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McAtee D, Abdelmoneim A. A peripheral irritant motor response (PIMR) assay to identify chemical-induced locomotor deficits in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicology 2025; 108:344-353. [PMID: 40348092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2025.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2025] [Accepted: 05/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavioral assays provide valuable insights into the effects of environmental chemicals on the developing nervous system, primarily through motor responses triggered by stimuli-induced CNS activation. However, as these responses rely on the locomotor integrity of larval zebrafish, chemical-induced impairments to their locomotor capacity could obscure behavioral observations and confound findings concerning the developmental neurotoxicity of the tested chemicals. This limitation emphasizes the need for supporting assays designed to specifically evaluate the locomotor capacity of larval zebrafish. In the present study, we evaluated the use of peripheral irritant-elicited motor responses as a method to identify chemical-induced locomotor deficits. The motor activity of 120 hours post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish larvae exposed to different concentrations of two peripheral stimulants-mustard oil and cinnamon oil-was evaluated. Subsequently, we assessed changes to central (visual and acoustic) and peripheral (irritant) motor responses after tricaine-s (MS-222; neurodepressant) and tubocurarine (neuromuscular blocker) exposures. Additional investigations were also carried out to assess the central and peripheral motor activity of larvae after developmental exposures (114 h) to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)-two suggested developmental neurotoxic environmental contaminants. Our observations revealed that exposure to mustard oil (12.5 µM) elicits the strongest motor response. Larvae exposed to MS-222 showed decreases in motor responses to visual and acoustic stimuli, but the same exposure induced limited effects on motor responses elicited by the peripheral irritant. Exposure to tubocurarine depressed all motor responses examined. Finally, both Pb and Cd exposures induced hypoactivation of central motor responses, but only Cd showed a significant depression in the peripheral irritant motor response (PIMR) in both intact and developmentally deformed larvae. This finding suggests that loss of locomotor capacity might be confounding the behavioral observations associated with Cd exposures. This research underscores the utility of this zebrafish-based PIMR assay in elucidating locomotor impairments induced by chemicals, which may obscure the behavioral findings of motor response assays designed to evaluate developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrius McAtee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoneim
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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2
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Guo D, Song W, Liu M, Jiang H, Wang X, Jia Z, Xu B. Integration of histopathology, transcriptomics and non-targeted metabolomics reveals toxic effects of thiamethoxam under acute stress in mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Longke-11 mirror). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2025; 296:118162. [PMID: 40233660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2025] [Accepted: 04/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025]
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing application of thiamethoxam (THM), coupled with its high leaching and solubility in water, has led to growing concerns regarding THM residues in aquatic environments, which may pose toxic effects on aquatic organisms, particularly fish. However, the toxicological mechanisms of THM in freshwater fish remain unclear. In this study, using histopathology, transcriptomics, and non-targeted metabolomics, the toxic effects of different concentrations of THM under acute stress (96 h) were investigated in mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Longke-11 mirror). The results showed that under acute THM stress, liver tissues of the mirror carp exhibited vacuolation, cellular degeneration, and enhanced cytoplasmic eosinophilia, while gill tissues displayed epithelial structure loss, epithelial cell detachment, degeneration, and vacuolation, with the severity of lesions increasing with exposure concentration. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased with the concentration of THM. Genes related to immune response and antioxidant stress were mostly downregulated, while genes related to inflammation and apoptosis were predominantly upregulated. The downregulation of common DEGs (SLC7A11, ITLN, CDH17) further confirmed these results. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment in pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress, with the NF-kappa B signaling pathway identified as the key pathway affected. Metabolomic analysis showed that differentially expressed metabolites (SCMs) associated with amino acid and lipid metabolism were significantly downregulated. The downregulation of SCM acetylcysteine further affected the antioxidant capacity of mirror carp. Moreover, different concentrations of THM affected phenylalanine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in the liver of mirror carp. Integrated analysis of apoptosis-related factors (TP53INP1, PRF1, Sphingosine) upregulation and anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl2l1) downregulation suggested that THM induces apoptosis in mirror carp cells. These results indicate that THM stress affects the immune system, amino acid, and lipid metabolism in mirror carp, leading to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This study provides preliminary insights into the toxic mechanisms of THM in fish and can serve as a scientific basis for THM risk assessment and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchang Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Wenyang Song
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Manhong Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Haixia Jiang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Wildlife Diseases and Biosecurity Management, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040, PR China.
| | - Zhiying Jia
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Harbin, China, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Discipline Inspection Commission and Supervision Commission of Qiqihar City, Qiqihar City, PR China.
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Lachowicz-Radulska J, Widelski J, Nowaczyński F, Serefko A, Sobczyński J, Ludwiczuk A, Kasica N, Szopa A. Zebrafish as a Suitable Model for Utilizing the Bioactivity of Coumarins and Coumarin-Based Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:1444. [PMID: 40003910 PMCID: PMC11855297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26041444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the use of coumarin-derived compounds in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Coumarins, a class of naturally occurring compounds with diverse biological activities, including compounds such as coumarin, angelicin, and warfarin, have attracted considerable attention in the study of potential therapeutic agents for cancer, central nervous system disorders, and infectious diseases. The capabilities of coumarins as active compounds have led to synthesizing various derivatives with their own properties. While such variety is certainly promising, it is also cumbersome due to the large amount of research needed to find the most optimal compounds. The zebrafish model offers unique advantages for such studies, including high genetic and physiological homology to mammals, optical transparency of the embryos, and rapid developmental processes, facilitating the assessment of compound toxicity and underlying mechanisms of action. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the chemical properties of coumarins, their mechanisms of biological activity, and the results of previous studies evaluating the toxicity and efficacy of these compounds in zebrafish assays. The zebrafish model allows for a holistic assessment of the therapeutic potential of coumarin derivatives, offering valuable insights for advancing drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lachowicz-Radulska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.-R.); (F.N.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jarosław Widelski
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Filip Nowaczyński
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.-R.); (F.N.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.-R.); (F.N.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Sobczyński
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.-R.); (F.N.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Natalia Kasica
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.-R.); (F.N.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
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Mukherjee S, Mohanty AK, Chinnadurai RK, Barman DD, Poddar A. Zebrafish: A Cost-Effective Model for Enhanced Forensic Toxicology Capabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Cureus 2024; 16:e76223. [PMID: 39845220 PMCID: PMC11751116 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.76223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are increasingly challenged by the rising burden of medicolegal cases. Traditional forensic infrastructure and in vivo rodent models often have significant limitations due to high costs and ethical concerns. As a result, zebrafish (Danio rerio) are gaining popularity as an attractive alternative model for LMICs because of their cost-effectiveness and practical advantages. Zebrafish have a lower acquisition cost, require less demanding husbandry, and have rapid development cycles, all of which facilitate faster and more economical toxicological studies, even in limited laboratory space. Additionally, the optical transparency of zebrafish embryos and larvae allows for non-invasive in vivo observations, reducing the need for extra resources. Research has shown that zebrafish can effectively investigate the behavioral, developmental, and cardiotoxic effects of various novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), including synthetic opioids, cathinones, and hallucinogens. They also excel in metabolic profiling, producing a broader range of metabolites than other models, with significant overlap in human metabolism. The presence of mammalian-like metabolic enzymes further positions zebrafish as a valuable tool for understanding human NPS metabolism and predicting potential effects. Notably, they can identify metabolites that traditional models may not detect, underscoring their potential for novel metabolite discovery. Despite these advantages, standardizing data collection protocols and addressing interlaboratory variability are crucial challenges that must be overcome for the widespread adoption of the zebrafish model. However, ongoing global efforts are paving the way to address these limitations and ensure the successful integration of zebrafish models into the field of forensic toxicology. This review highlights the potential of zebrafish as a cost-effective and versatile model for LMICs, emphasizing their growing application in NPS research and forecasting broader adoption in forensic toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourik Mukherjee
- Zebrafish Research Unit, Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pondicherry, IND
| | - Aman K Mohanty
- Zebrafish Research Unit, Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pondicherry, IND
| | - Raj Kumar Chinnadurai
- Zebrafish Research Unit, Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pondicherry, IND
| | - Dipayan Deb Barman
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pondicherry, IND
| | - Abhijit Poddar
- Zebrafish Research Unit, Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pondicherry, IND
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5
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Ding X, Gao F, Chen L, Zeng Z, Zhao X, Wang Y, Cui H, Cui B. Size-dependent Effect on Foliar Utilization and Biocontrol Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate Delivery Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22558-22570. [PMID: 38637157 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The development of nanopesticides provides new avenues for pesticide reduction and efficiency improvement. However, the size effect of nanopesticides remains unclear, and its underlying mechanisms of influence have become a major obstacle in the design and application of pesticide nanoformulations. In this research, the noncarrier-coated emamectin benzoate (EB) solid dispersions (Micro-EB and Nano-EB) were produced under a constant surfactant-to-active ingredient ratio by a self-emulsifying-carrier solidification technique. The particle size of Micro-EB was 162 times that of spherical Nano-EB. The small size and large specific surface area of Nano-EB facilitated the adsorption of surfactants on the surface of the particles, thereby improving its dispersibility, suspensibility, and stability. The pinning effect of nanoparticles significantly suppressed droplet retraction and rebounding. Moreover, Nano-EB exhibited a 25% higher retention of the active ingredient on cabbage leaves and a 70% higher washing resistance than Micro-EB, and both were significantly different. The improvement of abilities in wetting, spreading, and retention of Nano-EB on crop leaves contributed to the increase in foliar utilization, which further resulted in a 1.6-fold enhancement of bioactivity against target Spodoptera exigua compared to Micro-EB. Especially, Nano-EB did not exacerbate the safety risk to the nontarget organism zebrafish with no significant difference. This study elaborates the size effect on the effectiveness and safety of pesticide formulations and lays a theoretical foundation for the development and rational utilization of efficient and environmentally friendly nanopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiquan Ding
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhanghua Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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6
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Lou Y, Lin C, Yang T, Sun Z, Lei L, Song Y, Huang C, Chen J. DDT exposure induces tremor-like behavior and neurotoxicity in developmental stages of embryonic zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:116001. [PMID: 38277973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a broad-spectrum insecticide, widely detected in environments due to its high stability characteristic and long natural half-life period. The adverse impact of DDT exposure on organisms and humans has attracted great concern worldwide. The current study explored the developmental and neurobehavioral toxicity response of DDT in embryonic zebrafish. The embryos were treated with DDT (0, 0.1, 1, 2.5 and 5 µM) during 6 h post fertilization (hpf) to 144 hpf. Our result indicated that DDT exposures increased the embryo hatching rate at 48 and 60 hpf, the larval malformation rate at 120 hpf and mortality rate at 144 hpf. The manifested malformations included uninflated swim bladder, bent spine and tail, deformed liver, and pericardial edema. The 120 hpf larval organs size of the gut and swim bladder was decreased in higher exposed concentration groups. Besides, DDT exposure resulted in hyperactivity for the embryo spontaneous movement at 24 hpf and tremor like movement measured by the free larval activity at 72 hpf, as well as the larval activity at 96 hpf under light-dark transition stimulus. Mechanistic examinations at 120 hpf revealed DDT exposure elevated oxidative stress through MDA formation increase, ATP level decrease as well as antioxidant enzyme genes (sod1 and gpx1a) expression decrease. DDT exposure induced abnormal neurotransmitters expression with DA level increase, 5-HT and NOS level decrease. DDT exposure suppressed the gene expressions involved in axon development (rab33a and nrxn2a) and potassium channel (kcnq2 and kcnq3). Our results suggest that the hyperactivity and tremor like movement in DDT-exposed embryos/larvae may result from oxidative stress involved with neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Lou
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Chengyin Lin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Tianpeng Yang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, School of Public health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Zhenkai Sun
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Pathology and Physiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, School of Public health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Changjiang Huang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, School of Public health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
| | - Jiangfei Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, School of Public health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Pathology and Physiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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7
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Verma SK, Nandi A, Sinha A, Patel P, Mohanty S, Jha E, Jena S, Kumari P, Ghosh A, Jerman I, Chouhan RS, Dutt A, Samal SK, Mishra YK, Varma RS, Panda PK, Kaushik NK, Singh D, Suar M. The posterity of Zebrafish in paradigm of in vivo molecular toxicological profiling. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116160. [PMID: 38237351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The aggrandised advancement in utility of advanced day-to-day materials and nanomaterials has raised serious concern on their biocompatibility with human and other biotic members. In last few decades, understanding of toxicity of these materials has been given the centre stage of research using many in vitro and in vivo models. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater fish and a member of the minnow family has garnered much attention due to its distinct features, which make it an important and frequently used animal model in various fields of embryology and toxicological studies. Given that fertilization and development of zebrafish eggs take place externally, they serve as an excellent model organism for studying early developmental stages. Moreover, zebrafish possess a comparable genetic composition to humans and share almost 70% of their genes with mammals. This particular model organism has become increasingly popular, especially for developmental research. Moreover, it serves as a link between in vitro studies and in vivo analysis in mammals. It is an appealing choice for vertebrate research, when employing high-throughput methods, due to their small size, swift development, and relatively affordable laboratory setup. This small vertebrate has enhanced comprehension of pathobiology and drug toxicity. This review emphasizes on the recent developments in toxicity screening and assays, and the new insights gained about the toxicity of drugs through these assays. Specifically, the cardio, neural, and, hepatic toxicology studies inferred by applications of nanoparticles have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Aditya Nandi
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India; Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Ealisha Jha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Snehasmita Jena
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Puja Kumari
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Aishee Ghosh
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Shailesh Kumar Samal
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Deobrat Singh
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Ma DD, Shi WJ, Li SY, Zhang JG, Lu ZJ, Long XB, Liu X, Huang CS, Ying GG. Ephedrine and cocaine cause developmental neurotoxicity and abnormal behavior in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106765. [PMID: 37979497 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Ephedrine (EPH) and cocaine (COC) are illegal stimulant drugs, and have been frequently detected in aquatic environments. EPH and COC have negative effects on the nervous system and cause abnormal behaviors in mammals and fish at high concentrations, but their mechanisms of neurotoxicity remain unclear in larvae fish at low concentrations. To address this issue, zebrafish embryos were exposed to EPH and COC for 14 days post-fertilization (dpf) at 10, 100, and 1000 ng L-1. The bioaccumulation, development, behavior, cell neurotransmitter levels and apoptosis were detected to investigate the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of EPH and COC. The results showed that EPH decreased heart rate, while COC increased heart rate. EPH caused cell apoptosis in the brain by AO staining. In addition, behavior analysis indicated that EPH and COC affected spontaneous movement, touch-response, swimming activity and anxiety-like behaviors. EPH and COC altered the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with changes of the transcription of genes related to the DA and GABA pathways. These findings indicated that EPH and COC had noticeable DNT in the early stage of zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China.
| | - Si-Ying Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-Ge Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Lu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Long
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Chu-Shu Huang
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China.
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Yin-Liao I, Mahabir PN, Fisk AT, Bernier NJ, Laberge F. Lingering Effects of Legacy Industrial Pollution on Yellow Perch of the Detroit River. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2158-2170. [PMID: 37341539 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
We used yellow perch (Perca flavescens) captured at four sites differing in legacy industrial pollution in the Lake St. Clair-Detroit River system to evaluate the lingering sublethal effects of industrial pollution. We emphasized bioindicators of direct (toxicity) and indirect (chronic stress, impoverished food web) effects on somatic and organ-specific growth (brain, gut, liver, heart ventricle, gonad). Our results show that higher sediment levels of industrial contaminants at the most downstream Detroit River site (Trenton Channel) are associated with increased perch liver detoxification activity and liver size, reduced brain size, and reduced scale cortisol content. Trenton Channel also displayed food web disruption, where adult perch occupied lower trophic positions than forage fish. Somatic growth and relative gut size were lower in perch sampled at the reference site in Lake St. Clair (Mitchell's Bay), possibly because of increased competition for resources. Models used to determine the factors contributing to site differences in organ growth suggest that the lingering effects of industrial pollution are best explained by trophic disruption. Thus, bioindicators of fish trophic ecology may prove advantageous to assess the health of aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2158-2170. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Yin-Liao
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pria N Mahabir
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron T Fisk
- School of the Environment, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Bernier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frédéric Laberge
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Desai JK, Trangadia BJ, Patel UD, Patel HB, Kalaria VA, Kathiriya JB. Neurotoxicity of 4-nonylphenol in adult zebrafish: Evaluation of behaviour, oxidative stress parameters and histopathology of brain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122206. [PMID: 37473849 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol and its derivatives use as plasticizer or additives in manufacturing industries. Effluents originated from industrial areas are being added to soil, ground water, river and marine water intentionally or unintentionally. Complex mixture of these contaminants enter the food chain and produce sub-lethal deleterious effects mainly on nervous and reproductive systems of aquatic animals and human beings. The information pertaining to oxidative stress-mediated alterations in brain of zebrafish would be helpful to understand the toxicity potential of such compounds in aquatic animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the behavioural changes, status of oxidative stress markers; sod, cat, and NF-E2-related factor 2 (nrf2) mRNA gene expression profile; and histopathological changes in the brain of adult zebrafish exposed to 4-nonylphenol (4NP) at concentration of 100 and 200 μg/L of water for 21 days. Zebrafish were divided into four groups viz; control (C1), vehicle (C2, ethanol 10 μg/L of water), treatment 1 (T1, 4-NP, 100 μg/L) and treatment 2 (T2, 4-NP, 200 μg/L). Both exposure levels of 4-NP adversely affected the exploratory behaviour of zebrafish and produced anxiety-like symptom. Concentration-dependent reduction in activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase; and glutathione level, with increased level of malondialdehyde recorded in the brain of exposed zebrafish. Gene expression analysis showed down regulation of sod, cat, nrf2 genes in brain of zebrafish from toxicity groups indicating 4-NP induced oxidative stress in brain. However, noticeable histological alterations were not observed in 4-NP exposed brain of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay K Desai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India.
| | - Bhavesh J Trangadia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India.
| | - Urvesh D Patel
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
| | - Harshad B Patel
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinay A Kalaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
| | - Jaysukh B Kathiriya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
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11
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Ahkin Chin Tai JK, Horzmann KA, Jenkins TL, Akoro IN, Stradtman S, Aryal UK, Freeman JL. Adverse developmental impacts in progeny of zebrafish exposed to the agricultural herbicide atrazine during embryogenesis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108213. [PMID: 37774458 PMCID: PMC10613503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide commonly used on crops in the Midwestern US and other select global regions. The US Environmental Protection Agency ATZ regulatory limit is 3 parts per billion (ppb; µg/L), but this limit is often exceeded. ATZ has a long half-life, is a common contaminant of drinking water sources, and is indicated as an endocrine disrupting chemical in multiple species. The zebrafish was used to test the hypothesis that an embryonic parental ATZ exposure alters protein levels leading to modifications in morphology and behavior in developing progeny. Zebrafish embryos (F1) were collected from adults (F0) exposed to 0, 0.3, 3, or 30 ppb ATZ during embryogenesis. Differential proteomics, morphology, and behavior assays were completed with offspring aged 120 or 144 h with no additional chemical treatment. Proteomic analysis identified differential expression of proteins associated with neurological development and disease; and organ and organismal morphology, development, and injury, specifically the skeletomuscular system. Head length and ratio of head length to total length was significantly increased in the F1 of 0.3 and 30 ppb ATZ groups (p < 0.05). Based on molecular pathway alterations, further craniofacial morphology assessment found decreased distance for cartilaginous structures, decreased surface area and distance between saccular otoliths, and a more posteriorly positioned notochord (p < 0.05), indicating delayed ossification and skeletal growth. The visual motor response assay showed hyperactivity in progeny of the 30 ppb treatment group for distance moved and of the 0.3 and 30 ppb treatment groups for time spent moving (p < 0.05). Due to the changes in saccular otoliths, an acoustic startle assay was completed and showed decreased response in the 0.3 and 30 ppb treatments (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that a single embryonic parental exposure alters cellular pathways in their progeny that lead to perturbations in craniofacial development and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine A Horzmann
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Thomas L Jenkins
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Isabelle N Akoro
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sydney Stradtman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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12
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Peivasteh-roudsari L, Barzegar-bafrouei R, Sharifi KA, Azimisalim S, Karami M, Abedinzadeh S, Asadinezhad S, Tajdar-oranj B, Mahdavi V, Alizadeh AM, Sadighara P, Ferrante M, Conti GO, Aliyeva A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Origin, dietary exposure, and toxicity of endocrine-disrupting food chemical contaminants: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18140. [PMID: 37539203 PMCID: PMC10395372 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a growing public health concern worldwide. Consumption of foodstuffs is currently thought to be one of the principal exposure routes to EDCs. However, alternative ways of human exposure are through inhalation of chemicals and dermal contact. These compounds in food products such as canned food, bottled water, dairy products, fish, meat, egg, and vegetables are a ubiquitous concern to the general population. Therefore, understanding EDCs' properties, such as origin, exposure, toxicological impact, and legal aspects are vital to control their release to the environment and food. The present paper provides an overview of the EDCs and their possible disrupting impact on the endocrine system and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raziyeh Barzegar-bafrouei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Kurush Aghbolagh Sharifi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shamimeh Azimisalim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Karami
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Abedinzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Asadinezhad
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behrouz Tajdar-oranj
- Food and Drug Administration of Iran, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,” Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,” Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Aynura Aliyeva
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology – State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
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Atheena Amar K, Ramachandran B. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS DIFFERENTIALLY MODULATE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOUR IN MALE AND FEMALE ZEBRAFISH. Behav Brain Res 2023; 450:114470. [PMID: 37148914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
How differently male and female responds in a stressful situation is a matter of curiosity. Apart from curiosity, this opens a new arena to the synthesis of personalized/individualized medications. Here, we used zebrafish, a suitable experimental animal model to study stress and anxiety. We evaluated the differential responses in adult male and female zebrafish on the acute exposure of three different stressors: Caffeine (100mg/L), Conspecific alarm substance (3.5ml/L), and sight of sympatric predators (Leaf fish and Snakehead) with the help of two different behavioural paradigms (Novel tank test & Predator exposure). Behavioural responses were captured over 6minutes and quantified using Smart 3.0. Male zebrafish were found to be more responsive to caffeine treatment. Conspecific alarm substance-challenged males and females showed robust alarm reactions whereas females were found to be more prone to it. Female zebrafish showed statistically significant aversion to the visual representation of sympatric predators. Taken together, each stressor induced differential responses in male and female zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Atheena Amar
- Neuronal Plasticity Group, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Malappuram, Kerala-673635, India
| | - Binu Ramachandran
- Neuronal Plasticity Group, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Malappuram, Kerala-673635, India.
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Jia X, Feng Y, Ma W, Zhao W, Liu Y, Jing G, Tian J, Yang T, Zhang C. A fluidic platform for mobility evaluation of zebrafish with gene deficiency. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1114928. [PMID: 37089692 PMCID: PMC10117665 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1114928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionZebrafish is a suitable animal model for molecular genetic tests and drug discovery due to its characteristics including optical transparency, genetic manipulability, genetic similarity to humans, and cost-effectiveness. Mobility of the zebrafish reflects pathological conditions leading to brain disorders, disrupted motor functions, and sensitivity to environmental challenges. However, it remains technologically challenging to quantitively assess zebrafish's mobility in a flowing environment and simultaneously monitor cellular behavior in vivo.MethodsWe herein developed a facile fluidic device using mechanical vibration to controllably generate various flow patterns in a droplet housing single zebrafish, which mimics its dynamically flowing habitats.ResultsWe observe that in the four recirculating flow patterns, there are two equilibrium stagnation positions for zebrafish constrained in the droplet, i.e., the “source” with the outward flow and the “sink” with the inward flow. Wild-type zebrafish, whose mobility remains intact, tend to swim against the flow and fight to stay at the source point. A slight deviation from streamline leads to an increased torque pushing the zebrafish further away, whereas zebrafish with motor neuron dysfunction caused by lipin-1 deficiency are forced to stay in the “sink,” where both their head and tail align with the flow direction. Deviation angle from the source point can, therefore, be used to quantify the mobility of zebrafish under flowing environmental conditions. Moreover, in a droplet of comparable size, single zebrafish can be effectively restrained for high-resolution imaging.ConclusionUsing the proposed methodology, zebrafish mobility reflecting pathological symptoms can be quantitively investigated and directly linked to cellular behavior in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Yibo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenju Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangyin Jing
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyin Jing
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
- Jing Tian
| | - Tao Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
- Tao Yang
| | - Ce Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
- Ce Zhang
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Park H, Song G, Hong T, An G, Park S, Lim W. Exposure to the herbicide fluridone induces cardiovascular toxicity in early developmental stages of zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161535. [PMID: 36638995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluridone is a systemic herbicide used to control a range of invasive aquatic plants in irrigation systems, lake, and reservoirs. Since aquatic herbicides are more likely to have a hazardous impact on ecosystems than terrestrially applied herbicides, a risk assessment is needed to determine whether to expand or limit their use. The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental toxicity of fluridone using zebrafish. Diverse toxicological results were observed for the sub-lethal endpoints, including lack of hatching, reduced heartbeat and disturbed blood circulation through dysmorphic heart, and edema formation. Abnormal apoptosis was observed in the brain and yolk sac of fluridone-exposed larvae. A computational analysis was used to predict chemical properties in non-target organisms and revealed that fluridone was highly relevant in the cardiovascular system. Double transgenic zebrafish (fli1a:EGFP;cmlc2:dsRed) were used to evaluate the effects of fluridone on the cardiovascular system during embryonic development. Ectopic growth of sub-intestinal vessels and sprouting angiogenesis in the hindbrain region were highly inhibited. Additionally, essential genes involved in the VEGF signaling and heart development were differentially expressed in dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our toxicological findings in fluridone exposure highlight defects in the cardiovascular development causing embryonic lethality that could damage aquatic communities and natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department of Plant & Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam 52725, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Le Mentec H, Monniez E, Legrand A, Monvoisin C, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Podechard N. A New In Vivo Zebrafish Bioassay Evaluating Liver Steatosis Identifies DDE as a Steatogenic Endocrine Disruptor, Partly through SCD1 Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043942. [PMID: 36835354 PMCID: PMC9959061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which starts with liver steatosis, is a growing worldwide epidemic responsible for chronic liver diseases. Among its risk factors, exposure to environmental contaminants, such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), has been recently emphasized. Given this important public health concern, regulation agencies need novel simple and fast biological tests to evaluate chemical risks. In this context, we developed a new in vivo bioassay called StAZ (Steatogenic Assay on Zebrafish) using an alternative model to animal experimentation, the zebrafish larva, to screen EDCs for their steatogenic properties. Taking advantage of the transparency of zebrafish larvae, we established a method based on fluorescent staining with Nile red to estimate liver lipid content. Following testing of known steatogenic molecules, 10 EDCs suspected to induce metabolic disorders were screened and DDE, the main metabolite of the insecticide DDT, was identified as a potent inducer of steatosis. To confirm this and optimize the assay, we used it in a transgenic zebrafish line expressing a blue fluorescent liver protein reporter. To obtain insight into DDE's effect, the expression of several genes related to steatosis was analyzed; an up-regulation of scd1 expression, probably relying on PXR activation, was found, partly responsible for both membrane remodeling and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Le Mentec
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Monniez
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- UMR 1236-MOBIDIC, INSERM, Université Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence:
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17
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Detection and modulation of neurodegenerative processes using graphene-based nanomaterials: Nanoarchitectonics and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 311:102824. [PMID: 36549182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are caused by progressive loss of functional neurons following the aggregation and fibrillation of proteins in the central nervous system. The incidence rate continues to rise alarmingly worldwide, particularly in aged population, and the success of treatment remains limited to symptomatic relief. Graphene nanomaterials (GNs) have attracted immense interest on the account of their unique physicochemical and optoelectronic properties. The research over the past two decades has recognized their ability to interact with aggregation-prone neuronal proteins, regulate autophagy and modulate the electrophysiology of neuronal cells. Graphene can prevent the formation of higher order protein aggregates and facilitate the clearance of such deposits. In this review, after highlighting the role of protein fibrillation in neurodegeneration, we have discussed how GN-protein interactions can be exploited for preventing neurodegeneration. A comprehensive understanding of such interactions would contribute to the exploration of novel modalities for controlling neurodegenerative processes.
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Frese L, Braunbeck T. Adapting classic paradigms to analyze alterations of shoal-wide behavior in early-life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) - A case study with fluoxetine. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 95:107136. [PMID: 36423854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Given the strong increase in prescription of neuroactive pharmaceuticals, neurotoxicity has received growing concern in science and the public. Regulatory requirements stimulated the development of new methods to evaluate the risk of neurotoxic substances for humans and the environment, and, with respect to potential damage to aquatic ecosystems, a variety of behavior-based assays have been proposed for neurotoxicity testing, most of which, however, are restricted to changes in the behavior of individual fish. Since many fish species form shoals under natural conditions, this may cause important aspects of behavior to be overlooked and there is a need for behavior assays integrating individual behavior with behavior of the entire swarm. In order to combine more environmentally realistic sub-chronic exposure scenarios with undistorted social behavior and animal welfare considerations, two behavioral assays are proposed that might be integrated into early-life stage toxicity studies according to OECD TG 210, which are commonly run for a multitude of regulations: To this end, protocols for a novel tank test and a predator response assay were adapted to also record the behavior of free-swimming zebrafish (Danio rerio) juveniles within shoals. Comparisons of the diving response (novel tank) or the shoal's coherence and position relative to the stimulus (predator) with control groups allow conclusions about the anxiety state of the fish, which might well have an impact on survival chances in the wild. As a model substance, the antidepressant fluoxetine ((RS)-N-Methyl-3-phenyl-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)propylamine) produced adverse effects down to concentrations three orders of magnitude below the EC10 from acute fish embryo toxicity tests according to OECD TG 236. With the integration of such behavior tests into OECD TG 210, important population-relevant information on potential neurotoxicity can be collected without increasing the number of experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Frese
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Martin NR, Patel R, Kossack ME, Tian L, Camarillo MA, Cintrón-Rivera LG, Gawdzik JC, Yue MS, Nwagugo FO, Elemans LMH, Plavicki JS. Proper modulation of AHR signaling is necessary for establishing neural connectivity and oligodendrocyte precursor cell development in the embryonic zebrafish brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1032302. [PMID: 36523606 PMCID: PMC9745199 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1032302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-[p]-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent global pollutant that exhibits a high affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand activated transcription factor. Epidemiological studies have associated AHR agonist exposure with multiple human neuropathologies. Consistent with the human data, research studies using laboratory models have linked pollutant-induced AHR activation to disruptions in learning and memory as well as motor impairments. Our understanding of endogenous AHR functions in brain development is limited and, correspondingly, scientists are still determining which cell types and brain regions are sensitive to AHR modulation. To identify novel phenotypes resulting from pollutant-induced AHR activation and ahr2 loss of function, we utilized the optically transparent zebrafish model. Early embryonic TCDD exposure impaired embryonic brain morphogenesis, resulted in ventriculomegaly, and disrupted neural connectivity in the optic tectum, habenula, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb. Altered neural network formation was accompanied by reduced expression of synaptic vesicle 2. Loss of ahr2 function also impaired nascent network development, but did not affect gross brain or ventricular morphology. To determine whether neural AHR activation was sufficient to disrupt connectivity, we used the Gal4/UAS system to express a constitutively active AHR specifically in differentiated neurons and observed disruptions only in the cerebellum; thus, suggesting that the phenotypes resulting from global AHR activation likely involve multiple cell types. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that TCDD exposure reduced the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and their derivatives. Together, our findings indicate that proper modulation of AHR signaling is necessary for the growth and maturation of the embryonic zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ratna Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Michelle E. Kossack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lucy Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Manuel A. Camarillo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Layra G. Cintrón-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joseph C. Gawdzik
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Monica S. Yue
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Favour O. Nwagugo
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Loes M. H. Elemans
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jessica S. Plavicki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,*Correspondence: Jessica S. Plavicki,
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20
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Victoria S, Hein M, Harrahy E, King-Heiden TC. Potency matters: Impacts of embryonic exposure to nAChR agonists thiamethoxam and nicotine on hatching success, growth, and neurobehavior in larval zebrafish. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:767-782. [PMID: 35650526 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam (TM) is a neonicotinoid insecticide that acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist. While designed to specifically target invertebrate nAChRs, recent studies have reported adverse effects of neonicotinoid exposure in early life-stage fish. This study examined the health and neurobehavioral impacts of chronic exposure to various concentrations of TM or nicotine (NIC) in early life zebrafish (Danio rerio) in conjunction with in-silico molecular docking to compare their ligand-receptor interactions with vertebrate nAChR. Chronic exposure to both reduced survival by approximately 20% (163 µg TM/l) and 25-100% (≥0.49 µg NIC/l). Hatching and growth were impaired following exposure to ≥0.21 µg TM/l or 4.9 µg NIC/l. Both TM and NIC produced morphological and behavioral indicators of neurotoxicity, with more potent effects following NIC exposure. NIC impaired embryonic motor activity by 40% (49 µg NIC/l), while both TM and NIC significantly altered predator escape response in larvae, specifically the latency and the initial burst movement of the response were impacted. Molecular docking predicted variations in the type and strength of interactions that occur between NIC or TM and vertebrate nAChR. These findings demonstrate that chronic exposure to TM might impact general health and neurobehavior of early-stage zebrafish. Our data support hypotheses that TM presents low affinity for vertebrate nAChR but may still pose an adverse risk to larval fish growth and neurobehavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla Victoria
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Megan Hein
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Elisabeth Harrahy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, MN, USA
| | - Tisha C King-Heiden
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
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21
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Demery-Poulos C, Chambers JM. Identification, conservation, and expression of tiered pharmacogenes in zebrafish. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273582. [PMID: 36040978 PMCID: PMC9426904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of adverse drug events in the United States is critically high, with annual rates exceeding 1 million cases over the last nine years. One cause of adverse drug events is the underlying genetic variation that can alter drug responses. Pharmacogenomics is a growing field that seeks to better understand the relationship between a patient’s genetics and drug efficacy. Currently, pharmacogenomics relies largely on human trials, as there is not a well-developed animal model for studying preventative measures and alternative treatments. Here, we analyzed pharmacogene expression at two developmental time points in zebrafish to demonstrate the potential of using this model organism for high-throughput pharmacogenomics research. We found that 76% of tiered human pharmacogenes have a zebrafish ortholog, and of these, many have highly conserved amino acid sequences. Additional gene ontology analysis was used to classify pharmacogenes and identify candidate pathways for future modeling in zebrafish. As precision medicine burgeons, adopting a high-throughput in vivo model such as the zebrafish could greatly increase our understanding of the molecular pathology underlying adverse drug events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Demery-Poulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Manchester University, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States
| | - Joseph M. Chambers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Manchester University, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States
- * E-mail:
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22
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Brotzmann K, Escher SE, Walker P, Braunbeck T. Potential of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo test to discriminate between chemicals of similar molecular structure-a study with valproic acid and 14 of its analogues. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3033-3051. [PMID: 35920856 PMCID: PMC9525359 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid is a frequently used antiepileptic drug and known pediatric hepatotoxic agent. In search of pharmaceuticals with increased effectiveness and reduced toxicity, analogue chemicals came into focus. So far, toxicity and teratogenicity data of drugs and metabolites have usually been collected from mammalian model systems such as mice and rats. However, in an attempt to reduce mammalian testing while maintaining the reliability of toxicity testing of new industrial chemicals and drugs, alternative test methods are being developed. To this end, the potential of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo to discriminate between valproic acid and 14 analogues was investigated by exposing zebrafish embryos for 120 h post fertilization in the extended version of the fish embryo acute toxicity test (FET; OECD TG 236), and analyzing liver histology to evaluate the correlation of liver effects and the molecular structure of each compound. Although histological evaluation of zebrafish liver did not identify steatosis as the prominent adverse effect typical in human and mice, the structure–activity relationship (SAR) derived was comparable not only to human HepG2 cells, but also to available in vivo mouse and rat data. Thus, there is evidence that zebrafish embryos might serve as a tool to bridge the gap between subcellular, cell-based systems and vertebrate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Brotzmann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sylvia E Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul Walker
- Cyprotex Discovery, No. 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Nether Alderley, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Lacy B, Rahman MS, Rahman MS. Potential mechanisms of Na +/K +-ATPase attenuation by heat and pesticides co-exposure in goldfish: role of cellular apoptosis, oxidative/nitrative stress, and antioxidants in gills. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57376-57394. [PMID: 35352221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the dose-dependent effects of an environmentally relevant pesticide cocktail (metalachlor, linuron, isoproturon, tebucanazole, aclonifen, atrazine, pendimethalin, and azinphos-methyl) and temperature change (22 vs. 32 °C for 4-week exposure) on Na+/K+-ATPase, 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP), dinitrophenyl protein (DNP), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expressions in gills of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Histopathological analysis showed widespread damage to gill in elevated temperature (32 °C) and pesticide co-exposure groups, including fusion of secondary lamellae, club-shaped primary lamellae, rupture of epithelial layer, loss of normal architecture, and hemorrhaging. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analyses showed significant decreases in Na+/K+-ATPase protein and mRNA expressions in gills exposed to higher temperature and pesticides; however, combined exposure to heat and pesticides significantly increases NTP, DNP, CAT, and SOD expressions. In situ TUNEL assay revealed elevated levels of apoptotic cells in response to combined exposure. Collectively, our results suggest the combined effects of heat and pesticide stress cause cellular damage, upregulate oxidative/nitrative stress biomarkers, and increase apoptotic cells, downregulate Na+/K+-ATPase expression in gills. This provides new evidence for oxidant/antioxidant-dependent mechanisms for downregulation of Na+/K+-ATPase expression in gills during combined exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Lacy
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Drive, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Md Sadequr Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Drive, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Drive, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.
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24
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Wlodkowic D, Bownik A, Leitner C, Stengel D, Braunbeck T. Beyond the behavioural phenotype: Uncovering mechanistic foundations in aquatic eco-neurotoxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154584. [PMID: 35306067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, there has been an increase in awareness of how anthropogenic pollution can alter behavioural traits of diverse aquatic organisms. Apart from understanding profound ecological implications, alterations in neuro-behavioural indices have emerged as sensitive and physiologically integrative endpoints in chemical risk assessment. Accordingly, behavioural ecotoxicology and broader eco-neurotoxicology are becoming increasingly popular fields of research that span a plethora of fundamental laboratory experimentations as well as applied field-based studies. Despite mounting interest in aquatic behavioural ecotoxicology studies, there is, however, a considerable paucity in deciphering the mechanistic foundations underlying behavioural alterations upon exposure to pollutants. The behavioural phenotype is indeed the highest-level integrative neurobiological phenomenon, but at its core lie myriads of intertwined biochemical, cellular, and physiological processes. Therefore, the mechanisms that underlie changes in behavioural phenotypes can stem among others from dysregulation of neurotransmitter pathways, electrical signalling, and cell death of discrete cell populations in the central and peripheral nervous systems. They can, however, also be a result of toxicity to sensory organs and even metabolic dysfunctions. In this critical review, we outline why behavioural phenotyping should be the starting point that leads to actual discovery of fundamental mechanisms underlying actions of neurotoxic and neuromodulating contaminants. We highlight potential applications of the currently existing and emerging neurobiology and neurophysiology analytical strategies that should be embraced and more broadly adopted in behavioural ecotoxicology. Such strategies can provide new mechanistic discoveries instead of only observing the end sum phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Carola Leitner
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Stengel
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Sahyoun C, Krezel W, Mattei C, Sabatier JM, Legros C, Fajloun Z, Rima M. Neuro- and Cardiovascular Activities of Montivipera bornmuelleri Snake Venom. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060888. [PMID: 35741410 PMCID: PMC9219918 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Snake venoms are rich in molecules acting on different biological systems, and they are responsible for the complications following snake bite envenoming. These bioactive molecules are of interest in pharmaceutical industries as templates for drug design. Different biological activities of Montivipera bornmuelleri snake venom have been already studied; however, the venom’s activity on the nervous system has not yet been studied, and its effect on the cardiovascular system needs further investigation. Herein, we show that this venom induces toxicity on the nervous system and disrupts the cardiovascular system, highlighting a broad spectrum of biological activities. Abstract The complications following snake bite envenoming are due to the venom’s biological activities, which can act on different systems of the prey. These activities arise from the fact that snake venoms are rich in bioactive molecules, which are also of interest for designing drugs. The venom of Montivipera bornmuelleri, known as the Lebanon viper, has been shown to exert antibacterial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory effects. However, the venom’s activity on the nervous system has not yet been studied, and its effect on the cardiovascular system needs further investigation. Because zebrafish is a convenient model to study tissue alterations induced by toxic agents, we challenged it with the venom of Montivipera bornmuelleri. We show that this venom leads to developmental toxicity but not teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos. The venom also induces neurotoxic effects and disrupts the zebrafish cardiovascular system, leading to heartbeat rate reduction and hemorrhage. Our findings demonstrate the potential neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of M. bornmuelleri’s venom, suggesting a multitarget strategy during envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sahyoun
- INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarMe, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France; (C.S.); (C.M.); (C.L.)
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Wojciech Krezel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | - César Mattei
- INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarMe, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France; (C.S.); (C.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- CNRS, INP, Institute of Neurophysiopathology, Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: (J.-M.S.); (Z.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Christian Legros
- INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarMe, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France; (C.S.); (C.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (J.-M.S.); (Z.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Mohamad Rima
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Correspondence: (J.-M.S.); (Z.F.); (M.R.)
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26
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Gundlach M, Di Paolo C, Chen Q, Majewski K, Haigis AC, Werner I, Hollert H. Clozapine modulation of zebrafish swimming behavior and gene expression as a case study to investigate effects of atypical drugs on aquatic organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152621. [PMID: 34968598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mental illnesses affect more than 150 million people in Europe and lead to an increasing consumption of neuroactive drugs during the last twenty years. The antipsychotic compound, clozapine, is one of the most used psychotropic drugs worldwide, with potentially negative consequences for the aquatic environment. Hence, the objectives of the study presented here were the quantification of clozapine induced changes in swimming behavior of exposed Danio rerio embryos and the elucidation of the molecular effects on the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. Yolk-sac larvae were exposed to different concentrations (0.2 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L, 1.6 mg/L, 3.2 mg/L and 6.4 mg/L) of clozapine for 116 h post-fertilization, and changes in the swimming behavior of the larvae were assessed. Further, quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of selected genes. The qualitative evaluation of changes in the swimming behavior of D. rerio larvae revealed a significant decrease of the average swimming distance and velocity in the light-dark transition test, with more than a 36% reduction at the highest exposure concentration of 6.4 mg/L. Furthermore, the total larval body length was reduced at the highest concentration. An in-depth analysis based on expression of selected target genes of the serotonin (slc6a4a) and dopamine (drd2a) system showed an upregulation at a concentration of 1.6 mg/L and above. In addition, a lower increase in expression was detected for biomarkers of general stress (adra1a and cyp1a2). Our data show that exposure to clozapine during development inhibits swimming activity of zebrafish larvae, which could, in part, be due to disruption of the serotonin- and dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gundlach
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolina Di Paolo
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kendra Majewski
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Haigis
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Inge Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Überlandstrasse 131, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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27
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Yang L, Guo H, Kuang Y, Yang H, Zhang X, Tang R, Li D, Li L. Neurotoxicity induced by combined exposure of microcystin-LR and nitrite in male zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effects of oxidant-antioxidant system and neurotransmitter system. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 253:109248. [PMID: 34826614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With the intensification of water eutrophication around the world, cyanobacterial blooms have been becoming a common environmental pollution problem. The levels of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and nitrite rise sharply during the cyanobacterial bloom period, which may have potential joint toxicity on aquatic organisms. In this study, adult male zebrafish were immersed into different joint solutions of MC-LR (0, 3, 30 μg/L) and nitrite (0, 2, 20 mg/L) for 30 days to explore the neurotoxic effects and underlying mechanisms. The results showed that single factor MC-LR or nitrite caused a concentration-dependent damage in brain ultrastructure and the effects of their joint exposure were much more intense. Downregulated expression of mbp and bdnf associated with myelination of nerve fibers further confirmed that MC-LR and nitrite could damage the structure and function of neuron. The decreases in dopamine content, acetylcholinesterase activity and related gene mRNA levels indicated that MC-LR and nitrite adversely affected the normal function of the dopaminergic and cholinergic systems in zebrafish brain. In addition, the significant increase in malondialdehyde content suggested the occurrence of oxidative stress caused by MC-LR, nitrite and their joint-exposure, which paralleled a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme‑manganese superoxide dismutase activity and its transcription level. In conclusion, MC-LR + Nitrite joint-exposure has synergistic neurotoxic effects on the structure and neurotransmitter systems of fish brain, and antioxidant capacity disruption caused by these two factors might be one of the underlying synergistic mechanisms. Therefore, there is a risk of being induced neurotoxicity in fish during sustained cyanobacterial bloom events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Honghui Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yu Kuang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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28
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Reinwald H, Alvincz J, Salinas G, Schäfers C, Hollert H, Eilebrecht S. Toxicogenomic profiling after sublethal exposure to nerve- and muscle-targeting insecticides reveals cardiac and neuronal developmental effects in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132746. [PMID: 34748799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For specific primary modes of action (MoA) in environmental non-target organisms, EU legislation restricts the usage of active substances of pesticides or biocides. Corresponding regulatory hazard assessments are costly, time consuming and require large numbers of non-human animal studies. Currently, predictive toxicology of development compounds relies on their chemical structure and provides little insights into toxicity mechanisms that precede adverse effects. Using the zebrafish embryo model, we characterized transcriptomic responses to a range of sublethal concentrations of six nerve- and muscle-targeting insecticides with different MoA (abamectin, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, imidacloprid & methoxychlor). Our aim was to identify affected biological processes and suitable biomarker candidates for MoA-specific signatures. Abamectin showed the most divergent signature among the tested insecticides, linked to lipid metabolic processes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after imidacloprid exposure were primarily associated with immune system and inflammation. In total, 222 early responsive genes to either MoA were identified, many related to three major processes: (1) cardiac muscle cell development and functioning (tcap, desma, bag3, hspb1, hspb8, flnca, myoz3a, mybpc2b, actc2, tnnt2c), (2) oxygen transport and hypoxic stress (alas2, hbbe1.1, hbbe1.3, hbbe2, hbae3, igfbp1a, hif1al) and (3) neuronal development and plasticity (npas4a, egr1, btg2, ier2a, vgf). The thyroidal function related gene dio3b was upregulated by chlorpyrifos and downregulated by higher abamectin concentrations. Important regulatory genes for cardiac muscle (tcap) and forebrain development (npas4a) were the most frequently ifferentially expressed across all insecticide treatments. We consider the identified gene sets as useful early warning biomarker candidates, i.e. for developmental toxicity targeting heart and brain in aquatic vertebrates. Our findings provide a better understanding about early molecular events in response to the analyzed MoA. Perceptively, this promotes the development for sensitive and informative biomarker-based in vitro assays for toxicological MoA prediction and AOP refinement, without the suffering of adult fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Reinwald
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Alvincz
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Services for Integrative Genomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany.
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von Hellfeld R, Pannetier P, Braunbeck T. Specificity of time- and dose-dependent morphological endpoints in the fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test for substances with diverse modes of action: the search for a "fingerprint". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16176-16192. [PMID: 34643865 PMCID: PMC8827326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo according to OECD TG 236 was originally developed as an alternative test method for acute fish toxicity testing according to, e.g., OECD TG 203. Given the versatility of the protocol, however, the FET test has found application beyond acute toxicity testing as a common tool in environmental hazard and risk assessment. Whereas the standard OECD guideline is restricted to four core endpoints (coagulation as well as lack of somite formation, heartbeat, and tail detachment) for simple, rapid assessment of acute toxicity, further endpoints can easily be integrated into the FET test protocol. This has led to the hypothesis that an extended FET test might allow for the identification of different classes of toxicants via a "fingerprint" of morphological observations. To test this hypothesis, the present study investigated a set of 18 compounds with highly diverse modes of action with respect to acute and sublethal endpoints. Especially at higher concentrations, most observations proved toxicant-unspecific. With decreasing concentrations, however, observations declined in number, but gained in specificity. Specific observations may at best be made at test concentrations ≤ EC10. The existence of a "fingerprint" based on morphological observations in the FET is, therefore, highly unlikely in the range of acute toxicity, but cannot be excluded for experiments at sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca von Hellfeld
- Center for Organismal Studies, Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, 23 St Machar Drive, AB24 3UU, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Pauline Pannetier
- Center for Organismal Studies, Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Center for Organismal Studies, Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Acute Developmental Toxicity of Panax notoginseng in Zebrafish Larvae. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 29:333-340. [PMID: 35089525 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate toxicity of raw extract of Panax notoginseng (rPN) and decocted extract of PN (dPN) by a toxicological assay using zebrafish larvae, and explore the mechanism by RNA sequencing assay. METHODS Zebrafish larvae was used to evaluate acute toxicity of PN in two forms: rPN and dPN. Three doses (0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 µ g/mL) of dPN were used to treat zebrafishes for evaluating the developmental toxicity. Behavior abnormalities, body weight, body length and number of vertebral roots were used as specific phenotypic endpoints. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) assay was applied to clarify the mechanism of acute toxicity, followed by real time PCR (qPCR) for verification. High performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed to determine the chemoprofile of this herb. RESULTS The acute toxicity result showed that rPN exerted higher acute toxicity than dPN in inducing death of larval zebrafishes (P<0.01). After daily oral intake for 21 days, dPN at doses of 0.5, 1.5 and 5.0 µ g/mL decreased the body weight, body length, and vertebral number of larval zebrafishes, indicating developmental toxicity of dPN. No other adverse outcome was observed during the experimental period. RNA-seq data revealed 38 genes differentially expressed in dPN-treated zebrafishes, of which carboxypeptidase A1 (cpa1) and opioid growth factor receptor-like 2 (ogfrl2) were identified as functional genes in regulating body development of zebrafishes. qPCR data showed that dPN significantly down-regulated the mRNA expressions of cpa1 and ogfrl2 (both P<0.01), verifying cpa1 and ogfrl2 as target genes for dPN. CONCLUSION This report uncovers the developmental toxicity of dPN, suggesting potential risk of its clinical application in children.
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Thompson WA, Shvartsburd Z, Vijayan MM. The antidepressant venlafaxine perturbs cardiac development and function in larval zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106041. [PMID: 34856460 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is a highly prescribed antidepressant and is detected at µg/L concentrations in waterways receiving municipal wastewater effluents. We previously showed that early-life venlafaxine exposure disrupted the normal development of the nervous system and reduces larval activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, it is unclear whether the reduced swimming activity may be associated with impaired cardiac function. Here we tested the hypothesis that zygotic exposure to venlafaxine impacts the development and function of the larval zebrafish heart. Venlafaxine (0, 1 or 10 ng) was administered by microinjection into freshly fertilized zebrafish embryos (1-4 cell stage) to assess heart development and function during early-life stages. Venlafaxine deposition in the zygote led to precocious development of the embryo heart, including the timing of the first heartbeat, increased heart size, and a higher heart rate at 24- and 48-hours post-fertilization (hpf). Also, waterborne exposure to environmental levels of this antidepressant during early development increased the heart rate at 48 hpf of zebrafish larvae mimicking the zygotic deposition. The venlafaxine-induced higher heart rate in the embryos was abolished in the presence of NAN-190, an antagonist of the 5HT1A receptor. Also, heart rate dropped below control levels in the 10 ng, but not 1 ng venlafaxine group at 72 and 96 hpf. An acute stressor reduced the venlafaxine-induced heart rate at 48 hpf but did not affect the already reduced heart rate at 72 and 96 hpf in the 10 ng venlafaxine group. Our results suggest that the higher heart rate in the venlafaxine group may be due to an enhanced serotonin stimulation of the 5HT1A receptor. Taken together, early-life venlafaxine exposure disrupts cardiac development and has the potential to compromise the cardiovascular performance of larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Zachary Shvartsburd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
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Sornat R, Kalka J, Faron J, Napora-Rutkowska M, Krakowian D, Drzewiecka A. Developing a screening test for toxicity studies of prenatal development with the use of Hydra attenuata and embryos of zebrafish. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1742-1753. [PMID: 34660207 PMCID: PMC8503906 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple alternative method may replace the laboratory animals in teratogenic studies. A scoring system evaluates the changes of Hydra attenuata and zebrafish embryos. A potentially teratogenic substance can be easily classified.
11 active substances used in pesticides were selected. Substances were divided into three groups depending the effect on embryos or fetuses of laboratory animals: 1 – damaging effect on embryos or fetuses (embryotoxic, fetotoxic or teratogenic), 2 – damaging effect on embryos or fetuses, but only at dose toxic for mother (maternal toxicity), 3 – no damaging effect. Changes for hydra in acute toxicity tests and recovery tests were assessed on an change scale from 0 to 10. The index of the effect on development (TI) for hydras was calculated for every compound. Changes in zebrafish embryos were assessed using a descriptive method. Pearson correlation coefficient showed the correlation between the concentration and the toxic effect in the zebrafish embryos for the substances of the first group. The study showed that substances having a strong damaging effect on fetuses cause changes that are apparent and easy to evaluate both in hydras and zebrafish embryos. A scoring system was introduced to evaluate the changes of hydras and zebrafish embryos. The point system of evaluation of changes allows quick classification of a substance as potentially embryotoxic, fetotoxic or teratogenic. It allows developing a cheap and fast method alternative to prenatal developmental toxicity studies, a screening method that enables substances of great teratogenic potential to be excluded from studies on laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sornat
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Branch Pszczyna, Doświadczalna 27, 43-200, Pszczyna, Poland.,Silesian University of Technology, The Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Konarskiego 18, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Kalka
- Silesian University of Technology, The Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Konarskiego 18, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Justyna Faron
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Branch Pszczyna, Doświadczalna 27, 43-200, Pszczyna, Poland
| | - Marta Napora-Rutkowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Branch Pszczyna, Doświadczalna 27, 43-200, Pszczyna, Poland.,Veterinary Clinic LUX-VET, Słoneczna 118, 43-384, Jaworze, Poland
| | - Daniel Krakowian
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Branch Pszczyna, Doświadczalna 27, 43-200, Pszczyna, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drzewiecka
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Branch Pszczyna, Doświadczalna 27, 43-200, Pszczyna, Poland
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Di Paolo C, Hoffmann S, Witters H, Carrillo JC. Minimum reporting standards based on a comprehensive review of the zebrafish embryo teratogenicity assay. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 127:105054. [PMID: 34653553 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive toxicity chemical safety assessment involves extensive use of vertebrate animals for regulatory testing purposes. Although alternative methods such as the zebrafish embryo teratogenicity assay (identified in the present manuscript by the acronym ZETA) are promising for replacing tests with mammals, challenges to regulatory application involve lack of standardization and incomplete validation. To identify key protocol aspects and ultimately support improving this situation, a comprehensive review of the literature on the level of harmonization/standardization and validation status of the ZETA has been conducted. The gaps and needed advances of the available ZETA protocols were evaluated and discussed with respect to its applicability as an alternative approach for teratogenicity assessment. Based on the review outcomes, a set of minimum reporting standards for the experimental protocol is proposed. Together with other initiatives towards implementation of alternative approaches at the screening and regulatory levels, the application of minimum reporting requirements is anticipated to support future method standardization and validation, as well as identifying potential improvement aspects. Present findings are expected to ultimately support advancing the ongoing validation initiatives towards the regulatory acceptance of the ZETA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Di Paolo
- Shell Health, Shell International, B.V. Carel van Bylandtlaan 16, 2596, HR, The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Hilda Witters
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Unit Health, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Juan-Carlos Carrillo
- Shell Health, Shell International, B.V. Carel van Bylandtlaan 16, 2596, HR, The Hague, the Netherlands
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34
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Hoffmann S, Marigliani B, Akgün-Ölmez SG, Ireland D, Cruz R, Busquet F, Flick B, Lalu M, Ghandakly EC, de Vries RBM, Witters H, Wright RA, Ölmez M, Willett C, Hartung T, Stephens ML, Tsaioun K. A Systematic Review to Compare Chemical Hazard Predictions of the Zebrafish Embryotoxicity Test With Mammalian Prenatal Developmental Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:14-35. [PMID: 34109416 PMCID: PMC8404989 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally developed to inform the acute toxicity of chemicals on fish, the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) has also been proposed for assessing the prenatal developmental toxicity of chemicals, potentially replacing mammalian studies. Although extensively evaluated in primary studies, a comprehensive review summarizing the available evidence for the ZET's capacity is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of how well the presence or absence of exposure-related findings in the ZET predicts prenatal development toxicity in studies with rats and rabbits. A two-tiered systematic review of the developmental toxicity literature was performed, a review of the ZET literature was followed by one of the mammalian literature. Data were extracted using DistillerSR, and study validity was assessed with an amended SYRCLE's risk-of-bias tool. Extracted data were analyzed for each species and substance, which provided the basis for comparing the 2 test methods. Although limited by the number of 24 included chemicals, our results suggest that the ZET has potential to identify chemicals that are mammalian prenatal developmental toxicants, with a tendency for overprediction. Furthermore, our analysis confirmed the need for further standardization of the ZET. In addition, we identified contextual and methodological challenges in the application of systematic review approaches to toxicological questions. One key to overcoming these challenges is a transition to more comprehensive and transparent planning, conduct and reporting of toxicological studies. The first step toward bringing about this change is to create broad awareness in the toxicological community of the need for and benefits of more evidence-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hoffmann
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- seh consulting + services, 33106 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bianca Marigliani
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, 12231-280 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sevcan Gül Akgün-Ölmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Danielle Ireland
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, USA
| | - Rebecca Cruz
- Laboratory of Dental Clinical Research, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 20520-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Burkhard Flick
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67063 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Manoj Lalu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 8L6 Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Ghandakly
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert A Wright
- William H. Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Metin Ölmez
- Umraniye Family Health Center (No. 44), Turkish Ministry of Health, 34760 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Catherine Willett
- Humane Society International, Washington, 20037 District of Columbia, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Martin L Stephens
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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35
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Bownik A, Wlodkowic D. Applications of advanced neuro-behavioral analysis strategies in aquatic ecotoxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145577. [PMID: 33770877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite mounting evidence of pleiotropic ecological risks, the understanding of the eco-neurotoxic impact of most industrially relevant chemicals is still very limited. In particularly the acute and chronic exposures to industrial pollutants on nervous systems and thus potential alterations in ecological fitness remain profoundly understudied. Since the behavioral phenotype is the highest-level and functional manifestation of integrated neurological functions, the alterations in neuro-behavioral traits have been postulated as very sensitive and physiologically integrative endpoints to assess eco-neurotoxicological risks associated with industrial pollutants. Due to a considerable backlog of risk assessments of existing and new production chemicals there is a need for a paradigm shift from high cost, low throughput ecotoxicity test models to next generation systems amenable to higher throughput. In this review we concentrate on emerging aspects of laboratory-based neuro-behavioral phenotyping approaches that can be amenable for rapid prioritizing pipelines. We outline the importance of development and applications of innovative neuro-behavioral assays utilizing small aquatic biological indicators and demonstrate emerging concepts of high-throughput chemo-behavioral phenotyping. We also discuss new analytical approaches to effectively and rapidly evaluate the impact of pollutants on higher behavioral functions such as sensory-motor assays, decision-making and cognitive behaviors using innovative model organisms. Finally, we provide a snapshot of most recent analytical approaches that can be applied to elucidate mechanistic rationale that underlie the observed neuro-behavioral alterations upon exposure to pollutants. This review is intended to outline the emerging opportunities for innovative multidisciplinary research and highlight the existing challenges as well barriers to future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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36
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Alla LNR, Monshi M, Siddiqua Z, Shields J, Alame K, Wahls A, Akemann C, Meyer D, Crofts EJ, Saad F, El-Nachef J, Antoon M, Nakhle R, Hijazi N, Hamid M, Gurdziel K, McElmurry SP, Kashian DR, Baker TR, Pitts DK. Detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals in Danio rerio and Daphnia pulex: Step-one, behavioral screen. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129442. [PMID: 33476875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic surface and ground water contamination by chemicals is a global problem, and there is an urgent need to develop tools to identify and elucidate biological effects. Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are not typically monitored or regulated and those with known or suspected endocrine disrupting potential have been termed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Many CECs are known to be neurotoxic (e.g., insecticides) and many are incompletely characterized. Behavioral responses can identify chemicals with neuroactive properties, which can be relevant to EDC mechanisms (e.g., neuroendocrine disturbances). Two freshwater species, Daphnia pulex and Danio rerio, were evaluated for swimming behavior alterations resulting from 24-hr exposure to 9 CECs: triclosan, triclocarban, chlorpyrifos, dieldrin, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol-A, atrazine, metformin, and estrone. This is the first step in the development of a bioassay for detecting estrogenic and/or anti-androgenic activity with the goal to evaluate complex mixtures of uncharacterized contaminants in water samples. The second step, described in a subsequent report, examines transcriptome alterations following chemical exposure. Significant differences in the swimming behavior response and sensitivity were found across chemicals within a species and across species for a given chemical in this unique optical bioassay system. In the concentration ranges studied, significant behavioral alterations were detected for 6 of 9 CECs for D. pulex and 4 of 9 CECs for D. rerio. These results underscore the utility of this bioassay to identify behavioral effects of sublethal concentrations of CECs before exploration of transcriptomic alterations for EDC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Neha Reddy Alla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manahil Monshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zoha Siddiqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeremiah Shields
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Karim Alame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Wahls
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Camille Akemann
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Danielle Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Emily J Crofts
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fadie Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Judy El-Nachef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Merna Antoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Raquel Nakhle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nemer Hijazi
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maha Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Shawn P McElmurry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Donna R Kashian
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tracie R Baker
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David K Pitts
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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de Farias NO, Oliveira R, Moretti PNS, E Pinto JM, Oliveira AC, Santos VL, Rocha PS, Andrade TS, Grisolia CK. Fluoxetine chronic exposure affects growth, behavior and tissue structure of zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 237:108836. [PMID: 32585365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX) is among the top 100 pharmaceutical prescribed annually worldwide and consequently is often detected in wastewater treatment plant effluent and surface waters, in concentrations up to 2.7 and 0.33 μg/L, respectively. Despite the presence of FLX in surface waters, little is known about its chronic effects in fish. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the chronic toxicity of FLX to Danio rerio adults. Rate of weight gain, behavior (feeding and swimming activity) and tissue organization (liver and intestine) were evaluated, after 30 days exposure. A lower rate of weight gain was observed at 100 μg/L FLX. The food intake time decreased, showing a decrease in fish appetite. The preference for the upper aquarium layer was observed at 10 and 100 μg/L of FLX, indicating an inhibition of the stress level (anxiolytic effect). Mild to moderate damage of hepatic tissue and a decrease epithelium height and increase in villus height of intestine were observed in fish exposed to concentrations as low as 0.01 μg/L. Based on obtained results, chronic exposure of fish to FLX could affect swimming and feeding behavior and alter morphological structure of liver and intestine tissues at environmental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Oliveira de Farias
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IB - UNICAMP, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rhaul Oliveira
- Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Natália Silva Moretti
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Joana Mona E Pinto
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Viviani Lara Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Paula Suares Rocha
- Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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Guo SY, Zhang Y, Zhu XY, Zhou JL, Li J, Li CQ, Wu LR. Developmental neurotoxicity and toxic mechanisms induced by olaquindox in zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:549-560. [PMID: 33111391 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Olaquindox (OLA) has been widely used as an animal feed additive in China for decades; however, its toxicity and toxic mechanisms have not been well investigated. In this study, the developmental neurotoxicity and toxic mechanisms of OLA were evaluated in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of OLA (25-1,000 mg/L) from 6 to 120 hours post fertilization (hpf). OLA exposure resulted in many abnormal phenotypes in zebrafish, including shortened body length, notochord degeneration, spinal curvature, brain apoptosis, damage of axon and peripheral motor neuron, and hepatotoxicity. Interestingly, OLA increased zebrafish spontaneous tail coiling, while reduced locomotor capacity. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) showed that the expression levels of nine marker genes for nervous system functions or development, namely, α1-tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), myelin basic protein (mbp), synapsinII a (syn2a), sonic hedgehog a (shha), encoding HuC (elavl3), mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (manf) growth associated protein 43 (gap43), and acetylcholinesterase (ache) were all down-regulated significantly in zebrafish after treated with OLA. Besides, the anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic genes bcl-2/bax ratio was reduced. These results show that OLA exposure could cause severe developmental neurotoxicity in the early stages of zebrafish life and OLA might induce neurotoxicity by inhibiting the expression of neuro-developmental genes and promoting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ya Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Research and Development Department, Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Jiangling Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Research and Development Department, Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Jiangling Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- Research and Development Department, Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Jiangling Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Jia-Li Zhou
- Research and Development Department, Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Jiangling Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Research and Development Department, Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Jiangling Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Chun-Qi Li
- Research and Development Department, Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Jiangling Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.,Research and Development Department, New Hunter Testing and Technology Co., Ltd, Xinjinhu Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Li-Ren Wu
- Laboratory Animal Regulatory Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310013, China
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Brotzmann K, Wolterbeek A, Kroese D, Braunbeck T. Neurotoxic effects in zebrafish embryos by valproic acid and nine of its analogues: the fish-mouse connection? Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:641-657. [PMID: 33111190 PMCID: PMC7870776 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Since teratogenicity testing in mammals is a particular challenge from an animal welfare perspective, there is a great need for the development of alternative test systems. In this context, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo has received increasing attention as a non-protected embryonic vertebrate in vivo model. The predictive power of zebrafish embryos for general vertebrate teratogenicity strongly depends on the correlation between fish and mammals with respect to both overall general toxicity and more specific endpoints indicative of certain modes-of-action. The present study was designed to analyze the correlation between (1) effects of valproic acid and nine of its analogues in zebrafish embryos and (2) their known neurodevelopmental effects in mice. To this end, zebrafish embryos exposed for 120 h in an extended version of the acute fish embryo toxicity test (FET; OECD TG 236) were analyzed with respect to an extended list of sublethal endpoints. Particular care was given to endpoints putatively related to neurodevelopmental toxicity, namely jitter/tremor, deformation of sensory organs (eyes) and craniofacial deformation, which might correlate to neural tube defects caused by valproic acid in mammals. A standard evaluation of lethal (LC according to OECD TG 236) and sublethal toxicity (EC) merely indicated that four out of ten compounds tested in zebrafish correlate with positive results in mouse in vivo studies. A detailed assessment of more specific effects, however, namely, jitter/tremor, small eyes and craniofacial deformation, resulted in a correspondence of 75% with in vivo mouse data. A refinement of endpoint analysis from an integration of all observations into one LCx or ECx data (as foreseen by current ecotoxicology-driven OECD guidelines) to a differential evaluation of endpoints specific of selected modes-of-action thus increases significantly the predictive power of the zebrafish embryo model for mammalian teratogenicity. However, for some of the endpoints observed, e.g., scoliosis, lordosis, pectoral fin deformation and lack of movement, further experiments are required for the identification of underlying modes-of-action and an unambiguous interpretation of their predictive power for mammalian toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Brotzmann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - André Wolterbeek
- TNO Healthy Living Unit, Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dinant Kroese
- TNO Healthy Living Unit, Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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40
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Magnuson JT, Cryder Z, Andrzejczyk NE, Harraka G, Wolf DC, Gan J, Schlenk D. Metabolomic Profiles in the Brains of Juvenile Steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Following Bifenthrin Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12245-12253. [PMID: 32900186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pyrethroid insecticide, bifenthrin, is frequently measured at concentrations exceeding those that induce acute and chronic toxicity to several invertebrate and fish species residing in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Since the brain is considered to be a significant target for bifenthrin toxicity, juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were treated with concentrations of bifenthrin found prior to (60 ng/L) and following (120 ng/L) major stormwater runoff events with nontargeted metabolomics used to target transcriptomic alterations in steelhead brains following exposure. Predicted responses were involved in cellular apoptosis and necrosis in steelhead treated with 60 ng/L bifenthrin using the software Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. These responses were predominately driven by decreased levels of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and adenine. Steelhead treated with 120 ng/L bifenthrin had reductions of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE), and increased levels of betaine, which were predicted to induce an inflammatory response. Several genes predicted to be involved in apoptotic (caspase3 and nrf2) and inflammatory (miox) pathways had altered expression following exposure to bifenthrin. There was a significantly increased expression of caspase3 and miox in fish treated with 120 ng/L bifenthrin with a significant reduction of nrf2 in fish treated with 60 ng/L bifenthrin. These data indicate that bifenthrin may have multiple targets within the brain that affect general neuron viability, function, and signaling potentially through alterations in signaling fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Zachary Cryder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nicolette E Andrzejczyk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Gary Harraka
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Douglas C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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41
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Wang L, Yan R, Yang Q, Li H, Zhang J, Shimoda Y, Kato K, Yamanaka K, An Y. Role of GH/IGF axis in arsenite-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110820. [PMID: 32531574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays a critical role in fetal development. However, the effect of arsenite exposure on the GH/IGF axis and its toxic mechanism are still unclear. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to a range of NaAsO2 concentrations (0.0-10.0 mM) between 4 and 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Development indexes of survival, malformation, hatching rate, heart rate, body length and locomotor behavior were measured. Hormone levels, GH/IGF axis-related genes, and nerve-related genes were also tested. The results showed that survival rate, hatching rate, heart rate, body length and locomotor behavior all decreased, while deformity increased. At 120 hpf, the survival rate of zebrafish in 1.5 mM NaAsO2 group was about 70%, the deformity rate exceeded 20%, and the body length shortened to 3.35 mm, the movement distance of zebrafish decreased approximately 63.6% under light condition and about 52.4% under dark condition. The level of GH increased and those of IGF did not change significantly, while the expression of GH/IGF axis related genes (ghra, ghrb, igf2r, igfbp3, igfbp2a, igfbp5b) and nerve related genes (dlx2, shha, ngn1, elavl3, gfap) decreased. In 1.5 mM NaAsO2 group, the decrease of igfbp3 and igfbp5b was almost obvious, about 78.2% and 72.2%. The expression of nerve genes in 1.5 mM NaAsO2 group all have declined by more than 50%. These findings suggested that arsenite exerted disruptive effects on the endocrine system by interfering with the GH/IGF axis, leading to zebrafish embryonic developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianlei Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heran Li
- Microwants International LTD, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yasuyo Shimoda
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Abstract
The industry is increasingly relying on fish for toxicity assessment. However, current guidelines for toxicity assessment focus on teratogenicity and mortality. From an ecotoxicological point of view, however, these endpoints may not reflect the “full picture” of possible deleterious effects that can nonetheless result in decreased fitness and/or inability to adapt to a changing environment, affecting whole populations. Therefore, assessing sublethal effects add relevant data covering different aspects of toxicity at different levels of analysis. The impacts of toxicants on neurobehavioral function have the potential to affect many different life-history traits, and are easier to assess in the laboratory than in the wild. We propose that carefully-controlled laboratory experiments on different behavioral domains—including anxiety, aggression, and exploration—can increase our understanding of the ecotoxicological impacts of contaminants, since these domains are related to traits such as defense, sociality, and reproduction, directly impacting life-history traits. The effects of selected contaminants on these tests are reviewed, focusing on larval and adult zebrafish, showing that these behavioral domains are highly sensitive to small concentrations of these substances. These strategies suggest a way forward on ecotoxicological research using fish.
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43
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Isolation of the Tephrosia vogelii extract and rotenoids and their toxicity in the RTgill-W1 trout cell line and in zebrafish embryos. Toxicon 2020; 183:51-60. [PMID: 32454059 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on identifying the rotenoids from the Tephrosia vogelli plant (fish-poison-bean), investigating the toxic potency of a crude T. vogelii extract and individual rotenoids (tephrosin, deguelin and rotenone) in vitro and in vivo and assessing the mode of action. A trout (Onychorynhis mykiss) gill epithelial cell line (RTgill-W1) was used to determine the cytotoxicity of rotenoids and effects on cell metabolism. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) aged from 3 h post fertilization (hpf) to 72 hpf were used for testing the developmental toxicity. The crude T. vogelii plant extract significantly decreased the cellular metabolic activity and was cytotoxic at lower concentrations (5 and 10 nM, respectively), while tephrosin, deguelin and rotenone showed these effects at concentrations ≥ 50 nM. The crude T. Vogelli extract had the highest toxic potency and induced adverse health effects in zebrafish including deformities and mortality at the lowest concentration (5 nM) compared to rotenone (10 nM) and deguelin and tephrosin (50 nM). These results indicate that the crude T. Vogelii extracts are highly potent and the bioactivity of these extracts warrant further investigation for their potential use to treat parasites in human and veterinary medicine and as a natural alternative to pesticides.
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44
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Martyniuk CJ, Mehinto AC, Denslow ND. Organochlorine pesticides: Agrochemicals with potent endocrine-disrupting properties in fish. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 507:110764. [PMID: 32112812 PMCID: PMC10603819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent environmental contaminants that act as endocrine disruptors and organ system toxicants. These pesticides (e.g. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, toxaphene, among others) are ranked as some of the most concerning chemicals for human health. These pesticides (1) act as teratogens, (2) are neuroendocrine disruptors, (3) suppress the immune and reproductive systems, and (4) dysregulate lipids and metabolism. Using a computational approach, we revealed enriched endocrine-related pathways in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database sensitive to this chemical class, and these included reproduction (gonadotropins, estradiol, androgen, steroid biosynthesis, oxytocin), thyroid hormone, and insulin. Insight from the Tox21 and ToxCast programs confirm that these agrochemicals activate estrogen receptors, androgen receptors, and retinoic acid receptors with relatively high affinity, although differences exist in their potency. We propose an adverse outcome pathway for OCPs toxicity in the fish testis as a novel contribution to further understanding of OCP-induced toxicity. Organochlorine pesticides, due to their persistence and high toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial wildlife as well as humans, remain significant agrochemicals of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF, USA; Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alvine C Mehinto
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, CA, USA
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF, USA; Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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45
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Martin NR, Plavicki JS. Advancing zebrafish as a model for studying developmental neurotoxicology. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:981-983. [PMID: 32227499 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cover photo shows the developing zebrafish nervous system at 5 days post-fertilization. Axon tracts are labeled with an anti-acetylated alpha tubulin antibody. The image, which was acquired on a Zeiss LSM 880 confocal microscope, is a maximum intensity projection of a z-stack that has been color-coded for depth. Major brain regions such as the olfactory bulb, forebrain, habenula, optic tectum, cerebellum, hindbrain, and eye are identifiable. This image is part of a study (Plavicki Lab, Brown University) focused on understanding the impact of toxicant exposures on brain development and activity with the goal of identifyingenvironmental factors that contribute to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Carney Brain Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jessica S Plavicki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Carney Brain Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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46
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Demin KA, Lakstygal AM, Chernysh MV, Krotova NA, Taranov AS, Ilyin NP, Seredinskaya MV, Tagawa N, Savva AK, Mor MS, Vasyutina ML, Efimova EV, Kolesnikova TO, Gainetdinov RR, Strekalova T, Amstislavskaya TG, de Abreu MS, Kalueff AV. The zebrafish tail immobilization (ZTI) test as a new tool to assess stress-related behavior and a potential screen for drugs affecting despair-like states. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 337:108637. [PMID: 32081675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective disorders, especially depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent, debilitating mental illnesses. Animal experimental models are a valuable tool in translational affective neuroscience research. A hallmark phenotype of clinical and experimental depression, the learned helplessness, has become a key target for 'behavioral despair'-based animal models of depression. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently emerged as a promising novel organism for affective disease modeling and CNS drug screening. Despite being widely used to assess stress and anxiety-like behaviors, there are presently no clear-cut despair-like models in zebrafish. NEW METHOD Here, we introduce a novel behavioral paradigm, the zebrafish tail immobilization (ZTI) test, as a potential tool to assess zebrafish despair-like behavior. Conceptually similar to rodent 'despair' models, the ZTI protocol involves immobilizing the caudal half of the fish body for 5 min, leaving the cranial part to move freely, suspended vertically in a small beaker with water. RESULTS To validate this model, we used exposure to low-voltage electric shock, alarm pheromone, selected antidepressants (sertraline and amitriptyline) and an anxiolytic drug benzodiazepine (phenazepam), assessing the number of mobility episodes, time spent 'moving', total distance moved and other activity measures of the cranial part of the body, using video-tracking. Both electric shock and alarm pheromone decreased zebrafish activity in this test, antidepressants increased it, and phenazepam was inactive. Furthermore, a 5-min ZTI exposure increased serotonin turnover, elevating the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/serotonin ratio in zebrafish brain, while electric shock prior to ZTI elevated both this and the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratios. In contrast, preexposure to antidepressants sertraline and amitriptyline lowered both ratios, compared to the ZTI test-exposed fish. COMPARISON WITH EXISTINGMETHOD(S) The ZTI test is the first despair-like experimental model in zebrafish. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study suggests the ZTI test as a potentially useful protocol to assess stress-/despair-related behaviors, potentially relevant to CNS drug screening and behavioral phenotyping of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Anton M Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia
| | - Maria V Chernysh
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A Krotova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr S Taranov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita P Ilyin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria V Seredinskaya
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natsuki Tagawa
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna K Savva
- Laboratory of Insect Biopharmacology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikael S Mor
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina L Vasyutina
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Efimova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana O Kolesnikova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
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47
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Bode K, Nolte L, Kamin H, Desens M, Ulmann A, Bergmann GA, Betker P, Reitmeier J, Ripken T, Stern M, Meyer H, Bicker G. Scanning laser optical tomography resolves developmental neurotoxic effects on pioneer neurons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2641. [PMID: 32060340 PMCID: PMC7021824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental neurotoxic compounds impair the developing human nervous system at lower doses than those affecting adults. Standardized test methods for assessing developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) require the use of high numbers of laboratory animals. Here, we use a novel assay that is based on the development of an intact insect embryo in serum-free culture. Neural pathways in the leg of embryonic locusts are established by a pair of afferent pioneer neurons, extending axons along a well-defined pathway to the central nervous system. After exposure to test chemicals, we analyze pioneer neuron shape with conventional fluorescence microscopy and compare it to 3D images, obtained by scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT) and processed by a segmentation algorithm. The segmented SLOT images resolve the 3D structure of the pioneers, recognize pathfinding defects and are thus advantageous for detecting DNT-positive compounds. The defects in axon elongation and pathfinding of pioneer axons caused by two DNT-positive reference compounds (methylmercury chloride; sodium(meta)arsenite) are compared to the biochemically measured general viability of the embryo. Using conventional fluorescence microscopy to establish concentration-response curves of axon elongation, we show that this assay identifies methylmercury chloride and the pro-apoptotic compound staurosporine as developmental neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Bode
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Nolte
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannes Kamin
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Desens
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arthur Ulmann
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor A Bergmann
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philine Betker
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Reitmeier
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammo Ripken
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Stern
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerd Bicker
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
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48
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Perez-Rodriguez V, Wu N, de la Cova A, Schmidt J, Denslow ND, Martyniuk CJ. The organochlorine pesticide toxaphene reduces non-mitochondrial respiration and induces heat shock protein 70 expression in early-staged zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 228:108669. [PMID: 31712185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxaphene is a restricted-use pesticide produced by reacting chlorine gas with camphene. It was heavily used as a pesticide for agricultural purposes in the 1960-1970s, but despite being banned >30 years ago, it can remain elevated in the soil due to its resistance to metabolic degradation; this has led to longstanding concerns about elevated levels of toxaphene and other organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the environment. The objective of this study were to determine the effects of waterborne exposure to toxaphene on early life stages of zebrafish. Based on the LC50, zebrafish embryos were exposed to control (embryo rearing media or DMSO) or to one dose of toxaphene ranging between 0.011 and 111.1 μg/mL from 6 h post fertilization (hpf) up to 120 hpf. Significant mortality and hatch time delays were observed in embryos exposed to toxaphene (at or above 0.11 and 1.11 μg/mL, depending on the assay). Higher prevalence of deformities was noted at higher doses (≥0.011 μg/mL), and these included pericardial edema and skeletal deformities. As energy production is important for normal development, mitochondrial bioenergetics were assessed in embryos following toxaphene exposure. Embryos exposed to 11.1 or 111 μg/mL toxaphene for 24 h showed lower non-mitochondrial respiration (~30%) compared to both solvent and no treatment controls. Expression of transcripts related to oxidative damage responses and apoptosis were measured and heat shock protein 70 was significantly increased with 111 μg/mL toxaphene (14.5 fold), while the expression levels of caspase 3, caspase 9, and superoxide dismutase 1 were not changed. These data demonstrate that developmental deformities induced by toxaphene include pericardial edema and skeletal deformity, and that toxaphene can affect oxidative phosphorylation in early staged zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Perez-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engeering Laboratory for Breeding Aquatic Organisms, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'An City, 223300, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Alejandro de la Cova
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jordan Schmidt
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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49
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Gaaied S, Oliveira M, Domingues I, Banni M. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide effects on zebrafish larvae: development, neurotransmission and behavior as sensitive endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3686-3696. [PMID: 30778938 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of pesticides toxicity using zebrafish early life stages is relevant for aquatic systems safety. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos from 3 h post fertilization to 96 hpf. A set of 2,4-D concentrations ranging from 0.32 to 80 mg/L were tested and median lethal concentration (LC50) at 96-h was calculated as 2.86 mg/L. A sub-teratogenic concentrations range from 0.02 to 0.8 mg/L was then used to assess effects at ontogenic, biochemical, and behavioral levels. The main developmental defects were tail deformities and pericardial edema at concentrations equal or above 0.32 mg/L. Cholinesterase activity (at 96 hpf) and larvae swimming behavior (at 120 hpf) were affected even at the lowest tested dose (0.02 mg/L). The behavior analysis was a sensitive endpoint, with a decrease in the swimming distance of exposed larvae during light period. The effect of 2,4-D in ChE was translated by an inhibition of the enzyme activity in all treated groups. These findings demonstrate that 2,4-D can alter the cholinergic system by affecting ChE activity which may be involved in the locomotion reduction of exposed larvae and emphasize the potential of neurotransmission and behavioral endpoints as early warning signs of herbicides contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gaaied
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Domingues
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia.
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50
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Freitas JS, Girotto L, Goulart BV, Alho LDOG, Gebara RC, Montagner CC, Schiesari L, Espíndola ELG. Effects of 2,4-D-based herbicide (DMA ® 806) on sensitivity, respiration rates, energy reserves and behavior of tadpoles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109446. [PMID: 31323523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increased use of sugarcane pesticides and their destination to non-target environments in Brazil has generated concerns related to the conservation of more vulnerable groups, such as amphibians. Besides the high skin permeability, tadpoles are constantly restricted to small and ephemeral ponds, where exposure to high concentrations of pesticides in agricultural areas is inevitable. This study evaluated chronic effects caused by sub-lethal concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide on energy storage, development, respiration rates, swimming performance and avoidance behavior of bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus). Firstly, we conducted acute toxicity test (96 h) to estipulate sub-lethal concentrations of 2,4-D and evaluate the sensitivity of three tadpoles' species to this herbicide. Results showed that Leptodactylus fuscus presented the lowest LC50 96 h, 28.81 mg/L, followed by Physalaemus nattereri (143.08 mg/L) and L. catesbeianus (574.52 mg/L). Chronic exposure to 2,4-D (125, 250 and 500 μg/L) delayed metamorphosis and inhibited the growth of tadpoles at concentrations of 125 μg/L. Effects on biochemical reserves showed that 2,4-D increased total hepatic lipids in tadpoles, although some individual lipid classes (e.g. free fatty acids and triglycerides) were reduced. Protein and carbohydrates contents were also impaired by 2,4-D, suggesting a disruption on energy metabolism of amphibians by the herbicide. In addition to biochemical changes, respiration rates and swimming speed were also decreased after chronic exposure to 2,4-D, and these responses appeared to be correlated with the changes detected in the basic energy content. Avoidance test indicated that tadpoles of L. catesbeinus avoided the presence of 2,4-D, however they were unable to detect increasing gradients of the contaminant. Our data showed that chronic exposure to 2,4-D impaired biochemical, physiological and behavioral aspects of tadpoles, which may compromise their health and make them more vulnerable to environmental stressors in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laís Girotto
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luis Schiesari
- EACH, USP - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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