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Salzinger A, Ramesh V, Das Sharma S, Chandran S, Thangaraj Selvaraj B. Neuronal Circuit Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2024; 13:792. [PMID: 38786016 PMCID: PMC11120636 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary neural circuit affected in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients is the corticospinal motor circuit, originating in upper motor neurons (UMNs) in the cerebral motor cortex which descend to synapse with the lower motor neurons (LMNs) in the spinal cord to ultimately innervate the skeletal muscle. Perturbation of these neural circuits and consequent loss of both UMNs and LMNs, leading to muscle wastage and impaired movement, is the key pathophysiology observed. Despite decades of research, we are still lacking in ALS disease-modifying treatments. In this review, we document the current research from patient studies, rodent models, and human stem cell models in understanding the mechanisms of corticomotor circuit dysfunction and its implication in ALS. We summarize the current knowledge about cortical UMN dysfunction and degeneration, altered excitability in LMNs, neuromuscular junction degeneration, and the non-cell autonomous role of glial cells in motor circuit dysfunction in relation to ALS. We further highlight the advances in human stem cell technology to model the complex neural circuitry and how these can aid in future studies to better understand the mechanisms of neural circuit dysfunction underpinning ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salzinger
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Vidya Ramesh
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Shreya Das Sharma
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic (ARRNC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Bhuvaneish Thangaraj Selvaraj
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic (ARRNC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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2
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Kampmann M. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of selective vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:351-371. [PMID: 38575768 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal subtypes is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. In this Review, I summarize our current understanding of the brain regions and cell types that are selectively vulnerable in different neurodegenerative diseases and describe the proposed underlying cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. I highlight how recent methodological innovations - including single-cell transcriptomics, CRISPR-based screens and human cell-based models of disease - are enabling new breakthroughs in our understanding of selective vulnerability. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that determine selective vulnerability and resilience would shed light on the key processes that drive neurodegeneration and point to potential therapeutic strategies to protect vulnerable cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kampmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Li A, Yi J, Li X, Dong L, Ostrow LW, Ma J, Zhou J. Distinct transcriptomic profile of satellite cells contributes to preservation of neuromuscular junctions in extraocular muscles of ALS mice. eLife 2024; 12:RP92644. [PMID: 38661532 PMCID: PMC11045223 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive weakness of almost all skeletal muscles, whereas extraocular muscles (EOMs) are comparatively spared. While hindlimb and diaphragm muscles of end-stage SOD1G93A (G93A) mice (a familial ALS mouse model) exhibit severe denervation and depletion of Pax7+satellite cells (SCs), we found that the pool of SCs and the integrity of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are maintained in EOMs. In cell sorting profiles, SCs derived from hindlimb and diaphragm muscles of G93A mice exhibit denervation-related activation, whereas SCs from EOMs of G93A mice display spontaneous (non-denervation-related) activation, similar to SCs from wild-type mice. Specifically, cultured EOM SCs contain more abundant transcripts of axon guidance molecules, including Cxcl12, along with more sustainable renewability than the diaphragm and hindlimb counterparts under differentiation pressure. In neuromuscular co-culture assays, AAV-delivery of Cxcl12 to G93A-hindlimb SC-derived myotubes enhances motor neuron axon extension and innervation, recapitulating the innervation capacity of EOM SC-derived myotubes. G93A mice fed with sodium butyrate (NaBu) supplementation exhibited less NMJ loss in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles. Additionally, SCs derived from G93A hindlimb and diaphragm muscles displayed elevated expression of Cxcl12 and improved renewability following NaBu treatment in vitro. Thus, the NaBu-induced transcriptomic changes resembling the patterns of EOM SCs may contribute to the beneficial effects observed in G93A mice. More broadly, the distinct transcriptomic profile of EOM SCs may offer novel therapeutic targets to slow progressive neuromuscular functional decay in ALS and provide possible 'response biomarkers' in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonUnited States
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonUnited States
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonUnited States
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonUnited States
| | - Lyle W Ostrow
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonUnited States
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4
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Li A, Yi J, Li X, Dong L, Ostrow LW, Ma J, Zhou J. Distinct transcriptomic profile of satellite cells contributes to preservation of neuromuscular junctions in extraocular muscles of ALS mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.12.528218. [PMID: 36824725 PMCID: PMC9949002 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.12.528218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive weakness of almost all skeletal muscles, whereas extraocular muscles (EOMs) are comparatively spared. While hindlimb and diaphragm muscles of end-stage SOD1G93A (G93A) mice (a familial ALS mouse model) exhibit severe denervation and depletion of Pax7 + satellite cells (SCs), we found that the pool of SCs and the integrity of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are maintained in EOMs. In cell sorting profiles, SCs derived from hindlimb and diaphragm muscles of G93A mice exhibit denervation-related activation, whereas SCs from EOMs of G93A mice display spontaneous (non-denervation-related) activation, similar to SCs from wild-type mice. Specifically, cultured EOM SCs contain more abundant transcripts of axon guidance molecules, including Cxcl12 , along with more sustainable renewability than the diaphragm and hindlimb counterparts under differentiation pressure. In neuromuscular co-culture assays, AAV-delivery of Cxcl12 to G93A-hindlimb SC-derived myotubes enhances motor neuron axon extension and innervation, recapitulating the innervation capacity of EOM SC-derived myotubes. G93A mice fed with sodium butyrate (NaBu) supplementation exhibited less NMJ loss in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles. Additionally, SCs derived from G93A hindlimb and diaphragm muscles displayed elevated expression of Cxcl12 and improved renewability following NaBu treatment in vitro . Thus, the NaBu-induced transcriptomic changes resembling the patterns of EOM SCs may contribute to the beneficial effects observed in G93A mice. More broadly, the distinct transcriptomic profile of EOM SCs may offer novel therapeutic targets to slow progressive neuromuscular functional decay in ALS and provide possible "response biomarkers" in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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5
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Ovsepian SV, O'Leary VB, Martinez S. Selective vulnerability of motor neuron types and functional groups to degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: review of the neurobiological mechanisms and functional correlates. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1-14. [PMID: 37999738 PMCID: PMC10827929 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition characterised by a progressive loss of motor neurons controlling voluntary muscle activity. The disease manifests through a variety of motor dysfunctions related to the extent of damage and loss of neurons at different anatomical locations. Despite extensive research, it remains unclear why some motor neurons are especially susceptible to the disease, while others are affected less or even spared. In this article, we review the neurobiological mechanisms, neurochemical profiles, and morpho-functional characteristics of various motor neuron groups and types of motor units implicated in their differential exposure to degeneration. We discuss specific cell-autonomous (intrinsic) and extrinsic factors influencing the vulnerability gradient of motor units and motor neuron types to ALS, with their impact on disease manifestation, course, and prognosis, as revealed in preclinical and clinical studies. We consider the outstanding challenges and emerging opportunities for interpreting the phenotypic and mechanistic variability of the disease to identify targets for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saak V Ovsepian
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Valerie B O'Leary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC, Avda. Ramon y Cajal, 03550, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
- Center of Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Stringer RN, Weiss N. Pathophysiology of ion channels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Brain 2023; 16:82. [PMID: 38102715 PMCID: PMC10722804 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) stands as the most prevalent and severe form of motor neuron disease, affecting an estimated 2 in 100,000 individuals worldwide. It is characterized by the progressive loss of cortical, brainstem, and spinal motor neurons, ultimately resulting in muscle weakness and death. Although the etiology of ALS remains poorly understood in most cases, the remodelling of ion channels and alteration in neuronal excitability represent a hallmark of the disease, manifesting not only during the symptomatic period but also in the early pre-symptomatic stages. In this review, we delve into these alterations observed in ALS patients and preclinical disease models, and explore their consequences on neuronal activities. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of ion channels as therapeutic targets in the context of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin N Stringer
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Weiss
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Center of Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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7
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Veshchitskii A, Merkulyeva N. Calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Neurochem Int 2023; 171:105634. [PMID: 37967669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Parvalbumin is one of the calcium-binding proteins. In the spinal cord, it is mainly expressed in inhibitory neurons; in the dorsal root ganglia, it is expressed in proprioceptive neurons. In contrast to in the brain, weak systematization of parvalbumin-expressing neurons occurs in the spinal cord. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of parvalbumin-expressing neuronal populations throughout the spinal cord and the dorsal root ganglia of mammals, regarding their mapping, co-expression with some functional markers. The data reviewed are mostly concerning rodentia species because they are predominantly presented in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Veshchitskii
- Neuromorphology Lab, Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Merkulyeva
- Neuromorphology Lab, Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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8
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Xie M, Pallegar PN, Parusel S, Nguyen AT, Wu LJ. Regulation of cortical hyperexcitability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: focusing on glial mechanisms. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:75. [PMID: 37858176 PMCID: PMC10585818 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of both upper and lower motor neurons, resulting in muscle weakness, atrophy, paralysis, and eventually death. Motor cortical hyperexcitability is a common phenomenon observed at the presymptomatic stage of ALS. Both cell-autonomous (the intrinsic properties of motor neurons) and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms (cells other than motor neurons) are believed to contribute to cortical hyperexcitability. Decoding the pathological relevance of these dynamic changes in motor neurons and glial cells has remained a major challenge. This review summarizes the evidence of cortical hyperexcitability from both clinical and preclinical research, as well as the underlying mechanisms. We discuss the potential role of glial cells, particularly microglia, in regulating abnormal neuronal activity during the disease progression. Identifying early changes such as neuronal hyperexcitability in the motor system may provide new insights for earlier diagnosis of ALS and reveal novel targets to halt the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Praveen N Pallegar
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sebastian Parusel
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aivi T Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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9
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Eisner D, Neher E, Taschenberger H, Smith G. Physiology of intracellular calcium buffering. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2767-2845. [PMID: 37326298 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling underlies much of physiology. Almost all the Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is bound to buffers, with typically only ∼1% being freely ionized at resting levels in most cells. Physiological Ca2+ buffers include small molecules and proteins, and experimentally Ca2+ indicators will also buffer calcium. The chemistry of interactions between Ca2+ and buffers determines the extent and speed of Ca2+ binding. The physiological effects of Ca2+ buffers are determined by the kinetics with which they bind Ca2+ and their mobility within the cell. The degree of buffering depends on factors such as the affinity for Ca2+, the Ca2+ concentration, and whether Ca2+ ions bind cooperatively. Buffering affects both the amplitude and time course of cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals as well as changes of Ca2+ concentration in organelles. It can also facilitate Ca2+ diffusion inside the cell. Ca2+ buffering affects synaptic transmission, muscle contraction, Ca2+ transport across epithelia, and the killing of bacteria. Saturation of buffers leads to synaptic facilitation and tetanic contraction in skeletal muscle and may play a role in inotropy in the heart. This review focuses on the link between buffer chemistry and function and how Ca2+ buffering affects normal physiology and the consequences of changes in disease. As well as summarizing what is known, we point out the many areas where further work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Neher
- Membrane Biophysics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Taschenberger
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Godfrey Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Lee SY, Cho HY, Oh JP, Park J, Bae SH, Park H, Kim EJ, Lee JH. Therapeutic Effects of Combination of Nebivolol and Donepezil: Targeting Multifactorial Mechanisms in ALS. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1779-1795. [PMID: 37782409 PMCID: PMC10684847 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Although the disease's pathophysiological mechanism remains poorly understood, multifactorial mechanisms affecting motor neuron loss converge to worsen the disease. Although two FDA-approved drugs, riluzole and edaravone, targeting excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, respectively, are available, their efficacies are limited to extending survival by only a few months. Here, we developed combinatorial drugs targeting multifactorial mechanisms underlying key components in ALS disease progression. Using data analysis based on the genetic information of patients with ALS-derived cells and pharmacogenomic data of the drugs, a combination of nebivolol and donepezil (nebivolol-donepezil) was identified for ALS therapy. Here, nebivolol-donepezil markedly reduced the levels of cytokines in the microglial cell line, inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nucleus translocation in the HeLa cell and substantially protected against excitotoxicity-induced neuronal loss by regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway. Nebivolol-donepezil significantly promoted the differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPC) into motor neurons. Furthermore, we verified the low dose efficacy of nebivolol-donepezil on multiple indices corresponding to the quality of life of patients with ALS in vivo using SOD1G93A mice. Nebivolol-donepezil delayed motor function deterioration and halted motor neuronal loss in the spinal cord. Drug administration effectively suppressed muscle atrophy by mitigating the proportion of smaller myofibers and substantially reducing phospho-neurofilament heavy chain (pNF-H) levels in the serum, a promising ALS biomarker. High-dose nebivolol-donepezil significantly prolonged survival and delayed disease onset compared with vehicle-treated mice. These results indicate that the combination of nebivolol-donepezil efficiently prevents ALS disease progression, benefiting the patients' quality of life and life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Lee
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Cho
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Pyo Oh
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiae Park
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Bae
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesun Park
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- DR. NOAH BIOTECH Inc., 91, Changnyong-daero 256beon-gil, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
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Rubino V, La Rosa G, Pipicelli L, Carriero F, Damiano S, Santillo M, Terrazzano G, Ruggiero G, Mondola P. Insights on the Multifaceted Roles of Wild-Type and Mutated Superoxide Dismutase 1 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1747. [PMID: 37760050 PMCID: PMC10525763 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neurodegenerative disease. Cell damage in ALS is the result of many different, largely unknown, pathogenetic mechanisms. Astrocytes and microglial cells play a critical role also for their ability to enhance a deranged inflammatory response. Excitotoxicity, due to excessive glutamate levels and increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, has also been proposed to play a key role in ALS pathogenesis/progression. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) behave as key second messengers for multiple receptor/ligand interactions. ROS-dependent regulatory networks are usually mediated by peroxides. Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) physiologically mediates intracellular peroxide generation. About 10% of ALS subjects show a familial disease associated with different gain-of-function SOD1 mutations. The occurrence of sporadic ALS, not clearly associated with SOD1 defects, has been also described. SOD1-dependent pathways have been involved in neuron functional network as well as in immune-response regulation. Both, neuron depolarization and antigen-dependent T-cell activation mediate SOD1 exocytosis, inducing increased interaction of the enzyme with a complex molecular network involved in the regulation of neuron functional activity and immune response. Here, alteration of SOD1-dependent pathways mediating increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, altered mitochondria functions and defective inflammatory process regulation have been proposed to be relevant for ALS pathogenesis/progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rubino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuliana La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Luca Pipicelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
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12
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Onda-Ohto A, Hasegawa-Ogawa M, Matsuno H, Shiraishi T, Bono K, Hiraki H, Kanegae Y, Iguchi Y, Okano HJ. Specific vulnerability of iPSC-derived motor neurons with TDP-43 gene mutation to oxidative stress. Mol Brain 2023; 16:62. [PMID: 37496071 PMCID: PMC10369818 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease that affects motor neurons and has a poor prognosis. We focused on TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), which is a common component of neuronal inclusions in many ALS patients. To analyze the contribution of TDP-43 mutations to ALS in human cells, we first introduced TDP-43 mutations into healthy human iPSCs using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, induced the differentiation of these cells into motor and sensory neurons, and analyzed factors that are assumed to be altered in or associated with ALS (cell morphology, TDP-43 localization and aggregate formation, cell death, TDP-43 splicing function, etc.). We aimed to clarify the pathological alterations caused solely by TDP-43 mutation, i.e., the changes in human iPSC-derived neurons with TDP-43 mutation compared with those with the same genetic background except TDP-43 mutation. Oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide administration caused the death of TDP-43 mutant-expressing motor neurons but not in sensory neurons, indicating the specific vulnerability of human iPSC-derived motor neurons with TDP-43 mutation to oxidative stress. In our model, we observed aggregate formation in a small fraction of TDP-43 mutant-expressing motor neurons, suggesting that aggregate formation seems to be related to ALS pathology but not the direct cause of cell death. This study provides basic knowledge for elucidating the pathogenesis of ALS and developing treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Onda-Ohto
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Minami Hasegawa-Ogawa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Matsuno
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Shiraishi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Keiko Bono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hiraki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yumi Kanegae
- Core Research Facilities, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hirotaka James Okano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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13
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Patel V, Abu-Hijleh F, Rigg N, Mishra R. Cannabidiol Protects Striatal Neurons by Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 8:299-308. [PMID: 36454179 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aggregation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a pathological trait shared by many neurodegenerative disorders. This aggregation leads to the persistent activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ultimately apoptosis as a result of ER stress. Cannabidiol (CBD) has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in various cellular and animal models of neurodegeneration, which has been attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the role of CBD in the context of protein folding and ER stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CBD is neuroprotective against an in vitro model of ER stress. Materials and Methods: Using different exposure models, mouse striatal STHdhQ7/Q7 cells were exposed to either the ER stress inducer thapsigargin (TG) and/or CBD. Cell viabilities assays were used to investigate the effect of CBD pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment on TG-induced cell death. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure changes in ER stress regulators and UPR genes such as glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), BCL-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), and caspase-12. Results: Cell viability increased significantly when cells were pre-treated with CBD before TG exposure. An increase in the gene expression of pro-survival ER chaperone GRP78 and ER-resident neurotrophic factor MANF coincided with this effect and decreased ER-mediated pro-apoptotic markers such as BIM, and caspase-12 was observed. Conclusions: These data suggest that CBD pre-treatment is neuroprotective against TG-induced cell death. Understanding the role of ER stress in CBD-driven neuroprotection provides insight into the therapeutic potential of CBD and the role of ER dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Patel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fahed Abu-Hijleh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolette Rigg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ram Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Quach TT, Stratton HJ, Khanna R, Mackey-Alfonso S, Deems N, Honnorat J, Meyer K, Duchemin AM. Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Dysproteostasis, Altered Calcium Signalosome to Selective Neuronal Vulnerability to AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214188. [PMID: 36430666 PMCID: PMC9694178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense research into the multifaceted etiology of neurodegenerative diseases (ND), they remain incurable. Here we provide a brief overview of several major ND and explore novel therapeutic approaches. Although the cause (s) of ND are not fully understood, the accumulation of misfolded/aggregated proteins in the brain is a common pathological feature. This aggregation may initiate disruption of Ca++ signaling, which is an early pathological event leading to altered dendritic structure, neuronal dysfunction, and cell death. Presently, ND gene therapies remain unidimensional, elusive, and limited to modifying one pathological feature while ignoring others. Considering the complexity of signaling cascades in ND, we discuss emerging therapeutic concepts and suggest that deciphering the molecular mechanisms involved in dendritic pathology may broaden the phenotypic spectrum of ND treatment. An innovative multiplexed gene transfer strategy that employs silencing and/or over-expressing multiple effectors could preserve vulnerable neurons before they are lost. Such therapeutic approaches may extend brain health span and ameliorate burdensome chronic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T. Quach
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69677 Lyon, France
| | | | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Sabrina Mackey-Alfonso
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicolas Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jérome Honnorat
- INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69677 Lyon, France
- French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Lyon, France
- SynatAc Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69677 Lyon, France
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- The Research Institute of Nationwide Children Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatric, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Duchemin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-614-293-5517; Fax: +1-614-293-7599
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15
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Elbasiouny SM. Motoneuron excitability dysfunction in ALS: Pseudo-mystery or authentic conundrum? J Physiol 2022; 600:4815-4825. [PMID: 36178320 PMCID: PMC9669170 DOI: 10.1113/jp283630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), abnormalities in motoneuronal excitability are seen in early pathogenesis and throughout disease progression. Fully understanding motoneuron excitability dysfunction may lead to more effective treatments. Yet decades of research have not produced consensus on the nature, role or underlying mechanisms of motoneuron excitability dysfunction in ALS. For example, contrary to Ca excitotoxicity theory, predictions of motoneuronal hyper-excitability, normal and hypo-excitability have also been seen at various disease stages and in multiple ALS lines. Accordingly, motoneuron excitability dysfunction in ALS is a disputed topic in the field. Specifically, the form (hyper, hypo or unchanged) and what role excitability dysfunction plays in the disease (pathogenic or downstream of other pathologies; neuroprotective or detrimental) are currently unclear. Although several motoneuron properties that determine cellular excitability change in the disease, some of these changes are pro-excitable, whereas others are anti-excitable, making dynamic fluctuations in overall 'net' excitability highly probable. Because various studies assess excitability via differing methods and at differing disease stages, the conflicting reports in the literature are not surprising. Hence, the overarching process of excitability degradation and motoneuron degeneration is not fully understood. Consequently, the discrepancies on motoneuron excitability dysfunction in the literature represent a substantial barrier to our understanding of the disease. Emerging studies suggest that biological variables, variations in experimental protocols, issues of rigor and sampling/analysis strategies are key factors that may underlie conflicting data in the literature. This review highlights potential confounding factors for researchers to consider and also offers ideas on avoiding pitfalls and improving robustness of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M. Elbasiouny
- Department of NeuroscienceCell Biology, and PhysiologyBoonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and MathematicsWright State UniversityDaytonOHUSA,Department of BiomedicalIndustrial, and Human Factors EngineeringCollege of Engineering and Computer ScienceWright State UniversityDaytonOHUSA
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16
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Veshchitskii A, Shkorbatova P, Merkulyeva N. Neurochemical atlas of the cat spinal cord. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1034395. [PMID: 36337139 PMCID: PMC9627295 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1034395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord is a complex heterogeneous structure, which provides multiple vital functions. The precise surgical access to the spinal regions of interest requires precise schemes for the spinal cord structure and the spatial relation between the spinal cord and the vertebrae. One way to obtain such information is a combined anatomical and morphological spinal cord atlas. One of the widely used models for the investigation of spinal cord functions is a cat. We create a single cell-resolution spinal cord atlas of the cat using a variety of neurochemical markers [antibodies to NeuN, choline acetyltransferase, calbindin 28 kDa, calretinin, parvalbumin, and non-phosphorylated heavy-chain neurofilaments (SMI-32 antibody)] allowing to visualize several spinal neuronal populations. In parallel, we present a map of the spatial relation between the spinal cord and the vertebrae for the entire length of the spinal cord.
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17
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Winklehner M, Bauer J, Endmayr V, Schwaiger C, Ricken G, Motomura M, Yoshimura S, Shintaku H, Ishikawa K, Tsuura Y, Iizuka T, Yokota T, Irioka T, Höftberger R. Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration With P/Q-VGCC vs Yo Autoantibodies. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:e200006. [PMID: 36070310 PMCID: PMC9278121 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is characterized by a widespread loss of Purkinje cells (PCs) and may be associated with autoantibodies against intracellular antigens such as Yo or cell surface neuronal antigens such as the P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel (P/Q-VGCC). Although the intracellular location of the target antigen in anti-Yo-PCD supports a T cell-mediated pathology, the immune mechanisms in anti-P/Q-VGCC-PCD remain unclear. In this study, we compare neuropathologic characteristics of PCD with anti-P/Q-VGCC and anti-Yo autoantibodies in an archival autopsy cohort. METHODS We performed neuropathology, immunohistochemistry, and multiplex immunofluorescence on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brain tissue of 1 anti-P/Q-VGCC, 2 anti-Yo-PCD autopsy cases and controls. RESULTS Anti-Yo-PCD revealed a diffuse and widespread PC loss together with microglial nodules with pSTAT1+ and CD8+granzymeB+ T cells and neuronal upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I molecules. Some neurons showed a cytoplasmic immunoglobulin G (IgG) staining. In contrast, PC loss in anti-P/Q-VGCC-PCD was focal and predominantly affected the upper vermis, whereas caudal regions and lateral hemispheres were spared. Inflammation was characterized by scattered CD8+ T cells, single CD20+/CD79a+ B/plasma cells, and an IgG staining of the neuropil in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex and neuronal cytoplasms. No complement deposition or MHC-I upregulation was detected. Moreover, synaptophysin was reduced, and neuronal P/Q-VGCC was downregulated. In affected areas, axonal spheroids and the accumulation of amyloid precursor protein and glucose-regulated protein 78 in PCs indicate endoplasmatic reticulum stress and impairment of axonal transport. In both PCD types, calbindin expression was reduced or lost in the remaining PCs. DISCUSSION Anti-Yo-PCD showed characteristic features of a T cell-mediated pathology, whereas this was not observed in 1 case of anti-P/Q-VGCC-PCD. Our findings support a pathogenic role of anti-P/Q-VGCC autoantibodies in causing neuronal dysfunction, probably due to altered synaptic transmission resulting in calcium dysregulation and subsequent PC death. Because disease progression may lead to irreversible PC loss, anti-P/Q-VGCC-PCD patients could benefit from early oncologic and immunologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Winklehner
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jan Bauer
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Verena Endmayr
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Carmen Schwaiger
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gerda Ricken
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Motomura
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yoshimura
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shintaku
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Tsuura
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iizuka
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (M.W., V.E., C.S., G.R.,
R.H.), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center
for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering (M.M.), Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki
Institute of Applied Science; Department of Neurology and Strokology (S.Y.),
Nagasaki University Hospital; Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory
(H.S.), Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo; Division of Surgical
Pathology (H.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital; The Center for
Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging (K.I.), Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; Departments of Diagnostic Pathology and Clinical Laboratory (Y.T.),
Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology (T. Iizuka),
Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Neurology and
Neurological Science (T.Y.), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University; and Department of Neurology (T. Irioka), Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital,
Kanagawa, Japan
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18
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Interaction of Mitochondrial Calcium and ROS in Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040706. [PMID: 35203354 PMCID: PMC8869783 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are currently incurable devastating diseases which are characterized by the slow and progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions. Progress in the investigation of the mechanisms of these disorders helped to identify a number of genes associated with familial forms of these diseases and a number of toxins and risk factors which trigger sporadic and toxic forms of these diseases. Recently, some similarities in the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases were identified, including the involvement of mitochondria, oxidative stress, and the abnormality of Ca2+ signaling in neurons and astrocytes. Thus, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species during metabolism which play a further role in redox signaling, but this may also act as an additional trigger for abnormal mitochondrial calcium handling, resulting in mitochondrial calcium overload. Combinations of these factors can be the trigger of neuronal cell death in some pathologies. Here, we review the latest literature on the crosstalk of reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ in brain mitochondria in physiology and beyond, considering how changes in mitochondrial metabolism or redox signaling can convert this interaction into a pathological event.
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19
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Pastor AM, Blumer R, de la Cruz RR. Extraocular Motoneurons and Neurotrophism. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 28:281-319. [PMID: 36066830 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07167-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extraocular motoneurons are located in three brainstem nuclei: the abducens, trochlear and oculomotor. They control all types of eye movements by innervating three pairs of agonistic/antagonistic extraocular muscles. They exhibit a tonic-phasic discharge pattern, demonstrating sensitivity to eye position and sensitivity to eye velocity. According to their innervation pattern, extraocular muscle fibers can be classified as singly innervated muscle fiber (SIF), or the peculiar multiply innervated muscle fiber (MIF). SIF motoneurons show anatomical and physiological differences with MIF motoneurons. The latter are smaller and display lower eye position and velocity sensitivities as compared with SIF motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel M Pastor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | - Roland Blumer
- Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Jurcau A. Insights into the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11847. [PMID: 34769277 PMCID: PMC8584731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing. Due to intensive research, important steps in the elucidation of pathogenetic cascades have been made and significantly implicated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. However, the available treatment in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is mainly symptomatic, providing minor benefits and, at most, slowing down the progression of the disease. Although in preclinical setting, drugs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress yielded encouraging results, clinical trials failed or had inconclusive results. It is likely that by the time of clinical diagnosis, the pathogenetic cascades are full-blown and significant numbers of neurons have already degenerated, making it impossible for mitochondria-targeted or antioxidant molecules to stop or reverse the process. Until further research will provide more efficient molecules, a healthy lifestyle, with plenty of dietary antioxidants and avoidance of exogenous oxidants may postpone the onset of neurodegeneration, while familial cases may benefit from genetic testing and aggressive therapy started in the preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
- Neurology Ward, Clinical Municipal Hospital “dr. G. Curteanu” Oradea, 410154 Oradea, Romania
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21
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Jiménez-Villegas J, Ferraiuolo L, Mead RJ, Shaw PJ, Cuadrado A, Rojo AI. NRF2 as a therapeutic opportunity to impact in the molecular roadmap of ALS. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 173:125-141. [PMID: 34314817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating heterogeneous disease with still no convincing therapy. To identify the most strategically significant hallmarks for therapeutic intervention, we have performed a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis of dysregulated pathways, comparing datasets from ALS patients and healthy donors. We have identified crucial alterations in RNA metabolism, intracellular transport, vascular system, redox homeostasis, proteostasis and inflammatory responses. Interestingly, the transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) has significant effects in modulating these pathways. NRF2 has been classically considered as the master regulator of the antioxidant cellular response, although it is currently considered as a key component of the transduction machinery to maintain coordinated control of protein quality, inflammation, and redox homeostasis. Herein, we will summarize the data from NRF2 activators in ALS pre-clinical models as well as those that are being studied in clinical trials. As we will discuss, NRF2 is a promising target to build a coordinated transcriptional response to motor neuron injury, highlighting its therapeutic potential to combat ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiménez-Villegas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R J Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A I Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Paß T, Wiesner RJ, Pla-Martín D. Selective Neuron Vulnerability in Common and Rare Diseases-Mitochondria in the Focus. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:676187. [PMID: 34295920 PMCID: PMC8290884 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.676187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central feature of neurodegeneration within the central and peripheral nervous system, highlighting a strong dependence on proper mitochondrial function of neurons with especially high energy consumptions. The fitness of mitochondria critically depends on preservation of distinct processes, including the maintenance of their own genome, mitochondrial dynamics, quality control, and Ca2+ handling. These processes appear to be differently affected in common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, as well as in rare neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and peripheral neuropathies. Strikingly, particular neuron populations of different morphology and function perish in these diseases, suggesting that cell-type specific factors contribute to the vulnerability to distinct mitochondrial defects. Here we review the disruption of mitochondrial processes in common as well as in rare neurological disorders and its impact on selective neurodegeneration. Understanding discrepancies and commonalities regarding mitochondrial dysfunction as well as individual neuronal demands will help to design new targets and to make use of already established treatments in order to improve treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Paß
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Pla-Martín
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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23
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Nahm M, Lim SM, Kim YE, Park J, Noh MY, Lee S, Roh JE, Hwang SM, Park CK, Kim YH, Lim G, Lee J, Oh KW, Ki CS, Kim SH. ANXA11 mutations in ALS cause dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and stress granule dynamics. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/566/eaax3993. [PMID: 33087501 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of calcium ion homeostasis and abnormal protein aggregation have been proposed as major pathogenic hallmarks underpinning selective degeneration of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, mutations in annexin A11 (ANXA11), a gene encoding a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, have been identified in familial and sporadic ALS. However, the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ANXA11 remain unknown. Here, we report functions of ANXA11 related to intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and stress granule dynamics. We analyzed the exome sequences of 500 Korean patients with sALS and identified nine ANXA11 variants in 13 patients. The amino-terminal variants p.G38R and p.D40G within the low-complexity domain of ANXA11 enhanced aggregation propensity, whereas the carboxyl-terminal ANX domain variants p.H390P and p.R456H altered Ca2+ responses. Furthermore, all four variants in ANXA11 underwent abnormal phase separation to form droplets with aggregates and led to the alteration of the biophysical properties of ANXA11. These functional defects caused by ALS-linked variants induced alterations in both intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and stress granule disassembly. We also revealed that p.G228Lfs*29 reduced ANXA11 expression and impaired Ca2+ homeostasis, as caused by missense variants. Ca2+-dependent interaction and coaggregation between ANXA11 and ALS-causative RNA-binding proteins, FUS and hnRNPA1, were observed in motor neuron cells and brain from a patient with ALS-FUS. The expression of ALS-linked ANXA11 variants in motor neuron cells caused cytoplasmic sequestration of endogenous FUS and triggered neuronal apoptosis. Together, our findings suggest that disease-associated ANXA11 mutations can contribute to ALS pathogenesis through toxic gain-of-function mechanisms involving abnormal protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyeop Nahm
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Su Min Lim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Min-Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sanggon Lee
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ju Eun Roh
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - GyuTae Lim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | | | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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24
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Zhang L, Zhu T, Miao H, Liang B. The Calcium Binding Protein S100A11 and Its Roles in Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693262. [PMID: 34179021 PMCID: PMC8226020 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium binding protein S100 family in humans contains 21 known members, with each possessing a molecular weight between 10 and 14 kDa. These proteins are characterized by a unique helix-loop-helix EF hand motif, and often form dimers and multimers. The S100 family mainly exists in vertebrates and exerts its biological functions both inside cells as a calcium sensor/binding protein, as well as outside cells. S100A11, a member of the S100 family, may mediate signal transduction in response to internal or external stimuli and it plays various roles in different diseases such as cancers, metabolic disease, neurological diseases, and vascular calcification. In addition, it can function as chemotactic agent in inflammatory disease. In this review, we first detail the discovery of S100 proteins and their structural features, and then specifically focus on the tissue and organ expression of S100A11. We also summarize its biological activities and roles in different disease and signaling pathways, providing an overview of S100A11 research thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Huilai Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Dongguan Liaobu Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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25
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Tedeschi V, Petrozziello T, Secondo A. Ca 2+ dysregulation in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 363:21-47. [PMID: 34392931 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease without appropriate cure. One of the main reasons for the lack of a proper pharmacotherapy in ALS is the narrow knowledge on the molecular causes of the disease. In this respect, the identification of dysfunctional pathways in ALS is now considered a critical medical need. Among the causative factors involved in ALS, Ca2+ dysregulation is one of the most important pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. Of note, Ca2+ dysfunction may induce, directly or indirectly, motor neuron degeneration and loss. Interestingly, both familial (fALS) and sporadic ALS (sALS) share the progressive dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis as a common noxious mechanism. Mechanicistically, Ca2+ dysfunction involves both plasma membrane and intracellular mechanisms, including AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated excitotoxicity, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) and Ca2+ transporter dysregulation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ deregulation, mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) dysfunction, lysosomal Ca2+ leak, etc. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the main pathways involved in the dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis has been reported with the aim to focus the attention on new putative druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tedeschi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Petrozziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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26
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Neuroprotective Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Motoneurons of the Oculomotor System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020814. [PMID: 33467517 PMCID: PMC7830098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was initially characterized as a potent angiogenic factor based on its activity on the vascular system. However, it is now well established that VEGF also plays a crucial role as a neuroprotective factor in the nervous system. A deficit of VEGF has been related to motoneuronal degeneration, such as that occurring in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Strikingly, motoneurons of the oculomotor system show lesser vulnerability to neurodegeneration in ALS compared to other motoneurons. These motoneurons presented higher amounts of VEGF and its receptor Flk-1 than other brainstem pools. That higher VEGF level could be due to an enhanced retrograde input from their target muscles, but it can also be produced by the motoneurons themselves and act in an autocrine way. By contrast, VEGF’s paracrine supply from the vicinity cells, such as glial cells, seems to represent a minor source of VEGF for brainstem motoneurons. In addition, ocular motoneurons experiment an increase in VEGF and Flk-1 level in response to axotomy, not observed in facial or hypoglossal motoneurons. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the differences in VEGF availability that could contribute to the higher resistance of extraocular motoneurons to injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
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27
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Kazama M, Kato Y, Kakita A, Noguchi N, Urano Y, Masui K, Niida-Kawaguchi M, Yamamoto T, Watabe K, Kitagawa K, Shibata N. Astrocytes release glutamate via cystine/glutamate antiporter upregulated in response to increased oxidative stress related to sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathology 2020; 40:587-598. [PMID: 33305472 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A vast body of evidence implicates increased oxidative stress and extracellular glutamate accumulation in the pathomechanism of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) carries extracellular cystine uptake and intracellular glutamate release (cystine/glutamate exchange) in the presence of oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the involvement of xCT in ALS. Immunohistochemical observations in the spinal cord sections demonstrated that xCT was mainly expressed in astrocytes, with staining more intense in 12 sporadic ALS patients as compared to 12 age-matched control individuals. Western blot and densitometric analyses of the spinal cord samples revealed that the relative value of xCT/β-actin optical density ratio was significantly higher in the ALS group as compared to the control group. Next, we conducted cell culture experiments using a human astrocytoma-derived cell line (1321N1) and a mouse motor neuron/neuroblastoma hybrid cell line (NSC34). In 1321N1 cells, the normalized xCT expression levels in cell lysates were significantly increased by H2 O2 treatment. Glutamate concentrations in 1321 N1 cell culture-conditioned media were significantly elevated by H2 O2 treatment, and the H2 O2 -driven elevations were completely canceled by the xCT inhibitor erastin pretreatment. In motor neuron-differentiated NSC34 cells (NSC34d cells), both the normalized xCT expression levels in the cell lysates and glutamate concentrations in the cell-conditioned media were constant with or without H2 O2 treatment. The present results provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that astrocytes upregulate xCT expression to release glutamate in response to increased oxidative stress associated with ALS, contributing to extracellular glutamate accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Kazama
- Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kato
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Urano
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Kenta Masui
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Niida-Kawaguchi
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamamoto
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Differential Loss of Spinal Interneurons in a Mouse Model of ALS. Neuroscience 2020; 450:81-95. [PMID: 32858144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) leads to a loss of specific motor neuron populations in the spinal cord and cortex. Emerging evidence suggests that interneurons may also be affected, but a detailed characterization of interneuron loss and its potential impacts on motor neuron loss and disease progression is lacking. To examine this issue, the fate of V1 inhibitory neurons during ALS was assessed in the ventral spinal cord using the SODG93A mouse model. The V1 population makes up ∼30% of all ventral inhibitory neurons, ∼50% of direct inhibitory synaptic contacts onto motor neuron cell bodies, and is thought to play a key role in modulating motor output, in part through recurrent and reciprocal inhibitory circuits. We find that approximately half of V1 inhibitory neurons are lost in SODG93A mice at late disease stages, but that this loss is delayed relative to the loss of motor neurons and V2a excitatory neurons. We further identify V1 subpopulations based on transcription factor expression that are differentially susceptible to degeneration in SODG93A mice. At an early disease stage, we show that V1 synaptic contacts with motor neuron cell bodies increase, suggesting an upregulation of inhibition before V1 neurons are lost in substantial numbers. These data support a model in which progressive changes in V1 synaptic contacts early in disease, and in select V1 subpopulations at later stages, represent a compensatory upregulation and then deleterious breakdown of specific interneuron circuits within the spinal cord.
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29
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Clark CM, Clark RM, Hoyle JA, Dickson TC. Pathogenic or protective? Neuropeptide Y in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem 2020; 156:273-289. [PMID: 32654149 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an endogenous peptide of the central and enteric nervous systems which has gained significant interest as a potential neuroprotective agent for treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an aggressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits and motor neuron loss. In ALS, recent evidence from ALS patients and animal models has indicated that NPY may have a role in the disease pathogenesis. Increased NPY levels were found to correlate with disease progression in ALS patients. Similarly, NPY expression is increased in the motor cortex of ALS mice by end stages of the disease. Although the functional consequence of increased NPY levels in ALS is currently unknown, NPY has been shown to exert a diverse range of neuroprotective roles in other neurodegenerative diseases; through modulation of potassium channel activity, increased production of neurotrophins, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, reduction of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and hyperexcitability. Several of these mechanisms and signalling pathways are heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of ALS. Therefore, in this review, we discuss possible effects of NPY and NPY-receptor signalling in the ALS disease context, as determining NPY's contribution to, or impact on, ALS disease mechanisms will be essential for future studies investigating the NPY system as a therapeutic strategy in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Clark
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Rosemary M Clark
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Joshua A Hoyle
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tracey C Dickson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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30
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Ruiz-Ruiz C, Calzaferri F, García AG. P2X7 Receptor Antagonism as a Potential Therapy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:93. [PMID: 32595451 PMCID: PMC7303288 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the purinergic ionotropic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) as a potential target for developing drugs that delay the onset and/or disease progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Description of clinical and genetic ALS features is followed by an analysis of advantages and drawbacks of transgenic mouse models of disease based on mutations in a bunch of proteins, particularly Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), TAR-DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43), Fused in Sarcoma/Translocated in Sarcoma (FUS), and Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72). Though of limited value, these models are however critical to study the proof of concept of new compounds, before reaching clinical trials. The authors also provide a description of ALS pathogenesis including protein aggregation, calcium-dependent excitotoxicity, dysfunction of calcium-binding proteins, ultrastructural mitochondrial alterations, disruption of mitochondrial calcium handling, and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding disease pathogenic pathways may ease the identification of new drug targets. Subsequently, neuroinflammation linked with P2X7Rs in ALS pathogenesis is described in order to understand the rationale of placing the use of P2X7R antagonists as a new therapeutic pharmacological approach to ALS. This is the basis for the hypothesis that a P2X7R blocker could mitigate the neuroinflammatory state, indirectly leading to neuroprotection and higher motoneuron survival in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruiz-Ruiz
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Calzaferri
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Diazoxide blocks or reduces microgliosis when applied prior or subsequent to motor neuron injury in mice. Brain Res 2020; 1741:146875. [PMID: 32389588 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diazoxide (DZX), an anti-hypertonic and anti-hypoglycemic drug, was shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in several injured cell types outside the central nervous system. In the brain, the neuroprotective potential of DZX is well described, however, its anticipated anti-inflammatory effect after acute injury has not been systematically analyzed. To disclose the anti-inflammatory effect of DZX in the central nervous system, an injury was induced in the hypoglossal and facial nuclei and in the oculomotor nucleus by unilateral axonal transection and unilateral target deprivation (enucleation), respectively. On the fourth day after surgery, microglial analysis was performed on tissue in which microglia were DAB-labeled and motoneurons were labeled with immunofluorescence. DZX treatment was given either prophylactically, starting 7 days prior to the injury and continuing until the animals were sacrificed, or postoperatively only, with daily intraperitoneal injections (1.25 mg/kg; in 10 mg/ml dimethyl sulfoxide in distilled water). Prophylactically + postoperatively applied DZX completely eliminated the microglial reaction in each motor nuclei. If DZX was applied only postoperatively, some microglial activation could be detected, but its magnitude was still significantly smaller than the non-DZX-treated controls. The effect of DZX could also be demonstrated through an extended period, as tested in the hypoglossal nucleus on day 7 after the operation. Neuronal counts, determined at day 4 after the operation in the hypoglossal nucleus, demonstrated no loss of motor neurons, however, an increased Feret's diameter of mitochondria could be measured, suggesting increased oxidative stress in the injured cells. The increase of mitochondrial Feret's diameter could also be prevented with DZX treatment.
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Nizzardo M, Taiana M, Rizzo F, Aguila Benitez J, Nijssen J, Allodi I, Melzi V, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Hedlund E, Corti S. Synaptotagmin 13 is neuroprotective across motor neuron diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:837-853. [PMID: 32065260 PMCID: PMC7181443 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), spinal and lower brainstem motor neurons degenerate, but some motor neuron subtypes are spared, including oculomotor neurons (OMNs). The mechanisms responsible for this selective degeneration are largely unknown, but the molecular signatures of resistant and vulnerable motor neurons are distinct and offer clues to neuronal resilience and susceptibility. Here, we demonstrate that healthy OMNs preferentially express Synaptotagmin 13 (SYT13) compared to spinal motor neurons. In end-stage ALS patients, SYT13 is enriched in both OMNs and the remaining relatively resilient spinal motor neurons compared to controls. Overexpression of SYT13 in ALS and SMA patient motor neurons in vitro improves their survival and increases axon lengths. Gene therapy with Syt13 prolongs the lifespan of ALS mice by 14% and SMA mice by 50% by preserving motor neurons and delaying muscle denervation. SYT13 decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of motor neurons, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, SYT13 is a resilience factor that can protect motor neurons and a candidate therapeutic target across motor neuron diseases.
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Kodavati M, Wang H, Hegde ML. Altered Mitochondrial Dynamics in Motor Neuron Disease: An Emerging Perspective. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041065. [PMID: 32344665 PMCID: PMC7226538 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria plays privotal role in diverse pathways that regulate cellular function and survival, and have emerged as a prime focus in aging and age-associated motor neuron diseases (MNDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Accumulating evidence suggests that many amyloidogenic proteins, including MND-associated RNA/DNA-binding proteins fused in sarcoma (FUS) and TAR DNA binding protein (TDP)-43, are strongly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Animal model and patient studies have highlighted changes in mitochondrial structure, plasticity, replication/copy number, mitochondrial DNA instability, and altered membrane potential in several subsets of MNDs, and these observations are consistent with the evidence of increased excitotoxicity, induction of reactive oxygen species, and activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Studies in MND rodent models also indicate that mitochondrial abnormalities begin prior to the clinical and pathological onset of the disease, suggesting a causal role of mitochondrial dysfunction. Our recent studies, which demonstrated the involvement of specific defects in DNA break-ligation mediated by DNA ligase 3 (LIG3) in FUS-associated ALS, raised a key question of its potential implication in mitochondrial DNA transactions because LIG3 is essential for both mitochondrial DNA replication and repair. This question, as well as how wild-type and mutant MND-associated factors affect mitochondria, remain to be elucidated. These new investigation avenues into the mechanistic role of mitochondrial dysfunction in MNDs are critical to identify therapeutic targets to alleviate mitochondrial toxicity and its consequences. In this article, we critically review recent advances in our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in diverse subgroups of MNDs and discuss challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Kodavati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.K.); (H.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence:
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A Study of Gene Expression Changes in Human Spinal and Oculomotor Neurons; Identifying Potential Links to Sporadic ALS. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040448. [PMID: 32325953 PMCID: PMC7230244 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes compromised function of motor neurons and neuronal death. However, oculomotor neurons are largely spared from disease symptoms. The underlying causes for sporadic ALS as well as for the resistance of oculomotor neurons to disease symptoms remain poorly understood. In this bioinformatic-analysis, we compared the gene expression profiles of spinal and oculomotor tissue samples from control individuals and sporadic ALS patients. We show that the genes GAD2 and GABRE (involved in GABA signaling), and CALB1 (involved in intracellular Ca2+ ion buffering) are downregulated in the spinal tissues of ALS patients, but their endogenous levels are higher in oculomotor tissues relative to the spinal tissues. Our results suggest that the downregulation of these genes and processes in spinal tissues are related to sporadic ALS disease progression and their upregulation in oculomotor neurons confer upon them resistance to ALS symptoms. These results build upon prevailing models of excitotoxicity that are relevant to sporadic ALS disease progression and point out unique opportunities for better understanding the progression of neurodegenerative properties associated with sporadic ALS.
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Muddapu VR, Dharshini SAP, Chakravarthy VS, Gromiha MM. Neurodegenerative Diseases - Is Metabolic Deficiency the Root Cause? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:213. [PMID: 32296300 PMCID: PMC7137637 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are a prominent class of neurological diseases currently without a cure. They are characterized by an inexorable loss of a specific type of neurons. The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal clusters (typically a subcortical cluster) in the early stages, followed by the spread of the disease to higher cortical areas, is a typical pattern of disease progression. Neurodegenerative diseases share a range of molecular and cellular pathologies, including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate toxicity, calcium load, proteolytic stress, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and aging, which contribute to neuronal death. Efforts to treat these diseases are often limited by the fact that they tend to address any one of the above pathological changes while ignoring others. Lack of clarity regarding a possible root cause that underlies all the above pathologies poses a significant challenge. In search of an integrative theory for neurodegenerative pathology, we hypothesize that metabolic deficiency in certain vulnerable neuronal clusters is the common underlying thread that links many dimensions of the disease. The current review aims to present an outline of such an integrative theory. We present a new perspective of neurodegenerative diseases as metabolic disorders at molecular, cellular, and systems levels. This helps to understand a common underlying mechanism of the many facets of the disease and may lead to more promising disease-modifying therapeutic interventions. Here, we briefly discuss the selective metabolic vulnerability of specific neuronal clusters and also the involvement of glia and vascular dysfunctions. Any failure in satisfaction of the metabolic demand by the neurons triggers a chain of events that precipitate various manifestations of neurodegenerative pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignayanandam Ravindernath Muddapu
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - S. Akila Parvathy Dharshini
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Silva-Hucha S, Carrero-Rojas G, Fernández de Sevilla ME, Benítez-Temiño B, Davis-López de Carrizosa MA, Pastor AM, Morcuende S. Sources and lesion-induced changes of VEGF expression in brainstem motoneurons. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1033-1053. [PMID: 32189115 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Motoneurons of the oculomotor system show lesser vulnerability to neurodegeneration compared to other cranial motoneurons, as seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in motoneuronal protection. As previously shown, motoneurons innervating extraocular muscles present a higher amount of VEGF and its receptor Flk-1 compared to facial or hypoglossal motoneurons. Therefore, we aimed to study the possible sources of VEGF to brainstem motoneurons, such as glial cells and target muscles. We also studied the regulation of VEGF in response to axotomy in ocular, facial, and hypoglossal motor nuclei. Basal VEGF expression in astrocytes and microglial cells of the cranial motor nuclei was low. Although the presence of VEGF in the different target muscles for brainstem motoneurons was similar, the presynaptic element of the ocular neuromuscular junction showed higher amounts of Flk-1, which could result in greater efficiency in the capture of the factor by oculomotor neurons. Seven days after axotomy, a clear glial reaction was observed in all the brainstem nuclei, but the levels of the neurotrophic factor remained low in glial cells. Only the injured motoneurons of the oculomotor system showed an increase in VEGF and Flk-1, but such an increase was not detected in axotomized facial or hypoglossal motoneurons. Taken together, our findings suggest that the ocular motoneurons themselves upregulate VEGF expression in response to lesion. In conclusion, the low VEGF expression observed in glial cells suggests that these cells are not the main source of VEGF for brainstem motoneurons. Therefore, the higher VEGF expression observed in motoneurons innervating extraocular muscles is likely due either to the fact that this factor is more avidly taken up from the target muscles, in basal conditions, or is produced by these motoneurons themselves, and acts in an autocrine manner after axotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Silva-Hucha
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Génova Carrero-Rojas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Benítez-Temiño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Angel M Pastor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Sara Morcuende
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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Niida-Kawaguchi M, Kakita A, Noguchi N, Kazama M, Masui K, Kato Y, Yamamoto T, Sawada T, Kitagawa K, Watabe K, Shibata N. Soluble iron accumulation induces microglial glutamate release in the spinal cord of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathology 2019; 40:152-166. [PMID: 31883180 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) demonstrated iron accumulation in the spinal cord and increased glutamate concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. To clarify the relationship between the two phenomena, we first performed quantitative and morphological analyses of substances related to iron and glutamate metabolism using spinal cords obtained at autopsy from 12 SALS patients and 12 age-matched control subjects. Soluble iron content determined by the Ferrozine method as well as ferritin (Ft) and glutaminase C (GLS-C) expression levels on Western blots were significantly higher in the SALS group than in the control group, while ferroportin (FPN) levels on Western blots were significantly reduced in the SALS group as compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in aconitase 1 (ACO1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-converting enzyme (TACE) levels on Western blots between the two groups. Immunohistochemically, Ft, ACO1, TACE, TNFα, and GLS-C were proven to be selectively expressed in microglia. Immunoreactivities for FPN and hepcidin were localized in neuronal and glial cells. Based on these observations, it is predicted that soluble iron may stimulate microglial glutamate release. To address this issue, cell culture experiments were carried out on a microglial cell line (BV-2). Treatment of BV-2 cells with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) brought about significant increases in intracellular soluble iron and Ft expression levels and conditioned medium glutamate and TNFα concentrations. Glutamate concentration was also significantly increased in conditioned media of TNFα-treated BV-2 cells. While the FAC-driven increases in glutamate and TNFα release were completely canceled by pretreatment with ACO1 and TACE inhibitors, respectively, the TNFα-driven increase in glutamate release was completely canceled by GLS-C inhibitor pretreatment. Moreover, treatment of BV-2 cells with hepcidin resulted in a significant reduction in FPN expression levels on Western blots of the intracellular total protein extracts. The present results provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that microglial glutamate release in SALS spinal cords is enhanced by intracellular soluble iron accumulation-induced activation of ACO1 and TACE and by increased extracellular TNFα-stimulated GLS-C upregulation, and suggest a positive feedback mechanism to maintain increased intracellular soluble iron levels, involving TNFα, hepcidin, and FPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Niida-Kawaguchi
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miku Kazama
- Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Masui
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kato
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamamoto
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Sawada
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Resveratrol Directly Controls the Activity of Neuronal Ryanodine Receptors at the Single-Channel Level. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:422-434. [PMID: 31376069 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion dyshomeostasis contributes to the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases and represents a target for the development of neuroprotective therapies, as reported by Duncan et al. (Molecules 15(3):1168-95, 2010), LaFerla (Nat Rev Neurosci 3(11):862-72, 2002), and Niittykoshi et al. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51(12):6387-93, 2010). Dysfunctional ryanodine receptors contribute to calcium ion dyshomeostasis and potentially to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by generating abnormal calcium ion release from the endoplasmic reticulum, according to Bruno et al. (Neurobiol Aging 33(5):1001 e1-6, 2012) and Stutzmann et al. (J Neurosci 24(2):508-13, 2004). Since ryanodine receptors share functional and structural similarities with potassium channels, as reported by Lanner et al. (Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2(11):a003996, 2010), and small molecules with anti-oxidant properties, such as resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), directly control the activity of potassium channels, according to Wang et al. (J Biomed Sci 23(1):47, 2016), McCalley et al. (Molecules 19(6):7327-40, 2014), Novakovic et al. (Mol Hum Reprod 21(6):545-51, 2015), Li et al. (Cardiovasc Res 45(4):1035-45, 2000), Gopalakrishnan et al. (Br J Pharmacol 129(7):1323-32, 2000), and Hambrock et al. (J Biol Chem 282(5):3347-56, 2007), we hypothesized that trans-resveratrol can modulate intracellular calcium signaling through direct binding and functional regulation of ryanodine receptors. The goal of our study was to identify and measure the control of ryanodine receptor activity by trans-resveratrol. Mechanisms of calcium signaling mediated by the direct interaction between trans-resveratrol and ryanodine receptors were identified and measured with single-channel electrophysiology. Addition of trans-resveratrol to the cytoplasmic face of the ryanodine receptor increased single-channel activity at physiological and elevated pathophysiological cytoplasmic calcium ion concentrations. The open probability of the channel increases after interacting with the small molecule in a dose-dependent manner, but remains also dependent on the concentration of its physiological ligand, cytoplasmic-free calcium ions. This study provides the first evidence of a direct functional interaction between trans-resveratrol and ryanodine receptors. Such functional control of ryanodine receptors by trans-resveratrol as a novel mechanism of action could provide additional rationales for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Ragagnin AMG, Shadfar S, Vidal M, Jamali MS, Atkin JD. Motor Neuron Susceptibility in ALS/FTD. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:532. [PMID: 31316328 PMCID: PMC6610326 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of both upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord. The neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to MN loss in ALS are not fully understood. Importantly, the reasons why MNs are specifically targeted in this disorder are unclear, when the proteins associated genetically or pathologically with ALS are expressed ubiquitously. Furthermore, MNs themselves are not affected equally; specific MNs subpopulations are more susceptible than others in both animal models and human patients. Corticospinal MNs and lower somatic MNs, which innervate voluntary muscles, degenerate more readily than specific subgroups of lower MNs, which remain resistant to degeneration, reflecting the clinical manifestations of ALS. In this review, we discuss the possible factors intrinsic to MNs that render them uniquely susceptible to neurodegeneration in ALS. We also speculate why some MN subpopulations are more vulnerable than others, focusing on both their molecular and physiological properties. Finally, we review the anatomical network and neuronal microenvironment as determinants of MN subtype vulnerability and hence the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Md Shafi Jamali
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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40
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Obál I, Nógrádi B, Meszlényi V, Patai R, Ricken G, Kovacs GG, Tripolszki K, Széll M, Siklós L, Engelhardt JI. Experimental Motor Neuron Disease Induced in Mice with Long-Term Repeated Intraperitoneal Injections of Serum from ALS Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102573. [PMID: 31130623 PMCID: PMC6566871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In an earlier study, signs of commencing degeneration of spinal motor neurons were induced in mice with short-term intraperitoneal injections of immunoglobulin G (IgG) taken from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since in that study, neither weakness nor loss of motor neurons was noted, to test whether the ALS IgG in this paradigm has the potential to evoke relentless degeneration of motor neurons, treatment with repeated injections over a longer period was carried out. Mice were systematically injected intraperitoneally with serum taken from ALS patients over a 75-day period. At selected time points, the isometric force of the limbs, number of spinal motor neurons and their intracellular calcium levels were determined. Furthermore, markers of glial activation and the motoneuronal uptake of human IgG were monitored. During this period, gliosis and progressive motoneuronal degeneration developed, which led to gradual loss of spinal motor neurons, more than 40% at day 21, along with decreasing muscle strength in the limbs. The inclusion-like accumulation of IgG appeared in the perikarya with the increase of intracellular calcium in the cell bodies and motor nerve terminals. Our results demonstrate that ALS serum can transfer motor neuron disease to mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Obál
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Neurology, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Bernát Nógrádi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary.
- Foundation for the Future of Biomedical Sciences in Szeged, Szeged Scientist Academy, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Valéria Meszlényi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary.
- Foundation for the Future of Biomedical Sciences in Szeged, Szeged Scientist Academy, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Roland Patai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gerda Ricken
- Clinical Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Clinical Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
| | - Kornélia Tripolszki
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Márta Széll
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences - University of Szeged, Dermatological Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Siklós
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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Blesa J, Vila M. Parkinson disease, substantia nigra vulnerability, and calbindin expression: Enlightening the darkness? Mov Disord 2019; 34:161-163. [PMID: 30675930 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institute-Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
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Iridoy MO, Zubiri I, Zelaya MV, Martinez L, Ausín K, Lachen-Montes M, Santamaría E, Fernandez-Irigoyen J, Jericó I. Neuroanatomical Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Common Pathogenic Biological Routes between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E4. [PMID: 30577465 PMCID: PMC6337647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders with an overlap in clinical presentation and neuropathology. Common and differential mechanisms leading to protein expression changes and neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD were studied trough a deep neuroproteome mapping of the spinal cord. (2) Methods: A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of the spinal cord from ALS-TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) subjects, ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-U) subjects and controls without neurodegenerative disease was performed. (3) Results: 281 differentially expressed proteins were detected among ALS versus controls, while 52 proteins were dysregulated among FTLD-U versus controls. Thirty-three differential proteins were shared between both syndromes. The resulting data was subjected to network-driven proteomics analysis, revealing mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic impairment, both for ALS and FTLD-U that could be validated through the confirmation of expression levels changes of the Prohibitin (PHB) complex. (4) Conclusions: ALS-TDP-43 and FTLD-U share molecular and functional alterations, although part of the proteostatic impairment is region- and disease-specific. We have confirmed the involvement of specific proteins previously associated with ALS (Galectin 2 (LGALS3), Transthyretin (TTR), Protein S100-A6 (S100A6), and Protein S100-A11 (S100A11)) and have shown the involvement of proteins not previously described in the ALS context (Methanethiol oxidase (SELENBP1), Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN-1), Calcyclin-binding protein (CACYBP) and Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Oaia Iridoy
- Department of Neurology ComplejoHospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Irene Zubiri
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Victoria Zelaya
- Pathological Anatomyservice Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Leyre Martinez
- Department of Neurology ComplejoHospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Karina Ausín
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Lachen-Montes
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Fernandez-Irigoyen
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ivonne Jericó
- Department of Neurology ComplejoHospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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43
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Tadić V, Adam A, Goldhammer N, Lautenschlaeger J, Oberstadt M, Malci A, Le TT, Sengupta S, Stubendorff B, Keiner S, Witte OW, Grosskreutz J. Investigation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter role in embryonic and adult motor neurons from G93A hSOD1 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 75:209-222. [PMID: 30597405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterized by progressive death of motor neurons (MNs) with glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload as critical mechanisms in disease pathophysiology. We used MNs from G93AhSOD1 and nontransgenic embryonic cultures and adult mice to analyze the expression of the main mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). MCU was overexpressed in cultured embryonic G93AhSOD1 MNs compared to nontransgenic MNs but downregulated in MNs from adult G93AhSOD1 mice. Furthermore, cultured embryonic G93AhSOD1 were rescued from kainate-induced excitotoxicity by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II inhibitor; KN-62, which reduced MCU expression in G93AhSOD1 MNs. MCU activation via kaempferol neither altered MCU expression nor influenced MN survival. However, its acute application served as a fine tool to study spontaneous Ca2+ activity in cultured neurons which was significantly altered by the mutated hSOD1. Pharmacological manipulation of MCU expression might open new possibilities to fight excitotoxic damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Tadić
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Adam Adam
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Goldhammer
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Janin Lautenschlaeger
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Moritz Oberstadt
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ayse Malci
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thanh Tu Le
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Saikata Sengupta
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Silke Keiner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Grosskreutz
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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44
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Kim GH, Kim HG, Jeon CJ. Immunocytochemical Localization of Choline Acetyltransferase in the Microbat Visual Cortex. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:153-165. [PMID: 30510329 PMCID: PMC6261840 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.18018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the organization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive (IR) fibers in the visual cortex of the microbat, using standard immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. ChAT-IR fibers were distributed throughout all layers of the visual cortex, with the highest density in layer III and the lowest density in layer I. However, no ChAT-IR cells were found in the microbat visual cortex. ChAT-IR fibers were classified into two types: small and large varicose fibers. Previously identified sources of cholinergic fibers in the mammalian visual cortex, the nucleus of the diagonal band, the substantia innominata, and the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, all contained strongly labeled ChAT-IR cells in the microbat. The average diameter of ChAT-IR cells in the nucleus of the diagonal band, the substantia innominata, and the nucleus basalis magnocellularis was 16.12 μm, 13.37 μm, and 13.90 μm, respectively. Our double-labeling study with ChAT and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and triple labeling with ChAT, GABA, and post synaptic density 95 (PSD-95), suggest that some ChAT-IR fibers make contact with GABAergic cells in the microbat visual cortex. Our results should provide a better understanding of the nocturnal bat visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University
| | - Hang-Gu Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University
| | - Chang-Jin Jeon
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University
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45
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Fu H, Hardy J, Duff KE. Selective vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1350-1358. [PMID: 30250262 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have two general characteristics that are so fundamental we usually take them for granted. The first is that the pathology associated with the disease only affects particular neurons ('selective neuronal vulnerability'); the second is that the pathology worsens with time and impacts more regions in a stereotypical and predictable fashion. The mechanisms underpinning selective neuronal and regional vulnerability have been difficult to dissect, but the recent application of whole-genome technologies, the development of mouse models that reproduce spatial and temporal features of the pathology, and the identification of intrinsic morphological, electrophysiological, and biochemical properties of vulnerable neurons are beginning to shed some light on these fundamental features of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we detail our emerging understanding of the underlying biology of selective neuronal vulnerability and outline some of the areas in which our understanding is incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Fu
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain; and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lilla Weston Laboratories, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Karen E Duff
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain; and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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46
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Sirabella R, Valsecchi V, Anzilotti S, Cuomo O, Vinciguerra A, Cepparulo P, Brancaccio P, Guida N, Blondeau N, Canzoniero LMT, Franco C, Amoroso S, Annunziato L, Pignataro G. Ionic Homeostasis Maintenance in ALS: Focus on New Therapeutic Targets. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:510. [PMID: 30131665 PMCID: PMC6090999 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most threatening neurodegenerative disease since it causes muscular paralysis for the loss of Motor Neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex. Up until now, no effective pharmacological treatment is available. Two forms of ALS have been described so far: 90% of the cases presents the sporadic form (sALS) whereas the remaining 10% of the cases displays the familiar form (fALS). Approximately 20% of fALS is associated with inherited mutations in the Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. In the last decade, ionic homeostasis dysregulation has been proposed as the main trigger of the pathological cascade that brings to motor-neurons loss. In the light of these premises, the present review will analyze the involvement in ALS pathophysiology of the most well studied metal ions, i.e., calcium, sodium, iron, copper and zinc, with particular focus to the role of ionic channels and transporters able to contribute in the regulation of ionic homeostasis, in order to propose new putative molecular targets for future therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the progression of this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Sirabella
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinciguerra
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cepparulo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Nicolas Blondeau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Lorella M T Canzoniero
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Cristina Franco
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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47
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Verma M, Wills Z, Chu CT. Excitatory Dendritic Mitochondrial Calcium Toxicity: Implications for Parkinson's and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:523. [PMID: 30116173 PMCID: PMC6083050 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis has been linked to multiple neurological diseases. In addition to excitotoxic neuronal cell death observed following stroke, a growing number of studies implicate excess excitatory neuronal activity in chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria function to rapidly sequester large influxes of cytosolic calcium through the activity of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, followed by more gradual release via calcium antiporters, such as NCLX. Increased cytosolic calcium levels almost invariably result in increased mitochondrial calcium uptake. While this response may augment mitochondrial respiration, limiting classic excitotoxic injury in the short term, recent studies employing live calcium imaging and molecular manipulation of calcium transporter activities suggest that mitochondrial calcium overload plays a key role in Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and related dementias [PD with dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)]. Herein, we review the literature on increased excitatory input, mitochondrial calcium dysregulation, and the transcriptional or post-translational regulation of mitochondrial calcium transport proteins, with an emphasis on the PD-linked kinases LRRK2 and PINK1. The impact on pathological dendrite remodeling and neuroprotective effects of manipulating MCU, NCLX, and LETM1 are reviewed. We propose that shortening and simplification of the dendritic arbor observed in neurodegenerative diseases occur through a process of excitatory mitochondrial toxicity (EMT), which triggers mitophagy and perisynaptic mitochondrial depletion, mechanisms that are distinct from classic excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Verma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zachary Wills
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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48
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Grobe M, Kretzschmar G, Vuica A, Filipovic N. Expression of vitamin D receptors in the superior cervical ganglia of rats. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:320-327. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1425910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Grobe
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - G Kretzschmar
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - A Vuica
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - N Filipovic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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49
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Berg EM, Bertuzzi M, Ampatzis K. Complementary expression of calcium binding proteins delineates the functional organization of the locomotor network. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2181-2196. [PMID: 29423637 PMCID: PMC5968073 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal networks in the spinal cord generate and execute all locomotor-related movements by transforming descending signals from supraspinal areas into appropriate rhythmic activity patterns. In these spinal networks, neurons that arise from the same progenitor domain share similar distribution patterns, neurotransmitter phenotypes, morphological and electrophysiological features. However, subgroups of them participate in different functionally distinct microcircuits to produce locomotion at different speeds and of different modalities. To better understand the nature of this network complexity, here we characterized the distribution of parvalbumin (PV), calbindin D-28 k (CB) and calretinin (CR) which are regulators of intracellular calcium levels and can serve as anatomical markers for morphologically and potential functionally distinct neuronal subpopulations. We observed wide expression of CBPs in the adult zebrafish, in several spinal and reticulospinal neuronal populations with a diverse neurotransmitter phenotype. We also found that several spinal motoneurons express CR and PV. However, only the motoneuron pools that are responsible for generation of fast locomotion were CR-positive. CR can thus be used as a marker for fast motoneurons and might potentially label the fast locomotor module. Moreover, CB was mainly observed in the neuronal progenitor cells that are distributed around the central canal. Thus, our results suggest that during development the spinal neurons utilize CB and as the neurons mature and establish a neurotransmitter phenotype they use CR or/and PV. The detailed characterization of CBPs expression, in the spinal cord and brainstem neurons, is a crucial step toward a better understanding of the development and functionality of neuronal locomotor networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Berg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bertuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Palus K, Bulc M, Czajkowska M, Miciński B, Całka J. Neurochemical characteristics of calbindin-like immunoreactive coeliac-cranial mesenteric ganglion complex (CCMG) neurons supplying the pre-pyloric region of the porcine stomach. Tissue Cell 2018; 50:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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