1
|
Jun S, Park H, Kim UJ, Lee HA, Park B, Lee SY, Jee SH, Park H. The Combined Effects of Alcohol Consumption and Smoking on Cancer Risk by Exposure Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e185. [PMID: 38859742 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for cancer, and when combined with smoking, the risk increases. Nevertheless, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the combined effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on the risk of various cancer types. Therefore, to assess these effects, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We performed a systematic search of five literature databases, focusing on cohort and case-control studies. Considering exposure levels, we quantified the combined effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on cancer risk and assessed multiplicative interaction effects. RESULTS Of 4,452 studies identified, 24 (4 cohort studies and 20 case-control studies) were included in the meta-analysis. We detected interaction effect of light alcohol and moderate smoking on head and neck cancer risk (relative risk [RR], 4.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.50-7.26; I² = 65%). A synergistic interaction was observed in heavy alcohol and heavy smoking group (RR, 35.24; 95% CI, 23.17-53.58; I² = 69%). In more detailed cancer types, the interaction effect of heavy alcohol and heavy smoking was noticeable on oral (RR, 36.42; 95% CI, 24.62-53.87; I² = 46%) and laryngeal (RR, 38.75; 95% CI, 19.25-78.01; I² = 69%) cancer risk. CONCLUSION Our study provided a comprehensive summary of the combined effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on cancers. As their consumption increased, the synergy effect became more pronounced, and the synergy effect was evident especially for head and neck cancer. These findings provide additional evidence for the combined effect of alcohol and smoking in alcohol guidelines for cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Jun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui-Jeong Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bomi Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Konishi H, Urabe Y, Nakamura T, Ishibashi K, Mizuno J, Fukuhara M, Takasago T, Tanaka H, Tsuboi A, Yamashita K, Hiyama Y, Takigawa H, Kotachi T, Yuge R, Ishikawa A, Oka S. Long-term prognosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection for esophageal cancer in older adult patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:164. [PMID: 38745162 PMCID: PMC11091999 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The validity of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in older individuals with comorbidities remains unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ESD and additional treatment for ESCC in older adult patients. METHODS The clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes of 398 consecutive older adult patients (≥ 65 years) with 505 lesions who underwent ESD for ESCC at the Hiroshima University Hospital between September 2007 and December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Additionally, the prognoses of 381 patients who were followed up for > 3 years were assessed. RESULTS The mean patient age and procedure time were 73.1 ± 5.8 years and 77.1 ± 43.5 min, respectively. The histological en bloc resection rate was 98% (496/505). Postoperative stenosis, perforation, pneumonia, and delayed bleeding were conservatively treated in 82 (16%), 19 (4%), 15 (3%), and 5 (1%) patients, respectively. The 5-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were 78.9% and 98.0%, respectively (mean follow-up time: 71.1 ± 37.3 months). Multivariate analysis showed that age and the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of physical status class ≥III (hazard ratio: 1.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.59, p = 0.0392) were independently associated with overall survival. A significantly lower overall survival rate was observed in the high-risk follow-up group than in the low-risk follow-up and high-risk additional treatment groups (p < 0.01). However, no significant difference in disease-specific survival was observed among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS ESD is safe for ESCC treatment in patients aged ≥ 65 years. However, additional treatments should be considered based on the patient's general condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirona Konishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Urabe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Takeo Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ishibashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junichi Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Motomitsu Fukuhara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takasago
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ken Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hiyama
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kotachi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryo Yuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shiro Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fukunaga S, Mukasa M, Nakane T, Nakano D, Tsutsumi T, Chou T, Tanaka H, Hayashi D, Minami S, Ohuchi A, Nagata T, Takaki K, Takaki H, Miyajima I, Nouno R, Araki T, Morita T, Torimura T, Okabe Y, Kawaguchi T. Impact of non-obese metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease on risk factors for the recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection: A multicenter study. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:201-212. [PMID: 37796562 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Metabolic dysfunction is a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We investigated the impact of the recently proposed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its subtypes on ESCC recurrence after endoscopic treatment. METHODS This multicenter observational cohort study enrolled consecutive patients newly diagnosed with ESCC after endoscopic treatment. Patients were classified into MAFLD or non-MAFLD groups. The MAFLD group was further classified into non-obese and obese MAFLD groups with a body mass index cutoff value of 25 kg/m2 . The impact of MAFLD on the recurrence of ESCC was evaluated using a decision tree algorithm and random forest analysis. RESULTS A total of 147 patients (average age 69 years; male : female, 127:20; observational period, 2.4 years) were enrolled. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence rates were 2.0%, 21.1%, and 33.7%, respectively. Independent risk factors for the recurrence of ESCC were MAFLD (HR 2.2812; 95% confidence interval 1.0497-4.9571; p = 0.0373), drinking status, and smoking status. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease was identified as the second most important classifier for recurrence, followed by drinking status. The cumulative incidence of ESCC recurrence was higher in the MAFLD group than in the non-MAFLD group. In a subanalysis, the cumulative incidence of recurrence was significantly higher in the non-obese than in the obese MAFLD group among abstainers/non-drinkers. Directed acyclic graphs revealed that MAFLD directly contributes to ESCC recurrence. CONCLUSIONS MAFLD was independently and directly associated with ESCC recurrence after endoscopic treatment; a high recurrence rate was observed in patients with non-obese MAFLD. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease may identify patients at high risk for ESCC recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Fukunaga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Michita Mukasa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Dan Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tsutsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomonori Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Daiki Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shinpei Minami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nagata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshinobu Okabe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Burton R, Fryers PT, Sharpe C, Clarke Z, Henn C, Hydes T, Marsden J, Pearce-Smith N, Sheron N. The independent and joint risks of alcohol consumption, smoking, and excess weight on morbidity and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring synergistic associations. Public Health 2024; 226:39-52. [PMID: 38000113 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol consumption, smoking, and excess weight independently increase the risk of morbidity/mortality. Less is known about how they interact. This research aims to quantify the independent and joint associations of these exposures across health outcomes and identify whether these associations are synergistic. STUDY DESIGN The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was pre-registered (PROSPERO CRD42021231443). METHODS Medline and Embase were searched between 1 January 2010 and 9 February 2022. Eligible peer-reviewed observational studies had to include adult participants from Organisation for Co-Operation and Development countries and report independent and joint associations between at least two eligible exposures (alcohol, smoking, and excess weight) and an ICD-10 outcome (or equivalent). For all estimates, we calculated the synergy index (SI) to identify whether joint associations were synergistic. Meta-analyses were conducted for outcomes with sufficiently homogenous data. RESULTS The search returned 26,290 studies, of which 98 were included. Based on 138,130 participants, the combined effect (SI) of alcohol and smoking on head and neck cancer death/disease was 3.78 times greater than the additive effect of each exposure (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.61, 5.48). Based on 2,603,939 participants, the combined effect of alcohol and excess weight on liver disease/death was 1.55 times greater than the additive effect of each exposure (95% CI = 1.33, 1.82). CONCLUSION Synergistic associations suggest the true population-level risk may be underestimated. In the absence of bias, individuals with multiple risks would experience a greater absolute risk reduction from an intervention that targets a single exposure than individuals with a single risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Burton
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, England, United Kingdom.
| | - P T Fryers
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom
| | - C Sharpe
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Z Clarke
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom
| | - C Henn
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom
| | - T Hydes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University Hospital Aintree NHS Foundation Trust, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
| | - J Marsden
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - N Pearce-Smith
- Knowledge and Library Services, UK Health Security Agency, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - N Sheron
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, England, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Parra-Soto S, Duran-Aguero S, Vargas-Silva F, Vázquez-Morales K, Pizarro-Mena R. Social Outbreak in Chile, and Its Association with the Effects Biological, Psychological, Social, and Quality of Life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7096. [PMID: 38063526 PMCID: PMC10706229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has defined collective violence as the instrumental use of violence by people who identify themselves as members of a group against other individuals and have political, economic, or social objectives. In Chile, the "Social Outbreak" was used to describe an episode of collective violence, which began on October 18, 2019, triggered by a multitude of socioeconomic and political factors, with protests and mobilizations in the country's large and small cities; in central, commercial, and residential areas, that lasted for several months, affecting a large part of the population. The objective of the present study was to associate the social outbreak in Chile with its biological, psychological, and social effects on people's health and quality of life, as well as its characteristics in terms of exposure, proximity, type, and frequency. This was a cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic national-level sampling, conducted from 28 November 2019, to 3 March 2020. The instrument had four sections. A total of 2651 participants answered the survey; 70.8% were female, and the mean age was 35.2. The main disturbances perceived were protests (70.9%), alarm sounds (68.1%), shooting sounds (59.0%), and tear gas bombs (56.9%). When quantifying the magnitude of these associations, people who had a medium exposure have a higher probability (OR: 1.99, CI: 1.58; 2.50) of suffering three or more biological effects than people that have a low exposure, while people with higher exposition have a 4.09 times higher probability (CI: 3.11; 5.38). A similar pattern was observed regarding psychological effects, although social effects were primarily experienced by those with high exposure. Social networks, TV, and radio were the most used media among people who perceived a greater effect. People who lived, worked, or shopped near the disturbance's areas show a higher proportion negative effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solange Parra-Soto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile;
- School Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Samuel Duran-Aguero
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
| | - Francisco Vargas-Silva
- Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (F.V.-S.); (K.V.-M.)
| | - Katherine Vázquez-Morales
- Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (F.V.-S.); (K.V.-M.)
| | - Rafael Pizarro-Mena
- Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (F.V.-S.); (K.V.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burton R, Sharpe C, Sheron N, Henn C, Knight S, Wright VM, Cook M. The prevalence and clustering of alcohol consumption, gambling, smoking, and excess weight in an English adult population. Prev Med 2023; 175:107683. [PMID: 37633599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and clustering of four health risks (increasing-/higher-risk drinking, current smoking, overweight/obesity, and at-risk gambling), and to examine variation across sociodemographic groups in the English adult population. METHODS We analysed data from the 2012, 2015, 2016, and 2018 Health Survey for England (n = 20,698). Prevalence odds ratios (POR) were calculated to examine the clustering of risks. We undertook a multinomial multilevel regression model to examine sociodemographic variation in the clustering of health risks. RESULTS Overall, 23.8% of the adult English population had two or more co-occurring health risks. The most prevalent was increasing-/higher-risk drinking and overweight/obesity (17.2%). Alcohol consumption and smoking were strongly clustered, particularly higher-risk drinking and smoking (POR = 2.68; 95% CI = 2.31, 3.11; prevalence = 1.7%). Higher-risk drinking and at-risk gambling were also clustered (POR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.76, 4.01), albeit with a very low prevalence (0.2%). Prevalence of multiple risks was higher among men for all risk combinations except smoking and obesity. The odds of multiple risks were highest for men and women aged 35-64 years. Unemployed men and women with lower educational qualifications had a higher odds of multiple risks. The relationship between deprivation and multiple risks depended on the definition of multiple risks, with the clearest socioeconomic gradients seen for the highest risk health behaviours. CONCLUSION An understanding of the prevalence, clustering, and risk factors for multiple health risks can help inform effective prevention and treatment approaches and may support the design and use of multiple behaviour change interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Burton
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Casey Sharpe
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Sheron
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Henn
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandy Knight
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Musto Wright
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cook
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Simba H, Kuivaniemi H, Abnet CC, Tromp G, Sewram V. Environmental and life-style risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1782. [PMID: 37710248 PMCID: PMC10500769 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The African Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) corridor, which spans from Ethiopia down to South Africa, is an esophageal cancer hotspot. Disproportionately high incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer have been reported from this region. The aim of this study was to systematically assess the evidence on environmental and life-style risk factors associated with ESCC in African populations. METHODS We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and carried out a comprehensive search of all African published studies up to March 2023 using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and African Index Medicus databases. RESULTS We identified 45 studies with measures of association [odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI)], which reported on several environmental and lifestyle risk factors for ESCC in Africa. We performed a meta-analysis on 38 studies investigating tobacco, alcohol use, combined tobacco and alcohol use, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure, hot food and beverages consumption (which served as a proxy for esophageal injury through exposure to high temperature), and poor oral health. We found significant associations between all the risk factors and ESCC development. Analysis of fruit and vegetable consumption showed a protective effect. Using population attributable fraction (PAF) analysis, we calculated the proportion of ESCC attributable to tobacco (18%), alcohol use (12%), combined tobacco and alcohol use (18%), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure (12%), hot food and beverages intake (16%), poor oral health (37%), and fruit and vegetable consumption (-12%). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption were the most studied risk factors overall. Areas where there is an emerging body of evidence include hot food and beverages and oral health. Concurrently, new avenues of research are also emerging in PAH exposure, and diet as risk factors. Our results point to a multifactorial etiology of ESCC in African populations with further evidence on prevention potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Simba
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
- African Cancer Institute, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Gerard Tromp
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Vikash Sewram
- African Cancer Institute, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Floud S, Hermon C, Simpson RF, Reeves GK. Alcohol consumption and cancer incidence in women: interaction with smoking, body mass index and menopausal hormone therapy. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:758. [PMID: 37587405 PMCID: PMC10428611 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption has been associated with increased risks of certain site-specific cancers and decreased risks of some other cancers. There is, however, little reliable evidence as to whether the alcohol-associated risks for specific cancers are modified by smoking, body mass index (BMI) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use. METHODS In the prospective UK Million Women Study, 1,233,177 postmenopausal women without prior cancer, mean age 56 (SD 5) years, reported their alcohol consumption in median year 1998 (IQR 1998-1999), and were followed by record-linkage for incident cancer. 438,056 women who drank no alcohol or < 1 drink/week were excluded. Cox regression yielded adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 21 cancers by alcohol amount; statistical significance of interactions with smoking, BMI and MHT use was assessed after allowing for multiple testing. RESULTS In 795,121 participants, mean consumption was 6.7 (SD 6.4) alcoholic drinks/week. During 17 (SD 5) years of follow-up, 140,203 incident cancers were recorded. There was strong evidence for a substantial association between alcohol intake and risk of upper aero-digestive cancers (oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, oral cavity, pharynx and larynx; RR per 1 drink/day = 1.38 [95% CI 1.31-1.46]). There was also strong evidence for more moderate positive associations with breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer (RRs per 1 drink/day = 1.12 [1.10-1.14], 1.10 [1.07-1.13], 1.08 [1.02-1.13] respectively), and moderate negative associations with thyroid cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma (RRs per 1 drink/day = 0.79 [0.70-0.89], 0.91 [0.86-0.95], 0.88 [0.83-0.94], 0.90 [0.84-0.97] respectively). Significant interactions between alcohol and smoking were seen for upper aero-digestive cancers (RRs per 1 drink/day = 1.66 [1.54-1.79], 1.23 [1.11-1.36], 1.12 [1.01-1.25] in current, past, and never smokers respectively). BMI and MHT did not significantly modify any alcohol-associated risks. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide robust evidence that greater alcohol intake, even within relatively moderate ranges, increases the risk of cancers of the aerodigestive tract, breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer, and probably decreases the risk of thyroid cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma. Associations of alcohol intake with cancer risk were not modified by MHT use, adiposity or smoking, except in the case of upper aero-digestive cancers, where the alcohol-associated risk was largely confined to smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Floud
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Carol Hermon
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Gillian K Reeves
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xi S, Oyetunji S, Wang H, Azoury S, Liu Y, Hsiao SH, Zhang M, Carr SR, Hoang CD, Chen H, Schrump DS. Cigarette Smoke Enhances the Malignant Phenotype of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells by Disrupting a Repressive Regulatory Interaction Between miR-145 and LOXL2. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100014. [PMID: 36870293 PMCID: PMC10121750 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although linked to esophageal carcinogenesis, the mechanisms by which cigarette smoke mediates initiation and progression of esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, immortalized esophageal epithelial cells and EAC cells (EACCs) were cultured with or without cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) under relevant exposure conditions. Endogenous levels of microRNA (miR)-145 and lysyl-likeoxidase 2 (LOXL2) were inversely correlated in EAC lines/tumors compared with that in immortalized cells/normal mucosa. The CSC repressed miR-145 and upregulated LOXL2 in immortalized esophageal epithelial cells and EACCs. Knockdown or constitutive overexpression of miR-145 activated or depleted LOXL2, respectively, which enhanced or reduced proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenicity of EACC, respectively. LOXL2 was identified as a novel target of miR-145 as well as a negative regulator of this miR in EAC lines/Barrett's epithelia. Mechanistically, CSC induced recruitment of SP1 to the LOXL2 promoter; LOXL2 upregulation coincided with LOXL2 enrichment and concomitant reduction of H3K4me3 levels within the promoter of miR143HG (host gene for miR-145). Mithramycin downregulated LOXL2 and restored miR-145 expression in EACC and abrogated LOXL2-mediated repression of miR-145 by CSC. These findings implicate cigarette smoke in the pathogenesis of EAC and demonstrate that oncogenic miR-145-LOXL2 axis dysregulation is potentially druggable for the treatment and possible prevention of these malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sichuan Xi
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shakirat Oyetunji
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Haitao Wang
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Said Azoury
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yi Liu
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shih-Hsin Hsiao
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary Zhang
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shamus R Carr
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chuong D Hoang
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Haobin Chen
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kitagawa Y, Ishihara R, Ishikawa H, Ito Y, Oyama T, Oyama T, Kato K, Kato H, Kawakubo H, Kawachi H, Kuribayashi S, Kono K, Kojima T, Takeuchi H, Tsushima T, Toh Y, Nemoto K, Booka E, Makino T, Matsuda S, Matsubara H, Mano M, Minashi K, Miyazaki T, Muto M, Yamaji T, Yamatsuji T, Yoshida M. Esophageal cancer practice guidelines 2022 edited by the Japan esophageal society: part 1. Esophagus 2023:10.1007/s10388-023-00993-2. [PMID: 36933136 PMCID: PMC10024303 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-023-00993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Ryu Ishihara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Oyama
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Oyama
- Department of Endoscopy, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiko Kuribayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsushima
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Toh
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Nemoto
- Department of Radiology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Eisuke Booka
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mano
- Department of Central Laboratory and Surgical Pathology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Minashi
- Clinical Trial Promotion Department, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamatsuji
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yin D, Yin Y, Li S, Li X, Chen Y. Dietary habits, nutrition and esophageal cancer: A case-control study on Kazakhs in Xinjiang. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 81:102280. [PMID: 36327927 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore associations between dietary habits and esophageal epithelial cell carcinoma (ESCC) and provide a potential direction for exploring how different dietary habits and nutrient intake might affect ESCC development. METHODS 198 ESCC cases and 200 controls on Kazakhs were recruited in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2019 for a group-matched case-control study. The case group were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. The control population were recruited from two parts: hospital-based control and population-based control. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. The food frequency questionnaire was used to investigate the dietary nutrients intake. Folic acid, vitamin B12, and DNA-methyltransferase 1(DNMT1) levels were measured in serum samples obtained from cases and controls. RESULTS The cholesterol intake of ESCC group was significantly higher than that of the control group while the intakes of protein, thiamin, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin A, B6, C and E were significantly lower than the control group. Factors including lacking fresh vegetables and fruits, low educational level, low income, alcohol drinking, eating solid and dry food and smoked meat, dieting irregularly, salty taste preference, low serum folic acid level and high serum DNMT1 level were associated with increased risk of ESCC in Kazakhs. CONCLUSION Dietary habits and nutrient intake were associated with increased risk of ESCC in Kazakhs that may provide a potential direction for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yu Yin
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Siyao Li
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Medical College, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kurasawa Y, Iida A, Narimatsu K, Sekiya H, Maruoka Y, Michiwaki Y. Effects of Perioperative Oral Management in Patients with Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216576. [PMID: 36362804 PMCID: PMC9655039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative oral management (POM) is used to prevent pneumonia in patients with cancer. However, the factors that expose hospitalized patients to increased risk of developing pneumonia remain unclear. For example, no study to date has compared the incidence of pneumonia in hospitalized patients by cancer primary lesion, or POM implementation, or not. We determined which patients were most likely to benefit from POM and examined the effects of POM on pneumonia prevention and mortality. In a total of 9441 patients with cancer who underwent surgery during hospitalization, there were 8208 patients in the No POM group, and 1233 in the POM group. We examined between-group differences in the incidence of pneumonia and associated outcomes during hospitalization. There was no significant between-group difference in the incidence of pneumonitis, however, patients with lung, or head and neck cancers, demonstrated a lower incidence of postoperative pneumonia. Among patients with lung and pancreatic cancers, mortality was significantly lower in the POM group. POM appears effective at reducing the risk of postoperative pneumonia in patients with certain cancers. Further, mortality was significantly lower in patients with lung and pancreatic cancers who received POM; hence, POM may be an effective adjuvant therapy for patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kurasawa
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8520, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5803-5500
| | - Akihiko Iida
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital, Niigata 940-2085, Japan
| | - Kaya Narimatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital, Niigata 940-2085, Japan
| | - Hideki Sekiya
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maruoka
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Michiwaki
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kheyrandish MR, Mir SM, Sheikh Arabi M. DNA repair pathways as a novel therapeutic strategy in esophageal cancer: A review study. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1716. [PMID: 36147024 PMCID: PMC9675361 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common malignancy with a poor prognosis worldwide. There are two core pathways that repair double-strand breaks, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and numerous proteins are recognized that affect the occurrence of HR and NHEJ. Altered DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are associated with cancer susceptibility and affect therapeutic response and resistance in cancers. DDR pathway alterations in EC are still poorly understood. Therefore, the identification of alterations in specific genes in DDR pathways may potentially result in novel treatments for resistant cancers, especially EC. In this review, we aimed to focus on different aspects of DNA damage and repair processes in EC. Also, we reviewed new therapeutic strategies via targeting DNA repair machinery components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mir
- Metabolic Disorders Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Mehdi Sheikh Arabi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nezu Y, Manabe N, Yoda Y, Haruma K. Effectiveness of screening endoscopy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Japanese males. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:868-873. [PMID: 35976761 PMCID: PMC9557950 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a poor prognosis; therefore, early detection is essential. In Japan, more than 90% of esophageal cancers are ESCC. Endoscopy is effective to detect ESCC in the early stage, but there is a limited number of reports examining its efficacy and effectiveness. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of screening endoscopy for detecting ESCC. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed the prevalence of ESCC, annual transition of prevalence, and the stage of each ESCC among 128,520 medical check-up patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy from April 2015 to March 2020 at Yamanashi Koseiren Health Care Center. Furthermore, a case-control study utilized the multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factor of ESCC. RESULTS Among a total of 128,520 subjects, 42 ESCC patients were detected, with 95.2% being diagnosed at early stages. Annual prevalence in males was 0.015% (2/13,122) in 2015, 0.044% (6/13,562) in 2016, 0.044% (6/13,676) in 2017, 0.074% (10/13,488) in 2018%, and 0.11% (16/14,386) in 2019. ESCC prevalence has been increasing each year. A significant increase was observed between 2015 and 2018 (p = 0.039). ESCC prevalence was 0.102% (25/24,272) when focusing on males aged over 50 years with a history of smoking and drinking. Regarding the case-control study, the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed smoking (p = 0.044), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p = 0.0018), and severe gastric atrophy (p = 0.048) as positively correlated with ESCC. CONCLUSION In conclusion, ESCC has been increasing in our center from 2015 to 2019, and the prevalence has been approaching that of gastric cancer in 2019 in male subjects. ESCC can be detected efficiently by targeting males with high MCV who have a history of drinking and smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Nezu
- Yamanashi Koseiren Health Care CenterYamanashiJapan
| | - Noriaki Manabe
- Division of Endoscopy and UltrasonographyDepartment of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKawasaki Medical School General Medical CenterOkayamaJapan
| | | | - Ken Haruma
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2Kawasaki Medical School General Medical CenterOkayamaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kubo Y, Kitagawa Y, Miyazaki T, Sohda M, Yamaji T, Sakai M, Saeki H, Nemoto K, Oyama T, Muto M, Takeuchi H, Toh Y, Matsubara H, Mano M, Kono K, Kato K, Yoshida M, Kawakubo H, Booka E, Yamatsuji T, Kato H, Ito Y, Ishikawa H, Ishihara R, Tsushima T, Kawachi H, Oyama T, Kojima T, Kuribayashi S, Makino T, Matsuda S, Doki Y. The potential for reducing alcohol consumption to prevent esophageal cancer morbidity in Asian heavy drinkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Esophagus 2022; 19:39-46. [PMID: 34693473 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-021-00892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for esophageal cancer. In Asia, heavy drinkers are considered to have a higher risk of esophageal cancer than nondrinkers and light drinkers. However, no study has shown an association between alcohol reduction and the morbidity of esophageal cancer in Asian heavy drinkers. Therefore, this study investigated the significance of reducing alcohol consumption to prevent esophageal cancer in Asian heavy drinkers by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. The MEDLINE (PubMed) and ICHUSHI (Japana Centra Revuo Medicina) databases were searched from January 1995 to December 2020. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. I2 statistics were used to detect heterogeneity. This study included 21 articles in the qualitative synthesis. Light drinkers and heavy drinkers were categorized based on alcohol consumption amount as ≤ 25 ethanol g/day and ≥ 66 ethanol g/day, respectively, as described in many previous studies, and five cohort studies were eligible for this meta-analysis. The HR of esophageal cancer among heavy drinkers versus nondrinkers was 4.18 (95% CI 2.34-7.47, I2 = 74%). On the other hand, the HR of esophageal cancer among light drinkers was 1.82 compared with nondrinkers (95% CI 1.57-2.10, I2 = 0%). Heavy drinkers have a higher esophageal cancer incidence than light drinkers and nondrinker. It is possible that alcohol reduction may decrease the risk of esophageal cancer in Asian heavy drinkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenji Nemoto
- Department of Radiology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Oyama
- Department of Endoscopy, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Toh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mano
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hemodialysis and Surgery, Chemotherapy Research Institute, International University of Health and Welfare, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Booka
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamatsuji
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, QST Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryu Ishihara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsushima
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation For Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Oyama
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shiko Kuribayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mitani S, Kato K, Daiko H, Ito Y, Nozaki I, Kojima T, Yano M, Nakagawa S, Ueno M, Watanabe M, Tsunoda S, Abe T, Kadowaki S, Kadota T, Sasaki K, Machida R, Kitagawa Y. Second primary malignancies in patients with clinical T1bN0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after definitive therapies: supplementary analysis of the JCOG trial: JCOG0502. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:455-463. [PMID: 35546373 PMCID: PMC9232445 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are still at a high risk of developing second primary malignancies (SPMs) after definitive therapies. We evaluated the development of SPMs and explored its risk factors in patients with clinical T1bN0 ESCC. METHODS JCOG0502 prospectively compared esophagectomy with definitive chemo-radiotherapy for clinical T1bN0 ESCC. Here, we reviewed all JCOG0502 patients' data for SPMs and investigated the risk factors for SPMs using uni-variable and multivariable analyses by Fine and Gray model. RESULTS Among 379 enrolled patients, 213 underwent esophagectomy and 166 received chemo-radiotherapy. Patient characteristics were male (85%); median age [63 (range 41-75) years; location of the primary tumor (upper/middle/lower thoracic esophagus, 11%/63%/27%, respectively]; alcohol consumption history (79%); smoking history (66%); prevalence of no/several/many/unknown Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs) (45%/36%/8%/11%, respectively). In a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 118 SPMs occurred in 99 (26%) patients. Cumulative incidences of SPMs after 3, 5, and 10 years were 9%, 15%, and 36%, respectively. The most common primary tumor sites were the head and neck (35%), stomach (20%) and lungs (14%). In multivariable analyses, compared to no LVLs, several LVLs [hazard ratio (HR) 2.24, 95% confidential interval (CI) 1.32-3.81] and many LVLs (HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.27-6.52) were significantly associated with the development of SPMs. Sixteen patients died due to the SPMs. CONCLUSION The incidence of SPMs was high. The presence of LVLs, which was a predictive factor for SPMs, may be useful for surveillance planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Mitani
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Kindai University, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daiko
- Esophageal Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Nozaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yano
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tsunoda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Abe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kadowaki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kadota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Keita Sasaki
- Japan Clinical Oncology Group Operations Office, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Machida
- Japan Clinical Oncology Group Data Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghosh NR, Jones LA. Dietary risk factors for esophageal cancer based on World Health Organization regions. Nutrition 2021; 95:111552. [PMID: 34999383 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esophageal cancer (EC) has become one of the most alarming cancers in the world. There are significant differences in incidence and risk factors associated with the two most common histological subtypes of EC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, between regions. This systematic review was undertaken to analyze dietary risk factors specific to EC and its two subtypes based on World Health Organization regions. METHODS A systematic search of five databases (Global Health, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for the past 5 y (2015-2020) was conducted from March 2020 to July 2020. Titles and abstracts were screened to determine the primary inclusion eligibility, followed by an examination of the full-text articles. Finally, 59 articles were reviewed to identify EC risk factors and compare these by region. Data were extracted using a table developed by the research team. Risk factors found in >50% of regions were highlighted. RESULTS The study identified some major dietary risk factors for EC that were previously reported, as well as some uncommon dietary risk factors, such as salty foods and beverages, unpiped drinking water, sugar-related factors (e.g., sweet intake), and foods with high glycemic index. CONCLUSIONS EC risk factors extend beyond those previously identified. Targeting all EC risk factors by region will assist the World Health Organization and other health agencies in providing a tailored, culturally appropriate response to effectively reduce the incidence and prevalence of EC within a region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirjhar R Ghosh
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
| | - Lori A Jones
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
John U, Rumpf HJ, Hanke M, Meyer C. Alcohol abstinence and mortality in a general population sample of adults in Germany: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003819. [PMID: 34727120 PMCID: PMC8562854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that people who abstain from alcohol have a higher mortality rate than those who drink low to moderate amounts. However, little is known about factors that might be causal for this finding. The objective was to analyze former alcohol or drug use disorders, risky drinking, tobacco smoking, and fair to poor health among persons who reported abstinence from alcohol drinking in the last 12 months before baseline in relation to total, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality 20 years later. METHODS AND FINDINGS A sample of residents aged 18 to 64 years had been drawn at random among the general population in northern Germany and a standardized interview conducted in the years 1996 to 1997. The baseline assessment included 4,093 persons (70.2% of those who had been eligible). Vital status and death certificate data were retrieved in the years 2017 and 2018. We found that among the alcohol-abstinent study participants at baseline (447), there were 405 (90.60%) former alcohol consumers. Of the abstainers, 322 (72.04%) had met one or more criteria for former alcohol or drug dependence or abuse, alcohol risky drinking, or had tried to cut down or to stop drinking, were daily smokers, or self-rated their health as fair to poor. Among the abstainers with one or more of these risk factors, 114 (35.40%) had an alcohol use disorder or risky alcohol consumption in their history. Another 161 (50.00%) did not have such an alcohol-related risk but were daily smokers. The 322 alcohol-abstinent study participants with one or more of the risk factors had a shorter time to death than those with low to moderate alcohol consumption. The Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) was 2.44 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.68 to 3.56) for persons who had one or more criteria for an alcohol or drug use disorder fulfilled in their history and after adjustment for age and sex. The 125 alcohol-abstinent persons without these risk factors (27.96% of the abstainers) did not show a statistically significant difference from low to moderate alcohol consumers in total, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Those who had stayed alcohol abstinent throughout their life before (42; 9.40% of the alcohol-abstinent study participants at baseline) had an HR 1.64 (CI 0.72 to 3.77) compared to low to moderate alcohol consumers after adjustment for age, sex, and tobacco smoking. Main limitations of this study include its reliance on self-reported data at baseline and the fact that only tobacco smoking was analyzed as a risky behavior alongside alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the alcohol abstainers at baseline were former alcohol consumers and had risk factors that increased the likelihood of early death. Former alcohol use disorders, risky alcohol drinking, ever having smoked tobacco daily, and fair to poor health were associated with early death among alcohol abstainers. Those without an obvious history of these risk factors had a life expectancy similar to that of low to moderate alcohol consumers. The findings speak against recommendations to drink alcohol for health reasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich John
- University Medicine Greifswald, Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Hans-Juergen Rumpf
- University of Luebeck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group S:TEP, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Monika Hanke
- University Medicine Greifswald, Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- University Medicine Greifswald, Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li P, Jing J, Guo W, Guo X, Hu W, Qi X, Wei WQ, Zhuang G. The associations of air pollution and socioeconomic factors with esophageal cancer in China based on a spatiotemporal analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110415. [PMID: 33159927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and industrialization in China have incurred serious air pollution and consequent health concerns. In this study, we examined the modifying effects of urbanization and socioeconomic factors on the association between PM2.5 and incidence of esophageal cancer (EC) in 2000-2015 using spatiotemporal techniques and a quasi-Poisson generalized linear model. The results showed a downward trend of EC and high-risk areas aggregated in North China and Huai River Basin. In addition, a stronger association between PM2.5 and incidence was observed in low urbanization group, and the association was stronger for females than males. When exposure time-windows were adjusted as 0, 5, 10, 15 years, the incidence risk increased by 2.48% (95% CI: 2.23%, 2.73%), 2.20% (95% CI: 1.91%, 2.49%), 2.18% (95% CI%: 1.92%, 2.43%), 1.87% (95% CI%:1.64, 2.10%) for males, respectively and 4.03% (95% CI: 3.63%, 4.43%), 2.20% (95% CI: 1.91%, 2.49%), 3.97% (95% CI: 3.54%, 4.41%), 3.06% (95% CI: 2.71%, 3.41%) for females, respectively. The findings indicated people in low urbanization group faced with a stronger EC risk caused by PM2.5, which contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of combating EC challenges related to PM2.5 pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Jing
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiya Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wen-Qiang Wei
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Guihua Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Koyanagi YN, Suzuki E, Imoto I, Kasugai Y, Oze I, Ugai T, Iwase M, Usui Y, Kawakatsu Y, Sawabe M, Hirayama Y, Tanaka T, Abe T, Ito S, Komori K, Hanai N, Tajika M, Shimizu Y, Niwa Y, Ito H, Matsuo K. Across-Site Differences in the Mechanism of Alcohol-Induced Digestive Tract Carcinogenesis: An Evaluation by Mediation Analysis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1601-1610. [PMID: 32005715 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A genetic variant on aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2 rs671, Glu504Lys) contributes to carcinogenesis after alcohol consumption. Somewhat conversely, the ALDH2 Lys allele also confers a protective effect against alcohol-induced carcinogenesis by decreasing alcohol consumption due to acetaldehyde-related adverse effects. Here, we applied a mediation analysis to five case-control studies for head and neck, esophageal, stomach, small intestine, and colorectal cancers, with 4,099 cases and 6,065 controls, and explored the potentially heterogeneous impact of alcohol drinking on digestive tract carcinogenesis by decomposing the total effect of the ALDH2 Lys allele on digestive tract cancer risk into the two opposing effects of the carcinogenic effect (direct effect) and the protective effect (indirect effect mediated by drinking behavior). Alcohol was associated with an increased risk of most digestive tract cancers, but significant direct effects were observed only for upper gastrointestinal tract cancer risk, and varied substantially by site, with ORs (95% confidence interval) of 1.83 (1.43-2.36) for head and neck cancer, 21.15 (9.11-49.12) for esophageal cancer, and 1.65 (1.38-1.96) for stomach cancer. In contrast, a significant protective indirect effect was observed on risk for all cancers, except small intestine cancer. These findings suggest that alcohol is a major risk factor for digestive tract cancers, but its impact as a surrogate for acetaldehyde exposure appears heterogeneous by site. Meanwhile, the behavior-related effect of the ALDH2 Lys allele results in a decreased risk of most digestive tract cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings support that genetic alcohol avoidance is a factor against alcohol-induced cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko N Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Etsuji Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kasugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Madoka Iwase
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Usui
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukino Kawakatsu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michi Sawabe
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hirayama
- Department of Endoscopy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- Department of Endoscopy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Abe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Komori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tajika
- Department of Endoscopy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Niwa
- Department of Endoscopy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. .,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oze I, Charvat H, Matsuo K, Ito H, Tamakoshi A, Nagata C, Wada K, Sugawara Y, Sawada N, Yamaji T, Naito M, Tanaka K, Shimazu T, Mizoue T, Tsugane S, Inoue M. Revisit of an unanswered question by pooled analysis of eight cohort studies in Japan: Does cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking have interaction for the risk of esophageal cancer? Cancer Med 2019; 8:6414-6425. [PMID: 31475462 PMCID: PMC6797581 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are two major risk factors for esophageal cancer. Not all, but several of case-control studies have indicated interaction between the two factors; however, no prospective study has validated this phenomenon to date. Therefore, the interaction between smoking and alcohol drinking is still open-ended question. To answer this, we conducted a pooled analysis using large-scale population-based cohort studies in Japan. Male subjects from eight cohort studies were included. Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were both categorized categorically (never/ever), and in the three consumption levels of pack years and ethanol consumption/day. Effects of smoking and drinking in each study were estimated by Cox regression models. The study-specific results were combined through meta-analysis to obtain summary effects of hazard ratios (HRs) and measures of interactions at both additive and multiplicative scales. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) from smoking and drinking were obtained using distributions of exposures and fully adjusted HRs. In 162 826 male subjects, 954 esophageal cancer incidences were identified. HRs of ever smoking, ever drinking, and their combination were 2.92 (1.59-5.36), 2.73 (1.78-4.18), and 8.86 (4.82-16.30), respectively. Interaction between cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking was significantly positive on the additive scale, but not significant on the multiplicative scale. The joint effect of smoking and drinking in three levels of evaluation showed a similar significant super-additive interaction. PAFs from smoking, drinking, and their combination were 55.4%, 61.2%, and 81.4%, respectively. Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking had a significant positive additive interaction for esophageal cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and PreventionDepartment of Preventive MedicineAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and PreventionDepartment of Preventive MedicineAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Department of EpidemiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and ControlDepartment of Preventive MedicineAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Department of EpidemiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public HealthHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Oral EpidemiologyHiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshimaJapan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Saga Medical School, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention GroupResearch Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|