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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, González-Gómez M, García MDP, Carrasco-Juan JL, Martín-Vasallo P, Madrid JF, Díaz-Flores L. Phenomena of Intussusceptive Angiogenesis and Intussusceptive Lymphangiogenesis in Blood and Lymphatic Vessel Tumors. Biomedicines 2024; 12:258. [PMID: 38397861 PMCID: PMC10887293 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) and intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis (IL) play a key role in the growth and morphogenesis of vessels. However, there are very few studies in this regard in vessel tumors (VTs). Our objective is to assess the presence, characteristics, and possible mechanisms of the formation of intussusceptive structures in a broad spectrum of VTs. For this purpose, examples of benign and malignant blood and lymphatic VTs were studied via conventional procedures, semithin sections, and immunochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy. The results demonstrated intussusceptive structures (pillars, meshes, and folds) in benign (lobular capillary hemangioma or pyogenic granuloma, intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia or Masson tumor, sinusoidal hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma, glomeruloid hemangioma, angiolipoma, and lymphangiomas), low-grade malignancy (retiform hemangioendothelioma and Dabska tumor), and malignant (angiosarcoma and Kaposi sarcoma) VTs. Intussusceptive structures showed an endothelial cover and a core formed of connective tissue components and presented findings suggesting an origin through vessel loops, endothelialized thrombus, interendothelial bridges, and/or splitting and fusion, and conditioned VT morphology. In conclusion, the findings support the participation of IA and IL, in association with sprouting angiogenesis, in VTs, and therefore in their growth and morphogenesis, which is of pathophysiological interest and lays the groundwork for in-depth molecular studies with therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain (J.-L.C.-J.)
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain (J.-L.C.-J.)
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain (J.-L.C.-J.)
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria del Pino García
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins Megalab-Hospiten Hospitals, 38100 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Jose-Luis Carrasco-Juan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain (J.-L.C.-J.)
| | - Pablo Martín-Vasallo
- Department of Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, University of La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Juan Francisco Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain (J.-L.C.-J.)
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, García MP, González-Gómez M, Díaz-Flores L, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF, Rodríguez Bello A. Comparison of the Behavior of Perivascular Cells (Pericytes and CD34+ Stromal Cell/Telocytes) in Sprouting and Intussusceptive Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169010. [PMID: 36012273 PMCID: PMC9409369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular cells in the pericytic microvasculature, pericytes and CD34+ stromal cells/telocytes (CD34+SCs/TCs), have an important role in angiogenesis. We compare the behavior of these cells depending on whether the growth of endothelial cells (ECs) from the pre-existing microvasculature is toward the interstitium with vascular bud and neovessel formation (sprouting angiogenesis) or toward the vascular lumen with intravascular pillar development and vessel division (intussusceptive angiogenesis). Detachment from the vascular wall, mobilization, proliferation, recruitment, and differentiation of pericytes and CD34+SCs/TCs, as well as associated changes in vessel permeability and functionality, and modifications of the extracellular matrix are more intense, longer lasting over time, and with a greater energy cost in sprouting angiogenesis than in intussusceptive angiogenesis, in which some of the aforementioned events do not occur or are compensated for by others (e.g., sparse EC and pericyte proliferation by cell elongation and thinning). The governing mechanisms involve cell-cell contacts (e.g., peg-and-socket junctions between pericytes and ECs), multiple autocrine and paracrine signaling molecules and pathways (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, angiopoietins, transforming growth factor B, ephrins, semaphorins, and metalloproteinases), and other factors (e.g., hypoxia, vascular patency, and blood flow). Pericytes participate in vessel development, stabilization, maturation and regression in sprouting angiogenesis, and in interstitial tissue structure formation of the pillar core in intussusceptive angiogenesis. In sprouting angiogenesis, proliferating perivascular CD34+SCs/TCs are an important source of stromal cells during repair through granulation tissue formation and of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumors. Conversely, CD34+SCs/TCs have less participation as precursor cells in intussusceptive angiogenesis. The dysfunction of these mechanisms is involved in several diseases, including neoplasms, with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-319317; Fax: +34-922-319279
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria Pino García
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins Megalab–Hospiten Hospitals, 38100 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aixa Rodríguez Bello
- Department of Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
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Intussusceptive Angiogenesis and Peg-Socket Junctions between Endothelial Cells and Smooth Muscle Cells in Early Arterial Intimal Thickening. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218049. [PMID: 33126763 PMCID: PMC7663623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis in arterial intimal thickening (AIT) has been considered mainly in late AIT stages and only refers to sprouting angiogenesis. We assess angiogenesis during early AIT development and the occurrence of the intussusceptive type. For this purpose, we studied AIT development in (a) human arteries with vasculitis in gallbladders with acute cholecystitis and urgent (n = 25) or delayed (n = 20) cholecystectomy, using immunohistochemical techniques and (b) experimentally occluded arterial segments (n = 56), using semithin and ultrathin sections and electron microscopy. The results showed transitory angiogenic phenomena, with formation of an important microvasculature, followed by vessel regression. In addition to the sequential description of angiogenic and regressive findings, we mainly contribute (a) formation of intravascular pillars (hallmarks of intussusception) during angiogenesis and vessel regression and (b) morphological interrelation between endothelial cells (ECs) in the arterial wall and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which adopt a pericytic arrangement and establish peg-and-socket junctions with ECs. In conclusion, angiogenesis and vessel regression play an important role in AIT development in the conditions studied, with participation of intussusceptive angiogenesis during the formation and regression of a provisional microvasculature and with morphologic interrelation between ECs and VSMCs.
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, Gayoso S, García MP, González-Gómez M, Díaz-Flores L, Sánchez R, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF. Intussusceptive angiogenesis and its counterpart intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1083-1103. [PMID: 32329808 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) is currently considered an important alternative and complementary form of sprouting angiogenesis (SA). Conversely, intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis (IL) is in an initial phase of study. We compare their morphofunctional characteristics, since many can be shared by both processes. To that end, the following aspects are considered: A) The concept of IA and IL as the mechanism by which blood and lymphatic vessels split, expand and remodel through transluminal pillar formations (hallmarks of intussusception). B) Terminology and historical background, with particular reference to the group of Burri, including Djonov and Patan, who initiated and developed the vessel intussusceptive concept in blood vessels. C) Incidence in normal (e.g. in the sinuses of developing lymph nodes) and pathologic conditions, above all in vessel diseases, such as dilated veins in hemorrhoidal disease, intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), sinusoidal hemangioma, lobular capillary hemangioma, lymphangiomas/lymphatic malformations and vascular transformation of lymph nodes. D) Differences and complementarity between vessel sprouting and intussusception. E) Characteristics of the cover (endothelial cells) and core (connective tissue components) of pillars and requirements for pillar identification. F) Structures involved in pillar formation, including endothelial contacts of opposite vessel walls, interendothelial bridges, merged adjacent capillaries, vessel loops and spilt pillars. G) Structures resulting from pillars with intussusceptive microvascular growth, arborization, remodeling and segmentation (compartmentalization). H) Influence of intussusception in the morphogenesis of vessel tumors/ pseudotumors; and I) Hemodynamic and molecular control of vessel intussusception, including VEGF, PDGF BB, Hypoxia, Notch, Endoglobin and Nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - R Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - S Gayoso
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M P García
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins® Megalab-Hospiten Hospitals, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - L Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - R Sánchez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J L Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J F Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Amic F, Drmic D, Bilic Z, Krezic I, Zizek H, Peklic M, Klicek R, Pajtak A, Amic E, Vidovic T, Rakic M, Milkovic Perisa M, Horvat Pavlov K, Kokot A, Tvrdeic A, Boban Blagaic A, Zovak M, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Bypassing major venous occlusion and duodenal lesions in rats, and therapy with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME and L-arginine. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5366-5378. [PMID: 30598581 PMCID: PMC6305534 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i47.5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether duodenal lesions induced by major venous occlusions can be attenuated by BPC 157 regardless nitric oxide (NO) system involvement.
METHODS Male Wistar rats underwent superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein (SAPDV)-ligation and were treated with a bath at the ligated SAPDV site (BPC 157 10 μg, 10 ng/kg per 1 mL bath/rat; L-NAME 5 mg/kg per 1 mL bath/rat; L-arginine 100 mg/kg per 1 mL bath/rat, alone and/or together; or BPC 157 10 μg/kg instilled into the rat stomach, at 1 min ligation-time). We recorded the vessel presentation (filled/appearance or emptied/disappearance) between the 5 arcade vessels arising from the SAPDV on the ventral duodenum side, the inferior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein (IAPDV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) as bypassing vascular pathway to document the duodenal lesions presentation; increased NO- and oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA)]-levels in duodenum.
RESULTS Unlike the severe course in the SAPDV-ligated controls, after BPC 157 application, the rats exhibited strong attenuation of the mucosal lesions and serosal congestion, improved vessel presentation, increased interconnections, increased branching by more than 60% from the initial value, the IAPDV and SMV were not congested. Interestingly, after 5 min and 30 min of L-NAME and L-arginine treatment alone, decreased mucosal and serosal duodenal lesions were observed; their effect was worsened at 24 h, and no effect on the collateral vessels and branching was seen. Together, L-NAME+L-arginine antagonized each other’s response, and thus, there was an NO-related effect. With BPC 157, all SAPDV-ligated rats receiving L-NAME and/or L-arginine appeared similar to the rats treated with BPC 157 alone. Also, BPC 157 in SAPDV-ligated rats normalized levels of NO and MDA, two oxidative stress markers, in duodenal tissues.
CONCLUSION BPC 157, rapidly bypassing occlusion, rescued the original duodenal flow through IAPDV to SMV flow, an effect related to the NO system and reduction of free radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor Amic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zdenko Bilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marina Peklic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Robert Klicek
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Alen Pajtak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Enio Amic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tinka Vidovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mislav Rakic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marija Milkovic Perisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Katarina Horvat Pavlov
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mario Zovak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, González-Gómez M, García P, Sáez FJ, Díaz-Flores L, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF. Segmentation of Dilated Hemorrhoidal Veins in Hemorrhoidal Disease. Cells Tissues Organs 2018; 205:120-128. [PMID: 29913446 DOI: 10.1159/000489250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vein segmentation is a vascular remodeling process mainly studied in experimental conditions and linked to hemodynamic factors, with clinical implications. The aim of this work is to assess the morphologic characteristics, associated findings, and mechanisms that participate in vein segmentation in humans. To this end, we examined 156 surgically obtained cases of hemorrhoidal disease. Segmentation occurred in 65 and was most prominent in 15, which were selected for serial sections, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence procedures. The dilated veins showed differently sized spaces, separated by thin septa. Findings associated with vein segmentation were: (a) vascular channels formed from the vein intima endothelial cells (ECs) and located in the vein wall and/or intraluminal fibrin, (b) vascular loops formed by interconnected vascular channels (venous-venous connections), which encircled vein wall components or fibrin and formed folds/pillars/papillae (FPPs; the encircling ECs formed the FPP cover and the encircled components formed the core), and (c) FPP splitting, remodeling, alignment, and fusion, originating septa. Thrombosis was observed in some nonsegmented veins, while the segmented veins only occasionally contained thrombi. Dense microvasculature was also present in the interstitium and around veins. In conclusion, the findings suggest that hemorrhoidal vein segmentation is an adaptive process in which a piecemeal angiogenic mechanism participates, predominantly by intussusception, giving rise to intravascular FPPs, followed by linear rearrangement, remodeling and fusion of FPPs, and septa formation. Identification of other markers, as well as the molecular bases, hemodynamic relevance, and possible therapeutic implications of vein segmentation in dilated hemorrhoidal veins require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Pino García
- Department of Pathology, Hospiten, Santa Cruz, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology UFI11/44, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - José Luis Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Juan F Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, García MP, González-Gómez M, Sáez FJ, Díaz-Flores L, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF. Sinusoidal hemangioma and intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia: Interrelated processes that share a histogenetic piecemeal angiogenic mechanism. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:255-262. [PMID: 29486986 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sinusoidal hemangioma, characterized by interconnecting thin-walled vascular spaces, may present papillae/pseudo-papillae and zones that resemble intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH). Our objectives are to explore the existence of zones in IPEH with sinusoidal hemangioma characteristics, the mechanism of papillary and septa formation in sinusoidal hemangioma and the comparison of this mechanism with that in IPEH. For these purposes, specimens of 4 cases of each entity were selected and studied by serial histologic sections and by immunochemistry and immunofluorescence procedures. The results showed a) zones with characteristics of sinusoidal hemangioma in IPEH cases, b) presence in both entities of papillae with a cover formed by a monolayer of CD34+ and CD31+ endothelial cells (ECs) and a core formed by either type I collagen and αSMA+ cells (presenting a pericyte/smooth muscle cell aspect) or thrombotic components, and c) a similar piecemeal angiogenic mechanism in papillary formation, including sprouting of intimal ECs toward the vessel wall itself or intravascular thrombi, formation of vascular loops that encircle and separate vessel wall or thrombus components, and parietal or thrombotic papillae development. The major differences between both entities were the number, arrangement and substrate of papillae: myriad, densely grouped, parietal and thrombotic papillae in IPEH, and a linear arrangement of predominant parietal papillae in sinusoidal hemangioma, originating septa (segmentation). In conclusion, sinusoidal hemangioma and IPEH are interrelated processes, which share morphologic findings and a piecemeal angiogenic mechanism, combining sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis, and leading to papillary formation and vessel segmentation.
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8
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Duzel A, Vlainic J, Antunovic M, Malekinusic D, Vrdoljak B, Samara M, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Vidovic T, Bilic Z, Knezevic M, Sever M, Lojo N, Kokot A, Kolovrat M, Drmic D, Vukojevic J, Kralj T, Kasnik K, Siroglavic M, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the treatment of colitis and ischemia and reperfusion in rats: New insights. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8465-8488. [PMID: 29358856 PMCID: PMC5752708 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide new insights in treatment of colitis and ischemia and reperfusion in rats using stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
METHODS Medication [BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine (alone/combined), saline] was bath at the blood deprived colon segment. During reperfusion, medication was BPC 157 or saline. We recorded (USB microscope camera) vessel presentation through next 15 min of ischemic colitis (IC-rats) or reperfusion (removed ligations) (IC + RL-rats); oxidative stress as MDA (increased (IC- and IC + RL-rats)) and NO levels (decreased (IC-rats); increased (IC + RL-rats)) in colon tissue. IC + OB-rats [IC-rats had additional colon obstruction (OB)] for 3 d (IC + OB-rats), then received BPC 157 bath.
RESULTS Commonly, in colon segment (25 mm, 2 ligations on left colic artery and vein, 3 arcade vessels within ligated segment), in IC-, IC + RL-, IC + OB-rats, BPC 157 (10 μg/kg) bath (1 mL/rat) increased vessel presentation, inside/outside arcade interconnections quickly reappeared, mucosal folds were preserved and the pale areas were small and markedly reduced. BPC 157 counteracted worsening effects induced by L-NAME (5 mg) and L-arginine (100 mg). MDA- and NO-levels were normal in BPC 157 treated IC-rats and IC + RL-rats. In addition, on day 10, BPC 157-treated IC + OB-rats presented almost completely spared mucosa with very small pale areas and no gross mucosal defects; the treated colon segment was of normal diameter, and only small adhesions were present.
CONCLUSION BPC 157 is a fundamental treatment that quickly restores blood supply to the ischemically injured area and rapidly activates collaterals. This effect involves the NO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Duzel
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Josipa Vlainic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Antunovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Dominik Malekinusic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Borna Vrdoljak
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mariam Samara
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tinka Vidovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zdenko Bilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mario Knezevic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Nermin Lojo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marijan Kolovrat
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jaksa Vukojevic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tamara Kralj
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Katarina Kasnik
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Siroglavic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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9
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, García MDP, Sáez FJ, Díaz-Flores L, Madrid JF. Piecemeal Mechanism Combining Sprouting and Intussusceptive Angiogenesis in Intravenous Papillary Formation Induced by PGE2 and Glycerol. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1781-1792. [PMID: 28340517 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that in human intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), vein wall vascularization occurs in association with myriad papillae, a large part of which formed in the vascularized vein wall. Previously, using an animal model, we observed that PGE2 and glycerol administration around the femoral vein originates intense vascularization of the vein wall from its intimal endothelial cells (ECs). This vascularization is similar to that in IPEH. The aim of this study is to assess the mechanism of papillary formation, using this model after demonstrating papillary development in neo-vascularized femoral vein walls. In semithin and ultrathin sections, the sequential vascular and papillary development was as follows: (a) activation of vein intimal ECs, (b) sprouting of intimal ECs towards the vein media layer and microvessel development, (c) interconnection between neighboring microvessels originated elementary loops, which encircled vein wall components and formed papillae. The encircling ECs formed the papillary cover, and the encircled component formed the core. The papillae showed a similar structure to that of folds and pillars in intussusceptive angiogenesis, and (d) origin of secondary and complex loop systems by interconnection of neighboring elementary loops and by splitting of papillae by new loops, with abundant papillary development. In conclusion, the results support a piecemeal angiogenic mechanism in papillary formation, with association of sprouting and intussusceptive types of angiogenesis. Further studies are needed to assess whether the intravascular papillae described in several pathologic processes, including vessel tumors, such as Dabska's tumor, retiform hemangioendothelioma, and angiosarcoma, follow a similar mechanism. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1781-1792, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Del Pino García
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospiten® Hospitals, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology UFI11/44, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan F Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence. "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Espinardo, Spain
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10
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Schuster BS, Ensign LM, Allan DB, Suk JS, Hanes J. Particle tracking in drug and gene delivery research: State-of-the-art applications and methods. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 91:70-91. [PMID: 25858664 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Particle tracking is a powerful microscopy technique to quantify the motion of individual particles at high spatial and temporal resolution in complex fluids and biological specimens. Particle tracking's applications and impact in drug and gene delivery research have greatly increased during the last decade. Thanks to advances in hardware and software, this technique is now more accessible than ever, and can be reliably automated to enable rapid processing of large data sets, thereby further enhancing the role that particle tracking will play in drug and gene delivery studies in the future. We begin this review by discussing particle tracking-based advances in characterizing extracellular and cellular barriers to therapeutic nanoparticles and in characterizing nanoparticle size and stability. To facilitate wider adoption of the technique, we then present a user-friendly review of state-of-the-art automated particle tracking algorithms and methods of analysis. We conclude by reviewing technological developments for next-generation particle tracking methods, and we survey future research directions in drug and gene delivery where particle tracking may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Schuster
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Laura M Ensign
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Daniel B Allan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218 USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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11
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Intussusceptive angiogenesis: expansion and remodeling of microvascular networks. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:499-509. [PMID: 24668225 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a dynamic intravascular process capable of dramatically modifying the structure of the microcirculation. The distinctive structural feature of intussusceptive angiogenesis is the intussusceptive pillar--a cylindrical microstructure that spans the lumen of small vessels and capillaries. The extension of the intussusceptive pillar appears to be a mechanism for pruning redundant or inefficient vessels, modifying the branch angle of bifurcating vessels and duplicating existing vessels. Despite the biological importance and therapeutic potential, intussusceptive angiogenesis remains a mystery, in part, because it is an intravascular process that is unseen by conventional light microscopy. Here, we review several fundamental questions in the context of our current understanding of both intussusceptive and sprouting angiogenesis. (1) What are the physiologic signals that trigger pillar formation? (2) What endothelial and blood flow conditions specify pillar location? (3) How do pillars respond to the mechanical influence of blood flow? (4) What biological influences contribute to pillar extension? The answers to these questions are likely to provide important insights into the structure and function of microvascular networks.
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12
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Ackermann M, Tsuda A, Secomb TW, Mentzer SJ, Konerding MA. Intussusceptive remodeling of vascular branch angles in chemically-induced murine colitis. Microvasc Res 2013; 87:75-82. [PMID: 23485588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a developmental process linked to both blood vessel replication and remodeling in development. To investigate the prediction that the process of intussusceptive angiogenesis is associated with vessel angle remodeling in adult mice, we systematically evaluated corrosion casts of the mucosal plexus in mice with trinitrobenzesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The mice demonstrated a significant decrease in vessel angles in both TNBS-induced and DSS-induced colitis within 4 weeks of the onset of colitis (p<.001). Corrosion casts 28-30 days after DSS treatment were studied for a variety of detailed morphometric changes. The vessel diameter and interbranch distance were significantly increased in the descending colon (p<.05). Also consistent with vessel growth, intervascular distance was decreased in the descending colon (p<.05). In contrast, no statistically significant morphometric changes were noted in the ascending colon. The morphometry of the corrosion casts also demonstrated 1) a similar orientation of the remodeled angles within the XY coordinate plane of the mucosal plexus, and 2) alternating periodicity of remodeled and unremodeled vessel angles. We conclude that inflammation-associated intussusceptive angiogenesis in adult mice is associated with vessel angle remodeling. Further, the morphometry of the vessel angles suggests the influence of blood flow on the location and orientation of remodeled vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Forouzan O, Yang X, Sosa JM, Burns JM, Shevkoplyas SS. Spontaneous oscillations of capillary blood flow in artificial microvascular networks. Microvasc Res 2012; 84:123-32. [PMID: 22732344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous computational studies have suggested that the capillary blood flow oscillations frequently observed in vivo can originate spontaneously from the non-linear rheological properties of blood, without any regulatory input. Testing this hypothesis definitively in experiments involving real microvasculature has been difficult because in vivo the blood flow in capillaries is always actively controlled by the host. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis experimentally and to investigate the relative contribution of different blood cells to the capillary blood flow dynamics under static boundary conditions and in complete isolation from the active regulatory mechanisms mediated by the blood vessels in vivo. To accomplish this objective, we passed whole blood and re-constituted blood samples (purified red blood cells suspended in buffer or in autologous plasma) through an artificial microvascular network (AMVN) comprising completely inert, microfabricated vessels with the architecture inspired by the real microvasculature. We found that the flow of blood in capillaries of the AMVN indeed oscillates with characteristic frequencies in the range of 0-0.6 Hz, which is in a very good agreement with previous computational studies and in vivo observations. We also found that the traffic of leukocytes through the network (typically neglected in computational modeling) plays an important role in generating the oscillations. This study represents the key piece of experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis that spontaneous, self-sustained oscillations of capillary blood flow can be generated solely by the non-linear rheological properties of blood flowing through microvascular networks, and provides an insight into the mechanism of this fundamentally important microcirculatory phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Forouzan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States
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14
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Lee GS, Filipovic N, Lin M, Gibney BC, Simpson DC, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Intravascular pillars and pruning in the extraembryonic vessels of chick embryos. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:1335-43. [PMID: 21448976 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the local mechanical forces associated with intravascular pillars and vessel pruning, we studied the conducting vessels in the extraembryonic circulation of the chick embryo. During the development days 13-17, intravascular pillars and blood flow parameters were identified using fluorescent vascular tracers and digital time-series video reconstructions. The geometry of selected vessels was confirmed by corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy. Computational simulations of pruning vessels suggested that serial pillars form along pre-existing velocity streamlines; blood pressure demonstrated no obvious spatial relationship with the intravascular pillars. Modeling a Reynolds number of 0.03 produced 4 pillars at approximately 20-μm intervals matching the observed periodicity. In contrast, a Reynolds number of 0.06 produced only 2 pillars at approximately 63-μm intervals. Our modeling data indicated that the combination of wall shear stress and gradient of shear predicted the location, direction, and periodicity of developing pillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Lee
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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15
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Konerding MA, Turhan A, Ravnic DJ, Lin M, Fuchs C, Secomb TW, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Inflammation-induced intussusceptive angiogenesis in murine colitis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:849-57. [PMID: 20225210 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a morphogenetic process that forms new blood vessels by the division of a single blood vessel into two lumens. Here, we show that this process of intraluminal division participates in the inflammation-induced neovascularization associated with chemically induced murine colitis. In studies of both acute (4-7 days) and chronic (28-31 days) colitis, intravital microscopy of intravascular tracers demonstrated a twofold reduction in blood flow velocity. In the acute colitis model, the decreased velocity was associated with marked dilatation of the mucosal plexus. In contrast, chronic inflammation was associated with normal caliber vessels and duplication (and triplication) of the quasi-polygonal mucosal plexus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of intravascular corrosion casts suggested that pillar formation and septation, previously linked to the morphogenetic process of intussusceptive angiogenesis, were present within days of the onset of inflammation. Four weeks after the onset of inflammation, SEM of vascular corrosion casts demonstrated replication of the mucosal plexus without significant evidence of sprouting angiogenesis. These data suggest that mucosal capillaries have comparable aggregate cross-sectional area in acute and chronic colitis; however, there is a significant increase in functional capillary density in chronic colitis. We conclude that intussusceptive angiogenesis is a fundamental mechanism of microvascular adaptation to prolonged inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz A Konerding
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Lee GS, Filipovic N, Miele LF, Lin M, Simpson DC, Giney B, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Blood flow shapes intravascular pillar geometry in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. JOURNAL OF ANGIOGENESIS RESEARCH 2010; 2:11. [PMID: 20609245 PMCID: PMC2911408 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2384-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of blood flow to vessel structure remains a fundamental question in biology. To define the influence of intravascular flow fields, we studied tissue islands--here defined as intravascular pillars--in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Pillars comprised 0.02 to 0.5% of the vascular system in 2-dimensional projection and were predominantly observed at vessel bifurcations. The bifurcation angle was generally inversely related to the length of the pillar (R = -0.47, P < .001). The pillar orientation closely mirrored the axis of the dominant vessel with an average variance of 5.62 ± 6.96 degrees (p = .02). In contrast, the variance of pillar orientation relative to nondominant vessels was 36.78 ± 21.33 degrees (p > .05). 3-dimensional computational flow simulations indicated that the intravascular pillars were located in regions of low shear stress. Both wide-angle and acute-angle models mapped the pillars to regions with shear less than 1 dyn/cm2. Further, flow modeling indicated that the pillars were spatially constrained by regions of higher wall shear stress. Finally, the shear maps indicated that the development of new pillars was limited to regions of low shear stress. We conclude that mechanical forces produced by blood flow have both a limiting and permissive influence on pillar development in the chick chorioallantoic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Lee
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
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17
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Tsuda A, Turhan A, Konerding M, Ravnic D, Hanidziar D, Lin M, Mentzer SJ. Bimodal oscillation frequencies of blood flow in the inflammatory colon microcirculation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:65-72. [PMID: 18951508 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmic changes in blood flow direction have been described in the mucosal plexus of mice with acute colitis. In this report, we studied mice with acute colitis induced either by dextran sodium sulfate or by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Both forms of colitis were associated with blood flow oscillations as documented by fluorescence intravital videomicroscopy. The complex oscillation patterns suggested more than one mechanism for these changes in blood flow. By tracking fluorescent nanoparticles in the inflamed mucosal plexus, we identified two forms of blood flow oscillations within the inflammatory mouse colon. Stable oscillations were associated with a base frequency of approximately 2 cycles/sec. Velocity measurements in the upstream and downstream vessel segments indicated that stable oscillations were the result of regional flow occlusion within the mucosal plexus. In contrast, metastable oscillations demonstrated a lower frequency (0.2-0.4 cycles/sec) and appeared to be the result of flow dynamics in vessels linked by the bridging mucosal vessels. These blood flow oscillations were not directly associated with cardiopulmonary movement. We conclude that both the stable and metasable oscillating patterns reflect flow adaptations to inflammatory changes in the mucosal plexus. Anat Rec, 2009. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tsuda
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Miele LF, Turhan A, Lee GS, Lin M, Ravnic D, Tsuda A, Konerding MA, Mentzer SJ. Blood flow patterns spatially associated with platelet aggregates in murine colitis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:1143-53. [PMID: 19645018 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the normal murine mucosal plexus, blood flow is generally smooth and continuous. In inflammatory conditions, such as chemically-induced murine colitis, the mucosal plexus demonstrates markedly abnormal flow patterns. The inflamed mucosal plexus is associated with widely variable blood flow velocity as well as discontinuous and even bidirectional flow. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for these blood flow patterns, we used intravital microscopic examination of blood flow within the murine mucosal plexus during dextran sodium sulphate-and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis. The blood flow patterns within the mucosal plexus demonstrated flow exclusion in 18% of the vessel segments (P < 0.01). Associated with these segmental exclusions was significant variation in neighboring flow velocities. Intravascular injection of fluorescent platelets demonstrated platelet incorporation into both fixed and rolling platelet aggregates. Rolling platelet aggregates (mean velocity 113 microm/sec; range, 14-186 microm/sec) were associated with reversible occlusions and flow variations within the mucosal plexus. Gene expression profiles of microdissected mucosal plexus demonstrated enhanced expression of genes for CCL3, CXCL1, CCL2, CXCL5, CCL7, CCL8, and Il-1b (P < 0.01), and decreased expression of CCL6 (P < 0.01). These results suggest that platelet aggregation, activated by the inflammatory mileau, contributes to the complex flow dynamics observed in acute murine colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino F Miele
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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19
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Computational flow dynamics in a geometric model of intussusceptive angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 2009; 78:286-93. [PMID: 19715707 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a process that forms new blood vessels by the intraluminal division of a single blood vessel into two lumens. Referred to as nonsprouting or intussusceptive angiogenesis, this angiogenic process has been described in morphogenesis and chronic inflammation. Mechanical forces are relevant to the structural changes associated with intussusceptive angiogenesis because of the growing evidence that physiologic forces influence gene transcription. To provide a detailed analysis of the spatial distribution of physiologic shear stresses, we developed a 3D finite element model of the intraluminal intussusceptive pillar. Based on geometries observed in adult intussusceptive angiogenesis, physiologic shear stress distribution was studied at pillar sizes ranging from 1 to 10 microm. The wall shear stress calculations demonstrated a marked spatial dependence with discrete regions of high shear stress on the intraluminal pillar and lateral vessel wall. Furthermore, the intussusceptive pillar created a "dead zone" of low wall shear stress between the pillar and vessel bifurcation apex. We conclude that the intraluminal flow fields demonstrate sufficient spatial resolution and dynamic range to participate in the regulation of intussusceptive angiogenesis.
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20
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Turhan A, Tsuda A, Konerding MA, Lin M, Miele L, Lee G, Mentzer SJ. Effect of intraluminal pillars on particle motion in bifurcated microchannels. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2008; 44:426-33. [PMID: 18807100 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-008-9134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A central feature of intussusceptive angiogenesis is the development of an intravascular pillar that bridges the opposing sides of the microvessel lumen. In this report, we created polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) microchannels with geometric proportions based on corrosion casts of the colon microcirculation. The structure of the PDMS microchannels was a bifurcated channel with an intraluminal pillar in the geometric center of the bifurcation. The effect of the intraluminal pillar on particle flow paths was investigated using an in vitro perfusion system. The microchannels were perfused with fluorescent particles, and the particle movements were recorded using fluorescence videomicroscopy. We found that the presence of an intravascular pillar significantly decreased particle velocity in the bifurcation system (p < 0.05). In addition, the pillar altered the trajectory of particles in the center line of the flow stream. The particle trajectory resulted in prolonged pillar contact as well as increased residence time within the bifurcation system (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the intravascular pillar not only provides a mechanism of increasing resistance to blood flow but may also participate in spatial redistribution of cells within the flow stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Turhan
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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