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Zimmermann I, Kaveh-Baghbaderani Y, Eilts F, Kohn N, Fraga-García P, Berensmeier S. Direct Affinity Ligand Immobilization onto Bare Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Enables Efficient Magnetic Separation of Antibodies. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3942-3952. [PMID: 38740514 PMCID: PMC11190986 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic separation is a promising alternative to chromatography for enhancing the downstream processing (DSP) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, there is a lack of efficient magnetic particles for successful application. Aiming to fill this gap, we demonstrate the suitability of bare iron oxide nanoparticles (BION) with physical site-directed immobilization of an engineered Protein A affinity ligand (rSpA) as an innovative magnetic material. The rSpA ligand contains a short peptide tag that enables the direct and stable immobilization onto the uncoated BION surface without commonly required laborious particle activation. The resulting BION@rSpA have beneficial characteristics outperforming conventional Protein A-functionalized magnetic particles: a simple, fast, low-cost synthesis, a particle size in the nanometer range with a large effective specific surface area enabling large immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding capacity, and a high magnetophoretic velocity advantageous for fast processing. We further show rapid interactions of IgG with the easily accessible rSpA ligands. The binding of IgG to BION@rSpA is thereby highly selective and not impeded by impurity molecules in perfusion cell culture supernatant. Regarding the subsequent acidic IgG elution from BION@rSpA@IgG, we observed a hampering pH increase caused by the protonation of large iron oxide surfaces after concentrating the particles in 100 mM sodium acetate buffer. However, the pH can be stabilized by adding 50 mM glycine to the elution buffer, resulting in recoveries above 85% even at high particle concentrations. Our work shows that BION@rSpA enable efficient magnetic mAb separation and could help to overcome emerging bottlenecks in DSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Zimmermann
- Chair
of Bioseparation Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yasmin Kaveh-Baghbaderani
- Chair
of Bioseparation Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Friederike Eilts
- Chair
of Bioseparation Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nadja Kohn
- Chair
of Bioseparation Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Chair
of Bioseparation Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Chair
of Bioseparation Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Integrated Materials, Energy and Process Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Domínguez-López LG, Mejía-Manzano LA, González-Valdez J. Using the reactive/transport dispersive models to simulate a monolithic anion exchanger: Experimental parameter determination, simultaneous model evaluation, and validation. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38850174 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Selecting an adequate model to represent the mass transfer mechanisms occurring in a chromatographic process is generally complicated, which is one of the reasons why monolithic chromatography is scarcely simulated. In this study, the chromatographic separation of model proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA), β-lactoglobulin-A, and β-lactoglobulin-B on an anion exchange monolith was simulated based on experimental parameter determination, simultaneous model testing, and validation under three statistical criteria: retention time, dispersion accuracies, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Experimental characterization of morphologic, physicochemical, and kinetic parameters was performed through volume balances, pressure drop analysis, breakthrough curve analysis, and batch adsorptions. Free Gibbs energy indicated a spontaneous adsorption process for proteins and counterions. Dimensionless numbers were estimated based on height equivalent to a theoretical plate analysis, finding that pore diffusion controlled β-lactoglobulin separation, whereas adsorption/desorption kinetics was the dominant mechanism for BSA. The elution profiles were modeled using the transport dispersive model and the reactive dispersive model coupled with steric mass action (SMA) isotherms because these models allowed to consider most of the mass transport mechanisms that have been described. RDM-SMA presented the most accurate simulations at pH 6.0 and at low (250 mM) and high (400 mM) NaCl concentrations. This simulation will be used as reference to forecast the purification of these proteins from bovine whey waste and to extrapolate this methodology to other monolith-based separations using these three statistical criteria that have not been used previously for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José González-Valdez
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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3
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Conti M, Boland D, Heeran C, Symington JA, Pullen JR, Dimartino S. Purification of monoclonal antibodies using novel 3D printed ordered stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464873. [PMID: 38626540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
3D printing offers the unprecedented ability to fabricate chromatography stationary phases with bespoke 3D morphology as opposed to traditional packed beds of spherical beads. The restricted range of printable materials compatible with chromatography is considered a setback for its industrial implementation. Recently, we proposed a novel ink that exhibits favourable printing performance (printing time ∼100 mL/h, resolution ∼200 µm) and broadens the possibilities for a range of chromatography applications thanks to its customisable surface chemistry. In this work, this ink was used to fabricate 3D printed ordered columns with 300 µm channels for the capture and polishing of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. The columns were initially assessed for leachables and extractables, revealing no material propensity for leaching. Columns were then functionalised with protein A and SO3 ligands to obtain affinity and strong cation exchangers, respectively. 3D printed protein A columns showed >85 % IgG recovery from harvested cell culture fluid with purities above 98 %. Column reusability was evaluated over 20 cycles showing unaffected performance. Eluate samples were analysed for co-eluted protein A fragments, host cell protein and aggregates. Results demonstrate excellent HCP clearance (logarithmic reduction value of > 2.5) and protein A leakage in the range of commercial affinity resins (<100 ng/mg). SO3 functionalised columns employed for polishing achieved removal of leaked Protein A (down to 10 ng/mg) to meet regulatory expectations of product purity. This work is the first implementation of 3D printed columns for mAb purification and provides strong evidence for their potential in industrial bioseparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Conti
- Institute for Bioengineering, The School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Deirdre Boland
- Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, Teesside, TS23 1LH, UK
| | - Carmen Heeran
- Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, Teesside, TS23 1LH, UK
| | | | - James R Pullen
- Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, Teesside, TS23 1LH, UK
| | - Simone Dimartino
- Institute for Bioengineering, The School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, UK.
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4
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Decker JS, Yano U, Melgar RM, Lynch MD. Phase separation methods for protein purification: A meta-analysis of purification performance and cost-effectiveness. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400005. [PMID: 38651259 PMCID: PMC11076012 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Protein purifications based on phase separations (e.g., precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction) have seen little adoption in commercial protein drug production. To identify barriers, we analyzed the purification performance and economics of 290 phase separation purifications from 168 publications. First, we found that studies using Design of Experiments for optimization achieved significantly greater mean yield and host cell protein log10 removal values than those optimizing one factor at a time (11.5% and 53% increases, respectively). Second, by modeling each reported purification at scales from 10 to 10,000 kg product/year and comparing its cost-effectiveness versus chromatography, we found that cost-effectiveness depends strongly on scale: the fraction of phase separations predicted to be cost-effective at the 10, 100, and 1000 kg/year scales was 8%, 15%, and 43%, respectively. Total cost per unit product depends inversely on input purity, with phase separation being cheaper than chromatography at the 100 kg/year scale in 100% of cases where input purity was ≤ 1%, compared to about 25% of cases in the dataset as a whole. Finally, we identified a simple factor that strongly predicts phase separation process costs: the mass ratio of reagents versus purified product (the "direct materials usage rate"), which explains up to 58% of variation in cost per unit of purified product among all 290 reports, and up to 98% of variation within particular types of phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Decker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Utsuki Yano
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Michael D. Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC
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5
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Osuofa J, Husson SM. Preparation of Protein A Membranes Using Propargyl Methacrylate-Based Copolymers and Copper-Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Click Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:239. [PMID: 38257038 PMCID: PMC10819539 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of convective technologies for antibody purification is of interest to the bioprocessing industries. This study developed a Protein A membrane using a combination of graft polymerization and copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide click chemistry. Regenerated cellulose supports were functionalized via surface-initiated copolymerization of propargyl methacrylate (PgMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA300), followed by a reaction with azide-functionalized Protein A ligand. The polymer-modified membranes were characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), gravimetric analysis, and permeability measurements. Copolymer composition was determined using the Mayo-Lewis equation. Membranes clicked with azide-conjugated Protein A were evaluated by measuring static and dynamic binding (DBC10) capacities for human immunoglobulin G (hIgG). Copolymer composition and degree of grafting were found to affect maximum static binding capacities, with values ranging from 5 to 16 mg/mL. DBC10 values did not vary with flow rate, as expected of membrane adsorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M. Husson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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6
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Zhou J, Wu H, Shao J, Qu JH, Li M, Zhaiman H, Wang Q, Jiang Z. Biomimetic affinity membrane roll column for rapid purification of C-reactive protein. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464541. [PMID: 38041978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
To in-depth explore the action mechanism of C-reactive protein (CRP) and precisely study its signaling pathways, it is essential to acquire high-purity CRP while preserving its intact structure and functionality. In this study, we propose and fabricate a high-density 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-modified membrane roll column (MPC-MRC) using a surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) approach, which can overcome these limitations (long incubation time and low adsorption capacity) of conventional enrichment materials. The MPC-MRC incorporates a high-density 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate polymer brush to prevent non-specific protein adsorption and multiple MPC polymer brush layers for high-performance enrichment of CRP in the company of calcium ions. Furthermore, the MPC-MRC exhibits high permeability, hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength. Compared to previous technologies, this novel material demonstrates significantly higher CRP binding capacity (310.3 mg/g), shorter processing time (only 15 min), and lower cost (only 12 USD/column). Notably, the MPC-MRC enables fast and effective purification of CRP from both human and rat serum, exhibiting good selectivity, recovery (> 91.3 %), and purity (> 95.2 %). Thus, this proposed purification approach based on MPC-MRC holds great potential for target protein enrichment from complex samples, as well as facilitating in-depth studies of its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Occupational Health Laboratory, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital/Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230041, PR China
| | - Jianxiong Shao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-Huan Qu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Minyi Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huayun Zhaiman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiqin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 610065, PR China.
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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7
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Etit D, Ögmundarson Ó, Zhang J, Krogh Jensen M, Sukumara S. Early-stage economic and environmental impact assessment for optimized bioprocess development: Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:130005. [PMID: 37952588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial refactoring offers sustainable production of plant-sourced pharmaceuticals associated with high production costs, ecological harms, and supply chain dependencies. Here, microbial tabersonine production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is modeled during early-stage development (TRL: 3-5), guiding decisions for process-scale economic and environmental optimization. The base-case 0.7 mg/L titer indicated a minimum selling price (MSP) of $3,910,000/kg and global warming potential (GWP) of 2,540 kgCO2eq/g. The industrial process at 1 g/L resulted in an MSP of 4,262 $/kg and a GWP of 6.36 kgCO2eq/g. Location analysis indicated a sustainability trade-off between France, USA, Poland, and China, with the written order of declining MSP and increasing GWP. Continuous processing promised reducing the MSP by 18-27 %, and the GWP by 17-31 %. In-situ product extraction during fermentation was estimated to lower the MSP by 41-61 %, and the GWP by 30-75 %. In addition to showcasing a combined TEA-LCA on biopharmaceuticals, the early-stage assessment approach guides bioprocess optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Etit
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ólafur Ögmundarson
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Aragata 14, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jie Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Krogh Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sumesh Sukumara
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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8
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Decker JS, Yano U, Melgar RM, Lynch MD. Precipitation and Extraction Methods for Protein Purification: A Meta-Analysis of Purification Performance and Cost-Effectiveness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.14.571684. [PMID: 38168161 PMCID: PMC10760113 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.14.571684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
For protein drug purification, packed-bed chromatography often remains both the predominant method and a bottleneck for cost and scalability. Accordingly, extensive efforts have been made to develop alternatives, such as precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction. Despite decades of development, such methods have been slow to see adoption in commercial processes. To diagnose the key barriers to implementation and guide future work, we have systematically reviewed studies of protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction. We classify the products, methods, and results of 168 publications representing 290 unique purification operations and analyze these operations in terms of both process economics and purification performance. Whereas it is generally assumed that precipitation and extraction methods will have lower costs than chromatography, we find that this is only the case under specific process conditions such as at a large manufacturing scale and low initial sample purity. Furthermore, we find that only a small number of the many precipitation and extraction methods reported to date have shown readiness for implementation in protein drug purification processes. Finally, we identify key factors governing both the economic and purification performance of this class of methods: first, that operating costs are almost entirely predictable by the ratio between the mass of phase-forming materials used and the mass of product protein yielded; second, that use of modern optimization techniques such as Design of Experiments is associated with significantly better purification performance and cost-effectiveness. Highlights Alternative separation purification methods are not always cheaper than chromatographyThe use of a combination of phase separating agents remains largely underexplored/underutilizedLower initial purity and increasing production scale favor phase-separation over chromatographyThe direct material usage rate is an important predictor of alternative separation cost-effectivenessCurrent alternative separation method development has largely ignored optimization of direct material usage rate.
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9
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Drobnjakovic M, Hart R, Kulvatunyou BS, Ivezic N, Srinivasan V. Current challenges and recent advances on the path towards continuous biomanufacturing. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3378. [PMID: 37493037 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Continuous biopharmaceutical manufacturing is currently a field of intense research due to its potential to make the entire production process more optimal for the modern, ever-evolving biopharmaceutical market. Compared to traditional batch manufacturing, continuous bioprocessing is more efficient, adjustable, and sustainable and has reduced capital costs. However, despite its clear advantages, continuous bioprocessing is yet to be widely adopted in commercial manufacturing. This article provides an overview of the technological roadblocks for extensive adoptions and points out the recent advances that could help overcome them. In total, three key areas for improvement are identified: Quality by Design (QbD) implementation, integration of upstream and downstream technologies, and data and knowledge management. First, the challenges to QbD implementation are explored. Specifically, process control, process analytical technology (PAT), critical process parameter (CPP) identification, and mathematical models for bioprocess control and design are recognized as crucial for successful QbD realizations. Next, the difficulties of end-to-end process integration are examined, with a particular emphasis on downstream processing. Finally, the problem of data and knowledge management and its potential solutions are outlined where ontologies and data standards are pointed out as key drivers of progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Drobnjakovic
- Systems Integration Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger Hart
- National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Boonserm Serm Kulvatunyou
- Systems Integration Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Nenad Ivezic
- Systems Integration Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Vijay Srinivasan
- Systems Integration Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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10
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Rajoub N, Gerard CJJ, Pantuso E, Fontananova E, Caliandro R, Belviso BD, Curcio E, Nicoletta FP, Pullen J, Chen W, Heng JYY, Ruane S, Liddell J, Alvey N, Ter Horst JH, Di Profio G. A workflow for the development of template-assisted membrane crystallization downstream processing for monoclonal antibody purification. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2998-3049. [PMID: 37697106 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly used biologic drugs for the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, COVID-19 and various cancers. They are produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines and are purified via a number of complex and expensive chromatography-based steps, operated in batch mode, that rely heavily on protein A resin. The major drawback of conventional procedures is the high cost of the adsorption media and the extensive use of chemicals for the regeneration of the chromatographic columns, with an environmental cost. We have shown that conventional protein A chromatography can be replaced with a single crystallization step and gram-scale production can be achieved in continuous flow using the template-assisted membrane crystallization process. The templates are embedded in a membrane (e.g., porous polyvinylidene fluoride with a layer of polymerized polyvinyl alcohol) and serve as nucleants for crystallization. mAbs are flexible proteins that are difficult to crystallize, so it can be challenging to determine the optimal conditions for crystallization. The objective of this protocol is to establish a systematic and flexible approach for the design of a robust, economic and sustainable mAb purification platform to replace at least the protein A affinity stage in traditional chromatography-based purification platforms. The procedure provides details on how to establish the optimal parameters for separation (crystallization conditions, choice of templates, choice of membrane) and advice on analytical and characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazer Rajoub
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charline J J Gerard
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elvira Pantuso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy
| | - Enrica Fontananova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy
| | - Rocco Caliandro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia (IC), Bari, Italy
| | - Benny D Belviso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia (IC), Bari, Italy
| | - Efrem Curcio
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Fiore P Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Rende, Italy
| | - James Pullen
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Billingham, UK
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sean Ruane
- Center for Process Innovation (CPI), Darlington, UK
| | - John Liddell
- Center for Process Innovation (CPI), Darlington, UK
| | | | - Joop H Ter Horst
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gianluca Di Profio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy.
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11
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Lothert K, Harsy YMJ, Endres P, Müller E, Wolff MW. Evaluation of restricted access media for the purification of cell culture-derived Orf viruses. Eng Life Sci 2023; 23:e2300009. [PMID: 37664009 PMCID: PMC10472920 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, multimodal chromatography using restricted access media (RAM) for the purification of nanoparticles, such as viruses has regained increasing attention. These chromatography resins combine size exclusion on the particle shell and adsorptive interaction within the core. Accordingly, smaller process-related impurities, for example, DNA and proteins, can be retained, while larger product viruses can pass unhindered. We evaluated a range of currently available RAM, differing in the shells' pore cut-off and the core chemistry, for the purification of a cell culture-derived clarified model virus, namely the Orf virus (ORFV). We examined impurity depletion and product recovery as relevant criteria for the evaluation of column performance, as well as scale-up robustness and regeneration potential for evaluating a multiple use application. The results indicate that some columns, for example, the Capto Core, enable both a high DNA and protein removal, while others, for example, the Monomix Core 60 (MC60), are more suitable for DNA depletion. Furthermore, column regeneration is facilitated by using columns with larger shell pores (5000 vs. 700 kDa) and weaker binding interactions (anion exchange vs. multimodal). According to these findings, the choice of RAM resins should be selected according to the respective feed sample composition and the planned number of application cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven Lothert
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM)GiessenGermany
| | - Yasmina M. J. Harsy
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM)GiessenGermany
| | - Patrick Endres
- Tosoh Bioscience GmbH, Separations Business Unit ‐ EuropeGriesheimGermany
| | - Egbert Müller
- Tosoh Bioscience GmbH, Separations Business Unit ‐ EuropeGriesheimGermany
| | - Michael W. Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM)GiessenGermany
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12
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Verma V, Bade I, Karde V, Heng JYY. Experimental Elucidation of Templated Crystallization and Secondary Processing of Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041288. [PMID: 37111774 PMCID: PMC10142637 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystallization of peptides offers a sustainable and inexpensive alternative to the purification process. In this study, diglycine was crystallised in porous silica, showing the porous templates' positive yet discriminating effect. The diglycine induction time was reduced by five-fold and three-fold upon crystallising in the presence of silica with pore sizes of 6 nm and 10 nm, respectively. The diglycine induction time had a direct relationship with the silica pore size. The stable form (α-form) of diglycine was crystallised in the presence of porous silica, with the diglycine crystals obtained associated with the silica particles. Further, we studied the mechanical properties of diglycine tablets for their tabletability, compactability, and compressibility. The mechanical properties of the diglycine tablets were similar to those of pure MCC, even with the presence of diglycine crystals in the tablets. The diffusion studies of the tablets using the dialysis membrane presented an extended release of diglycine through the dialysis membrane, confirming that the peptide crystal can be used for oral formulation. Hence, the crystallization of peptides preserved their mechanical and pharmacological properties. More data on different peptides can help us produce oral formulation peptides faster than usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Isha Bade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vikram Karde
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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13
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McCue C, Girard HL, Varanasi KK. Enhancing Protein Crystal Nucleation Using In Situ Templating on Bioconjugate-Functionalized Nanoparticles and Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12622-12630. [PMID: 36853011 PMCID: PMC10020963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although protein crystallization offers a promising alternative to chromatography for lower-cost protein purification, slow nucleation kinetics and high protein concentration requirements are major barriers for using crystallization as a viable strategy in downstream protein purification. Here, we demonstrate that nanoparticles functionalized with bioconjugates can result in an in situ template for inducing rapid crystallization of proteins at low protein concentration conditions. We use a microbatch crystallization setup to show that the range of successful crystallization conditions is expanded by the presence of functionalized nanoparticles. Furthermore, we use a custom machine learning-enabled emulsion crystallization setup to rigorously quantify nucleation parameters. We show that bioconjugate-functionalized nanoparticles can result in up to a 7-fold decrease in the induction time and a 3-fold increase in the nucleation rate of model proteins compared to those in control environments. We thus provide foundational insight that could enable crystallization to be used in protein manufacturing by reducing both the protein concentration and the time required to nucleate protein crystals.
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14
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Ge H, Liu X, Yuan H, Zhang G. Biomimetic one-pot preparation of surface biofunctionalized silica-coated magnetic composites for dual enzyme oriented immobilization without pre-purification. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 164:110169. [PMID: 36508943 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Surface functioned magnetic silica particles are efficient carriers to achieve facilitated separation and recycling of biocatalysts. However, traditional methods of modifying magnetic silica particles required time-costly sequential coating and surface modification steps and toxic solvents. Herein, a green and efficient routine was proposed to prepare the surface modified silica-coated magnetic microspheres (SCEs@SiO2 @Fe3O4) in one-pot. The elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs)-SpyCatcher chimera (SCEs) were purified by inverse transition cycling with high yield (275 mg/L) and incorporated into the magnetic silica spheres based on the biomimetic silicification capability of ELPs as proved by the EDS and SEM mapping. No SCEs leaked was observed within 48 h, indicating excellent stability in buffer. Then, the biofunctionalized carriers were used to purify and immobilize the target dual enzymes (xylanase-linker-SpyTag-linker-lichenase, bienzymes) directly from the crude cell lysis solution by the spontaneous isopeptide bond reaction between SpyCatcher and SpyTag. The immobilized bienzymes were sphere-like magnetic silica particles with uniform size, which had good magnetic responsiveness. The immobilization yield, immobilization efficiency and activity recovery for xylanase were 86%, 84 % and 72 %, while for lichenase was 92 %, 86 % and 79 %, respectively. Besides, the immobilized bienzymes showed good reusability (>60 %, 10 times for xylanase, >95 %, 8 times for lichenase). The SCEs modified silica-coated magnetic microspheres are expected to provide versatile platforms for single-step of purification and immobilization of multienzymes, offering great potentials in the field of biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Ge
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Guangya Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
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15
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Process Modelling of Protein Crystallisation: A Case Study of Lysozyme. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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16
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Pu S, Hadinoto K. A comparative study of antisolvent versus salting-out precipitations of glycopeptide vancomycin: Precipitation efficiency and product qualities. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Zhou J, Zuo C, Tian H, Wang W, Yang J, Crommen J, Jiang Z, Wang Q. Magnetic composite membrane roll column for rapid and high efficiency separation of antibodies. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Wegner CH, Hubbuch J. Calibration-free PAT: Locating selective crystallization or precipitation sweet spot in screenings with multi-way PARAFAC models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1051129. [PMID: 36588941 PMCID: PMC9797130 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When developping selective crystallization or precipitation processes, biopharmaceutical modalities require empirical screenings and analytics tailored to the specific needs of the target molecule. The multi-way chemometric approach called parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) coupled with ultraviolet visible light (UV/Vis) spectroscopy is able to predict specific concentrations and spectra from highly structured data sets without the need for calibration samples and reference analytics. These calculated models can provide exploratory information on pure species spectra and concentrations in all analyzed samples by representing one model component with one species. In this work, protein mixtures, monoclonal antibodies, and virus-like particles in chemically defined and complex solutions were investigated in three high-throughput crystallization or precipitation screenings with the aim to construct one PARAFAC model per case. Spectroscopic data sets of samples after the selective crystallization or precipitation, washing, and redissolution were recorded and arranged into a four-dimensional data set per case study. Different reference analytics and pure species spectra served as validation. Appropriate spectral preprocessing parameters were found for all case studies allowing even the application of this approach to the third case study in which quantitative concentration analytics are missing. Regardless of the modality or the number of species present in complex solutions, all models were able to estimate the specific concentration and find the optimal process condition regarding yield and product purity. It was shown that in complex solutions, species demonstrating similar phase behavior can be clustered as one component and described in the model. PARAFAC as a calibration-free approach coupled with UV/Vis spectroscopy provides a fast overview of species present in complex solution and of their concentration during selective crystallization or precipitation, washing, and redissolution.
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19
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Nyande BW, Thomas KM, Takarianto AA, Lakerveld R. Control of crystal size distribution in batch protein crystallization by integrating a gapped Kenics static mixer to flexibly produce seed crystals. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Schwaminger SP, Zimmermann I, Berensmeier S. Current research approaches in downstream processing of pharmaceutically relevant proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102768. [PMID: 35930843 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals and their production are on the rise. They are needed to treat and to prevent multiple diseases. Therefore, an urgent need for process intensification in downstream processing (DSP) has been identified to produce biopharmaceuticals more efficiently. The DSP currently accounts for the majority of production costs of pharmaceutically relevant proteins. This short review gathers essential research over the past 3 years that addresses novel solutions to overcome this bottleneck. The overview includes promising studies in the fields of chromatography, aqueous two-phase systems, precipitation, crystallization, magnetic separation, and filtration for the purification of pharmaceutically relevant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | - Ines Zimmermann
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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21
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Gerard CJ, Briuglia ML, Rajoub N, Mastropietro TF, Chen W, Heng JYY, Di Profio G, ter Horst JH. Template-Assisted Crystallization Behavior in Stirred Solutions of the Monoclonal Antibody Anti-CD20: Probability Distributions of Induction Times. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:3637-3645. [PMID: 35673394 PMCID: PMC9164231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to determine the template crystallization behavior of proteins. This method is a statistical approach that accounts for the stochastic nature of nucleation. It makes use of batch-wise experiments under stirring conditions in volumes smaller than 0.3 mL to save material while mimicking larger-scale processes. To validate our method, it was applied to the crystallization of a monoclonal antibody of pharmaceutical interest, Anti-CD20. First, we determined the Anti-CD20 phase diagram in a PEG-400/Na2SO4/water system using the batch method, as, to date, no such data on Anti-CD20 solubility have been reported. Then, the probability distribution of induction times was determined experimentally, in the presence of various mesoporous silica template particles, and crystallization of Anti-CD20 in the absence of templates was compared to template-assisted crystallization. The probability distribution of induction times is shown to be a suitable method to determine the effect of template particles on protein crystallization. The induction time distribution allows for the determination of two key parameters of nucleation, the nucleation rate and the growth time. This study shows that the use of silica particles leads to faster crystallization and a higher nucleation rate. The template particle characteristics are shown to be critical parameters to efficiently promote protein crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline
J. J. Gerard
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallisation, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, U.K.
- SMS
Laboratory EA 3233, Place Emile Blondel, University of Rouen-Normandie, CEDEX, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Maria L. Briuglia
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallisation, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Nazer Rajoub
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallisation, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Teresa F. Mastropietro
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto
per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, I-87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Jerry Y. Y. Heng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Gianluca Di Profio
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto
per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, I-87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Joop H. ter Horst
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallisation, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, U.K.
- SMS
Laboratory EA 3233, Place Emile Blondel, University of Rouen-Normandie, CEDEX, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
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22
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Lothert K, Eilts F, Wolff MW. Quantification methods for viruses and virus-like particles applied in biopharmaceutical production processes. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1029-1044. [PMID: 35483057 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2072302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective cell-based production processes of virus particles are the foundation for the global availability of classical vaccines, gene therapeutic vectors, and viral oncolytic treatments. Their production is subject to regulatory standards ensuring the safety and efficacy of the pharmaceutical product. Process analytics must be fast and reliable to provide an efficient process development and a robust process control during production. Additionally, for the product release, the drug compound and the contaminants must be quantified by assays specified by regulatory authorities. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes analytical methods suitable for the quantification of viruses or virus-like particles. The different techniques are grouped by the analytical question that may be addressed. Accordingly, methods focus on the infectivity of the drug component on the one hand, and on particle counting and the quantification of viral elements on the other hand. The different techniques are compared regarding their advantages, drawbacks, required assay time, and sample throughput. EXPERT OPINION Among the technologies summarized, a tendency toward fast methods, allowing a high throughput and a wide applicability, can be foreseen. Driving forces for this progress are miniaturization and automation, and the continuous enhancement of process-relevant databases for a successful future process control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven Lothert
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Giessen, Germany
| | - Friederike Eilts
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Giessen, Germany.,Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
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23
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Decker JS, Menacho-Melgar R, Lynch MD. Integrated autolysis, DNA hydrolysis and precipitation enables an improved bioprocess for Q-Griffithsin, a broad-spectrum antiviral and clinical-stage anti-COVID-19 candidate. Biochem Eng J 2022; 181:108403. [PMID: 35308834 PMCID: PMC8917701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Across the biomanufacturing industry, innovations are needed to improve efficiency and flexibility, especially in the face of challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we report an improved bioprocess for Q-Griffithsin, a broad-spectrum antiviral currently in clinical trials for COVID-19. Q-Griffithsin is produced at high titer in E. coli and purified to anticipated clinical grade without conventional chromatography or the need for any fixed downstream equipment. The process is thus both low-cost and highly flexible, facilitating low sales prices and agile modifications of production capacity, two key features for pandemic response. The simplicity of this process is enabled by a novel unit operation that integrates cellular autolysis, autohydrolysis of nucleic acids, and contaminant precipitation, giving essentially complete removal of host cell DNA as well as reducing host cell proteins and endotoxin by 3.6 and 2.4 log10 units, respectively. This unit operation can be performed rapidly and in the fermentation vessel, such that Q-GRFT is obtained with 100% yield and > 99.9% purity immediately after fermentation and requires only a flow-through membrane chromatography step for further contaminant removal. Using this operation or variations of it may enable improved bioprocesses for a range of other high-value proteins in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Decker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael D Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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24
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Tao T, Gao Z, Fang C, Zhang J, Xu J, Yang H, Gong J. Enhancement of protein crystallization with the application of Taylor vortex and Poly(ionic liquid)s. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Decker JS, Menacho-Melgar R, Lynch MD. Integrated Autolysis, DNA Hydrolysis and Precipitation Enables an Improved Bioprocess for Q-Griffithsin, a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral and Clinical-Stage anti-COVID-19 Candidate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2021.12.30.474602. [PMID: 35018377 PMCID: PMC8750652 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.30.474602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Across the biomanufacturing industry, innovations are needed to improve efficiency and flexibility, especially in the face of challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we report an improved bioprocess for Q-Griffithsin, a broad-spectrum antiviral currently in clinical trials for COVID-19. Q-Griffithsin is produced at high titer in E. coli and purified to anticipated clinical grade without conventional chromatography or the need for any fixed downstream equipment. The process is thus both low-cost and highly flexible, facilitating low sales prices and agile modifications of production capacity, two key features for pandemic response. The simplicity of this process is enabled by a novel unit operation that integrates cellular autolysis, autohydrolysis of nucleic acids, and contaminant precipitation, giving essentially complete removal of host cell DNA as well as reducing host cell proteins and endotoxin by 3.6 and 2.4 log 10 units, respectively. This unit operation can be performed rapidly and in the fermentation vessel, such that Q-GRFT is obtained with 100% yield and >99.9% purity immediately after fermentation and requires only a flow-through membrane chromatography step for further contaminant removal. Using this operation or variations of it may enable improved bioprocesses for a range of other high-value proteins in E. coli . HIGHLIGHTS Integrating autolysis, DNA hydrolysis and precipitation enables process simplificationAutolysis reduces endotoxin release and burden to purificationQ-Griffithsin recovered from fermentation vessel at >99.9% purity and 100% yieldQ-Griffithsin purified to anticipated clinical grade without conventional chromatographyThe resulting bioprocess is 100% disposables-compatible, scalable, and low-cost.
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26
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The critical role of agitation in moving from preliminary screening results to reproducible batch protein crystallisation. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Joshi PU, Turpeinen DG, Schroeder M, Jones B, Lyons A, Kriz S, Khaksari M, O'Hagan D, Nikam S, Heldt CL. Osmolyte enhanced aqueous two-phase system for virus purification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3251-3262. [PMID: 34129733 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high variation in viral surface properties, a platform method for virus purification is still lacking. A potential alternative to the high-cost conventional methods is aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs). However, optimizing virus purification in ATPS requires a large experimental design space, and the optimized systems are generally found to operate at high ATPS component concentrations. The high concentrations capitalize on hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions to obtain high viral particle yields. This study investigated using osmolytes as driving force enhancers to reduce the high concentration of ATPS components while maintaining high yields. The partitioning behavior of porcine parvovirus (PPV), a nonenveloped mammalian virus, and human immunodeficiency virus-like particle (HIV-VLP), a yeast-expressed enveloped VLP, were studied in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) 12 kDa-citrate system. The partitioning of the virus modalities was enhanced by osmoprotectants glycine and betaine, while trimethylamine N-oxide was ineffective for PPV. The increased partitioning to the PEG-rich phase pertained only to viruses, resulting in high virus purification. Recoveries were 100% for infectious PPV and 92% for the HIV-VLP, with high removal of the contaminant proteins and more than 60% DNA removal when glycine was added. The osmolyte-induced ATPS demonstrated a versatile method for virus purification, irrespective of the expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik U Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.,Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Dylan G Turpeinen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.,Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Schroeder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Bianca Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Detroit-Mercy, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Audrey Lyons
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Seth Kriz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.,Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Maryam Khaksari
- Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Caryn L Heldt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.,Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
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28
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Abstract
AbstractFood side streams contain useful compounds such as proteins, sugars, polyphenols, and amino acids that might get discarded during processing. The concentration of these components may be low (e.g., fruit side streams are mainly composed by water, around 90%, while polyphenol content in rapeseed meal is less than 3% dry weight) and therefore effective separation techniques should be evaluated. The aim of this review is to identify the different process steps (like pretreatment, volume reduction, phase change, solid removal, purification, and formulation) required to recover high-value products from agri-food residues. It reviews different plant-based byproducts as sources (cereal bran, fruit pomace, oilseed meals, fruit wastewater) of valuable compounds and discusses the relevant technologies required for processing (such as extraction, adsorption, crystallization, drying, among others). A structured approach to design recovery processes presented focused on high purity products. This work demonstrates that multiple high-value products can be recovered from a single agri-food side stream depending on the processing steps and the origin source (strong and soft structures and wastewater).
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30
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Abstract
Today’s biologics manufacturing practices incur high costs to the drug makers, which can contribute to high prices for patients. Timely investment in the development and implementation of continuous biomanufacturing can increase the production of consistent-quality drugs at a lower cost and a faster pace, to meet growing demand. Efficient use of equipment, manufacturing footprint, and labor also offer the potential to improve drug accessibility. Although technological efforts enabling continuous biomanufacturing have commenced, challenges remain in the integration, monitoring, and control of traditionally segmented unit operations. Here, we discuss recent developments supporting the implementation of continuous biomanufacturing, along with their benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohnmar Khanal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Abraham M Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
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31
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Mokhtari J, Nourisefat M, Zamiri B, Fotouhi L, Zarnani AH, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Karimian K. Novel Method for the Isolation of Proteins and Small Target Molecules from Biological and Aqueous Media by Salt-Assisted Phase Transformation of Their PEGylated Recognition Counterparts. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7585-7597. [PMID: 33778269 PMCID: PMC7992175 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and simple method for the application of PEGylated affinity ligands in precipitative isolation of protein target molecules (TMs) from a biological fluid such as blood serum or small target molecules from an aqueous medium is presented for the first time. This approach is based on the high binding specificity of PEGylated recognition molecules (PEG-RMs) to their TMs and the unique physicochemical properties of PEG that result in their salt-assisted phase transformation. Addition of PEG-RM to blood serum results in the formation of an RM-specific macromolecular complex (PEG-RM + TM → PEG-RM.TM) that undergoes facile salt-assisted phase transformation to a separable semisolid with ammonium sulfate. PEG-RM.TM is then dissociated into its components by pH reduction or an increase of ionic strength (PEG-RM.TM → PEG-RM + TM). PEG-RM is salted out to afford pure TM in solution. The same phenomenon is observed when RM or TM are small molecules. The general applicability of the method was validated by PEGylation of two proteins (protein A, sheep antihuman IgG) and a small molecule (salicylic acid) used as model RMs for the isolation of Igs, IgG, and serum albumin from blood serum. The isolated protein TMs were shown to be pure and aggregate-free by gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering (DLS). IgG isolated by this method was further characterized by peptide mass fingerprinting. PEGylated protein A was used to demonstrate the recyclability and scale-up potential of PEG-RM. IgG isolated by this method from blood serum of a hepatitis C-vaccinated individual was tested for its binding to sheep antihuman IgG by UV spectroscopy, and its bioactivity was ascertained by comparison of its enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) result to that of a blood sample from the same individual. Reciprocity of RM and TM was ascertained using PEGylated salicylic acid to obtain pure serum albumin, and PEGylated serum albumin was utilized for near-exclusive isolation of one drug from an aqueous equimolar mixture of three drugs (salicylic acid, 91%; capecitabine, 6%; and deferiprone, 3%). Advantages of this approach, including target specificity and general applicability and celerity, over other affinity methods for the isolation of proteins are discussed at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Mokhtari
- Arasto Pharmaceutical Chemicals Inc., Yousefabad, Jahanarar Avenue, 23rd St. No. 8, Tehran 1438933741, Iran
- Departments of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Maryam Nourisefat
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191 Iran
| | - Bita Zamiri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191 Iran
| | - Leila Fotouhi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191 Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1936773493, Iran
| | | | - Khashayar Karimian
- Arasto Pharmaceutical Chemicals Inc., Yousefabad, Jahanarar Avenue, 23rd St. No. 8, Tehran 1438933741, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191 Iran
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32
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Huang S, Bruce TF, Ding H, Wei Y, Marcus RK. Rapid isolation of lentivirus particles from cell culture media via a hydrophobic interaction chromatography method on a polyester, capillary-channeled polymer fiber stationary phase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2985-2994. [PMID: 33608753 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviruses are increasingly used as gene delivery vehicles for vaccines and immunotherapies. However, the purification of clinical-grade lentivirus vectors for therapeutic use is still troublesome and limits preclinical and clinical experiments. Current purification methods such as ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration are time consuming and do not remove all of the impurities such as cellular debris, membrane fragments, and denatured proteins from the lentiviruses. The same challenges exist in terms of their analytical characterization. Presented here is the novel demonstration of the chromatographic isolation of virus particles from culture media based on the hydrophobicity characteristics of the vesicles. A method was developed to isolate lentivirus from media using a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method performed on a polyester, capillary-channeled polymer (PET C-CP) stationary phase and a standard liquid chromatography apparatus. The method is an extension of the approach developed in this laboratory for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to verify and quantify lentiviruses in elution fractions. Load and elution mobile phase compositions were optimized to affect high efficiency and throughput. The process has been visualized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fiber surfaces following media injection, the elution of proteinaceous material, and the elution of lentiviruses. This effort has yielded a rapid (<10 min), low-cost (< $15 per column, providing multiple separations), and efficient method for the isolation/purification of lentivirus particles from cell culture media at the analytical scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Terri F Bruce
- Department of Bioengineering, Life Sciences Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Yanzhang Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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33
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Link FJ, Heng JYY. Enhancing the crystallisation of insulin using amino acids as soft-templates to control nucleation. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00026h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid as soft templates in promoting nucleation of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik J. Link
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Jerry Y. Y. Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering
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34
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Evert B, Vezina B, Rehm BHA. Catalytically Active Bioseparation Resin Utilizing a Covalent Intermediate for Tagless Protein Purification. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8911-8922. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Evert
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Ben Vezina
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
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Seručnik M, Vicente FA, Brečko Ž, Coutinho JA, Ventura SP, Žnidaršič-Plazl P. Development of a Microfluidic Platform for R-Phycoerythrin Purification Using an Aqueous Micellar Two-Phase System. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:17097-17105. [PMID: 33344096 PMCID: PMC7737240 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent aqueous micellar two-phase systems (AMTPSs) have recently been gaining attention in the isolation of high-added-value biomolecules from their natural sources. Despite their sustainability, aqueous two-phase systems, and particularly AMTPSs, have not been extensively applied in the industry, which might be changed by applying process integration and continuous manufacturing. Here, we report for the first time on an integrated microfluidic platform for fast and low-material-consuming development of continuous protein purification using an AMTPS. A system comprised of a microchannel incubated at high temperature, enabling instantaneous triggering of a two-phase system formation, and a microsettler, allowing complete phase separation at the outlets, is reported here. The separation of phycobiliproteins and particularly the purification of R-phycoerythrin from the contaminant proteins present in the aqueous crude extract obtained from fresh cells of Gracilaria gracilis were thereby achieved. The results from the developed microfluidic system revealed that the fractionation performance was maintained while reducing the processing time more than 20-fold when compared with the conventional lab-scale batch process. Furthermore, the integration of a miniaturized ultrafiltration module resulted in the complete removal of the surfactant from the bottom phase containing R-phycoerythrin, as well as in nearly twofold target protein concentration. The process setup successfully exploits the benefits of process intensification along with the integration of various downstream processes. Further transfer to a meso-scale integrated system would make such a system appropriate for the separation and purification of biomolecules with high commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Seručnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Filipa A. Vicente
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Aveiro
Institute of Materials (CICECO), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário
de Santiago, 3810-193 PT Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Živa Brečko
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - João A.
P. Coutinho
- Aveiro
Institute of Materials (CICECO), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário
de Santiago, 3810-193 PT Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P.
M. Ventura
- Aveiro
Institute of Materials (CICECO), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário
de Santiago, 3810-193 PT Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Polona Žnidaršič-Plazl
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair
of Microprocess Engineering and Technology–COMPETE, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- . Phone: +386 1 479 8572
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36
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Santos RD, Iria I, Manuel AM, Leandro AP, Madeira CAC, Goncalves J, Carvalho AL, Roque ACA. Magnetic Precipitation: A New Platform for Protein Purification. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000151. [PMID: 32578939 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the trends in downstream processing comprises the use of "anything-but-chromatography" methods to overcome the current downfalls of standard packed-bed chromatography. Precipitation and magnetic separation are two techniques already proven to accomplish protein purification from complex media, yet never used in synergy. With the aim to capture antibodies directly from crude extracts, a new approach combining precipitation and magnetic separation is developed and named as affinity magnetic precipitation. A precipitation screening, based on the Hofmeister series, and a commercial precipitation kit are tested with affinity magnetic particles to assess the best condition for antibody capture from human serum plasma and clarified cell supernatant. The best conditions are obtained when using PEG3350 as precipitant at 4 °C for 1 h, reaching 80% purity and 50% recovery of polyclonal antibodies from plasma, and 99% purity with 97% recovery yield of anti-TNFα mAb from cell supernatants. These results show that the synergetic use of precipitation and magnetic separation can represent an alternative for the efficient capture of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Dos Santos
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Inês Iria
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ana M Manuel
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ana P Leandro
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Catarina A C Madeira
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Joao Goncalves
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília A Roque
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
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