1
|
Alsaleh S, Alfallaj R, Almousa H, Alsubaie N, Akkielah Y, Mesallam TA, Sumaily I. Reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the brief version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2024; 9:e1252. [PMID: 38736942 PMCID: PMC11081420 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An accessible self-assessment questionnaire is needed to evaluate quality of life in olfactory dysfunction. The need to address this gap led to the development of the brief version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief QOD), which holds particular value in the context of telemedicine. Objectives The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Arabic brief QOD. Methods This study included 307 patients suffering from olfactory dysfunction as well as a control group filled a questionnaire including demographic information, the olfaction Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Sino-nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire, and the Arabic version of the brief QOD. The Arabic brief QOD's reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α to measure internal consistency. To evaluate test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was employed. The discriminative ability: score differences between the two groups were analyzed. The validity Arabic brief QOD was evaluated by comparing it to the olfaction VAS. Results The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.757 for Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Parosmia (QOD-P), 0.832 Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-quality of life (QOD-QoL), and 0.817 Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-visual analog scale (QOD-VAS). The reliability of the overall brief QOD was 0.93. The ICC exceeded the acceptable threshold of 0.7, indicating strong test-retest reliability. The highest correlation was observed between the SNOT-22 and QOD total scores (r = 0.552 and p < .001) as well as between SNOT-22 and QOD VAS (r = 0.512 and p < .001). Conclusion Excellent validity and reliability have been shown for the Arabic brief QOD as a self-assessment tool assessing quality of life among olfactory dysfunction patients. Level of evidence NA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Alsaleh
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Alfallaj
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Almousa
- College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alsubaie
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Akkielah
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer A. Mesallam
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Sumaily
- ENT DepartmentKing Fahd Central HospitalJazanKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu DT, Besser G, Moser V, Prem B, Sharma G, Ehrgott M, Renner B, Mueller CA. The olfactory diary: Tracking awareness and consciousness of the sense of smell throughout the day. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2024; 9:e1268. [PMID: 38803460 PMCID: PMC11129550 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the present study was to follow the daily course of patients with olfactory dysfunction and healthy controls and to assess (i) how many times a day, (ii) at which time, and (iii) in which aspect of daily life participants are conscious about their sense of smell. Methods In this longitudinal study, 49 patients with smell loss and 30 healthy participants were enrolled. Olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks. All participants received paper diaries designed for a 14-day period, featuring 12 rows representing 12 daily hours and six columns for various daily life aspects. They were instructed to mark their awareness of smell by indicating the relevant row and column in the diary. Following the return of the diaries, a second olfactory test was conducted within the patient group. Results On average, patients were consciously aware of their sense of smell around 8 times daily, while healthy participants noted it about 6.5 times a day. Both groups primarily focused on their sense of smell during activities related to "eating," followed by considerations in "social life" and "personal hygiene." Interestingly, distinct patterns emerged: patients peaked in awareness at 8 a.m. and 7 p.m., whereas healthy individuals showed peaks at 6 a.m., 12 p.m., and 7 p.m. Despite regular diary use, we observed no improvement in patients' olfactory function or related quality of life. Conclusion The olfactory diary is a valuable tool unveiling individual smell awareness patterns in patients with smell loss, aiding in counseling and patient management. Level of Evidence 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T. Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gerold Besser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Veronika Moser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard Prem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Marie Ehrgott
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bertold Renner
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Christian A. Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Riva G, Pecorari G, Motatto GM, Rivero M, Canale A, Albera R, Albera A. Validation and reliability of the Italian version of the Self-reported Mini Olfactory Questionnaire (Self-MOQ). ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38712517 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective Olfactory dysfunction (OD) represents a frequent complaint in general population and especially in patients with chronic sinonasal diseases. The aim of this study was the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Self-reported Mini Olfactory Questionnaire (Self-MOQ) into Italian. Methods One hundred fifty patients affected by chronic sinonasal diseases and reporting hyposmia were enrolled. Other 150 normosmic subjects without inflammatory or neoplastic sinonasal disorders were used as a control group. The Short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire was used for clinical validity. Results Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.825. The test-retest reliability was excellent. The good correlation between the Self-MOQ and the Visual Analogue Scale scores (p < 0.05) demonstrated the construct validity of the questionnaire. The Self-MOQ was able to distinguish between subjects with or without OD (p < 0.05). Higher Self-MOQ score was found in case of nasal obstruction and posterior rhinorrhoea (p < 0.05). Self-MOQ showed significant correlation with SF-36 general health, SF-36 role functioning/physical, and SF-36 pain (p < 0.05). Conclusions The Italian version of the Self-MOQ showed good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct, and clinical validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Riva
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pecorari
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Motatto
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marianna Rivero
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Canale
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Albera
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Albera
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dumas LE, Vandersteen C, Metelkina-Fernandez V, Gros A, Auby P, Askenazy-Gittard F. Impact of post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders on quality of life, hedonic experiences and psychiatric dimensions in general population. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:111. [PMID: 38331799 PMCID: PMC10854070 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Olfactory disorders in COVID-19 impact quality of life and may lead to psychological impairments. Prevalence ranges from 8 to 85%, persisting in about 30% of cases. This study aimed to evaluate the 6-month post-COVID-19 impact on quality of life, hedonic experiences, anxiety and depression due to olfactory disorders. Additionally, it sought to compare psychophysical tests and self-perceived olfactory evaluations. METHODS A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted over baseline (T0) and 6 months (T1) on individuals with persistent olfactory disorders post-COVID-19 for more than 6 weeks. Psychophysical tests employed the Sniffin' Sticks Test® (TDI score), and self-perceived olfactory evaluation used a Visual Analogue Scale. Quality of life was assessed with an Olfactive Disorder Questionnaire and the French version of the Quality of Life and Diet Questionnaire. Hedonic experiences were gauged using the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, while anxiety and depression dimensions were measured by The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Post Traumatic Stress Checklist Scale, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Participants were classified into the "normosmic group" (NG) and the "olfactory disorders group" (ODG) at T0 and T1 based on the TDI score. RESULTS Were included 56 participants (58.93% women, 41.07% men) with a mean age of 39.04 years and a mean duration of post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders of 5.32 months. At T1, ODG had a significantly lower quality of life and hedonic experiences than NG. No significant differences in anxiety and depression dimensions were observed between groups. At T0, psychophysical tests and self-perceived olfactory evaluations were significantly correlated with quality of life and hedonic experiences in both groups. At T1, self-perceived olfactory evaluation in NG correlated significantly with quality of life, hedonic experiences, anxiety and depression dimensions, whereas ODG only correlated with hedonic experiences. CONCLUSION Individuals with persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders after six months demonstrated compromised quality of life and hedonic experiences. Self-perceived olfactory evaluation played a more significant role in influencing quality of life and the dimension of anxiety and depression than the psychophysical presence of olfactory disorders. These findings emphasize the importance of considering patients' perceptions to comprehensively assess the impact of olfactory disorders on their well-being. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number (ID: NCT04799977).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise-Emilie Dumas
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (SUPEA), Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Lenval, Nice, France.
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - Clair Vandersteen
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou (IUFC), ENT Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nice, France
| | - Victoria Metelkina-Fernandez
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nice, France
| | - Auriane Gros
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Département d'Orthophonie (DON), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Auby
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (SUPEA), Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Lenval, Nice, France
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Florence Askenazy-Gittard
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (SUPEA), Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Lenval, Nice, France
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leclercq C, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Hans S, Distinguin L, Chekkoury-Idrissi Y, Circiu MP, Khalife M, Saussez S, Lechien JR. Validity and Reliability of the French Short Version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS). EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:NP113-NP117. [PMID: 34463149 DOI: 10.1177/01455613211032004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a French Short Version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (Fr-sQOD) to assess the quality of life impairments of patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD). METHODS Patients with OD and controls were enrolled from 2 academic centers. Individuals completed the Fr-sQOD, an OD visual analog scale severity, and the French version of the sinonasal outcome tool-22 (SNOT-22). Cronbach α was used to measure the internal consistency of Fr-sQOD. The reliability and the external validity of Fr-sQOD were assessed through a test-retest approach and by correlating Fr-sQOD with SNOT-22 scores, respectively. The external validity was assessed by correlation analysis between Fr-sQOD and the result of an assessment of the severity of OD on a visual analog scale. RESULTS Eighty patients completed the evaluations. The internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach α .96), and the test-retest reliability was high in the entire cohort (rs = 0.877, P < .001). The correlation between Fr-sQOD total scores and the severity of OD was moderate but significant (rs = -0.431; P = .001) supporting an acceptable external validity. Patients with OD had a significantly higher score of Fr-sQOD than healthy individuals (P < .001), indicating a high internal validity. CONCLUSION The Fr-sQOD is a reliable and valid self-administered tool in the evaluation of the impact of OD on quality of life of French-speaking patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Leclercq
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos M Chiesa-Estomba
- Research Committee of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mihaela Horoi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge D Le Bon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephane Hans
- Research Committee of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Lea Distinguin
- Research Committee of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Younes Chekkoury-Idrissi
- Research Committee of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Marta P Circiu
- Research Committee of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Khalife
- Research Committee of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Research Committee of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme R Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Research Committee of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lundberg M, Maurer R, Tchekmedyian R, Mullur J, Bensko JC, Buchheit KM, Laidlaw TM. Validation of a questionnaire assessing smell loss in an international aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease population. Allergy Asthma Proc 2024; 45:5-13. [PMID: 38151738 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2024.45.230079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) and smell loss affects aspects of patients' everyday life and lowers their quality of life. OD questionnaires are considered one of the core-outcome measures in chronic rhinosinusitis, but many existing smell loss questionnaires contained pandemic-prohibitive questions on social gatherings or restaurant visits, were too culture specific or gender specific, or were overly long and cumbersome. Objective: We aimed to develop a new brief questionnaire to assess the impact and consequences of smell loss and its burden on daily life. This study validates this new, short, multicultural, dichotomized questionnaire in an international population that has aspirin-exacerbated disease (AERD). Methods: The Consequences of Smell Loss (COSL) questionnaire was developed and content validity was assessed by experts and patients at Brigham and Women's Hospital. The questionnaire, along with other validated quality-of-life surveys, was answered by 853 patients with AERD. We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, validity, and discriminative ability of the COSL questionnaire. Results: The final version of the COSL questionnaire consisted of 13 items divided into three subdomains (emotional distress, food and safety, and physical health) through factor analysis. The Cronbach α for internal consistency was 0.82. Convergent and discriminant validity with the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), Healthy Days Core Module-4, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and a specific question on taste and smell were high (p < 0.0001 for all). The COSL questionnaire score was associated with SNOT-22 categories (p < 0.001) and was categorized as follows: normal, 0-1 points; very few consequences, 2-3 points; few, 4 points; moderate, 5-6 points; and severe, 7-13 points. Conclusion: The COSL questionnaire is a new, brief, valid, reliable tool that can effectively screen for a high burden of OD in patients with AERD and has the potential to be used in other patient populations with OD as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lundberg
- From the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rie Maurer
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raffi Tchekmedyian
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jyotsna Mullur
- From the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian C Bensko
- From the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen M Buchheit
- From the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- From the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alfallaj R, Almousa H, Alsubaie N, Akkielah Y, Mesallam TA, Sumaily I, Alsaleh S. Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Arabic version of the self-reported mini olfactory questionnaire (Self-MOQ). Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:1476-1483. [PMID: 38130262 PMCID: PMC10731543 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A simple self-assessment screening questionnaire for olfactory dysfunction is direly needed in Rhinology practice, and this questionnaire should be accessible to affected individuals. The self-reported mini olfactory questionnaire (Self-MOQ), constructed to fill this gap, could be an important tool, especially in the era of telemedicine. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the self-reported mini olfactory questionnaire (Self-MOQ) in patients with olfactory dysfunction. Methodology This cross-sectional study included all adult patients who visited a rhinology clinic between January and June 2023 with a complaint of olfactory dysfunction and a control group. The participants completed a questionnaire that included items on demographics, risk factors of olfactory dysfunction, the olfaction VAS, SNOT-22, and Arabic Self-MOQ. The Self-MOQ was forward- and back-translated by qualified professional translators familiar with American English and Arabic.The reliability of the Arabic Self-MOQ was evaluated using Cronbach's α. The test-retest reliability was assessed by estimating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the total Arabic Self-MOQ score and the individual items. The discriminative ability was examined by comparing the scores of the case and control groups. The construct validity was assessed by comparing the Arabic Self-MOQ to the olfaction VAS. Results The study sample included 307 respondents (196 cases and 111 controls; 34 undertook the retest). The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.92 (total Self-MOQ) and considered excellent. The ICC for the total Self-MOQ score was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.757, 0.933; p < .001), which indicated good test-retest reliability. Strong correlations were observed between the Self-MOQ items and VAS scores (r = 0.732, p < .001), (r = 0.689, p < .001). Conclusion The current investigation showed the Arabic version of the Self-MOQ to be a reliable tool for olfactory dysfunction screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Alfallaj
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Almousa
- College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alsubaie
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Akkielah
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer A. Mesallam
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Sumaily
- ENT DepartmentKing Fahd Central HospitalJazanKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alsaleh
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pendolino AL, Ottaviano G, Navaratnam AV, Scarpa B, Andrews PJ. Clinical factors influencing olfactory performance in patients with persistent COVID-19 smell loss longer than 1 year. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:1449-1458. [PMID: 38130252 PMCID: PMC10731512 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Factors affecting persistence of COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction (OD) remain partially unknown. We aim to evaluate the clinical factors which could influence olfactory performance in patients with persistent COVID-19-related smell loss. Methods A retrospective analysis of 100 patients with persistent COVID-19-related OD was performed between October 2020 and December 2022 at a single-center long-COVID smell clinic. All subjects underwent smell assessment using Sniffin' Sticks (S'S) extended test, nasal endoscopy, nasal airflow evaluation (peak nasal inspiratory flow [PNIF]), allergy test (skin prick test [SPT]) for common aeroallergens, MRI of the head and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs-VAS, SF-36, Short QOD-NS, SNOT-22). Based on S'S score, subjects were divided into normosmics (TDI ≥ 30.75) and dysosmics (TDI < 30.75). Results The median age was 42 years and the median length of patient-reported OD was 1.4 years. 20 patients (20.0%) were normosmic at the time of S'S assessment. Dysosmic patients were found to have significantly lower scores at the SF-36 health domains for energy/fatigue (p = .0004) and emotional wellbeing (p = .04) when compared to normosmics. A moderate correlation (r = .45-.59) between S'S scores and some PROMs was also demonstrated. At the multivariate analysis higher PNIF scores positively influenced odor threshold (p = .001) while positivity to SPT negatively influenced odor identification (p = .04). Conclusions Impairment of nasal airflow and sensitivity to aeroallergens can negatively affect olfactory performance in COVID-19-related OD. Long-COVID smell loss deeply affects QoL although recovery of olfaction can bring it back to a normal range. Level of Evidence IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Luca Pendolino
- Department of ENTRoyal National ENT & Eastman Dental HospitalsLondonUK
- Ear Institute, UCLLondonUK
| | - Giancarlo Ottaviano
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology SectionUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | | | - Bruno Scarpa
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Department of MathematicsTullio Levi‐Civita University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Peter J. Andrews
- Department of ENTRoyal National ENT & Eastman Dental HospitalsLondonUK
- Ear Institute, UCLLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miller JE, Liu CM, Zemanick ET, Woods JC, Goss CH, Taylor-Cousar JL, Beswick DM. Olfactory loss in people with cystic fibrosis: Community perceptions and impact. J Cyst Fibros 2023:S1569-1993(23)01677-6. [PMID: 37981480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is prevalent in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) and can negatively impact quality-of-life (QOL). This study evaluated perceptions of OD, investigated how OD impacts QOL, and assessed willingness to participate in OD research among the CF community. METHODS A 21-question survey was distributed through the CF Foundation's Community Voice program in 2023. The survey included questions on olfaction and interest in research. The Brief Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (BQOD), a validated person-reported outcome measure to assess QOL, was included. RESULTS Seventy-six responses were received. Overall, 91% (69/76) reported olfactory problems. Mean BQOD score was 5.0 (standard deviation=4.8), indicating olfactory QOL impairment was present. Ninety-five percent (72/76) reported research on OD is worthwhile and were willing to participate in research. CONCLUSION Among PwCF, OD and olfactory-specific QOL impairments are prevalent. There is strong interest and willingness to participate in OD research among the CF community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessa E Miller
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine M Liu
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edith T Zemanick
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason C Woods
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christopher H Goss
- University of Washington, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar
- National Jewish Health, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Denver, CO, USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel M Beswick
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
AlEnazi AS, Alharbi MA, Althomaly DH, Ashoor MMS, Alwazzeh MJ, Halawani RT, Buohliqah LA, Telmesani LM. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, evaluation and the impact on quality of life among COVID-19 patients: a multi-centre study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5403-5409. [PMID: 37915638 PMCID: PMC10617925 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are frequently reported symptoms among COVID-19 patients. However, several reports suggested that there might be significant variation in the prevalence and clinical picture of chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients among different population. Objective To study the prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction, recovery time and its impact on quality of life (QoL) among COVID-19 patients in Saudi population. Methods This multi-centre observational study was conducted at three COVID-19 centres in Saudi Arabia. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted at baseline and within the 2-month post-infection. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions were assessed via valid taste and smell questionnaire, electronically collected via online survey. Short version of questionnaire of Olfactory disorders-negative statements (sQOD-NS) was used to assess the impact on QoL. Result Total 1734 patients [926 males and 808 females, the mean age of patients was 37.7±11.6 years] with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were recruited for this study. Chemosensory dysfunction was reported in 56.5% cases. olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions were significantly high in females (66.2%) and age group younger than or equal to 40 years (62.2%). Among patients with olfactory dysfunction and gustatory dysfunction, recovery rate was 757 (77.2%) and 702 (71.6%). Furthermore, the recovery time was within 8 days of onset of symptoms in 53.6% and 61.3% of olfactory dysfunction and gustatory dysfunction cases, respectively. Overall mean QoL score indicated Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction has significant impact on QoL [11.3±6.2 (P value<0.001)]. female as compared to males (12.8±7). Females had significant impact on QoL (11.4±6.6) as compared to males [12.8±7 (P value<0.001)]. Conclusion Chemosensory dysfunction among Saudi population was comparable to the European data and significantly higher than Asian supporting the fact that these symptoms vary as per ethnicity. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction significantly impaired QoL and could present as an early symptom of COVID-19. Recovery rate of these symptoms can serve as a good prognostic data for patient's counselling. Further long-term follow-up studies would lead to better understanding of prognosis and clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marwan Jaber Alwazzeh
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam
| | - Roa Talal Halawani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery ,Ohud General Hospital, Ministry of Health, AL Medina
| | - Lamia Abdulwahab Buohliqah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Qatif Center Hospital, Ministry of Health, AL Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schönherr MV, Hummel T. [Detection of disorders of the chemical senses-assessment of state of health by those affected]. HNO 2023; 71:566-571. [PMID: 37535151 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-023-01345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Although hundreds of thousands of people seek medical help every year because of smell and taste disorders, the burden on patients is often underestimated by health care professionals. Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of disorders of the chemical senses on quality of life. In clinical practice, the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) has proven to be a good measure of the impact of olfactory loss on everyday life. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) should therefore be used more frequently for better recording and assessing the needs of patients. In addition to education and treatment by specialized clinics, the provision and optimization of information platforms, support groups, and organizations should be promoted in Germany.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max-Vincent Schönherr
- Klinik- und Poliklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Klinik- und Poliklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tuz‐Hrycyna N, Rzepakowska A, Niemczyk K. Reliability and validity of the Polish version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:799-807. [PMID: 37621288 PMCID: PMC10446256 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The comprehensive counseling of patients with olfactory dysfunctions requires accurate diagnosis. The recommendations include subjective assessment. The Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) is a disease-specific questionnaire for the subjective evaluation of olfactory dysfunctions. Material The study included 54 patients with olfactory dysfunctions, who were recruited to the study group (SG). The other 47 patients without the history of olfactory dysfunction and nasal cavity pathology were voluntarily allocated to the control group (CG). The protocol of the study was introduced to each patient and included: olfactory testing with Sniffin' Stick test, fulfillment of the Polish version of World Health Organization Quality of Life brief questionnaire and completing of the Polish version of the QOD. All participants (101) were invited for refilling the QOD questionnaire after 2 weeks for the test-retest statistics. Results The Polish QOD statements were significantly correlated and met the requirement by having test-retest correlation larger than 0.7. We found that internal consistency of the test measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient was very high. The mean scores of the QOD test in normosmic SG patients were compared with corresponding scores in normosmic CG patients using U Mann-Whitney test. The analysis revealed statistically significant differences on mean QOD scores for each domains except QOD-S between both groups. Conclusions The Polish version of the QOD demonstrated high rate of the validity and the reliability. This instrument may be widely used in research projects and clinical practice concerning olfactory disorders in Polish patients. Level of Evidence NA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tuz‐Hrycyna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Anna Rzepakowska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Kazimierz Niemczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ali FA, Jassim G, Khalaf Z, Yusuf M, Ali S, Husain N, Ebrahim F. Transient Anosmia and Dysgeusia in COVID-19 Disease: A Cross Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2393-2403. [PMID: 37333880 PMCID: PMC10275370 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s408706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia and their impact on COVID-19 patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 1st October 2020 and 30th June 2021 were randomly selected from a national COVID-19 registry. COVID-19 cases were diagnosed using molecular testing method which measured the viral E gene. The Anosmia Reporting Tool, and a brief version of the questionnaire on olfactory disorders were used to measure the outcomes via telephone interviews. Data were analysed using SPSS 27 statistics software. Results A total of 405 COVID-19 adults were included in this study, 220 (54.3%) were males and 185 (45.8%) were females. The mean±SD age of participants was 38.2 ± 11.3 years. Alterations in the sense of smell and taste were reported by 206 (50.9%), and 195 (48.1%) of the patients, respectively. Sex and nationality of participants were significantly associated with anosmia and dysgeusia (p < 0.001) and (p-value=0.001) respectively. Among patients who experienced anosmia and dysgeusia, alterations in eating habits (64.2%), impact on mental wellbeing (38.9%), concerns that the alterations were permanent (35.4%), and physical implications and difficulty performing activities of daily living (34%) were reported. Conclusion Anosmia and dysgeusia are prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 disease, especially among females. Although transient, anosmia and dysgeusia had considerable impact on patient's life. Neuropsychological implications of COVID-19 in acute infection phase and prognosis of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19 are areas for further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Ahmed Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, South West Acute Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ghufran Jassim
- Family Medicine Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland — Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI Bahrain), Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Zahra Khalaf
- Department of Postgraduate Studies, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Manaf Yusuf
- Children’s & Adolescent Services, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Sara Ali
- Ministry of Health Bahrain, COVID-19 National Team, Sanabis, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Nada Husain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Private Health Sector, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Fatema Ebrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Private Health Sector, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hamed SA, Kamal-Eldeen EB, Ahmed MAAR. Evaluation of children and adults with post-COVID-19 persistent smell, taste and trigeminal chemosensory disorders: A hospital based study. World J Clin Pediatr 2023; 12:133-150. [PMID: 37342446 PMCID: PMC10278074 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i3.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smell disorders are the most frequent persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications.
AIM To describe the patterns and characteristics of persistent smell and taste disorders in Egyptian patients.
METHODS Assessment was done to 185 patients (adults = 150, age: 31.41 ± 8.63 years; children = 35; age: 15.66 ± 1.63 years). Otolaryngology and neuropsychiatric evaluations were done. Measurements included: A clinical questionnaire (for smell and taste); sniffin' odor, taste and flavor identification tests and the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS).
RESULTS Duration of disorders was 11.53 ± 3.97 ms (6-24 ms). Parosmia (n = 119; 64.32%) was developed months after anosmia (3.05 ± 1.87 ms). Objective testing showed anosmia in all, ageusia and flavor loss in 20% (n = 37) and loss of nasal and oral trigeminal sensations in 18% (n = 33) and 20% (n = 37), respectively. Patients had low scoring of sQOD-NS (11.41 ± 3.66). There were no specific differences in other demographics and clinical variables which could distinguish post-COVID-19 smell and taste disorders in children from adults.
CONCLUSION The course of small and taste disorders are supportive of the nasal and oral neuronal compromises. Post-COVID-19 taste and trigeminal disorders were less frequent compared to smell disorders. Post-COVID-19 flavor disorders were solely dependent on taste and not smell disorders. There were no demographics, clinical variables at onset or specific profile of these disorders in children compared to adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa Ahmed Hamed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lerner DK, Garvey KL, Arrighi-Allisan A, Kominsky E, Filimonov A, Al-Awady A, Filip P, Liu K, Ninan S, Spock T, Tweel B, van Gerwen M, Schaberg M, Colley P, Del Signore A, Govindaraj S, Iloreta AM. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation for the Treatment of Persistent COVID-Related Olfactory Dysfunction. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023:19458924231174799. [PMID: 37261995 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231174799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) supplementation in the treatment of COVID-related olfactory dysfunction (OD). METHODS Patients with laboratory-confirmed or clinically-suspected COVID-19 infection and new-onset OD from August 2020 to November 2021 were prospectively recruited. Patients with quantitative OD, defined as a brief smell identification test (BSIT) score of 9 or less, were eligible for study inclusion. The experimental group received 2 g of O3FA supplementation, while the control group received an identical placebo to be taken daily for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in BSIT score between the initial and 6-week follow-up tests. RESULTS One hundred and seventeen patients were included in the analysis, including 57 patients in the O3FA group and 60 in the placebo group. O3FA group patients demonstrated a mean BSIT improvement of 1.12 ± 1.99 compared to 0.68 ± 1.86 in the placebo group (p = 0.221). Seventy-seven patients, 42 within the O3FA group and 35 in the placebo group, completed a follow-up BSIT survey at an average of 717.8 days from study onset. At long-term follow-up, there was an average BSIT score improvement of 1.72 within the O3FA group compared to 1.76 within the placebo group (p = 0.948). CONCLUSION Among patients with persistent COVID-related OD, our study showed no clear evidence of relative short-term or long-term olfactory recovery among patients receiving high doses of O3FA supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David K Lerner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine L Garvey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annie Arrighi-Allisan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan Kominsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrey Filimonov
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abdurrahman Al-Awady
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Filip
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sen Ninan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd Spock
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Tweel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maaike van Gerwen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madeleine Schaberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Colley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Del Signore
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Satish Govindaraj
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alfred Marc Iloreta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cardella A, Riva G, Preti A, Albera A, Luzi L, Albera R, Cadei D, Motatto GM, Omenetti F, Pecorari G, Ottaviani F, Mozzanica F. Italian version of the brief Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief-IT-QOD). ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37224170 PMCID: PMC10366567 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Italian brief-QOD (Brief-IT-QOD). Methods The study consisted of six phases: item generation, reliability analysis (112 dysosmic patients for internal consistency analysis and 61 for test-retest reliability analysis), normative data generation (303 normosmic subjects), validity analysis (comparison of Brief-IT-QOD scores of healthy and dysosmic subjects and scores correlation with psychophysical olfactory testing (TDI) and SNOT-22 scores), responsiveness analysis (10 dysosmic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients before and after biologic therapy), and cut-off value determination (ROC curve analysis of Brief-IT-QOD sensitivity and specificity). Results All subjects completed the Brief-IT-QOD. Internal consistency (α > 0.70) and test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.7) were acceptable and satisfactory for both questionnaire subscales. A significant difference between dysosmic and control subjects was found in both subscales (p < 0.05). Significant correlations between subscales scores and TDI and SNOT-22 scores were observed. Brief-IT-QOD scores before treatment were significantly higher than after biological therapy. Conclusions Brief-IT-QOD is reliable, valid, responsive to changes in QoL, and recommended for clinical practice and outcome research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Cardella
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Preti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Albera
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Albera
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Cadei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Motatto
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Omenetti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pecorari
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Ottaviani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Mozzanica
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Garden EM, Kumaresan K, Clark A, Philpott CM. Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire: Scaling severity of quality-of-life impact. Clin Otolaryngol 2023; 48:206-212. [PMID: 36537763 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (ODQ) is widely used for patients suffering from olfactory disorders to depict the impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to scale and produce reference values for patients ODQ score according to Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) severity. METHODS In this prospective study, a cross-sectional anonymous survey was created, which combined EQ-5D-5L, BDI and ODQ. Correlation was calculated between the three questionnaires. Receiver operator characteristic curves were created to produce cut-off values for ODQ scores based on three BDI categories (mild, borderline clinical and moderate-to-severe depression). RESULTS Of the 578 who responded to the survey, 445 completed all sections and were included in the study. Majority were female (n = 327,73.5%), median age group 55-70 years (n = 193,43.4%). There was a strong correlation between BDI score and total ODQ score. There was a clear gradient in total ODQ score for each BDI classification; those with mild depression had the lowest mean ODQ score (101.8, range 39-168), those with moderate-to-severe depression had the highest (138.24, range 74-177). Due to overlapping of confidence intervals we were unable to grade the ODQ score. CONCLUSION The study was unable to generate reference values for the ODQ due to lower numbers of patients with borderline clinical to extreme depression. However, we were able to appreciate the general trend, that the higher the ODQ score, the higher the risk of depression. These findings should guide clinical practice to ensure appropriate care and support is provided for those with olfactory dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mairenn Garden
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Kala Kumaresan
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,The Norfolk Smell & Taste Clinic, Norfolk & Waveney ENT Service, Norwich, UK
| | - Allan Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Carl Martin Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,The Norfolk Smell & Taste Clinic, Norfolk & Waveney ENT Service, Norwich, UK.,Fifth Sense, Barrow-in-Furness, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tan HJ, Goh CH, Khoo CS, Ng CF, Tan JK, Wan Zaidi WA, Law ZK, Zulkifli MD, Md Rani SA, Wan Yahya WNN, Remli R, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Hod R, Mohamed Mukari SA, Mohd Mustapha AM, Kori N, Periyasamy P. Neurological manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single-center cross-sectional study in Malaysia. NEUROLOGY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 11:17-26. [PMID: 36714457 PMCID: PMC9874463 DOI: 10.1111/ncn3.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Neurological involvement associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported from different regions of the world. However, data from South East Asia are scarce. We described the neurological manifestations and their associated factors among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients from an academic tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional observational study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients was conducted. The neurological manifestations were divided into the self-reported central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, stroke associated symptoms, symptoms of encephalitis or encephalopathy and specific neurological complications. Multiple logistic regression was performed using demographic and clinical variables to determine the factors associated with outcome. Results Of 156 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with mean age of 55.88 ± 6.11 (SD) years, 23.7% developed neurological complications, which included stroke, encephalitis and encephalopathy. Patients with neurological complications were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (p = 0.033), symptoms of stroke [limb weakness (p < 0.001), slurred speech (p < 0.001)]; and encephalitis or encephalopathy [confusion (p < 0.001), forgetfulness (p = 0.006) and seizure (p = 0.019)]. Unvaccinated patients had a 4.25-fold increased risk of having neurological complications (adjusted OR = 4.25; 95% CI: 1.02, 17.71, p = 0.047). Anosmia and dysgeusia were less associated with neurological complications (adjusted OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.96, p = 0.044). The odds of neurological complications were increased by 18% in patients with leukocytosis (adjusted OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.003, p = 0.0460). Conclusions Stroke, encephalitis and encephalopathy were the common neurological complications from our study. Diabetes mellitus, presence of symptoms of stroke, symptoms of encephalitis or encephalopathy, leukocytosis, and being unvaccinated against COVID-19 were the associated risk factors of developing neurological complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jan Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Cheon Han Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Ching Soong Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Chen Fei Ng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Juen Kiem Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Wan Asyraf Wan Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Zhe Kang Law
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Muhamad Danial Zulkifli
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Shahrul Azmin Md Rani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | | | - Rabani Remli
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | | | | | - Najma Kori
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Petrick Periyasamy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe National University of MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pirola F, Giombi F, Ferreli F, Costantino A, Mercante G, Paoletti G, Heffler E, Canonica GW, Settimi S, De Corso E, Spriano G, Malvezzi L. Cross-Cultural Validation of the Short Version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements into Italian: Towards Personalized Patient Care. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122010. [PMID: 36556231 PMCID: PMC9782898 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high burden of olfactory dysfunction worldwide, recently increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is mandatory to adopt a specific questionnaire to assess the impact of olfactory impairment on quality of life, to be used in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to adapt and validate the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (svQOD-NS) for Italian. In the pilot phase, the Italian version of the questionnaire (ITA-svQOD-NS) was produced following recommended guidelines. It was then given to 50 healthy subjects and 50 patients (affected by either nasal polyposis or septal deviation), and results were compared to those of other widely used questionnaires. Test-retest reliability was assessed on a sample of 25 patients. All 50 patients repeated the questionnaires at one and nine months after surgery. The internal consistency of ITA-svQOD-NS measured with Cronbach α was excellent (α = 0.92). The intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was also optimal (0.93; 95%CI: 0.90-0.96). Concurrent validity tested with the Pearson coefficient was significant with all other tests administered; also, concerning responsiveness, statistically significant differences were obtained between pre- and post-operative conditions. ITA-svQOD-NS showed high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and significant correlation with all most-used clinical questionnaires; thus, it can be efficiently applied to assess olfaction-related QoL in the Italian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pirola
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Giombi
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferreli
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Costantino
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercante
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Settimi
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Corso
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, A. Gemelli Hospital Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Malvezzi
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ainer I, Husain SB, Khairiyah A, Zahedi FD, Thanabalan J. Validity and reliability of the Malay Short Version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS). THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9176160 DOI: 10.1186/s43163-022-00265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Olfaction plays an enormous role in every aspect of life including health, emotions, social life, and safety. This is why olfactory dysfunction will leave a great impact on a person’s life. During the recent pandemic hit of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), much importance was given to olfaction and its sequelae post-COVID-19. There is various questionnaire being used for determining olfactory disorders worldwide. In Malaysia, Malay language is widely conversed among the local population hence an assessment tool for an olfactory specific quality of life is necessary.
Method
This is a cross-sectional study performed in the Otorhinolaryngology clinic in a tertiary hospital. The short Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS) is a validated questionnaire that is a simple and easy tool to assess the impact of olfactory dysfunction in daily life. The original version of the short Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS) questionnaire was translated into the Malay language. A forward-backwards translation, validity, and reliability study was done on this questionnaire. A Malay version of sQOD-NS was responded to by a total of 70 participants including 35 patients of normosia and 35 patients with smell dysfunction and repeated after 2 weeks via phone call response. The discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test re-test reliability were assessed.
Results
The pilot study revealed that participants who were normosmic had a higher mean score than smell dysfunction. A Student t test shows mean 20.5 ± 1.22 in normosmic group and 6.06 ± 2.41 in hyposmic group which are significant with p value of < 0.01. The coefficient of correlation (r) between test and retest scores was 0.77 (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
The Malay translation of sQOD-NS is a validated questionnaire that can be used both in clinical practice and in academics.
Collapse
|
21
|
Bukhari AF, Malas M, Hanbazazah K, Zawawi F. The incidence and impact of anosmia on daily life after COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:1354-1362. [PMID: 36517057 PMCID: PMC9994517 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.12.20220559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of olfactory dysfunction's (OD) on patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and evaluate the risk factors associated with it. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed patients who tested positive for COVID-19 over a period of 4 months (May-July 2020) and experienced OD and mild illness. Selected patients were given 2 scales Olfactory Disorders Negative Statement (QOD-NS) and Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). RESULTS A total of 256 patients were enrolled, out of which 196 had anosmia after COVID-19 infection. More than 75% of the participants were aged between 20-40 years and 64.3% were women. The mean score of the patients was 25.13 (SD 19.6) on the SNOT-22, while it was 4.9 (SD 4.85) on the QOD-NS. There was no association between anosmia and other comorbidities and factors (age, smoking history, allergic rhinitis history, asthma, and so on). Only 39% of patients who had anosmia after COVID-19 recovered in less than 4 months. CONCLUSION Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of COVID-19 infection and it can take more than 4 months to recover. Nevertheless, this cohort reports a moderate impact on their quality of life due to anosmia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afnan F. Bukhari
- From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Bukhari, Malas, Hanbazazah, Zawawi), King Abdulaziz University, and from the Department of Otolaryngology and Surgery (Malas), King Khaled Hospital, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moayyad Malas
- From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Bukhari, Malas, Hanbazazah, Zawawi), King Abdulaziz University, and from the Department of Otolaryngology and Surgery (Malas), King Khaled Hospital, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kamal Hanbazazah
- From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Bukhari, Malas, Hanbazazah, Zawawi), King Abdulaziz University, and from the Department of Otolaryngology and Surgery (Malas), King Khaled Hospital, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faisal Zawawi
- From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Bukhari, Malas, Hanbazazah, Zawawi), King Abdulaziz University, and from the Department of Otolaryngology and Surgery (Malas), King Khaled Hospital, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shih MC, Soler ZM, Germroth M, Snyder J, Nguyen SA, Schlosser RJ. Impact of Hedonics and Magnitude Upon Validated Psychophysical Olfactory Tests and Olfactory-Specific Quality of Life. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 37:253-263. [PMID: 36341557 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221136649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Patients often describe the olfactory loss as either the inability to detect unpleasant odors (eg, smoke or spoiled food) or noticeable impairment in enjoying pleasant odors (eg, food and fragrances). This complex relationship between the hedonics of various odors, their perceived magnitude in odor strength, and the impact on patient quality of life is not well understood. Methods Sixty-five subjects underwent testing with the Henkin olfaction test which assesses hedonics and magnitude for odors traditionally deemed unpleasant (pyridine/dead fish and thiophene/gasoline) and pleasant (amyl acetate/banana and nitrobenzene/almond). Subjects also completed Smell Identification Test-40 (SIT-40), Sniffin’ Sticks (Sniffin’ Sticks), and Snap & Sniffin’ Sticks (Snap) Olfactory Tests, as well as the 17-item Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders Negative Statements (QODNS) and olfactory symptom visual analog scale (VAS). Spearman's rank correlations were conducted between various olfactory domains, QODNS and VAS. Results Mean age was 52.1 years (range: 28-86), with 63.1% females. Magnitude estimation was greatest for pyridine. Most people rated thiophene (75.4%) and pyridine (92.3%) as “unpleasant.” Although most people rated amyl acetate (47.7%) and nitrobenzene (56.9%) as “pleasant,” many rated amyl acetate (52.3%) and nitrobenzene (43.1%) as “neutral” or “unpleasant” scents. Hedonics for unpleasant odors correlated with each other ( rs = 0.60), but not with hedonics for pleasant odors. Hedonics for unpleasant odors also correlated with magnitude estimation and other psychophysical tests. These findings were not seen for hedonics of pleasant odors. Conclusions The use of unpleasant odors in Henkin testing showed unique relationship patterns with patient-reported outcome measures and validated olfactory tests, which may provide utility in characterizing olfactory dysfunction. The incorporation of more unpleasant odors in current psychophysical olfactory testing may provide enhanced information regarding the patient impact of olfactory dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Shih
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zachary M. Soler
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Matthew Germroth
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jacob Snyder
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shaun A. Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rodney J. Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mercier J, Osman M, Bouiller K, Tipirdamaz C, Gendrin V, Chirouze C, Lepiller Q, Bouvier E, Royer P, Pierron A, Toko L, Plantin J, Kadiane‐Oussou N, Zayet S, Klopfenstein T. Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19, new insights from a cohort of 353 patients: The ANOSVID study. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4762-4775. [PMID: 35672249 PMCID: PMC9347548 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory disorders (OD) pathogenesis, underlying conditions, and prognostic in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain partially described. ANOSVID is a retrospective study in Nord Franche-Comté Hospital (France) that included COVID-19 patients from March 1 2020 to May 31 2020. The aim was to compare COVID-19 patients with OD (OD group) and patients without OD (no-OD group). A second analysis compared patients with anosmia (high OD group) and patients with hyposmia or no OD (low or no-OD group). The OD group presented less cardiovascular and other respiratory diseases compared to the no-OD group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.536 [0.293-0.981], p = 0.041 and OR = 0.222 [0.056-0.874], p = 0.037 respectively). Moreover, history of malignancy was less present in the high OD group compared with the low or no-OD group (OR = 0.170 [0.064-0.455], p < 0.001). The main associated symptoms (OR > 5) with OD were loss of taste (OR = 24.059 [13.474-42.959], p = 0.000) and cacosmia (OR = 5.821 [2.246-15.085], p < 0.001). Most of all ORs decreased in the second analysis, especially for general, digestive, and ENT symptoms. Only two ORs increased: headache (OR = 2.697 [1.746-4.167], p < 0.001) and facial pain (OR = 2.901 [1.441-5.842], p = 0.002). The high OD group had a higher creatinine clearance CKD than the low or no-OD group (89.0 ± 21.1 vs. 81.0 ± 20.5, p = 0.040). No significant difference was found concerning the virological, radiological, and severity criteria. OD patients seem to have less comorbidity, especially better cardiovascular and renal function. Associated symptoms with OD were mostly neurological symptoms. We did not find a significant relationship between OD and less severity in COVID-19 possibly due to methodological bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Mercier
- Department of Infectious DiseaseNord Franche‐Comté HospitalTrévenansFrance
| | - Molka Osman
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisUniversity Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Kevin Bouiller
- Department of Infectious DiseaseUniversity Hospital of BesançonBesançonFrance
| | - Can Tipirdamaz
- Department of Infectious DiseaseNord Franche‐Comté HospitalTrévenansFrance
| | - Vincent Gendrin
- Department of Infectious DiseaseNord Franche‐Comté HospitalTrévenansFrance
| | - Catherine Chirouze
- Department of Infectious DiseaseUniversity Hospital of BesançonBesançonFrance
| | - Quentin Lepiller
- Department of VirologyUniversity Hospital of BesançonBesançonFrance
| | - Elodie Bouvier
- Clinical Research Unit, Nord Franche‐Comté HospitalTrévenansFrance
| | - Pierre‐Yves Royer
- Department of Infectious DiseaseNord Franche‐Comté HospitalTrévenansFrance
| | - Alix Pierron
- Department of Infectious DiseaseNord Franche‐Comté HospitalTrévenansFrance
| | - Lynda Toko
- Department of Infectious DiseaseNord Franche‐Comté HospitalTrévenansFrance
| | - Julie Plantin
- Department of MicrobiologyNord Franche‐Comté HospitalTrévenansFrance
| | | | - Souheil Zayet
- Department of Infectious DiseaseNord Franche‐Comté HospitalTrévenansFrance
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pendolino AL, Tan HQM, Choi D, Ottaviano G, Andrews PJ. Long-term quality-of-life impairment in patients with more than 1-year COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 13:160-164. [PMID: 35943211 PMCID: PMC9539209 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Luca Pendolino
- Department of ENTRoyal National ENT & Eastman Dental HospitalsLondonUK,Ear InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - David Choi
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUK
| | - Giancarlo Ottaviano
- Department of NeurosciencesOtolaryngology SectionUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Peter J Andrews
- Department of ENTRoyal National ENT & Eastman Dental HospitalsLondonUK,Ear InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xerfan EMS, Morelhao PK, Arakaki FH, Facina ADS, Tomimori J, Xavier SD, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Could melatonin have a potential adjuvant role in the treatment of the lasting anosmia associated with COVID-19? A review. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:465-470. [PMID: 35766866 PMCID: PMC9349376 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anosmia, the loss of the sense of smell, is usually associated with rhinopathies and has been reported as a common symptom of COVID-19. There is no specific drug to treat this condition, although some evidence suggests that melatonin could promote the recovery of olfactory sensory neurons. METHODS We set out to perform a narrative review to synthesize the current evidence in this area in respect of our hypothesis that melatonin may be linked with anosmia and play a part in oxidative stress and the regulation of inflammation. The main electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched. RESULTS The search produced 26 articles related to our hypothesis. Some studies examined issues related to melatonin's effects and its use as adjuvant therapy for COVID-19. Despite some studies suggesting that melatonin may have potential in the treatment of COVID-19, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no trials that have used it to treat anosmia associated with the disease. Few articles identified proposed that melatonin might have an effect on olfactory cells. DISCUSSION Further experimental and clinical research on the role of circadian melatonin in the olfactory system is warranted. This will provide evidence of the use of melatonin in the management of anosmia. A number of identified studies suggest that the imbalanced release of melatonin by the pineal gland associated with sleep disturbance may play a role in anosmia, although the specific pathway is not yet entirely clear. This may be a base for further research into the potential role of melatonin as adjuvant treatment of anosmia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M S Xerfan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila K Morelhao
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe H Arakaki
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jane Tomimori
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Dermatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra D Xavier
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Asthma and Cacosmia Could Be Predictive Factors of Olfactory Dysfunction Persistence 9 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The ANOSVID Study. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070929. [PMID: 35888019 PMCID: PMC9319724 DOI: 10.3390/life12070929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Long-term evolution data of olfactory disorders (OD) in COVID-19 are limited. Method. ANOSVID is a retrospective study in Nord Franche-Comté Hospital (France) that included COVID-19 patients from the first wave. The aim was to describe OD evolution, especially in patients with persistent OD (p-OD group) in comparison with patients with resolved OD (r-OD group). Results. Among 354 COVID-19 patients, 229 reported OD were included. Eighty-five percent of patients (n = 195) recovered from their OD within 90 days. However, 9.5 months (in average) after symptoms onset, OD were persisting in 93 patients (40.6%) and resolved in 136 patients (59.4%). In the p-OD group (n = 93), the mean age was 51.4 years (19-98) ± 20.2, and 65 patients (69.9%) were female; the three main comorbidities in the p-OD group were: asthma (20.4%, n = 19), allergic rhinitis (19.4%, n = 18), and arterial hypertension (16.1%, n = 15). Eleven patients (12%) presented anosmia, and 82 patients (88%) presented hyposmia. Asthma was more described in p-OD group than r-OD group (19 (20.4%) versus 10 (7.4%), p = 0.006). Cacosmia was more described in p-OD group than r-OD group (27 (29.0%) versus 18 (13.2%), p = 0.005). There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning other comorbidities and symptoms, clinical, biological, and imaging findings, and outcome or about the impact of OD on the quality of life of the patients between the p-OD group and r-OD group. sQOD-NS brief version score was 10.7 ± 5.89 and 12.0 ± 6.03, respectively (p = 0.137). Conclusion. Forty-one percent of patients with OD reported OD persistence 9.5 months after COVID-19 (hyposmia in 88% of cases). Asthma and cacosmia could be predictive factors of OD persistence.
Collapse
|
27
|
Predictive significance of the questionnaire of olfactory disorders-negative statements for olfactory loss in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:5253-5262. [PMID: 35718822 PMCID: PMC9206836 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The questionnaire of olfactory disorder-negative statements (QOD-NS) is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the olfactory-specific quality of life. This study aimed to explore the association between the QOD-NS and objective olfactory metrics (including objective olfactory cleft assessment) and then evaluate the predictive significance of the QOD-NS for olfactory loss in Chinese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods A total of 70 patients with CRS were enrolled in the study. Olfaction was assessed with Sniffin’ Sticks. The olfactory cleft was assessed by the sinus CT scan and nasal endoscopy (the Lund–Mackay olfactory cleft scale, LM-OC and olfactory cleft endoscopy scale, OCES). The QOD-NS and its short version were utilized to assess the patient-reported olfaction. The predictors associated with olfactory loss were analyzed by the logistic regression analysis. The optimal cutoff points of the predictors were determined by the receiver-operating characteristic curves and the Youden index. Results The TDI score in patients with CRS significantly correlated with the QOD-NS (r = − 0.755, P < 0.001), OCES (r = − 0.520, P < 0.001), LM-OC (r = − 0.615, P < 0.001). After adjusting for patient demographics and comorbidities, QOD-NS was significantly associated with olfactory dysfunction [odds ratio (OR) = 1.243; P = 0.001] and anosmia in patients with CRS (OR = 1.838; P = 0.006). Furthermore, the QOD-NS significantly correlated with the LM-OC (r = 0.610, P < 0.001), and the OCES (r = 0.464, P < 0.001) in patients with CRS. The QOD-NS had the highest predictive value for olfactory dysfunction (optimal cutoff = 10.5; Youden index = 0.635; area under the curve = 0.861) and anosmia (optimal cutoff = 20.5; Youden index = 0.790; area under the curve = 0.928) in patients with CRS. Conclusion The QOD-NS showed high validity and correlated well with objective olfactory metrics and olfactory cleft assessment in patients with CRS. The QOD-NS was a reliable predictor for olfactory dysfunction and anosmia in patients with CRS, which may aid in the fast screening of olfactory loss in the clinic.
Collapse
|
28
|
Vandersteen C, Payne M, Dumas LÉ, Cancian É, Plonka A, D’Andréa G, Chirio D, Demonchy É, Risso K, Askenazy-Gittard F, Savoldelli C, Guevara N, Robert P, Castillo L, Manera V, Gros A. Olfactory Training in Post-COVID-19 Persistent Olfactory Disorders: Value Normalization for Threshold but Not Identification. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123275. [PMID: 35743346 PMCID: PMC9224948 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Persistent post-viral olfactory disorders (PPVOD) are estimated at 30% of patients one year after COVID-19 infection. No treatment is, to date, significantly effective on PPVOD with the exception of olfactory training (OT). The main objective of this work was to evaluate OT efficiency on post-COVID-19 PPVOD. (2) Methods: Consecutive patients consulting to the ENT department with post-COVID-19 PPVOD were included after completing clinical examination, the complete Sniffin’ Stick Test (TDI), the short version of the Questionnaire of olfactory disorders and the SF-36. Patients were trained to practice a self-olfactory training with a dedicated olfactory training kit twice a day for 6 months before returning to undergo the same assessments. (3) Results: Forty-three patients were included and performed 3.5 months of OT in average. We observed a significant TDI score improvement, increasing from 24.7 (±8.9) before the OT to 30.9 (±9.8) (p < 0.001). Based on normative data, a significant increase in the number of normosmic participants was observed only for the threshold values (p < 0.001). Specific and general olfaction-related quality of life improved after the OT. (4) Conclusions: Olfactory function appeared to improve only in peripheral aspects of post-COVID-19 PPVOD after OT. Future controlled studies must be performed to confirm the OT role and justify new therapeutic strategies that may focus on the central aspects of post-COVID-19 PPVOD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clair Vandersteen
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-9203-1705
| | - Magali Payne
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice (DON), UFR Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Louise-Émilie Dumas
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 57 Avenue de la Californie, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Élisa Cancian
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Alexandra Plonka
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Institut NeuroMod, INRIA Centre de Recherche Sophia Antipolis, Université Côte d’Azur, 2004 Route des Lucioles, 06902 Valbonne, France
- Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Grégoire D’Andréa
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - David Chirio
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de l’archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France; (D.C.); (É.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Élisa Demonchy
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de l’archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France; (D.C.); (É.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Karine Risso
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de l’archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France; (D.C.); (É.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Florence Askenazy-Gittard
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 57 Avenue de la Californie, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Charles Savoldelli
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Nicolas Guevara
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Philippe Robert
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice (DON), UFR Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
- Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Laurent Castillo
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Valeria Manera
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice (DON), UFR Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Auriane Gros
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice (DON), UFR Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
- Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shih MC, Soler ZM, Germroth M, Snyder J, Nguyen SA, Schlosser RJ. Comparison of validated psychophysical olfactory tests and olfactory-specific quality of life. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:1428-1431. [PMID: 35476373 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Shih
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew Germroth
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob Snyder
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shaun A Nguyen
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang J, Feng Y, Liu W, He L, Qiao X. Effect of early olfactory training on olfactory recovery after nasal endoscopy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and olfactory impairment. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:2600-2608. [PMID: 35559418 PMCID: PMC9091090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of early comprehensive olfactory rehabilitation training on olfactory recovery after nasal endoscopy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and olfactory impairment. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 67 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis combined with olfactory impairment in our hospital from July 2018 to August 2020. Patients were divided into control group and observation group according to the time of implementing comprehensive olfactory rehabilitation training. The control group received non-early comprehensive olfactory rehabilitation training at 2 weeks after nasal endoscopy, and the observation group received early comprehensive olfactory rehabilitation training at 1 week after nasal endoscopy. The minimum detection/recognition threshold, olfactory threshold, olfactory function and quality of life were compared between the two groups. RESULTS After 3 months of training, T&T olfactory test scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The minimum detection scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after 1, 2 and 3 months of training, and the recognition scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of olfactory threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification of the observation group after 1, 2 and 3 months of training were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). After 3 months of training, the self-description scores of quality-of-life questionnaires in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Early comprehensive olfactory training can improve the olfactory threshold and odor discrimination of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis combined with olfactory impairment after nasal endoscopy, improve the quality of life, and have a positive effect on olfactory recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, Tianjin Fourth Central HospitalTianjin 300140, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, Tianjin Fourth Central HospitalTianjin 300140, China
| | - Xiaocheng Qiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, Tianjin Fourth Central HospitalTianjin 300140, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wei G, Gu J, Gu Z, Du C, Huang X, Xing H, Li L, Zhang A, Hu X, Huo J. Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review. Front Neurol 2022; 12:783249. [PMID: 35115994 PMCID: PMC8805677 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.783249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is wreaking havoc on public-health and economic systems worldwide. Among the several neurological symptoms of patients with COVID-19 reported in clinical practice, olfactory dysfunction (OD) is the most common. OD occurs as the earliest or the only clinical manifestation in some patients. Increasing research attention has focused on OD, which is listed as one of the main diagnostic symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection. Multiple clinical and basic-science studies on COVID-19-induced OD are underway to clarify the underlying mechanism of action. In this review, we summarize the clinical characteristics, mechanisms, evaluation methods, prognosis, and treatment options of COVID-19-induced OD. In this way, we hope to improve the understanding of COVID-19-induced OD to aid early identification and precise intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oncology, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jialin Gu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The Third Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhancheng Gu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The Third Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Du
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The Third Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingchang Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oncology, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingxing Hu
| | - Jiege Huo
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiege Huo
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zou L, Haehner A, Menzel S, Gunder N, Hummel T. Reliability and validity of a brief version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief QOD) in patients with olfactory dysfunction. Rhinology 2021; 60:56-62. [PMID: 34874020 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the brief version of Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief QOD). METHODS A total of 372 patients participated in this study. Olfactory function was examined using the Sniffin' Sticks test. The brief version of QOD, including 4 items concerning parosmia (QOD-P), 7 items concerning quality of life (QOD-QOL), and 3 visual analog scales to rate disease burden, awareness of the disorder and issues related to professional life (QOD-VAS), was used to assess subjective information on olfactory dysfunction. We evaluated the split-half reliability, internal consistency and validity of the brief QOD. RESULTS The split-half reliability was 0.60 (QOD-P), 0.87 (QOD-QOL), and 0.66 (QOD-VAS), respectively. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.63 (QOD-P), 0.87 (QOD-QOL), and 0.71 (QOD-VAS), respectively. Olfactory function was found to be associated with QOD-P, QOD-QOL and QOD-VAS. CONCLUSIONS The brief QOD is a suitable scale for the assessment of subjective severity of olfactory dysfunction for purposes such as treatment counseling, disability assessment, treatment control, and research in patients with olfactory disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zou
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany 2 Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 3 Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - A Haehner
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Menzel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - N Gunder
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lerner DK, Garvey KL, Arrighi-Allisan AE, Filimonov A, Filip P, Shah J, Tweel B, Del Signore A, Schaberg M, Colley P, Govindaraj S, Iloreta AM. Clinical Features of Parosmia Associated With COVID-19 Infection. Laryngoscope 2021; 132:633-639. [PMID: 34870334 PMCID: PMC9015517 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To characterize the clinical features, risk factors, symptom time‐course, and quality of life implications for parosmia among coronavirus disease (COVID)‐related olfactory dysfunction patients. Methods Individuals with olfactory dysfunction associated with laboratory‐confirmed or clinically suspected COVID‐19 infection were recruited from otolaryngology and primary care practices over a period from August 2020 to March 2021. Participants completed olfactory dysfunction and quality of life surveys. Results A total of 148 (64.1%) of 231 respondents reported parosmia at some point. Parosmia developed within 1 week of any COVID‐19 symptom onset in 25.4% of respondents, but more than 1 month after symptom onset in 43.4% of respondents. Parosmia was associated with significantly better quantitative olfactory scores on Brief Smell Identification Test (8.7 vs. 7.5, P = .006), but demonstrated worse quality of life scores, including modified brief Questionnaire of Olfactory Dysfunction—Negative Statements and Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 scores (12.1 vs. 8.5, P < .001; 26.2 vs. 23.2, P = .113). Participants who developed parosmia at any point were significantly younger and less likely to have history of chronic sinusitis than those who did not develop parosmia (40.2 vs. 44.9 years, P = .007; 7.2% vs. 0.7%, P = .006). Conclusion COVID‐19‐associated olfactory dysfunction is frequently linked with development of parosmia, which often presents either at onset of smell loss or in a delayed fashion. Despite better quantitative olfactory scores, respondents with parosmia report decreased quality of life. A majority of respondents with persistent parosmia have sought treatment. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 132:633–639, 2022
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David K Lerner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katherine L Garvey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Annie E Arrighi-Allisan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrey Filimonov
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Filip
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Janki Shah
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Tweel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Del Signore
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Madeleine Schaberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Colley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Satish Govindaraj
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alfred Marc Iloreta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vandersteen C, Payne M, Dumas LÉ, Plonka A, D'Andréa G, Chirio D, Demonchy É, Risso K, Robert P, Fernandez X, Askenazy-Gittard F, Savoldelli C, Guevara N, Castillo L, Manera V, Gros A. What about using sniffin' sticks 12 items test to screen post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:3477-3484. [PMID: 34716806 PMCID: PMC8556789 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Post-COVID-19 Olfactory impairment has a negative impact on quality of life. The Sniffin Sticks test 12 items (SST-12) can be used in quick olfactory disorders screening. Its evaluation in a post-covid-19 situation was the main objective of this work. Methods All patient impaired with a post-COVID olfactory loss were included while consulting to the ENT department. The clinical examination included an olfaction recovery self-assessment (VAS), a nasofibroscopy, a quality of life (QoL) assessment, the complete Sniffin’ Sticks Test (SST), and the SST-12. Results Among the 54 patients included, 92% (n = 50) were correctly screened as olfactory impaired by SST-12. We report excellent correlations between SST-12 and SST (rho (52) = 0.98, p < 0.001), QoL(rho(52) = 0.33 p = 0.016), or VAS (rho(52) = 0.49, p < 0.001) assessments. Conclusions SST-12 is a quick and reliable tool to screen large-scale population of post-COVID-19 olfactory impaired patients and could be used in a general daily clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clair Vandersteen
- Institut Universitaire de La Face Et du Cou, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France. .,Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Laboratoire CoBTeK, Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau Et du Mouvement, Nice, France.
| | - Magali Payne
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Laboratoire CoBTeK, Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau Et du Mouvement, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Département d'Orthophonie de Nice, UFR Medecine, Nice, France
| | - Louise-Émilie Dumas
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Laboratoire CoBTeK, Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau Et du Mouvement, Nice, France.,Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 57 Avenue de la Californie, 06200, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
| | - Alexandra Plonka
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Laboratoire CoBTeK, Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau Et du Mouvement, Nice, France.,Institut NeuroMod, INRIA Centre de Recherche Sophia Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2004 Route des Lucioles, 06902, Sophia Antipolis, Alpes-Maritimes, France
| | - Grégoire D'Andréa
- Institut Universitaire de La Face Et du Cou, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
| | - David Chirio
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de L'archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 151 route de Saint-Antoine, 06200, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
| | - Élisa Demonchy
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de L'archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 151 route de Saint-Antoine, 06200, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
| | - Karine Risso
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de L'archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 151 route de Saint-Antoine, 06200, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
| | - Philippe Robert
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Laboratoire CoBTeK, Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau Et du Mouvement, Nice, France
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
| | - Florence Askenazy-Gittard
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Laboratoire CoBTeK, Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau Et du Mouvement, Nice, France
| | - Charles Savoldelli
- Institut Universitaire de La Face Et du Cou, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
| | - Nicolas Guevara
- Institut Universitaire de La Face Et du Cou, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
| | - Laurent Castillo
- Institut Universitaire de La Face Et du Cou, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
| | - Valeria Manera
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Laboratoire CoBTeK, Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau Et du Mouvement, Nice, France.,Institut NeuroMod, INRIA Centre de Recherche Sophia Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2004 Route des Lucioles, 06902, Sophia Antipolis, Alpes-Maritimes, France
| | - Auriane Gros
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Laboratoire CoBTeK, Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau Et du Mouvement, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Département d'Orthophonie de Nice, UFR Medecine, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mattos JL, Bodner TE, Mace JC, Schlosser RJ, Beswick DM, Ramakrishnan VR, Alt JA, Payne SC, Smith TL, Soler ZM. Psychometric properties of the brief version of the questionnaire of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:1436-1442. [PMID: 33864723 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (QOD-NS) is a 17-item instrument measuring olfactory-specific quality of life (QOL). However, in clinical research patients can be overwhelmed with multiple questionnaires. We recently developed the 7-item brief QOD-NS (B-QOD). Our objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the B-QOD in both the development (D) sample, and in a separate replication (R) sample. METHODS Testing on D (n = 203) and R (n = 281) samples included initial exploratory factor analysis (EFA), followed by internal reliability, information loss, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Finally, incremental predictive utility analysis (IPUA) was performed by correlating the B-QOD with the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) survey. RESULTS EFAs of both D and R demonstrated an underlying single-factor structure (eigenvalue = 4.17 and 3.57, respectively) with comparable loading factors (R > 0.30 for both). B-QOD also had good internal reliability in both D and R (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88 and 0.83, respectively). Also, there is minimal information loss with B-QOD compared to QOD-NS in both D and R (R = 0.98 and 0.96, respectively). CFA indicates that the B-QOD single-factor model has good overall fit as measured by the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and the Standardized Root Mean Squared Residuals (SRMSR) in the D and R samples (CFI = 0.99 and 0.97; SRMSR = 0.035 and 0.053). IPUA shows that the QOD-NS offers no additional predictive benefit of SNOT-22 scores when compared with B-QOD. CONCLUSION The 7-item B-QOD captures a structurally coherent and reliable single dimension, with minimal information loss and excellent external predictive utility when compared to the QOD-NS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Mattos
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Todd E Bodner
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jess C Mace
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel M Beswick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Vijay R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Spencer C Payne
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vandersteen C, Payne M, Dumas LE, Metelkina-Fernandez V, Plonka A, Chirio D, Demonchy E, Risso K, Askenazy-Gittard F, Guevara N, Castillo L, Manera V, Gros A. Persistent olfactory complaints after COVID-19: a new interpretation of the psychophysical olfactory scores. RHINOLOGY ONLINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4193/rhinol/21.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sudden olfactory loss is a major symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection and has a negative impact on daily life quality. Almost 80% of disorders regress spontaneously. No precise characterization of the medium- and long-term olfactory symptoms has been carried out yet, apart from self-assessments. The main objective of this work was to characterize persistent smell disorders in this population. Methodology: Consecutive patients consulting to the ENT department with post-Covid19 olfactory loss were included. The clinical examination included an analog scale for the self-assessment of olfactory recovery), a nasofibroscopy, the Sniffin’ Stick Test and the short version of the Questionnaire of olfactory disorders. Results: Among the 34 patients included, based on the Sniffin’ Sticks Test, 29.4% (n=10) could be classified as normosmic, 55.9% (n=19) as hyposmic and 14.7% (n=5) as functional anosmic). Only olfactory identification impairment was significantly correlated with olfactory complaint and daily anxiety and annoyance related to lack of olfaction recovery. This identification disorder seemed to worsen over time. Conclusions: It is crucial to assess odor identification disorders in case of persistent olfactory complaints after COVID-19. It is fundamental to target this disorder, as it does not improve spontaneously and negatively impact quality of life.
Collapse
|
37
|
Yadav V, Bhagat S, Sharma DK, Sibia RPS, Pandav R, Sandhu VP. Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Tertiary Care Institute Experience in India. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 74:2801-2808. [PMID: 33425695 PMCID: PMC7778715 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 epidemic has varied spectrum of symptoms. With this study we aim to evaluate prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. To assess Olfactory and Gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients in Indian Population. Settings and Design: Prospective observational study. RT-PCR proven COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study. Detailed history and olfactory function and Taste function were evaluated. Patient with symptoms of olfactory dysfunction were subjected to fill (sQOD-NS questionnaire). Re-evaluation was done weekly till the time of discharge. Analysis was done with Wilcoxon test with help of SPSS software. A total of 152 patients (Male-78, Female-74) completed the study after weekly evaluation. Olfactory and Gustatory dysfunction was seen in 28 (18.41%) and 20 (13.15%). Mean duration of symptoms was 2.4444 ± 0.352 days. Olfactory dysfunction was the first presenting symptom in 11 out of 152 patients (7.23%). Mean QD-NOS score in patients with Anosmia and Hyposmia (28 patients) was 11.4 ± 2.01 and 13.61 ± 2.82 at 1st evaluation, 20.3 ± 1.49 and 20.33 ± 1.57 at 7th day and 21 in both subgroups at 14th day follow up. Dysgeusia was noticed in 20/152 patients (13.15%). Recovery in olfactory dysfunction and Dysgeusia was complete in all patients. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are significant part of clinical spectrum of COVID-19 disease In Indian Population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishav Yadav
- Department of ENT, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
| | - Sanjeev Bhagat
- Department of ENT, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
| | | | | | - Richa Pandav
- Department of ENT, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chiesa-Estomba CM, Lechien JR, Calvo-Henríquez C, Mayo M, Maldonado B, Maza J, Tucciarone M, Villareal I, Vaira LA, Izquierdo-Dominguez A, Alobid I. Translation and validation of the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements to Spanish. Am J Otolaryngol 2021; 42:102775. [PMID: 33125905 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are more than 400 million of native Spanish speakers around the world, being the second most spoken language in regard to the number of native speakers. For this reason, a valid questionnaire to access the olfaction of our patients is necessary. MATERIAL AND METHODS Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the svQOD-NS questionnaire to the Spanish language. Internal consistency of svQOD-NS measured with Cronbach α. RESULTS 40 patients met the inclusion criteria. 41 ± 153 (range 21-82), and 32 (80%) were female. 20 patients (57,1%) were male and 15 (42,9%) were female. There was a normal distribution among patients included according to the Shapiro-Wilk test (p = 0.175). Internal consistency of svQOD-NS measured with Cronbach α was 0.861. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.849 (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.766-0.911). CONCLUSION The Spanish Language is the second most spoken language with regard to the number of native speakers and the svQOD-NS translation represents a valid option for the Spanish-speaking medical community, from which a large number of patients can benefit.
Collapse
|
39
|
Benkirane H, Heikel J, Laamiri FZ, Bouziani A, Lahmam H, Al-Jawaldeh A, El Haloui N, Ennibi K, Akhtar-Khan N, El Fahime EM, Obtel M, Barkat A, Aguenaou H. Study of Clinical and Biological Characteristics of Moroccan Covid-19 Patients With and Without Olfactory and/or Gustatory Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:595005. [PMID: 33329044 PMCID: PMC7710934 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.595005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents a significant and urgent threat to global health. This alarming viral infection, declared as pandemic by the WHO in February 2020, has resulted millions of infected patients and thousands of deaths around the world. In Morocco, despite the efforts made by the authorities, the SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and constitutes a burden of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to describe clinical characteristics of COVID-19 Moroccan patients and to establish the relationship between specific clinical symptoms, namely ageusia and/or anosmia, with these characteristics. Methods We performed a descriptive, non-interventional cross-sectional study analyzing data from 108 patients admitted to the VINCI clinic, Casablanca (Morocco). The database includes 39 parameters including epidemiological characteristics, anthropometric measurements and biological analyzes. Results The average of age of the patients was 43.80 ± 15.75 years with a sex ratio of 1:1. The mean body mass index of the patients was 25.54 ± 4.63 Kg/m2. The majority of patients had, at least, one comorbidity and among 75% symptomatic patients, about 50% had, at least, three symptoms namely, fever (40.7%), cough (39.8%), myalgia (28.7%), and anosmia and/or ageusia (20.4%). From biological analyzes, we noticed lymphopenia and an elevated protein C reactive and lactate dehydrogenases levels in 24.1, 36.1, and 35.2% of patients, respectively. A disturbance in liver function markers was observed in 15.7% of cases. For the other hemostasis parameters, high levels of prothrombin and platelets were reported in 14.6 and 14.8% of patients, respectively. Comparisons related to the presence of anosmia and/or ageusia did not show any difference for demographic and anthropometric characteristics, while a possibility of a significant difference was revealed for certain biological parameters, particularly the levels of lymphocytes, D-dimer and troponin. Conclusion This study provides significant findings that will be used not only to supplement previous studies carried out in Morocco in order to resume the epidemiological situation in comparison with other countries, but also to improve the quality of the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients by identifying all the symptoms of the disease and better understanding its clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasnae Benkirane
- CNESTEN, Joint Research Unit in Nutrition and Food, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Ibn Tofaïl University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Jaafar Heikel
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Laamiri
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Higher Institute of Health Sciences of settat, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Amina Bouziani
- CNESTEN, Joint Research Unit in Nutrition and Food, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Ibn Tofaïl University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Houria Lahmam
- CNESTEN, Joint Research Unit in Nutrition and Food, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Ibn Tofaïl University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Nutrition, Department of NonCommunicable Diseases and Mental Health World Health Organization (WHO),Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), Abdul Razzak Al-Sanhouri, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noureddine El Haloui
- CNESTEN, Joint Research Unit in Nutrition and Food, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Ibn Tofaïl University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Khalid Ennibi
- Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naim Akhtar-Khan
- Inserm Research Center, U1231 INSERM/UB/AgroSup, Team-Physiology of Nutrition & Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | | | - Majdouline Obtel
- Laboratory of Community Health, Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Public Heath, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amina Barkat
- Health and Nutrition Research Team of the Mother-Child Couple, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed 5th University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hassan Aguenaou
- CNESTEN, Joint Research Unit in Nutrition and Food, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Ibn Tofaïl University, Kenitra, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shah NN, Hussain RT, Mustafa H, Mushtaq M, Ali M. Evaluation of Olfactory Acuity in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 74:2772-2779. [PMID: 33134156 PMCID: PMC7588343 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim and Objectives To describe the prevalence and characteristics of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods This monocentric study was performed at Chest Diseases Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic and all patients testing positive for COVID-19 over a 5-month period (April to August 2020) were recruited. Detailed history was elicited from subjects and all patients were inquired about olfactory dysfunction (OD). Patients with olfactory dysfunction were asked to complete olfactory questionnaires based on the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS). Results 655 patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection were included in the study. The prevalence rate of olfactory dysfunction was 18.47% (n = 121) with contribution of 11.60% (n = 76) and 6.87% (n = 45) from anosmia and hyposmia respectively, thereby suggesting olfactory dysfunction to be a significant clinical feature in COVID-19 patients. Males were significantly more affected by olfactory dysfunctions than females. Anosmic patients had significantly reduced sQOD-NS results as compared to hyposmic patients (significant at P < 0.05). The mean duration of OD was 7.7 days (± 4.3) and >90% patients in our study showed resolution within 14 days. Conclusion The early recognition of olfactory dysfunction should help to screen, identify and thereby quickly isolate mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients from the general population and the existence of these dysfunctions may well be a prognostic factor in the course of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hena Mustafa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, GMC, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Mariya Ali
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, GMC, Srinagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fuccillo E, Saibene AM, Canevini MP, Felisati G. Olfactory disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic literature review. J Laryngol Otol 2020; 134:1-10. [PMID: 32928323 PMCID: PMC7511837 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120002005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent scientific literature has widely described a possible major role of smell dysfunction as a specific symptom of coronavirus disease 2019. This systematic review may provide a more holistic approach to current knowledge of the disease. METHODS A systematic review was completed using Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases that considered original articles focused on olfactory evaluation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients, published between March and May 2020, in English language. RESULTS From the 483 research papers initially identified, 32 original studies were selected, comprising a total of 17 306 subjects with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. Individual study sample sizes ranged from 6 to 6452 patients. This comprehensive analysis confirmed that olfactory disorders represent an important clinical feature in coronavirus disease 2019, with a prevalence of 11-100 per cent in included patients, although there was heterogeneity in terms of assessment tools and population selection criteria. CONCLUSION The results indicate that an accurate clinical evaluation should be carried out using structured questionnaires and tests with olfactory substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Fuccillo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, ‘Tor Vergata’ University of Rome, Italy
| | - A M Saibene
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - M P Canevini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - G Felisati
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Freni F, Meduri A, Gazia F, Nicastro V, Galletti C, Aragona P, Galletti C, Galletti B, Galletti F. Symptomatology in head and neck district in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A possible neuroinvasive action of SARS-CoV-2. Am J Otolaryngol 2020; 41:102612. [PMID: 32574896 PMCID: PMC7301823 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this manuscript is to investigate transversally Ear Nose Throat (ENT) symptoms COVID-19 infection correlated and to study the neurotropism and neuroinvasiveness of the virus in the head-neck district through the investigation of the sense of smell, taste, tearing, salivation and hearing. METHODS A total of 50 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were included in our study. For each patient we evaluated the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS), the Summated Xerostomia Inventory-Dutch Version (SXI-DV), The Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED), Schirmer test I, the Hearing Handicap Inventory For Adults (HHIA) and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). All the tests we carried out were performed during the active phase of the symptomatology from COVID-19 (Condition A) and 15 after SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR test negative (Condition B). RESULTS A total of 46 patients (92%) had olfactory dysfunction related to the infection. The 70% of patients reported gustatory disorders. Cough, fever, headache and asthenia were the most prevalent symptoms. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0,001) in sQOD-NS, SXI-DV, SPEED, Schirmer test, HHIA and THI between Condition A and Condition B. CONCLUSIONS In our population there was an alteration of the sense of taste, of the sense of smell, dry eyes and of the oral cavity and an auditory discomfort, symptoms probably linked to the neurotropism of the virus. Furthermore, anosmia, dysgeusia and xerostomia are early symptoms of COVID-19, which can be exploited for an early quarantine and a limitation of viral contagion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Freni
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ME, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Meduri
- Department of Scienze biomediche, odontoiatriche e delle immagini morfologiche e funzionali, Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gazia
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ME, Italy.
| | - Viviana Nicastro
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ME, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Galletti
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ME, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Scienze biomediche, odontoiatriche e delle immagini morfologiche e funzionali, Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Galletti
- Department School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bruno Galletti
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ME, Italy.
| | - Francesco Galletti
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ME, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chiesa-Estomba CM, Lechien JR, Portillo-Mazal P, Martínez F, Cuauro-Sanchez J, Calvo-Henriquez C, Saussez S. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19. First reports of Latin-American ethnic patients. Am J Otolaryngol 2020; 41:102605. [PMID: 32531619 PMCID: PMC7834712 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Chiesa-Estomba
- Task Force COVID-19 of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS); Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Task Force COVID-19 of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS); Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jesús Cuauro-Sanchez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Clínica Siatea, San Fernando de Apure, Venezuela
| | - Christian Calvo-Henriquez
- Task Force COVID-19 of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS); Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sven Saussez
- Task Force COVID-19 of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS); Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lechien JR, Michel J, Radulesco T, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Vaira LA, De Riu G, Sowerby L, Hopkins C, Saussez S. Clinical and Radiological Evaluations of COVID-19 Patients With Anosmia: Preliminary Report. Laryngoscope 2020; 130:2526-2531. [PMID: 32678494 PMCID: PMC7404961 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To investigate clinical and radiological features of olfactory clefts of patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). STUDY DESIGN Prospective non controlled study. METHODS Sixteen COVID-19 patients were recruited. The epidemiological and clinical data were extracted. Nasal complaints were assessed through the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test. Patients underwent psychophysical olfactory testing, olfactory cleft examination, and computed tomography (CT) scans. RESULTS Sixteen anosmic patients were included. The mean Sniffin' Sticks score was 4.6 ± 1.7. The majority of patients had no endoscopical abnormality, with a mean olfactory cleft endoscopy score of 0.6 ± 0.9. The olfactory clefts were opacified in three patients on the CT scan. The mean radiological olfactory cleft score was 0.7 ± 0.8. There were no significant correlations between clinical, radiological, and psychophysical olfactory testing. CONCLUSIONS The olfactory cleft of anosmic COVID-19 patients is free regarding endoscopic examination and imaging. The anosmia etiology is not related to edema of the olfactory cleft. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 130:2526-2531, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome R Lechien
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Marseille, France.,Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Justin Michel
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Marseille, France.,Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Aix Marseille University, APHM, IUSTI, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Radulesco
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Marseille, France.,Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Aix Marseille University, APHM, IUSTI, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Carlos M Chiesa-Estomba
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Marseille, France.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Luigi A Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Marseille, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Department of Otolaryngology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Saussez
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Marseille, France.,Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chiesa-Estomba CM, Lechien JR, Radulesco T, Michel J, Sowerby LJ, Hopkins C, Saussez S. Patterns of smell recovery in 751 patients affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:2318-2321. [PMID: 32677329 PMCID: PMC7405216 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Post-viral olfactory dysfunction is well established and has been shown to be a key symptom of COVID-19 with more than 66% of European and US patients reporting some degree of loss of smell. Persistent olfactory dysfunction appears to be commonplace and will drive the demand for general practitioner, otolaryngology or neurology consultation in the next few months - evidence regarding recovery will be essential in counselling our patients. METHODS This was a prospective survey-based data collection and telemedicine follow-up. RESULTS In total, 751 patients completed the study, of whom 477 were females and 274 males. The mean age of the patients was 41 ± 13 years (range 18-60). There were 621 patients (83%) who subjectively reported a total loss of smell and 130 (17%) a partial loss. After a mean follow-up of 47 ± 7 days (range 30-71) from the first consultation, 277 (37%) patients still reported a persistent subjective loss of smell, 107 (14%) reported partial recovery and 367 (49%) reported complete recovery. The mean duration of the olfactory dysfunction was 10 ± 6 days (range 3-31) in those patients who completely recovered and 12 ± 8 days (range 7-35) in those patients who partially recovered. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, at this relatively early point in the pandemic, subjective patterns of recovery of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients are valuable for our patients, for hypothesis generation and for treatment development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Chiesa-Estomba
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - J R Lechien
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - T Radulesco
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.,Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, IUSTI, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - J Michel
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - L J Sowerby
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - S Saussez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Hornu, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Patterns of Gustatory Recovery in Patients Affected by the COVID-19 Outbreak. Virol Sin 2020; 35:833-837. [PMID: 32748131 PMCID: PMC7397964 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
47
|
Barillari MR, Bastiani L, Lechien JR, Mannelli G, Molteni G, Cantarella G, Coppola N, Costa G, Trecca EMC, Grillo C, La Mantia I, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Vicini C, Saussez S, Nacci A, Cammaroto G. A structural equation model to examine the clinical features of mild-to-moderate COVID-19: A multicenter Italian study. J Med Virol 2020; 93:983-994. [PMID: 32710639 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a sample of Italian patients and to investigate the occurrence of smell and taste disorders. Infected individuals with suspected (clinical diagnosis) or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were recruited. Patients completed a survey-based questionnaire with the aim of assessing their epidemiological and clinical characteristics, general otorhinolaryngological symptoms, and smell and taste disorders. A total of 294 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 completed the survey (147 females). The most prevalent general symptoms included fever, myalgia, cough, and headache. A total of 70.4% and 59.2% of patients reported smell and taste disorders, respectively. A significant association between the two above-mentioned disorders was found (rs: 0.412; P < .001). Smell disorders occurred before the other symptoms in 11.6% of patients and was not significantly associated with nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea. Interestingly, our statistical analysis did not show any significant difference, either for general symptoms or otorhinolaryngological features, between the clinical diagnosis group and the laboratory-confirmed diagnosis (polymerase chain reaction) group. The structural equation model confirmed significant standardized paths (P < .05) between general symptoms, comorbidities, and general otorhinolaryngological complaints in the absence of a significant correlation between these elements and smell and taste alterations. The prevalence of smell and taste disorders in mild-to-moderate Italian COVID-19 patients is significant both in suspected and laboratory-confirmed cases and reveals a strong correlation between these clinical signs regardless of the presence of general or otorhinolaryngological symptoms, such as nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Barillari
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, "L. Vanvitelli" University, Naples, Italy.,COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies, Paris, France
| | | | - Jerome R Lechien
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Giuditta Mannelli
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Molteni
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital AOUI Borgo Trento, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cantarella
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan University, Milan University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Otolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, "L. Vanvitelli" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Costa
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, "L. Vanvitelli" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora M C Trecca
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Calogero Grillo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio La Mantia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carlos M Chiesa-Estomba
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Claudio Vicini
- Unit of Otolaryngology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Azienda USL Della Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Sven Saussez
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Nacci
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies, Paris, France.,ENT Audiology Phoniatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammaroto
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Azienda USL Della Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
49
|
Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
50
|
Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodriguez A, Dequanter D, Blecic S, El Afia F, Distinguin L, Chekkoury-Idrissi Y, Hans S, Delgado IL, Calvo-Henriquez C, Lavigne P, Falanga C, Barillari MR, Cammaroto G, Khalife M, Leich P, Souchay C, Rossi C, Journe F, Hsieh J, Edjlali M, Carlier R, Ris L, Lovato A, De Filippis C, Coppee F, Fakhry N, Ayad T, Saussez S. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:2251-2261. [PMID: 32253535 PMCID: PMC7134551 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1648] [Impact Index Per Article: 412.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the occurrence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. METHODS Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were recruited from 12 European hospitals. The following epidemiological and clinical outcomes have been studied: age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, and general and otolaryngological symptoms. Patients completed olfactory and gustatory questionnaires based on the smell and taste component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS). RESULTS A total of 417 mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients completed the study (263 females). The most prevalent general symptoms consisted of cough, myalgia, and loss of appetite. Face pain and nasal obstruction were the most disease-related otolaryngological symptoms. 85.6% and 88.0% of patients reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, respectively. There was a significant association between both disorders (p < 0.001). Olfactory dysfunction (OD) appeared before the other symptoms in 11.8% of cases. The sQO-NS scores were significantly lower in patients with anosmia compared with normosmic or hyposmic individuals (p = 0.001). Among the 18.2% of patients without nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea, 79.7% were hyposmic or anosmic. The early olfactory recovery rate was 44.0%. Females were significantly more affected by olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions than males (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Olfactory and gustatory disorders are prevalent symptoms in European COVID-19 patients, who may not have nasal symptoms. The sudden anosmia or ageusia need to be recognized by the international scientific community as important symptoms of the COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome R Lechien
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Carlos M Chiesa-Estomba
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Daniele R De Siati
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mihaela Horoi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge D Le Bon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Rodriguez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Dequanter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Blecic
- Department of Neurology, EpiCURA Hospital, Ath, Belgium
| | - Fahd El Afia
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Lea Distinguin
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Younes Chekkoury-Idrissi
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Hans
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Irene Lopez Delgado
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Quironsalud Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christian Calvo-Henriquez
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otolaryngology-Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Philippe Lavigne
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chiara Falanga
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Division of Phoniatrics and Audiology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Barillari
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Division of Phoniatrics and Audiology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammaroto
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Forli, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khalife
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium
| | - Pierre Leich
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Ambroise Paré, Mons, Belgium
| | - Christel Souchay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Ambroise Paré, Mons, Belgium
| | - Camelia Rossi
- Division of Infectious Disease, CHU Ambroise-Paré, Mons, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
| | - Julien Hsieh
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Edjlali
- Department of Neuroradiology, Université Paris-Descartes-Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, IMABRAIN-INSERM-UMR1266, DHU-Neurovasc, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
- Department of Radiology, APHP, Hôpitaux R. Poincaré-Ambroise Paré, DMU Smart Imaging, GH Université Paris-Saclay, U 1179 UVSQ/Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Robert Carlier
- Department of Radiology, APHP, Hôpitaux R. Poincaré-Ambroise Paré, DMU Smart Imaging, GH Université Paris-Saclay, U 1179 UVSQ/Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Ris
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
| | - Andrea Lovato
- Department of Neuroscience, Audiology Unit, Padova University, Treviso, Italy
| | - Cosimo De Filippis
- Department of Neuroscience, Audiology Unit, Padova University, Treviso, Italy
| | - Frederique Coppee
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Fakhry
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, APHM, Aix Marseille University, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Tareck Ayad
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sven Saussez
- COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|