1833-1841. [PMID: 20626689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The authors developed a computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) seafood consumption survey tool from existing Pacific NW Native American seafood consumption survey methodology. The software runs on readily available hardware and software, and is easily configured for different cultures and seafood resources. The CAPI is used with a booklet of harvest location maps and species and portion size images. The use of a CAPI facilitates tribal administration of seafood consumption surveys, allowing cost-effective collection of scientifically defensible data and tribal management of data and data interpretation. Use of tribal interviewers reduces potential bias and discomfort that may be associated with nontribal interviewers. The CAPI contains a 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire, and assesses seasonal seafood consumption and temporal changes in consumption. EPA's methodology for developing ambient water quality criteria for tribes assigns a high priority to local data. The CAPI will satisfy this guidance objective. Survey results will support development of tribal water quality standards on their lands and assessment of seafood consumption-related contaminant risks and nutritional benefits. CAPI advantages over paper surveys include complex question branching without raising respondent burden, more complete interviews due to answer error and range checking, data transcription error elimination, printing and mailing cost elimination, and improved data storage. The survey instrument was pilot tested among the Quinault Nation in 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lon Kissinger
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kang H, Jung HJ, Paik HY. Analysis of Foods and Nutrients Intake Obtained at the Final Probing Step in 24-hour Recall Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4163/kjn.2009.42.2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hera Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hee Young Paik
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Relative reliability and validity of the Block Kids Questionnaire among youth aged 10 to 17 years. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 108:862-6. [PMID: 18442512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study tested the reliability and validity of the Block Kids Questionnaire to assess diet during the past 7 days. Within a 7-day period, 10- to 17-year-old children and adolescents completed two 24-hour dietary recalls by telephone, followed by the Block Kids Questionnaire at the end of the week. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlations for 18 participants who completed a second Block Kids Questionnaire 1 month later. Validity of the Block Kids Questionnaire compared to the 24-hour dietary recall was assessed for the whole sample and by age group using paired t tests and Pearson correlation coefficients adjusted for attenuation and energy intake. Participants were 83 children and adolescents (57% Hispanic, 21% African-American, and 23% white; 53% were female subjects, mean age 13 years). The Block Kids Questionnaire mean daily consumption values were higher for percent energy from carbohydrate, and servings of fruit, 100% fruit juice, and vegetables, and lower for all other categories compared to the 24-hour dietary recall. All reliability intraclass correlations were >0.30, except percent energy from protein and fruit/vegetable servings. Significant differences in the means between the two dietary assessment methods were noted for most nutrients/food groups. The adjusted correlation coefficients ranged from 0.69 for percent energy from carbohydrate to -0.03 for grain servings, with 60% of the food group servings <0.18. Overall, the majority of the correlation coefficients for children aged >12 years were higher than those aged < or =12 years. These results suggest that the Block Kids Questionnaire has validity for some nutrients, but not most food groups assessed, and appears more useful for adolescents.
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Penkilo M, George GC, Hoelscher DM. Reproducibility of the School-Based Nutrition Monitoring Questionnaire among fourth-grade students in Texas. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2008; 40:20-27. [PMID: 18174100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2007.04.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess reproducibility of a School-Based Nutrition Monitoring (SBNM) questionnaire for fourth-grade students. DESIGN Test-retest. SETTING Fourth-grade elementary school classrooms PARTICIPANTS Multiethnic fourth-grade students from 2 area school districts (N = 322). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reproducibility coefficients with time intervals between questionnaire administrations of 2 hours for the yesterday food choice and physical activity questions or 2 weeks for the nutrition knowledge and attitude questions. ANALYSIS Spearman rank order correlation, percent agreement, and Kappa statistic calculated for each individual questionnaire item. RESULTS Of 43 questions that were included in the reproducibility analyses, test-retest kappa values were moderate to high (greater than 0.40) for more than 90% of the questions (39 questions). Spearman coefficients were greater than 0.70 for 24 questions, whereas percent agreement exceeded 75% for 28 questions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The SBNM questionnaire showed good to excellent reproducibility for nutrition behavior questions, physical activity, weight behavior, and food selection skills overall. However, questions that assessed nutrition knowledge and attitudes were not as reproducible, probably resulting from learning effects over time. Results from the study indicate that this questionnaire can be easily administered in an elementary school classroom and can be used to measure nutrition behaviors among 9- to 10-year-old school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Penkilo
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, TX 78701, USA
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Carrera PM, Gao X, Tucker KL. A Study of Dietary Patterns in the Mexican-American Population and Their Association with Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 107:1735-42. [PMID: 17904933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 indicate that prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise among Mexican Americans. Little is know about the dietary factors associated with this trend. Ethnic groups have different dietary patterns based on their geographical locations and cultural influences. We examined the dietary patterns of Mexican Americans and their association with total and central obesity. We hypothesized that Mexican-American adults following a traditional diet would have a lower prevalence of obesity than those following a more typical American diet. SUBJECTS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 included 659 Mexican-American adults, ages 18 years and older. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Dietary patterns were defined by cluster analysis of food group variables, expressed as percentage contribution to total energy intake. Obesity was assessed by body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) and central obesity by waist circumference. RESULTS We defined four dietary patterns, each named for the food groups that were most predominant relative to the other clusters: poultry and alcohol, milk and baked products, traditional Mexican, and meat. Surprisingly, we did not identify a clear "healthy pattern" group in this population, as has been generally observed in other ethnic groups. Although the traditional Mexican diet contains relatively high intakes of legumes and dietary fiber, it also was high in cholesterol. Contrary to our hypothesis, those consuming the traditional Mexican diet pattern had high BMI and waist circumference values, which did not differ significantly from other groups. CONCLUSION In this representative population of Mexican-American adults, we identified distinct dietary patterns, but these were not significantly associated with obesity. Rather, obesity was prevalent in all diet groups. More details on possible changes within the traditional pattern, including use of fast food vs home-prepared Mexican foods, are needed to better understand how diet can be associated with obesity in this population.
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