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de la Calle-Fabregat C, Rodríguez-Ubreva J, Ciudad L, Ramírez J, Celis R, Azuaga AB, Cuervo A, Graell E, Pérez-García C, Díaz-Torné C, Salvador G, Gómez-Puerta JA, Haro I, Sanmartí R, Cañete JD, Ballestar E. The synovial and blood monocyte DNA methylomes mirror prognosis, evolution and treatment in early arthritis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158783. [PMID: 35324478 PMCID: PMC9090240 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying predictive biomarkers at early stages of inflammatory arthritis is crucial for starting appropriate therapies to avoid poor outcomes. Monocytes (MOs) and macrophages, largely associated with arthritis, are contributors and sensors of inflammation through epigenetic modifications. In this study, we investigated associations between clinical features and DNA methylation in blood and synovial fluid (SF) MOs in a prospective cohort of patients with early inflammatory arthritis. DNA methylation profiles of undifferentiated arthritis (UA) blood MOs exhibited marked alterations in comparison with those from healthy donors. We identified additional differences both in blood and SF MOs after comparing patients with UA grouped by their future outcomes, i.e., good versus poor. Patient profiles in subsequent visits revealed a reversion toward a healthy level in both groups, those requiring disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and those who remitted spontaneously. Changes in disease activity between visits also affected DNA methylation, which was partially concomitant in the SF of UA and in blood MOs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Epigenetic similarities between arthritis types allow a common prediction of disease activity. Our results constitute a resource of DNA methylation–based biomarkers of poor prognosis, disease activity, and treatment efficacy for the personalized clinical management of early inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Ubreva
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ciudad
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Ramírez
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Celis
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana B Azuaga
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Cuervo
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Graell
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - César Díaz-Torné
- Servei de Reumatologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Salvador
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Haro
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sanmartí
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Iwaszko M, Biały S, Bogunia-Kubik K. Significance of Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in Inflammatory Arthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113000. [PMID: 34831223 PMCID: PMC8616130 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 belong to the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine family, along with IL-3, IL-5, and IL-9. These cytokines are key mediators of allergic inflammation. They have important immunomodulatory activities and exert influence on a wide variety of immune cells, such as B cells, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, airway epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and keratinocytes. Recent studies have implicated IL-4 and IL-13 in the development of various autoimmune diseases. Additionally, these cytokines have emerged as potential players in pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. Recent findings suggest that the IL-4 and IL-13 might play a significant role in the downregulation of inflammatory processes underlying RA pathology, and beneficially modulate the course of the disease. This review summarizes the biological features of the IL-4 and IL-13 and provides current knowledge regarding the role of these cytokines in inflammatory arthritis.
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Abdollahi E, Rezaee SA, Saghafi N, Rastin M, Clifton V, Sahebkar A, Rafatpanah H. Evaluation of the Effects of 1,25 Vitamin D3 on Regulatory T Cells and T Helper 17 Cells in Vitamin D-deficient Women with Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:306-317. [PMID: 32124705 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200303130153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency can be associated with adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes, which may include recurrent pregnancy loss through the mechanisms that are yet unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1,25VitD3 on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper17 (Th17) cell populations In vitro in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) patients and healthy women. METHODS Samples from 20 non-pregnant women with a history of URPL were compared to 20 normal non-pregnant women. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were divided into 3 wells for each subject: in the presence of 1, 25 VitD3 (50 nM, for 16 hours), PHA (positive control) (10μM), and without any treatment (as a baseline or negative control). The percentage of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells was measured by flow cytometry at baseline and then after cell culture experiments. RESULTS Our study indicated that the percentage of Tregs in patients with URPL was significantly lower than the control group (2.42 ± 0.27 vs. 3.41 ± 0.29, P= 0.01). The percentage of Th17 cells was significantly greater in URPL patients compared to the control group (2.91 ± 0.33 vs. 1.18± 0.15, P=0.001). 1, 25VitD3 treatment significantly increased the percentage of Tregs from the baseline in the URPL group compared to that in the control group (1.23 ± 0.03 vs. 1.00 ± 0.03, P= 0.01). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency may be a contributor to recurrent pregnancy loss and suggests supplementation of women with Vit D pre-pregnancy may be protective against URPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Immunology and Allergy, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Graduate Research Trainee in Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran,Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Saghafi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vicki Clifton
- Pregnancy and Development, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran,Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Bakheet SA, Alrwashied BS, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Assiri MA, Alqahtani F, Ibrahim KE, Ahmad SF. CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 inhibits glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor-receptor-related protein and inflammatory mediators in CD45 expressing cells in collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106494. [PMID: 32304993 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease classified by uncontrolled joint inflammation leading to the destruction of both cartilage and joints. Despite progress made in RA treatment in the past decade, new drugs with high efficacy and fewer long-term adverse effects are still needed; thus, safe anti-inflammatory therapies for RA are urgently needed. Previous results demonstrated that the CXCR3 antagonist is an extremely attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of several autoimmune diseases, suggesting that it might have an inhibitory effect on RA. In this study, we investigated the effect of AMG487, a selective CXCR3 antagonist, on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice and evaluated its potential therapeutic mechanism.Following induction of CIA, mice were treated with AMG487 (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), to investigate their protective effects against CIA. CD4, CD25, CCR6, IL-9, NF-κB, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-21, STAT6 and Foxp3 expressing GITR+ and CD45+ cells were measured in the spleen using flow cytometry to assess anti-inflammatory effects of AMG487. The mRNA and protein expression of GITR, CCR6, IL-9, and IL-21 were measured using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis in knee tissue. AMG487 significantly alleviated joint inflammation by decreasing GITR+CD25+, GITR+CD45+, GITR+IL-9+, GITR+NF-κB+ CD45+CD4+, CD45+CCR6+, CD45+IL-6+ cells, CD45+IL-17A+, and CD45+IL-21+, and increasing GITR+Foxp3+ and GITR+STAT6+ cells. There was a significant decrease in mRNA and protein expression of GITR, CD4, CCR6, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-21 in knee tissue of CIA mice. This study demonstrates that AMG487 has a potential therapeutic effect on RA and could explore novel anti-inflammatory therapies for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader S Alrwashied
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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5
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Abdollahi E, Saghafi N, Rezaee SA, Rastin M, Jarahi L, Clifton V, Rafatpanah H. Evaluation of 1,25(OH)2D3 Effects on FOXP3, ROR-γt, GITR, and CTLA-4 Gene Expression in the PBMCs of Vitamin D-Deficient Women with Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (URPL). IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2020; 24:295-305. [PMID: 32429643 PMCID: PMC7392141 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.5.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency can be associated with adverse effects on fetus and pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of 1,25VitD3 on specific transcription factor and markers of Tregs and Th17 cells in PBMCs of women with URPL as a case group and PBMCs of healthy women as a control group. Methods: Samples from 20 non-pregnant patients with a history of URPL were compared to 20 normal non-pregnant women. PBMCs were divided into three wells for each subject in the presence of 1,25VitD3 (50 nM, for 16 hours), PHA (10 µM; positive control), and without any treatment (negative control). By Real-time PCR (Taqman assay), specific transcription factors of Tregs and Th17 cells, FOXP3, ROR-γt, GITR, and CTLA-4 mRNA expressions in two groups were measured. Results: FOXP3/ROR-γt mRNA expression in PBMCs decreased significantly in women experiencing URPL compared to the control group (p = 0.0001). Although 1,25VitD3 (50 nM) increased FOXP3 gene expression (p = 0.0001), it did not significantly affect ROR-γt gene expression. Besides, 1,25VitD3 treatment significantly increased FOXP3/ROR-γt mRNA expression from baseline in PBMCs of the fetal loss group compared to that of the control group (p = 0.01). The 1,25VitD3 also increased GITR gene expression (p = 0.017) in PBMCs of URPL women compared to the controls. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may be a contributor to recurrent pregnancy loss and suggests that the supplementation of women with Vitamin D pre-pregnancy may be protective against URPL via affecting Tregs signature genes, FOXP3 and GITR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abdollahi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Immunology and Allergy, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Graduate Research Trainee in Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nafiseh Saghafi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vicki Clifton
- Pregnancy and Development, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Häupl T, Skapenko A, Hoppe B, Skriner K, Burkhardt H, Poddubnyy D, Ohrndorf S, Sewerin P, Mansmann U, Stuhlmüller B, Schulze-Koops H, Burmester GR. [Biomarkers and imaging for diagnosis and stratification of rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthritis in the BMBF consortium ArthroMark]. Z Rheumatol 2019; 77:16-23. [PMID: 29691690 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-018-0458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are among the most common chronic inflammatory disorders. Besides severe pain and progressive destruction of the joints, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritides (SpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) impair working ability, reduce quality of life and if treated insufficiently may enhance mortality. With the introduction of biologics to treat these diseases, the demand for biomarkers of early diagnosis and therapeutic stratification has been growing continuously. The main goal of the consortium ArthroMark is to identify new biomarkers and to apply modern imaging technologies for diagnosis, follow-up assessment and stratification of patients with RA, SpA and PsA. With the development of new biomarkers for these diseases, the ArthroMark project contributes to research in chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The cooperation between different national centers will utilize site-specific resources, such as biobanks and clinical studies for sharing and gainful networking of individual core areas in biomarker analysis. Joint data management and harmonization of data assessment as well as best practice characterization of patients with new imaging technologies will optimize quality of marker validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Häupl
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte (CCM), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - A Skapenko
- Sektion Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | - B Hoppe
- Zentralinstitut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie, Charité, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - K Skriner
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte (CCM), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - H Burkhardt
- Abteilung für Rheumatologie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - D Poddubnyy
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - S Ohrndorf
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte (CCM), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - P Sewerin
- Medizinische Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Rheumatologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - U Mansmann
- Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | - B Stuhlmüller
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte (CCM), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - H Schulze-Koops
- Sektion Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | - G-R Burmester
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte (CCM), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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7
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Nyaga DM, Vickers MH, Jefferies C, Perry JK, O'Sullivan JM. The genetic architecture of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 477:70-80. [PMID: 29913182 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterised by loss of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells in genetically predisposed individuals, ultimately resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. T1D is most common among children and young adults, and the incidence is on the rise across the world. The aetiology of T1D is hypothesized to involve genetic and environmental factors that result in the T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. There is a strong genetic risk to T1D; with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identifying over 60 susceptibility regions within the human genome which are marked by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here, we review what is currently known about the genetics of T1D. We argue that advancing our understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of T1D will require the integration of genome biology (omics-data) with GWAS data, thereby making it possible to elucidate the putative gene regulatory networks modulated by disease-associated SNPs. This approach has a potential to revolutionize clinical management of T1D in an era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis M Nyaga
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Craig Jefferies
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jo K Perry
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Kondo Y, Yokosawa M, Kaneko S, Furuyama K, Segawa S, Tsuboi H, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. Review: Transcriptional Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Differentiation in Experimentally Induced Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:653-661. [PMID: 29245178 PMCID: PMC5947164 DOI: 10.1002/art.40398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the joint synovium and infiltration by activated inflammatory cells. CD4+ T cells form a large proportion of the inflammatory cells invading the synovial tissue, and are involved in the RA pathologic process. In general, CD4+ T cells differentiate into various T helper cell subsets and acquire the functional properties to respond to specific pathogens, and also mediate some autoimmune disorders such as RA. Because the differentiation of T helper cell subsets is determined by the expression of specific transcription factors in response to the cytokine environment, these transcription factors are considered to have a role in the pathology of RA. Treg cells control an excess of T cell–mediated immune response, and the transcription factor FoxP3 is critical for the differentiation and function of Treg cells. Treg cell dysfunction can result in the development of systemic autoimmunity. In this review, we summarize how the expression of transcription factors modulates T helper cell immune responses and the development of autoimmune diseases, especially in RA. Understanding the role of transcription factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to control the differentiation and function of both T helper cells and Treg cells.
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9
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Cytokines regulate complement receptor immunoglobulin expression and phagocytosis of Candida albicans in human macrophages: A control point in anti-microbial immunity. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28642550 PMCID: PMC5481325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement Receptor Immunoglobulin (CRIg), selectively expressed by macrophages, plays an important role in innate immunity by promoting phagocytosis of bacteria. Thus modulation of CRIg on macrophages by cytokines can be an important mechanism by which cytokines regulate anti-microbial immunity. The effects of the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor, transforming growth factor-β1, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, lymphotoxin-α, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and GM-CSF on CRIg expression were examined in human macrophages. We demonstrated that cytokines regulated the CRIg expression on macrophages during their development from monocytes in culture at the transcriptional level using qPCR and protein by Western blotting. Both CRIg spliced forms (Long and Short), were similarly regulated by cytokines. Direct addition of cytokines to matured CRIg+ macrophages also changed CRIg mRNA expression, suggesting that cytokines control macrophage function via CRIg, at two checkpoints. Interestingly the classical complement receptors, CR3 and CR4 were differentially regulated by cytokines. The changes in CRIg but not CR3/CR4 mRNA expression correlated with ability to phagocytose Candida albicans by macrophages. These findings suggest that CRIg is likely to be a control point in infection and immunity through which cytokines can mediate their effects, and is differentially regulated from CR3 and CR4 by cytokines.
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10
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Tykocinski LO, Lauffer AM, Bohnen A, Kaul NC, Krienke S, Tretter T, Adam I, Mohapatra SR, Saikali P, Löhning M, Neidhart M, Gay S, Oezen I, Platten M, Opitz CA, Lorenz HM. Synovial Fibroblasts Selectively Suppress Th1 Cell Responses through IDO1-Mediated Tryptophan Catabolism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3109-3117. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Guo Y, Xing E, Song H, Feng G, Liang X, An G, Zhao X, Wang M. Therapeutic effect of dioscin on collagen-induced arthritis through reduction of Th1/Th2. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:79-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Stuhlmüller B, Mans K, Tandon N, Bonin MO, Smiljanovic B, Sörensen TA, Schendel P, Martus P, Listing J, Detert J, Backhaus M, Neumann T, Winchester RJ, Burmester GR, Häupl T. Genomic stratification by expression of HLA-DRB4 alleles identifies differential innate and adaptive immune transcriptional patterns - A strategy to detect predictors of methotrexate response in early rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 171:50-61. [PMID: 27570220 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Effective drug selection is the current challenge in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Treatment failure may follow different pathomechanisms and therefore require investigation of molecularly defined subgroups. In this exploratory study, whole blood transcriptomes of 68 treatment-naïve early RA patients were analyzed before initiating MTX. Subgroups were defined by serologic and genetic markers. Response related signatures were interpreted using reference transcriptomes of various cell types, cytokine stimulated conditions and bone marrow precursors. HLA-DRB4-negative patients exhibited most distinctive transcriptional differences. Preponderance of transcripts associated with phagocytes and bone marrow activation indicated response and transcripts of T- and B-lymphocytes non-response. HLA-DRB4-positive patients were more heterogeneous, but also linked failure to increased adaptive immune response. RT-qPCR confirmed reliable candidate selection and independent samples of responders and non-responders the functional patterning. In summary, genomic stratification identified different molecular pathomechanisms in early RA and preponderance of innate but not adaptive immune activation suggested response to MTX therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stuhlmüller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Karsten Mans
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc O Bonin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Biljana Smiljanovic
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till A Sörensen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Schendel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jacqueline Detert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Backhaus
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medicine Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gerd-R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Jakobsen U, Vogel S. Mismatch discrimination of lipidated DNA and LNA-probes (LiNAs) in hybridization-controlled liposome assembly. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6985-95. [PMID: 27356098 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Assays for mismatch discrimination and detection of single nucleotide variations by hybridization-controlled assembly of liposomes, which do not require tedious surface chemistry, are versatile for both DNA and RNA targets. We report herein a comprehensive study on different DNA and LNA (locked nucleic acids) probe designs, including membrane-anchoring requirements, studies on different probes and target lengths (including overhangs), DNA and RNA targets (including sequences associated with pathogens) for lipidated nucleic acids (LiNAs). Advantages and limitations of the liposome assembly based assay in the context of mismatch discrimination and SNP detection are presented. The advantages of membrane-anchored LiNA-probes compared to chemically attached probes on solid nanoparticles (e.g. gold nanoparticles) are described. Key functionalities such as non-covalent attachment of LiNA probes without the need for long spacers and the inherent mobility of membrane-anchored probes in lipid-bilayer membranes will be described for several different probe designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Jakobsen
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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15
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Genetic variants within immune-modulating genes influence the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis and anti-TNF drug response: a two-stage case-control study. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2016; 25:432-43. [PMID: 26111149 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that arises as a result of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. A growing body of research suggests that genetic variants within immune-related genes can influence the risk of developing the disease and affect drug response. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test this hypothesis, we carried out a comprehensive two-stage case-control study in a White population of 1239 White RA patients and 1229 healthy controls to investigate whether 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms within or near 17 immune-related genes modulate the risk of developing RA and antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drug response. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses showed that carriers of the IL4rs2070874T and IL4rs2243250T and IL8RBrs1126580A alleles or the IL8RBrs2230054C/C genotype had a significantly increased risk of developing RA [odds ratio (OR)=1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.67, P=0.0016; OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.03-1.49, P=0.020; OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.41, P=0.002 and OR=1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.36, P=0.01, respectively]. The association of the IL4 variants was further supported by a meta-analysis including 7150 individuals (P =0.0010), whereas the involvement of the IL8RB locus in determining the susceptibility to RA was also supported by gene-gene interaction analyses that identified significant two-locus and three-locus interaction models including IL8RB variants that act synergistically to increase the risk of the disease (P=0.014 and 0.018). Interestingly, we also found that patients harbouring the IFNGrs2069705C allele showed a significantly better response to anti-TNF drugs than those patients carrying the wild-type allele (P=0.0075). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that IL4 and IL8RB loci may have a small-effect genetic impact on the risk of developing RA, whereas IFNG might be involved in modulating the response to anti-TNF drugs.
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McCormick SM, Heller NM. Commentary: IL-4 and IL-13 receptors and signaling. Cytokine 2015; 75:38-50. [PMID: 26187331 PMCID: PMC4546937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 were discovered approximately 30years ago and were immediately linked to allergy and atopic diseases. Since then, new roles for IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors in normal gestation, fetal development and neurological function and in the pathogenesis of cancer and fibrosis have been appreciated. Studying IL-4/-13 and their receptors has revealed important clues about cytokine biology and led to the development of numerous experimental therapeutics. Here we aim to highlight new discoveries and consolidate concepts in the field of IL-4 and IL-13 structure, receptor regulation, signaling and experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McCormick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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Danila MI, Westfall AO, Raman K, Chen L, Reynolds RJ, Hughes LB, Arnett DK, McGwin G, Szalai AJ, van der Heijde DM, Conn D, Callahan LF, Moreland LW, Bridges SL. The role of genetic variants in CRP in radiographic severity in African Americans with early and established rheumatoid arthritis. Genes Immun 2015. [PMID: 26226010 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the association of CRP (C-reactive protein) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with plasma CRP levels and radiographic severity in African Americans with early and established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using a cross-sectional case-only design, CRP SNPs were genotyped in two independent sets of African Americans with RA: Consortium for the Longitudinal Evaluation of African Americans with RA (CLEAR 1) and CLEAR 2. Radiographic data and CRP measurements were available for 294 individuals from CLEAR 1 (median (interquartile range (IQR) 25-75) disease duration of 1 (0.6-1.6) year) and in 407 persons from CLEAR 2 (median (IQR 25-75) disease duration of 8.9 (3.5-17.7) years). In CLEAR 1, in adjusted models, the minor allele of rs2808630 was associated with total radiographic score (incident rate ratio 0.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19-0.74), P-value=0.0051). In CLEAR 2, the minor allele of rs3093062 was associated with increased plasma CRP levels (P-value=0.002). For each rs3093062 minor allele, the plasma CRP increased by 1.51 (95% CI 1.15-1.95) mg dl(-1) when all the other covariates remained constant. These findings have important implications for assessment of the risk of joint damage in African Americans with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Danila
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A O Westfall
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - K Raman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - L Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R J Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - L B Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D K Arnett
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G McGwin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A J Szalai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D M van der Heijde
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Conn
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L F Callahan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L W Moreland
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S L Bridges
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the present understanding of the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid inflammation is still incomplete, there is substantial evidence that effector CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play a central role. RESULTS In recent years, in addition to the established Th cell subsets Th1 and Th2 cells, other subsets, such as Th9, Th17, Th22 and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have been described. Defining the contribution of T cells in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation has been augmented by the identification of functionally distinct subsets of effector Th cells that can be classified based on their cytokine and transcription factor profiles. CONCLUSION Increasing knowledge of the role of these various T cell populations in chronic inflammation provides a better understanding and insights into the pathogenic mechanisms and chronification of rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leipe
- Sektion für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, München, Deutschland,
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Leipe J, Schramm MA, Prots I, Schulze-Koops H, Skapenko A. Increased Th17 cell frequency and poor clinical outcome in rheumatoid arthritis are associated with a genetic variant in the IL4R gene, rs1805010. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1165-75. [PMID: 24782180 DOI: 10.1002/art.38343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The minor allele of the IL4R gene single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs1805010, confers impaired interleukin-4 (IL-4) signaling and has been associated with an aggressive destructive course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-4 inhibits the development of Th17 cells, a cell population recently identified as being prominent in RA patients and being associated with cartilage and bone destruction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether rs1805010 modulates Th17 cell development and, hence, subsequent clinical outcome in RA. METHODS A total of 90 patients with early, active RA (mean ± SD Disease Activity Score in 28 joints 4.6 ± 1.1) and 39 control subjects (24 healthy subjects and 15 patients with osteoarthritis [OA]) were genotyped. Serum levels of IL-17 and IL-22 as well as frequencies of Th17 cells were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Clinical and radiographic data were collected and evaluated at baseline and 1 year after disease onset. RESULTS Twenty-six percent of the RA patients were homozygous for the major allele of rs1805010, 60% were heterozygous, and 14% were homozygous for the minor allele. The RA patients who were homozygous for the minor allele demonstrated significantly higher clinical activity associated with the presence of erosions after 1 year of followup as compared to the other RA patients. The inhibitory effect of IL-4 on Th17 cell development in these patients was significantly less prominent. Accordingly, the frequencies of Th17 cells and serum levels of IL-17 and IL-22 were significantly increased. CONCLUSION The data indicate that the rs1805010 minor allele contributes to increased Th17 cell frequency, enhanced clinical activity, and accelerated radiographic progression in RA by rendering CD4 T cells from RA patients insensitive to the attenuating effect of IL-4 on Th17 cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Leipe
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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20
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Song GG, Bae SC, Kim JH, Lee YH. Interleukin-4, interleukin-4 receptor, and interleukin-18 polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Immunol Invest 2014; 42:455-69. [PMID: 23883285 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.804084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether the functional interleukin-4 (IL-4) -590 C/T, IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) 1902 G/A, IL-18 -607 C/A, and -137 G/C polymorphisms polymorphisms confer susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Meta-analysis was conducted on the associations between these IL-4, IL-4R, and IL-18 polymorphisms and RA. RESULTS A total of 12 comparative studies were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of the IL-4 -590 C/T polymorphism showed an association in all study subjects and Europeans (OR for the TT genotype = 2.280, 95% CI = 1.315-3.952, p = 0.003; OR = 2.139, 95% CI = 1.089-4.199, p = 0.027). However, meta-analysis showed no association between RA and the IL-4R 1902 G allele in all study subjects and Europeans. Meta-analysis showed no association between RA and the IL-18 -607 C allele (OR = 1.159, 95% CI = 0.967-1.387, p = 0.110). Meta-analysis of the IL-18 -137 G/C polymorphism revealed no association between RA and the IL-18 -137 G/C polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that the IL-4 -590 T/C polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to RA in Europeans, but the IL-4R + 1902 G/A, IL-18 -607 C/A and -137 G/C polymorphisms are not associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwan Gyu Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
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21
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Krabben A, Wilson AG, de Rooy DPC, Zhernakova A, Brouwer E, Lindqvist E, Saxne T, Stoeken G, van Nies JAB, Knevel R, Huizinga TWJ, Toes R, Gregersen PK, van der Helm-van Mil AHM. Association of genetic variants in the IL4 and IL4R genes with the severity of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis: a study in seven cohorts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 65:3051-7. [PMID: 23983153 DOI: 10.1002/art.38141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The progression of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is determined by genetic factors. Changes in IL4 and IL4R genes have been associated with RA severity, but this finding has not been replicated. This study was undertaken to investigate the association between IL4- and IL4R-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the progression rate of joint damage in RA in a multicohort candidate gene study. METHODS IL4- and IL4R-tagging SNPs (n = 8 and 39, respectively) were genotyped in 600 RA patients for whom 2,846 sets of radiographs of the hands and feet were obtained during 7 years of followup. Subsequently, SNPs significantly associated with the progression of joint damage were genotyped and studied in relation to 3,415 radiographs of 1,953 RA patients; these included data sets from Groningen (The Netherlands), Lund (Sweden), Sheffield (UK), the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (US), Wichita (US), and the National Data Bank (US). The relative increase in progression rate per year in the presence of a genotype was determined in each cohort. An inverse variance weighting meta-analysis was performed on the 6 data sets that together formed the replication phase. RESULTS In the discovery phase, none of the IL4 SNPs and 7 of the IL4R SNPs were significantly associated with the joint damage progression rate. In the replication phase, 2 SNPs in the IL4R gene were significantly associated with the joint damage progression rate (rs1805011 [P = 0.02] and rs1119132 [P = 0.001]). CONCLUSION Genetic variants in IL4R were identified, and their association with the progression rate of joint damage in RA was independently replicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krabben
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Peng H, Wang W, Zhou M, Liu CY, Li R, Wen PF, Qiu LJ, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Associations of interleukin-4 receptor gene polymorphisms (Q551R, I50V) with rheumatoid arthritis: evidence from a meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:768-74. [PMID: 23972290 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Published data on the associations between interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) gene polymorphisms (Q551R, I50V) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk are controversial. To quantitatively evaluate the relationships, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS Studies were identified from the databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, with the last report up to June 2012. The effect summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained. RESULTS A total of six separate comparisons involving 2173 patients and 1892 controls were included to assess the association of IL-4R gene Q551R polymorphism and RA susceptibility. Overall, no significantly elevated RA risk was found in the meta-analysis. The pooled OR for the minor R allele was 0.942 (95% CI: 0.848-1.047, p=0.268) in patients with RA. After stratification by ethnicity, there was still no significant association detected in the European population (OR=0.979, 95% CI: 0.875-1.094). As for I50V polymorphism, there were four comparisons involving 1653 patients and 1584 controls in this meta-analysis. The pooled OR for the V allele was 1.104 (95% CI: 1.001-1.217) in RA, the V allele of the IL-4R gene I50V variant might be a risk factor for RA. However, the relationship between the V allele of IL-4R gene I50V polymorphism and rheumatoid factor positive in patients with RA was not identified through a minor meta-analysis, including four independent relevant comparisons. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates that the I50V polymorphism of IL-4R gene may confer susceptibility to RA; up to now, there is still not enough evidence to reveal the association of the IL-4R gene Q551R polymorphism with RA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Inanir A, Yigit S, Tekcan A, Tural S, Kismali G. IL-4 and MTHFR gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis and their effects. Immunol Lett 2013; 152:104-8. [PMID: 23685257 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the joints. Polymorphic variations of the cytokine genes and MTHFR gene have received attention as potential markers of susceptibility, severity, and/or protection in RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the MTHFR C677T and IL-4 70bp VNTR variation in Turkish patients with RA and evaluate if there was an association with clinical features, especially ocular involvement, in RA patients. The study included 297 persons (147 patients with RA and 150 healthy controls). Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using PCR assay for the MTHFR gene C677T and IL-4 gene 70bp VNTR polymorphisms. Our results show that there was statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to IL-4 genotype (p=0.01) and allele frequencies (p<0.002). There was no statistical significant difference in the genotype frequencies MTHFR gene, but allele frequencies showed statistically significant association (p=0.01). When we examined MTHFR and IL-4 genotype frequencies according to the clinical characteristics, we found that there was a difference between MTHFR genotypes and ocular involvement but it is not to a statistical significant degree (p=0.09). In the combined genotype analysis, MTHFR/IL-4 CCP2P2 combine genotype was estimated to have protective effect against RA, CTP1P2 combine genotype was found to be risk for RA. Our findings suggest that there is an association of IL-4 gene 70bp VNTR polymorphism and MTHFR C677T polymorphism with susceptibility of a person for development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Inanir
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, 60100, Turkey.
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Correlation analyses of clinical and molecular findings identify candidate biological pathways in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. BMC Med 2012; 10:125. [PMID: 23092393 PMCID: PMC3523070 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians have long appreciated the distinct phenotype of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) compared to polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (POLY). We hypothesized that gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from children with each disease would reveal distinct biological pathways when analyzed for significant associations with elevations in two markers of JIA activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and number of affected joints (joint count, JC). METHODS PBMC RNA from SJIA and POLY patients was profiled by kinetic PCR to analyze expression of 181 genes, selected for relevance to immune response pathways. Pearson correlation and Student's t-test analyses were performed to identify transcripts significantly associated with clinical parameters (ESR and JC) in SJIA or POLY samples. These transcripts were used to find related biological pathways. RESULTS Combining Pearson and t-test analyses, we found 91 ESR-related and 92 JC-related genes in SJIA. For POLY, 20 ESR-related and 0 JC-related genes were found. Using Ingenuity Systems Pathways Analysis, we identified SJIA ESR-related and JC-related pathways. The two sets of pathways are strongly correlated. In contrast, there is a weaker correlation between SJIA and POLY ESR-related pathways. Notably, distinct biological processes were found to correlate with JC in samples from the earlier systemic plus arthritic phase (SAF) of SJIA compared to samples from the later arthritis-predominant phase (AF). Within the SJIA SAF group, IL-10 expression was related to JC, whereas lack of IL-4 appeared to characterize the chronic arthritis (AF) subgroup. CONCLUSIONS The strong correlation between pathways implicated in elevations of both ESR and JC in SJIA argues that the systemic and arthritic components of the disease are related mechanistically. Inflammatory pathways in SJIA are distinct from those in POLY course JIA, consistent with differences in clinically appreciated target organs. The limited number of ESR-related SJIA genes that also are associated with elevations of ESR in POLY implies that the SJIA associations are specific for SJIA, at least to some degree. The distinct pathways associated with arthritis in early and late SJIA raise the possibility that different immunobiology underlies arthritis over the course of SJIA.
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IL-23A, IL-23R, IL-17A and IL-17R polymorphisms in different psoriatic arthritis clinical manifestations in the northern Italian population. Rheumatol Int 2012; 33:1165-76. [PMID: 22955875 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-012-2501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the genetic variability of IL-17A, IL17-RA, IL-23A and IL-23R genes on an in-depth phenotypically characterized northern Italian Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) case-control cohort, in search for associations specific to different PsA clinical sub-phenotypes. We examined 118 patients with PsA according to CASPAR criteria (mean age 57 ± 13, female 38.4 %, mean disease duration 13.9 ± 8.6 years, peripheral disease 83.8 %, axial manifestations 34.5 %, radiological erosive disease 49 %) compared with 248 controls of the same ethnic origin matched for age and sex. The presence of axial disease was defined by the clinical axial involvement and/or the presence of radiological alteration consistent with spondyloarthropathy according to New York criteria. The presence of peripheral disease (arthritis and/or enthesitis) was defined only on clinical basis. A total of 40 SNPs, mapping within the genes mentioned above, were genotyped in both groups and used to perform association analyses by subdividing the PsA sample into subgroups according to different clinical manifestations on the basis of axial and peripheral involvements. No differences between patients and controls were found in the distribution of the IL-17A, IL17-RA, IL-23A and IL-23R genes allelic variants. Comparing patients with axial disease versus those without, we found that axial manifestations were significantly associated with the presence of IL-23R rs12401432 GG homozygosity (26.8 % vs. 5.3 %, p corr = 0.019, OR 2.63 [95 % CI 1.13-6.16]). No differences in distribution of the allelic variants were found comparing patients with versus those without peripheral disease or patients with versus without radiological peripheral erosions. In PA patients of northern Italian origin, IL-17A, IL17-RA, IL-23A and IL-23R genes allelic variants are not associated with disease susceptibility. However, a strong association with the IL-23RA rs12401432 GG genotype is associated with axial involvement of the disease.
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Biomarker in der Rheumatologie. Z Rheumatol 2012; 71:314-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00393-011-0781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jordan C, Cao L, Roberson E, Pierson K, Yang CF, Joyce C, Ryan C, Duan S, Helms C, Liu Y, Chen Y, McBride A, Hwu WL, Wu JY, Chen YT, Menter A, Goldbach-Mansky R, Lowes M, Bowcock A. PSORS2 is due to mutations in CARD14. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:784-95. [PMID: 22521418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, immune-mediated genetic disorder of the skin and is associated with arthritis in approximately 30% of cases. Previously, we localized PSORS2 (psoriasis susceptibility locus 2) to chromosomal region 17q25.3-qter after a genome-wide linkage scan in a family of European ancestry with multiple cases of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Linkage to PSORS2 was also observed in a Taiwanese family with multiple psoriasis-affected members. In caspase recruitment domain family, member 14 (CARD14), we identified unique gain-of-function mutations that segregated with psoriasis by using genomic capture and DNA sequencing. The mutations c.349G>A (p.Gly117Ser) (in the family of European descent) and c.349+5G>A (in the Taiwanese family) altered splicing between CARD14 exons 3 and 4. A de novo CARD14 mutation, c.413A>C (p.Glu138Ala), was detected in a child with sporadic, early-onset, generalized pustular psoriasis. CARD14 activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), and compared with wild-type CARD14, the p.Gly117Ser and p.Glu138Ala substitutions were shown to lead to enhanced NF-kB activation and upregulation of a subset of psoriasis-associated genes in keratinocytes. These genes included chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) and interleukin 8 (IL8). CARD14 is localized mainly in the basal and suprabasal layers of healthy skin epidermis, whereas in lesional psoriatic skin, it is reduced in the basal layer and more diffusely upregulated in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis. We propose that, after a triggering event that can include epidermal injury, rare gain-of-function mutations in CARD14 initiate a process that includes inflammatory cell recruitment by keratinocytes. This perpetuates a vicious cycle of epidermal inflammation and regeneration, a cycle which is the hallmark of psoriasis.
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Pál Z, Varga Z, Semsei Á, Reményi V, Rózsa C, Falus A, Illes Z, Buzás EI, Molnar MJ. Interleukin-4 receptor alpha polymorphisms in autoimmune myasthenia gravis in a Caucasian population. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:193-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Perricone C, Ceccarelli F, Valesini G. An overview on the genetic of rheumatoid arthritis: a never-ending story. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:599-608. [PMID: 21545847 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory, multi-factorial disease sustained by environmental and genetic factors. These seem to be necessary but not sufficient in the disease development, nonetheless they can be responsible of different clinical pictures and response to therapy, and they can represent potential therapeutic targets. Several genes have been indicated so far in the pathogenesis of RA. The most important region is the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) that contributes to approximately half of the genetic susceptibility for RA. The association seems to be stronger or specific for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies positive disease. Several alleles in the epitope-recognition part of the HLA molecule that show the highest association with RA susceptibility, also share a common string of amminoacid residues (the so-called shared-epitope hypothesis). Other variants in potentially pathogenic genes located in non-MHC regions have been implicated by recently performed genome wide analysis studies. These genes include PTPN22, TRAF1-C5, PADI4, STAT4. Other polymorphisms seem to be responsible for more aggressive disease phenotype such as those located at TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-4, IL-5, OPN, PRF1. However, still nowadays, the genetic background of RA remains to be clearly depicted, and the efforts in the post-genomic era can bring to an estimation of the real likelihood of the genetic effect on RA. Finally, the discovery of new genes associated with the disease can be relevant in finding potential biomarkers, potentially useful in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Perricone
- Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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Hussein Y, El-Tarhouny S, Mohamed R, Pasha H, Abul-Saoud A. Association of interleukin-4 receptor gene polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis in Egyptian female patients. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 79:38-42. [PMID: 21497535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is a feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and its receptor in the pathogenesis of RA is conflicting. We aim to investigate the role of polymorphisms in the IL-4Rα gene in susceptibility and severity of RA. METHODS One hundred and seventy-two RA patients and 172 controls were enrolled in the study. Genotyping of IL-4Rα I50V (rs1805010) and IL-4Rα Q576R (rs1801275) was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS IL-4Rα I50V genotype was significantly more frequent in patients with RA than in controls (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1-3.7, P: 0.035). Subjects with IL-4Rα V50V genotype were significantly more likely to have erosive arthropathy (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1-6.1, P: 0.02). The frequencies of IL-4Rα Q576R genotype were significantly decreased in patients with erosive RA compared to patients with nonerosive RA (31.6% versus 48.2%, OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1-7.7, P: 0.04). CONCLUSION IL-4Rα polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to RA and may be helpful in early detection of erosive RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousri Hussein
- Medical biochemistry department, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Emonts M, Hazes MJMW, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, van der Gaast-de Jongh CE, de Vogel L, Han HKH, Wouters JMGW, Laman JD, Dolhain RJEM. Polymorphisms in genes controlling inflammation and tissue repair in rheumatoid arthritis: a case control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:36. [PMID: 21385363 PMCID: PMC3060109 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Various cytokines and inflammatory mediators are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that polymorphisms in selected inflammatory response and tissue repair genes contribute to the susceptibility to and severity of RA. Methods Polymorphisms in TNFA, IL1B, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, PAI1, NOS2a, C1INH, PARP, TLR2 and TLR4 were genotyped in 376 Caucasian RA patients and 463 healthy Caucasian controls using single base extension. Genotype distributions in patients were compared with those in controls. In addition, the association of polymorphisms with the need for anti-TNF-α treatment as a marker of RA severity was assessed. Results The IL8 781 CC genotype was associated with early onset of disease. The TNFA -238 G/A polymorphism was differentially distributed between RA patients and controls, but only when not corrected for age and gender. None of the polymorphisms was associated with disease severity. Conclusions We here report an association between IL8 781 C/T polymorphism and age of onset of RA. Our findings indicate that there might be a role for variations in genes involved in the immune response and in tissue repair in RA pathogenesis. Nevertheless, additional larger genomic and functional studies are required to further define their role in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Emonts
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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A polymorphism in the interleukin-4 receptor affects the ability of interleukin-4 to regulate Th17 cells: a possible immunoregulatory mechanism for genetic control of the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R15. [PMID: 21294892 PMCID: PMC3241359 DOI: 10.1186/ar3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is now suspected to be driven by pathogenic Th17 cells that secrete interleukin (IL)-17 and can be regulated by IL-4. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), I50V, in the coding region of the human IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) is associated with rapid development of erosive disease in RA. The present study was undertaken to determine whether this SNP renders the IL-4R less able to transduce signals that regulate IL-17 production. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were activated under Th17-stimulating conditions in the presence or absence of IL-4, and IL-17 production was measured by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry. Serum IL-17 was also measured by ELISA. Paired comparisons were performed using the two-tailed t-test. IL-4 receptor gene alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results In healthy individuals, IL-4 significantly inhibited IL-17 production by cells from subjects with the I/I genotype (P = 0.0079) and the I/V genotype (P = 0.013), but not the V/V genotype (P > 0.05). In a cross-sectional sample of patients with established RA, the magnitude of the in vitro effect of IL-4 was lower and was not associated with a specific IL-4R allele. Serum IL-17 levels were higher in RA patients than in healthy individuals, as was the percentage of CD4+ cells that produced IL-17. Conclusions These results indicate that an inherited polymorphism of the IL-4R controls the ability of the human immune system to regulate the magnitude of IL-17 production. However, in established RA, this pattern may be altered, possibly due to secondary effects of both RA itself as well as immunomodulatory medications. Ineffective control of Th17 immune responses is a potential mechanism to explain why IL-4R is an important severity gene in RA, but this issue will require careful study of a cohort of new-onset RA patients.
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Bichenkova EV, Lang Z, Yu X, Rogert C, Douglas KT. DNA-mounted self-assembly: New approaches for genomic analysis and SNP detection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1809:1-23. [PMID: 21111076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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[How do T-cells become activated in joints?]. Z Rheumatol 2010; 69:738, 740-2. [PMID: 20862478 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-010-0698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated CD4+ T-cells are found in joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and are involved in the joint destroying autoimmune response. Besides proinflammatory cytokine production T-cells are indispensable for the activation of B-cells, the so-called T-cell help for B-cells. However, the recognition of autoantigens by T-cells seems of utmost importance for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Selective inhibition of this process is therefore one of the most interesting therapeutic targets for the future.
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Burgos PI, Causey ZL, Tamhane A, Kelley JM, Brown EE, Hughes LB, Danila MI, van Everdingen A, Conn DL, Jonas BL, Callahan LF, Smith EA, Brasington RD, Moreland LW, van der Heijde DM, Alarcón GS, Bridges SL. Association of IL4R single-nucleotide polymorphisms with rheumatoid nodules in African Americans with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R75. [PMID: 20444266 PMCID: PMC2911851 DOI: 10.1186/ar2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine whether IL4R single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1805010 (I50V) and rs1801275 (Q551R), which have been associated with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients of European ancestry, relate to the presence of rheumatoid nodules and radiographic erosions in African Americans. METHODS Two IL4R SNPs, rs1805010 and rs1801275, were genotyped in 749 patients from the Consortium for Longitudinal Evaluation of African-Americans with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (CLEAR) registries. End points were rheumatoid nodules defined as present either by physical examination or by chest radiography and radiographic erosions (radiographs of hands/wrists and feet were scored using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde system). Statistical analyses were performed by using logistic regression modeling adjusted for confounding factors. RESULTS Of the 749 patients with RA, 156 (20.8%) had rheumatoid nodules, with a mean age of 47.0 years, 84.6% female gender, and median disease duration of 1.9 years. Of the 461 patients with available radiographic data, 185 (40.1%) had erosions (score>0); their mean age was 46.7 years; 83.3% were women; and median disease duration was 1.5 years. Patients positive for HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) and autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)) had a higher risk of developing rheumatoid nodules in the presence of the AA and AG alleles of rs1801275 (odds ratio (OR)adj=8.08 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60-40.89), P=0.01 and ORadj=2.97 (95% CI, 1.08 to 8.17), P=0.04, respectively). Likewise, patients positive for the HLA-DRB1 SE and RF alone had a higher risk of developing rheumatoid nodules in presence of the AA and AG alleles of rs1801275 (ORadj=8.45 (95% CI, 1.57 to 45.44), P=0.01, and ORadj=3.57 (95% CI, 1.18 to 10.76), P=0.02, respectively) and in the presence of AA allele of rs1805010 (ORadj=4.52 (95% CI, 1.20 to 17.03), P=0.03). No significant association was found between IL4R and radiographic erosions or disease susceptibility, although our statistical power was limited by relatively small numbers of cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS We found that IL4R SNPs, rs1801275 and rs1805010, are associated with rheumatoid nodules in autoantibody-positive African-American RA patients with at least one HLA-DRB1 allele encoding the SE. These findings highlight the need for analysis of genetic factors associated with clinical RA phenotypes in different racial/ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I Burgos
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amalia van Everdingen
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Doyt L Conn
- Emory University, 571 Kilgo Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322-1120, USA
| | - Beth L Jonas
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leigh F Callahan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Edwin A Smith
- Medical University of South Carolina, Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC29425, USA
| | - Richard D Brasington
- Washington University in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108-2259, USA
| | - Larry W Moreland
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
- Current address: The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Andrade LEC. Future perspective for diagnosis in autoimmune diseases. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2010; 81:367-80. [PMID: 19722009 DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652009000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beings have taken successive approaches for the understanding and management of diseases. Initially brewed in supernatural concepts and mystical procedures, a vigorous scientific approach has emerged on the grounds of fundamental disciplines such as anatomy, microbiology, biochemistry, physiology, immunology, pathology, and pharmacology. The resulting integrated knowledge contributed to the current classification of diseases and the way Medicine is carried out today. Despite considerable progress, this approach is rather insufficient when it comes to systemic inflammatory conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, that covers clinical conditions ranging from mild pauci-symptomatic diseases to rapidly fatal conditions. The treatment for such conditions is often insufficient and novel approaches are needed for further progress in these areas of Medicine. A recent breakthrough has been achieved with respect to chronic auto-inflammatory syndromes, in which molecular dissection of underlying gene defects has provided directions for target-oriented therapy. Such approach may be amenable to application in systemic auto-immune diseases with the comprehension that such conditions may be the consequence of interaction of specific environmental stimuli and an array of several and interconnected gene polymorphisms. On the bulk of this transformation, the application of principles of pharmacogenetics may lead the way towards a progressively stronger personalized Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E C Andrade
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Sarkar S, Cooney LA, White P, Dunlop DB, Endres J, Jorns JM, Wasco MJ, Fox DA. Regulation of pathogenic IL-17 responses in collagen-induced arthritis: roles of endogenous interferon-gamma and IL-4. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R158. [PMID: 19852819 PMCID: PMC2787258 DOI: 10.1186/ar2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin (IL)-17 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and the mouse model collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Interferon(IFN)-gamma and IL-4 have been shown to suppress Th17 development in vitro, but their potential immunoregulatory roles in vivo are uncertain. The goals of this study were to determine the relationship between Th17 responses and disease severity in CIA and to assess regulation of IL-17 by endogenous IFN-gamma and IL-4. METHODS DBA1/LacJ mice were immunized with type II collagen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to induce arthritis, and treated with neutralizing antibody to IFN-gamma and/or IL-4. Systemic IL-17, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 were measured in serum. At the peak of disease, cytokine production was measured by ELISA of supernatants from spleen, lymph node and paw cultures. Paws were also scored for histologic severity of arthritis. RESULTS Joint inflammation was associated with a higher ratio of systemic IL-17/IFN-gamma. Neutralization of IFN-gamma accelerated the course of CIA and was associated with increased IL-17 levels in the serum and joints. The IFN-gamma/IL-4/IL-17 responses in the lymphoid organ were distinct from such responses in the joints. Neutralization of IL-4 led to increased arthritis only in the absence of IFN-gamma and was associated with increased bone and cartilage damage without an increase in the levels of IL-17. CONCLUSIONS IL-4 and IFN-gamma both play protective roles in CIA, but through different mechanisms. Our data suggests that the absolute level of IL-17 is not the only determinant of joint inflammation. Instead, the balance of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines control the immune events leading to joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Sarkar
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Rm 6310, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.
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Ford AQ, Heller NM, Stephenson L, Boothby MR, Keegan AD. An atopy-associated polymorphism in the ectodomain of the IL-4R(alpha) chain (V50) regulates the persistence of STAT6 phosphorylation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:1607-16. [PMID: 19592641 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several commonly occurring polymorphisms in the IL-4R(alpha) have been associated with atopy in humans; the Q576R and the S503P polymorphisms reside in the cytoplasmic domain, whereas the I50 to V50 polymorphism resides in the extracellular domain of the IL-4R(alpha). The effects of these polymorphisms on signaling remain controversial. To determine the effect of the polymorphisms on IL-4 signaling in human cells, we stably transfected the human monocytic cell line U937 with murine IL-4R(alpha) cDNA bearing the I or V at position 50 and the P503/R576 double mutant. Each form of the murine IL-4R(alpha) mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT6 in response to murine IL-4 treatment similar to the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation by human IL-4 signaling through the endogenous human IL-4R(alpha). After IL-4 removal, tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT6 rapidly decayed in cells expressing I50 or P503R576 murine IL-4Ralpha. In contrast, STAT6 remained significantly phosphorylated for several hours after murine IL-4 withdrawal in cells expressing the V50 polymorphism. This persistence in tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT6 was associated with persistence in CIS mRNA expression. Blocking IL-4 signaling during the decay phase using the JAK inhibitor AG490 or the anti-IL-4R(alpha) Ab M1 abrogated the persistence of phosphorylated STAT6 observed in the V50-IL-4R(alpha)-expressing cells. These results indicate that the V50 polymorphism promotes sustained STAT6 phosphorylation and that this process is mediated by continued engagement of IL-4R(alpha), suggesting enhanced responses of V50 IL-4R when IL-4 is limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Q Ford
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Chatterjee A, Rathore A, Dhole TN. Association of IL-4 589 C/T promoter and IL-4RalphaI50V receptor polymorphism with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in North Indians. J Med Virol 2009; 81:959-65. [PMID: 19382262 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course and outcome of HIV-1 infection are highly variable among individuals. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a key T helper 2 cytokine with various immune-modulating functions including induction of immunoglobulin E (IgE) production in B cells, downregulation of CCR5 and upregulation of CXCR4, the main co-receptors for HIV. Our objective is to investigate whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-4 promoter 589 C/T and IL-4 Ralpha I50V affect the susceptibility to HIV infection and its progression to AIDS in North Indian individuals. The study population consisted of 180 HIV-1 seropositive (HSP) stratified on the basis of disease severity (stage I, II, III), 50 HIV-1 exposed seronegative (HES), and 305 HIV-1 seronegative (HSN) individuals. The subjects were genotyped for IL-4 589 C/T promoter polymorphism and IL-4 Ralpha I50V by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results showed that IL-4 589 C/T was not associated with the risk of HIV infection and disease progression. However, the IL-4Ralpha I50 allele and genotype was significantly increased in HSP compared to HSN and HSP and was associated with risk of HIV infection. The frequency of IL-4Ralpha I50 allele in the HSP group was higher than in HSN (76.11 vs. 64.75%; P = 0.000; OR = 1.734) and HES (76.11% vs. 62.00%; P = 0.007; OR = 1.953). Homozygous IL-4Ralpha I50I genotype was significantly increased in HSP group compared with HSN (58.88% vs. 44.26%; P = 0.002; OR = 1.804) and HES (58.88% vs. 42.00%; P = 0.038; OR = 1.978). The present study for the first time suggests an association of IL-4Ralpha I50 allele with increased likelihood of HIV-1 infection in North Indian population. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and understand the effect of IL-4Ralpha polymorphism on the outcome of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Möglichkeiten und Grenzen genomischer Analysen bei rheumatoider Arthritis. Z Rheumatol 2009; 68:65-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00393-008-0408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Over the past decade and a half, advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have translated directly into benefit for patients. Much of this benefit has arisen through the introduction of targeted biological therapies. At the same time, technological advances have made it possible to define, at the cellular and molecular levels, the key pathways that influence the initiation and persistence of chronic inflammatory autoimmune reactions. As our understanding grows, it is likely that this knowledge will be translated into a second generation of biological therapies that are tailor-made for the patient. This review summarizes current perspectives on RA disease pathogenesis, with particular emphasis on what RA T cells look like, what they are likely to see, and how they contribute to persistence of the chronic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Cope
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London, W6 8LH, UK.
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Marinou I, Till SH, Moore DJ, Wilson AG. Lack of association or interactions between the IL-4, IL-4Ralpha and IL-13 genes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R80. [PMID: 18625055 PMCID: PMC2575626 DOI: 10.1186/ar2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several recent studies have implicated polymorphism in the IL-4 signalling pathway in the development of erosive RA. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of polymorphism in the IL-4, IL-4Rα and IL-13 genes in RA, including an examination of epistasis. Methods A total of 965 Caucasian patients with RA (cases) and 988 healthy control individuals (controls) were genotyped for five variants in the IL-4/IL-13 gene cluster (5q31.1) and two functional variants IL-4Rα (16p12.1). Individual genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls. The odd ratios were calculated with asymptotic 95% confidence intervals, and P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The potential association with radiological joint damage was also examined. Potential gene interactions were assessed using both stratified analysis and the linkage disequilibrium-based statistic. Results Genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies were equally distributed between RA cases and controls. Similarly, no association was detected between these variants and modified Larsen scores. Furthermore, no evidence of epistasis was detected between IL-4 or IL-13 genotypes and IL-4Rα. Conclusion These results indicate that common variants of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway do not significantly contribute to RA susceptibility and radiological severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Marinou
- Section of Musculoskeletal Sciences, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Rahman P, Snelgrove T, Peddle L, Siannis F, Farewell V, Schentag C, Gladman D. A variant of theIL4I50V single‐nucleotide polymorphism is associated with erosive joint disease in psoriatic arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:2207-8. [DOI: 10.1002/art.23558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Advances in the genetics of rheumatoid arthritis point to subclassification into distinct disease subsets. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:205. [PMID: 18394179 PMCID: PMC2453775 DOI: 10.1186/ar2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years considerable advances have been made in the genetics of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). For decades the HLA-DRB1 alleles were the only extensively replicated genetic factor, but more genetic risk factors have now been identified that predispose to RA. Interestingly, several of the observed genetic variants conferred risk to anticitrulline-peptide antibody (ACPA)-positive RA and two variants may be restricted to ACPA-negative RA, pointing to the need for subclassification of RA. The current manuscript reviews recently identified genetic factors predisposing to ACPA-positive RA and ACPA-negative RA. Additionally, although being scarcely explored, genetic variants affecting the severity of disease course are discussed.
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Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most frequently occurring genetic variation in the human genome, with the total number of SNPs reported in public SNP databases currently exceeding 9 million. SNPs are important markers in many studies that link sequence variations to phenotypic changes; such studies are expected to advance the understanding of human physiology and elucidate the molecular bases of diseases. For this reason, over the past several years a great deal of effort has been devoted to developing accurate, rapid, and cost-effective technologies for SNP analysis, yielding a large number of distinct approaches. This article presents a review of SNP genotyping techniques and examines their principles of genotype determination in terms of allele differentiation strategies and detection methods. Further, several current biomedical applications of SNP genotyping are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which early aggressive therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs can improve outcome and prevent joint damage. While such therapy is effective, its application can be limited by diagnostic uncertainty in patients with early inflammatory arthritis and concerns about treatment of patients whose disease would remit spontaneously. The purpose of current research is therefore to identify prognostic markers of early disease and to determine the role of aggressive treatment strategies in inducing remission in such patients. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has provided new information on genetic markers predicting rapid progression of joint destruction; the role of serology, in particularly, antibodies to citrullinated peptides in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis; the utility of radiographic techniques in detecting both early synovitis and bone erosion; and the value of combination therapy in controlling signs, symptoms and radiographic progression. Recent clinical studies support the efficacy of a combination of methotrexate with a biological agent, especially a tumor-necrosis-factor blocker, in reducing disease activity. SUMMARY While current treatment approaches can produce significant benefits in patients with early arthritis, future investigation is needed to target therapy more selectively and to determine which patients respond best to various agents or combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Mitchell
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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Lundy SK, Sarkar S, Tesmer LA, Fox DA. Cells of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. T lymphocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 9:202. [PMID: 17306038 PMCID: PMC1860060 DOI: 10.1186/ar2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have substantiated the importance of T lymphocytes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we review emerging data regarding genetic predisposition, spontaneous animal models of arthritis, and cell-cell interactions that implicate T cells as driving synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Information regarding the proinflammatory role of interleukin-17-producing T cells and the functional state of regulatory T cells both in animal models and in patients with RA is also discussed. In light of the overwhelming evidence that disrupted T-cell homeostasis greatly contributes to joint pathology in RA, the therapeutic potential of targeting activators of pro-inflammatory T cells or their products is compelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Lundy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Rheumatic Diseases Core Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 4043 Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg., 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Sujata Sarkar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Rheumatic Diseases Core Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 4043 Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg., 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Laura A Tesmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Rheumatic Diseases Core Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 4043 Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg., 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - David A Fox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Rheumatic Diseases Core Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 4043 Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg., 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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Landi S, Bottari F, Gemignani F, Gioia-Patricola L, Guino E, Osorio A, de Oca J, Capella G, Canzian F, Moreno V. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-4 receptor polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:762-8. [PMID: 17258448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) modulate inflammation and are associated with the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma progression and the metastatic capacity. IL-4 also causes a dose-dependent reduction of proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether genetic variants within IL4 and IL4R could affect the individual risk to develop colorectal cancer. We genotyped all the polymorphisms coding for an aminoacidic change in IL4R and we used a haplotype-tagging SNP approach for IL4. We carried out a case-control association study by genotyping, with the 5' nuclease assay, two common SNPs within IL4 (-588C>T, Ex1-168G>A) and five SNPs within IL4R (I75V, C431R, S436L, S503P, Q576R) in 377 cases of colorectal cancer and 326 controls from Spain. No statistically significant association between the SNPs investigated and colorectal cancer risk was found, as main effects. When the sub-analyses were carried out, the homozygotes for IL4 -588C>T or for Ex1-168G>A showed an increased risk for colon cancer only, with the odds ratios of 4 (95% CI 0.97-16.6; P-interaction=0.016 and 4.66 (95% CI 1.16-18.77; P-interaction=0.023), respectively. Moreover, women showed a significant increased risk associated to the IL4 rare alleles and this was clearly greater than that in men (for Ex1-168G>A: OR=1.96; 95% CI=1.11-3.47; P-interaction=0.006). However, when sub-groups are analysed, the findings should be taken with caution for the weakening of the statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Landi
- Genetics - Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via S. Giuseppe 22, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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