1
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Maruthachalam BV, Barreto K, Hogan D, Kusalik A, Geyer CR. Generation of synthetic antibody fragments with optimal complementarity determining region lengths for Notch-1 recognition. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:931307. [PMID: 35992693 PMCID: PMC9381698 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.931307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic antibodies have been engineered against a wide variety of antigens with desirable biophysical, biochemical, and pharmacological properties. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of synthetic antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) against Notch-1. Three single-framework synthetic Fab libraries, named S, F, and modified-F, were screened against the recombinant human Notch-1 extracellular domain using phage display. These libraries were built on a modified trastuzumab framework, containing two or four diversified complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) and different CDR diversity designs. In total, 12 Notch-1 Fabs were generated with 10 different CDRH3 lengths. These Fabs possessed a high affinity for Notch-1 (sub-nM to mid-nM KDapp values) and exhibited different binding profiles (mono-, bi-or tri-specific) toward Notch/Jagged receptors. Importantly, we showed that screening focused diversity libraries, implementing next-generation sequencing approaches, and fine-tuning the CDR length diversity provided improved binding solutions for Notch-1 recognition. These findings have implications for antibody library design and antibody phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Clarence Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Clarence Ronald Geyer,
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2
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Vander Mause ER, Atanackovic D, Lim CS, Luetkens T. Roadmap to affinity-tuned antibodies for enhanced chimeric antigen receptor T cell function and selectivity. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:875-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3
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Kelow SP, Adolf-Bryfogle J, Dunbrack RL. Hiding in plain sight: structure and sequence analysis reveals the importance of the antibody DE loop for antibody-antigen binding. MAbs 2021; 12:1840005. [PMID: 33180672 PMCID: PMC7671036 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1840005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody variable domains contain “complementarity-determining regions” (CDRs), the loops that form the antigen binding site. CDRs1-3 are recognized as the canonical CDRs. However, a fourth loop sits adjacent to CDR1 and CDR2 and joins the D and E strands on the antibody v-type fold. This “DE loop” is usually treated as a framework region, even though mutations in the loop affect the conformation of the CDRs and residues in the DE loop occasionally contact antigen. We analyzed the length, structure, and sequence features of all DE loops in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), as well as millions of sequences from HIV-1 infected and naïve patients. We refer to the DE loop as H4 and L4 in the heavy and light chains, respectively. Clustering the backbone conformations of the most common length of L4 (6 residues) reveals four conformations: two κ-only clusters, one λ-only cluster, and one mixed κ/λ cluster. Most H4 loops are length-8 and exist primarily in one conformation; a secondary conformation represents a small fraction of H4-8 structures. H4 sequence variability exceeds that of the antibody framework in naïve human high-throughput sequences, and both L4 and H4 sequence variability from λ and heavy germline sequences exceed that of germline framework regions. Finally, we identified dozens of structures in the PDB with insertions in the DE loop, all related to broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNabs), as well as antibody sequences from high-throughput sequencing studies of HIV-infected individuals, illuminating a possible role in humoral immunity to HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Kelow
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jared Adolf-Bryfogle
- Protein Design Lab, Institute for Protein Innovation , Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland L Dunbrack
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Azevedo Reis Teixeira A, Erasmus MF, D’Angelo S, Naranjo L, Ferrara F, Leal-Lopes C, Durrant O, Galmiche C, Morelli A, Scott-Tucker A, Bradbury ARM. Drug-like antibodies with high affinity, diversity and developability directly from next-generation antibody libraries. MAbs 2021; 13:1980942. [PMID: 34850665 PMCID: PMC8654478 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1980942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies must have "drug-like" properties. These include high affinity and specificity for the intended target, biological activity, and additional characteristics now known as "developability properties": long-term stability and resistance to aggregation when in solution, thermodynamic stability to prevent unfolding, high expression yields to facilitate manufacturing, low self-interaction, among others. Sequence-based liabilities may affect one or more of these characteristics. Improving the stability and developability of a lead antibody is typically achieved by modifying its sequence, a time-consuming process that often results in reduced affinity. Here we present a new antibody library format that yields high-affinity binders with drug-like developability properties directly from initial selections, reducing the need for further engineering or affinity maturation. The innovative semi-synthetic design involves grafting natural complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) from human antibodies into scaffolds based on well-behaved clinical antibodies. HCDR3s were amplified directly from B cells, while the remaining CDRs, from which all sequence liabilities had been purged, were replicated from a large next-generation sequencing dataset. By combining two in vitro display techniques, phage and yeast display, we were able to routinely recover a large number of unique, highly developable antibodies against clinically relevant targets with affinities in the subnanomolar to low nanomolar range. We anticipate that the designs and approaches presented here will accelerate the drug development process by reducing the failure rate of leads due to poor antibody affinities and developability.Abbreviations: AC-SINS: affinity-capture self-interaction nanoparticle spectroscopy; CDR: complementarity-determining region; CQA: critical quality attribute; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunoassay; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; Fv: fragment variable; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HCDR3: heavy chain CDR3; IFN2a: interferon α-2; IL6: interleukin-6; MACS: magnetic-activated cell sorting; NGS: next generation sequencing; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; SEC: size-exclusion chromatography; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; TGFβ-R2: transforming growth factor β-R2; VH: variable heavy; VK: variable kappa; VL: variable light; Vl: variable lambda.
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5
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Zeng X, Li L, Lin J, Li X, Liu B, Kong Y, Zeng S, Du J, Xiao H, Zhang T, Zhang S, Liu J. Isolation of a human monoclonal antibody specific for the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 using a competitive phage biopanning strategy. Antib Ther 2020; 3:95-100. [PMID: 33912790 PMCID: PMC7197610 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The infection of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 200 000 deaths, but no vaccine or therapeutic monoclonal antibody is currently available. SARS-CoV-2 relies on its spike protein, in particular the receptor-binding domain (RBD), to bind human cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for viral entry, and thus targeting RBD holds the promise for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this work, a competitive biopanning strategy of a phage display antibody library was applied to screen blocking antibodies against RBD. High-affinity antibodies were enriched after the first round using a standard panning process in which RBD-His was immobilized as a bait. At the next two rounds, immobilized ACE2-Fc and free RBD-His were mixed with the enriched phage antibodies. Antibodies binding to RBD at epitopes different from ACE2-binding site were captured by the immobilized ACE2-Fc, forming a “sandwich” complex. Only antibodies competed with ACE2 can bind to the free RBD-His in the supernatant and be subsequently separated by the nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid magnetic beads. rRBD-15 from the competitive biopanning of our synthetic antibody library, Lib AB1, was produced as the full-length IgG1 format. It was proved to competitively block the binding of RBD to ACE2 and potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection with IC50 values of 12 nM. Nevertheless, rRBD-16 from the standard biopanning can only bind to RBD in vitro, but not have the blocking or neutralization activity. Our strategy can efficiently isolate the blocking antibodies of RBD, and it would speed up the discovery of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China 610500.,ABLINK Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China 610093
| | - Lingfang Li
- ABLINK Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China 610093
| | - Jing Lin
- ABLINK Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China 610093
| | - Xinlei Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China 610500.,ABLINK Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China 610093
| | - Bin Liu
- ABLINK Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China 610093
| | - Yang Kong
- ABLINK Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China 610093
| | - Shunze Zeng
- ABLINK Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China 610093
| | - Jianhua Du
- ABLINK Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China 610093
| | | | - Tao Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China 610500
| | - Shelin Zhang
- Kezhi People's Air-Defense Equipment Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China 610093
| | - Jianghai Liu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China 610500.,ABLINK Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China 610093
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6
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Wei W, Rosenkrans ZT, Liu J, Huang G, Luo QY, Cai W. ImmunoPET: Concept, Design, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3787-3851. [PMID: 32202104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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7
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Barreto K, Maruthachalam BV, Hill W, Hogan D, Sutherland AR, Kusalik A, Fonge H, DeCoteau JF, Geyer CR. Next-generation sequencing-guided identification and reconstruction of antibody CDR combinations from phage selection outputs. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e50. [PMID: 30854567 PMCID: PMC6511873 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been employed in several phage display platforms for analyzing natural and synthetic antibody sequences and for identifying and reconstructing single-chain variable fragments (scFv) and antigen-binding fragments (Fab) not found by conventional ELISA screens. In this work, we developed an NGS-assisted antibody discovery platform by integrating phage-displayed, single-framework, synthetic Fab libraries. Due to limitations in attainable read and amplicon lengths, NGS analysis of Fab libraries and selection outputs is usually restricted to either VH or VL. Since this information alone is not sufficient for high-throughput reconstruction of Fabs, we developed a rapid and simple method for linking and sequencing all diversified CDRs in phage Fab pools. Our method resulted in a reliable and straightforward platform for converting NGS information into Fab clones. We used our NGS-assisted Fab reconstruction method to recover low-frequency rare clones from phage selection outputs. While previous studies chose rare clones for rescue based on their relative frequencies in sequencing outputs, we chose rare clones for reconstruction from less-frequent CDRH3 lengths. In some cases, reconstructed rare clones (frequency ∼0.1%) showed higher affinity and better specificity than high-frequency top clones identified by Sanger sequencing, highlighting the significance of NGS-based approaches in synthetic antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ashley R Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - John F DeCoteau
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - C Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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8
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Liu B, Long S, Liu J. Improving the mutagenesis efficiency of the Kunkel method by codon optimization and annealing temperature adjustment. N Biotechnol 2019; 56:46-53. [PMID: 31726223 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Kunkel method is a widely used site-directed mutagenesis strategy that introduces point mutations by annealing mutation-containing oligonucleotides to single-stranded uracil-containing DNA (dU-ssDNA) templates. The method is fast and inexpensive and has been routinely employed to generate point mutations and multi-site mutations. However, its efficiency for point mutations is highly variable. In this work, codons in both DNA templates and mutagenic oligonucleotides were optimized to lower the GC percentage (GC%) of the complementary regions, and the oligonucleotide length was also extended to reduce the GC difference between upstream and downstream regions. These modifications largely increased the mutation efficiency of single-site mutagenesis. In addition, a multi-stage cooling programme was developed in the annealing step specifically for multi-site mutagenesis, which increased the simultaneous mutation efficiency. The modifications will help in generating antibody libraries by effectively randomizing multiple CDRs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Jianghai Liu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
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9
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Pastushok L, Fu Y, Lin L, Luo Y, DeCoteau JF, Lee K, Geyer CR. A Novel Cell-Penetrating Antibody Fragment Inhibits the DNA Repair Protein RAD51. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11227. [PMID: 31375703 PMCID: PMC6677837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damaging chemotherapies are successful in cancer therapy, however, the damage can be reversed by DNA repair mechanisms that may be up-regulated in cancer cells. We hypothesized that inhibiting RAD51, a protein involved in homologous recombination DNA repair, would block DNA repair and restore the effectiveness of DNA damaging chemotherapy. We used phage-display to generate a novel synthetic antibody fragment that bound human RAD51 with high affinity (KD = 8.1 nM) and inhibited RAD51 ssDNA binding in vitro. As RAD51 is an intracellular target, we created a corresponding intrabody fragment that caused a strong growth inhibitory phenotype on human cells in culture. We then used a novel cell-penetrating peptide "iPTD" fusion to generate a therapeutically relevant antibody fragment that effectively entered living cells and enhanced the cell-killing effect of a DNA alkylating agent. The iPTD may be similarly useful as a cell-penetrating peptide for other antibody fragments and open the door to numerous intracellular targets previously off-limits in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon Pastushok
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Advanced Diagnostics Research Lab, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Yongpeng Fu
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Leo Lin
- iProgen Biotech Inc., Burnaby, Canada
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - John F DeCoteau
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Advanced Diagnostics Research Lab, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ken Lee
- iProgen Biotech Inc., Burnaby, Canada
| | - C Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. .,Advanced Diagnostics Research Lab, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Canada.
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10
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El-Sayed A, Bernhard W, Barreto K, Gonzalez C, Hill W, Pastushok L, Fonge H, Geyer CR. Evaluation of antibody fragment properties for near-infrared fluorescence imaging of HER3-positive cancer xenografts. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:4856-4869. [PMID: 30279742 PMCID: PMC6160764 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging is influenced by the half-life, tissue penetration, biodistribution, and affinity of the imaging probe. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is composed of discrete domains with known functions, providing a template for engineering antibody fragments with desired imaging properties. Here, we engineered antibody-based imaging probes, consisting of different combinations of antibody domains, labeled them with the near-infrared fluorescent dye IRDye800CW, and evaluated their in vivo imaging properties. Antibody-based imaging probes were based on an anti-HER3 antigen binding fragment (Fab) isolated using phage display. Methods: We constructed six anti-HER3 antibody-based imaging probes: a single chain variable fragment (scFv), Fab, diabody, scFv-CH3, scFv-Fc, and IgG. IRDye800CW-labeled, antibody-based probes were injected into nude mice bearing FaDu xenografts and their distribution to the xenograft, liver, and kidneys was evaluated. Results: These imaging probes bound to recombinant HER3 and to the HER3-positive cell line, FaDu. Small antibody fragments with molecular weight <60 kDa (scFv, diabody, and Fab) accumulated rapidly in the xenograft (maximum accumulation between 2-4 h post injection (hpi)) and cleared primarily through the kidneys. scFv-CH3 (80 kDa) had fast clearance and peaked in the xenograft between 2-3 hpi and cleared from xenograft in a rate comparable to Fab and diabody. IgG and scFv-Fc persisted in the xenografts for up to 72 hpi and distributed mainly to the xenograft and liver. The highest xenograft fluorescence signals were observed with IgG and scFv-Fc imaging probes and persisted for 2-3 days. Conclusion: These results highlight the utility of using antibody fragments to optimize clearance, tumor labeling, and biodistribution properties for developing anti-HER3 probes for image-guided surgery or PET imaging.
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11
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Site-Specific Fluorescent Labeling of Antibodies and Diabodies Using SpyTag/SpyCatcher System for In Vivo Optical Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 21:54-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Alam MK, Gonzalez C, Hill W, El-Sayed A, Fonge H, Barreto K, Geyer CR. Synthetic Modular Antibody Construction by Using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher Protein-Ligase System. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2217-2221. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Kausar Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Ayman El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Medical Imaging; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - C. Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
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