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Zhang P, Zhang J, Kou W, Gu G, Zhang Y, Shi W, Chu P, Liang D, Sun G, Shang J. Comprehensive analysis of a pyroptosis-related gene signature of clinical and biological values in spinal cord injury. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1141939. [PMID: 37273699 PMCID: PMC10237016 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1141939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since some of the clinical examinations are not suitable for patients with severe spinal cord injury (SCI), blood biomarkers have been reported to reflect the severity of SCI. The objective of this study was to screen out the potential biomarkers associated with the diagnosis of SCI by bioinformatics analysis. Methods The microarray expression profiles of SCI were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Core genes correlated to pyroptosis were obtained by crossing the differential genes, and module genes were obtained by WGCNA analysis and lasso regression. The immune infiltration analysis and GSEA analysis revealed the essential effect of immune cells in the progression of SCI. In addition, the accuracy of the biomarkers in diagnosing SCI was subsequently evaluated and verified using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and qRT-PCR. Results A total of 423 DEGs were identified, among which 319 genes were upregulated and 104 genes were downregulated. Based on the WGCNA analysis, six potential biomarkers were screened out, including LIN7A, FCGR1A, FGD4, GPR27, BLOC1S1, and GALNT4. The results of ROC curves demonstrated the accurate value of biomarkers related to SCI. The immune infiltration analysis and GSEA analysis revealed the essential effect of immune cells in the progression of SCI, including macrophages, natural killer cells, and neutrophils. The qRT-PCR results verified that FGD4, FCAR1A, LIN7A, BLOC1S1, and GPR27 were significantly upregulated in SCI patients. Conclusion In this study, we identified and verified five immune pyroptosis-related hub genes by WGCNA and biological experiments. It is expected that the five identified potential biomarkers in peripheral white blood cells may provide a novel strategy for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Kou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Disinfection Monitoring, Yongji Disease Control and Prevention Center, Yongji, Shanxi, China
| | - Guangjin Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaning Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Weihan Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Dachuan Liang
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Shanxi Medical College Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Guangwei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Pleiotropic effects of BDNF on the cerebellum and hippocampus: Implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 163:105606. [PMID: 34974125 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most studied neurotrophins in the mammalian brain, essential not only to the development of the central nervous system but also to synaptic plasticity. BDNF is present in various brain areas, but highest levels of expression are seen in the cerebellum and hippocampus. After birth, BDNF acts in the cerebellum as a mitogenic and chemotactic factor, stimulating the cerebellar granule cell precursors to proliferate, migrate and maturate, while in the hippocampus BDNF plays a fundamental role in synaptic transmission and plasticity, representing a key regulator for the long-term potentiation, learning and memory. Furthermore, the expression of BDNF is highly regulated and changes of its expression are associated with both physiological and pathological conditions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the BDNF biology and its neurotrophic role in the proper development and functioning of neurons and synapses in two important brain areas of postnatal neurogenesis, the cerebellum and hippocampus. Dysregulation of BDNF expression and signaling, resulting in alterations in neuronal maturation and plasticity in both systems, is a common hallmark of several neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder, suggesting that neuronal malfunction present in these disorders is the result of excessive or reduced of BDNF support. We believe that the more the relevance of the pathophysiological actions of BDNF, and its downstream signals, in early postnatal development will be highlighted, the more likely it is that new neuroprotective therapeutic strategies will be identified in the treatment of various neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Mei S, Chen W, Chen S, Hu Y, Dai X, Liu X. Evaluation of the Relationship Between BDNF Val66Met Gene Polymorphism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:888774. [PMID: 35573386 PMCID: PMC9096026 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.888774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder in childhood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is widely distributed in the central nervous system and plays an important role in neural development. Despite several previous studies have examined the association between the Val66Met polymorphism BDNF and ADHD, the results are conflicting. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between Val66Met polymorphism and ADHD in case-control and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) studies using a meta-analysis. METHODS Keywords "rs6265" or "Val66Met" and "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" were used to search in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases before April 2021. Genotype data were extracted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Fifteen studies, comprising of 8,692 samples (containing 4,364 cases, 4,328 controls) and 1,578 families were included and results demonstrated that rs6265 was not associated with susceptibility to ADHD (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.87-1.04, P = 0.291). Stratified analyses by study design, ethnicity, and sample size further supported that rs6265 was not associated with ADHD. CONCLUSION The present study shows that the polymorphism of the BDNF Val66Met gene is not associated with susceptibility to ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Mei
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Wencai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Yani Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
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ADHD: Reviewing the Causes and Evaluating Solutions. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030166. [PMID: 33804365 PMCID: PMC7999417 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which patients present inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The etiology of this condition is diverse, including environmental factors and the presence of variants of some genes. However, a great diversity exists among patients regarding the presence of these ADHD-associated factors. Moreover, there are variations in the reported neurophysiological correlates of ADHD. ADHD is often treated pharmacologically, producing an improvement in symptomatology, albeit there are patients who are refractory to the main pharmacological treatments or present side effects to these drugs, highlighting the importance of developing other therapeutic options. Different non-pharmacological treatments are in this review addressed, finding diverse results regarding efficacy. Altogether, ADHD is associated with different etiologies, all of them producing changes in brain development, leading to the characteristic symptomatology of this condition. Given the heterogeneous etiology of ADHD, discussion is presented about the convenience of personalizing ADHD treatment, whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological, to reach an optimum effect in the majority of patients. Approaches to personalizing both pharmacological therapy and neurofeedback are presented.
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Functions of Rhotekin, an Effector of Rho GTPase, and Its Binding Partners in Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072121. [PMID: 30037057 PMCID: PMC6073136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhotekin is an effector protein for small GTPase Rho. This protein consists of a Rho binding domain (RBD), a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, two proline-rich regions and a C-terminal PDZ (PSD-95, Discs-large, and ZO-1)-binding motif. We, and other groups, have identified various binding partners for Rhotekin and carried out biochemical and cell biological characterization. However, the physiological functions of Rhotekin, per se, are as of yet largely unknown. In this review, we summarize known features of Rhotekin and its binding partners in neuronal tissues and cancer cells.
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Lee YH, Song GG. BDNF 196 G/A and COMT Val158Met Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to ADHD: A Meta-Analysis. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:872-877. [PMID: 25691534 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715570389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) 196 G/A or catechol- O-methyltransferase ( COMT) Val158Met polymorphisms is associated with susceptibility to ADHD. METHOD We conducted a meta-analysis of the associations between the BDNF 196 G/A and COMT Val158Met polymorphisms and ADHD. RESULTS Sixteen studies consisting of 3,594 patients with ADHD and 4,040 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Our results showed no association between ADHD and the BDNF 196A allele in all participants (odds ratio [OR] = 0.958, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.800, 1.146], p = .638), European or Asian population. Meta-analysis indicated no association between ADHD and the COMT G allele in all study participants (OR = 1.078, 95% CI = [0.962, 1.207], p = .196), European or Asian population. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed a lack of association between the BDNF 196 G/A and COMT Val158Met polymorphisms and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- 1 Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwan Gyu Song
- 1 Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Nunes F, Pochmann D, Almeida AS, Marques DM, Porciúncula LDO. Differential Behavioral and Biochemical Responses to Caffeine in Male and Female Rats from a Validated Model of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8486-8498. [PMID: 29557061 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest sex differences in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology. The potential benefits of caffeine have been reported in the management of ADHD, but its effects were not properly addressed with respect to sex differences. The present study examined the effects of caffeine (0.3 g/L) administered since childhood in the behavior and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its related proteins in both sexes of a rat model of ADHD (spontaneously hypertensive rats-SHR). Hyperlocomotion, recognition, and spatial memory disturbances were observed in adolescent SHR rats from both sexes. However, females showed lack of habituation and worsened spatial memory. Although caffeine was effective against recognition memory impairment in both sexes, spatial memory was recovered only in female SHR rats. Besides, female SHR rats showed exacerbated hyperlocomotion after caffeine treatment. SHR rats from both sexes presented increases in the BDNF, truncated and phospho-TrkB receptors and also phospho-CREB levels in the hippocampus. Caffeine normalized BDNF in males and truncated TrkB receptor at both sexes. These findings provide insight into the potential of caffeine against fully cognitive impairment displayed by females in the ADHD model. Besides, our data revealed that caffeine intake since childhood attenuated behavioral alterations in the ADHD model associated with changes in BDNF and TrkB receptors in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Nunes
- Laboratory of Studies on the Purinergic System, Department of Biochemistry, Health and Basic Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- Laboratory of Studies on the Purinergic System, Department of Biochemistry, Health and Basic Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Amanda Staldoni Almeida
- Laboratory of Studies on the Purinergic System, Department of Biochemistry, Health and Basic Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | - Lisiane de Oliveira Porciúncula
- Laboratory of Studies on the Purinergic System, Department of Biochemistry, Health and Basic Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Vogel SWN, Bijlenga D, Verduijn J, Bron TI, Beekman ATF, Kooij JJS, Penninx BWJH. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and stress-related biomarkers. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 79:31-39. [PMID: 28249186 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined whether (a) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms were associated with dysregulation of stress-related mechanisms, and (b) whether ADHD symptoms interact with affective disorders in their association with dysregulated stress-related mechanisms. METHODS Data were obtained from 2307 subjects participating in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Stress-related mechanisms were reflected by the following biomarkers: (1) hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis indicators (salivary cortisol awakening curve, evening cortisol, cortisol suppression after a 0.5mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST)); (2) autonomic nervous system measures (heart rate, pre-ejection period, respiratory sinus arrhythmia); (3) inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha); (4) brain-derived neurotrophic factor. ADHD symptoms were measured using Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale and used both dichotomous (High ADHD symptoms (yes/no)) and continuous (Inattentive symptoms, Hyperactive/Impulsive symptoms, and the ADHD index). RESULTS Regression analyses showed associations between High ADHD symptoms, Inattentive symptoms, the ADHD index and a higher cortisol awakening curve, between Hyperactive/Impulsive symptoms and less cortisol suppression after DST, and between Inattentive symptoms and a longer pre-ejection period. However, the associations with the cortisol awakening curve disappeared after adjustment for depressive and anxiety disorders. No associations were observed between ADHD symptoms and inflammatory markers or BDNF. ADHD symptoms did not interact with affective disorders in dysregulation of stress-related mechanisms. CONCLUSION Some associations were observed between ADHD symptoms, the HPA-axis, and the pre-ejection period, but these were mostly driven by depressive and anxiety disorders. This study found no evidence that ADHD symptomatology was associated with dysregulations in inflammatory markers and BDNF. Consequently, ADHD symptoms did not confer an added risk to the disturbances of stress-related mechanisms in an - already at-risk - population with affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W N Vogel
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - D Bijlenga
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - J Verduijn
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T I Bron
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - A T F Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J S Kooij
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Malki K, Du Rietz E, Crusio WE, Pain O, Paya-Cano J, Karadaghi RL, Sluyter F, de Boer SF, Sandnabba K, Schalkwyk LC, Asherson P, Tosto MG. Transcriptome analysis of genes and gene networks involved in aggressive behavior in mouse and zebrafish. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:827-38. [PMID: 27090961 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite moderate heritability estimates, the molecular architecture of aggressive behavior remains poorly characterized. This study compared gene expression profiles from a genetic mouse model of aggression with zebrafish, an animal model traditionally used to study aggression. A meta-analytic, cross-species approach was used to identify genomic variants associated with aggressive behavior. The Rankprod algorithm was used to evaluated mRNA differences from prefrontal cortex tissues of three sets of mouse lines (N = 18) selectively bred for low and high aggressive behavior (SAL/LAL, TA/TNA, and NC900/NC100). The same approach was used to evaluate mRNA differences in zebrafish (N = 12) exposed to aggressive or non-aggressive social encounters. Results were compared to uncover genes consistently implicated in aggression across both studies. Seventy-six genes were differentially expressed (PFP < 0.05) in aggressive compared to non-aggressive mice. Seventy genes were differentially expressed in zebrafish exposed to a fight encounter compared to isolated zebrafish. Seven genes (Fos, Dusp1, Hdac4, Ier2, Bdnf, Btg2, and Nr4a1) were differentially expressed across both species 5 of which belonging to a gene-network centred on the c-Fos gene hub. Network analysis revealed an association with the MAPK signaling cascade. In human studies HDAC4 haploinsufficiency is a key genetic mechanism associated with brachydactyly mental retardation syndrome (BDMR), which is associated with aggressive behaviors. Moreover, the HDAC4 receptor is a drug target for valproic acid, which is being employed as an effective pharmacological treatment for aggressive behavior in geriatric, psychiatric, and brain-injury patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Malki
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Ebba Du Rietz
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Wim E Crusio
- University of Bordeaux, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France
| | - Oliver Pain
- Centre of Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom.,Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Paya-Cano
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Rezhaw L Karadaghi
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Frans Sluyter
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Sietse F de Boer
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary LifeSciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Sandnabba
- Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Leonard C Schalkwyk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Grazia Tosto
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom.,Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioural Genetics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic, pharmacogenetic and biochemical studies. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:872-84. [PMID: 27217152 PMCID: PMC5414093 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The adult form of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has a prevalence of up to 5% and is the most severe long-term outcome of this common disorder. Family studies in clinical samples as well as twin studies suggest a familial liability and consequently different genes were investigated in association studies. Pharmacotherapy with methylphenidate (MPH) seems to be the first-line treatment of choice in adults with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and some studies were conducted on the genes influencing the response to this drug. Finally some peripheral biomarkers were identified in ADHD adult patients. We believe this work is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of candidate gene association studies, pharmacogenetic and biochemical (metabolomics) studies performed in adults with ADHD to identify potential genetic, predictive and peripheral markers linked specifically to ADHD in adults. After screening 5129 records, we selected 87 studies of which 61 were available for candidate gene association studies, 5 for pharmacogenetics and 21 for biochemical studies. Of these, 15 genetic, 2 pharmacogenetic and 6 biochemical studies were included in the meta-analyses. We obtained an association between adult ADHD and the gene BAIAP2 (brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2), even after Bonferroni correction, with any heterogeneity in effect size and no publication bias. If we did not apply the Bonferroni correction, a trend was found for the carriers allele 9R of dopamine transporter SLC6A3 40 bp variable tandem repeat polymorphism (VNTR) and for 6/6 homozygotes of SLC6A3 30 bp VNTR. Negative results were obtained for the 9-6 haplotype, the dopamine receptor DRD4 48 bp VNTR, and the enzyme COMT SNP rs4680. Concerning pharmacogenetic studies, no association was found for the SLC6A3 40 bp and response to MPH with only two studies selected. For the metabolomics studies, no differences between ADHD adults and controls were found for salivary cortisol, whereas lower serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were found in ADHD adults. This last association was significant even after Bonferroni correction and in absence of heterogeneity. Other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as AA (arachidonic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DyLA (dihomogammalinolenic acid) levels were not different between patients and controls. No publication biases were observed for these markers. Genes linked to dopaminergic, serotoninergic and noradrenergic signaling, metabolism (DBH, TPH1, TPH2, DDC, MAOA, MAOB, BCHE and TH), neurodevelopment (BDNF and others), the SNARE system and other forty genes/proteins related to different pathways were not meta-analyzed due to insufficient data. In conclusion, we found that there were not enough genetic, pharmacogenetic and biochemical studies of ADHD in adults and that more investigations are needed. Moreover we confirmed a significant role of BAIAP2 and DHA in the etiology of ADHD exclusively in adults. Future research should be focused on the replication of these findings and to assess their specificity for ADHD.
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Association of peripheral BDNF level with cognition, attention and behavior in preschool children. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2016; 10:10. [PMID: 27200107 PMCID: PMC4872344 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-016-0097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been reported to affect development, cognition, attention and behavior. However, few studies have investigated preschool children with regard to these areas. We evaluated the relationship between cognition, attention and peripheral blood concentration of BDNF in preschool children. METHODS Twenty-eight children (mean age: 6.16 ± 0.60 years) were recruited. For all subjects, serum and plasma BDNF levels were assessed; intelligence was assessed using the Korean standardisation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (KEDI-WISC); attention was assessed using the computerised continuous performance test (CCPT), the children's color trails test (CCTT), the Stroop color-word test for preschool children, and the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder rating scale (K-ARS); and finally emotional and behavioral problems were assessed using the child behavior checklist (K-CBCL). We confirmed the previously reported correlations between the various psychometric properties assessed and serum and plasma levels of BDNF in our sample. RESULTS Serum BDNF levels were negatively correlated with both KEDI-WISC full scale IQ (FSIQ, r = -0.39, p = 0.04) and verbal IQ (VIQ, r = -0.05, p = 0.01), but not with the performance IQ (PIQ, r = -0.12, p = 0.56). There were no significant relationships between plasma BDNF level and VIQ, PIQ or FSIQ. No correlations were found between either serum or plasma level of BDNF and any of the attentional measures (CCPT, ARS, CCTT or Stroop color word test). The CBCL total behavioral problem and attention problem sections were positively correlated with plasma BDNF level (r = 0.41, p = 0.03), (r = 0.44, p = 0.02), however, no relationship was found between the serum BDNF and any of the composite CBCL measures. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that high peripheral BDNF may be negatively correlated with intelligence, behavioral problems and clinical symptoms of neuro-developmental disorders such as intellectual disability in preschool children. A high peripheral BDNF concentration may, if these findings are further replicated, prove to be a useful biomarker for such issues in preschool children.
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Maschietto M, Tahira AC, Puga R, Lima L, Mariani D, Paulsen BDS, Belmonte-de-Abreu P, Vieira H, Krepischi AC, Carraro DM, Palha JA, Rehen S, Brentani H. Co-expression network of neural-differentiation genes shows specific pattern in schizophrenia. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:23. [PMID: 25981335 PMCID: PMC4493810 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis, although the mechanism is unknown due to the difficulties in accessing diseased tissue during human neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to find neuronal differentiation genes disrupted in schizophrenia and to evaluate those genes in post-mortem brain tissues from schizophrenia cases and controls. Methods We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEG), copy number variation (CNV) and differential methylation in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) derived from fibroblasts from one control and one schizophrenia patient and further differentiated into neuron (NPC). Expression of the DEG were analyzed with microarrays of post-mortem brain tissue (frontal cortex) cohort of 29 schizophrenia cases and 30 controls. A Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) using the DEG was used to detect clusters of co-expressed genes that werenon-conserved between adult cases and controls brain samples. Results We identified methylation alterations potentially involved with neuronal differentiation in schizophrenia, which displayed an over-representation of genes related to chromatin remodeling complex (adjP = 0.04). We found 228 DEG associated with neuronal differentiation. These genes were involved with metabolic processes, signal transduction, nervous system development, regulation of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. Between adult brain samples from cases and controls there were 233 DEG, with only four genes overlapping with the 228 DEG, probably because we compared single cell to tissue bulks and more importantly, the cells were at different stages of development. The comparison of the co-expressed network of the 228 genes in adult brain samples between cases and controls revealed a less conserved module enriched for genes associated with oxidative stress and negative regulation of cell differentiation. Conclusion This study supports the relevance of using cellular approaches to dissect molecular aspects of neurogenesis with impact in the schizophrenic brain. We showed that, although generated by different approaches, both sets of DEG associated to schizophrenia were involved with neocortical development. The results add to the hypothesis that critical metabolic changes may be occurring during early neurodevelopment influencing faulty development of the brain and potentially contributing to further vulnerability to the illness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0098-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Maschietto
- LIM23 (Medical Investigation Laboratory 23), University of Sao Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Institute of Psychiatry-University of Sao Paulo, Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Tahira
- LIM23 (Medical Investigation Laboratory 23), University of Sao Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Institute of Psychiatry-University of Sao Paulo, Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renato Puga
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Lima
- Post-graduation Program Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Mariani
- Post-graduation Program Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Henrique Vieira
- Post-graduation Program Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cv Krepischi
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dirce M Carraro
- International Research Center-AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joana A Palha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Stevens Rehen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Helena Brentani
- LIM23 (Medical Investigation Laboratory 23), University of Sao Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Institute of Psychiatry-University of Sao Paulo, Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Medical School (FMUSP), Rua Dr Ovídio Pires de Campos,785-CEP 05403-010, São Paulo, SP, Caixa Postal n 3671, Brazil. .,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Kwon HJ, Ha M, Jin HJ, Hyun JK, Shim SH, Paik KC, Park WS, Lim MH. Association between BDNF gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:366-71. [PMID: 25950609 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by behavioral problems such as attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain. AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the genotype and alleles for the BDNF gene in Korean children with ADHD. METHODS The sample consisted of 180 ADHD children and 159 control children. We diagnosed ADHD according to the DSM-IV. ADHD symptoms were evaluated with Conners' Parent Rating Scales and Dupaul Parent ADHD Rating Scales. Blood samples were taken from the 339 subjects, DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes, and polymerase chain reaction was performed for BDNF rs6265, rs11030101, rs10835210, rs7103873, and rs2030324 polymorphisms. Alleles and genotype frequencies were compared using the Chi-square test. We compared the allele and genotype frequencies of the BDNF gene polymorphism in the ADHD and control groups. RESULTS This study showed that there was a significant correlation among the allele frequencies of the rs11030101 and rs10835210 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (odds ratio=0.61, 95% confidence interval=0.39-0.96, p=0.034), but the final conclusions are not definite. Follow-up studies with larger patient or pure subgroups are expected. These results suggest that the BDNF allelic structure may impact ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jang Kwon
- 1 Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital , Cheonan, South Korea .,2 Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- 1 Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital , Cheonan, South Korea .,2 Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Han Jun Jin
- 1 Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital , Cheonan, South Korea .,3 Department of Nanobiotics, College of Natural Science, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- 4 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea .,5 Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Se Hoon Shim
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ki Chung Paik
- 1 Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital , Cheonan, South Korea .,7 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- 8 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Myung Ho Lim
- 1 Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital , Cheonan, South Korea .,9 Department of Psychology, College of Public Welfare, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
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Johnson SL, Carver CS, Joormann J, Cuccaro M. A genetic analysis of the validity of the Hypomanic Personality Scale. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:331-9. [PMID: 25219588 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies of mania risk have increasingly relied on measures of subsyndromal tendencies to experience manic symptoms. The measures of mania risk employed in those studies have been shown to predict manic onset, to show familial associations, and to demonstrate expected correlations with psychosocial variables related to bipolar disorder. However, little work has been conducted to validate such measures against biologically relevant indices, or to consider whether early adversity, which has been shown to be highly elevated among those with bipolar disorder, is related to higher scores on mania risk measures. This study tested whether a well-used, self-report measure of vulnerability to mania is associated with several candidate genes that have previously been linked with bipolar disorder or with early adversity. Interactions of genes with early adversity in the prediction of mania vulnerability were also tested. METHODS Undergraduate students from the University of Miami (Coral Gables, FL, USA) (N = 305) completed the Hypomanic Personality Scale and the Risky Families Scale, and provided blood for genotyping. RESULTS Findings indicated that the Hypomanic Personality Scale was related to a number of dopamine-relevant polymorphisms and with early adversity. A polymorphism of ANKK1 appeared to specifically increase mania risk in the context of early adversity. CONCLUSIONS These results provide additional support for the validity of the Hypomanic Personality Scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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15
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in chronic periodontitis. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:373765. [PMID: 25587209 PMCID: PMC4283396 DOI: 10.1155/2014/373765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophic factor family. Outside the nervous system, BDNF has been shown to be expressed in various nonneural tissues, such as periodontal ligament, dental pulp, and odontoblasts. Although a role for BDNF in periodontal regeneration has been suggested, a function for BDNF in periodontal disease has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the BDNF levels in periodontal tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and periodontally healthy controls (HC). All subjects were genotyped for the rs4923463 and rs6265 BDNF polymorphisms. Periodontal tissues were collected for ELISA, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and microscopic analysis from 28 CP patients and 29 HC subjects. BDNF levels were increased in CP patients compared to HC subjects. A negative correlation was observed when analyzing concentration of BDNF and IL-10 in inflamed periodontium. No differences in frequencies of BDNF genotypes between CP and HC subjects were observed. However, BDNF genotype GG was associated with increased levels of BDNF, TNF-α, and CXCL10 in CP patients. In conclusion, BDNF seems to be associated with periodontal disease process, but the specific role of BDNF still needs to be clarified.
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Liu DY, Shen XM, Yuan FF, Guo OY, Zhong Y, Chen JG, Zhu LQ, Wu J. The Physiology of BDNF and Its Relationship with ADHD. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1467-1476. [PMID: 25354496 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a major neurotrophin in the central nervous system that plays a critical role in the physiological brain functions via its two independent receptors: tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) and p75, especially in the neurodevelopment. Disrupting of BDNF and its downstream signals has been found in many neuropsychological diseases, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common mental disorder which is prevalent in childhood. Understanding the physiological functions of BDNF during neural development and its potential relationship with ADHD will help us to elucidate the possible mechanisms of ADHD and to develop therapeutic approaches for this disease. In this review, we summarized the important literatures for the physiological functions of BDNF in the neurodevelopment. We also performed an association study on the functional genetic variation of BDNF and ADHD by a case-control study in the Chinese mainland population and revealed the potential correlation between BDNF and ADHD which needs further research to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yi Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Fen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ou-Yang Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Sino-Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Li Z, Chang SH, Zhang LY, Gao L, Wang J. Molecular genetic studies of ADHD and its candidate genes: a review. Psychiatry Res 2014; 219:10-24. [PMID: 24863865 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood-onset psychiatric disorder with high heritability. In recent years, numerous molecular genetic studies have been published to investigate susceptibility loci for ADHD. These results brought valuable candidates for further research, but they also presented great challenge for profound understanding of genetic data and general patterns of current molecular genetic studies of ADHD since they are scattered and heterogeneous. In this review, we presented a retrospective review of more than 300 molecular genetic studies for ADHD from two aspects: (1) the main achievements of various studies were summarized, including linkage studies, candidate-gene association studies, genome-wide association studies and genome-wide copy number variation studies, with a special focus on general patterns of study design and common sample features; (2) candidate genes for ADHD have been systematically evaluated in three ways for better utilization. The thorough summary of the achievements from various studies will provide an overview of the research status of molecular genetics studies for ADHD. Meanwhile, the analysis of general patterns and sample characteristics on the basis of these studies, as well as the integrative review of candidate ADHD genes, will propose new clues and directions for future experiment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Su-Hua Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liu-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
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Mizuno M, Matsumoto A, Hamada N, Ito H, Miyauchi A, Jimbo EF, Momoi MY, Tabata H, Yamagata T, Nagata KI. Role of an adaptor protein Lin-7B in brain development: possible involvement in autism spectrum disorders. J Neurochem 2014; 132:61-9. [PMID: 25196215 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using comparative genomic hybridization analysis for an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patient, a 73-Kb duplication at 19q13.33 (nt. 49 562 755-49 635 956) including LIN7B and 5 other genes was detected. We then identified a novel frameshift mutation in LIN7B in another ASD patient. Since LIN7B encodes a scaffold protein essential for neuronal function, we analyzed the role of Lin-7B in the development of cerebral cortex. Acute knockdown of Lin-7B with in utero electroporation caused a delay in neuronal migration during corticogenesis. When Lin-7B was knocked down in cortical neurons in one hemisphere, their axons failed to extend efficiently into the contralateral hemisphere after leaving the corpus callosum. Meanwhile, enhanced expression of Lin-7B had no effects on both cortical neuron migration and axon growth. Notably, silencing of Lin-7B did not affect the proliferation of neuronal progenitors and stem cells. Taken together, Lin-7B was found to play a pivotal role in corticogenesis through the regulation of excitatory neuron migration and interhemispheric axon growth, while further analyses are required to directly link functional defects of Lin-7B to ASD pathophysiology. Lin-7 plays a pivotal role as a scaffold protein in synaptic development and plasticity. Based on genetic analyses we identified mutations in LIN-7B gene in some ASD (autism-spectrum disorder) patients. Functional defects in Lin-7B caused abnormal neuronal migration and interhemispheric axon growth during mouse brain development. Thus, functional deficiency in Lin-7B could be implicated in clinical phenotypes in some ASD patients through bringing about abnormal cortical architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mizuno
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
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Ramos-Quiroga JA, Corominas-Roso M, Palomar G, Gomez-Barros N, Ribases M, Sanchez-Mora C, Bosch R, Nogueira M, Corrales M, Valero S, Casas M. Changes in the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder after treatment with atomoxetine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:1389-95. [PMID: 24202115 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atomoxetine (ATX) is a non-stimulant drug approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although animal models have provided evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the effects of ATX in the brain, there are no studies of BDNF in ADHD patients undergoing treatment with ATX. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible changes in serum levels of BDNF in adults treated with ATX and its relationship with clinical improvement. METHODS A total of 54 adults with ADHD (age 33.43 ± 8.99 years) without any medical or psychiatric comorbidities were treated with ATX for 3 months; 35 of them completed the protocol. The clinical data for ADHD diagnosis, including Conners' ADHD Rating Scale and blood samples, were collected at baseline (V1) and at the end of the treatment (V2). RESULTS Adults with ADHD who completed ATX treatment for 3 months showed a significant improvement in their clinical symptoms. No significant differences were found in BDNF levels before and after treatment with ATX in the whole group of patients (p = 0.15). The inattentive subgroup of ATX responders showed a decrease of serum BDNF after 3 months of ATX treatment (p = 0.05) not present in the combined subtype (p = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that BDNF is not directly involved in the neurobiological mechanisms of ATX-induced improvement of clinical symptoms of ADHD. The differences between the combined and inattentive subtypes in serum BDNF changes suggest selective ATX-induced effects in the function of brain circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d'Infermeria building 5th floor, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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20
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Matsumoto A, Mizuno M, Hamada N, Nozaki Y, Jimbo EF, Momoi MY, Nagata KI, Yamagata T. LIN7A depletion disrupts cerebral cortex development, contributing to intellectual disability in 12q21-deletion syndrome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92695. [PMID: 24658322 PMCID: PMC3962435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletion of 12q21 has been reported in four cases, which share several common clinical features, including intellectual disability (ID), low-set ears, and minor cardiac abnormalities. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis using the Agilent Human Genome CGH 180K array was performed with the genomic DNA from a two-year-old Japanese boy with these symptoms, as well as hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Consequently, a 14 Mb deletion at 12q21.2-q21.33 (nt. 77 203 574–91 264 613 bp), which includes 72 genes, was detected. Of these, we focused on LIN7A, which encodes a scaffold protein that is important for synaptic function, as a possible responsible gene for ID, and we analyzed its role in cerebral cortex development. Western blotting analyses revealed that Lin-7A is expressed on embryonic day (E) 13.5, and gradually increases in the mouse brain during the embryonic stage. Biochemical fractionation resulted in the enrichment of Lin-7A in the presynaptic fraction. Suppression of Lin-7A expression by RNAi, using in utero electroporation on E14.5, delayed neuronal migration on postnatal day (P) 2, and Lin-7A-deficient neurons remained in the lower zone of the cortical plate and the intermediate zone. In addition, when Lin-7A was silenced in cortical neurons in one hemisphere, axonal growth in the contralateral hemisphere was delayed; development of these neurons was disrupted such that one half did not extend into the contralateral hemisphere after leaving the corpus callosum. Taken together, LIN7A is a candidate gene responsible for 12q21-deletion syndrome, and abnormal neuronal migration and interhemispheric axon development may contribute to ID and corpus callosum hypoplasia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Makoto Mizuno
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Nanako Hamada
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nozaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eriko F. Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mariko Y. Momoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koh-ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Rommel AS, Halperin JM, Mill J, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Protection from genetic diathesis in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: possible complementary roles of exercise. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 52:900-10. [PMID: 23972692 PMCID: PMC4257065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The degree of functional impairment and adverse developmental outcomes in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) likely reflect interplay between genes and environment. To establish whether physical exercise might reduce the level of ADHD symptoms or ADHD-related impairments, we conducted a comprehensive review of the effect of exercise in children with ADHD. Findings on the impact of exercise in animals and typically developing human beings, and an overview of putative mechanisms involved, are also presented to provide the context in which to understand this review. METHOD The electronic databases PubMed, OVID, and Web of Knowledge were searched for all studies investigating the effect of exercise in children and adolescents with ADHD, as well as animal models of ADHD behaviors (available in January 2013). Of 2,150 initially identified records, 16 were included. RESULTS Animal studies indicate that exercise, especially early in development, may be beneficial for ADHD symptom reduction. The limited research investigating the effect of exercise in children and adolescents with ADHD suggests that exercise may improve executive functioning and behavioral symptoms associated with ADHD. Although animal research suggests that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and catecholamines (CAs) play a role in mediating these effects, the association between BDNF and ADHD remains unclear in human beings. CONCLUSIONS The potential protective qualities of exercise with regard to reducing symptoms and impairments commonly associated with ADHD may hold promise for the future. Further research is needed to firmly establish whether there are clinically significant effects of exercise on the severity of ADHD symptoms, impairments, and associated developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sophie Rommel
- Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London.
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Decreased serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:1267-1275. [PMID: 23363778 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712001629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although experimental data regarding the contribution of BDNF gene polymorphisms to this psychiatric disorder are controversial. Recently, changes in BDNF serum levels have been reported in children with ADHD, but there are no studies about the possible role of this neurotrophin in adults. A total of 54 Caucasoid ADHD adults, including the predominantly inattentive and combined types (aged 33.43 ± 8.99 yr) and 59 Caucasoid unrelated healthy controls (aged 35.52 ± 9.37 yr) were included in a study to evaluate BDNF levels in serum. Medical, neurological and psychiatric co-morbidities were excluded. Clinical data concerning ADHD diagnosis and blood samples for patients and controls were collected. BDNF serum levels were significantly lower in adults with ADHD compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Although the combined type of ADHD subgroup displayed lower BDNF serum levels than the inattentive type, the differences did not reach statistical significance. No significant correlations were found between serum BDNF levels and scores on the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Subscales. These results suggest a role for BDNF in ADHD, at least in those patients whose disorder persists throughout life. Low BDNF levels may contribute to the neurodevelopmental deficits of ADHD and to the persistence of the disorder into adulthood. BDNF differences between ADHD subtypes should be further studied.
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Abstract
The adult form of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (aADHD) has a prevalence of up to 5% and is the most severe long-term outcome of this common neurodevelopmental disorder. Family studies in clinical samples suggest an increased familial liability for aADHD compared with childhood ADHD (cADHD), whereas twin studies based on self-rated symptoms in adult population samples show moderate heritability estimates of 30-40%. However, using multiple sources of information, the heritability of clinically diagnosed aADHD and cADHD is very similar. Results of candidate gene as well as genome-wide molecular genetic studies in aADHD samples implicate some of the same genes involved in ADHD in children, although in some cases different alleles and different genes may be responsible for adult versus childhood ADHD. Linkage studies have been successful in identifying loci for aADHD and led to the identification of LPHN3 and CDH13 as novel genes associated with ADHD across the lifespan. In addition, studies of rare genetic variants have identified probable causative mutations for aADHD. Use of endophenotypes based on neuropsychology and neuroimaging, as well as next-generation genome analysis and improved statistical and bioinformatic analysis methods hold the promise of identifying additional genetic variants involved in disease etiology. Large, international collaborations have paved the way for well-powered studies. Progress in identifying aADHD risk genes may provide us with tools for the prediction of disease progression in the clinic and better treatment, and ultimately may help to prevent persistence of ADHD into adulthood.
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Hong CJ, Liou YJ, Tsai SJ. Reprint of: Effects of BDNF polymorphisms on brain function and behavior in health and disease. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:406-17. [PMID: 22677226 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain, serves an important role during brain development and in synaptic plasticity. Given its pleiotropic effects in the central nervous system, BDNF has been implicated in cognitive function and personality development as well as the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. Thus, BDNF is considered an attractive candidate gene for the study of healthy and diseased brain function and behaviors. Over the past decade, many studies have tested BDNF genetic association, particularly its functional Val66Met polymorphism, with psychiatric diseases, personality disorders, and cognitive function. Although many reports indicated a possible role for BDNF genetic effects in mental problems or brain function, other reports were unable to replicate the findings. The conflicting results in BDNF genetic studies may result from confounding factors such as age, gender, other environmental factors, sample size, ethnicity and phenotype assessment. Future studies with more homogenous populations, well-controlled confounding factors, and well-defined phenotypes are needed to clarify the BDNF genetic effects on mental diseases and human behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jee Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Crespi A, Ferrari I, Lonati P, Disanza A, Fornasari D, Scita G, Padovano V, Pietrini G. LIN7 regulates the filopodium- and neurite-promoting activity of IRSp53. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:4543-54. [PMID: 22767515 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.106484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor substrate protein of 53 kDa (IRSp53) is crucially involved in the formation of filopodia and neurites through mechanisms that have only partially been clarified. We have investigated the role of the small scaffold protein LIN7, which interacts with IRSp53. We found that formation of actin-filled protrusions in neuronal NSC34 cells and neurites in neuroblastoma N2A cells depends on motifs mediating the LIN7:IRSp53 association, as both the coexpression of LIN7 with IRSp53 or the expression of the L27-IRSp53 chimera (a fusion protein between IRSp53 and the LIN7L27 domain for plasma membrane protein complexes association) prevented actin-deficient protrusions induced by overexpressed IRSp53, and enhanced the formation of actin-filled protrusions. The regulatory role of LIN7 in IRSp53-mediated extension of filopodia in neuronal N2A cells was demonstrated by live-cell imaging experiments. Moreover, LIN7 silencing prevented the extension of filopodia and neurites, induced by ectopic expression of IRSp53 or serum starvation, respectively, in undifferentiated and differentiated N2A cells. The expression of full-length IRSp53 or the LIN7ΔPDZ mutant lacking the domain for association with IRSp53 was unable to restore neuritogenesis in LIN7-silenced cells. Conversely, defective neuritogenesis could be rescued by the expression of RNAi-resistant full-length LIN7 or chimeric L27-IRSp53. Finally, LIN7 silencing prevented the recruitment of IRSp53 in Triton X-100-insoluble complexes, otherwise occurring in differentiated cells. Collectively these data indicate that LIN7 is a novel regulator of IRSp53, and that the association of these proteins is required to promote the formation of actin-dependent filopodia and neurites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Crespi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20129, Italy
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Study on the possible association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor polymorphism with the developmental course of symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 14:1367-76. [PMID: 21466746 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145711000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have, with conflicting results, investigated the relationship between the Val⁶⁶Met polymorphism in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We assessed longitudinal, quantitative phenotypes of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention in order to determine whether the Val⁶⁶Met polymorphism is associated with age-specific and/or persistent symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity and/or inattention in a community-based cohort of 1236 Swedish individuals for which ADHD symptom data were collected when the participants were aged 8-9, 13-14 and 16-17 yr. The Met allele was associated with symptoms of ADHD at ages 8-9 and 13-14 yr. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that the observed effect of the Met allele on ADHD symptoms reflects an influence on persistent hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. The present findings support the hypothesis that BDNF is involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD. The results highlight the importance of distinguishing between hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention, respectively, and demonstrate the value of using a longitudinal approach in genetic studies of ADHD symptoms.
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Val/Val genotype of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val⁶⁶Met polymorphism is associated with a better response to OROS-MPH in Korean ADHD children. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 14:1399-410. [PMID: 21733227 DOI: 10.1017/s146114571100099x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on psychostimulants, analysis of animal models and genetic association studies all suggest that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) may be a good candidate for pharmacogenetic studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet to date there have been no pharmacogenetic studies of BDNF in ADHD. A total of 102 drug-naive ADHD children (8.7±2.1 yr) were treated with osmotic release oral system-methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) for 12 wk, and four kinds of response criteria were applied, based first, on a combined threshold of the ADHD Rating Scale - IV (ARS) and the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement scale (CGI-I); second, on scores of 1 or 2 vs. 3-7 on the CGI - Severity scale; third, on a >50% reduction in ARS scores; and fourth, on satisfaction of all of the aforementioned criteria. The Val⁶⁶Met polymorphism of BDNF and six single nucleotide polymorphisms from the SLC6A2, ADRA2A and NTF-3 genes were tested for association with each criterion. Relative to other genotypes, homozygosity for the Val allele of the BDNF Val⁶⁶Met polymorphism was associated with a greater relative frequency of good response under all four response criteria (after controlling for baseline ARS score, age, gender, final dose (mg/kg) of OROS-MPH at 12 wk, and level of academic functioning). This association was significant at the uncorrected level for the first and third response criteria (p=0.013 and p=0.018, respectively) and significant at a Bonferroni-corrected level for the second and fourth response criteria (p=0.0002, p=0.0003, respectively). Our findings support an association between homozygosity for the Val allele of BDNF and better response to OROS-MPH in Korean ADHD children as assessed by four different response criteria.
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Hong CJ, Liou YJ, Tsai SJ. Effects of BDNF polymorphisms on brain function and behavior in health and disease. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:287-97. [PMID: 21924328 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain, serves an important role during brain development and in synaptic plasticity. Given its pleiotropic effects in the central nervous system, BDNF has been implicated in cognitive function and personality development as well as the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. Thus, BDNF is considered an attractive candidate gene for the study of healthy and diseased brain function and behaviors. Over the past decade, many studies have tested BDNF genetic association, particularly its functional Val66Met polymorphism, with psychiatric diseases, personality disorders, and cognitive function. Although many reports indicated a possible role for BDNF genetic effects in mental problems or brain function, other reports were unable to replicate the findings. The conflicting results in BDNF genetic studies may result from confounding factors such as age, gender, other environmental factors, sample size, ethnicity and phenotype assessment. Future studies with more homogenous populations, well-controlled confounding factors, and well-defined phenotypes are needed to clarify the BDNF genetic effects on mental diseases and human behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jee Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Zhang L, Hu XZ, Li H, Li X, Smerin S, Benedek DM, Ursano R. Startle response related genes. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:685-91. [PMID: 21855231 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The startle reaction (also known as the startle response, the startle reflex, or the alarm reaction) is the psychological and physiological response to a sudden unexpected stimulus, such as a flash of light, a loud noise (acoustic startle reflex), or a quick movement near the face. Abnormalities of startle response have been observed in many stress-related mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the molecular mechanisms of startle in stress-associated conditions--for example, whether the startle reaction is associated with any gene variance--is still unknown. In this paper, we will carry out a systematic review by retrieving, assessing, and combining, when applicable, individual studies investigating association of the molecular variation of candidate gene with the startle response. The systematic review is based on the search for numerous publications using the keywords "startle gene" on September 15, 2010 using PubMed, which comprises more than 20 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE and life science journals. A total of 486 publications regarding genes associated with startle have been obtained and reviewed here. There are fewer than 20 publications associating genes with the startle response between 1979, when the first valuable paper was published, and 1999. However, publications have dramatically increase from 2001 and reaches over 70 in 2009. We have characterized them into three categories: startle-associated gene studies in humans, in animals, as well as in both human and animals. This review of research strategy may provide the information for identifying a biomarker for startle response, with the objective of translating research into clinical utility: diagnosis and treatment of stress-induced mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States.
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Archer T, Oscar-Berman M, Blum K. Epigenetics in Developmental Disorder: ADHD and Endophenotypes. JOURNAL OF GENETIC SYNDROMES & GENE THERAPY 2011; 2:1000104. [PMID: 22224195 PMCID: PMC3250517 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with complex interactive operations of genetic and environmental factors, is expressed in a variety of disorder manifestations: severity, co-morbidities of symptoms, and the effects of genes on phenotypes. Neurodevelopmental influences of genomic imprinting have set the stage for the structural-physiological variations that modulate the cognitive, affective, and pathophysiological domains of ADHD. The relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors provide rapidly proliferating insights into the developmental trajectory of the condition, both structurally and functionally. Parent-of-origin effects seem to support the notion that genetic risks for disease process debut often interact with the social environment, i.e., the parental environment in infants and young children. The notion of endophenotypes, markers of an underlying liability to the disorder, may facilitate detection of genetic risks relative to a complex clinical disorder. Simple genetic association has proven insufficient to explain the spectrum of ADHD. At a primary level of analysis, the consideration of epigenetic regulation of brain signalling mechanisms, dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline is examined. Neurotrophic factors that participate in the neurogenesis, survival, and functional maintenance of brain systems, are involved in neuroplasticity alterations underlying brain disorders, and are implicated in the genetic predisposition to ADHD, but not obviously, nor in a simple or straightforward fashion. In the context of intervention, genetic linkage studies of ADHD pharmacological intervention have demonstrated that associations have fitted the "drug response phenotype," rather than the disorder diagnosis. Despite conflicting evidence for the existence, or not, of genetic associations between disorder diagnosis and genes regulating the structure and function of neurotransmitters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), associations between symptoms-profiles endophenotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms appear reassuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
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31
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Neves FS, Malloy-Diniz L, Romano-Silva MA, Campos SB, Miranda DM, De Marco L, Figueira PG, Krebs MO, Correa H. The role of BDNF genetic polymorphisms in bipolar disorder with psychiatric comorbidities. J Affect Disord 2011; 131:307-11. [PMID: 21167606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex disorder where genetic factors play a major role in its etiology. Probably, no other axis I diagnosis has a co-morbidity prevalence as high as BD. Since BDNF is involved in different ways in various psychiatric disorders we hypothesized that its genetic polymorphisms could be associated with the co-morbidity phenomenon in BD. METHODS We studied 320 subjects (160 BD patients and 160 healthy controls). Genotyping was performed using made-to-order TaqMan genotyping assays (rs4923463, rs6265, rs2049045, and rs7103411). Statistical analyses were performed using UNPHASED version 3.0.12 and Haploview 4.1. RESULTS No genotypic, allelic or haplotype differences were found between bipolar patients and healthy controls. Concerning exclusively the rs4923463 (G/G) there was a significant association with alcoholism (p=0.009), smoking (p=0.006) and violent suicide attempt (p=0.03). We further found that the G-G haplotype (rs4923463-rs2049045) (adjusted p=0.029) and the G-T haplotype (rs4923463-rs7103411) (adjusted p=0.029) were significantly more frequent in the group with alcoholism co-morbidity when compared with the group without this co-morbidity. LIMITATIONS Sample size and retrospective assessment of suicide behavior and psychiatric comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in our study indicate that BDNF variants may confer susceptibility to additional psychiatric diagnosis in BD.
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Gapin JI, Labban JD, Etnier JL. The effects of physical activity on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: the evidence. Prev Med 2011; 52 Suppl 1:S70-4. [PMID: 21281664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Evidence supports the beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on cognitive performance and suggests that effects might be particularly large for children. However, limited research has explored PA as a means of managing behavioral symptoms and improving cognitive performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The etiology of ADHD and the putative mechanisms for the effects of PA on cognitive performance suggest that PA might be especially important for this population. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to review the literature regarding the potential of PA for ADHD symptom management, particularly in regard to behavioral and cognitive symptoms. METHODS Literature was reviewed for published and unpublished research specifically examining the effects of PA on cognitive and/or behavioral symptoms of ADHD. Additionally, potential mechanisms were addressed. RESULTS Albeit limited, current research generally supports the potential for acute and chronic PA to mitigate ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSION Given the generally supportive extant literature and the challenges that face children with ADHD, future research exploring the potential of PA with this population is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer I Gapin
- Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Campus Box 1126, Vadalabene Center, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA.
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Shinawi M, Sahoo T, Maranda B, Skinner SA, Skinner C, Chinault C, Zascavage R, Peters SU, Patel A, Stevenson RE, Beaudet AL. 11p14.1 microdeletions associated with ADHD, autism, developmental delay, and obesity. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1272-80. [PMID: 21567907 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genomic copy number imbalances are being increasingly identified as an important cause of intellectual disability and behavioral abnormalities. The typical deletion in WAGR syndrome encompasses the PAX6 and WT1 genes, but larger deletions have been associated with neurobehavioral abnormalities and obesity. We identified four patients with overlapping interstitial deletions on 11p14.1 and extending telomeric to the WAGR critical domain. The minimal overlapping critical chromosomal region was 2.3 Mb at 11p14.1. The deletions encompass the BDNF and LIN7C genes that are implicated in the regulation of development and differentiation of neurons and synaptic transmission. All patients with this deletion exhibit variable degrees of developmental delay, behavioral problems, and obesity. Our data show that ADHD, autism, developmental delay, and obesity are highly associated with deletion involving 11p14.1 and provide additional support for a significant role of BDNF in obesity and neurobehavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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34
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Cho SC, Kim HW, Kim BN, Kim JW, Shin MS, Chung S, Cho DY, Jung SW, Yoo HJ, Chung IW, Chung US, Son JW. Gender-specific association of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2010; 7:285-90. [PMID: 21253413 PMCID: PMC3022316 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2010.7.4.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which participates in the differentiation and survival of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons, could play a role in ADHD development. We aimed to explore the relationships between ADHD and BDNF gene polymorphism. METHODS We conducted a case-control analysis of 202 ADHD subjects and 159 controls, performed a transmission disequilibrium test on 151 trios, and compared the results of a continuous performance test (CPT) according to the genotype of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs11030101, rs6265, rs16917204) in the BDNF gene. RESULTS In the case-control analysis, the AA genotype of the BDNF rs11030101 polymorphism was significantly associated with ADHD only in girls (p=0.024, odds ratio=3.00). The T-G-G haplotype was significantly less frequent (p=0.005) and A-G-G was more frequent (p=0.048) in girls with ADHD than in control girls (global p=0.027). A multivariate analysis of variance for commission errors on the CPT showed a significant main effect for the rs11030101 genotype (p=0.026) and an interaction effect of the rs11030101 genotype and gender (p=0.032) in ADHD probands. CONCLUSION These results provide preliminary evidence for a gender-specific association between BDNF and ADHD in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Churl Cho
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Won Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boong-Nyun Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Sup Shin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Cho
- LabGenomics Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Jung
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In-Won Chung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Un-Sun Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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van Beijsterveldt CEM, Middeldorp CM, Slof-Op't Landt MCT, Bartels M, Hottenga JJ, Suchiman HED, Slagboom PE, Boomsma DI. Influence of candidate genes on attention problems in children: a longitudinal study. Behav Genet 2010; 41:155-64. [PMID: 21049304 PMCID: PMC3029680 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-010-9406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Attention problems form one of the core characteristics of Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder. From twin research it is clear that genes play a considerable role in the etiology and in the stability of ADHD in childhood. Association studies have focused on genes involved in the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems, but with inconclusive results. This study investigated the effect of 26 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding for serotonin receptors 2A (HTR2A), Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT), Tryptophane Hydroxylase type 2 (TPH2), and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Attention problems (AP) were assessed by parental report at ages 3, 7, 10, and 12 years in more than 16,000 twin pairs. There were 1148 genotyped children with AP data. We developed a longitudinal framework to test the genetic association effect. Based on all phenotypic data, a longitudinal model was formulated with one latent factor loading on all AP measures over time. The broad heritability for the AP latent factor was 82%, and the latent factor explained around 55% of the total phenotypic variance. The association of SNPs with AP was then modeled at the level of this factor. None of the SNPs showed a significant association with AP. The lowest p-value was found for the rs6265 SNP in the BDNF gene (p = 0.035). Overall, our results suggest no evidence for a role of these genes in childhood AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherina E M van Beijsterveldt
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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36
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Correlation of a set of gene variants, life events and personality features on adult ADHD severity. J Psychiatr Res 2010; 44:598-604. [PMID: 20006992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could persist into adult life in a substantial proportion of cases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of (1) adverse events, (2) personality traits and (3) genetic variants chosen on the basis of previous findings and (4) their possible interactions on adult ADHD severity. One hundred and ten individuals diagnosed with adult ADHD were evaluated for occurrence of adverse events in childhood and adulthood, and personality traits by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Common polymorphisms within a set of nine important candidate genes (SLC6A3, DBH, DRD4, DRD5, HTR2A, CHRNA7, BDNF, PRKG1 and TAAR9) were genotyped for each subject. Life events, personality traits and genetic variations were analyzed in relationship to severity of current symptoms, according to the Brown Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS). Genetic variations were not significantly associated with severity of ADHD symptoms. Life stressors displayed only a minor effect as compared to personality traits. Indeed, symptoms' severity was significantly correlated with the temperamental trait of Harm avoidance and the character trait of Self directedness. The results of the present work are in line with previous evidence of a significant correlation between some personality traits and adult ADHD. However, several limitations such as the small sample size and the exclusion of patients with other severe comorbid psychiatric disorders could have influenced the significance of present findings.
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37
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Sánchez-Mora C, Ribasés M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Casas M, Bosch R, Boreatti-Hümmer A, Heine M, Jacob CP, Lesch KP, Fasmer OB, Knappskog PM, Kooij JJS, Kan C, Buitelaar JK, Mick E, Asherson P, Faraone SV, Franke B, Johansson S, Haavik J, Reif A, Bayés M, Cormand B. Meta-analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor p.Val66Met in adult ADHD in four European populations. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:512-523. [PMID: 19603419 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial, neurodevelopmental disorder that often persists into adolescence and adulthood and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Before the advent of the first genome-wide association studies in ADHD, genetic research had mainly focused on candidate genes related to the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems, although several other genes had also been assessed. Pharmacological data, analysis of animal models and association studies suggest that Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is also a strong candidate gene for ADHD. Several polymorphisms in BDNF have been reported and studied in psychiatric disorders but the most frequent is the p.Val66Met (rs6265G > A) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), with functional effects on the intracellular trafficking and secretion of the protein. To deal with the inconsistency raised among different case-control and family-based association studies regarding the p.Val66Met contribution to ADHD, we performed a meta-analysis of published as well as unpublished data from four different centers that are part of the International Multicentre Persistent ADHD CollaboraTion (IMpACT). A total of 1,445 adulthood ADHD patients and 2,247 sex-matched controls were available for the study. No association between the p.Val66Met polymorphism and ADHD was found in any of the four populations or in the pooled sample. The meta-analysis also showed that the overall gene effect for ADHD was not statistically significant when gender or comorbidity with mood disorders were considered. Despite the potential role of BDNF in ADHD, our data do not support the involvement of p.Val66Met in the pathogenesis of this neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sánchez-Mora
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Ribasés
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J A Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Boreatti-Hümmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Heine
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C P Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K-P Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - O B Fasmer
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - P M Knappskog
- Center of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukeland, Norway.,Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J J Sandra Kooij
- PsyQ, Psycho-Medical Programs, Program Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - C Kan
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J K Buitelaar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Mick
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - P Asherson
- MRC Social Genetic Developmental and Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - S V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - B Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Johansson
- Center of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukeland, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Haavik
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Bayés
- Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CeGen), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain
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BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and protein levels in amniotic fluid. BMC Neurosci 2010; 11:16. [PMID: 20141627 PMCID: PMC2831906 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin which plays survival- and growth-promoting activity in neuronal cells and it is involved in cellular plasticity mechanisms as it controls activity dependent synaptic transmission. A functional polymorphism (Val66Met) in the pro-region of BDNF, which affects the intracellular trafficking of proBDNF has been associated with memory and cognitive deficits as well as to an increased susceptibility for several psychiatric disorders especially those with a neurodevelopmental origin. To date, no study has evaluated the influence of the Val66Met polymorphism on BDNF levels in a peripheral system that may reflect fetal neurodevelopment. Therefore we investigated in amniotic fluids (AF) obtained from 139 healthy women during 15-17 week of pregnancy, BDNF protein levels in correlation with the Val66Met polymorphism. Results Interestingly we found a significant BDNF protein levels reduction in 55 Met carriers (Val/Met and Met/Met) (p = 0.002) as compared to 84 non carriers (Val/Val), and no effect of fetus gender, maternal age or gestation week on BDNF levels has been observed. Conclusion These results, although explorative, indicate that during fetal life the Val66Met genotype might influences BDNF protein levels in AF supporting the involvement of this polymorphism in behavioral and functional brain individual differences in the adulthood.
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Louhivuori V, Arvio M, Soronen P, Oksanen V, Paunio T, Castrén ML. The Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene is associated with epilepsy in fragile X syndrome. Epilepsy Res 2009; 85:114-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 01/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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