|
1
|
An H, Lin B, Huang F, Wang N. Advances in the study of polysaccharides from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:136999. [PMID: 39476924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. (AA), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used clinically to treat inflammation, diabetes, osteoporosis, and tumors. Polysaccharides are the most abundant components in AA, and have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, anti-osteoporosis, and laxative effects. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the structure and pharmacological activity of the polysaccharides from AA (PAAs). This review systematically summarizes the structural characteristics of PAAs, including the monosaccharide compositions, molecular weights, and backbone structures. We discuss the relationship between the structure and pharmacological activities of PAAs. The chemical modification methods of PAAs, including zinc chelation, carboxymethylation, and sulfation, are then reviewed. This review may offer new insights for research on the PAAs and polysaccharides with similar structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan An
- Department of TCM literature, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Bingfeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Feihua Huang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China; Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of TCM literature, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China; Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China; Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Mao Z, Yang L, Lv Y, Chen Y, Zhou M, Fang C, Zhu B, Zhou F, Ding Z. A glucuronogalactomannan isolated from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg: Structure and immunomodulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121922. [PMID: 38494202 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
A novel acidic glucuronogalactomannan (STHP-5) was isolated from the aboveground part of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg with a molecular weight of 3.225 × 105 kDa. Analysis of chain conformation showed STHP-5 was approximately a random coil chain. STHP-5 was composed mainly of galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid. Linkages of glycosides were measured via methylation analysis and verified by NMR. In vitro, STHP-5 induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and secretion of IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells, indicating STHP-5 had stimulatory activity on macrophages. STHP-5 was proven to function as a TLR4 agonist by inducing the secretion of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) in HEK-Blue™-hTLR4 cells. The TLR4 activation capacity was quantitatively measured via EC50, and it showed purified polysaccharides had stronger effects (lower EC50) on activating TLR4 compared with crude polysaccharides. In conclusion, our findings suggest STHP-5 may be a novel immunomodulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zian Mao
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yishan Lv
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yuchi Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Chengnan Fang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Yang SH, Wang XL, Zhang HN, Zhu LF, Qu SH, Zhang MY, Zhang H, Liu PF. Phosphorylation Modification, Structural Characterization, Antioxidant and DNA Protection Capacities of Polysaccharides from Asarum Sieboldii Miq. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301781. [PMID: 38146649 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide from Asarum sieboldii Miq (ASP) was extracted and five phosphorylation polysaccharides with different degree of substitution were obtained, namely ASPP1, ASPP2, ASPP3, ASPP4, and ASPP5 (ASPPs). The physical and chemical structure and biological activities were studied. The results suggested that the carbohydrate and protein content were reduced while uronic acid was increased after phosphorylation modification. The molecular weight of ASPPs was significantly lower than that of ASP. ASPPs were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, fructose, and arabinose. The UV-vis spectrum indicated that the polysaccharides did not contain nucleic acid or protein after modification. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum demonstrated that ASPPs contained characteristic absorption peaks of P=O and P-O-C near 1270 and 980 cm-1 . ASPPs presented a triple helix conformation, but it was not presented in ASP. The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the surface topography and particle structure of ASP were different after modification. Compared with ASP, ASPPs enhanced the activity to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals and possessed more protective ability to DNA oxidation caused by OH⋅, GS⋅, and AAPH free radicals. These results suggest that chemical modification is beneficial for the exploitation and utilization of natural polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-He Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China, 450046
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China, 450046
| | - Hao-Nan Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China, 450046
| | - Li-Fei Zhu
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China, 450046
| | - Shu-Hao Qu
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China, 450046
| | - Ming-Yue Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China, 450046
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China, 450046
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University/Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China, 450046
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Wang B, Lin Y, Zhou M, Fu S, Zhu B, Chen Y, Ding Z, Zhou F. Polysaccharides from Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating TLR4/COX-2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
|
5
|
Chen H, Zhou Y, Xue J, Yuan J, Cai Z, Wu N, Zou L, Yin S, Yang W, Liu X, Cheng J, Tang L. Quality Evaluation of Tetrastigmae Radix from Two Different Habitats Based on Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Bioactive Constituents Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:4813. [PMID: 35956760 PMCID: PMC9369617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigmae Radix, also known as Sanyeqing (SYQ) in Chinese, is an important traditional Chinese medicine with a long history. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg mainly grows in the south of the Yangtze River and is widely distributed. The content of bioactive constituents in SYQ varies greatly in different habitats, and there are obvious differences in the content of bioactive constituents between southwestern SYQ (WS) and southeastern SYQ (ES). To distinguish and evaluate the quality of ES and WS, an analytical method based on ultrafast performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of 60 constituents including 25 flavonoids, 9 phenolic acids, 15 amino acids, and 11 nucleosides in 47 samples from ES and WS. In addition, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), t-test, and gray correlation analysis (GRA) were used to discriminate and evaluate the ES and WS samples based on the contents of 60 constituents. The results showed that there were significant differences in the bioactive constituents between ES and WS, and ES was superior to WS in terms of quality evaluation. This study not only provides basic information for differentiating ES and WS but also provides a new perspective for the comprehensive evaluation and quality control of SYQ from two different habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Yongyi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Jia Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Jiahuan Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Zhichen Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Nan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Lisi Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Shengxin Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Xunhong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianming Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (N.W.); (S.Y.); (W.Y.); (J.C.); (L.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Wang X, Xiu W, Han Y, Xie J, Zhang K, Zhou K, Ma Y. Structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide from sweet corncob that inhibits glycosylase in STZ-induced diabetic rats : Structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:413-427. [PMID: 35386020 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we extracted a polysaccharide from sweet corncob and evaluated its hypoglycemic function. After collection in water, alcohol precipitation, and purification by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 columns, we obtained a polysaccharide (SCP50) that was composed primarily of mannose and glucose (9.73:190.27), with a molecular weight of 9280.33 Da. We demonstrated that SCP50 exhibited significant inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, with an IC50 of 4.866 mg/mL, Km of 1.297 × 10-3, and Vmax of 0.076 mol/L·min-1 in vitro. We also observed that SCP50 markedly attenuated disaccharidase (maltase, sucrase, and lactase) activity in a rat model of T2DM. We conclude that SCP50 exerts a hypoglycemic effect via inhibition of intestinal glycosylase. These results thus provide new insight into the hypoglycemic action underlying sweet corncob polysaccharide's effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cereal and Comprehensive Processing of Cereal Resources, School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China.
| | - Weiye Xiu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cereal and Comprehensive Processing of Cereal Resources, School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Ye Han
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cereal and Comprehensive Processing of Cereal Resources, School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Jingnan Xie
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cereal and Comprehensive Processing of Cereal Resources, School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Kechi Zhou
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cereal and Comprehensive Processing of Cereal Resources, School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Zhang L, Li B, Wang M, Lin H, Peng Y, Zhou X, Peng C, Zhan J, Wang W. Genus Tetrastigma: A review of its folk uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:210-233. [PMID: 36117671 PMCID: PMC9476684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Tetrastigma belongs to the Vitaceae family and contains over 100 species. This paper reviewed folk uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and clinical applications of the medicinal plants in the genus Tetrastigma. In addition, the paper also discussed the current problems for the further studies. Up to now, more than 240 compounds were reported from the genus Tetrastigma, covering 74 flavonoids, 14 terpenoids, 19 steroids, 21 phenylpropanoids, 14 alkaloids and others constituents. Among them, flavonoids are the major and the characteristic chemical constituents in this genus. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practice showed that the extracts and chemical constituents of Tetrastigma species possessed wide pharmacological activities including antitumor, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. The information summarized in this paper provides valuable clues for new drug discovery and an incentive to expand the research of genus Tetrastigma.
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Hu W, Zheng Y, Xia P, Liang Z. The research progresses and future prospects of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg: A valuable Chinese herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113836. [PMID: 33465440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, known as Sanyeqing in China, was an extensively used folk Chinese herbal medicine. This plant had been validated to be highly effective for treating high fever, pneumonia, hepatitis, gastritis, cervicitis, lymphatic tuberculosis, septicemia, and viral meningitis. AIM OF THE REVIEW As a review in T. hemsleyanum, this article aims to provide a critical and comprehensive evaluation for future research as well as the development of new drugs. The possible uses and future research directions of this plant were also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted on different scientific search engines, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. Additional information was obtained from classic books about Chinese herbal medicine and scientific databases. RESULTS T. hemsleyanum was a perennial herb climbing vine, which was mainly based on field cultivation. About 150 chemical compounds have been isolated from T. hemsleyanum, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, steroids, and organic acids. Studies on the physiological aspects of T. hemsleyanum have been focused on the effects of light and fertilizer on their growth, and few other studies have been conducted. The plant had widespread pharmacological effects on the immune system, as well as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic. CONCLUSIONS T. hemsleyanum was a valuable traditional Chinese medical herb with pharmacological activities that mainly affected the immune system. This review summarized its botanical description, cultivation techniques, physiology, ethnopharmacology, chemical components, and pharmacological functions. This information suggested that we should focus on the development of new drugs related to T. hemsleyanum. Meanwhile, it was important to emphasize the traditional use of T. hemsleyanum, avoiding over-harvesting that exerted a great impact on resource scarcity. And developing its new clinical usage and comprehensive utilize would augment the therapeutic potentials of T. hemsleyanum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Pengguo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Ding M, Wang G, Yuan P, He S, Shao T, Liu C, Kong X. [Research progress in the role and mechanism of polysaccharides in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:471-475. [PMID: 33849842 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.03.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are a group of compounds composed of multiple monosaccharides of the same or different structures combined by glycosidic bonds, and are widely found in animals and plants and in the cell walls of microorganisms. Polysaccharides possess the advantages of high safety and low toxicity. Recent studies revealed that polysaccharides have a wide range of biological activities including immunoregulation, anti-tumor, antiviral, antioxidant activities, and blood glucose-and lipid- lowering effects. The effects of polysaccharides in improving insulin sensitivity and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism have drawn much attention from researchers. Many polysaccharides can reduce blood glucose and blood lipid by repairing pancreatic islet cells, improving insulin resistance, regulating intestinal flora, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and regulating the activities of key enzymes in glucose and lipid metabolism. This reviews examines the role and mechanism of polysaccharides in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. The mechanisms of polysaccharide in regulating glucose metabolism include repairing islet cells and increasing insulin content, increasing insulin sensitivity and improving insulin resistance, regulating the activity of key enzymes in glucose metabolism, increasing synthesis of liver glycogen, and regulating intestinal flora. Polysaccharides can also regulate glucose metabolism by improving immune regulation and antagonizing glucagon. Polysaccharide also regulate lipid metabolism by regulating lipid absorption, expression of the related genes such as PPAR-α, enzyme activities in lipid metabolism, improving antioxidant capacity, and modulating intestinal flora and signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - G Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - P Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - S He
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - T Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - C Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - X Kong
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Yijishan Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Ji T, Ji WW, Wang J, Chen HJ, Peng X, Cheng KJ, Qiu D, Yang WJ. A comprehensive review on traditional uses, chemical compositions, pharmacology properties and toxicology of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113247. [PMID: 32800929 PMCID: PMC7422820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T.hemsleyanum), a rare herbal plant distributed in subtropical areas of mainland China, has become a focus of scientific attention in recent years because of its high traditional value, including uses for treatment of children with fever, pneumonia, asthma, rheumatism, hepatitis, menstrual disorders, scrofula, and pharynx pain. AIM This systematic review aims to provide an insightful understanding of traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacological effect and clinical application of T. hemsleyanum, and lay a foundation for the further study and for the utilization of T. hemsleyanum resource. MATERIALS AND METHODS A domestic and overseas literature search in known databases was conducted for published articles using the relevant keywords. RESULTS One hundred and forty-two chemical constituents identified from T. hemsleyanum have been reported, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharide, organic acids, fatty acids, terpenoids, steroids, amino acid and others. Among these components, flavonoids and polysaccharides were the representative active ingredients of T. hemsleyanum, which have been widely investigated. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that these components exhibited various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antivirus, antitumor, antipyretic, anti-hepatic injury, immunomodulatory, antibacterial etc. Moreover, different toxicological studies indicated that the clinical dosage of T. hemsleyanum was safe and reliable. CONCLUSIONS Modern pharmacological studies have well supported and clarified some traditional uses, and T. hemsleyanum has a good prospect for the development of new drugs due to these outstanding properties. However, the present findings did not provide an in-depth evaluation of bioactivity of the extracts, the composition of its active extracts was not clear. Moreover, they were insufficient to satisfactorily explain some mechanisms of action. Data regarding many aspects of T. hemsleyanum, such as links between the traditional uses and bioactivities, pharmacokinetics, quality control standard and the clinical value of active compositions is still limited which need more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei Ji
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang Chen
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Jun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Qiu
- Feng Hua Institute of Science and Technology, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jie Yang
- Feng Hua Institute of Science and Technology, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Ganoderma leucocontextum fruiting bodies. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
|
12
|
Chen X, Weng M, Lan M, Weng Z, Wang J, Guo L, Lin Z, Qiu B. Superior antibacterial activity of sulfur-doped g-C 3N 4 nanosheets dispersed by Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg's polysaccharides-3 solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:453-463. [PMID: 33275975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance has become a serious global health issue over the past decades due to the misuse and abuse of antibiotics. The development of effective antibacterial drugs with a new antibacterial mechanism is thus very critical. At present, there are many reports on the antibacterial properties and mechanisms of two-dimensional materials. Currently, the modification of g-C3N4 materials, as widely used two-dimensional materials, has become a key step in extending their potential applications in the field of antimicrobial therapy. In the present work, we prepared sulfur-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets (SCNNSs), which have good water dispersibility and sharp tips. The electrostatic interaction of SCNNSs with Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg's polysaccharide-3 (THDG-3) provides a new strategy that can improve the killing efficiency of SCNNSs. In addition, THDG-3 can rapidly inhibit bacterial proliferation in the early stage of administration. Combined with the antibacterial activity of the SCNNSs, TPS/SCNNSs can inhibit bacteria for a long time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) after administration of the materials revealed that the bacterial cells were ruptured and their intracellular contents were completely separated from the cell membrane. Therefore, we speculate that the bactericidal mechanism of the TPS/SCNNSs probably involves cell membrane damage. In summary, TPS/SCNNSs achieve fast, long-term, dual-function bacteriostatic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Mingfeng Weng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Maojin Lan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Zuquan Weng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China.
| | - Longhua Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Zhu R, Xu X, Ying J, Cao G, Wu X. The Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg in China: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:550497. [PMID: 33101019 PMCID: PMC7546407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.550497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg (TDG), the family member of Vitaceae, is a traditional herbal medicine in China. The root of TDG can be immediately used after cleaning the muddy soil, and can be dehydrated for dry use. TDG is able to be collected all year round, which is commonly used in the treatment of hepatitis, infantile high fever, snake bite, etc. Based on phytochemistry, the chemical components of TDG are divided into flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, steroids, polysaccharide, and other compounds, showing many pharmacological effects which include anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and immunomodulatory activity, as well as other activities. Currently, TDG involves some problems of the reduction of wild resources, the backward processing methods, and storage difficulties as well as the imperfection of detection methods. Therefore, this review summarizes the literature of the past 20 years, and the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent researches on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and clinical application of TDG. The above discussions provide new insights for the future research on TDG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Zheng T, Gu D, Wang X, Shen X, Yan L, Zhang W, Pu Y, Ge C, Fan J. Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from Leccinum crocipodium (Letellier.) Watliag. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:647-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
|
15
|
Furman BL, Candasamy M, Bhattamisra SK, Veettil SK. Reduction of blood glucose by plant extracts and their use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus; discrepancies in effectiveness between animal and human studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112264. [PMID: 31600561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The global problem of diabetes, together with the limited access of large numbers of patients to conventional antidiabetic medicines, continues to drive the search for new agents. Ancient Asian systems such as traditional Chinese medicine, Japanese Kampo medicine, and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, as well as African traditional medicine and many others have identified numerous plants reported anecdotally to treat diabetes; there are probably more than 800 such plants for which there is scientific evidence for their activity, mostly from studies using various models of diabetes in experimental animals. AIM OF THE REVIEW Rather than a comprehensive coverage of the literature, this article aims to identify discrepancies between findings in animal and human studies, and to highlight some of the problems in developing plant extract-based medicines that lower blood glucose in patients with diabetes, as well as to suggest potential ways forward. METHODS In addition to searching the 2018 PubMed literature using the terms 'extract AND blood glucose, a search of the whole literature was conducted using the terms 'plant extracts' AND 'blood glucose' AND 'diabetes' AND 'double blind' with 'clinical trials' as a filter. A third search using PubMed and Medline was undertaken for systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose/glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with relevant metabolic pathologies. FINDINGS Despite numerous animal studies demonstrating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose, few randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted to confirm efficacy in treating humans with diabetes; there have been only a small number of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of clinical studies. Qualitative and quantitative discrepancies between animal and human clinical studies in some cases were marked; the factors contributing to this included variations in the products among different studies, the doses used, differences between animal models and the human disease, and the impact of concomitant therapy in patients, as well as differences in the duration of treatment, and the fact that treatment in animals may begin before or very soon after the induction of diabetes. CONCLUSION The potential afforded by natural products has not yet been realised in the context of treating diabetes mellitus. A systematic, coordinated, international effort is required to achieve the goal of providing anti-diabetic treatments derived from medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Furman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street Glasgow, G4 ORE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sajesh K Veettil
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Chu Q, Jia R, Chen M, Li Y, Yu X, Wang Y, Chen W, Ye X, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Zheng X. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum tubers polysaccharide ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:611-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
|
17
|
Xu HL, Xu W, Su WC, Fang YN, Xu W, Wei YC, Chen M, Fan SM, Zhuang JX. Study on the correlation between genetic and chemical diversity of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum on the basis of ISSR and UHPLC. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
|
18
|
Optimization of Degradation Conditions with PRG, a Polysaccharide from Phellinus ribis, by RSM and the Neuroprotective Activity in PC12 Cells Damaged by Aβ 25-35. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24163010. [PMID: 31434196 PMCID: PMC6720797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the previous work, we found PRG, a polysaccharide from Phellinus ribis, exhibited neurotrophic activity. To obtain an active structural unit with lower molecular weight, PRG was degraded to prepare the degraded PRG (DPRG) using ascorbic acid and H2O2. The aim of the paper was to obtain DPRG by optimizing the degradation conditions using response surface methodology (RSM) and to study its protective effects of PC12 cells induced by Aβ25–35. The optimum conditions were as follows; the concentration of H2O2-Vc was 17 mM and degradation temperature was 50 °C; when degradation time was 1.6 h, the experimental response value of PC12 cell viability was 83.4 ± 0.15%, which was in accordance with the predicted value (83.5%). We also studied the protective effects of DPRG against the Aβ25–35-induced neurotoxicity and explored the underlying mechanism. The results showed that treatment with DPRG could attenuate PC12 cells death. The mechanism was relative to the inhibition of cell apoptosis by increasing the MMP level and decreasing the protein expression of cytochrome C (Cytc) in PC12 cells. In conclusion, DPRG with lower molecular weight was obtained successfully. It possessed neuroprotective properties and might be a candidate for neurodegenerative disease treatment.
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Ru Y, Chen X, Wang J, Guo L, Lin Z, Peng X, Qiu B. Polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg: Extraction optimization, structural characterizations, antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities in hyperlipidemic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:1033-1041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
|
20
|
Ru Y, Chen X, Wang J, Guo L, Lin Z, Peng X, Qiu B, Wong WL. Structural characterization, hypoglycemic effects and mechanism of a novel polysaccharide from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:775-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
|
21
|
He B, Li J, Zhang Y, Jiao L, Olatunji O. Preventive effect of crude polysaccharide extract from chinese wolfberry against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_164_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|