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Luo H, Huang S. Inhibition of MNK pathway sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma to radiotherapy. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:155-162. [PMID: 37694854 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving the clinical management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an unmet need owing to the high incidence of treatment failure caused by radioresistance. In our study, we observed increased phosphorylation of translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), regulated by MAP kinase-interacting kinase (MNK), in NPC cells following irradiation treatment. Using siRNA to deplete MNK, we found that radiation-induced eIF4E phosphorylation was eliminated, NPC cell sensitivity to radiation was enhanced, and radioresistant NPC cell viability was reduced. Furthermore, we tested three pharmacological MNK inhibitors (eFT508, CGP57380, and cercosporamide) and found that they were effective against radioresistant NPC cells and synergized with irradiation. In-vivo experiments confirmed that eFT508, at a tolerable dose, inhibited the growth of radioresistant NPC and synergized with radiation in a radiosensitive NPC xenograft model. Our research highlights the activation of MNK-mediated survival mechanisms in NPC in response to radiotherapy and the potential of combining radiation with MNK inhibitors as a sensitizing strategy. Notably, eFT508 is currently being investigated in clinical trials for cancer treatment, and our findings may prompt the initiation of clinical trials using eFT508 in radioresistant NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglan Luo
- Department of Oncology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang
| | - Shiyong Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
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2
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Dewdney B, Jenkins MR, Best SA, Freytag S, Prasad K, Holst J, Endersby R, Johns TG. From signalling pathways to targeted therapies: unravelling glioblastoma's secrets and harnessing two decades of progress. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:400. [PMID: 37857607 PMCID: PMC10587102 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a rare, and highly lethal form of brain cancer, poses significant challenges in terms of therapeutic resistance, and poor survival rates for both adult and paediatric patients alike. Despite advancements in brain cancer research driven by a technological revolution, translating our understanding of glioblastoma pathogenesis into improved clinical outcomes remains a critical unmet need. This review emphasises the intricate role of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways, epigenetic mechanisms, and metabolic functions in glioblastoma tumourigenesis and therapeutic resistance. We also discuss the extensive efforts over the past two decades that have explored targeted therapies against these pathways. Emerging therapeutic approaches, such as antibody-toxin conjugates or CAR T cell therapies, offer potential by specifically targeting proteins on the glioblastoma cell surface. Combination strategies incorporating protein-targeted therapy and immune-based therapies demonstrate great promise for future clinical research. Moreover, gaining insights into the role of cell-of-origin in glioblastoma treatment response holds the potential to advance precision medicine approaches. Addressing these challenges is crucial to improving outcomes for glioblastoma patients and moving towards more effective precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Dewdney
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Misty R Jenkins
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah A Best
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Krishneel Prasad
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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3
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Zha HL, Chen W, Shi W, Liao YY. Inhibition of Eukaryotic Initiating Factor eIF4E Overcomes Abemaciclib Resistance in Gastric Cancer. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:927-934. [PMID: 37752406 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant activating mutations in cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are common in various cancers, including gastroesophageal malignancies. Although CDK4/6 inhibitors, such as abemaciclib and palbociclib, have been approved for breast cancer treatment, their effectiveness as a monotherapy remains limited for gastroesophageal tumors. The present study explored the underlying mechanism of abemaciclib resistance. METHODS Abemaciclib-resistant gastric cancer cell lines were generated, and the phospho-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (p-eIF4E) and eIF4E expression was compared between resistant and parental cell lines. In order to analyze the role of eIF4E in cell resistance, siRNA knockdown was employed. The effectiveness of ribavirin alone and its combination with abemaciclib was evaluated in the gastric cancer xenograft mouse model. RESULTS The upregulation of eIF4E was a common feature in gastric cancer cells exposed to prolonged abemaciclib treatment. Gastric cancer cells with increased eIF4E levels exhibited a better response to eIF4E inhibition, especially those that were resistant to abemaciclib. Ribavirin, which is an approved anti-viral drug, significantly improved the efficacy of abemaciclib, both in vitro and in vivo, by inhibiting eIF4E. Importantly, ribavirin effectively suppressed the abemaciclib-resistant gastric cancer growth in mice without causing toxicity. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that targeting eIF4E can enhance the abemaciclib treatment for gastric cancer, proposing the potential combination therapy of CDK4/6 inhibitors with ribavirin for advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huo-Long Zha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
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Krassnig S, Leber SL, Orthmann A, Golob-Schwarzl N, Huber HJ, Wohlrab C, Skofler C, Pennauer M, Raicht A, Birkl-Toeglhofer AM, Naumann M, Mahdy-Ali K, von Campe G, Leoni M, Alcaniz J, Hoffmann J, Wälchli T, Weis S, Benesch M, Haybaeck J. Decreased eukaryotic initiation factors expression upon temozolomide treatment-potential novel implications for eIFs in glioma therapy. J Neurooncol 2023; 165:91-100. [PMID: 37907716 PMCID: PMC10638187 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since glioma therapy is currently still limited until today, new treatment options for this heterogeneous group of tumours are of great interest. Eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are altered in various cancer entities, including gliomas. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the potential of eIFs as novel targets in glioma treatment. METHODS We evaluated eIF protein expression and regulation in 22 glioblastoma patient-derived xenografts (GBM PDX) after treatment with established cytostatics and with regards to mutation profile analyses of GBM PDX. RESULTS We observed decreased expression of several eIFs upon temozolomide (TMZ) treatment independent from the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ AKT/ mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. These effects of TMZ treatment were not present in TMZ-resistant PDX. Combination therapy of regorafenib and TMZ re- established the eIF/AKT/mTOR axis. CONCLUSION Our study provides novel insights into chemotherapeutic effects on eIF regulation in gliomas and suggests that eIFs are interesting candidates for future research to improve glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Krassnig
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan L Leber
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 9, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | | | - Nicole Golob-Schwarzl
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinrich Johann Huber
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Dr. Boehringer Gasse 5-11 A-1121, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Wohlrab
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Skofler
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Mirjam Pennauer
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Raicht
- Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Maria Birkl-Toeglhofer
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kariem Mahdy-Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gord von Campe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlene Leoni
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Thomas Wälchli
- Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Group Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Serge Weis
- Division of Neuropathology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Neuromed Campus, Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Benesch
- Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria.
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
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Muzyka L, Goff NK, Choudhary N, Koltz MT. Systematic Review of Molecular Targeted Therapies for Adult-Type Diffuse Glioma: An Analysis of Clinical and Laboratory Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10456. [PMID: 37445633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common brain tumor in adults, and molecularly targeted therapies to treat gliomas are becoming a frequent topic of investigation. The current state of molecular targeted therapy research for adult-type diffuse gliomas has yet to be characterized, particularly following the 2021 WHO guideline changes for classifying gliomas using molecular subtypes. This systematic review sought to characterize the current state of molecular target therapy research for adult-type diffuse glioma to better inform scientific progress and guide next steps in this field of study. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were queried for study design, subject (patients, human cell lines, mice, etc.), type of tumor studied, molecular target, respective molecular pathway, and details pertaining to the molecular targeted therapy-namely the modality, dose, and duration of treatment. A total of 350 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 52 of these were clinical studies, 190 were laboratory studies investigating existing molecular therapies, and 108 were laboratory studies investigating new molecular targets. Further, a total of 119 ongoing clinical trials are also underway, per a detailed query on clinicaltrials.gov. GBM was the predominant tumor studied in both ongoing and published clinical studies as well as in laboratory analyses. A few studies mentioned IDH-mutant astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas. The most common molecular targets in published clinical studies and clinical trials were protein kinase pathways, followed by microenvironmental targets, immunotherapy, and cell cycle/apoptosis pathways. The most common molecular targets in laboratory studies were also protein kinase pathways; however, cell cycle/apoptosis pathways were the next most frequent target, followed by microenvironmental targets, then immunotherapy pathways, with the wnt/β-catenin pathway arising in the cohort of novel targets. In this systematic review, we examined the current evidence on molecular targeted therapy for adult-type diffuse glioma and discussed its implications for clinical practice and future research. Ultimately, published research falls broadly into three categories-clinical studies, laboratory testing of existing therapies, and laboratory identification of novel targets-and heavily centers on GBM rather than IDH-mutant astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma. Ongoing clinical trials are numerous in this area of research as well and follow a similar pattern in tumor type and targeted pathways as published clinical studies. The most common molecular targets in all study types were protein kinase pathways. Microenvironmental targets were more numerous in clinical studies, whereas cell cycle/apoptosis were more numerous in laboratory studies. Immunotherapy pathways are on the rise in all study types, and the wnt/β-catenin pathway is increasingly identified as a novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Muzyka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicolas K Goff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nikita Choudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael T Koltz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Montiel-Dávalos A, Ayala Y, Hernández G. The dark side of mRNA translation and the translation machinery in glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1086964. [PMID: 36994107 PMCID: PMC10042294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1086964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different types of cancer affecting the central nervous system (CNS), glioblastoma (GB) is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most common and aggressive CNS cancer in adults. GB incidence is more frequent among persons aged 45–55 years old. GB treatments are based on tumor resection, radiation, and chemotherapies. The current development of novel molecular biomarkers (MB) has led to a more accurate prediction of GB progression. Moreover, clinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies have established genetic variants consistently associated with the risk of suffering GB. However, despite the advances in these fields, the survival expectancy of GB patients is still shorter than 2 years. Thus, fundamental processes inducing tumor onset and progression remain to be elucidated. In recent years, mRNA translation has been in the spotlight, as its dysregulation is emerging as a key cause of GB. In particular, the initiation phase of translation is most involved in this process. Among the crucial events, the machinery performing this phase undergoes a reconfiguration under the hypoxic conditions in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, ribosomal proteins (RPs) have been reported to play translation-independent roles in GB development. This review focuses on the research elucidating the tight relationship between translation initiation, the translation machinery, and GB. We also summarize the state-of-the-art drugs targeting the translation machinery to improve patients’ survival. Overall, the recent advances in this field are shedding new light on the dark side of translation in GB.
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Zhang Q, Zhao J, Xu T. Inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E by tomivosertib suppresses angiogenesis, growth, and survival of glioblastoma and enhances chemotherapy's efficacy. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36691859 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by extensive vascularization and is highly resistant to current therapy. Identification of drugs that target tumor directly and angiogenesis processes present an effective therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. Mnk kinase is required for the activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which mediates translation of oncogenic proteins. We investigated the effects of tomivosertib, a novel MAPK-interacting kinase (MNK) inhibitor, on glioblastoma angiogenesis, growth, and survival. We found that tomivosertib inhibited growth and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in various glioblastoma cell lines. Tomivosertib disrupted glioblastoma endothelial cell capillary network formation, growth, and survival. Mechanistically, tomivosertib acted on glioblastoma via suppressing MNK-dependent eIF4E phosphorylation and activation in tumor and endothelial cells. We further found that temozolomide activated eIF4E and this was reversed by tomivosertib. Using glioblastoma xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated that temozolomide and tomivosertib combination had higher efficacy than tomivosertib alone. Of note, tomivosertib inhibited glioblastoma angiogenesis and decreased p-eIF4E level in mice. We finally showed that p-eIF4E activation was a common molecular feature in glioblastoma patients. Our pre-clinical findings suggest that tomivosertib is a useful addition to the treatment armamentarium for glioblastoma and that targeting MNK-eIF4E pathway represents a therapeutic strategy to overcome glioblastoma chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tingwei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, 14 Dong Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, China
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8
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Bou-Petit E, Hümmer S, Alarcon H, Slobodnyuk K, Cano-Galietero M, Fuentes P, Guijarro PJ, Muñoz MJ, Suarez-Cabrera L, Santamaria A, Estrada-Tejedor R, Borrell JI, Ramón Y Cajal S. Overcoming Paradoxical Kinase Priming by a Novel MNK1 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6070-6087. [PMID: 35417652 PMCID: PMC9059116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the kinases MNK1 and MNK2 has emerged as a valuable strategy in oncology. However, most of the advanced inhibitors are acting in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive mode, precluding the evaluation of different binding modes in preclinical settings. Using rational design, we identified and validated the 4,6-diaryl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine scaffold as the core for MNK inhibitors. Signaling pathway analysis confirmed a direct effect of the hit compound EB1 on MNKs, and in line with the reported function of these kinases, EB1 only affects the growth of tumor but not normal cells. Molecular modeling revealed the binding of EB1 to the inactive conformation of MNK1 and the interaction with the specific DFD motif. This novel mode of action appears to be superior to the ATP-competitive inhibitors, which render the protein in a pseudo-active state. Overcoming this paradoxical activation of MNKs by EB1 represents therefore a promising starting point for the development of a novel generation of MNK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bou-Petit
- Grup de Química Farmacèutica, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Hümmer
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Psg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Alarcon
- Grup de Química Farmacèutica, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konstantin Slobodnyuk
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Psg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cano-Galietero
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Psg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Fuentes
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Psg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J Guijarro
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Psg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Muñoz
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Psg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Suarez-Cabrera
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Psg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Santamaria
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Group in Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Psg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Estrada-Tejedor
- Grup de Química Farmacèutica, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José I Borrell
- Grup de Química Farmacèutica, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Psg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Translational Regulation by hnRNP H/F Is Essential for the Proliferation and Survival of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051283. [PMID: 35267591 PMCID: PMC8909726 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of mRNA translation is a widespread characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM), aggressive malignant brain tumors that are resistant to conventional therapies. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a critical role in translational regulation, yet the mechanisms and impact of these regulations on cancer development, progression and response to therapy remain to be fully understood. Here, we showed that hnRNP H/F RBPs are potent regulators of translation through several mechanisms that converge to modulate the expression and/or the activity of translation initiation factors. Among these, hnRNP H/F regulate the phosphorylation of eIF4E and its translational targets by controlling RNA splicing of the A-Raf kinase mRNA, which in turn modulates the MEK-ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. The underlying mechanism involves RNA G-quadruplex (RG4s), RNA structures whose modulation phenocopies hnRNP H/F translation regulation in GBM cells. Our results highlighted that hnRNP H/F are essential for key functional pathways regulating proliferation and survival of GBM, highlighting its targeting as a promising strategy for improving therapeutic outcomes.
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10
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Zhao R, Zeng J, DeVries K, Proulx R, Krauze AV. Optimizing management of the elderly patient with glioblastoma: Survival prediction online tool based on BC Cancer Registry real-world data. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac052. [PMID: 35733517 PMCID: PMC9209750 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with fatal outcomes and devastating neurological presentations especially impacting the elderly. Management remains controversial and representation in clinical trials poor. We generated 2 nomograms and a clinical decision making web tool using real-world data. METHODS Patients ≥60 years of age with histologically confirmed GBM (ICD-O-3 histology codes 9440/3, 9441/3, and 9442/3) diagnosed 2005-2015 were identified from the BC Cancer Registry (n = 822). Seven hundred and twenty-nine patients for which performance status was captured were included in the analysis. Age, performance and resection status, administration of radiation therapy (RT), and chemotherapy were reviewed. Nomograms predicting 6- and 12-month overall survival (OS) probability were developed using Cox proportional hazards regression internally validated by c-index. A web tool powered by JavaScript was developed to calculate the survival probability. RESULTS Median OS was 6.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 6-7.2 months). Management involved concurrent chemoradiation (34%), RT alone (42%), and chemo alone (2.3%). Twenty-one percent of patients did not receive treatment beyond surgical intervention. Age, performance status, extent of resection, chemotherapy, and RT administration were all significant independent predictors of OS. Patients <80 years old who received RT had a significant survival advantage, regardless of extent of resection (hazard ratio range from 0.22 to 0.60, CI 0.15-0.95). A nomogram was constructed from all 729 patients (Harrell's Concordance Index = 0.78 [CI 0.71-0.84]) with a second nomogram based on subgroup analysis of the 452 patients who underwent RT (Harrell's Concordance Index = 0.81 [CI 0.70-0.90]). An online calculator based on both nomograms was generated for clinical use. CONCLUSIONS Two nomograms and accompanying web tool incorporating commonly captured clinical features were generated based on real-world data to optimize decision making in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Zhao
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Zeng
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly DeVries
- Cancer Surveillance & Outcomes, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan Proulx
- Safe Software, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andra Valentina Krauze
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Ibrahim Abdul Hakeem AH, Khaled RST, Sherif Ismail M. Expression of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in Astrocytic Tumors (Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study). Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Astrocytic tumors are the most common primary brain tumors. Glioblastoma is the most common astrocytic tumor representing the highest World Health Organization (WHO) grade (WHO grade IV) with poor prognosis and short survival time. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has a role in embryonic central nervous system development. ALK receptor is thought to contribute to nervous system function, repair, and metabolic homeostasis and is expressed in high-grade tumors like anaplastic large cell lymphoma that makes it a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
AIM: This work aimed to examine the immunohistochemical expression of ALK in astrocytic tumors and its correlation with age, sex, clinical presentation, location, laterality, recurrence, and WHO grade to implicate possible therapeutic potential.
METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on sixty cases of archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks that included different subtypes and grades of astrocytic tumors. Immunohistochemistry using ALK monoclonal antibody was performed using a standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase system.
RESULTS: Of the sixty cases, 57 (95%) cases were negative for ALK, while three (5%) cases are positive for ALK; all showed the strong intensity of expression. No statistically significant association was found between ALK expression and astrocytic tumors in addition to other clinical variables of the studied tumors.
CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of astrocytic tumors showed negative ALK expression apart from three positive cases seen in higher WHO grades, especially gliosarcoma. The high number of negative cases for ALK in our study group suggests that ALK expression is not associated with a prognostic significance toward astrocytic tumors whatever its grade.
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12
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Jin X, Yu R, Wang X, Proud CG, Jiang T. Progress in developing MNK inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113420. [PMID: 33892273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The MNKs (mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting protein kinases) phosphorylate eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4 E) at serine 209; eIF4E plays an important role in the translation of cytoplasmic mRNAs, all of which possess a 5' 'cap' structure to which eIF4E binds. Elevated levels of eIF4E, p-eIF4E and/or the MNK protein kinases have been found in many types of cancer, including solid tumors and leukemia. MNKs also play a role in metabolic disease. Regulation of the activities of MNKs (MNK1 and MNK2), control the phosphorylation of eIF4E, which in turn has a close relationship with the processes of tumor development, cell migration and invasion, and energy metabolism. MNK knock-out mice display no adverse effects on normal cells or phenotypes suggesting that MNK may be a potentially safe targets for the treatment of various cancers. Several MNK inhibitors or 'degraders' have been identified. Initially, some of the inhibitors were developed from natural products or based on other protein kinase inhibitors which inhibit multiple kinases. Subsequently, more potent and selective inhibitors for MNK1/2 have been designed and synthesized. Currently, three inhibitors (BAY1143269, eFT508 and ETC-206) are in various stages of clinical trials for the treatment of solid cancers or leukemia, either alone or combined with inhibitors of other protein kinase. In this review, we summarize the diverse MNK inhibitors that have been reported in patents and other literature, including those with activities in vitro and/or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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13
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A Profound Basic Characterization of eIFs in Gliomas: Identifying eIF3I and 4H as Potential Novel Target Candidates in Glioma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061482. [PMID: 33807050 PMCID: PMC8004965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gliomas are brain tumors with currently limited therapy options. Glioma growth and proliferation is regulated by the mTOR pathway together with eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs). In this work we show a profound basic characterization of eIFs in human gliomas and demonstrate increased mRNA and protein expressions of several eIFs in gliomas compared to healthy control brain tissue. Moreover, increased eIF3I and eIF4H levels seem to have a negative influence on the survival of patients. Our work suggests eIF3I and eIF4H as potential targets for future glioma therapy. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is an utterly devastating cerebral neoplasm and current therapies only marginally improve patients’ overall survival (OS). The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway participates in gliomagenesis through regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Since it is an upstream regulator of the rate-limiting translation initiation step of protein synthesis, controlled by eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs), we aimed for a profound basic characterization of 17 eIFs to identify potential novel therapeutic targets for gliomas. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed expressions of mTOR-related proteins and eIFs in human astrocytoma samples (WHO grades I–IV) and compared them to non-neoplastic cortical control brain tissue (CCBT) using immunoblot analyses and immunohistochemistry. We examined mRNA expression using qRT-PCR and additionally performed in silico analyses to observe the influence of eIFs on patients’ survival. Protein and mRNA expressions of eIF3B, eIF3I, eIF4A1, eIF4H, eIF5 and eIF6 were significantly increased in high grade gliomas compared to CCBT and partially in low grade gliomas. However, short OS was only associated with high eIF3I gene expression in low grade gliomas, but not in GBM. In GBM, high eIF4H gene expression significantly correlated with shorter patient survival. In conclusion, we identified eIF3I and eIF4H as the most promising targets for future therapy for glioma patients.
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14
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Hajj GNM, Nunes PBC, Roffe M. Genome-wide translation patterns in gliomas: An integrative view. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109883. [PMID: 33321181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and include the highly malignant glioblastoma (GBM). Characteristically, gliomas have translational control deregulation related to overactivation of signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 and Ras/ERK1/2. Thus, mRNA translation appears to play a dominant role in glioma gene expression patterns. The, analysis of genome-wide translated transcripts, together known as the translatome, may reveal important information for understanding gene expression patterns in gliomas. This review provides a brief overview of translational control mechanisms altered in gliomas with a focus on the current knowledge related to the translatomes of glioma cells and murine glioma models. We present an integrative meta-analysis of selected glioma translatome data with the aim of identifying recurrent patterns of gene expression preferentially regulated at the level of translation and obtaining clues regarding the pathological significance of these alterations. Re-analysis of several translatome datasets was performed to compare the translatomes of glioma models with those of their non-tumor counterparts and to document glioma cell responses to radiotherapy and MNK modulation. The role of recurrently altered genes in the context of translational control and tumorigenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Noeli Maroso Hajj
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil; National Institute of Oncogenomics and Innovation, Brazil.
| | - Paula Borzino Cordeiro Nunes
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Martin Roffe
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil; National Institute of Oncogenomics and Innovation, Brazil.
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15
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Yang X, Zhong W, Cao R. Phosphorylation of the mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E and cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109689. [PMID: 32535199 PMCID: PMC8049097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated protein synthesis is frequently involved in oncogenesis and cancer progression. Translation initiation is thought to be the rate-limiting step in protein synthesis, and the mRNA 5' cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a pivotal factor that initiates translation. The activities of eIF4E are regulated at multiple levels, one of which is through its phosphorylation at Serine 209 by the mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases (MNKs, including MNK1 and MNK2). Benefiting from novel mouse genetic tools and pharmacological MNK inhibitors, our understanding of a role for eIF4E phosphorylation in tumor biology and cancer therapy has greatly evolved in recent years. Importantly, recent studies have found that the level of eIF4E phosphorylation is frequently upregulated in a wide variety of human cancer types, and phosphorylation of eIF4E drives a number of important processes in cancer biology, including cell transformation, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis. The MNK-eIF4E axis is being assessed as a therapeutic target either alone or in combination with other therapies in different cancer models. As novel MNK inhibitors are being developed, experimental studies bring new hope to cure human cancers that are not responsive to traditional therapies. Herein we review recent progress on our understanding of a mechanistic role for phosphorylation of eIF4E in cancer biology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Yang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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16
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Prabhu SA, Moussa O, Miller WH, del Rincón SV. The MNK1/2-eIF4E Axis as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4055. [PMID: 32517051 PMCID: PMC7312468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
: Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates in the pigment-producing cells of the body known as melanocytes. Most genetic aberrations in melanoma result in hyperactivation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. We and others have shown that a specific protein synthesis pathway known as the MNK1/2-eIF4E axis is often dysregulated in cancer. The MNK1/2-eIF4E axis is a point of convergence for these signaling pathways that are commonly constitutively activated in melanoma. In this review we consider the functional implications of aberrant mRNA translation in melanoma and other malignancies. Moreover, we discuss the consequences of inhibiting the MNK1/2-eIF4E axis on the tumor and tumor-associated cells, and we provide important avenues for the utilization of this treatment modality in combination with other targeted and immune-based therapies. The past decade has seen the increased development of selective inhibitors to block the action of the MNK1/2-eIF4E pathway, which are predicted to be an effective therapy regardless of the melanoma subtype (e.g., cutaneous, acral, and mucosal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyen A. Prabhu
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Omar Moussa
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Wilson H. Miller
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer (MCTRC), McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, 1980 Sherbrooke Ouest, #1101, Montreal, QC H3H 1E8, Canada
| | - Sonia V. del Rincón
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.A.P.); (O.M.); (W.H.M.J.)
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer (MCTRC), McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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17
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Marina D, Arnaud L, Paul Noel L, Felix S, Bernard R, Natacha C. Relevance of Translation Initiation in Diffuse Glioma Biology and its Therapeutic Potential. Cells 2019; 8:E1542. [PMID: 31795417 PMCID: PMC6953081 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are continually exposed to environmental stressors forcing them to adapt their protein production to survive. The translational machinery can be recruited by malignant cells to synthesize proteins required to promote their survival, even in times of high physiological and pathological stress. This phenomenon has been described in several cancers including in gliomas. Abnormal regulation of translation has encouraged the development of new therapeutics targeting the protein synthesis pathway. This approach could be meaningful for glioma given the fact that the median survival following diagnosis of the highest grade of glioma remains short despite current therapy. The identification of new targets for the development of novel therapeutics is therefore needed in order to improve this devastating overall survival rate. This review discusses current literature on translation in gliomas with a focus on the initiation step covering both the cap-dependent and cap-independent modes of initiation. The different translation initiation protagonists will be described in normal conditions and then in gliomas. In addition, their gene expression in gliomas will systematically be examined using two freely available datasets. Finally, we will discuss different pathways regulating translation initiation and current drugs targeting the translational machinery and their potential for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digregorio Marina
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Lombard Arnaud
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lumapat Paul Noel
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Scholtes Felix
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rogister Bernard
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
- Department of Neurology, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Coppieters Natacha
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
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18
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Modulating eIF6 levels unveils the role of translation in ecdysone biosynthesis during Drosophila development. Dev Biol 2019; 455:100-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Ichiyanagi O, Ito H, Naito S, Kabasawa T, Kanno H, Narisawa T, Ushijima M, Kurota Y, Ozawa M, Sakurai T, Nishida H, Kato T, Yamakawa M, Tsuchiya N. Impact of eIF4E phosphorylation at Ser209 via MNK2a on tumour recurrence after curative surgery in localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4053-4068. [PMID: 31258849 PMCID: PMC6592294 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the roles of eIF4E phosphorylation (Ser209) in tumour recurrence after curative nephrectomy for localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods: Expression of eIF4E, p eIF4E and MNKs (MAPK interacting kinases), was evaluated in surgical specimens obtained from consecutive non metastatic ccRCC patients (n = 290) by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunoblotting, and qRT PCR at the protein and mRNA levels. In human RCC cell lines, the effects of eIF4E phosphorylation were examined using immunoblotting, proliferation, migration and invasion assays with pharmacological inhibitors (CGP57380 or ETP45835) and specific small interfering (si) RNAs against MNK1/2(a/b). Results: In postoperative follow-up (median, 7.9 y), 40 patients experienced metastatic recurrence. In multivariate Cox analyses, higher IHC expression of p eIF4E in ccRCC significantly predicted a longer recurrence-free interval. eIF4E is phosphorylated mainly by MNK2a in tumour specimens and cell lines. In 786-O and A-498 cell lines, pharmacological inhibition of MNKs decreased p-eIF4E and increased vimentin and N cadherin but did not influence proliferation. Similarly, MNK2 or MNK2a inhibition with siRNA reduced p-eIF4E and enhanced vimentin translation, cell migration and invasion in the cell lines. Conclusions: MNK2a-induced eIF4E phosphorylation may suppress metastatic recurrence of ccRCC, partially due to vimentin downregulation at the translational level, consequently leading to inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ichiyanagi
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Department of Urology, Yamagata Prefectural Kahoku Hospital, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ito
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sei Naito
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kabasawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kanno
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takafumi Narisawa
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masaki Ushijima
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuta Kurota
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Michinobu Ozawa
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sakurai
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hayato Nishida
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kato
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yamakawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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20
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Cemeli T, Guasch-Vallés M, Nàger M, Felip I, Cambray S, Santacana M, Gatius S, Pedraza N, Dolcet X, Ferrezuelo F, Schuhmacher AJ, Herreros J, Garí E. Cytoplasmic cyclin D1 regulates glioblastoma dissemination. J Pathol 2019; 248:501-513. [PMID: 30957234 DOI: 10.1002/path.5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive brain neoplasia with an elevated recurrence rate after surgical resection. The cyclin D1 (Ccnd1)/Cdk4-retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) axis is frequently altered in GBM, leading to overproliferation by RB1 deletion or by Ccnd1-Cdk4 overactivation. High levels of Ccnd1-Cdk4 also promote GBM cell invasion by mechanisms that are not so well understood. The purpose of this work is to elucidate the in vivo role of cytoplasmic Ccnd1-Cdk4 activity in the dissemination of GBM. We show that Ccnd1 activates the invasion of primary human GBM cells through cytoplasmic RB1-independent mechanisms. By using GBM mouse models, we observed that evaded GBM cells showed cytoplasmic Ccnd1 colocalizing with regulators of cell invasion such as RalA and paxillin. Our genetic data strongly suggest that, in GBM cells, the Ccnd1-Cdk4 complex is acting upstream of those regulators. Accordingly, expression of Ccnd1 induces focal adhesion kinase, RalA and Rac1 activities. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated increased GBM dissemination after expression of membrane-targeted Ccnd1. We conclude that Ccnd1-Cdk4 activity promotes GBM dissemination through cytoplasmic and RB1-independent mechanisms. Therefore, inhibition of Ccnd1-Cdk4 activity may be useful to hinder the dissemination of recurrent GBM. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tània Cemeli
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Vallés
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mireia Nàger
- Calcium Signaling, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Felip
- Oncological Pathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Serafí Cambray
- Vascular and Renal Translational Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
| | - Neus Pedraza
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Oncological Pathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisco Ferrezuelo
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Alberto J Schuhmacher
- Biomedical Research Center of Aragon, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- Calcium Signaling, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eloi Garí
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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21
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Ramon Y Cajal S, Castellvi J, Hümmer S, Peg V, Pelletier J, Sonenberg N. Beyond molecular tumor heterogeneity: protein synthesis takes control. Oncogene 2018; 37:2490-2501. [PMID: 29463861 PMCID: PMC5945578 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the daunting challenges facing modern medicine lies in the understanding and treatment of tumor heterogeneity. Most tumors show intra-tumor heterogeneity at both genomic and proteomic levels, with marked impacts on the responses of therapeutic targets. Therapeutic target-related gene expression pathways are affected by hypoxia and cellular stress. However, the finding that targets such as eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E (and its phosphorylated form, p-eIF4E) are generally homogenously expressed throughout tumors, regardless of the presence of hypoxia or other cellular stress conditions, opens the exciting possibility that malignancies could be treated with therapies that combine targeting of eIF4E phosphorylation with immune checkpoint inhibitors or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ramon Y Cajal
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain. .,Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain. .,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josep Castellvi
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Hümmer
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Peg
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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22
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Implication of 4E-BP1 protein dephosphorylation and accumulation in pancreatic cancer cell death induced by combined gemcitabine and TRAIL. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3204. [PMID: 29233971 PMCID: PMC5870593 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer cells show varying sensitivity to the anticancer effects of gemcitabine. However, as a chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine can cause intolerably high levels of toxicity and patients often develop resistance to the beneficial effects of this drug. Combination studies show that use of gemcitabine with the pro-apoptotic cytokine TRAIL can enhance the inhibition of survival and induction of apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, following combination treatment there is a dramatic increase in the level of the hypophosphorylated form of the tumour suppressor protein 4E-BP1. This is associated with inhibition of mTOR activity, resulting from caspase-mediated cleavage of the Raptor and Rictor components of mTOR. Use of the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK indicates that the increase in level of 4E-BP1 is also caspase-mediated. ShRNA-silencing of 4E-BP1 expression renders cells more resistant to cell death induced by the combination treatment. Since the levels of 4E-BP1 are relatively low in untreated pancreatic cancer cells these results suggest that combined therapy with gemcitabine and TRAIL could improve the responsiveness of tumours to treatment by elevating the expression of 4E-BP1.
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23
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Chu J, Ramon Y Cajal S, Sonenberg N, Pelletier J. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F-sidestepping resistance mechanisms arising from expression heterogeneity. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 48:89-96. [PMID: 29169064 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is enormous diversity in the genetic makeup and gene expression profiles between and within tumors. This heterogeneity leads to phenotypic variation and is a major mechanism of resistance to molecular targeted therapies. Here we describe a conceptual framework for targeting eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4F in cancer-an essential complex that drives and promotes multiple Cancer Hallmarks. The unique nature of eIF4F and its druggability bypasses several of the heterogeneity issues that plague molecular targeted drugs developed for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Santiago Ramon Y Cajal
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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24
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Bell JB, Eckerdt F, Dhruv HD, Finlay D, Peng S, Kim S, Kroczynska B, Beauchamp EM, Alley K, Clymer J, Goldman S, Cheng SY, James CD, Nakano I, Horbinski C, Mazar AP, Vuori K, Kumthekar P, Raizer J, Berens ME, Platanias LC. Differential Response of Glioma Stem Cells to Arsenic Trioxide Therapy Is Regulated by MNK1 and mRNA Translation. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:32-46. [PMID: 29042487 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal (MES) and proneural (PN) are two distinct glioma stem cell (GSC) populations that drive therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). We screened a panel of 650 small molecules against patient-derived GBM cells to discover compounds targeting specific GBM subtypes. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), an FDA-approved drug that crosses the blood-brain barrier, was identified as a potent PN-specific compound in the initial screen and follow-up validation studies. Furthermore, MES and PN GSCs exhibited differential sensitivity to ATO. As ATO has been shown to activate the MAPK-interacting kinase 1 (MNK1)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) pathway and subsequent mRNA translation in a negative regulatory feedback manner, the mechanistic role of ATO resistance in MES GBM was explored. In GBM cells, ATO-activated translation initiation cellular events via the MNK1-eIF4E signaling axis. Furthermore, resistance to ATO in intracranial PDX tumors correlated with high eIF4E phosphorylation. Polysomal fractionation and microarray analysis of GBM cells were performed to identify ATO's effect on mRNA translation and enrichment of anti-apoptotic mRNAs in the ATO-induced translatome was found. Additionally, it was determined that MNK inhibition sensitized MES GSCs to ATO in neurosphere and apoptosis assays. Finally, examination of the effect of ATO on patients from a phase I/II clinical trial of ATO revealed that PN GBM patients responded better to ATO than other subtypes as demonstrated by longer overall and progression-free survival.Implications: These findings raise the possibility of a unique therapeutic approach for GBM, involving MNK1 targeting to sensitize MES GSCs to drugs like arsenic trioxide. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 32-46. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Bell
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frank Eckerdt
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harshil D Dhruv
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Darren Finlay
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Sen Peng
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Seungchan Kim
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas
| | - Barbara Kroczynska
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elspeth M Beauchamp
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kristen Alley
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jessica Clymer
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stewart Goldman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C David James
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew P Mazar
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Developmental Therapeutics Core, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Priya Kumthekar
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey Raizer
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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25
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Ramón Y Cajal S, Capdevila C, Hernandez-Losa J, De Mattos-Arruda L, Ghosh A, Lorent J, Larsson O, Aasen T, Postovit LM, Topisirovic I. Cancer as an ecomolecular disease and a neoplastic consortium. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:484-499. [PMID: 28947238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Current anticancer paradigms largely target driver mutations considered integral for cancer cell survival and tumor progression. Although initially successful, many of these strategies are unable to overcome the tremendous heterogeneity that characterizes advanced tumors, resulting in the emergence of resistant disease. Cancer is a rapidly evolving, multifactorial disease that accumulates numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations. This results in wide phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity within the tumor, the complexity of which is further amplified through specific interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. In this context, cancer may be perceived as an "ecomolecular" disease that involves cooperation between several neoplastic clones and their interactions with immune cells, stromal fibroblasts, and other cell types present in the microenvironment. This collaboration is mediated by a variety of secreted factors. Cancer is therefore analogous to complex ecosystems such as microbial consortia. In the present article, we comment on the current paradigms and perspectives guiding the development of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics and the potential application of systems biology to untangle the complexity of neoplasia. In our opinion, conceptualization of neoplasia as an ecomolecular disease is warranted. Advances in knowledge pertinent to the complexity and dynamics of interactions within the cancer ecosystem are likely to improve understanding of tumor etiology, pathogenesis, and progression. This knowledge is anticipated to facilitate the design of new and more effective therapeutic approaches that target the tumor ecosystem in its entirety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Spain.
| | - Claudia Capdevila
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Hernandez-Losa
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Leticia De Mattos-Arruda
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Lady Davis Institute, JGH, SMBD, Gerald-Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University QC, Montreal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Julie Lorent
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Trond Aasen
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute, JGH, SMBD, Gerald-Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University QC, Montreal H3T 1E2, Canada
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26
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Slattery ML, Trivellas A, Pellatt AJ, Mullany LE, Stevens JR, Wolff RK, Herrick JS. Genetic variants in the TGFβ-signaling pathway influence expression of miRNAs in colon and rectal normal mucosa and tumor tissue. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16765-16783. [PMID: 28061442 PMCID: PMC5370000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β signaling pathway is involved in regulation of cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We test the hypothesis that genetic variation in the TGF-β signaling pathway alters miRNA expression.We use data from 1188 colorectal cancer cases to evaluate associations between 80 SNPs in 21 genes.Seven variants eIF4E rs12498533, NFκB1 rs230510, TGFB1 rs4803455, TGFBR1 rs1571590 and rs6478974, SMAD3 rs3743343, and RUNX1 rs8134179 were associated with expression level of miRNAs in normal colorectal mucosa. RUNX2 rs12333172 and BMPR1B rs13134042 were associated with miRNAs in normal colon mucosa; eIF4EBP3 rs250425, SMAD3 rs12904944, SMAD7 rs3736242, and PTEN rs532678 were associated with miRNA expression in normal rectal mucosa. Evaluation of the differential expression between carcinoma and normal mucosa showed that SMAD3 rs12708491 and rs2414937, NFκB1 rs230510 and rs3821958, and RUNX3 rs6672420 were associated with several miRNAs for colorectal carcinoma. Evaluation of site-specific differential miRNA expression showed that BMPR1B rs2120834, BMPR2 rs2228545, and eIF4EBP3 rs250425 were associated with differential miRNA expression in colon tissue and SMAD3 rs12901071, rs1498506, and rs2414937, BMPR2 rs2228545, and RUNX2 rs2819854, altered differential miRNA expression in rectal tissue.These data support the importance of the TGF-β signaling pathway to the carcinogenic process, possibly through their influence on miRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Slattery
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Lila E Mullany
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John R Stevens
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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27
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Translational control and the cancer cell response to stress. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 45:102-109. [PMID: 28582681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The evidence for the importance of aberrant translation in cancer cells is overwhelming. Reflecting the wealth of data, there are excellent reviews delineating how ribosomes and initiation factors are linked to cancer [1-3], and the therapeutic strategies being devised to target them [4]. Changes in translational efficiency can engender a malignant phenotype without the need for chromatin reorganization, transcription, splicing and mRNA export [5,6]. Thus, cancer-related modulations of the translational machinery are ideally suited to allow cancer cells to respond to the various stresses encountered along the path of tumorigenesis and organism-wide dissemination [7•,8,9,10•]. Emerging findings supporting this notion are the focus of this review.
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28
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Martínez-Sáez E, Peg V, Ortega-Aznar A, Martínez-Ricarte F, Camacho J, Hernández-Losa J, Ferreres Piñas JC, Ramón Y Cajal S. peIF4E as an independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in diffuse infiltrating astrocytomas. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2501-12. [PMID: 27440383 PMCID: PMC5055163 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation in tumors is a complex process requiring accumulation of numerous oncogenic abnormalities. Brain tumors show considerable phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. In a series comprising diffuse infiltrating astrocytomas (DIA) and reactive gliosis, we investigated the main factors associated with signaling pathways. We assessed expression levels and their association with tumor progression and survival. We studied 19 grade II astrocytomas, 25 anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III), 60 glioblastomas (grade IV), and 15 cases of reactive gliosis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), pMAPK, 4E‐BP1, p4E‐BP1, pS6, eIF4E, and peIF4E expression levels were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Expression levels were semiquantitatively evaluated using a histoscore. Immunohistochemistry and PCR were used for IDH1 mutations. Statistical analysis was based on the following tests: chi‐square, Student's t, Pearson correlation, Spearman's rho, and Mann–Whitney; ROC and Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed. A significant increase was observed between grades for expression of total and phosphorylated 4E‐BP1 and for eIF4E, Ki67, EGFR, and cyclin D1. Although expression of EGFR, eIF4E, and Ki67 correlated with survival, only peIF4E was an independent predictor of survival in the multivariate analysis. Combining the evaluation of different proteins enables us to generate helpful diagnostic nomograms. In conclusion, cell signaling pathways are activated in DIAs; peIF4E is an independent prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target. Joint analysis of the expression of 4E‐BP1 and peIF4E could be helpful in the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme in small biopsy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martínez-Sáez
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Morphological Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vicente Peg
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jessica Camacho
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Morphological Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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