1
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Liu Y, Zhou K, Zhou X, Xue W, Bi Z, Wu H, Ma Z, Ma W. Strengthening the Intermolecular Interaction of Prototypical Semicrystalline Conjugated Polymer Enables Improved Photocurrent Generation at the Heterojunction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100871. [PMID: 35075733 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The molecular packing structure of conjugated polymers are crucial in determining their optoelectronic properties. The intra and intermolecular interactions (J- and H-type aggregation) in the conjugated polymer films were found to readily facilitate the electron and hole transport, respectively. However, how those different aggregation types influence the photocurrent generation process at the heterojunction is still mysterious, especially for the newly developed semicrystalline conjugated polymers. Here, the prototypical copolymer PM6 is used as a model semicrystalline polymer to tune the relative content of aggregation types with various halogen-free processing solvents. Various measurements reveal that the toluene-processed PM6 film exhibits the increased H-aggregates and crystallinity in the π-π stacking direction compared to its o-Xylene- and trimethylbenzene (TMB)-processed counterparts. This is partly resulted from the weak steric effect and good solubility in the PM6 solution prepared with toluene bearing small molar volume, which strengthens the intermolecular interaction of adjacent polymer segments. After analyzing the photovoltaic properties of the different PM6/Y6 bilayer devices, the faster charge carrier transport, smaller charge recombination, lower energy losses and interfacial energetic disorder can be observed in the toluene-processed device, leading to the synergistically improved short-circuit current density (JSC ) and open-circuit voltage (VOC ). Our findings indicate that the control of the molecular packing structure in terms of aggregation types is a powerful strategy to promote the photocurrent generation process at the conjugated polymer-based heterojunction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wenyue Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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2
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Yang J, Yang L, Chen Q, Guo K, Han JM. Synthesis and characterization of an electron-deficient conjugated polymer based on pyridine-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00779c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a pyridine-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole monomer and all-acceptor conjugated polymers synthesized therefrom. Photophysical, thermal and electrochemical properties of the polymers have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Keke Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ji-Min Han
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
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3
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Feriancová L, Cigáň M, Gmucová K, Kožíšek J, Nádaždy V, Putala M. Effect of electron-withdrawing groups on molecular properties of naphthyl and anthryl bithiophenes as potential n-type semiconductors. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This comparative study on a series of 2-naphthyl and 2-anthrylbithiophene derivatives identified nitro and dicyanovinyl as the most effective acceptor groups. While the former group leads to high fluorescence, the latter causes high solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Feriancová
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- 842 15 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Marek Cigáň
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- 842 15 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Katarína Gmucová
- Institute of Physics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 11 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kožíšek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Slovak University of Technology
- 812 37 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Vojtech Nádaždy
- Institute of Physics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 11 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Martin Putala
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- 842 15 Bratislava
- Slovakia
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4
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Arrechea-Marcos I, de Echegaray P, Mancheño MJ, Ruiz Delgado MC, Ramos MM, Quintana JA, Villalvilla JM, Díaz-García MA, López Navarrete JT, Ponce Ortiz R, Segura JL. Molecular aggregation of naphthalimide organic semiconductors assisted by amphiphilic and lipophilic interactions: a joint theoretical and experimental study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:6206-6215. [PMID: 28230216 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06819g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic and lipophilic donor-acceptor naphthalimide-oligothiophene assemblies exhibiting almost identical intramolecular properties, but differing in their intermolecular interactions, have been synthesized. Here we analyze the effect of replacing the normally used lipophilic alkyl chains with hydrophilic ones in directing molecular aggregation from an antiparallel to a parallel stacking. This different molecular packing of the amphiphilic, NIP-3TAmphi, and lipophilic, NIP-3TLipo, systems is assessed by electronic spectroscopies, scanning electronic microscopy and DFT quantum-chemical calculations. Theoretical calculations indicate that the presence of amphiphilic interactions promotes a face-to-face parallel arrangement of neighbor molecules, which induces improved electronic coupling and therefore enhances the charge transport ability and photoconducting properties of this type of materials. Time of flight and photoconducting measurements are used to determine the impact of the amphiphilic and lipophilic interactions on their possible performance in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Arrechea-Marcos
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
| | - P de Echegaray
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. and Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - M J Mancheño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M C Ruiz Delgado
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
| | - M M Ramos
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - J A Quintana
- Dpto. Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante y Unidad Asociada UA-CSIC, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - J M Villalvilla
- Dpto. Física Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante y Unidad Asociada UA-CSIC, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - M A Díaz-García
- Dpto. Física Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante y Unidad Asociada UA-CSIC, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - J T López Navarrete
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
| | - R Ponce Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
| | - J L Segura
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Jones AL, Gish MK, Zeman CJ, Papanikolas JM, Schanze KS. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Naphthalene Diimide End-Capped Thiophene Oligomers. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9579-9588. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin L. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Melissa K. Gish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Charles J. Zeman
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Way, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
- Key
Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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6
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Aksakal NE, Bayar M, Dumrul H, Atilla D, Chumakov Y, Yuksel F. Structural and Optical Properties of New Naphthalene and Perylene Imide Imidazoles. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2017.1327871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Esra Aksakal
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Bayar
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hakan Dumrul
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Sirnak University, Sirnak, Turkey
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yurii Chumakov
- Department of Physics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yuksel
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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7
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Ozdemir R, Choi D, Ozdemir M, Kim H, Kostakoğlu ST, Erkartal M, Kim H, Kim C, Usta H. A Solution-Processable Liquid-Crystalline Semiconductor for Low-Temperature-Annealed Air-Stable N-Channel Field-Effect Transistors. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:850-861. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Resul Ozdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering; Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri 38080 Turkey
| | - Donghee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Sogang University, Mapo-gu; Seoul 04107 Korea
| | - Mehmet Ozdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering; Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri 38080 Turkey
| | - Hyekyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Sogang University, Mapo-gu; Seoul 04107 Korea
| | | | - Mustafa Erkartal
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering; Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri 38080 Turkey
| | - Hyungsug Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Sogang University, Mapo-gu; Seoul 04107 Korea
| | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Sogang University, Mapo-gu; Seoul 04107 Korea
| | - Hakan Usta
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering; Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri 38080 Turkey
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8
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de Echegaray P, Mancheño MJ, Arrechea-Marcos I, Juárez R, López-Espejo G, López Navarrete JT, Ramos MM, Seoane C, Ortiz RP, Segura JL. Synthesis of Perylene Imide Diones as Platforms for the Development of Pyrazine Based Organic Semiconductors. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11256-11267. [PMID: 27791365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a great interest in peryleneimide (PI)-containing compounds given their unique combination of good electron accepting ability, high abosorption in the visible region, and outstanding chemical, thermal, and photochemical stabilities. Thus, herein we report the synthesis of perylene imide derivatives endowed with a 1,2-diketone functionality (PIDs) as efficient intermediates to easily access peryleneimide (PI)-containing organic semiconductors with enhanced absorption cross-section for the design of tunable semiconductor organic materials. Three processable organic molecular semiconductors containing thiophene and terthiophene moieties, PITa, PITb, and PITT, have been prepared from the novel PIDs. The tendency of these semiconductors for molecular aggregation have been investigated by NMR spectroscopy and supported by quantum chemical calculations. 2D NMR experiments and theoretical calculations point to an antiparallel π-stacking interaction as the most stable conformation in the aggregates. Investigation of the optical and electrochemical properties of the materials is also reported and analyzed in combination with DFT calculations. Although the derivatives presented here show modest electron mobilities of ∼10-4 cm2V-1s-1, these preliminary studies of their performance in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) indicate the potential of these new building blocks as n-type semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula de Echegaray
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Mancheño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iratxe Arrechea-Marcos
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga , 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Juárez
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - Guzmán López-Espejo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga , 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - María Mar Ramos
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - Carlos Seoane
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga , 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - José L Segura
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain
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9
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de la Peña A, Arrechea-Marcos I, Mancheño MJ, Ruiz Delgado MC, López Navarrete JT, Segura JL, Ponce Ortiz R. Tuning of the Electronic Levels of Oligothiophene-Naphthalimide Assemblies by Chemical Modification. Chemistry 2016; 22:13643-52. [PMID: 27430480 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inversion of the connections of amidine linkers combined with controlled oligothiophene chain catenation in oligothiophene-naphthalimide assemblies provides an efficient method to tune the HOMO and LUMO values in this type of assemblies. This modification also suppresses the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) band normally found in this type of derivatives, also delocalizing the frontier molecular orbitals over the whole conjugated skeleton. The resultant assemblies were used in the fabrication of field-effect transistors, which showed well-balanced ambipolar transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de la Peña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | | | - María J Mancheño
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | | | | | - José L Segura
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Malaga, 29071, Spain.
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10
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Mamada M, Fujita H, Kakita K, Shima H, Yoneda Y, Tanaka Y, Tokito S. Crystal structure and modeled charge carrier mobility of benzobis(thiadiazole) derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02302e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzobis(thiadiazole) derivatives showed a large diffusion coefficient between the molecules located in the co-planar and the standard π–π stacking directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Yamagata University
- 4-3-16 Yonezawa
- Japan
| | - Harunori Fujita
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Kochi 783-8508
- Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kakita
- Organic Specialty Materials Research Laboratory
- Ube Industries, Ltd
- Ichihara
- Japan
| | - Hidetaka Shima
- Organic Chemical Research Laboratory
- Ube Industries, Ltd
- Ube
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoneda
- Organic Chemical Research Laboratory
- Ube Industries, Ltd
- Ube
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanaka
- Organic Specialty Materials Research Laboratory
- Ube Industries, Ltd
- Ichihara
- Japan
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Yamagata University
- 4-3-16 Yonezawa
- Japan
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11
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Bagdžiūnas G, Grybauskaitė G, Kostiv N, Ivaniuk K, Volyniuk D, Lazauskas A. Green and red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with ambipolar hosts based on phenothiazine and carbazole moieties: photoelectrical properties, morphology and efficiency. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12692h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The two low-molar mass compounds based on phenothiazine and carbazole moieties were synthesized and investigated as the ambipolar hosts for the green and red phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintautas Bagdžiūnas
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Grybauskaitė
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Nataliya Kostiv
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
- Lviv Polytechnic National University
| | | | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Lazauskas
- Institute of Materials Science of Kaunas University of Technology
- LT-51423 Kaunas
- Lithuania
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12
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Poduval MK, Arrechea-Marcos I, Carmen Ruiz Delgado M, Park T, López Navarrete JT, Ortiz RP, Kim TH. Stereoisomers of an azine-linked donor–acceptor conjugated polymer: the impact of molecular conformation on electrical performance. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis of a pair of azine linked donor–acceptor type conjugated polymers by the use of palladium(ii)-based direct arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithrabinda K. Poduval
- Organic Material Synthesis Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Incheon National University
- Incheon 406-772
- Korea
| | | | | | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Korea
| | | | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Malaga
- 29071 Malaga
- Spain
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Organic Material Synthesis Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Incheon National University
- Incheon 406-772
- Korea
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13
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Bai L, Gao Q, Xia Y, Ang CY, Bose P, Tan SY, Zhao Y. The photoirradiation induced p-n junction in naphthylamine-based organic photovoltaic cells. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:14612-14617. [PMID: 26263850 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The bulk heterojunction (BHJ) plays an indispensable role in organic photovoltaics, and thus has been investigated extensively in recent years. While a p-n heterojunction is usually fabricated using two different donor and acceptor materials such as poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), it is really rare that such a BHJ is constructed by a single entity. Here, we presented a photoirradiation-induced p-n heterojunction in naphthylamine-based organic photovoltaic cells, where naphthylamine as a typical p-type semiconductor could be oxidized under photoirradiation and transformed into a new semiconductor with the n-type character. The p-n heterojunction was realized using both the remaining naphthylamine and its oxidative product, giving rise to the performance improvement in organic photovoltaic devices. The experimental results show that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices could be achieved up to 1.79% and 0.43% in solution and thin film processes, respectively. Importantly, this technology using naphthylamine does not require classic P3HT and PCBM to realize the p-n heterojunction, thereby simplifying the device fabrication process. The present approach opens up a promising route for the development of novel materials applicable to the p-n heterojunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Bai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371.
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14
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Heitzer HM, Marks TJ, Ratner MA. Molecular Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Strategies for High-Capacitance Organic Dielectric Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7189-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Heitzer
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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15
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Wang Z, Zhao J, Dong H, Qiu G, Zhang Q, Hu W. An asymmetric naphthalimide derivative for n-channel organic field-effect transistors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26519-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01302j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel asymmetric naphthalimide derivative (IZ0) is synthesized and high electron mobility of 0.072 cm2V−1s−1and 0.22 cm2V−1s−1are achieved for IZ0 film and single crystal-based transistors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongrui Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ge Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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16
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Liu Z, Zhang G, Cai Z, Chen X, Luo H, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang D. New organic semiconductors with imide/amide-containing molecular systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6965-77. [PMID: 24633804 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high electron affinities, chemical and thermal stabilities, π-conjugated molecules with imide/amide frameworks have received considerable attentions as promising candidates for high-performance optoelectronic materials, particularly for organic semiconductors with high carrier mobilities. The purpose of this Research News is to give an overview of recent advances in development of high performance imide/amide based organic semiconductors for field-effect transistors. It covers naphthalene diimide-, perylene diimide- and amide-based conjugated molecules and polymers for organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Mamada M, Pérez-Bolívar C, Kumaki D, Esipenko NA, Tokito S, Anzenbacher P. Benzimidazole derivatives: synthesis, physical properties, and n-type semiconducting properties. Chemistry 2014; 20:11835-46. [PMID: 25079856 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of new benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized by the solid-state condensation and direct sublimation (SSC-DS) method and their physical properties were investigated. The reaction yields and product stability were significantly affected by the identity of the diamine and anhydride substituents. On the other hand, the substituents of the benzimidazole ring allowed fine tuning of the emission maxima, fluorescence quantum yields, and redox potentials. The HOMO-LUMO levels were estimated by cyclic voltammetry in film on indium tin oxide (ITO) and compared with values obtained by other methods. The described benzimidazoles showed high crystallinity, which is attributed to a high planarity and interactions between carbon and heteroatoms. These compounds showed n-type semiconducting behavior in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Optimized devices for fluorinated NTCBI (naphthalene tetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole) showed respectable electron mobilities of ∼10(-2) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mamada
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403 (USA), Fax: (+1) 419-372-9809; Research Center for Organic Electronics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa-shi, Yamagata 992-8510 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 238-26-3788
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Suraru SL, Würthner F. Strategies for the synthesis of functional naphthalene diimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7428-48. [PMID: 24961807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalene diimides, which have for a long time been in the shadow of their higher homologues the perylene diimides, currently belong to the most investigated classes of organic compounds. This is primarily due to the initial synthetic studies on core functionalization that were carried out at the beginning of the last decade, which facilitated diverse structural modifications of the naphthalene scaffold. Compounds with greatly modified optical and electronic properties that can be easily and effectively modulated by appropriate functionalization were made accessible through relatively little synthetic effort. This resulted in diverse interesting applications. The electron-deficient character of these compounds makes them highly valuable, particularly in the field of organic electronics as air-stable n-type semiconductors, while absorption bands over the whole visible spectral range through the introduction of core substituents enabled interesting photosystems and photovoltaic applications. This Review provides an overview on different approaches towards core functionalization as well as on synthetic strategies for the core expansion of naphthalene diimides that have been developed mainly in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin-Lucian Suraru
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
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Suraru SL, Würthner F. Strategien für die Synthese funktioneller Naphthalindiimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tkachov R, Karpov Y, Senkovskyy V, Raguzin I, Zessin J, Lederer A, Stamm M, Voit B, Beryozkina T, Bakulev V, Zhao W, Facchetti A, Kiriy A. Efficient Tin-Free Route to a Donor–Acceptor Semiconducting Copolymer with Variable Molecular Weights. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5007667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Tkachov
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yevhen Karpov
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Raguzin
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Zessin
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Stamm
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Ural Federal University, Mira
str., 28, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Ural Federal University, Mira
str., 28, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Wei Zhao
- Polyera Corporation, Skokie Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Polyera Corporation, Skokie Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Anton Kiriy
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Jariwala D, Sangwan VK, Lauhon LJ, Marks TJ, Hersam MC. Emerging device applications for semiconducting two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1102-20. [PMID: 24476095 DOI: 10.1021/nn500064s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 966] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
With advances in exfoliation and synthetic techniques, atomically thin films of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides have recently been isolated and characterized. Their two-dimensional structure, coupled with a direct band gap in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, suggests suitability for digital electronics and optoelectronics. Toward that end, several classes of high-performance devices have been reported along with significant progress in understanding their physical properties. Here, we present a review of the architecture, operating principles, and physics of electronic and optoelectronic devices based on ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors. By critically assessing and comparing the performance of these devices with competing technologies, the merits and shortcomings of this emerging class of electronic materials are identified, thereby providing a roadmap for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Jariwala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Medicine, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Shao J, Chang J, Chi C. Solution-Processable n-Type Semiconductors Based on Unsymmetrical Naphthalene Imides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Field-Effect Transistors. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:253-60. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cai Z, Zhang H, Geng H, Liu Z, Yang S, Luo H, Jiang L, Peng Q, Zhang G, Chen J, Yi Y, Hu W, Zhang D. Thiepin-Fused Heteroacenes: Simple Synthesis, Unusual Structure, and Semiconductors with Less Anisotropic Behavior. Chemistry 2013; 19:14573-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ponce Ortiz R, Herrera H, Mancheño MJ, Seoane C, Segura JL, Mayorga Burrezo P, Casado J, López Navarrete JT, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Molecular and Electronic-Structure Basis of the Ambipolar Behavior of Naphthalimide-Terthiophene Derivatives: Implementation in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Chemistry 2013; 19:12458-67. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lu S, Drees M, Yao Y, Boudinet D, Yan H, Pan H, Wang J, Li Y, Usta H, Facchetti A. 3,6-Dithiophen-2-yl-diketopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (isoDPPT) as an Acceptor Building Block for Organic Opto-Electronics. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400568b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Lu
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue,
Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Martin Drees
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue,
Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Yan Yao
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue,
Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Damien Boudinet
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue,
Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - He Yan
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue,
Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Hualong Pan
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue,
Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Jingqi Wang
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue,
Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Ontario, Canada,
N2L 3G1
| | - Hakan Usta
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue,
Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue,
Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
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Li H, Kim FS, Ren G, Hollenbeck EC, Subramaniyan S, Jenekhe SA. Tetraazabenzodifluoranthene Diimides: Building Blocks for Solution-Processable n-Type Organic Semiconductors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201210085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li H, Kim FS, Ren G, Hollenbeck EC, Subramaniyan S, Jenekhe SA. Tetraazabenzodifluoranthene Diimides: Building Blocks for Solution-Processable n-Type Organic Semiconductors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5513-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Henson ZB, Zhang Y, Nguyen TQ, Seo JH, Bazan GC. Synthesis and Properties of Two Cationic Narrow Band Gap Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4163-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja400140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B. Henson
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Department of Materials Physics,
College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, South Korea
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Li Y, Zhang G, Yang G, Guo Y, Di C, Chen X, Liu Z, Liu H, Xu Z, Xu W, Fu H, Zhang D. Extended π-Conjugated Molecules Derived from Naphthalene Diimides toward Organic Emissive and Semiconducting Materials. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2926-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302677k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chong’an Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory and Photochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Durso M, Gentili D, Bettini C, Zanelli A, Cavallini M, De Angelis F, Grazia Lobello M, Biondo V, Muccini M, Capelli R, Melucci M. π-Core tailoring for new high performance thieno(bis)imide based n-type molecular semiconductors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4298-300. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chang J, Shao J, Zhang J, Wu J, Chi C. A phthalimide-fused naphthalene diimide with high electron affinity for a high performance n-channel field effect transistor. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40504d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Herrera H, de Echegaray P, Urdanpilleta M, Mancheño MJ, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P, Segura JL. Linear and star-shaped naphthalimide-fused pyrazinacenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:713-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Usta H, Newman C, Chen Z, Facchetti A. Dithienocoronenediimide-based copolymers as novel ambipolar semiconductors for organic thin-film transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3678-3684. [PMID: 22689261 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new class of ambipolar donor-acceptor π-conjugated polymers based on a dithienocoronenediimide core is presented. Solution-processed top-gate/bottom-contact thin film transistors (TFTs) exhibit electron and hole mobilities of up to 0.30 cm(2)/V·s and 0.04 cm(2)/V·s, respectively, which are the highest reported to date for an ambipolar polymer in ambient conditions. The polymers presented here are the first examples of coronenediimide-based semiconductors showing high organic TFT performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Usta
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Ave. Skokie, IL 60077, USA.
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Meng Q, Hu W. Recent progress of n-type organic semiconducting small molecules for organic field-effect transistors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14152-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41664f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Segura JL, Herrera H, Bäuerle P. Oligothiophene-functionalized naphthalimides and perylene imides: design, synthesis and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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