1
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Ma J, Sun R, Xia K, Xia Q, Liu Y, Zhang X. Design and Application of Fluorescent Probes to Detect Cellular Physical Microenvironments. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1738-1861. [PMID: 38354333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The microenvironment is indispensable for functionality of various biomacromolecules, subcellular compartments, living cells, and organisms. In particular, physical properties within the biological microenvironment could exert profound effects on both the cellular physiology and pathology, with parameters including the polarity, viscosity, pH, and other relevant factors. There is a significant demand to directly visualize and quantitatively measure the fluctuation in the cellular microenvironment with spatiotemporal resolution. To satisfy this need, analytical methods based on fluorescence probes offer great opportunities due to the facile, sensitive, and dynamic detection that these molecules could enable in varying biological settings from in vitro samples to live animal models. Herein, we focus on various types of small molecule fluorescent probes for the detection and measurement of physical parameters of the microenvironment, including pH, polarity, viscosity, mechanical force, temperature, and electron potential. For each parameter, we primarily describe the chemical mechanisms underlying how physical properties are correlated with changes of various fluorescent signals. This review provides both an overview and a perspective for the development of small molecule fluorescent probes to visualize the dynamic changes in the cellular environment, to expand the knowledge for biological process, and to enrich diagnostic tools for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rui Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaifu Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiuxuan Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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Abstract
Years ago, a classic textbook would define plant cell walls based on passive features. For instance, a sort of plant exoskeleton of invariable polysaccharide composition, and probably painted in green. However, currently, this view has been expanded to consider plant cell walls as active, heterogeneous, and dynamic structures with a high degree of complexity. However, what do we mean when we refer to a cell wall as a dynamic structure? How can we investigate the different implications of this dynamism? While the first question has been the subject of several recent publications, defining the ideal strategies and tools needed to address the second question has proven to be challenging due to the myriad of techniques available. In this review, we will describe the capacities of several methodologies to study cell wall composition, structure, and other aspects developed or optimized in recent years. Keeping in mind cell wall dynamism and plasticity, the advantages of performing long-term non-invasive live-imaging methods will be emphasized. We specifically focus on techniques developed for Arabidopsis thaliana primary cell walls, but the techniques could be applied to both secondary cell walls and other plant species. We believe this toolset will help researchers in expanding knowledge of these dynamic/evolving structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alonso Baez
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Laura Bacete
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Chen XX, Gomila RM, García-Arcos JM, Vonesch M, Gonzalez-Sanchis N, Roux A, Frontera A, Sakai N, Matile S. Fluorogenic In Situ Thioacetalization: Expanding the Chemical Space of Fluorescent Probes, Including Unorthodox, Bifurcated, and Mechanosensitive Chalcogen Bonds. JACS Au 2023; 3:2557-2565. [PMID: 37772186 PMCID: PMC10523495 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Progress with fluorescent flippers, small-molecule probes to image membrane tension in living systems, has been limited by the effort needed to synthesize the twisted push-pull mechanophore. Here, we move to a higher oxidation level to introduce a new design paradigm that allows the screening of flipper probes rapidly, at best in situ. Late-stage clicking of thioacetals and acetals allows simultaneous attachment of targeting units and interfacers and exploration of the critical chalcogen-bonding donor at the same time. Initial studies focus on plasma membrane targeting and develop the chemical space of acetals and thioacetals, from acyclic amino acids to cyclic 1,3-heterocycles covering dioxanes as well as dithiolanes, dithianes, and dithiepanes, derived also from classics in biology like cysteine, lipoic acid, asparagusic acid, DTT, and epidithiodiketopiperazines. From the functional point of view, the sensitivity of membrane tension imaging in living cells could be doubled, with lifetime differences in FLIM images increasing from 0.55 to 1.11 ns. From a theoretical point of view, the complexity of mechanically coupled chalcogen bonding is explored, revealing, among others, intriguing bifurcated chalcogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Chen
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rosa M. Gomila
- Departament
de Química, Universitat de les Illes
Balears, SP-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Maxime Vonesch
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Aurelien Roux
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament
de Química, Universitat de les Illes
Balears, SP-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Rzewnicka A, Krysiak J, Pawłowska R, Żurawiński R. Red-Emitting Dithienothiophene S, S-Dioxide Dyes for Cellular Membrane Staining. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16051806. [PMID: 36902920 PMCID: PMC10003865 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of dithienothiophene S,S-dioxide (DTTDO) dyes was designed, synthesized, and investigated for their suitability in fluorescent cell imaging. Synthetized (D-π-A-π-D)-type DTTDO derivatives have molecule lengths close to the thickness of the phospholipid membrane, and they contain on both ends two positively charged or neutral polar groups to increase their solubility in water and to ensure simultaneous interaction with polar groups of the inner and outer part of the cellular membrane. DTTDO derivatives exhibit absorbance and emission maxima in the 517-538 nm and 622-694 nm range, respectively, and a large Stokes shift up to 174 nm. Fluorescence microscopy experiments revealed that these compounds selectively intercalate into cell membranes. Moreover, a cytotoxicity assay conducted on a model human live cells indicates low toxicity of these compounds at the concentrations required for effective staining. With suitable optical properties, low cytotoxicity, and high selectivity against cellular structures, DTTDO derivatives are proven to be attractive dyes for fluorescence-based bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rzewnicka
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Krysiak
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Róża Pawłowska
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Żurawiński
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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5
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Jozeliūnaitė A, Rahmanudin A, Gražulis S, Baudat E, Sivula K, Fazzi D, Orentas E, Sforazzini G. Light-Responsive Oligothiophenes Incorporating Photochromic Torsional Switches. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202698. [PMID: 36136376 PMCID: PMC9828566 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a quaterthiophene and sexithiophene that can reversibly change their effective π-conjugation length through photoexcitation. The reported compounds make use of light-responsive molecular actuators consisting of an azobenzene attached to a bithiophene unit by both direct and linker-assisted bonding. Upon exposure to 350 nm light, the azobenzene undergoes trans-to-cis isomerization, thus mechanically inducing the oligothiophene to assume a planar conformation (extended π-conjugation). Exposure to 254 nm wavelength promotes azobenzene cis-to-trans isomerization, forcing the thiophenic backbones to twist out of planarity (confined π-conjugation). Twisted conformations are also reached by cis-to-trans thermal relaxation at a rate that increases proportionally with the conjugation length of the oligothiophene moiety. The molecular conformations of quaterthiophene and sexithiophene were characterized by using steady-state UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and quantum-chemical modeling. Finally, we tested the proposed light-responsive oligothiophenes in field-effect transistors to probe the photo-induced tuning of their electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustina Jozeliūnaitė
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-0325, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aiman Rahmanudin
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Vilnius University, Institute of Biotechnology, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Emilie Baudat
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Sivula
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edvinas Orentas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-0325, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giuseppe Sforazzini
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Present address: Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University degli Studi di Cagliari, SS 554, bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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6
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Flores-Cruz R, Hernández-Juárez C, Jimenez-Sanchez A, Hernández-Juárez MSC, Jiménez-Sánchez A. Fluorescent Probe for the Monitoring of Plasma Membrane Hydration. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Flores-Cruz
- Instituto de Quimica UNAM: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Instituto de Quimica Quimica Organica MEXICO
| | - Cinthia Hernández-Juárez
- Instituto de Quimica UNAM: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Instituto de Quimica Quimica Organica MEXICO
| | - Arturo Jimenez-Sanchez
- Institute of Chemistry-UNAM Bioorganic and Bioanalytical Chemistry Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Cd de M04310Mexico 04310 Mexico City MEXICO
| | | | - Arturo Jiménez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Quimica UNAM: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Instituto de Quimica Quimica Organica MEXICO
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7
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Sakai N, Assies L, Matile S. G‐Quartets, 4‐Way Junctions and Triple Helices but Not DNA Duplexes: Planarization of Twisted Push‐Pull Flipper Probes by Surface Recognition Rather Than Physical Compression. Helv Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sakai
- University of Geneva: Universite de Geneve Department of Organic Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Lea Assies
- University of Geneva: Universite de Geneve Department of Organic Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Stefan Matile
- University of Geneva Department of Organic Chemistry Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva SWITZERLAND
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8
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Assies L, Mercier V, López-Andarias J, Roux A, Sakai N, Matile S. The Dynamic Range of Acidity: Tracking Rules for the Unidirectional Penetration of Cellular Compartments. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200192. [PMID: 35535626 PMCID: PMC9400975 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Labeled ammonium cations with pKa∼7.4 accumulate in acidic organelles because they can be neutralized transiently to cross the membrane at cytosolic pH 7.2 but not at their internal pH<5.5. Retention in early endosomes with less acidic internal pH was achieved recently using weaker acids of up to pKa 9.8. We report here that primary ammonium cations with higher pKa 10.6, label early endosomes more efficiently. This maximized early endosome tracking coincides with increasing labeling of Golgi networks with similarly weak internal acidity. Guanidinium cations with pKa 13.5 cannot cross the plasma membrane in monomeric form and label the plasma membrane with selectivity for vesicles embarking into endocytosis. Self‐assembled into micelles, guanidinium cations enter cells like arginine‐rich cell‐penetrating peptides and, driven by their membrane potential, penetrate mitochondria unidirectionally despite their high inner pH. The resulting tracking rules with an approximated dynamic range of pKa change ∼3.5 are expected to be generally valid, thus enabling the design of chemistry tools for biology research in the broadest sense. From a practical point of view, most relevant are two complementary fluorescent flipper probes that can be used to image the mechanics at the very beginning of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Assies
- University of Geneva Faculty of Science: Universite de Geneve Faculte des Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Vincent Mercier
- University of Geneva Faculty of Science: Universite de Geneve Faculte des Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Javier López-Andarias
- University of Geneva Faculty of Science: Universite de Geneve Faculte des Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Aurelien Roux
- University of Geneva Faculty of Science: Universite de Geneve Faculte des Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Naomi Sakai
- University of Geneva Faculty of Science: Universite de Geneve Faculte des Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Stefan Matile
- University of Geneva, Department of Organic Chemistry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva, SWITZERLAND
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9
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Winslow M, Robinson D. Computational development of a phase-sensitive membrane raft probe. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8260-8268. [PMID: 35319559 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00431c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of the widely used 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene molecular probe have been considered using a multiscale approach involving spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory, classical molecular dynamics and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics. We identify a potential probe of membrane phase (i.e. to preferentially detect liquid-ordered regions of lipid bilayers), which exhibits restricted access to a conical intersection in the liquid-ordered phase but is freely accessible in less ordered molecular environments. The characteristics of this probe also mark it as a candidate for an aggregation induced emission fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Winslow
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - David Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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10
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García‐calvo J, López‐andarias J, Sakai N, Matile S. Planarizable Push‐Pull Probes with Sulfoximine‐Bridged Dithienothiophene Acceptors. Helv Chim Acta. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Schulz A, Würthner F. Folding‐induced Fluorescence Enhancement in a Series of Merocyanine Hetero‐Folda‐Trimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 134. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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López‐Andarias J, Eblighatian K, Pasquer QTL, Assies L, Sakai N, Hoogendoorn S, Matile S. Photocleavable Fluorescent Membrane Tension Probes: Fast Release with Spatiotemporal Control in Inner Leaflets of Plasma Membrane, Nuclear Envelope, and Secretory Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier López‐Andarias
- Department of Organic Chemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Krikor Eblighatian
- Department of Organic Chemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Quentin T. L. Pasquer
- Department of Organic Chemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Lea Assies
- Department of Organic Chemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Sascha Hoogendoorn
- Department of Organic Chemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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13
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García-Calvo J, López-Andarias J, Maillard J, Mercier V, Roffay C, Roux A, Fürstenberg A, Sakai N, Matile S. HydroFlipper membrane tension probes: imaging membrane hydration and mechanical compression simultaneously in living cells. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2086-2093. [PMID: 35308858 PMCID: PMC8849034 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
HydroFlippers are introduced as the first fluorescent membrane tension probes that report simultaneously on membrane compression and hydration. The probe design is centered around a sensing cycle that couples the mechanical planarization of twisted push–pull fluorophores with the dynamic covalent hydration of their exocyclic acceptor. In FLIM images of living cells, tension-induced deplanarization is reported as a decrease in fluorescence lifetime of the dehydrated mechanophore. Membrane hydration is reported as the ratio of the photon counts associated to the hydrated and dehydrated mechanophores in reconvoluted lifetime frequency histograms. Trends for tension-induced decompression and hydration of cellular membranes of interest (MOIs) covering plasma membrane, lysosomes, mitochondria, ER, and Golgi are found not to be the same. Tension-induced changes in mechanical compression are rather independent of the nature of the MOI, while the responsiveness to changes in hydration are highly dependent on the intrinsic order of the MOI. These results confirm the mechanical planarization of push–pull probes in the ground state as most robust mechanism to routinely image membrane tension in living cells, while the availability of simultaneous information on membrane hydration will open new perspectives in mechanobiology. HydroFlippers respond to membrane compression and hydration in the same fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy histogram: the responses do not correlate.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- José García-Calvo
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Javier López-Andarias
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jimmy Maillard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Roffay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Roux
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Abstract
Many dyes suffer from fast non-radiative decay pathways, thereby showing only short-lived excited states and weak photoluminescence. Here we show a pronounced fluorescence enhancement for a weakly fluorescent merocyanine (MC) dye by being co-facially stacked to other dyes in hetero-folda-trimer architectures. By means of fluorescence spectroscopy (lifetime, quantum yield) the fluorescence enhancement was explained by the rigidification of the emitting chromophore in the defined foldamer architecture and the presence of a non-forbidden lowest exciton state in H-coupled hetero-aggregates. This folding-induced fluorescence enhancement (FIFE) for specific sequences of π-stacked dyes points at a viable strategy toward improved fluorophores that relates to the approach used by nature in the green fluorescent protein (GFP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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López-Andarias J, Eblighatian K, Pasquer QTL, Assies L, Sakai N, Hoogendoorn S, Matile S. Photocleavable Fluorescent Membrane Tension Probes: Fast Release with Spatiotemporal Control in Inner Leaflets of Plasma Membrane, Nuclear Envelope, and Secretory Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113163. [PMID: 34734671 PMCID: PMC9299180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive flipper probes are attracting interest as fluorescent reporters of membrane order and tension in biological systems. We introduce PhotoFlippers, which contain a photocleavable linker and an ultralong tether between mechanophore and various targeting motifs. Upon irradiation, the original probe is released and labels the most ordered membrane that is accessible by intermembrane transfer. Spatiotemporal control from photocleavable flippers is essential to access open, dynamic or elusive membrane motifs without chemical or physical interference. For instance, fast release with light is shown to place the original small‐molecule probes into the innermost leaflet of the nuclear envelope to image changes in membrane tension, at specific points in time of membrane trafficking along the secretory pathway, or in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to explore membrane asymmetry. These results identify PhotoFlippers as useful chemistry tools to enable research in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier López-Andarias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Krikor Eblighatian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin T L Pasquer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lea Assies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Hoogendoorn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pieczykolan M, Derr JB, Chrayteh A, Koszarna B, Clark JA, Vakuliuk O, Jacquemin D, Vullev VI, Gryko DT. The Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Weakly Coupled Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164744. [PMID: 34443329 PMCID: PMC8398321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Three centrosymmetric diketopyrrolopyrroles possessing either two 2-(2′-methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole or two 2-(2′-methoxyphenyl)benzoxazolo-thiophene scaffolds were synthesized in a straightforward manner, and their photophysical properties were investigated. Their emission was significantly bathochromically shifted as compared with that of simple DPPs reaching 650 nm. Judging from theoretical calculations performed with time-dependent density functional theory, in all three cases the excited state was localized on the DPP core and there was no significant CT character. Consequently, emission was almost independent of solvents’ polarity. DPPs possessing 2,5-thiophene units vicinal to DPP core play a role in electronic transitions, resulting in bathochromically shifted absorption and emission. Interestingly, as judged from transient absorption dynamics, intersystem crossing was responsible for the deactivation of the excited states of DPPs possessing para linkers but not in the case of dye bearing meta linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pieczykolan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
| | - James B. Derr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Amara Chrayteh
- CEISAM Laboratory—UMR 6230, University of Nantes, CNTS, 44035 Nantes, France;
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
| | - John A. Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM Laboratory—UMR 6230, University of Nantes, CNTS, 44035 Nantes, France;
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (V.I.V.); (D.T.G.)
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (V.I.V.); (D.T.G.)
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (B.K.); (O.V.)
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (V.I.V.); (D.T.G.)
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17
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Piazzolla F, Mercier V, Assies L, Sakai N, Roux A, Matile S. Fluorescent Membrane Tension Probes for Early Endosomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12258-12263. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Piazzolla
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Lea Assies
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Roux
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Piazzolla
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Lea Assies
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Roux
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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19
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López-Andarias J, Straková K, Martinent R, Jiménez-Rojo N, Riezman H, Sakai N, Matile S. Genetically Encoded Supramolecular Targeting of Fluorescent Membrane Tension Probes within Live Cells: Precisely Localized Controlled Release by External Chemical Stimulation. JACS Au 2021; 1:221-232. [PMID: 34467286 PMCID: PMC8395630 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To image membrane tension in selected membranes of interest (MOI) inside living systems, the field of mechanobiology requires increasingly elaborated small-molecule chemical tools. We have recently introduced HaloFlipper, i.e., a mechanosensitive flipper probe that can localize in the MOI using HaloTag technology to report local membrane tension changes using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. However, the linker tethering the probe to HaloTag hampers the lateral diffusion of the probe in all the lipid domains of the MOI. For a more global membrane tension measurement in any MOI, we present here a supramolecular chemistry strategy for selective localization and controlled release of flipper into the MOI, using a genetically encoded supramolecular tag. SupraFlippers, functionalized with a desthiobiotin ligand, can selectively accumulate in the organelle having expressed streptavidin. The addition of biotin as a biocompatible external stimulus with a higher affinity for Sav triggers the release of the probe, which spontaneously partitions into the MOI. Freed in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), SupraFlippers report the membrane orders along the secretory pathway from the ER over the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Kinetics of the process are governed by both the probe release and the transport through lipid domains. The concentration of biotin can control the former, while the expression level of a transmembrane protein (Sec12) involved in the stimulation of the vesicular transport from ER to Golgi influences the latter. Finally, the generation of a cell-penetrating and fully functional Sav-flipper complex using cyclic oligochalcogenide (COC) transporters allows us to combine the SupraFlipper strategy and HaloTag technology.
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20
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Pennacchio FA, Nastały P, Poli A, Maiuri P. Tailoring Cellular Function: The Contribution of the Nucleus in Mechanotransduction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:596746. [PMID: 33490050 PMCID: PMC7820809 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.596746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells sense a variety of different mechanochemical stimuli and promptly react to such signals by reshaping their morphology and adapting their structural organization and tensional state. Cell reactions to mechanical stimuli arising from the local microenvironment, mechanotransduction, play a crucial role in many cellular functions in both physiological and pathological conditions. To decipher this complex process, several studies have been undertaken to develop engineered materials and devices as tools to properly control cell mechanical state and evaluate cellular responses. Recent reports highlight how the nucleus serves as an important mechanosensor organelle and governs cell mechanoresponse. In this review, we will introduce the basic mechanisms linking cytoskeleton organization to the nucleus and how this reacts to mechanical properties of the cell microenvironment. We will also discuss how perturbations of nucleus-cytoskeleton connections, affecting mechanotransduction, influence health and disease. Moreover, we will present some of the main technological tools used to characterize and perturb the nuclear mechanical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio A. Pennacchio
- FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Paulina Nastały
- FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alessandro Poli
- FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
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21
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22
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Kato T, Strakova K, García-Calvo J, Sakai N, Matile S. Mechanosensitive Fluorescent Probes, Changing Color Like Lobsters during Cooking: Cascade Switching Variations. BCSJ 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kato
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karolina Strakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José García-Calvo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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García-Calvo J, Maillard J, Fureraj I, Strakova K, Colom A, Mercier V, Roux A, Vauthey E, Sakai N, Fürstenberg A, Matile S. Fluorescent Membrane Tension Probes for Super-Resolution Microscopy: Combining Mechanosensitive Cascade Switching with Dynamic-Covalent Ketone Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12034-12038. [PMID: 32609500 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of fluorescent flipper probes for single-molecule super-resolution imaging of membrane tension in living cells. Reversible switching from bright-state ketones to dark-state hydrates, hemiacetals, and hemithioacetals is demonstrated for twisted and planarized mechanophores in solution and membranes. Broadband femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopy evinces ultrafast chalcogen-bonding cascade switching in the excited state in solution. According to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the new flippers image membrane tension in live cells with record red shifts and photostability. Single-molecule localization microscopy with the new tension probes resolves membranes well below the diffraction limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- José García-Calvo
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Jimmy Maillard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Ina Fureraj
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Karolina Strakova
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Adai Colom
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Roux
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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24
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Licari G, Strakova K, Matile S, Tajkhorshid E. Twisting and tilting of a mechanosensitive molecular probe detects order in membranes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5637-5649. [PMID: 32864081 PMCID: PMC7433777 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02175j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral forces in biological membranes affect a variety of dynamic cellular processes. Recent synthetic efforts have introduced fluorescent "flippers" as environment-sensitive planarizable push-pull probes that can detect lipid packing and membrane tension, and respond to lipid-induced mechanical forces by a shift in their spectroscopic properties. Herein, we investigate the molecular origin of the mechanosensitivity of the best known flipper, Flipper-TR, by an extended set of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in membranes of increasing complexity and under different physicochemical conditions, revealing unprecedented details of the sensing process. Simulations enabled by accurate refinement of Flipper-TR force field using quantum mechanical calculations allowed us to unambiguously correlate the planarization of the two fluorescent flippers to spectroscopic response. In particular, Flipper-TR conformation exhibits bimodal distribution in disordered membranes and a unimodal distribution in highly ordered membranes. Such dramatic change was associated with a shift in Flipper-TR excitation spectra, as supported both by our simulated and experimentally-measured spectra. Flipper-TR sensitivity to phase-transition is confirmed by a temperature-jump protocol that alters the lipid phase of an ordered membrane, triggering an instantaneous mechanical twisting of the probe. Simulations show that the probe is also sensitive to surface tension, since even in a naturally disordered membrane, the unimodal distribution of coplanar flippers can be achieved if a sufficiently negative surface tension is applied to the membrane. MD simulations in ternary mixtures containing raft-like nanodomains show that the probe can discriminate lipid domains in phase-separated complex bilayers. A histogram-based approach, called DOB-phase classification, is introduced that can differentiate regions of disordered and ordered lipid phases by comparing dihedral distributions of Flipper-TR. Moreover, a new sensing mechanism involving the orientation of Flipper-TR is elucidated, corroborating experimental evidence that the probe tilt angle is strongly dependent on lipid ordering. The obtained atomic-resolution description of Flipper-TR mechanosensitivity is key to the interpretation of experimental data and to the design of novel mechanosensors with improved spectroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Licari
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics , Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , Department of Biochemistry , Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA . ; Tel: +1-217-244-6914
| | - Karolina Strakova
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics , Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , Department of Biochemistry , Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA . ; Tel: +1-217-244-6914
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25
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Liu JT, Hase H, Taylor S, Salzmann I, Forgione P. Approaching the Integer‐Charge Transfer Regime in Molecularly Doped Oligothiophenes by Efficient Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Hannes Hase
- Department of Physics Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Ingo Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
- Department of Physics Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM) Centre for NanoScience Research (CeNSR) Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Pat Forgione
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 rue Sherbrooke O. Montréal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM) Centre for NanoScience Research (CeNSR) Concordia University 7141 rue Sherbrooke O. Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada
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26
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Liu JT, Hase H, Taylor S, Salzmann I, Forgione P. Approaching the Integer-Charge Transfer Regime in Molecularly Doped Oligothiophenes by Efficient Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7146-7153. [PMID: 31961982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A library of symmetrical linear oligothiophene was prepared employing decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction as the key transformation. Thiophene potassium carboxylate salts were used as cross-coupling partners without the need of co-catalyst, base, or additives. This method demonstrates complete chemoselectivity and is a comprehensive greener approach compared to the existing methods. The modularity of this approach is demonstrated with the preparation of discreet oligothiophenes with up to 10 thiophene repeat units. Symmetrical oligothiophenes are prototypical organic semiconductors where their molecular electrical doping as a function of the chain length can be assessed spectroscopically. An oligothiophene critical length for integer charge transfer was observed to be 10 thiophene units, highlighting the potential use of discrete oligothiophenes as doped conduction or injection layers in organic electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hannes Hase
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Ingo Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.,Department of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.,Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Centre for NanoScience Research (CeNSR), Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Pat Forgione
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.,Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Centre for NanoScience Research (CeNSR), Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
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27
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Abstract
Chalcogen-bonding cascade switching was introduced recently to produce the chemistry tools needed to image physical forces in biological systems. In the original flipper probe, one methyl group appeared to possibly interfere with the cascade switch. In this report, this questionable methyl group is replaced by a hydrogen. The deletion of this methyl group in planarizable push-pull probes was not trivial because it required the synthesis of dithienothiophenes with four different substituents on the four available carbons. The mechanosensitivity of the resulting demethylated flipper probe was nearly identical to that of the original. Thus methyl groups in the switching region are irrelevant for function, whereas those in the twisting region are essential. This result supports the chalcogen-bonding cascade switching concept and, most importantly, removes significant synthetic demands from future probe development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Heorhii V. Humeniuk
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Licari
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Eric Vauthey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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29
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Macchione M, Goujon A, Strakova K, Humeniuk HV, Licari G, Tajkhorshid E, Sakai N, Matile S. A Chalcogen-Bonding Cascade Switch for Planarizable Push-Pull Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15752-15756. [PMID: 31539191 PMCID: PMC7035594 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Planarizable push-pull probes have been introduced to demonstrate physical forces in biology. However, the donors and acceptors needed to polarize mechanically planarized probes are incompatible with their twisted resting state. The objective of this study was to overcome this "flipper dilemma" with chalcogen-bonding cascade switches that turn on donors and acceptors only in response to mechanical planarization of the probe. This concept is explored by molecular dynamics simulations as well as chemical double-mutant cycle analysis. Cascade switched flipper probes turn out to excel with chemical stability, red shifts adding up to high significance, and focused mechanosensitivity. Most important, however, is the introduction of a new, general and fundamental concept that operates with non-trivial supramolecular chemistry, solves an important practical problem and opens a wide chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Macchione
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Goujon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karolina Strakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heorhii V Humeniuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Licari
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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30
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Strakova K, Poblador‐Bahamonde AI, Sakai N, Matile S. Fluorescent Flipper Probes: Comprehensive Twist Coverage. Chemistry 2019; 25:14935-14942. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Strakova
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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31
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Macchione M, Goujon A, Strakova K, Humeniuk HV, Licari G, Tajkhorshid E, Sakai N, Matile S. A Chalcogen‐Bonding Cascade Switch for Planarizable Push–Pull Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Macchione
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Antoine Goujon
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Karolina Strakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Giuseppe Licari
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Department of Biochemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Department of Biochemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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32
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Vakuliuk O, Jun YW, Vygranenko K, Clermont G, Reo YJ, Blanchard‐Desce M, Ahn KH, Gryko DT. Modified Isoindolediones as Bright Fluorescent Probes for Cell and Tissue Imaging. Chemistry 2019; 25:13354-13362. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry POSTECH 77 Cheongam-Ro Nam-Gu Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Kateryna Vygranenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Ye Jin Reo
- Department of Chemistry POSTECH 77 Cheongam-Ro Nam-Gu Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673 Korea
| | | | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry POSTECH 77 Cheongam-Ro Nam-Gu Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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33
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Strakova K, Assies L, Goujon A, Piazzolla F, Humeniuk HV, Matile S. Dithienothiophenes at Work: Access to Mechanosensitive Fluorescent Probes, Chalcogen-Bonding Catalysis, and Beyond. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10977-11005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Strakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lea Assies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Goujon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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34
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Zeglio E, Rutz AL, Winkler TE, Malliaras GG, Herland A. Conjugated Polymers for Assessing and Controlling Biological Functions. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1806712. [PMID: 30861237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic bioelectronics is advancing rapidly in the development of materials and devices to precisely monitor and control biological signals. Electronics and biology can interact on multiple levels: organs, complex tissues, cells, cell membranes, proteins, and even small molecules. Compared to traditional electronic materials such as metals and inorganic semiconductors, conjugated polymers (CPs) have several key advantages for biological interactions: tunable physiochemical properties, adjustable form factors, and mixed conductivity (ionic and electronic). Herein, the use of CPs in five biologically oriented research topics, electrophysiology, tissue engineering, drug release, biosensing, and molecular bioelectronics, is discussed. In electrophysiology, implantable devices with CP coating or CP-only electrodes are showing improvements in signal performance and tissue interfaces. CP-based scaffolds supply highly favorable static or even dynamic interfaces for tissue engineering. CPs also enable delivery of drugs through a variety of mechanisms and form factors. For biosensing, CPs offer new possibilities to incorporate biological sensing elements in a conducting matrix. Molecular bioelectronics is today used to incorporate (opto)electronic functions in living tissue. Under each topic, the limits of the utility of CPs are discussed and, overall, the major challenges toward implementation of CPs and their devices to real-world applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Zeglio
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra L Rutz
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Thomas E Winkler
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Anna Herland
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Banasiewicz M, Stężycki R, Kumar GD, Krzeszewski M, Tasior M, Koszarna B, Janiga A, Vakuliuk O, Sadowski B, Gryko DT, Jacquemin D. Electronic Communication in Pyrrolo[3,2-b
]pyrroles Possessing Sterically Hindered Aromatic Substituents. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - G. Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anita Janiga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230; Université de Nantes; 2, rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3 France
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36
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Abstract
The co-assembly behavior of peptide-π-peptide and peptide-alkyl-peptide triblock molecules that form one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures under acidic, aqueous environments is dependent on the peptide sequence and the torsional constraints imposed within the nanomaterial volume. Although a hydrophilic tripeptide sequence (Asp-Asp-Asp, DDD-) previously promoted isolation/dilution of minority π-electron components in the matrix of aliphatic peptides, a β-sheet promoting sequence (Asp-Val-Val, DVV-) led to blocks of the two components distributed within larger 1D self-assembled nanostructures. Furthermore, torsional restrictions exerted on the oligoaromatic π-electron unit by the self-assembly process can lead to changes in its conformation (for example, planarity), which has ramifications on its functionality within the peptide matrix. Here, we study this impact on thiophene-based π-electron units with inherently different geometries, viz., relatively planar 2,2':5',2″:5″,2‴-quaterthiophene and 3″,4'-dimethyl-2,2':5',2″:5″,2‴-quaterthiophene, which is twisted at the core bithiophene unit due to the presence of two methyl groups. These peptides were co-assembled at 5 and 20 mol % with peptide- n-decyl-peptide triblock molecules, and the resultant assemblies were studied using UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. We found that torsional restriction in dimethylated quaterthiophene units can impact the stacking behavior of these 1D peptide nanoassemblies and have consequences on their photophysical properties. Additionally, these insights help in the understanding of the dependence of the optoelectronic properties of these materials on both the intrinsic conformation of π-units and the geometric constraints imposed by their immediate local environment under aqueous conditions.
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37
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Collot M, Ashokkumar P, Anton H, Boutant E, Faklaris O, Galli T, Mély Y, Danglot L, Klymchenko AS. MemBright: A Family of Fluorescent Membrane Probes for Advanced Cellular Imaging and Neuroscience. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:600-614.e7. [PMID: 30745238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The proper staining of the plasma membrane (PM) is critical in bioimaging as it delimits the cell. Herein, we developed MemBright, a family of six cyanine-based fluorescent turn-on PM probes that emit from orange to near infrared when reaching the PM, and enable homogeneous and selective PM staining with excellent contrast in mono- and two-photon microscopy. These probes are compatible with long-term live-cell imaging and immunostaining. Moreover, MemBright label neurons in a brighter manner than surrounding cells, allowing identification of neurons in acute brain tissue sections and neuromuscular junctions without any use of transfection or transgenic animals. In addition, MemBright probes were used in super-resolution imaging to unravel the neck of dendritic spines. 3D multicolor dSTORM in combination with immunostaining revealed en-passant synapse displaying endogenous glutamate receptors clustered at the axonal-dendritic contact site. MemBright probes thus constitute a universal toolkit for cell biology and neuroscience biomembrane imaging with a variety of microscopy techniques. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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38
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Goujon A, Straková K, Sakai N, Matile S. Streptavidin interfacing as a general strategy to localize fluorescent membrane tension probes in cells. Chem Sci 2019; 10:310-319. [PMID: 30713639 PMCID: PMC6333237 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To image the mechanical properties of biological membranes, twisted push-pull mechanophores that respond to membrane tension by planarization in the ground state have been introduced recently. For their application in biological systems, these so-called fluorescent flippers will have to be localized to specific environments of cellular membranes. In this report, we explore streptavidin as a versatile connector between biotinylated flipper probes and biotinylated targets. Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy with LUVs and GUVs reveal the specific conditions needed for desthiobiotin-loaded streptavidin to deliver biotinylated flippers selectively to biotinylated membranes. Selectivity for biotinylated plasma membranes is also observed in HeLa cells, confirming the compatibility of this strategy with biological systems. Streptavidin interfacing does not affect the mechanosensitivity of the flipper probes, red shift in the excitation maximum and fluorescence lifetime increase with membrane order and tension, as demonstrated, inter alia, using FLIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Goujon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland . ; http://www.unige.ch/sciences/chiorg/matile/
| | - Karolína Straková
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland . ; http://www.unige.ch/sciences/chiorg/matile/
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland . ; http://www.unige.ch/sciences/chiorg/matile/
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland . ; http://www.unige.ch/sciences/chiorg/matile/
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39
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Abstract
Staining of the plasma membrane (PM) is essential in bioimaging, as it delimits the cell surface and provides various information regarding the cell morphology and status. Herein, the lipophilicity of a green emitting BODIPY fluorophore was tuned by gradual functionalization with anchors composed of zwitterionic and aliphatic groups, thus yielding three different amphiphilic dyes. We found that BODIPY bearing one or three anchors failed in efficiently staining the PM: the derivative with one anchor showed low affinity to PM and exhibited strong fluorescence in water due to high solubility, whereas BODIPY with three anchors aggregated strongly in media and precipitated before binding to the PM. In sharp contrast, the BODIPY bearing two anchors (B-2AZ, MemBright-488) formed virtually nonfluorescent soluble aggregates in aqueous medium that quickly deaggregated in the presence of PM, leading to a bright soluble molecular form (quantum yield of 0.92). This fluorogenic response allowed for efficient probing of the PM at low concentration (20 nM) with high signal to background ratio images in mono- as well as two-photon excitation microscopy. B-2AZ proved to selectively stain the PM in a more homogeneous manner than the commercially available fluorescently labeled lectin WGA. Finally, it was successfully used in 3D-imaging to reveal fine intercellular tunneling nanotubes in KB cells and to stain the PM in glioblastoma cells in spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Boutant
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France
| | - Maxime Lehmann
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France
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40
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Colom A, Derivery E, Soleimanpour S, Tomba C, Molin MD, Sakai N, González-Gaitán M, Matile S, Roux A. A fluorescent membrane tension probe. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1118-1125. [PMID: 30150727 PMCID: PMC6197433 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cells and organelles are delimited by lipid bilayers in which high deformability is essential to many cell processes, including motility, endocytosis and cell division. Membrane tension is therefore a major regulator of the cell processes that remodel membranes, albeit one that is very hard to measure in vivo. Here we show that a planarizable push-pull fluorescent probe called FliptR (fluorescent lipid tension reporter) can monitor changes in membrane tension by changing its fluorescence lifetime as a function of the twist between its fluorescent groups. The fluorescence lifetime depends linearly on membrane tension within cells, enabling an easy quantification of membrane tension by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. We further show, using model membranes, that this linear dependency between lifetime of the probe and membrane tension relies on a membrane-tension-dependent lipid phase separation. We also provide calibration curves that enable accurate measurement of membrane tension using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adai Colom
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Derivery
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Saeideh Soleimanpour
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Tomba
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Dal Molin
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marcos González-Gaitán
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland.
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Strakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Saeideh Soleimanpour
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Marta Diez-Castellnou
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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42
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Xiong Y, Vargas Jentzsch A, Osterrieth JWM, Sezgin E, Sazanovich IV, Reglinski K, Galiani S, Parker AW, Eggeling C, Anderson HL. Spironaphthoxazine switchable dyes for biological imaging. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3029-3040. [PMID: 29732087 PMCID: PMC5916019 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in super-resolution microscopy have significantly expanded the requirements for switchable dyes, leading to demand for specially designed molecular switches. We report the synthesis and characterization of a spironaphthoxazine photochromic switch (a derivative of palatinate purple) displaying high photoconversion (85-95%) under readily accessible 405 nm light, broad absorption in the visible, and excellent fatigue resistance. The indole substituent on this spironaphthoxazine is twisted out of conjugation with the naphthalene unit, yet it is crucial for activation with visible light. The open colored merocyanine form of the spironaphthoxazine reverts to the closed form with a lifetime of 4.7 s in dichloromethane at 20 °C; this thermal reversion is even faster in more polar solvents. The photochemical quantum yields for ring-opening and ring-closing are approximately 8% and 1%, respectively, in dichloromethane. The ring-opening and ring-closing reactions have been characterized by time-resolved infrared and transient absorption spectroscopies. Ring opening occurs rapidly (τ = 2.1 ns) and efficiently (∼90%) from the singlet excited state to form an intermediate (assigned as a cisoid merocyanine), which returns to the closed ground state (τ = 4.5 ns) in competition with relaxation to the transoid open form (τ = 40 ns). Photochemical ring closing is a faster and simpler process: the excited state proceeds to the closed spirooxazine with a time constant of 0.28 ns. This photochromic switch can be used in conjunction with commercial fluorescent dyes to create a small-molecule switchable fluorescent dyad that shows high contrast and good fatigue resistance in living cells. These properties make the dyads suitable for application in RESOLFT microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Johannes W M Osterrieth
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit , Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , OX3 9DS , Oxford , UK
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility , Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council , Harwell Campus , Didcot OX11 0QX , UK
| | - Katharina Reglinski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit , Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , OX3 9DS , Oxford , UK
| | - Silvia Galiani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit , Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , OX3 9DS , Oxford , UK
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Central Laser Facility , Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council , Harwell Campus , Didcot OX11 0QX , UK
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit , Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , OX3 9DS , Oxford , UK.,Institute of Applied Optics , Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Jena , Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V. , Jena , Germany
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
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43
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Potopnyk MA, Lytvyn R, Danyliv Y, Ceborska M, Bezvikonnyi O, Volyniuk D, Gražulevičius JV. N,O π-Conjugated 4-Substituted 1,3-Thiazole BF 2 Complexes: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1095-1105. [PMID: 29300092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of 1,3-thiazole-based organoboron complexes has been designed and synthesized by acylation of 2-amino 4-subsituted 1,3-thiazoles with (4-dimethylamino)benzoyl chloride and the subsequent BF2 complexation reaction. The influence of substituents in position 4 of the thiazole ring on photophysical properties of the complexes has been investigated. Synthesized thiazolo[3,2-c][1,3,5,2]oxadiazaborinines mainly showed intensive fluorescence in solutions. Complex with a 4,5-unsubstituted thiazole unit demonstrated an aggregation induced emission (AIE) effect and a very high fluorescent quantum yield (94%) in the solid state because of the inhibition of π-π/π-n interactions in the molecular packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhaylo A Potopnyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Lytvyn
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology , Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv , Kyryla and Mefodia St. 6, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yan Danyliv
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology , Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Magdalena Ceborska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oleksandr Bezvikonnyi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology , Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology , Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Vidas Gražulevičius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology , Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
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44
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Licari G, Beckwith JS, Soleimanpour S, Matile S, Vauthey E. Detecting order and lateral pressure at biomimetic interfaces using a mechanosensitive second-harmonic-generation probe. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9328-9336. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00773j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A mechanosensitive harmonophore is used to probe the order and lateral pressure in phospholipid monolayers by surface-second harmonic generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Licari
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Joseph S. Beckwith
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Saeideh Soleimanpour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Muraoka
- School
of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kaori Umetsu
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1,
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhito V. Tabata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hamada
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noji
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazushi Kinbara
- School
of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1,
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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46
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Sadowski B, Rode MF, Gryko DT. Direct Arylation of Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones Leads to Red-Emitting Dyes with Conformational Freedom. Chemistry 2017; 24:855-864. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał F. Rode
- Institute of Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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47
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Maity S, Sadlowski CM, George Lin JM, Chen CH, Peng LH, Lee ES, Vegesna GK, Lee C, Kim SH, Mochly-Rosen D, Kumar S, Murthy N. Thiophene bridged aldehydes (TBAs) image ALDH activity in cells via modulation of intramolecular charge transfer. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7143-7151. [PMID: 29081945 PMCID: PMC5635522 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03017g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) catalyze the oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid and are implicated in the etiology of numerous diseases. However, despite their importance, imaging ALDH activity in cells is challenging due to a lack of fluorescent imaging probes. In this report, we present a new family of fluorescent probes composed of an oligothiophene flanked by an aldehyde and an electron donor, termed thiophene-bridged aldehydes (TBAs), which can image ALDH activity in cells. The TBAs image ALDH activity via a fluorescence sensing mechanism based on the modulation of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and this enables the TBAs and their ALDH-mediated oxidized products, thiophene-bridged carboxylates (TBCs), to have distinguishable fluorescence spectra. Herein, we show that the TBAs can image ALDH activity in cells via fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and in a plate reader. Using TBA we were able to develop a cell-based high throughput assay for ALDH inhibitors, for the first time, and screened a large, 1460-entry electrophile library against A549 cells. We identified α,β-substituted acrylamides as potent electrophile fragments that can inhibit ALDH activity in cells. These inhibitors sensitized drug-resistant glioblastoma cells to the FDA approved anti-cancer drug, temozolomide. The TBAs have the potential to make the analysis of ALDH activity in cells routinely possible given their ability to spectrally distinguish between an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Maity
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , 140 Hearst Memorial Mining Building , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Corinne M Sadlowski
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , 140 Hearst Memorial Mining Building , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Jung-Ming George Lin
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , 140 Hearst Memorial Mining Building , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
- The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering , UC Berkeley , Berkeley , California , USA
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology , Stanford University , School of Medicine , Stanford , CA 94305-5174 , USA
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , 140 Hearst Memorial Mining Building , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Eun-Soo Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science , 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Giri K Vegesna
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , 140 Hearst Memorial Mining Building , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Charles Lee
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , 140 Hearst Memorial Mining Building , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Se-Hwa Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science , 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology , Stanford University , School of Medicine , Stanford , CA 94305-5174 , USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , 140 Hearst Memorial Mining Building , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
- The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering , UC Berkeley , Berkeley , California , USA
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , 140 Hearst Memorial Mining Building , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
- The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering , UC Berkeley , Berkeley , California , USA
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Macchione M, Chuard N, Sakai N, Matile S. Planarizable Push-Pull Probes: Overtwisted Flipper Mechanophores. Chempluschem 2017; 82:1062-1066. [PMID: 31961614 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Planarizable push-pull fluorescent probes, also referred to as flipper probes, have been introduced as conceptually innovative mechanophores that report on forces in their local environment in lipid bilayer membranes. The best flipper probes respond to a change from liquid disordered to solid ordered membranes with a red shift in excitation of 50-90 nm. A simultaneous increase in fluorescence lifetime and negligible background fluorescence from the aqueous phase qualifies these fluorescent probes for meaningful imaging in live cells. Here, we report that the replacement of methyl with isobutyl substituents along the scaffold of a dithienothiophene dimer strongly reduces fluorescence intensity but increases solvatochromism slightly. These trends imply that the large substituents in "leucine flippers" hinder the planarization in the first excited state to result in twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). As a result of this overtwisting, the leucine flippers form interesting fluorescent micelles in water but fail to respond to changes in membrane order. These dramatic changes in function provide one of the most impressive illustrations for the hypersensitivity of fluorescent membrane probes toward small changes in their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Macchione
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Chuard
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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49
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Kielesiński Ł, Morawski O, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Gryko DT. The Coumarin-Dimer Spring-The Struggle between Charge Transfer and Steric Interactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:9174-9184. [PMID: 28500858 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kielesiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
- Institute of Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olaf Morawski
- Institute of Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University; Pasteura 1 00-273 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej L. Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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50
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Neuhaus F, Zobi F, Brezesinski G, Dal Molin M, Matile S, Zumbuehl A. Correlation of surface pressure and hue of planarizable push-pull chromophores at the air/water interface. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1099-1105. [PMID: 28684989 PMCID: PMC5480347 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently not possible to directly measure the lateral pressure of a biomembrane. Mechanoresponsive fluorescent probes are an elegant solution to this problem but it requires first the establishment of a direct correlation between the membrane surface pressure and the induced color change of the probe. Here, we analyze planarizable dithienothiophene push-pull probes in a monolayer at the air/water interface using fluorescence microscopy, grazing-incidence angle X-ray diffraction, and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. An increase of the lateral membrane pressure leads to a well-packed layer of the 'flipper' mechanophores and a clear change in hue above 18 mN/m. The fluorescent probes had no influence on the measured isotherm of the natural phospholipid DPPC suggesting that the flippers probe the lateral membrane pressure without physically changing it. This makes the flipper probes a truly useful addition to the membrane probe toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Potsdam-Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marta Dal Molin
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zumbuehl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
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