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Costa RT, Santos MB, Alberto-Silva C, Carrettiero DC, Ribeiro CAJ. Methylmalonic Acid Impairs Cell Respiration and Glutamate Uptake in C6 Rat Glioma Cells: Implications for Methylmalonic Acidemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1163-1180. [PMID: 35674974 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia is an organic acidemia caused by deficient activity of L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase or its cofactor cyanocobalamin and it is biochemically characterized by an accumulation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in tissue and body fluids of patients. The main clinical manifestations of this disease are neurological and observable symptoms during metabolic decompensation are encephalopathy, cerebral atrophy, coma, and seizures, which commonly appear in newborns. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of MMA in a glial cell line presenting astrocytic features. Astroglial C6 cells were exposed to MMA (0.1-10 mM) for 24 or 48 h and cell metabolic viability, glucose consumption, and oxygen consumption rate, as well as glutamate uptake and ATP content were analyzed. The possible preventive effects of bezafibrate were also evaluated. MMA significantly reduced cell metabolic viability after 48-h period and increased glucose consumption during the same period of incubation. Regarding the energy homeostasis, MMA significantly reduced respiratory parameters of cells after 48-h exposure, indicating that cell metabolism is compromised at resting and reserve capacity state, which might influence the cell capacity to meet energetic demands. Glutamate uptake and ATP content were also compromised after exposure to MMA, which can be influenced energy metabolism impairment, affecting the functionality of the astroglial cells. Our findings suggest that these effects could be involved in the pathophysiology of neurological dysfunction of this disease. Methylmalonic acid compromises mitochondrial functioning leading to reduced ATP production and reduces glutamate uptake by C6 astroglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata T Costa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas (CCNH), UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Marcella B Santos
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas (CCNH), UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto-Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas (CCNH), UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Carrettiero
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas (CCNH), UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - César A J Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas (CCNH), UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-045, Brazil.
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2
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Mantecón-Oria M, Tapia O, Lafarga M, Berciano MT, Munuera JM, Villar-Rodil S, Paredes JI, Rivero MJ, Diban N, Urtiaga A. Influence of the properties of different graphene-based nanomaterials dispersed in polycaprolactone membranes on astrocytic differentiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13408. [PMID: 35927565 PMCID: PMC9352708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Composites of polymer and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) combine easy processing onto porous 3D membrane geometries due to the polymer and cellular differentiation stimuli due to GBNs fillers. Aiming to step forward to the clinical application of polymer/GBNs composites, this study performs a systematic and detailed comparative analysis of the influence of the properties of four different GBNs: (i) graphene oxide obtained from graphite chemically processes (GO); (ii) reduced graphene oxide (rGO); (iii) multilayered graphene produced by mechanical exfoliation method (Gmec); and (iv) low-oxidized graphene via anodic exfoliation (Ganodic); dispersed in polycaprolactone (PCL) porous membranes to induce astrocytic differentiation. PCL/GBN flat membranes were fabricated by phase inversion technique and broadly characterized in morphology and topography, chemical structure, hydrophilicity, protein adsorption, and electrical properties. Cellular assays with rat C6 glioma cells, as model for cell-specific astrocytes, were performed. Remarkably, low GBN loading (0.67 wt%) caused an important difference in the response of the C6 differentiation among PCL/GBN membranes. PCL/rGO and PCL/GO membranes presented the highest biomolecule markers for astrocyte differentiation. Our results pointed to the chemical structural defects in rGO and GO nanomaterials and the protein adsorption mechanisms as the most plausible cause conferring distinctive properties to PCL/GBN membranes for the promotion of astrocytic differentiation. Overall, our systematic comparative study provides generalizable conclusions and new evidences to discern the role of GBNs features for future research on 3D PCL/graphene composite hollow fiber membranes for in vitro neural models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Mantecón-Oria
- Departamento de Ingenierias Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Spain.,Instituto Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Olga Tapia
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Instituto Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - María T Berciano
- Instituto Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Jose M Munuera
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, C/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Silvia Villar-Rodil
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, C/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan I Paredes
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, C/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María J Rivero
- Departamento de Ingenierias Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Nazely Diban
- Departamento de Ingenierias Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Spain. .,Instituto Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Departamento de Ingenierias Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Spain.,Instituto Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
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3
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Frangiamone M, Alonso-Garrido M, Font G, Cimbalo A, Manyes L. Pumpkin extract and fermented whey individually and in combination alleviated AFB1- and OTA-induced alterations on neuronal differentiation invitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113011. [PMID: 35447289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food and feed are daily exposed to mycotoxin contamination which effects may be counteracted by functional compounds like carotenoids and fermented whey. Among mycotoxins, the most toxic and studied are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), which neurotoxicity is not well reported. Therefore, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells ongoing differentiation were exposed during 7 days to digested bread extracts contained pumpkin and fermented whey, individually and in combination, along with AFB1 and OTA and their combination, in order to evaluate their presumed effects on neuronal differentiation. The immunofluorescence analysis of βIII-tubulin and dopamine markers pointed to OTA as the most damaging treatment for cell differentiation. Cell cycle analysis reported the highest significant differences for OTA-contained bread compared to the control in phase G0/G1. Lastly, RNA extraction was performed and gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. The selected genes were related to neuronal differentiation and cell cycle. The addition of functional ingredients in breads not only enhancing the expression of neuronal markers, but also induced an overall improvement of gene expression compromised by mycotoxins activity. These data confirm that in vitro neuronal differentiation may be impaired by AFB1 and OTA-exposure, which could be modulated by bioactive compounds naturally found in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Frangiamone
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Manuel Alonso-Garrido
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermina Font
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Alessandra Cimbalo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Lara Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
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4
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PDGF-R inhibition induces glioblastoma cell differentiation via DUSP1/p38 MAPK signalling. Oncogene 2022; 41:2749-2763. [PMID: 35393545 PMCID: PMC9076540 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary brain tumour in adults. Considering that resistance to current therapies leads to limited response in patients, new therapeutic options are urgently needed. In recent years, differentiation therapy has been proposed as an alternative for GBM treatment, with the aim of bringing cancer cells into a post-mitotic/differentiated state, ultimately limiting tumour growth. As an integral component of cancer development and regulation of differentiation processes, kinases are potential targets of differentiation therapies. The present study describes how the screening of a panel of kinase inhibitors (KIs) identified PDGF-Rα/β inhibitor CP-673451 as a potential differentiation agent in GBM. We show that targeting PDGF-Rα/β with CP-673451 in vitro triggers outgrowth of neurite-like processes in GBM cell lines and GBM stem cells (GSCs), suggesting differentiation into neural-like cells, while reducing proliferation and invasion in 3D hyaluronic acid hydrogels. In addition, we report that treatment with CP-673451 improves the anti-tumour effects of temozolomide in vivo using a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. RNA sequencing and follow-up proteomic analysis revealed that upregulation of phosphatase DUSP1 and consecutive downregulation of phosphorylated-p38MAPK can underlie the pro-differentiation effect of CP-673451 on GBM cells. Overall, the present study identifies a potential novel therapeutic option that could benefit GBM patients in the future, through differentiation of residual GSCs post-surgery, with the aim to limit recurrence and improve quality of life.
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5
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Mahmoodi N, Ai J, Hassannejad Z, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Hasanzadeh E, Nekounam H, Vaccaro AR, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Improving motor neuron-like cell differentiation of hEnSCs by the combination of epothilone B loaded PCL microspheres in optimized 3D collagen hydrogel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21722. [PMID: 34741076 PMCID: PMC8571364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord regeneration is limited due to various obstacles and complex pathophysiological events after injury. Combination therapy is one approach that recently garnered attention for spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery. A composite of three-dimensional (3D) collagen hydrogel containing epothilone B (EpoB)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres (2.5 ng/mg, 10 ng/mg, and 40 ng/mg EpoB/PCL) were fabricated and optimized to improve motor neuron (MN) differentiation efficacy of human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs). The microspheres were characterized using liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry (LC-mas/mas) to assess the drug release and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for morphological assessment. hEnSCs were isolated, then characterized by flow cytometry, and seeded on the optimized 3D composite. Based on cell morphology and proliferation, cross-linked collagen hydrogels with and without 2.5 ng/mg EpoB loaded PCL microspheres were selected as the optimized formulations to compare the effect of EpoB release on MN differentiation. After differentiation, the expression of MN markers was estimated by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence (IF). The collagen hydrogel containing the EpoB group had the highest HB9 and ISL-1 expression and the longest neurite elongation. Providing a 3D permissive environment with EpoB, significantly improves MN-like cell differentiation and maturation of hEnSCs and is a promising approach to replace lost neurons after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Mahmoodi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hassannejad
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tissue, Cell and Gene Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Houra Nekounam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander R Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Hearst S, Bednářová A, Draughn B, Johnson K, Mills D, Thomas C, Scales J, Keenan ET, Welcher JV, Krishnan N. Expression of Drosophila Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cultured Cell Lines Alters Neural and Glial Cell Morphology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:610887. [PMID: 34055768 PMCID: PMC8155609 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.610887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc- and calcium- dependent endopeptidases that play pivotal roles in many biological processes. The expression of several MMPs in the central nervous system (CNS) have been shown to change in response to injury and various neurological/neurodegenerative disorders. While extracellular MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate cell surface receptor signaling, the intracellular functions of MMPs or their roles in CNS disorders is unclear. Around 23 different MMPs are found in the human genome with overlapping function, making analysis of the intracellular role of human MMPs a daunting task. However, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster genome encodes only two MMPs: dMMP1 and dMMP2. To better understand the intracellular role of MMPs in the CNS, we expressed Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)- tagged dMMPs in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and C6 glioblastoma cell lines. Lipofection of GFP-dMMPs in SH-SY5Y cells enhanced nuclear rupture and reduced cell viability (coupled with increased apoptosis) as compared to GFP alone. In non-liposomal transfection experiments, dMMP1 localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus whereas dMMP2 had predominantly cytoplasmic localization in both neural and glial cell lines. Cytoplasmic localization demonstrated co-localization of dMMPs with cytoskeleton proteins which suggests a possible role of dMMPs in cell morphology. This was further supported by transient dMMP expression experiments that showed that dMMPs significantly increased neurite formation and length in neuronal cell lines. Inhibition of endogenous MMPs decreased neurite formation, length and βIII Tubulin protein levels in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Further, transient expression experiments showed similar changes in glial cell morphology, wherein dMMP expression increased glial process formation and process length. Interestingly, C6 cells expressing dMMPs had a glia-like appearance, suggesting MMPs may be involved in intracellular glial differentiation. Inhibition or suppression of endogenous MMPs in C6 cells increased process formation, increased process length, modulated GFAP protein expression, and induced distinct glial-like phenotypes. Taken together, our results strongly support the intracellular role that dMMPs can play in apoptosis, cytoskeleton remodeling, and cell differentiation. Our studies further reinforce the use of Drosophila MMPs to dissect out the precise mechanisms whereby they exert their intracellular roles in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scoty Hearst
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, United States
| | - Andrea Bednářová
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Benjamin Draughn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, United States
| | - Kennadi Johnson
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, United States
| | - Desiree Mills
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, United States
| | - Cendonia Thomas
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, United States
| | - Jendaya Scales
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, United States
| | - Eadie T Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Jewellian V Welcher
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
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Wu QL, Xu HL, Xiong C, Lan QH, Fang ML, Cai JH, Li H, Zhu ST, Xu JH, Tao FY, Lu CT, Zhao YZ, Chen B. c(RGDyk)-modified nanoparticles encapsulating quantum dots as a stable fluorescence probe for imaging-guided surgical resection of glioma under the auxiliary UTMD. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 48:143-158. [PMID: 32207347 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1699821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection remains the preferred approach for some patients with glioblastoma (GBM), and eradication of the residual tumour niche after surgical resection is very helpful for prolonging patient survival. However, complete surgical resection of invasive GBM is difficult because of its ambiguous boundary. Herein, a novel targeting material, c(RGDyk)-poloxamer-188, was synthesized by modifying carboxyl-terminated poloxamer-188 with a glioma-targeting cyclopeptide, c(RGDyk). Quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescent probe were encapsulated into the self-assembled c(RGDyk)-poloxamer-188 polymer nanoparticles (NPs) to construct glioma-targeted QDs-c(RGDyk)NP for imaging-guided surgical resection of GBM. QDs-c(RGDyk)NP exhibited a moderate hydrodynamic diameter of 212.4 nm, a negative zeta potential of -10.1 mV and good stability. QDs-c(RGDyk)NP exhibited significantly lower toxicity against PC12 and C6 cells and HUVECs than free QDs. Moreover, in vitro cellular uptake experiments demonstrated that QDs-c(RGDyk)NP specifically targeted C6 cells, making them display strong fluorescence. Combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD), QDs-c(RGDyk)NP specifically accumulated in glioma tissue in orthotropic tumour rats after intravenous administration, evidenced by ex vivo NIR fluorescence imaging of bulk brain and glioma tissue sections. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging with QDs-c(RGDyk)NP guided accurate surgical resection of glioma. Finally, the safety of QDs-c(RGDyk)NP was verified using pathological HE staining. In conclusion, QDs-c(RGDyk)NP may be a potential imaging probe for imaging-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Long Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - He-Lin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cui Xiong
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing-Hua Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Ling Fang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin-Hua Cai
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu-Ting Zhu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Hong Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang-Yi Tao
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cui-Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Mahmoodi N, Ai J, Ebrahimi‐Barough S, Hassannejad Z, Hasanzadeh E, Basiri A, Vaccaro AR, Rahimi‐Movaghar V. Microtubule stabilizer epothilone B as a motor neuron differentiation agent for human endometrial stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1168-1183. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Mahmoodi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina HospitalTehran University of Medical Sciences Hasan‐Abad Square, Imam Khomeini Ave. Tehran 11365‐3876 Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Number 88, Italy Street, Between Ghods Street and Vesal Shirazi Street Tehran 14177‐55469 Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi‐Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Number 88, Italy Street, Between Ghods Street and Vesal Shirazi Street Tehran 14177‐55469 Iran
| | - Zahra Hassannejad
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of ExcellenceTehran University of Medical Sciences No. 62, Dr. Gharibs Street, Keshavarz Boulevard Tehran 1419733151 Iran
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineMazandaran University of Medical Sciences Next to Tooba Medical Building, Khazar Boulevard Sari 48471‐91971 Iran
| | - Arefeh Basiri
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Number 88, Italy Street, Between Ghods Street and Vesal Shirazi Street Tehran 14177‐55469 Iran
| | - Alexander R. Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rothman InstituteThomas Jefferson University 1925 Chestnut Street, 5th Floor Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19107 USA
| | - Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina HospitalTehran University of Medical Sciences Hasan‐Abad Square, Imam Khomeini Ave. Tehran 11365‐3876 Iran
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9
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Anti-stress, Glial- and Neuro-differentiation Potential of Resveratrol: Characterization by Cellular, Biochemical and Imaging Assays. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030671. [PMID: 32121454 PMCID: PMC7146125 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress, exhaustive industrialization and the use of chemicals in our daily lives contribute to increasing incidence of cancer and other pathologies. Although the cancer treatment has revolutionized in last 2–3 decades, shortcomings such as (i) extremely high cost of treatment, (ii) poor availability of drugs, (iii) severe side effects and (iv) emergence of drug resistance have prioritized the need of developing alternate natural, economic and welfare (NEW) therapeutics reagents. Identification and characterization of such anti-stress NEW drugs that not only limit the growth of cancer cells but also reprogram them to perform their specific functions are highly desired. We recruited rat glioma- and human neuroblastoma-based assays to explore such activities of resveratrol, a naturally occurring stilbenoid. We demonstrate that nontoxic doses of resveratrol protect cells against a variety of stresses that are largely involved in age-related brain pathologies. These included oxidative, DNA damage, metal toxicity, heat, hypoxia, and protein aggregation stresses. Furthermore, it caused differentiation of cells to functional astrocytes and neurons as characterized by the upregulation of their specific protein markers. These findings endorse multiple bioactivities of resveratrol and encourage them to be tested for their benefits in animal models and humans.
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10
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Hypothesis: Could Hepatitis B vaccine act as an immune adjuvant in glioblastoma? Clues to conduct further epidemiological analyses. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 81:106038. [PMID: 31757678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A failure of neurodevelopmental differentiation at the level of oligodendroglial-astrocytic biprogenitors (O2A) is shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of both multiple sclerosis (MS) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In this review article, we suggest that certain antigens of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and HBV-Vaccine (HBV-V) could act as immune stimulants in GBM treatment based on several lines of evidence. HBV-Vs may cause rare but prominent neuroimmune side effects including demyelination and multiple sclerosis, which may be associated with HBV-proteins creating antigenic mimicry of oligodendroglial progenitors. The combined prevalance of HBV and Hepatitis C Virus-carrier state is less in patients with brain tumors compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, within the population of patients with brain tumors, the prevalence is even about two times lesser in GBM in comparison to those with a diagnosis of meningioma. Although indirectly, this epidemiological data may indicate that the immune response triggered against hepadnavirus antigens would eliminate aberrantly differentiating O2A progenitor cells giving rise to GBMs. Moreover, Hepatitis B surface antigen-antibody variable domain is among the top 100 differentially expressed transcripts in fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embeded specimens obtained from pediatric GBM tissues in comparison to the control brain tissues. However, the provided evidence is still premature and we think that HBV-V warrants investigation first by epidemiological studies and then by animal experiments to determine whether it reduces the risk of GBM and whether it could slow GBM growth via immune stimulation.
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Vallejo R, Platt DC, Rink JA, Jones MA, Kelley CA, Gupta A, Cass CL, Eichenberg K, Vallejo A, Smith WJ, Benyamin R, Cedeño DL. Electrical Stimulation of C6 Glia-Precursor Cells In Vitro Differentially Modulates Gene Expression Related to Chronic Pain Pathways. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110303. [PMID: 31683631 PMCID: PMC6896182 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells comprise the majority of cells in the central nervous system and exhibit diverse functions including the development of persistent neuropathic pain. While earlier theories have proposed that the applied electric field specifically affects neurons, it has been demonstrated that electrical stimulation (ES) of neural tissue modulates gene expression of the glial cells. This study examines the effect of ES on the expression of eight genes related to oxidative stress and neuroprotection in cultured rodent glioma cells. Concentric bipolar electrodes under seven different ES types were used to stimulate cells for 30 min in the presence and absence of extracellular glutamate. ES consisted of rectangular pulses at 50 Hz in varying proportions of anodic and cathodic phases. Real-time reverse-transcribed quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine gene expression using the ∆∆Cq method. The results demonstrate that glutamate has a significant effect on gene expression in both stimulated and non-stimulated groups. Furthermore, stimulation parameters have differential effects on gene expression, both in the presence and absence of glutamate. ES has an effect on glial cell gene expression that is dependent on waveform composition. Optimization of ES therapy for chronic pain applications can be enhanced by this understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Vallejo
- Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, IL 61704, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61701, USA.
| | - David C Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Rink
- Department of Biology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61701, USA.
| | - Marjorie A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Courtney A Kelley
- Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, IL 61704, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61701, USA.
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, IL 61704, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61701, USA.
- South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute, Laredo, TX 78045, USA.
| | - Cynthia L Cass
- Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, IL 61704, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61701, USA.
| | - Kirk Eichenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | | | - William J Smith
- Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, IL 61704, USA.
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Ramsin Benyamin
- Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, IL 61704, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61701, USA.
- College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign-Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - David L Cedeño
- Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, IL 61704, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61701, USA.
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12
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Identification of cytotoxic markers in methamphetamine treated rat C6 astroglia-like cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9412. [PMID: 31253835 PMCID: PMC6599005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a powerfully addictive psychostimulant that has a pronounced effect on the central nervous system (CNS). The present study aimed to assess METH toxicity in differentiated C6 astroglia-like cells through biochemical and toxicity markers with acute (1 h) and chronic (48 h) treatments. In the absence of external stimulants, cellular differentiation of neuronal morphology was achieved through reduced serum (2.5%) in the medium. The cells displayed branched neurite-like processes with extensive intercellular connections. Results indicated that acute METH treatment neither altered the cell morphology nor killed the cells, which echoed with lack of consequence on reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) or inhibition of any cell cycle phases except induction of cytoplasmic vacuoles. On the other hand, chronic treatment at 1 mM or above destroyed the neurite-like processors and decreased the cell viability that paralleled with increased levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation and lactate, depletion in glutathione (GSH) level and inhibition at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, leading to apoptosis. Pre-treatment of cells with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 2.5 mM for 1 h) followed by METH co-treatment for 48 h rescued the cells completely from toxicity by decreasing ROS through increased GSH. Our results provide evidence that increased ROS and GSH depletion underlie the cytotoxic effects of METH in the cells. Since loss in neurite connections and intracellular changes can lead to psychiatric illnesses in drug users, the evidence that we show in our study suggests that these are also contributing factors for psychiatric-illnesses in METH addicts.
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The Cytoskeleton-A Complex Interacting Meshwork. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040362. [PMID: 31003495 PMCID: PMC6523135 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton of animal cells is one of the most complicated and functionally versatile structures, involved in processes such as endocytosis, cell division, intra-cellular transport, motility, force transmission, reaction to external forces, adhesion and preservation, and adaptation of cell shape. These functions are mediated by three classical cytoskeletal filament types, as follows: Actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. The named filaments form a network that is highly structured and dynamic, responding to external and internal cues with a quick reorganization that is orchestrated on the time scale of minutes and has to be tightly regulated. Especially in brain tumors, the cytoskeleton plays an important role in spreading and migration of tumor cells. As the cytoskeletal organization and regulation is complex and many-faceted, this review aims to summarize the findings about cytoskeletal filament types, including substructures formed by them, such as lamellipodia, stress fibers, and interactions between intermediate filaments, microtubules and actin. Additionally, crucial regulatory aspects of the cytoskeletal filaments and the formed substructures are discussed and integrated into the concepts of cell motility. Even though little is known about the impact of cytoskeletal alterations on the progress of glioma, a final point discussed will be the impact of established cytoskeletal alterations in the cellular behavior and invasion of glioma.
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Fratantonio D, Molonia MS, Bashllari R, Muscarà C, Ferlazzo G, Costa G, Saija A, Cimino F, Speciale A. Curcumin potentiates the antitumor activity of Paclitaxel in rat glioma C6 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:23-30. [PMID: 30668434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary cancer in central nervous system, especially in brain. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a microtubule stabilizing agent with anticancer potential, but its clinical application to brain tumours is limited by drug resistance, side effects, and lower brain penetration. PURPOSE Herein we explored the in vitro effects, in glioma C6 cells, of the combination of PTX with curcumin, a natural compound with chemotherapeutic activity, in order to improve cytotoxic effects and overcome PTX limitations. RESULTS Our data confirmed PTX antiproliferative activity that was improved by curcumin. These effects were confirmed by clonogenic assay and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. PTX significantly promoted generation of intracellular reactive species (RS), while curcumin did not affect RS production; the combination of the two drugs resulted in a slight but significant increase in RS levels. Furthermore, we found a constitutive activation of NF-κB in C6 cell line that was inhibited by PTX and curcumin. Interestingly, combination of the drugs totally inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation and reduced IκB phosphorylation. Our results also supported the involvement of p53-p21 axis in the anticancer effects of curcumin and PTX. The combination of the two drugs further increased p53 and p21 levels enhancing the antiproliferative effects. Furthermore, PTX plus curcumin most impressively activated caspase-3, effector of apoptosis pathways, and reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that combination of PTX and curcumin exerts a potentiated anti-glioma efficacy in vitro that may help in reducing dosage and/or minimizing side effects of cytotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Romina Bashllari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. of Human Pathology, Center of Research Cell Factory UniMe, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Gregorio Costa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. of Human Pathology, Center of Research Cell Factory UniMe, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Mijatović S, Bramanti A, Nicoletti F, Fagone P, Kaluđerović GN, Maksimović-Ivanić D. Naturally occurring compounds in differentiation based therapy of cancer. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1622-1632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tovilovic-Kovacevic G, Krstic-Milosevic D, Vinterhalter B, Toljic M, Perovic V, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L, Zogovic N. Xanthone-rich extract from Gentiana dinarica transformed roots and its active component norswertianin induce autophagy and ROS-dependent differentiation of human glioblastoma cell line. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 47:151-160. [PMID: 30166100 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GMB) is the most malignant of all brain tumors with poor prognosis. Anticancer potential of xanthones, bioactive compounds found in Gentiana dinarica, is well-documented. Transformation of G. dinarica roots with Agrobacterium rhizogenes provides higher xanthones accumulation, which enables better exploitation of these anticancer compounds. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate antiglioma effect of three different G. dinarica extracts: E1-derived from untransformed roots, E2-derived from roots transformed using A. rhizogenes strain A4M70GUS, and E3-derived from roots transformed using A. rhizogenes strain 15834/PI. Further, mechanisms involved in anticancer potential of the most potent extract were examined in detail, and its active component was determined. METHODS The cell viability was assessed using MTT and crystal violet test. Cell cycle analysis, the expression of differentiation markers, the levels of autophagy, and oxidative stress were analyzed by flow cytometry. Autophagy and related signaling pathways were assessed by immunoblotting. RESULTS E3, in contrast to E1 and E2, strongly reduced growth of U251 human glioblastoma cells, triggered cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, changed cellular morphology, and increased expression of markers of differentiated astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and neurons (β-tubulin). E3 stimulated autophagy, as demonstrated by enhanced intracellular acidification, increased microtubule-associated light chain 3B (LC3-I) conversion to autophagosome associated LC3-II, and decreased level of selective autophagy target p62. Induction of autophagy was associated with Akt-dependent inhibition of main autophagy suppressor mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of autophagy suppressed the expression of differentiation markers, but had no effect on cell cycle arrest in E3-treated cells. E3 stimulated oxidative stress, and antioxidants vitamin E and N-acetyl cysteine inhibited autophagy and differentiation of E3-treated U251 cells. The most prevalent compound of E3, xanthone aglycone norswertianin, also arrested glioblastoma cell proliferation in G2/M phase and induced glioblastoma cell differentiation through induction of autophagy and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION These results indicate that E3 and its main active component norswertianin may serve as a potential candidate for differentiation therapy of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Tovilovic-Kovacevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dijana Krstic-Milosevic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vinterhalter
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mina Toljic
- Genetic Laboratory Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic "Narodni Front", Street Kraljice Natalije 62, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Perovic
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotic Street 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotic Street 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nevena Zogovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Shukla A, Trivedi SP. An in vitro analysis of the rat C6 glioma cells to elucidate the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate induced oxidative stress and consequent G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:443-451. [PMID: 29705635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Linear alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) is the anionic surfactant component of globally consumed detergents. Exposure of sub-inhibitory fractions viz., 1/10th (T1), 1/5th (T2), and 1/2.5th (T3) of IC50 for 48 h, of LAS (5 μM, 10 μM, and 20 μM, respectively) to viable C6 glioma cells of rat, besides imparting morphological alterations leads to gross cytotoxicity. Expression of the damaged DNA coupled with cleaved PARP (p < 0.05; p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) were recorded for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Subsequently, the cell cycle at G2/M check point was significantly arrested (p < 0.05 for T1 and T2; p < 0.01 for T3). The flow cytometric analysis reveals the initiation of apoptosis in C6 cells as is evident by a significant increase (p < 0.01 for T1, p < 0.001 for T2, and T3) in the intake of annexin-V, the calcium dependent apoptotic phospholipid binding protein. Moreover, significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.05; p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) after 6 h of exposure for all the three sets, registered a declining trend (P < 0.001) when T3 cells were co-treated with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Furthermore, the significant attenuation (p < 0.01) of expression of the cleaved PARP and a consequent decrease (p < 0.05) in the cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase after scavenging ROS induced oxidative stress by treating C6 cells with NAC clearly evinces that LAS induced apoptosis is mediated by intracellular ROS. Thus, these findings provide a tangible basis for further investigations including in vivo studies, to unravel the molecular mechanism involved in ROS mediated and LAS induced cytotoxic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Shukla
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Sunil P Trivedi
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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Hsu CY, Lecland N, Pendaries V, Viodé C, Redoulès D, Paul C, Merdes A, Simon M, Bierkamp C. Stabilization of microtubules restores barrier function after cytokine-induced defects in reconstructed human epidermis. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:87-96. [PMID: 29691121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of human skin disorders is characterized by defects in the epidermal barrier, leading to dehydration, itchiness, and rashes. Previously published literature suggests that microtubule stabilization at the cortex of differentiating keratinocytes is necessary for the formation of the epidermal barrier. OBJECTIVES We tested whether stabilization of microtubules with paclitaxel or epothilone B can repair barrier defects that were experimentally induced in three-dimensional culture models of epidermis. METHODS We established two models of defective epidermis in vitro, using three-dimensional cultures of primary human keratinocytes on filter supports: immature reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), and RHE that was compromised by treatment with inflammatory cytokines, the latter mimicking defects seen in atopic dermatitis. RESULTS Both paclitaxel and epothilone B promoted keratinocyte differentiation, accumulation of junctional proteins at the cell cortex, and the early appearance of lamellar bodies in immature RHE, whereas destabilization of microtubules by nocodazole had the reverse effect. Moreover, stabilization of microtubules rescued the barrier after cytokine treatment. The rescued barrier function correlated with the restoration of filaggrin and loricrin protein levels, the cortical accumulation of junctional proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin, and claudin-1), and with the secretion of lamellar bodies. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the microtubule network is important for the formation of the epidermis, and that stabilization of microtubules promotes barrier formation. Microtubule stabilization may support regeneration of damaged skin, by restoring or improving the barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Yueh Hsu
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Lecland
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Pendaries
- INSERM-Université Paul Sabatier U1056, UDEAR, CHU Purpan, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Viodé
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Redoulès
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Carle Paul
- INSERM-Université Paul Sabatier U1056, UDEAR, CHU Purpan, 31059, Toulouse, France; Dermatologie, Hôpital Larrey, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Andreas Merdes
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France.
| | - Michel Simon
- INSERM-Université Paul Sabatier U1056, UDEAR, CHU Purpan, 31059, Toulouse, France.
| | - Christiane Bierkamp
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France.
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Ferrucci M, Biagioni F, Lenzi P, Gambardella S, Ferese R, Calierno MT, Falleni A, Grimaldi A, Frati A, Esposito V, Limatola C, Fornai F. Rapamycin promotes differentiation increasing βIII-tubulin, NeuN, and NeuroD while suppressing nestin expression in glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29574-29599. [PMID: 28418837 PMCID: PMC5444688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma cells feature mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) up-regulation which relates to a variety of effects such as: lower survival, higher infiltration, high stemness and radio- and chemo-resistance. Recently, it was demonstrated that mTOR may produce a gene shift leading to altered protein expression. Therefore, in the present study we administered different doses of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin to explore whether the transcription of specific genes are modified. By using a variety of methods we demonstrate that rapamycin stimulates gene transcription related to neuronal differentiation while inhibiting stemness related genes such as nestin. In these experimental conditions, cell phenotype shifts towards a pyramidal neuron-like shape owing long branches. Rapamycin suppressed cell migration when exposed to fetal bovine serum (FBS) while increasing the cell adhesion protein phospho-FAK (pFAK). The present study improves our awareness of basic mechanisms which relate mTOR activity to the biology of glioblastoma cells. These findings apply to a variety of effects which can be induced by mTOR regulation in the brain. In fact, the ability to promote neuronal differentiation might be viewed as a novel therapeutic pathway to approach neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Human Anatomy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Human Anatomy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gambardella
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Rosangela Ferese
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Calierno
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Falleni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfonso Grimaldi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Human Anatomy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
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The inhibiting effect of neural stem cells on proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76949-76960. [PMID: 29100360 PMCID: PMC5652754 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasive and infiltrative nature of tumor cells leads to the poor prognosis of glioma. Currently, novel therapeutic means to eliminate the tumor cells without damaging the normal brain tissue are still strongly demanded. Significant attentions had been paid to stem cell-based therapy and neural stem cell (NSC) had been considered as one of the efficient delivery vehicles for targeting therapeutic genes. However, whether the NSCs could directly affect glioma cells remains to be seen. In this study, both rat and human glioma cells (C6 and U251) were co-cultured with normal rat embryonic NSCs directly or in-directly. We found the survival, proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells were significantly inhibited, while the differentiation was not affected in the in vitro co-culture system. In nude mice, although no significant difference was observed in the tumor growth, survival status and time of tumor-bearing mice were significantly promoted when U251 cells were subcutaneously injected with NSCs. In coincidence with the suppression of glioma cell growth in vitro, expression of mutant p53 and phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2 decreased while the level of caspase-3 increased significantly. Our results suggested that normal NSCs could possess direct anti-glioma properties via inhibiting the glioma cell viability, proliferation, invasion and migration. It could be a very promising candidate for glioma treatment.
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Li J, Qu J, Shi Y, Perfetto M, Ping Z, Christian L, Niu H, Mei S, Zhang Q, Yang X, Wei S. Nicotinic acid inhibits glioma invasion by facilitating Snail1 degradation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43173. [PMID: 28256591 PMCID: PMC5335718 DOI: 10.1038/srep43173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is a formidable disease that commonly leads to death, mainly due to the invasion of tumor cells into neighboring tissues. Therefore, inhibition of tumor cell invasion may provide an effective therapy for malignant glioma. Here we report that nicotinic acid (NA), an essential vitamin, inhibits glioma cell invasion in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of the U251 glioma cells with NA in vitro results in reduced invasion, which is accompanied by a loss of mesenchymal phenotype and an increase in cell-cell adhesion. At the molecular level, transcription of the adherens junction protein E-cadherin is upregulated, leading to accumulation of E-cadherin protein at the cell-cell boundary. This can be attributed to NA's ability to facilitate the ubiquitination and degradation of Snail1, a transcription factor that represses E-cadherin expression. Similarly, NA transiently inhibits neural crest migration in Xenopus embryos in a Snail1-dependent manner, indicating that the mechanism of action for NA in cell migration is evolutionarily conserved. We further show that NA injection blocks the infiltration of tumor cells into the adjacent brain tissues and improves animal survival in a rat model of glioma. These results suggest that NA treatment may be developed into a potential therapy for malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China.,Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Jiagui Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Mark Perfetto
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Zhuxian Ping
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Laura Christian
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Hua Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shuting Mei
- Department of Gerontology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xiangcai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
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22
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Xu Z, Chu X, Jiang H, Schilling H, Chen S, Feng J. Induced dopaminergic neurons: A new promise for Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2017; 11:606-612. [PMID: 28110217 PMCID: PMC5256671 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor symptoms that define Parkinson’s disease (PD) are caused by the selective loss of nigral dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Cell replacement therapy for PD has been focused on midbrain DA neurons derived from human fetal mesencephalic tissue, human embryonic stem cells (hESC) or human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Recent development in the direct conversion of human fibroblasts to induced dopaminergic (iDA) neurons offers new opportunities for transplantation study and disease modeling in PD. The iDA neurons are generated directly from human fibroblasts in a short period of time, bypassing lengthy differentiation process from human pluripotent stem cells and the concern for potentially tumorigenic mitotic cells. They exhibit functional dopaminergic neurotransmission and relieve locomotor symptoms in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. In this review, we will discuss this recent development and its implications to Parkinson’s disease research and therapy. Fibroblasts can be directly converted to induced dopaminergic neurons by transcription factors. Many different types of cells can be converted to induced neurons in vitro and in vivo. Appropriate cell culture conditions enhance the direct conversion to induced neurons. The conversion to induced neurons is enhanced by G1 arrest and p53 attenuation. iDA neurons is a promising tool for PD research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xu
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xingkun Chu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Houbo Jiang
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Haley Schilling
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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23
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Shimizu M, Tanaka M, Atomi Y. Small Heat Shock Protein αB-Crystallin Controls Shape and Adhesion of Glioma and Myoblast Cells in the Absence of Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168136. [PMID: 27977738 PMCID: PMC5158045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell shape and adhesion and their proper controls are fundamental for all biological systems. Mesenchymal cells migrate at an average rate of 6 to 60 μm/hr, depending on the extracellular matrix environment and cell signaling. Myotubes, fully differentiated muscle cells, are specialized for power-generation and therefore lose motility. Cell spreading and stabilities of focal adhesion are regulated by the critical protein vinculin from immature myoblast to mature costamere of differentiated myotubes where myofibril Z-band linked to sarcolemma. The Z-band is constituted from microtubules, intermediate filaments, cell adhesion molecules and other adapter proteins that communicate with the outer environment. Mesenchymal cells, including myoblast cells, convert actomyosin contraction forces to tension through mechano-responsive adhesion assembly complexes as Z-band equivalents. There is growing evidence that microtubule dynamics are involved in the generation of contractile forces; however, the roles of microtubules in cell adhesion dynamics are not well determined. Here, we show for the first time that αB-crystallin, a molecular chaperon for tubulin/microtubules, is involved in cell shape determination. Moreover, knockdown of this molecule caused myoblasts and glioma cells to lose their ability for adhesion as they tended to behave like migratory cells. Surprisingly, αB-crystallin knockdown in both C6 glial cells and L6 myoblast permitted cells to migrate more rapidly (2.7 times faster for C6 and 1.3 times faster for L6 cells) than dermal fibroblast. On the other hand, overexpression of αB-crystallin in cells led to an immortal phenotype because of persistent adhesion. Position of matured focal adhesion as visualized by vinculin immuno-staining, stress fiber direction, length, and density were clearly αB-crystallin dependent. These results indicate that the small HSP αB-crystallin has important roles for cell adhesion, and thus microtubule dynamics are necessary for persistent adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shimizu
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikihito Tanaka
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoriko Atomi
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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24
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Chao CC, Kan D, Lo TH, Lu KS, Chien CL. Induction of neural differentiation in rat C6 glioma cells with taxol. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00414. [PMID: 26665000 PMCID: PMC4667627 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is a common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor. Several anticancer drugs affect GBM (glioblastoma multiforme) cells on cell growth and morphology. Taxol is one of the widely used antineoplastic drugs against many types of solid tumors, such as breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. However, the effect of taxol on GBM cells remains unclear and requires further investigation. METHODS Survival rate of C6 glioma cells under different taxol concentrations was quantified. To clarify the differentiation patterns of rat C6 glioma cells under taxol challenge, survived glioma cells were characterized by immunocytochemical, molecular biological, and cell biological approaches. RESULTS After taxol treatment, not only cell death but also morphological changes, including cell elongation, cellular processes thinning, irregular shapes, and fragmented nucleation or micronuclei, occurred in the survived C6 cells. Neural differentiation markers NFL (for neurons), β III-tubulin (for neurons), GFAP (for astrocytes), and CNPase (for oligodendrocytes) were detected in the taxol-treated C6 cells. Quantitative analysis suggested a significant increase in the percentage of neural differentiated cells. The results exhibited that taxol may trigger neural differentiation in C6 glioma cells. Increased expression of neural differentiation markers in C6 cells after taxol treatment suggest that some anticancer drugs could be applied to elimination of the malignant cancer cells as well as changing proliferation and differentiation status of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chuan Chao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Daphne Kan
- Center of Genomic Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ta-Hsuan Lo
- Center of Genomic Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Chien
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan; Center of Genomic Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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