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Wang J, Zhou H, Liang R, Qin W. Chronopotentiometric Nanopore Sensor Based on a Stimulus-Responsive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Label-Free Dual-Biomarker Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9370-9378. [PMID: 38683892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of sensors for detection of biomarkers exhibits an exciting potential in diagnosis of diseases. Herein, we propose a novel electrochemical sensing strategy for label-free dual-biomarker detection, which is based on the combination of stimulus-responsive molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-modified nanopores and a polymeric membrane chronopotentiometric sensor. The ion fluxes galvanostatically imposed on the sensing membrane surface can be blocked by the recognition reaction between the target biomarker in the sample solution and the stimulus-responsive MIP receptor in the nanopores, thus causing a potential change. By using two external stimuli (i.e., pH and temperature), the recognition abilities of the stimulus-responsive MIP receptor can be effectively modulated so that dual-biomarker label-free chronopotentiometric detection can be achieved. Using alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as model biomarkers, the proposed sensor offers detection limits of 0.17 and 0.42 ng/mL for AFP and PSA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264099, China
| | - Rongning Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Wei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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2
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Su G, Xu M, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Yu Y. Simultaneous and multiplexed phenotyping of circulating exosomes with the orthogonal CRISPR-Cas platform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5944-5947. [PMID: 38764375 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00497c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous and multiplexed exosome protein profiling via an orthogonal CRISPR-Cas platform was achieved in this work. Aptamers were recruited to translate exosome surface protein information into Cas12a/Cas13a cleavage activity. The established multiplexed platform performed robustly with biological matrixes and could profile exosome proteins in clinical serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Mengting Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Yixing Fifth People's Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu, 214261, China
| | - Yuedong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Yanan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Yanyan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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Wardhani K, Levina A, Grau GER, Lay PA. Fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic resonance contrast and radioactive tracer labelling of extracellular vesicles. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38828885 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00238h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This review focusses on the significance of fluorescent, phosphorescent labelling and tracking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for unravelling their biology, pathophysiology, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Various labeling strategies, such as lipid membrane, surface protein, luminal, nucleic acid, radionuclide, quantum dot labels, and metal complex-based stains, are evaluated for visualizing and characterizing EVs. Direct labelling with fluorescent lipophilic dyes is simple but generally lacks specificity, while surface protein labelling offers selectivity but may affect EV-cell interactions. Luminal and nucleic acid labelling strategies have their own advantages and challenges. Each labelling approach has strengths and weaknesses, which require a suitable probe and technique based on research goals, but new tetranuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes as phosphorescent probes have strong phosphorescence, selective staining, and stability. Future research should prioritize the design of novel fluorescent probes and labelling platforms that can significantly enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and specificity of EV labeling, while preserving their composition and functionality. It is crucial to reduce false positive signals and explore the potential of multimodal imaging techniques to gain comprehensive insights into EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Wardhani
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology (B-TEK) Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Georges E R Grau
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Yasamineh S, Nikben N, Hamed Ahmed M, Abdul Kareem R, Kadhim Al-Aridhy A, Hosseini Hooshiar M. Increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of detecting exosomes as biomarkers for cancer monitoring using optical nanobiosensors. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:189. [PMID: 38816782 PMCID: PMC11138050 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of nanoscience and material design in recent times has facilitated the creation of point-of-care devices for cancer diagnosis and biomolecule sensing. Exosomes (EXOs) facilitate the transfer of bioactive molecules between cancer cells and diverse cells in the local and distant microenvironments, thereby contributing to cancer progression and metastasis. Specifically, EXOs derived from cancer are likely to function as biomarkers for early cancer detection due to the genetic or signaling alterations they transport as payload within the cancer cells of origin. It has been verified that EXOs circulate steadily in bodily secretions and contain a variety of information that indicates the progression of the tumor. However, acquiring molecular information and interactions regarding EXOs has presented significant technical challenges due to their nanoscale nature and high heterogeneity. Colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence, and Raman scattering are examples of optical techniques utilized to quantify cancer exosomal biomarkers, including lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA. Many optically active nanoparticles (NPs), predominantly carbon-based, inorganic, organic, and composite-based nanomaterials, have been employed in biosensing technology. The exceptional physical properties exhibited by nanomaterials, including carbon NPs, noble metal NPs, and magnetic NPs, have facilitated significant progress in the development of optical nanobiosensors intended for the detection of EXOs originating from tumors. Following a summary of the biogenesis, biological functions, and biomarker value of known EXOs, this article provides an update on the detection methodologies currently under investigation. In conclusion, we propose some potential enhancements to optical biosensors utilized in detecting EXO, utilizing various NP materials such as silicon NPs, graphene oxide (GO), metal NPs, and quantum dots (QDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | | | | | - Ameer Kadhim Al-Aridhy
- College of Health and Medical Technology, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
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Jo G, Yeo WS. Enhanced synthesis of antibody-functionalized gold nanoparticles for multiplexed exosome detection via mass signal amplification in LDI-TOF MS. ANAL SCI 2024:10.1007/s44211-024-00604-9. [PMID: 38780862 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel method for sensitive exosomal protein detection using organic matrix-free laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF MS) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with mass tags for signal amplification (Am-tags). Target exosomes were captured by specific antibodies on AuNPs and a biochip, where the antibody-presenting AuNPs (Ab/Am-tag@AuNPs) contained excess Am-tags. LDI-TOF MS analysis revealed the mass signal of Am-tags on Ab/Am-tag@AuNPs, indicating the presence of target exosomes. Thus, the target signal was amplified by a large number of Am-tags, resulting in enhanced sensitivity. We optimized the protocol to prepare stable Ab/Am-tag@AuNPs, focusing on parameters such as the concentration and ratio of thiol molecules for AuNP functionalization, suitable solvents for the coupling reaction, and amount of antibodies conjugated to the AuNPs. Subsequently, we evaluated the ability of our method to detect exosomes isolated from three cell lines, NIH3T3, MCF7, and HeLa, using an anti-Rab5 immobilized gold chip and anti-CD63/Am-tag@AuNPs with LDI-TOF MS analysis. Calibration curves constructed for the three cell lines showed a linear relationship with an excellent limit of detection. Finally, we emphasized the versatility of our method for the quantitative detection of exosomal proteins CD63 and mucin 1 (MUC1) using two types of Am-tags. LDI-TOF MS analysis revealed the presence of CD63 and MUC1 at different expression levels in HeLa and MCF7 cancer cells. Our findings clearly indicate the potential of Ab/Am-tag@AuNPs as a sensitive and reliable approach for identifying biomarkers in exosomes, providing valuable insights into their utility in biomedical research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaon Jo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Woon-Seok Yeo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.
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Qiu J, Guo Q, Chu Y, Wang C, Xue H, Zhang Y, Liu H, Li G, Han L. Efficient EVs separation and detection by an alumina-nanochannel-array-membrane integrated microfluidic chip and an antibody barcode biochip. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342576. [PMID: 38637043 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small endosome-derived lipid nanovesicles (30-200 nm) are actively secreted by living cells and serve as pivotal biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. However, the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) requires isolation and purification from various body fluids. Although traditional EVs isolation and detection technologies are mature, they usually require large amount of sample, consumes long-time, and have relatively low-throughput. How to efficiently isolate, purify and detect these structurally specific EVs from body fluids with high-throughput remains a great challenge in in vitro diagnostics and clinical research. RESULTS Herein, we suggest a nanosized microfluidic device for efficient and economical EVs filtration based on an alumina nanochannel array membrane. We evaluated the filtration device performance of alumina membranes with different diameters and found that an optimized chamber array with a hydrophilic-treated channel diameter of 90 nm could realize a filtration efficiency of up to 82% without any assistance from chemical or physical separation methods. Importantly, by integrating meticulously designed multichannel microfluidic biochips, EVs can be captured in-situ and monitored by antibody barcode biochip. The proposed filtration chip together with the high-throughput detection chip were capable of filtration of a few tens of μL samples and recognition of different phonotypes. The practical filtration and detection of EVs from clinical samples demonstrated the high performance of the device. SIGNIFICANT Overall, this work provides a cost-effective, highly efficient and automated EVs filtration chip and detection dual-function integrated chip platform, which can directly separate EVs from serum or cerebrospinal fluid with an efficiency of 82% and conduct in-situ detection. This small fluidic device can provide a powerful tool for highly efficient identifying and analyzing EVs, presenting great application potential in clinical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyan Qiu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Qindong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yujin Chu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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Pei S, Sun W, Han Q, Wang H, Liang Q. Bifunctional immunoaffinity magnetic nanoparticles for high-efficiency separation of exosomes based on host-guest interaction. Talanta 2024; 272:125790. [PMID: 38382302 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of exosomes holds substantial importance in the field of disease diagnosis and prognosis, where in the rapid and low-loss isolation of exosomes emerges as a crucial step owing to their exceedingly low concentration in bodily fluids. Herein, bifunctional immunoaffinity magnetic nanoparticles (BI-NPs) were successfully constructed by binding Ti4+ and antibody to magnetic nanoparticles through host-guest interaction. Exosomes in the cell culture supernatant could be effectively captured by the BI-NPs and then gently eluted with α-CD and 10% ammonia solution. Following the elution process, the content of captured exosome protein was determined to be up to 97 μg/mL. A total of 2822 protein groups were identified in the exosomes isolated by BI-NPs, 1060 protein groups were derived from exosomes. At the same time, the mass of exosome protein obtained by BI-NPs was more than 2 times that of UC isolation, and the above results indicated that BI-NPs had high purity enrichment performance. This is attributed to the fact that BI-NPs combine the dual affinity of Ti4+ and antibody to achieve efficient enrichment of exosomes, in addition to the mild elution property of BI-NPs due to the presence of the host-guest system. BI-NPs offer a novel approach for the isolation of exosomes, in order to further promote the application of exosomes in the required fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116000, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wanting Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116000, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Qiang Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116000, PR China.
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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8
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Chen J, Zheng M, Xiao Q, Wang H, Chi C, Lin T, Wang Y, Yi X, Zhu L. Recent Advances in Microfluidic-Based Extracellular Vesicle Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:630. [PMID: 38793203 PMCID: PMC11122811 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as vital messengers, facilitating communication between cells, and exhibit tremendous potential in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, conventional EV isolation methods are labor-intensive, and they harvest EVs with low purity and compromised recovery. In addition, the drawbacks, such as the limited sensitivity and specificity of traditional EV analysis methods, hinder the application of EVs in clinical use. Therefore, it is urgent to develop effective and standardized methods for isolating and detecting EVs. Microfluidics technology is a powerful and rapidly developing technology that has been introduced as a potential solution for the above bottlenecks. It holds the advantages of high integration, short analysis time, and low consumption of samples and reagents. In this review, we summarize the traditional techniques alongside microfluidic-based methodologies for the isolation and detection of EVs. We emphasize the distinct advantages of microfluidic technology in enhancing the capture efficiency and precise targeting of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We also explore its analytical role in targeted detection. Furthermore, this review highlights the transformative impact of microfluidic technology on EV analysis, with the potential to achieve automated and high-throughput EV detection in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Meiyu Zheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Qiaoling Xiao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Caixing Chi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Tahui Lin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Xue Yi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
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Ma D, Luo Y, Zhang X, Xie Z, Yan Y, Ding CF. A highly sensitive and selective fluorescent biosensor for breast cancer derived exosomes using click reaction of azide-CD63 aptamer and alkyne-polymer dots. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2751-2759. [PMID: 38634398 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes have gained recognition as valuable reservoirs of biomarkers, holding immense potential for early cancer detection. Consequently, there is a pressing need for the development of an economical and highly sensitive exosome detection methodology. In this work, we present a fluorescence method for breast cancer-derived exosome detection based on Cu-triggered click reaction of azide-modified CD63 aptamer and alkyne functionalized Pdots. The detection threshold for the exosomes obtained from the breast cancer serum was determined to be 6.09 × 107 particles per μL, while the measurable range spanned from 6.50 × 107 to 1.30 × 109 particles per μL. The employed methodology achieved notable success in accurately distinguishing breast cancer patients from healthy individuals through serum analysis. The application of this method showcases the significant potential for early exosome analysis in the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Yiting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Zehu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Yinghua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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10
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Wu Y, Gao Z, Chai Y, Zhang A, He S, Liu X, Yuan H, Tan L, Ding L, Wu Y. One-step and label-free ratiometric fluorescence assay for the detection of plasma exosome towards cancer diagnosis. Talanta 2024; 271:125700. [PMID: 38277965 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are closely associated with tumor development and are regarded as viable biomarkers for cancer. Here, a ratiometric fluorescence method was proposed for the one-step and label-free detection of plasma exosomes. A bicolor streptavidin magnetic beads were specifically created with an immobilized Cy5-labeled hairpin aptamer for CD63 (Cy5-Apt) on its surface to identify exosome, and a green color SYBR Green I (SGI) embedded in the stem of Cy5-Apt to respond to exosomes. After exosome capture, the Cy5-Apt could undergo a conformational shift and release the encapsulated SGI, allowing exosome measurement based on the fluorescence ratio of Cy5 and SGI. The enrichment, separation and detection of exosomes in proposed method could be completed in one step (30 min), which is a significant improvement over previous method. Furthermore, the use of ratiometric fluorescence and magnetic separation allows for exosome enrichment and interference elimination from complex matrices, improving accuracy and sensitivity. Particularly, the assay could detect exosomes in plasma and has potential to distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy volunteers with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.85. Besides, the study provided an efficient method for analyzing the various divisions of exosomes by merely modifying the aptamer, which holds great promise for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zibo Gao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China
| | - Yaru Chai
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Aiai Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Sitian He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huijie Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Longlong Tan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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11
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Deng J, Liu C, Sun J. DNA-Based Nanomaterials for Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303092. [PMID: 38016069 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanovesicles comprising a myriad of molecular cargo such as proteins and nucleic acids, playing essential roles in intercellular communication and physiological and pathological processes. EVs have received substantial attention as noninvasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Owing to their ability to recognize protein and nucleic acid targets, DNA-based nanomaterials with excellent programmability and modifiability provide a promising tool for the sensitive and accurate detection of molecular cargo carried by EVs. In this perspective, recent advancements in EV analysis using a variety of DNA-based nanomaterials are summarized, which can be broadly classified into three categories: linear DNA probes, DNA nanostructures, and hybrid DNA nanomaterials. The design, construction, advantages, and disadvantages of different types of DNA nanomaterials, as well as their performance for detecting EVs are reviewed. The challenges and opportunities in the field of EV analysis by DNA nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Deng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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12
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Javed A, Kong N, Mathesh M, Duan W, Yang W. Nanoarchitectonics-based electrochemical aptasensors for highly efficient exosome detection. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2345041. [PMID: 38742153 PMCID: PMC11089931 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2345041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles, have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to provide valuable insights into the pathophysiological microenvironment of the cells from which they originate. This characteristic implicates their potential use as diagnostic disease biomarkers clinically, including cancer, infectious diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Aptasensors, which are electrochemical aptamers based biosensing devices, have emerged as a new class of powerful detection technology to conventional methods like ELISA and Western analysis, primarily because of their capability for high-performance bioanalysis. This review covers the current research landscape on the detection of exosomes utilizing nanoarchitectonics strategy for the development of electrochemical aptasensors. Strategies involving signal amplification and biofouling prevention are discussed, with an emphasis on nanoarchitectonics-based bio-interfaces, showcasing their potential to enhance sensitivity and selectivity through optimal conduction and mass transport properties. The ongoing challenges to broaden the clinical applications of these biosensors are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Javed
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Na Kong
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Motilal Mathesh
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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13
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Zhao J, Guan X, Zhang S, Sha Z, Sun S. Weak Value Amplification-Based Biochip for Highly Sensitive Detection and Identification of Breast Cancer Exosomes. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:198. [PMID: 38667191 PMCID: PMC11048322 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes constitute an emerging biomarker for cancer diagnosis because they carry multiple proteins that reflect the origins of the parent cell. The highly sensitive detection of exosomes is a crucial prerequisite for the diagnosis of cancer. In this study, we report an exosome detection system based on quantum weak value amplification (WVA). The WVA detection system consists of a reflection detection light path and a Zr-ionized biochip. Zr-ionized biochips effectively capture exosomes through the specific interaction between zirconium dioxide and the phosphate groups on the lipid bilayer of exosomes. Aptamer-modified gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are then used to specifically recognize proteins on exosomes to enhance the detection signal. The sensitivity and resolution of the detection system are 2944.07 nm/RIU and 1.22 × 10-5 RIU, respectively. The concentration of exosomes can be directly quantified by the WVA system, ranging from 105-107 particles/mL with the detection limit of 3 × 104 particles/mL. The use of Au NPs-EpCAM for the specific enhancement of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 exosomes is demonstrated. The results indicate that the WVA detection system can be a promising candidate for the detection of exosomes as tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.)
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaotian Guan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.)
| | - Sihao Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.)
| | - Zhou Sha
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.)
| | - Shuqing Sun
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.)
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14
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Wang L, Wen Y, Li L, Yang X, Li W, Cao M, Tao Q, Sun X, Liu G. Development of Optical Differential Sensing Based on Nanomaterials for Biological Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:170. [PMID: 38667163 PMCID: PMC11048167 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The discrimination and recognition of biological targets, such as proteins, cells, and bacteria, are of utmost importance in various fields of biological research and production. These include areas like biological medicine, clinical diagnosis, and microbiology analysis. In order to efficiently and cost-effectively identify a specific target from a wide range of possibilities, researchers have developed a technique called differential sensing. Unlike traditional "lock-and-key" sensors that rely on specific interactions between receptors and analytes, differential sensing makes use of cross-reactive receptors. These sensors offer less specificity but can cross-react with a wide range of analytes to produce a large amount of data. Many pattern recognition strategies have been developed and have shown promising results in identifying complex analytes. To create advanced sensor arrays for higher analysis efficiency and larger recognizing range, various nanomaterials have been utilized as sensing probes. These nanomaterials possess distinct molecular affinities, optical/electrical properties, and biological compatibility, and are conveniently functionalized. In this review, our focus is on recently reported optical sensor arrays that utilize nanomaterials to discriminate bioanalytes, including proteins, cells, and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanli Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for State Market Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, 1500 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (L.W.); (L.L.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (M.C.); (Q.T.); (X.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Metrology for State Market Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, 1500 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (L.W.); (L.L.); (X.Y.); (W.L.); (M.C.); (Q.T.); (X.S.)
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15
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Halmagyi TG, Alsharif NB, Berkal MA, Hempenius MA, Szilagyi I, Vancso GJ, Nardin C. Aptamer Clicked Poly(ferrocenylsilanes) at Au Nanoparticles as Platforms with Multiple Function [†]. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303979. [PMID: 38206093 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Aptamers are widely used in biosensing due to their specific sensitivity toward many targets. Thus, gold nanoparticle (AuNP) aptasensors are subject to intense research due to the complementary properties of aptamers as sensing elements and AuNPs as transducers. We present herein a novel method for the functional coupling of thrombin-specific aptamers to AuNPs via an anionic, redox-active poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) polyelectroyte. The polymer acts as a co-reductant and stabilizer for the AuNPs, provides grafting sites for the aptamer, and can be used as a redox sensing element, making the aptamer-PFS-AuNP composite (aptamer-AuNP) a promising model system for future multifunctional sensors. The aptamer-AuNPs exhibit excellent colloidal stability in high ionic strength environments owing to the combined electrosteric stabilizing effects of the aptamer and the PFS. The synthesis of each assembly element is described, and the colloidal stability and redox responsiveness are studied. As an example to illustrate applications, we present results for thrombin sensitivity and specificity using the specific aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor G Halmagyi
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour F-, 64053, Pau, France
| | - Nizar B Alsharif
- MTA-SZTE Momentum Biocolloids Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center, University of Szeged H-, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mohamed A Berkal
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour F-, 64053, Pau, France
| | - Mark A Hempenius
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry, University of Twente NL-, 7522NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Istvan Szilagyi
- MTA-SZTE Momentum Biocolloids Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center, University of Szeged H-, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Julius Vancso
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry, University of Twente NL-, 7522NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Corinne Nardin
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour F-, 64053, Pau, France
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16
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Jiang Z, Luo K, Yang G, Li Y, Li L, Wang G, Qin T, Li J. An Electrochemiluminescent Sensor Based on Glycosyl Imprinting and Aptamer for the Detection of Cancer-Related Extracellular Vesicles. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2550-2558. [PMID: 38314707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-related extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered important biomarkers for cancer diagnosis because they can convey a large amount of information about tumor cells. In order to detect cancer-related EVs efficiently, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for the specific identification and highly sensitive detection of EVs in the plasma of cancer patients was constructed based on dual recognitions by glycosyl-imprinted polymer (GIP) and aptamer. The characteristic glycosyl Neu5Ac-α-(2,6)-Gal-β-(1-4)-GlcNAc trisaccharide on the surface of EVs was used as a template molecule and 3-aminophenylboronic acid as a functional monomer to form a glycosyl-imprinted polymer by electropolymerization. After glycosyl elution, the imprinted film specifically recognized and adsorbed the EVs in the sample, and then the CD63 aptamer-bipyridine ruthenium (Aptamer-Ru(bpy)) was added to combine with the CD63 glycoprotein on the extracellular vesicle's surface, thus providing secondary recognition of the EVs. Finally, the EVs were quantitatively detected according to the ECL signal produced by the labeled bipyridine ruthenium. When more EVs were captured by the imprinted film, more probes were obtained after incubation, and the ECL signal was stronger. Under the optimized conditions, the ECL signal showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of EVs in the range of 9.5 × 102 to 9.5 × 107 particles/mL, and the limit of detection was 641 particles/mL. The GIP sensor can discriminate between the EV contents of cancer patients and healthy controls with high accuracy. Because of its affordability, high sensitivity, and ease of use, it is anticipated to be employed for cancer early detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Kui Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guangwei Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guocong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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17
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Hong C, Hong I, Yang S, Ndukaife JC. Towards rapid colorimetric detection of extracellular vesicles using optofluidics-enhanced color-changing optical metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:4769-4777. [PMID: 38439221 DOI: 10.1364/oe.506686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Efficient transportation and delivery of analytes to the surface of optical sensors are crucial for overcoming limitations in diffusion-limited transport and analyte sensing. In this study, we propose a novel approach that combines metasurface optics with optofluidics-enabled active transport of extracellular vesicles (EVs). By leveraging this combination, we show that we can rapidly capture EVs and detect their adsorption through a color change generated by a specially designed optical metasurface that produces structural colors. Our results demonstrate that the integration of optofluidics and metasurface optics enables spectrometer-less and label-free colorimetric read-out for EV concentrations as low as 107 EVs/ml, achieved within a short incubation time of two minutes.
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18
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You Q, Liang F, Wu G, Cao F, Liu J, He Z, Wang C, Zhu L, Chen X, Yang Y. The Landscape of Biomimetic Nanovesicles in Brain Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306583. [PMID: 37713652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain diseases, such as brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and brain injuries, are caused by various pathophysiological changes, which pose a serious health threat. Brain disorders are often difficult to treat due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Biomimetic nanovesicles (BNVs), including endogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various cells and artificial nanovesicles, possess the ability to penetrate the BBB and thus can be utilized for drug delivery to the brain. BNVs, especially endogenous EVs, are widely distributed in body fluids and usually carry various disease-related signal molecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA, and may also be analyzed to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of brain diseases. This review covers the exhaustive classification and characterization of BNVs and pathophysiological roles involved in various brain diseases, and emphatically focuses on nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for brain disease theranostics, including various diagnosis strategies and precise therapeutic regulations (e.g., immunity regulation, disordered protein clearance, anti-neuroinflammation, neuroregeneration, angiogenesis, and the gut-brain axis regulation). The remaining challenges and future perspectives regarding the nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases are also discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fuming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gege Wu
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fangfang Cao
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jingyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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19
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Chen L, Yang G, Qu F. Advances of aptamer-based small-molecules sensors in body fluids detection. Talanta 2024; 268:125348. [PMID: 37925822 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of aptamer-based sensing has evolved considerably over the past three decades. The aptamer sensor-based detection of small-molecule targets in body fluids is designed for real-time or rapid, low-cost, non- or minimally invasive tracking and diagnosis of human health status. It can be achieved by specifically monitoring biomarkers or metabolites excreted from various body fluids, including blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, ect. This article reviews a comprehensive collection of aptamer-based sensors for detecting small-molecule in various body fluids. A comparative analysis of aptamer features, emerging chemistry, advanced sensing materials, transduction techniques, and detection performance is conducted, and the strengths and pitfalls of each approach are discussed. Finally, the development process and application challenges of aptamer-based sensors in the detection of small-molecule in body fluids are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ge Yang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Feng Qu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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20
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Qin X, Wei B, Xiang Y, Lu H, Liu F, Li X, Yang F. Exosome-tuned MOF signal amplifier boosting tumor exosome phenotyping with high-affinity nanostars. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 245:115828. [PMID: 37976982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The natural phospholipid structure imparts exosomes with not only cargo protection, but rich sites for coordination with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to assemble functional nanocomplexes, such as signal amplifiers. Here, we exploit exosomes to tune MOF signal amplifiers (Exo-MOF) for ultrasensitive phenotyping of tumor-derived exosomes (tExo) based on self-driven coordination assembly and high-affinity nanostars. Exo-MOF leverages the specific coordination interaction between exosome and MOF that cages abundant redox molecules to assemble a super-redox signal amplifier. Moreover, the dispersed immuno-magnetic nanostars, which are assembled with antibodies on the surface of Au nanostars-coated magnetic nanoparticles, allow for rapid capturing of target tExo, addressing the limited mass transfer on electrode surface. Both Exo-MOF and high-affinity nanostars orchestrate the ultrahigh sensitivity (1 particle per 100 μL, higher than that no Exo-MOF by at least 10-fold), specificity and speed of the sensor in tExo detection. Such a sensitive strategy allows profiling tExo across seven cancer types, and revealing the distinct exosomal surface expression patterns. Further, the Exo-MOF sensor accurately distinguishes cancer patients from healthy individuals in a clinical cohort, and provides new opportunities for functional materials assembly and precision diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Binqi Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yuanhang Xiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Fengfei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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21
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Li J, Li Y, Li Q, Sun L, Tan Q, Zheng L, Lu Y, Zhu J, Qu F, Tan W. An Aptamer-Based Nanoflow Cytometry Method for the Molecular Detection and Classification of Ovarian Cancers through Profiling of Tumor Markers on Small Extracellular Vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314262. [PMID: 38012811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular profiling of protein markers on small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) is a promising strategy for the precise detection and classification of ovarian cancers. However, this strategy is challenging owing to the lack of simple and practical detection methods. In this work, using an aptamer-based nanoflow cytometry (nFCM) detection strategy, a simple and rapid method for the molecular profiling of multiple protein markers on sEVs was developed. The protein markers can be easily labeled with aptamer probes and then rapidly profiled by nFCM. Seven cancer-associated protein markers, including CA125, STIP1, CD24, EpCAM, EGFR, MUC1, and HER2, on plasma sEVs were profiled for the molecular detection and classification of ovarian cancers. Profiling these seven protein markers enabled the precise detection of ovarian cancer with a high accuracy of 94.2 %. In addition, combined with machine learning algorithms, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest (RF), the molecular classifications of ovarian cancer cell lines and subtypes were achieved with overall accuracies of 82.9 % and 55.4 %, respectively. Therefore, this simple, rapid, and non-invasive method exhibited considerable potential for the auxiliary diagnosis and molecular classification of ovarian cancers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Tan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Liyan Zheng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/ Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengli Qu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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22
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Sun Z, Zhang B, Tu H, Pan C, Chai Y, Chen W. Advances in colorimetric biosensors of exosomes: novel approaches based on natural enzymes and nanozymes. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1005-1024. [PMID: 38117141 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05459d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are 30-150 nm vesicles derived from diverse cell types, serving as one of the most important biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. However, the conventional detection method for exosomes faces significant challenges, such as unsatisfactory sensitivity, complicated operation, and the requirement of complicated devices. In recent years, colorimetric exosome biosensors with a visual readout underwent rapid development due to the advances in natural enzyme-based assays and the integration of various types of nanozymes. These synthetic nanomaterials show unique physiochemical properties and catalytic abilities, enabling the construction of exosome colorimetric biosensors with novel principles. This review will illustrate the reaction mechanisms and properties of natural enzymes and nanozymes, followed by a detailed introduction of the recent advances in both types of enzyme-based colorimetric biosensors. A comparison between natural enzymes and nanozymes is made to provide insights into the research that improves the sensitivity and convenience of assays. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future directions of enzymes as well as exosome colorimetric biosensors are highlighted, aiming at improving the overall performance from different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Binmao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hangjia Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Chuye Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yujuan Chai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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23
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Zhou X, Tang W, Zhang Y, Deng A, Guo Y, Qian L. Liposome-exosome hybrids for in situ detection of exosomal miR-1246 in breast cancer. Analyst 2024; 149:403-409. [PMID: 38058177 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01600e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that exosomal miRNAs are potential biomarkers for cancer monitoring. An urgent need remains for the in situ detection of exosomal miRNAs at low concentrations without destroying the exosome structure. In the present study, a novel sensitive exosomal miR-1246 in situ detection strategy has been developed by integrating the CRISPR/Cas13a system with the formation of hybrids between exosomes and cationic liposomes. The liposomes were loaded with CRISPR/Cas13a, CRISPR RNA (crRNA), and RNA reporter probes. In the presence of exosomes, the liposome-exosome hybrids were formed through electrostatic interactions, and CRISPR/Cas13a was activated to cleave the reporter probes by exosomal miR-1246. The acquired fluorescence signal showed a linear response to the logarithm of MCF-7 exosome concentrations, indicating a quantitative response to exosomal miR-1246. The regression equation is y = 5021 log C - 9976 (R2 = 0.9985) with a limit of detection of 3 × 102 particles per mL. This strategy could not only be used to detect serum exosomal miR-1246 in breast cancer patients but also to distinguish early form advanced disease. This strategy can be exploited in future exosomal miRNA analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Wenting Tang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Aidong Deng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Yuehua Guo
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
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24
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Liu X, Cheng H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ge L, Huang Y, Li F. Immobilization-free dual-aptamer-based photoelectrochemical platform for ultrasensitive exosome assay. Talanta 2024; 266:125001. [PMID: 37517342 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, involved in cancer-specific biological processes, are promising noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer. Herein, an immobilization-free dual-aptamer-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was proposed for the enrichment and quantification of cancer exosome based on photoactive bismuch oxyiodide/gold/cadmium sulfide (BiOI/Au/CdS) composites, nucleic acid-based recognition and signal amplification. In this biosensor, the recognition of exosome by two aptamers would trigger the deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) enzyme-aided polymerization, leading to the enrichment of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on Fe3O4 surface. After magnetic separation, ALP could catalyze the generation of ascorbic acid (AA) as electron donor and initiate the following redox cycle reaction for further signal amplification. Furthermore, all the above processes were performed in solution, the recognition and signal amplification efficiency would be superior than the heterogeneous strategy owing to the avoidance of steric hindrance effect. As a result, the proposed PEC biosensor was capable of enriching and detecting of cancer exosomes with high sensitivity and selectivity. The linear range of the biosensor was from 1.0 × 102 particles·μL-1 to 1.0 × 106 particles·μL-1 and the detection limit was estimated to be 21 particles·μL-1. Therefore, the proposed PEC biosensor holds great promise in quantifying tumor exosome for nondestructive early clinical cancer diagnosis and various other bioassay applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Cheng
- College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuecan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ge
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Huang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Yang X, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Wang H, Yun Y, Sun Y, Xie H, Bogdanov B, Senyushkin P, Chi J, Lian Z, Wu D, Su M, Song Y. Printed Divisional Optical Biochip for Multiplex Visualizable Exosome Analysis at Point-of-Care. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304935. [PMID: 37589665 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of various exosomes is of great significance in early diagnosis and postoperative monitoring of cancers. Here, a divisional optical biochip is reported for multiplex exosome analysis via combining the self-assembly of nanochains and precise surface patterning. Arising from resonance-induced near-field enhancement, the nanochains show distinct color changes after capturing target exosomes for direct visual detection. Then, a series of divisional nanochain-based biochips conjugated with several specific antibodies are fabricated through designed hydrophilic and hydrophobic patterns. Because of the significant wettability difference, one sample droplet is precisely self-splitting into several microdroplets enabling simultaneous identification of multiple target exosomes in 30 min with a sensitivity of 6 × 107 particles mL-1 , which is about two orders lower than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apart from the trace amount detection, excellent semiquantitative capability is demonstrated to distinguish clinical exosomes from glioblastoma patients and healthy people. This method is simple, versatile, and highly efficient that can be extended as a diagnostic tool for many diseases, promoting the development of liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yun
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yali Sun
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Hongfei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bogdan Bogdanov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Pavel Senyushkin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Jimei Chi
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Lian
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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26
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Zhang G, Wang Y, Zhou W, Lei Y, Lu J, Yin W, Zhu Z, Yang C, Zhang P. A Magnetically Driven Tandem Chip Enables Rapid Isolation and Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315113. [PMID: 37937998 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The protein phenotypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, the technical challenges in rapid isolation and multiplexed molecular detection of EVs have limited their clinical practice. Herein, we developed a magnetically driven tandem chip to achieve streamlined rapid isolation and multiplexed profiling of surface protein biomarkers of EVs. Driven by magnetic force, the magnetic nanomixers not only act as tiny stir bars to promote mass transfer and enhance reaction efficiency of EVs, but also transport on communicating vessels of the tandem chip continuously and expedite the assay workflow. We designed cyclic surface enhancement of Raman scattering (SERS) tags to bind with target EVs and then release them by exonuclease I, eliminating steric hindrance and amplifying the SERS signal of multiple protein biomarkers on EVs. Due to the excellent assay performance, six breast cancer biomarkers were detected simultaneously on EVs using only 10 μL plasma within 1.5 h. The unweighted SUM signature offers great accuracy in discriminating breast cancer patients from healthy donors. Overall, the dynamic magnetic driving tandem chip offers a new avenue to advance the clinical application of EV-based liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weihang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanmei Lei
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jinsong Lu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wenjin Yin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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27
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Wang P, Ding L, Zhang Y, Jiang X. A Novel Aptamer Biosensor Based on a Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing Chip for High-Sensitivity and Rapid Enrofloxacin Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1027. [PMID: 38131787 PMCID: PMC10741520 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Enrofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone widely used in animal husbandry, presents environmental and human health hazards due to its stability and incomplete hydrolysis leading to residue accumulation. To address this concern, a highly sensitive aptamer biosensor utilizing a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing chip and microfluidic technology was developed for rapid enrofloxacin residue detection. AuNPs were prepared by the seed method and the AuNPs-Apt complexes were immobilized on the chip by the sulfhydryl groups modified on the end of the aptamer. The properties and morphologies of the sensing chip and AuNPs-Apt complexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The sensing chip was able to detect enrofloxacin in the range of 0.01-100 ng/mL with good linearity, and the relationship between the response of the sensing chip and the concentration was Δλ (nm) = 1.288log ConENR (ng/mL) + 5.245 (R2 = 0.99), with the limit of detection being 0.001 ng/mL. The anti-interference, repeatability, and selectivity of this sensing chip were studied in detail. Compared with other sensors, this novel aptamer biosensor based on AuNPs-Apt complexes is expected to achieve simple, stable, and economical application in the field of enrofloxacin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Liyun Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Yumei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xingdong Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
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28
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Liu X, Wang Y, Peng Y, Shi J, Chen W, Wang W, Ma X. Urease-Powered Micromotors with Spatially Selective Distribution of Enzymes for Capturing and Sensing Exosomes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24343-24354. [PMID: 38038995 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-catalyzed micro/nanomotors (MNMs) exhibit tremendous potential for biological isolation and sensing, because of their biocompatibility, versatility, and ready access to biofuel. However, flow field generated by enzyme-catalyzed reactions might significantly hinder performance of surface-linked functional moieties, e.g., the binding interaction between MNMs and target cargos. Herein, we develop enzymatic micromotors with spatially selective distribution of urease to enable the independent operation of various modules and facilitate the capture and sensing of exosomes. When urease is modified into the motors' cavity, the flow field from enzyme catalysis has little effect on the exterior surface of the motors. The active motion and encapsulating urease internally result in enhancement of ∼35% and 18% in binding efficiency of target cargos, e.g., exosomes as an example here, compared to their static counterparts and moving micromotors with urease modified externally, respectively. Once exosomes are trapped, they can be transferred to a clean environment by the motors for Raman signal detection and/or identification using the surface Raman enhancement scattering (SERS) effect of coated gold nanoshell. The biocatalytic micromotors, achieving spatial separation between driving module and function module, offer considerable promise for future design of multifunctional MNMs in biomedicine and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yixin Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
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29
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Shi L, Cai H, Wang H, Wang Q, Shi L, Li T. Proximity-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Sensing Platform for Effective Capturing of Exosomes and Probing Internal MicroRNAs Involved in Cancer Cell Apoptosis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17662-17669. [PMID: 37991490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in many cellular processes, and so how to probe them has attracted increasing interest. Here we propose an aptamer-functionalized dimeric framework nucleic acid (FNA) nanoplatform for effective capture of exosomes and directly probing internal miRNAs with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection, not requiring RNA extraction in conventional counterparts. A CD63 protein-binding aptamer is tethered to one of the FNA structures, allowing exosomes to be immobilized there and release internal miRNAs after lysis. The target miRNA induces the formation of a Y-shaped junction on another FNA structure in a close proximity state, which benefits the loading of covalently hemin-modified spherical nucleic acid enzymes for enhanced ECL readout in the luminol-H2O2 system. In this facile way, the ultrasensitive detection of exosomal miR-21 from cancer cells is accomplished and then used for cell apoptosis analysis, indicating that the oncogene miR-21 negatively participates in the regulation of the apoptotic process; namely, downregulating the miR-21 level is unbeneficial for cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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30
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Liu MS, Zhong SS, Jiang S, Wang T, Zhang KH. Bibliometric analysis of aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for diagnosis in the last two decades. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:055102. [PMID: 37879319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad06d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for diagnosis have recently gained increasing attention. Here, we performed a bibliometric analysis to provide an overview of this field over the past two decades.Methods. The terms 'aptamer, nanoparticles and diagnosis' were used to search for relevant original articles published in English from 2003 to 2022 in the Web of Science database. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were employed to analyze the development process, knowledge structure, research hotspots, and potential trends in the field of aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for diagnosis.Results. A total of 1076 original articles were retrieved, with a rapid increase in the annual output and citation. The journal 'Biosensors and Bioelectronics' has contributed the most in this field, and the most influential researcher, institution and country were Weihong Tan, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, respectively. Gold nanoparticles and quantum dots were the most used, but in the past three years, research hotspots focused on carbon dots and graphene quantum dots. Diagnostic directions primarily focused on cancer. The most used strategy was label-free electrochemical detection, but in the past two years, colorimetric analysis and fluorescence imaging emerged as hot topics.Conclusion.The bibliometric analysis reveals a rapid increase in the research on aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for diagnosis, major contributors at the levels of journals, authors, institutions, and countries, and research preferences in diagnostic objects, nanoparticle types, and detection methods, as well as the evolution of research hotspots and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Si Zhong
- Department of Quality and Safety Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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31
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Matteoli G, Luin S, Bellucci L, Nifosì R, Beltram F, Signore G. Aptamer-based gold nanoparticle aggregates for ultrasensitive amplification-free detection of PSMA. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19926. [PMID: 37968295 PMCID: PMC10651859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis is one of the most important factors in determining the prognosis in cancer. Sensitive detection and quantification of tumour-specific biomarkers have the potential to improve significantly our diagnostic capability. Here, we introduce a triggerable aptamer-based nanostructure based on an oligonucleotide/gold nanoparticle architecture that selectively disassembles in the presence of the biomarker of interest; its optimization is based also on in-silico determination of the aptamer nucleotides interactions with the protein of interest. We demonstrate this scheme for the case of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) and PSMA derived from PSMA-positive exosomes. We tested the disassembly of the system by diameter and count rate measurements in dynamic light scattering, and by inspection of its plasmon resonance shift, upon addition of PSMA, finding appreciable differences down to the sub-picomolar range; this points towards the possibility that this approach may lead to sensors competitive with diagnostic biochemical assays that require enzymatic amplification. More generally, this scheme has the potential to be applied to a broad range of pathologies with specific identified biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Matteoli
- Fondazione Pisana Per La Scienza ONLUS, Via Ferruccio Giovanetti 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy
- National Enterprise for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NEST), Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Luin
- National Enterprise for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NEST), Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luca Bellucci
- National Enterprise for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NEST), Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nifosì
- National Enterprise for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NEST), Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- National Enterprise for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NEST), Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Signore
- Fondazione Pisana Per La Scienza ONLUS, Via Ferruccio Giovanetti 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy.
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via san Zeno 51, 56123, Pisa, Italy.
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Cheng W, Yao Y, Li D, Duan C, Wang Z, Xiang Y. Asymmetrically split DNAzyme-based colorimetric and electrochemical dual-modal biosensor for detection of breast cancer exosomal surface proteins. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 238:115552. [PMID: 37542978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal surface proteins are potentially useful for breast cancer diagnosis and awareness of risk. However, some detection techniques involving complex operations and expensive instrumentation are limited to advance to clinical applications. To solve this problem, we develop a dual-modal sensor combining naked-eye detection and electrochemical assay of exosomal surface proteins from breast cancer. Most of existing sensors rely on aptamers recognizing exosomes and generating amplified signals at the same time, which require well-designed aptamer probes to avoid difficulties in identifying exosomes. In our work, aptamers not bound by the exosomes can serve as complete templates to induce formation of G quadruplexes. The peroxidase activity of the G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme catalyze substrates can generate both color and electrochemical signals. The developed dual-modal sensor offers a remarkable capability to differentiate nonmetastatic, metastatic breast cancer patients, and healthy individuals through the analysis of exosomal surface proteins. The sensor's distinctive features, including its universality, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness, position it as a promising diagnostic tool in breast cancer research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yanheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chengjie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhongyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
| | - Yang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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Ma Z, Xu H, Ye BC. Recent progress in quantitative technologies for the analysis of cancer-related exosome proteins. Analyst 2023; 148:4954-4966. [PMID: 37721099 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01228j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a kind of extracellular vesicles, which play a significant role in intercellular communication and molecular exchange. Cancer-derived exosomes are potential and ideal biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of cancers because of their abundant biological information and contribution to the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. However, there are a number of drawbacks, such as low sensitivity and tedious steps, in conventional detection techniques. Furthermore, exosome quantification is not enough to accurately distinguish cancer patients from healthy individuals. Therefore, developing efficient, accurate, and inexpensive exosome surface protein analysis techniques is necessary and critical. In recent years, a considerable number of researchers have presented novel detection strategies in this field. This review summarizes the recent progress in quantitative technologies for the analysis of cancer-related exosome proteins, mainly including the detection methods based on aptamers, nanomaterials, and antibodies, discusses a roadmap for future developments, and aims to offer an innovative perspective of exosome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Ma
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Huiying Xu
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Rabiee N, Chen S, Ahmadi S, Veedu RN. Aptamer-engineered (nano)materials for theranostic applications. Theranostics 2023; 13:5183-5206. [PMID: 37908725 PMCID: PMC10614690 DOI: 10.7150/thno.85419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A diverse array of organic and inorganic materials, including nanomaterials, has been extensively employed in multifunctional biomedical applications. These applications encompass drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, biosensors, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, and combinatorial sciences. Surface and bulk engineering of these materials, by incorporating biomolecules and aptamers, offers several advantages such as decreased cytotoxicity, improved stability, enhanced selectivity/sensitivity toward specific targets, and expanded multifunctional capabilities. In this comprehensive review, we specifically focus on aptamer-modified engineered materials for diverse biomedical applications. We delve into their mechanisms, advantages, and challenges, and provide an in-depth analysis of relevant literature references. This critical evaluation aims to enhance the scientific community's understanding of this field and inspire new ideas for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Suxiang Chen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rakesh N. Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Sonbhadra S, Mehak, Pandey LM. Biogenesis, Isolation, and Detection of Exosomes and Their Potential in Therapeutics and Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:802. [PMID: 37622888 PMCID: PMC10452587 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The increasing research and rapid developments in the field of exosomes provide insights into their role and significance in human health. Exosomes derived from various sources, such as mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac cells, and tumor cells, to name a few, can be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases and could also serve as biomarkers for the early detection of diseases. Cellular components of exosomes, several proteins, lipids, and miRNAs hold promise as novel biomarkers for the detection of various diseases. The structure of exosomes enables them as drug delivery vehicles. Since exosomes exhibit potential therapeutic applications, their efficient isolation from complex biological/clinical samples and precise real-time analysis becomes significant. With the advent of microfluidics, nano-biosensors are being designed to capture exosomes efficiently and rapidly. Herein, we have summarized the history, biogenesis, characteristics, functions, and applications of exosomes, along with the isolation, detection, and quantification techniques. The implications of surface modifications to enhance specificity have been outlined. The review also sheds light on the engineered nanoplatforms being developed for exosome detection and capture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lalit M. Pandey
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.S.); (M.)
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Zhu J, Sun W, Yao Y, Guo Z, Li Q, Li Z, Jiang L, Zuo S, Liu S, Huang J, Wang Y. Combination of specific proteins as markers for accurate detection of extracellular vesicles using proximity ligation-mediated bHCR amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341322. [PMID: 37257980 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As the molecular characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer, the detection of tumor-derived EVs provides a promising non-invasive tool for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, it would be difficult for most of the existing methods to avoid false positives because the obtained result declares the amounts of proteins, but cannot accurately reflect the protein sources, including EV proteins and interfering proteins, in the actual samples. In this manuscript, a robust, accurate, and sensitive fluorescent strategy for profiling EV proteins is developed by using the combination of specific proteins as markers (Co-marker). Our strategy relies on the Co-marker recognition-activated cascade bHCR amplification, which forms numerous G-quadruplex structures that are integrated with fluorescent dyes for signal transduction. Notably, the detection accuracy can be improved owing to the effective avoidance of false positives from interfering proteins or single protein markers. Moreover, by using the double-positive protein recognition mode, unpurified detection can be achieved that avoids time-consuming EVs purification procedures. With its capacities of accuracy, portability, sensitivity, high throughput, and non-purification, the developed strategy might provide a practical tool for EV identification and the related early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Yuying Yao
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Qianru Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Zongqiang Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Long Jiang
- Qingdao Spring Water-treatment Co, Ltd, Qingdao, 266000, PR China
| | - Shangci Zuo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Su Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Jiadong Huang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
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37
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Mahmoodpour M, Kiasari BA, Karimi M, Abroshan A, Shamshirian D, Hosseinalizadeh H, Delavari A, Mirzei H. Paper-based biosensors as point-of-care diagnostic devices for the detection of cancers: a review of innovative techniques and clinical applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1131435. [PMID: 37456253 PMCID: PMC10348714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1131435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and rapid progression of cancer are major social problems. Medical diagnostic techniques and smooth clinical care of cancer are new necessities that must be supported by innovative diagnostic methods and technologies. Current molecular diagnostic tools based on the detection of blood protein markers are the most common tools for cancer diagnosis. Biosensors have already proven to be a cost-effective and accessible diagnostic tool that can be used where conventional laboratory methods are not readily available. Paper-based biosensors offer a new look at the world of analytical techniques by overcoming limitations through the creation of a simple device with significant advantages such as adaptability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of use, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, we covered the characteristics of exosomes and their role in tumor growth and clinical diagnosis, followed by a discussion of various paper-based biosensors for exosome detection, such as dipsticks, lateral flow assays (LFA), and microfluidic paper-based devices (µPADs). We also discussed the various clinical studies on paper-based biosensors for exosome detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mahmoodpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Merat Karimi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arezou Abroshan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Danial Shamshirian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Delavari
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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38
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Wang X, Dai C, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wei D. Molecular-electromechanical system for unamplified detection of trace analytes in biofluids. Nat Protoc 2023:10.1038/s41596-023-00830-x. [PMID: 37208410 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biological research and diagnostic applications normally require analysis of trace analytes in biofluids. Although considerable advancements have been made in developing precise molecular assays, the trade-off between sensitivity and ability to resist non-specific adsorption remains a challenge. Here, we describe the implementation of a testing platform based on a molecular-electromechanical system (MolEMS) immobilized on graphene field-effect transistors. A MolEMS is a self-assembled DNA nanostructure, containing a stiff tetrahedral base and a flexible single-stranded DNA cantilever. Electromechanical actuation of the cantilever modulates sensing events close to the transistor channel, improving signal-transduction efficiency, while the stiff base prevents non-specific adsorption of background molecules present in biofluids. A MolEMS realizes unamplified detection of proteins, ions, small molecules and nucleic acids within minutes and has a limit of detection of several copies in 100 μl of testing solution, offering an assay methodology with wide-ranging applications. In this protocol, we provide step-by-step procedures for MolEMS design and assemblage, sensor manufacture and operation of a MolEMS in several applications. We also describe adaptations to construct a portable detection platform. It takes ~18 h to construct the device and ~4 min to finish the testing from sample addition to result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yungeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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39
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Diao X, Li X, Hou S, Li H, Qi G, Jin Y. Machine Learning-Based Label-Free SERS Profiling of Exosomes for Accurate Fuzzy Diagnosis of Cancer and Dynamic Monitoring of Drug Therapeutic Processes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7552-7559. [PMID: 37139959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, which can be used as promising noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially cancer. However, due to the heterogeneity of exosomes, it remains a grand challenge to distinguish accurately and reliably exosomes from clinical samples. Herein, we achieve accurate fuzzy discrimination of exosomes from human serum samples for accurate diagnosis of breast cancer and cervical cancer through machine learning-based label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), by using "hot spot" rich 3D plasmonic AuNPs nanomembranes as substrates. Due to the existence of some weak distinguishable SERS fingerprint signals and the high sensitivity of the method, the machine learning-based SERS analysis can precisely identify three (normal and cancerous) cell lines, two of which are different types of cancer cells, without specific labeling of biomarkers. The prediction accuracy based on the machine learning algorithm was up to 91.1% for the discrimination of different cell lines (H8, HeLa, and MCF-7 cell)-derived exosomes. Our model trained with SERS spectra of cell-derived exosomes could reach 93.3% prediction accuracy for clinical samples. Furthermore, the action mechanism of the chemotherapeutic process of MCF-7 cells can be revealed by dynamic monitoring of SERS profiling of the exosomes secreted. The method would be useful for noninvasive and accurate diagnosis and postoperative assessment of cancer or other diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkang Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinli Li
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haijuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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40
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Brezgin S, Parodi A, Kostyusheva A, Ponomareva N, Lukashev A, Sokolova D, Pokrovsky VS, Slatinskaya O, Maksimov G, Zamyatnin AA, Chulanov V, Kostyushev D. Technological aspects of manufacturing and analytical control of biological nanoparticles. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108122. [PMID: 36813011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived biological nanoparticles that gained great interest for drug delivery. EVs have numerous advantages compared to synthetic nanoparticles, such as ideal biocompatibility, safety, ability to cross biological barriers and surface modification via genetic or chemical methods. On the other hand, the translation and the study of these carriers resulted difficult, mostly because of significant issues in up-scaling, synthesis and impractical methods of quality control. However, current manufacturing advances enable EV packaging with any therapeutic cargo, including DNA, RNA (for RNA vaccines and RNA therapeutics), proteins, peptides, RNA-protein complexes (including gene-editing complexes) and small molecules drugs. To date, an array of new and upgraded technologies have been introduced, substantially improving EV production, isolation, characterization and standardization. The used-to-be "gold standards" of EV manufacturing are now outdated, and the state-of-art requires extensive revision. This review re-evaluates the pipeline for EV industrial production and provides a critical overview of the modern technologies required for their synthesis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Brezgin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | | | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Natalia Ponomareva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Alexander Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Darina Sokolova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; People's Friendship University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; People's Friendship University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Olga Slatinskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Georgy Maksimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; National Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia.
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41
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Khaksari S, Abnous K, Hadizadeh F, Ramezani M, Taghdisi SM, Mousavi Shaegh SA. Signal amplification strategies in biosensing of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Talanta 2023; 256:124244. [PMID: 36640707 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted from mammalian cells. EVs act as multicomponent delivery vehicles to carry a wide variety of biological molecular information and participate in intercellular communications. Since elevated levels of EVs are associated with some pathological states such as inflammatory diseases and cancers, probing circulating EVs holds a great potential for early diagnostics. To this end, several detection methods have been developed in which biosensors have attracted great attentions in identification of EVs due to their simple instrumentation, versatile design and portability for point-of-care applications. The concentrations of EVs in bodily fluids are extremely low (i.e. 1-100 per μl) at early stages of a disease, which necessitates the use of signal amplification strategies for EVs detection. In this way, this review presents and discusses various amplification strategies for EVs biosensors based on detection modalities including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), calorimetry, fluorescence, electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). In addition, microfluidic systems employed for signal amplification are reviewed and discussed in terms of their design and integration with the detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedighe Khaksari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, Bu Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Clinical Research Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, Bu Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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42
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Nie Y, Wang P, Wang S, Ma Q, Su X. Accurate Capture and Identification of Exosomes: Nanoarchitecture of the MXene Heterostructure/Engineered Lipid Layer. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1850-1857. [PMID: 37114431 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, exosome detection has become an important breakthrough in clinical diagnosis. However, the effective capture and accurate identification of cancer exosomes in a complex biomatrix are still a tough task. Especially, the large size and non-conductivity of exosomes are not conducive to highly sensitive electrochemical or electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection. Therefore, we have developed a Ti3C2Tx-Bi2S3-x heterostructure/engineered lipid layer-based nanoarchitecture to overcome the limitations. The engineered lipid layer not only specifically captured and efficiently fused CD63 positive exosomes but also showed excellent antifouling property in the biological matrix. Moreover, the MUC1 aptamer-modified Ti3C2Tx-Bi2S3-x heterostructure further identified and covered the gastric cancer exosomes that have been trapped in the engineered lipid layer. In the self-luminous Faraday cage-type sensing system, the Ti3C2Tx-Bi2S3-x heterostructure with sulfur vacancies extended the outer Helmholtz plane and amplified the ECL signal. Therefore, this sensor can be used to detect tumor exosomes in ascites of cancer patients without additional purification. It provides a new pathway to detect exosomes and other large-sized vesicles with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Nie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xingguang Su
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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43
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Natalia A, Zhang L, Sundah NR, Zhang Y, Shao H. Analytical device miniaturization for the detection of circulating biomarkers. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:1-18. [PMID: 37359772 PMCID: PMC10064972 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Diverse (sub)cellular materials are secreted by cells into the systemic circulation at different stages of disease progression. These circulating biomarkers include whole cells, such as circulating tumour cells, subcellular extracellular vesicles and cell-free factors such as DNA, RNA and proteins. The biophysical and biomolecular state of circulating biomarkers carry a rich repertoire of molecular information that can be captured in the form of liquid biopsies for disease detection and monitoring. In this Review, we discuss miniaturized platforms that allow the minimally invasive and rapid detection and analysis of circulating biomarkers, accounting for their differences in size, concentration and molecular composition. We examine differently scaled materials and devices that can enrich, measure and analyse specific circulating biomarkers, outlining their distinct detection challenges. Finally, we highlight emerging opportunities in biomarker and device integration and provide key future milestones for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auginia Natalia
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noah R. Sundah
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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44
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Microporous PdCuB nanotag-based electrochemical aptasensor with Au@CuCl 2 nanowires interface for ultrasensitive detection of PD-L1-positive exosomes in the serum of lung cancer patients. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:86. [PMID: 36906540 PMCID: PMC10008610 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 protein-positive (PD-L1+) exosomes have been found to be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the development of highly sensitive detection technique for PD-L1+ exosomes is still a challenge in clinical applications. Herein, a sandwich electrochemical aptasensor based on ternary metal-metalloid palladium-copper-boron alloy microporous nanospheres (PdCuB MNs) and Au@CuCl2 nanowires (NWs) was designed for the detection of PD-L1+ exosomes. The excellent peroxidase-like catalytic activity of PdCuB MNs and the high conductivity of Au@CuCl2 NWs endow the fabricated aptasensor with intense electrochemical signal, thus enabling the detection of low abundance exosomes. The analytical results revealed that the aptasensor maintained favorable linearity over a wide concentration range of 6 orders of magnitude and reached a low detection limit of 36 particles/mL. The aptasensor is successfully applied to the analysis of complex serum samples and achieves the accurate identification of clinical NSCLC patients. Overall, the developed electrochemical aptasensor provides a powerful tool for early diagnosis of NSCLC.
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45
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Kowalczyk A, Nisiewicz MK, Bamburowicz-Klimkowska M, Kasprzak A, Ruzycka-Ayoush M, Koszytkowska-Stawińska M, Nowicka AM. Effective voltammetric tool for simultaneous detection of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9; important non-small cell lung cancer biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 229:115212. [PMID: 36958204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers can allow to reduce the costs of medical diagnostics, and thus improve the accuracy and effectiveness of disease diagnosis and prognosis. Here, for the first time, we present a low-cost, simple, and rapid method for simultaneous detection of three matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9) that play important roles in the progression of lung cancer. The sensor matrix was constructed using a G2 polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) containing amino, carboxyl, and sulfhydryl groups. The recognition process was based on specific enzymatic cleavage of the Gly-Ile peptide bond by MMP-1, Gly-Leu bond by MMP-2, and Gly-Met bond by MMP-9, and monitoring was done by square wave voltammetry. The activity of metalloproteinases was detected based on the change of current signals of redox receptors (dipeptides labeled with electroactive compounds) covalently anchored onto the electrode surface. The conditions of the biosensor construction, including the concentration of receptors on the sensor surface and the time of interaction of the receptor with the analyte, were carefully optimized. Under optimal conditions, the linear response of the developed method ranged from 1.0⋅10-8 to 1.0 mg⋅L-1, and the limit of detection for MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 was 0.35, 0.62, and 1.10 fg⋅mL-1, respectively. The constructed biosensor enabled us to efficiently profile the levels of active forms of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in tissue samples (plasma and lung and tumor extracts). Thus, the developed biosensor can aid in the early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika K Nisiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Str. 3, PL 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, PL 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Kasprzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Str. 3, PL 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ruzycka-Ayoush
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, PL 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna M Nowicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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Su X, Liu X, Xie Y, Chen M, Zheng C, Zhong H, Li M. Integrated SERS-Vertical Flow Biosensor Enabling Multiplexed Quantitative Profiling of Serological Exosomal Proteins in Patients for Accurate Breast Cancer Subtyping. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4077-4088. [PMID: 36758150 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein profiles of exosomes (EXOs) in clinical samples of cancer patients have become a promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker. However, simultaneous quantitative analysis of multiple exosomal proteins of interest remains challenging. To address the unmet need, we develop a paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-vertical flow biosensor, named iREX (integrated Raman spectroscopic EXO) biosensor, for multiplexed quantitative profiling of exosomal proteins in clinical serum samples of patients. Utilizing this iREX biosensor, we are able to quantitatively profile MUC1, HER2 and CEA in EXO samples derived from various breast cancer cell subtypes. The results show discriminative expression profiles of the three exosomal proteins in these cell subtypes, which allows for accurate diagnosis and molecular subtyping of breast cancer. We further validate the clinical utility of the iREX biosensor for simultaneous quantitative analysis of MUC1, HER2 and CEA in patient's blood serums, thereby aiding in noninvasive breast cancer subtyping and longitudinal treatment monitoring. Our iREX biosensor integrating the SERS detection in a vertical flow diagnostic device offers great advantages of high sensitivity, molecular specificity, powerful multiplexing capability, and high diagnostic accuracy. We believe that the iREX biosensor could be a promising clinical tool for comprehensive analysis of exosomal proteins in clinical samples for personalized diagnosis and precise management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yangcenzi Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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47
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Zhang Q, Ma R, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Xu Z. Dual-Aptamer-Assisted Ratiometric SERS Biosensor for Ultrasensitive and Precise Identification of Breast Cancer Exosomes. ACS Sens 2023; 8:875-883. [PMID: 36722734 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the heterogeneity of breast cancer, its early accurate diagnosis remains a challenge. Exosomes carry abundant genetic materials and proteins and are ideal biomarkers for early cancer detection. Herein, a ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensor for exosome detection was constructed using a regularly arranged Au@Ag nanoparticles/graphene oxide (Au@Ag NPs/GO) substrate with 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) molecules as an internal standard. Aptamers of two overexpressed proteins (epithelial cell adhesion molecule and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) were linked by a short complementary DNA with rhodamine X modified at the 3'-terminal to form V-shaped double-stranded DNA, which attached to the surface of Au@Ag NPs/GO substrate for the selective recognition of breast cancer cell-derived exosomes. In the presence of exosomes, a competitive reaction occurred, resulting in the formation of the V-shaped double-stranded DNA/exosomes complex, and the V-shaped double-stranded DNA separated from the SERS substrate. The SERS signal of rhodamine X on the V-shaped double-stranded DNA decreased with the concentration of exosomes increasing, whereas the SERS signal of 4-NTP on the substrate remained stable. The ratiometric SERS strategy provides huge electromagnetic enhancement and abundant DNA adsorbing sites on the GO layer, achieving a wide detection range of 2.7 × 102 to 2.7 × 108 particles/mL and an ultralow limit of detection down to 1.5 × 102 particles/mL, without the requirement of any nucleic acid amplification. Particularly, the proposed method has significant applications in early cancer diagnosis as it can accurately identify breast cancer cell-derived exosomes in clinical serum samples and can differentiate pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Ruofei Ma
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Zhangrun Xu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
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Cheng W, Duan C, Chen Y, Li D, Hou Z, Yao Y, Jiao J, Xiang Y. Highly Sensitive Aptasensor for Detecting Cancerous Exosomes Based on Clover-like Gold Nanoclusters. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3606-3612. [PMID: 36565296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exosome-based liquid biopsy technologies play an increasingly prominent role in tumor diagnosis. However, the simple and sensitive method for counting exosomes still faces considerable challenges. In this work, the CD63 aptamer-modified DNA tetrahedrons on the gold electrode were used as recognition elements for the specific capture of exosomes. Partially complementary DNA probes act as bridges linking trapped exosomes and three AuNP-DNA signal probes. This clover-like structure can tackle the recognition and sensitivity issues arising from the undesired AuNP aggregation event. When cancerous exosomes are present in the system, the high accumulation of methylene blue molecules from DNA-AuNP nanocomposites on the surface of the electrode leads to an intense current signal. According to the results, the aptasensor responds to MCF-7 cell-derived exosomes in the concentration range from 1.0 × 103 to 1.0 × 108 particles·μL-1, with the detection limit of 158 particles·μL-1. Furthermore, the aptasensor has been extended to serum samples from breast cancer patients and exhibited excellent specificity. To sum it up, the aptasensor is sensitive, straightforward, less expensive, and fully capable of receiving widespread application in clinics for tumor monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chengjie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yanheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jin Jiao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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49
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Feng X, Iliuk A, Zhang X, Jia S, Shen A, Zhang W, Hu L, Tao WA. Supramolecular Exosome Array for Efficient Capture and In Situ Detection of Protein Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2812-2821. [PMID: 36625718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are an emerging source for disease biomarker discovery due to the high stability of proteins protected by phospholipid bilayers. However, liquid biopsy with exosomes remains challenging due to the extreme complexity of biological samples. Herein, we introduced an amphiphile-dendrimer supramolecular probe (ADSP) for the efficient capture and high-throughput analysis of exosomes, enabling the array-based assay for marker proteins. Amphiphilic amphotericin B was functionalized onto highly branched globular dendrimers, which can then insert into the exosome membrane efficiently, forming a supramolecular complex through multivalent interactions between the probe and the bilayer of exosomes. The ADSP can be easily coated onto magnetic beads or the nitrocellulose membrane, facilitating the capture of exosomes from a minimum amount of clinical samples. The captured exosomes can be detected with target protein antibodies via Western blotting or in a high-throughput array-based dot blotting format. This new strategy exhibited excellent extraction capability from trace body fluids with superior sensitivity (less than 1 μL plasma), good quantitation ability (R2 > 0.99), and high throughput (96 samples in one batch) using clinical plasma samples. The combination of proteomics and ADSP will provide a platform for the discovery and validation of protein biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun130041, China
| | - Ao Shen
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Lianghai Hu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
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50
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Del Real Mata C, Jeanne O, Jalali M, Lu Y, Mahshid S. Nanostructured-Based Optical Readouts Interfaced with Machine Learning for Identification of Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202123. [PMID: 36443009 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from cancer cells into body fluids, enclosing molecular information about the underlying disease with the potential for being the target cancer biomarker in emerging diagnosis approaches such as liquid biopsy. Still, the study of EVs presents major challenges due to their heterogeneity, complexity, and scarcity. Recently, liquid biopsy platforms have allowed the study of tumor-derived materials, holding great promise for early-stage diagnosis and monitoring of cancer when interfaced with novel adaptations of optical readouts and advanced machine learning analysis. Here, recent advances in labeled and label-free optical techniques such as fluorescence, plasmonic, and chromogenic-based systems interfaced with nanostructured sensors like nanoparticles, nanoholes, and nanowires, and diverse machine learning analyses are reviewed. The adaptability of the different optical methods discussed is compared and insights are provided into prospective avenues for the translation of the technological approaches for cancer diagnosis. It is discussed that the inherent augmented properties of nanostructures enhance the sensitivity of the detection of EVs. It is concluded by reviewing recent integrations of nanostructured-based optical readouts with diverse machine learning models as novel analysis ventures that can potentially increase the capability of the methods to the point of translation into diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Jeanne
- McGill University, Department of Bioengineering, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- McGill University, Department of Bioengineering, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Yao Lu
- McGill University, Department of Bioengineering, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Sara Mahshid
- McGill University, Department of Bioengineering, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
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