1
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Fathalla RK, Engel M, Ducho C. Targeting the binding pocket of the fluorophore 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid in the bacterial enzyme MurA. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300237. [PMID: 37464574 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
8-Anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) has been extensively used as a fluorescent probe to detect conformational changes of proteins. It has been cocrystallized with several of the proteins it is used to monitor, including the bacterial cell wall synthesis enzyme MurA. MurA catalyzes the first committed step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, converting UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) into enolpyruvyl UDP-GlcNAc. It has been reported before that ANS binds to MurA from Enterobacter cloacae without inhibiting the enzyme's activity up to a concentration of 1 mM ANS. In this study, we present evidence that ANS inhibits the activity of several isoforms of MurA with IC50 values of 18, 22, and 31 µM against wild-type Escherichia coli, C115D E. coli, and E. cloacae MurA, respectively. This prompted us to test a larger series of structural analogs of ANS for the inhibition of these MurA enzymes, which led to the discovery of compound 26. This ANS analog showed enhanced inhibition of MurA (WT and C115D MurA from E. coli, and E. cloacae MurA) with IC50 values of 2.7, 10, and 14 µM, respectively. Based on our results, the ANS binding pocket was identified as a novel target site for the development of potential antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem K Fathalla
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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2
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Rohrbacher C, Zscherp R, Weck SC, Klahn P, Ducho C. Synthesis of an Antimicrobial Enterobactin-Muraymycin Conjugate for Improved Activity Against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202408. [PMID: 36222466 PMCID: PMC10107792 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming increasing antibiotic resistance requires the development of novel antibacterial agents that address new targets in bacterial cells. Naturally occurring nucleoside antibiotics (such as muraymycins) inhibit the bacterial membrane protein MraY, a clinically unexploited essential enzyme in peptidoglycan (cell wall) biosynthesis. Even though a range of synthetic muraymycin analogues has already been reported, they generally suffer from limited cellular uptake and a lack of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. We herein report an approach to overcome these hurdles: a synthetic muraymycin analogue has been conjugated to a siderophore, i. e. the enterobactin derivative EntKL , to increase the cellular uptake into Gram-negative bacteria. The resultant conjugate showed significantly improved antibacterial activity against an efflux-deficient E. coli strain, thus providing a proof-of-concept of this novel approach and a starting point for the future optimisation of such conjugates towards potent agents against Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rohrbacher
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robert Zscherp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie C Weck
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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Fathalla RK, Fröhner W, Bader CD, Fischer PD, Dahlem C, Chatterjee D, Mathea S, Kiemer AK, Arthanari H, Müller R, Abdel-Halim M, Ducho C, Engel M. Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Pyrrolidinediones as Novel Inhibitors of the Bacterial Enzyme MurA. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14740-14763. [PMID: 36269107 PMCID: PMC9989942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To develop novel antibiotics, targeting the early steps of cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis seems to be a promising strategy that is still underutilized. MurA, the first enzyme in this pathway, is targeted by the clinically used irreversible inhibitor fosfomycin. However, mutations in its binding site can cause bacterial resistance. We herein report a series of novel reversible pyrrolidinedione-based MurA inhibitors that equally inhibit wild type (WT) MurA and the fosfomycin-resistant MurA C115D mutant, showing an additive effect with fosfomycin for the inhibition of WT MurA. For the most potent inhibitor 46 (IC50 = 4.5 μM), the mode of inhibition was analyzed using native mass spectrometry and protein NMR spectroscopy. The compound class was nontoxic against human cells and highly stable in human S9 fraction, human plasma, and bacterial cell lysate. Taken together, this novel compound class might be further developed toward antibiotic drug candidates that inhibit cell wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem K. Fathalla
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fröhner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Chantal D. Bader
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick D. Fischer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Dahlem
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Deep Chatterjee
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mathea
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Antiinfectives, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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4
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Fangary S, Abdel-Halim M, Fathalla RK, Hassan R, Farag N, Engel M, Mansour S, Tammam SN. Nanoparticle Fraught Liposomes: A Platform for Increased Antibiotic Selectivity in Multidrug Resistant Bacteria. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3163-3177. [PMID: 35876358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic concentrations within bacterial cells while reducing them in mammalian ones would ultimately result in an enhancement of antibacterial actions, overcoming multidrug resistance, all while minimizing toxicity. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used in numerous occasions to overcome antibiotic resistance, poor drug solubility, and stability. However, the concomitant increase in antibiotic concentration in mammalian cells and the resultant toxicity are usually overlooked. Without compromising bacterial cell fusion, large liposomes (Lip) have been reported to show reduced uptake in mammalian cells. Therefore, in this work, small NP fraught liposomes (NP-Lip) were formulated with the aim of increasing NP uptake and antibiotic delivery in bacterial cells but not in mammalian ones. Small polylactic-co-glycolic acid NPs were therefore loaded with erythromycin (Er), an antibiotic with low membrane permeability that is susceptible to drug efflux, and 3c, a 5-cyanothiazolyl urea derivative with low solubility and stability. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the incorporation of small NPs into large Lip resulted in a reduction in NP uptake by HEK293 cells while increasing it in Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli DH5α, E. coli K12, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), consequently resulting in an enhancement of antibiotic selectivity by fourfold toward E. coli (both strains) and eightfold toward P. aeruginosa. Ocular administration of NP-Lip in a P. aeruginosa keratitis mouse model demonstrated the ability of Er/3c-loaded NP-Lip to result in a complete recovery. More importantly, in comparison to NPs, the ocular administration of NP-Lip showed a reduction in TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, implying reduced interaction with mammalian cells in vivo. This work therefore clearly demonstrated how tailoring the nano-bio interaction could result in selective drug delivery and a reduction in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Fangary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, German University in Cairo (GUC), New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo (GUC), New Cairo 24681, Egypt
| | - Reem K Fathalla
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Raghda Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, German University in Cairo (GUC), New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Noha Farag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, German University in Cairo (GUC), New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, German University in Cairo (GUC), New Cairo 11835, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Salma N Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, German University in Cairo (GUC), New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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5
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Kusaka S, Yamamoto K, Shinohara M, Minato Y, Ichikawa S. Design, synthesis and conformation-activity relationship analysis of LNA/BNA-type 5'-O-aminoribosyluridine as MraY inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 65:116744. [PMID: 35500521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
It is important to understand and control the biologically active conformation in medicinal chemistry. Muraymycins and caprazamycins, which are strong inhibitors of MraY, are promising antibacterial agents with a novel mode of action. Focusing on a sugar puckering and a dihedral angle ϕ of the uridine moiety of these natural products, LNA/BNA-type 5'-O-aminoribosyluridine analogues, whose puckering of the ribose moiety are completely restricted to the N-type, were designed and synthesized as simplified MraY inhibitors. Their conformation-activity relationship was further investigated in details. The conformation-activity relationship analysis investigated in this study could be a general guideline for simplification and rational drug design of MraY inhibitory nucleoside natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kusaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Motoko Shinohara
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Minato
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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6
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Okamoto K, Ishikawa A, Okawa R, Yamamoto K, Sato T, Yokota SI, Chiba K, Ichikawa S. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of simplified analogues of MraY inhibitory natural product with rigid scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 55:116556. [PMID: 35016115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Muraymycins and caprazamycins are strong inhibitors of MraY, which is responsible for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Although they are promising antibacterial agents with a novel mode of action, their chemical structures are rather complex. This study investigated the simplification of these natural products by structure-based drug design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. We developed a simplified rigid scaffold with an arylalkyne moiety, which shows sub-micromolar MraY inhibitory activity. The scaffold is suitable for further investigating the structure-activity relationship by virtue of our synthetic strategy, where the substituent of interest is installed in the last stage of synthesis. This scaffold shows the potential for further use in optimizing MraY inhibitory and antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Aoi Ishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Okawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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7
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Cui Z, Nguyen H, Bhardwaj M, Wang X, Büschleb M, Lemke A, Schütz C, Rohrbacher C, Junghanns P, Koppermann S, Ducho C, Thorson JS, Van Lanen SG. Enzymatic C β-H Functionalization of l-Arg and l-Leu in Nonribosomally Derived Peptidyl Natural Products: A Tale of Two Oxidoreductases. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19425-19437. [PMID: 34767710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Muraymycins are peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics that contain two Cβ-modified amino acids, (2S,3S)-capreomycidine and (2S,3S)-β-OH-Leu. The former is also a component of chymostatins, which are aldehyde-containing peptidic protease inhibitors that─like muraymycin─are derived from nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). Using feeding experiments and in vitro characterization of 12 recombinant proteins, the biosynthetic mechanism for both nonproteinogenic amino acids is now defined. The formation of (2S,3S)-capreomycidine is shown to involve an FAD-dependent dehydrogenase:cyclase that requires an NRPS-bound pathway intermediate as a substrate. This cryptic dehydrogenation strategy is both temporally and mechanistically distinct in comparison to the biosynthesis of other capreomycidine diastereomers, which has previously been shown to proceed by Cβ-hydroxylation of free l-Arg catalyzed by a member of the nonheme Fe2+- and α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent dioxygenase family and (eventually) a dehydration-mediated cyclization process catalyzed by a distinct enzyme(s). Contrary to our initial expectation, the sole nonheme Fe2+- and αKG-dependent dioxygenase candidate Mur15 encoded within the muraymycin gene cluster is instead demonstrated to catalyze specific Cβ hydroxylation of the Leu residue to generate (2S,3S)-β-OH-Leu that is found in most muraymycin congeners. Importantly, and in contrast to known l-Arg-Cβ-hydroxylases, the Mur15-catalyzed reaction occurs after the NRPS-mediated assembly of the peptide scaffold. This late-stage functionalization affords the opportunity to exploit Mur15 as a biocatalyst, proof of concept of which is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Han Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Minakshi Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Xiachang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Martin Büschleb
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University, GöTammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Lemke
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Schütz
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Rohrbacher
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Pierre Junghanns
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stefan Koppermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Steven G Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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8
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Rational prioritization strategy allows the design of macrolide derivatives that overcome antibiotic resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2113632118. [PMID: 34750269 PMCID: PMC8609559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113632118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the development of resistance against commonly used antibiotics, new derivatives that avoid resistance mechanisms need to be developed. To address this problem, a rational prioritization strategy is outlined for macrolide antibiotics. Candidates are screened based on their solubility, membrane permeability, and binding affinity using a tiered optimization approach of free energy simulations and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. After prioritization by computational methods, the best candidates are evaluated experimentally. The strategy creates a targeted substance library that is highly enriched in compounds with antibacterial activity. This allows for faster iterations in the development of new antibiotic derivatives. Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to global health; this problem can be addressed by the development of new antibacterial agents to keep pace with the evolutionary adaptation of pathogens. Computational approaches are essential tools to this end since their application enables fast and early strategical decisions in the drug development process. We present a rational design approach, in which acylide antibiotics were screened based on computational predictions of solubility, membrane permeability, and binding affinity toward the ribosome. To assess our design strategy, we tested all candidates for in vitro inhibitory activity and then evaluated them in vivo with several antibiotic-resistant strains to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations. The predicted best candidate is synthetically more accessible, exhibits higher solubility and binding affinity to the ribosome, and is up to 56 times more active against resistant pathogens than telithromycin. Notably, the best compounds designed by us show activity, especially when combined with the membrane-weakening drug colistin, against Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, which are the three most critical targets from the priority list of pathogens of the World Health Organization.
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9
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Zhang M, Wang N, Liu J, Wang C, Xu Y, Ma L. A review on biomass-derived levulinic acid for application in drug synthesis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:220-253. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1939261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Longlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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10
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Kwak SH, Lim WY, Hao A, Mashalidis EH, Kwon DY, Jeong P, Kim MJ, Lee SY, Hong J. Synthesis and evaluation of cyclopentane-based muraymycin analogs targeting MraY. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113272. [PMID: 33607457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most challenging global health issues and presents an urgent need for the development of new antibiotics. In this regard, phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase (MraY), an essential enzyme in the early stages of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, has emerged as a promising new antibiotic target. We recently reported the crystal structures of MraY in complex with representative members of naturally occurring nucleoside antibiotics, including muraymycin D2. However, these nucleoside antibiotics are synthetically challenging targets, which limits the scope of medicinal chemistry efforts on this class of compounds. To gain access to active muraymycin analogs with reduced structural complexity and improved synthetic tractability, we prepared and evaluated cyclopentane-based muraymycin analogs for targeting MraY. For the installation of the 1,2-syn-amino alcohol group of analogs, the diastereoselective isocyanoacetate aldol reaction was explored. The structure-activity relationship analysis of the synthesized analogs suggested that a lipophilic side chain is essential for MraY inhibition. Importantly, the analog 20 (JH-MR-23) showed antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. These findings provide insights into designing new muraymycin-based MraY inhibitors with improved chemical tractability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwa Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Won Young Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Aili Hao
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Ellene H Mashalidis
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Do-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Pyeonghwa Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States.
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
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11
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Niro G, Weck SC, Ducho C. Merging Natural Products: Muraymycin-Sansanmycin Hybrid Structures as Novel Scaffolds for Potential Antibacterial Agents. Chemistry 2020; 26:16875-16887. [PMID: 32897546 PMCID: PMC7756498 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To overcome bacterial resistances, the need for novel antimicrobial agents is urgent. The class of so-called nucleoside antibiotics furnishes promising candidates for the development of new antibiotics, as these compounds block a clinically unexploited bacterial target: the integral membrane protein MraY, a key enzyme in cell wall (peptidoglycan) biosynthesis. Nucleoside antibiotics exhibit remarkable structural diversity besides their uridine-derived core motifs. Some sub-classes also show specific selectivities towards different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which are poorly understood so far. Herein, the synthesis of a novel hybrid structure is reported, derived from the 5'-defunctionalized uridine core moiety of muraymycins and the peptide chain of sansanmycin B, as a new scaffold for the development of antimicrobial agents. The reported muraymycin-sansanmycin hybrid scaffold showed nanomolar activity against the bacterial target enzyme MraY, but displayed no significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Niro
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus C2 366123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Stefanie C. Weck
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus C2 366123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus C2 366123SaarbrückenGermany
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12
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Wojtyniak M, Schmidtgall B, Kirsch P, Ducho C. Towards Zwitterionic Oligonucleotides with Improved Properties: the NAA/LNA-Gapmer Approach. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3234-3243. [PMID: 32662164 PMCID: PMC7754139 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides (ON) are promising therapeutic candidates, for instance by blocking endogenous mRNA (antisense mechanism). However, ON usually require structural modifications of the native nucleic acid backbone to ensure satisfying pharmacokinetic properties. One such strategy to design novel antisense oligonucleotides is to replace native phosphate diester units by positively charged artificial linkages, thus leading to (partially) zwitterionic backbone structures. Herein, we report a "gapmer" architecture comprised of one zwitterionic central segment ("gap") containing nucleosyl amino acid (NAA) modifications and two outer segments of locked nucleic acid (LNA). This NAA/LNA-gapmer approach furnished a partially zwitterionic ON with optimised properties: i) the formation of stable ON-RNA duplexes with base-pairing fidelity and superior target selectivity at 37 °C; and ii) excellent stability in complex biological media. Overall, the NAA/LNA-gapmer approach is thus established as a strategy to design partially zwitterionic ON for the future development of novel antisense agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Wojtyniak
- Department of PharmacyPharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus C2 366123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Boris Schmidtgall
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaderbornWarburger Str. 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Philine Kirsch
- Department of PharmacyPharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus C2 366123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of PharmacyPharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus C2 366123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaderbornWarburger Str. 10033098PaderbornGermany
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13
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Mokbel SA, Fathalla RK, El-Sharkawy LY, Abadi AH, Engel M, Abdel-Halim M. Synthesis of novel 1,2-diarylpyrazolidin-3-one-based compounds and their evaluation as broad spectrum antibacterial agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103759. [PMID: 32220665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a continuous need to develop new antibacterial agents with non-traditional mechanisms to combat the nonstop emerging resistance to most of the antibiotics used in clinical settings. We identified novel pyrazolidinone derivatives as antibacterial hits in an in-house library screening and synthesized several derivatives in order to improve the potency and increase the polarity of the discovered hit compounds. The oxime derivative 24 exhibited promising antibacterial activity against E. coli TolC, B. subtilis and S. aureus with MIC values of 4, 10 and 20 µg/mL, respectively. The new lead compound 24 was found to exhibit a weak dual inhibitory activity against both the E. coli MurA and MurB enzymes with IC50 values of 88.1 and 79.5 µM, respectively, which could partially explain its antibacterial effect. A comparison with the previously reported, structurally related pyrazolidinediones suggested that the oxime functionality at position 4 enhanced the activity against MurA and recovered the activity against the MurB enzyme. Compound 24 can serve as a lead for further development of novel and safe antibiotics with potential broad spectrum activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Mokbel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Reem K Fathalla
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lina Y El-Sharkawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt.
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14
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Mashalidis EH, Lee SY. Structures of Bacterial MraY and Human GPT Provide Insights into Rational Antibiotic Design. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:4946-4963. [PMID: 32199982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens necessitates the development of antibacterial agents inhibiting underexplored targets in bacterial metabolism. One such target is phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase (MraY), an essential integral membrane enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. MraY has long been considered a promising candidate for antibiotic development in part because it is the target of five classes of naturally occurring nucleoside inhibitors with potent in vivo and in vitro antibacterial activity. Although these inhibitors each have a nucleoside moiety, they vary dramatically in their core structures, and they have different activity properties. Until recently, the structural basis of MraY inhibition was poorly understood. Several recent structures of MraY and its human paralog, GlcNAc-1-P-transferase, have provided insights into MraY inhibition that are consistent with known inhibitor activity data and can inform rational drug design for this important antibiotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellene H Mashalidis
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive,Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive,Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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15
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Heib A, Niro G, Weck SC, Koppermann S, Ducho C. Muraymycin Nucleoside Antibiotics: Structure-Activity Relationship for Variations in the Nucleoside Unit. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010022. [PMID: 31861655 PMCID: PMC6983020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Muraymycins are a subclass of naturally occurring nucleoside antibiotics with promising antibacterial activity. They inhibit the bacterial enzyme translocase I (MraY), a clinically yet unexploited target mediating an essential intracellular step of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Several structurally simplified muraymycin analogues have already been synthesized for structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies. We now report on novel derivatives with unprecedented variations in the nucleoside unit. For the synthesis of these new muraymycin analogues, we employed a bipartite approach facilitating the introduction of different nucleosyl amino acid motifs. This also included thymidine- and 5-fluorouridine-derived nucleoside core structures. Using an in vitro assay for MraY activity, it was found that the introduction of substituents in the 5-position of the pyrimidine nucleobase led to a significant loss of inhibitory activity towards MraY. The loss of nucleobase aromaticity (by reduction of the uracil C5-C6 double bond) resulted in a ca. tenfold decrease in inhibitory potency. In contrast, removal of the 2′-hydroxy group furnished retained activity, thus demonstrating that modifications of the ribose moiety might be well-tolerated. Overall, these new SAR insights will guide the future design of novel muraymycin analogues for their potential development towards antibacterial drug candidates.
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16
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Leyerer K, Koppermann S, Ducho C. Solid Phase‐Supported Synthesis of Muraymycin Analogues. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Leyerer
- Department of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Saarland University Campus C2 3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Stefan Koppermann
- Department of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Saarland University Campus C2 3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Saarland University Campus C2 3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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17
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Mechanism of action of nucleoside antibacterial natural product antibiotics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:865-876. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Patel B, Grant G, Zunk M, Rudrawar S. Stereoselective Approaches toward the Synthesis of Nucleoside Antibiotic Core Aminoribosyl Glycyluridine. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhautikkumar Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Gary Grant
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Matthew Zunk
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
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19
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Mashalidis EH, Kaeser B, Terasawa Y, Katsuyama A, Kwon DY, Lee K, Hong J, Ichikawa S, Lee SY. Chemical logic of MraY inhibition by antibacterial nucleoside natural products. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2917. [PMID: 31266949 PMCID: PMC6606608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel antibacterial agents are needed to address the emergence of global antibiotic resistance. MraY is a promising candidate for antibiotic development because it is the target of five classes of naturally occurring nucleoside inhibitors with potent antibacterial activity. Although these natural products share a common uridine moiety, their core structures vary substantially and they exhibit different activity profiles. An incomplete understanding of the structural and mechanistic basis of MraY inhibition has hindered the translation of these compounds to the clinic. Here we present crystal structures of MraY in complex with representative members of the liposidomycin/caprazamycin, capuramycin, and mureidomycin classes of nucleoside inhibitors. Our structures reveal cryptic druggable hot spots in the shallow inhibitor binding site of MraY that were not previously appreciated. Structural analyses of nucleoside inhibitor binding provide insights into the chemical logic of MraY inhibition, which can guide novel approaches to MraY-targeted antibiotic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellene H Mashalidis
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Benjamin Kaeser
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yuma Terasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nihi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Katsuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nihi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Do-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kiyoun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Korea
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nihi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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20
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Nakamura H, Tsukano C, Yoshida T, Yasui M, Yokouchi S, Kobayashi Y, Igarashi M, Takemoto Y. Total Synthesis of Caprazamycin A: Practical and Scalable Synthesis of syn-β-Hydroxyamino Acids and Introduction of a Fatty Acid Side Chain to 1,4-Diazepanone. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8527-8540. [PMID: 31067040 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of caprazamycin A (1), a representative liponucleoside antibiotic, is described. Diastereoselective aldol reactions of aldehydes 12 and 25-27, derived from uridine, with diethyl isocyanomalonate 13 and phenylcarbamate 21 were investigated using thiourea catalysts 14 or bases to synthesize syn-β-hydroxyamino acid derivatives. The 1,4-diazepanone core of 1 was constructed using a Mitsunobu reaction, and the fatty acid side chain was introduced using a stepwise sequence based on model studies. Notably, global deprotection was realized using palladium black and formic acid without hydrogenating the olefin in the uridine unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Takuma Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Motohiro Yasui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yokouchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Igarashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
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21
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Linder R, Ducho C. Unified Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Amino Acid Building Blocks for the Preparation of Caprazamycin Nucleoside Antibiotics. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Linder
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C2 3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C2 3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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22
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Wiegmann D, Koppermann S, Ducho C. Aminoribosylated Analogues of Muraymycin Nucleoside Antibiotics. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123085. [PMID: 30486316 PMCID: PMC6320880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside antibiotics are uridine-derived natural products that inhibit the bacterial membrane protein MraY. MraY is a key enzyme in the membrane-associated intracellular stages of peptidoglycan biosynthesis and therefore considered to be a promising, yet unexploited target for novel antibacterial agents. Muraymycins are one subclass of such naturally occurring MraY inhibitors. As part of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on muraymycins and their analogues, we now report on novel derivatives with different attachment of one characteristic structural motif, i.e., the aminoribose moiety normally linked to the muraymycin glycyluridine core unit. Based on considerations derived from an X-ray co-crystal structure, we designed and synthesised muraymycin analogues having the aminoribose attached (via a linker) to either the glycyluridine amino group or to the uracil nucleobase. Reference compounds bearing the non-aminoribosylated linker units were also prepared. It was found that the novel aminoribosylated analogues were inactive as MraY inhibitors in vitro, but that the glycyluridine-modified reference compound retained most of the inhibitory potency relative to the unmodified parent muraymycin analogue. These results point to 6′-N-alkylated muraymycin analogues as a potential novel variation of the muraymycin scaffold for future SAR optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wiegmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Stefan Koppermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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23
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Meng M, Schmidtgall B, Ducho C. Enhanced Stability of DNA Oligonucleotides with Partially Zwitterionic Backbone Structures in Biological Media. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112941. [PMID: 30423832 PMCID: PMC6278555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient stability towards nuclease-mediated degradation is one of the most relevant tasks in the development of oligonucleotide-derived biomedical agents. This hurdle can be overcome through modifications to the native oligonucleotide backbone structure, with the goal of simultaneously retaining the unique hybridization properties of nucleic acids. The nucleosyl amino acid (NAA)-modification is a recently introduced artificial cationic backbone linkage. Partially zwitterionic NAA-modified oligonucleotides had previously shown hybridization with DNA strands with retained base-pairing fidelity. In this study, we report the significantly enhanced stability of NAA-modified oligonucleotides towards 3′- and 5′-exonuclease-mediated degradation as well as in complex biological media such as human plasma and whole cell lysate. This demonstrates the potential versatility of the NAA-motif as a backbone modification for the development of biomedically active oligonucleotide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Meng
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Boris Schmidtgall
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- University of Paderborn, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Christian Ducho
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- University of Paderborn, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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24
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Analogues of Muraymycin Nucleoside Antibiotics with Epimeric Uridine-Derived Core Structures. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112868. [PMID: 30400295 PMCID: PMC6278576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues have found widespread application as antiviral and antitumor agents, but not yet as antibacterials. Naturally occurring uridine-derived ‘nucleoside antibiotics’ target the bacterial membrane protein MraY, an enzyme involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and a promising target for the development of novel antibacterial agents. Muraymycins represent a nucleoside-peptide subgroup of such MraY-inhibiting natural products. As part of detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on muraymycins and their analogues, we now report novel insights into the effects of stereochemical variations in the nucleoside core structure. Using a simplified version of the muraymycin scaffold, it was shown that some formal inversions of stereochemistry led to about one order of magnitude loss in inhibitory potency towards the target enzyme MraY. In contrast, epimers of the core motif with retained inhibitory activity were also identified. These 5′,6′-anti-configured analogues might serve as novel chemically tractable variations of the muraymycin scaffold for the future development of uridine-derived drug candidates.
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25
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Hering J, Dunevall E, Ek M, Brändén G. Structural basis for selective inhibition of antibacterial target MraY, a membrane-bound enzyme involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1426-1435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Meng M, Ducho C. Oligonucleotide analogues with cationic backbone linkages. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1293-1308. [PMID: 29977397 PMCID: PMC6009206 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Their unique ability to selectively bind specific nucleic acid sequences makes oligonucleotides promising bioactive agents. However, modifications of the nucleic acid structure are an essential prerequisite for their application in vivo or even in cellulo. The oligoanionic backbone structure of oligonucleotides mainly hampers their ability to penetrate biological barriers such as cellular membranes. Hence, particular attention has been given to structural modifications of oligonucleotides which reduce their overall number of negative charges. One such approach is the site-specific replacement of the negatively charged phosphate diester linkage with alternative structural motifs which are positively charged at physiological pH, thus resulting in zwitterionic or even oligocationic backbone structures. This review provides a general overview of this concept and summarizes research on four according artificial backbone linkages: aminoalkylated phosphoramidates (and related systems), guanidinium groups, S-methylthiourea motifs, and nucleosyl amino acid (NAA)-derived modifications. The synthesis and properties of the corresponding oligonucleotide analogues are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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27
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Cui Z, Liu X, Overbay J, Cai W, Wang X, Lemke A, Wiegmann D, Niro G, Thorson JS, Ducho C, Van Lanen SG. Enzymatic Synthesis of the Ribosylated Glycyl-Uridine Disaccharide Core of Peptidyl Nucleoside Antibiotics. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7239-7249. [PMID: 29768920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Muraymycins belong to a family of nucleoside antibiotics that have a distinctive disaccharide core consisting of 5-amino-5-deoxyribofuranose (ADR) attached to 6'- N-alkyl-5'- C-glycyluridine (GlyU). Here, we functionally assign and characterize six enzymes from the muraymycin biosynthetic pathway involved in the core assembly that starts from uridine monophosphate (UMP). The biosynthesis is initiated by Mur16, a nonheme Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, followed by four transferase enzymes: Mur17, a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaldolase; Mur20, an aminotransferase; Mur26, a pyrimidine phosphorylase; and Mur18, a nucleotidylyltransferase. The pathway culminates in glycosidic bond formation in a reaction catalyzed by an additional transferase enzyme, Mur19, a ribosyltransferase. Analysis of the biochemical properties revealed several noteworthy discoveries including that (i) Mur16 and downstream enzymes can also process 2'-deoxy-UMP to generate a 2-deoxy-ADR, which is consistent with the structure of some muraymycin congeners; (ii) Mur20 prefers l-Tyr as the amino donor source; (iii) Mur18 activity absolutely depends on the amine functionality of the ADR precursor consistent with the nucleotidyltransfer reaction occurring after the Mur20-catalyzed aminotransfer reaction; and (iv) the bona fide sugar acceptor for Mur19 is (5' S,6' S)-GlyU, suggesting that ribosyltransfer occurs prior to N-alkylation of GlyU. Finally, a one-pot, six-enzyme reaction was utilized to generate the ADR-GlyU disaccharide core starting from UMP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiachang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Anke Lemke
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Saarland University , Campus C2 3 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Daniel Wiegmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Saarland University , Campus C2 3 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Giuliana Niro
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Saarland University , Campus C2 3 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | | | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Saarland University , Campus C2 3 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
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28
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Cui Z, Wang X, Koppermann S, Thorson JS, Ducho C, Van Lanen SG. Antibacterial Muraymycins from Mutant Strains of Streptomyces sp. NRRL 30471. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:942-948. [PMID: 29553733 PMCID: PMC6434714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Muraymycins are nucleoside antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces sp. NRRL 30471 and several mutant strains thereof that were generated by random, chemical mutagenesis. Reinvestigation of two mutant strains using new media conditions led to the isolation of three new muraymycin congeners, named B8, B9, and C6 (1-3), as well as a known muraymycin, C1. Structures of the compounds were elucidated by HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. Complete 2D NMR assignments for the known muraymycin C1 are also provided for the first time. Compounds 1 and 2, which differ from other muraymycins by having an elongated, terminally branched fatty acid side chain, had picomolar IC50 values against Staphylococcus aureus and Aquifex aeolicus MraY and showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC = 2 and 6 μg/mL, respectively) and Escherichia coli Δ tolC (MIC = 4 and 2 μg/mL, respectively). Compound 3, which is characterized by an N-acetyl modification of the primary amine of the dissacharide core that is shared among nearly all of the reported muraymycin congeners, greatly reduced its inhibitory and antibacterial activity compared to nonacylated muraymycin C1, which possibly indicates this modification is used for self-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of
Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Xiachang Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation,
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United
States
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of
Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,
Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Stefan Koppermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of
Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation,
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United
States
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of
Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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29
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Lukose V, Walvoort MTC, Imperiali B. Bacterial phosphoglycosyl transferases: initiators of glycan biosynthesis at the membrane interface. Glycobiology 2018; 27:820-833. [PMID: 28810664 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycosyl transferases (PGTs) initiate the biosynthesis of both essential and virulence-associated bacterial glycoconjugates including lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and glycoproteins. PGTs catalyze the transfer of a phosphosugar moiety from a nucleoside diphosphate sugar to a polyprenol phosphate, to form a membrane-bound polyprenol diphosphosugar product. PGTs are integral membrane proteins, which include between 1 and 11 predicted transmembrane domains. Despite this variation, common motifs have been identified in PGT families through bioinformatics and mutagenesis studies. Bacterial PGTs represent important antibacterial and virulence targets due to their significant role in initiating the biosynthesis of key bacterial glycoconjugates. Considerable effort has gone into mechanistic and inhibition studies for this class of enzymes, both of which depend on reliable, high-throughput assays for easy quantification of activity. This review summarizes recent advances made in the characterization of this challenging but important class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Lukose
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marthe T C Walvoort
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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30
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Koppermann S, Cui Z, Fischer PD, Wang X, Ludwig J, Thorson JS, Van Lanen SG, Ducho C. Insights into the Target Interaction of Naturally Occurring Muraymycin Nucleoside Antibiotics. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:779-784. [PMID: 29438582 PMCID: PMC6019934 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Muraymycins are a subclass of antimicrobially active uridine-derived natural products. Biological data on several muraymycin analogues have been reported, including some inhibitory in vitro activities toward their target protein, the bacterial membrane enzyme MraY. However, a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study on naturally occurring muraymycins based on such in vitro data has been missing so far. In this work, we report a detailed SAR investigation on representatives of the four muraymycin subgroups A-D using a fluorescence-based in vitro MraY assay. For some muraymycins, inhibition of MraY with IC50 values in the low-picomolar range was observed. These inhibitory potencies were compared with antibacterial activities and were correlated to modelling data derived from a previously reported X-ray crystal structure of MraY in complex with a muraymycin inhibitor. Overall, these results will pave the way for the development of muraymycin analogues with optimized properties as antibacterial drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koppermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Patrick D Fischer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xiachang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jannine Ludwig
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Steven G Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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31
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Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate as an oxygenase cofactor: Discovery of a carboxamide-forming, α-amino acid monooxygenase-decarboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:974-979. [PMID: 29343643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718667115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Capuramycins are antimycobacterial antibiotics that consist of a modified nucleoside named uridine-5'-carboxamide (CarU). Previous biochemical studies have revealed that CarU is derived from UMP, which is first converted to uridine-5'-aldehyde in a reaction catalyzed by the dioxygenase CapA and subsequently to 5'-C-glycyluridine (GlyU), an unusual β-hydroxy-α-amino acid, in a reaction catalyzed by the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaldolase CapH. The remaining steps that are necessary to furnish CarU include decarboxylation, O atom insertion, and oxidation. We demonstrate that Cap15, which has sequence similarity to proteins annotated as bacterial, PLP-dependent l-seryl-tRNA(Sec) selenium transferases, is the sole catalyst responsible for complete conversion of GlyU to CarU. Using a complementary panel of in vitro assays, Cap15 is shown to be dependent upon substrates O2 and (5'S,6'R)-GlyU, the latter of which was unexpected given that (5'S,6'S)-GlyU is the isomeric product of the transaldolase CapH. The two products of Cap15 are identified as the carboxamide-containing CarU and CO2 While known enzymes that catalyze this type of chemistry, namely α-amino acid 2-monooxygenase, utilize flavin adenine dinucleotide as the redox cofactor, Cap15 remarkably requires only PLP. Furthermore, Cap15 does not produce hydrogen peroxide and is shown to directly incorporate a single O atom from O2 into the product CarU and thus is an authentic PLP-dependent monooxygenase. In addition to these unusual discoveries, Cap15 activity is revealed to be dependent upon the inclusion of phosphate. The biochemical characteristics along with initiatory mechanistic studies of Cap15 are reported, which has allowed us to assign Cap15 as a PLP-dependent (5'S,6'R)-GlyU:O2 monooxygenase-decarboxylase.
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32
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Schmidtgall B, Kuepper A, Meng M, Grossmann TN, Ducho C. Oligonucleotides with Cationic Backbone and Their Hybridization with DNA: Interplay of Base Pairing and Electrostatic Attraction. Chemistry 2017; 24:1544-1553. [PMID: 29048135 PMCID: PMC5814856 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non‐natural oligonucleotides represent important (bio)chemical tools and potential therapeutic agents. Backbone modifications altering hybridization properties and biostability can provide useful analogues. Here, we employ an artificial nucleosyl amino acid (NAA) motif for the synthesis of oligonucleotides containing a backbone decorated with primary amines. An oligo‐T sequence of this cationic DNA analogue shows significantly increased affinity for complementary DNA. Notably, hybridization with DNA is still governed by Watson–Crick base pairing. However, single base pair mismatches are tolerated and some degree of sequence‐independent interactions between the cationic NAA backbone and fully mismatched DNA are observed. These findings demonstrate that a high density of positive charges directly connected to the oligonucleotide backbone can affect Watson–Crick base pairing. This provides a paradigm for the design of therapeutic oligonucleotides with altered backbone charge patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Schmidtgall
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Arne Kuepper
- Chemical Genomics Centre (CGC) of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Str. 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Melissa Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre (CGC) of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Str. 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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33
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Bugg TDH. Nucleoside Natural Product Antibiotics Targetting Microbial Cell Wall Biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2017_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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34
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Sansanmycin natural product analogues as potent and selective anti-mycobacterials that inhibit lipid I biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14414. [PMID: 28248311 PMCID: PMC5337940 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is responsible for enormous global morbidity and mortality, and current treatment regimens rely on the use of drugs that have been in use for more than 40 years. Owing to widespread resistance to these therapies, new drugs are desperately needed to control the TB disease burden. Herein, we describe the rapid synthesis of analogues of the sansanmycin uridylpeptide natural products that represent promising new TB drug leads. The compounds exhibit potent and selective inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of TB, both in vitro and intracellularly. The natural product analogues are nanomolar inhibitors of Mtb phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of lipid I in mycobacteria. This work lays the foundation for the development of uridylpeptide natural product analogues as new TB drug candidates that operate through the inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) infections are emerging at a high rate, with only few therapeutic options currently available. Here, the authors report synthetic analogues of the natural product sansanmycin that target mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis and represent potent leads for improved anti-TB treatments.
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35
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Wohnig S, Spork AP, Koppermann S, Mieskes G, Gisch N, Jahn R, Ducho C. Total Synthesis of Dansylated Park's Nucleotide for High-Throughput MraY Assays. Chemistry 2016; 22:17813-17819. [PMID: 27791327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The membrane protein translocase I (MraY) is a key enzyme in bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. It is therefore frequently discussed as a target for the development of novel antibiotics. The screening of compound libraries for the identification of MraY inhibitors is enabled by an established fluorescence-based MraY assay. However, this assay requires a dansylated derivative of the bacterial biosynthetic intermediate Park's nucleotide as the MraY substrate. Isolation of Park's nucleotide from bacteria and subsequent dansylation only furnishes limited amounts of this substrate, thus hampering the high-throughput screening for MraY inhibitors. Accordingly, the efficient provision of dansylated Park's nucleotide is a major bottleneck in the exploration of this promising drug target. In this work, we present the first total synthesis of dansylated Park's nucleotide, affording an unprecedented amount of the target compound for high-throughput MraY assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wohnig
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anatol P Spork
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Koppermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gottfried Mieskes
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 1-40, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Reinhard Jahn
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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36
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Serpi M, Ferrari V, Pertusati F. Nucleoside Derived Antibiotics to Fight Microbial Drug Resistance: New Utilities for an Established Class of Drugs? J Med Chem 2016; 59:10343-10382. [PMID: 27607900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel antibiotics are urgently needed to combat the rise of infections due to drug-resistant microorganisms. Numerous natural nucleosides and their synthetically modified analogues have been reported to have moderate to good antibiotic activity against different bacterial and fungal strains. Nucleoside-based compounds target several crucial processes of bacterial and fungal cells such as nucleoside metabolism and cell wall, nucleic acid, and protein biosynthesis. Nucleoside analogues have also been shown to target many other bacterial and fungal cellular processes although these are not well characterized and may therefore represent opportunities to discover new drugs with unique mechanisms of action. In this Perspective, we demonstrate that nucleoside analogues, cornerstones of anticancer and antiviral treatments, also have great potential to be repurposed as antibiotics so that an old drug can learn new tricks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University , Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Ferrari
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University , Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University , Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, United Kingdom
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37
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Mitachi K, Aleiwi BA, Schneider CM, Siricilla S, Kurosu M. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Muraymycin D1 Having a Dual Mode of Action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12975-12980. [PMID: 27617631 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A stereocontrolled first total synthesis of muraymycin D1 (1) has been achieved. The synthetic route is highly stereoselective, featuring (1) selective β-ribosylation of the C2-methylated amino ribose, (2) selective Strecker reaction, and (3) ring-opening reaction of a diastereomeric mixture of a diaminolactone to synthesize muraymycidine (epi-capreomycidine). The acid-cleavable protecting groups for secondary alcohol and uridine ureido nitrogen are applied for simultaneous deprotections with the Boc and tBu groups. Muraymycin D1 (1) and its amide derivatives (2 and 3) exhibited growth inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC50 = 1.56-6.25 μg/mL) and strong enzyme inhibitory activities against the bacterial phosphotransferases (MurX and WecA) (IC50 = 0.096-0.69 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Mitachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Bilal A Aleiwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Christopher M Schneider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Shajila Siricilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Michio Kurosu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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38
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Wiegmann D, Koppermann S, Wirth M, Niro G, Leyerer K, Ducho C. Muraymycin nucleoside-peptide antibiotics: uridine-derived natural products as lead structures for the development of novel antibacterial agents. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:769-795. [PMID: 27340469 PMCID: PMC4902027 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muraymycins are a promising class of antimicrobial natural products. These uridine-derived nucleoside-peptide antibiotics inhibit the bacterial membrane protein translocase I (MraY), a key enzyme in the intracellular part of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. This review describes the structures of naturally occurring muraymycins, their mode of action, synthetic access to muraymycins and their analogues, some structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and first insights into muraymycin biosynthesis. It therefore provides an overview on the current state of research, as well as an outlook on possible future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wiegmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Stefan Koppermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Marius Wirth
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Giuliana Niro
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Kristin Leyerer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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39
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Nakamura H, Yoshida T, Tsukano C, Takemoto Y. Synthesis of CPZEN-45: Construction of the 1,4-Diazepin-2-one Core by the Cu-Catalyzed Intramolecular Amidation of a Vinyl Iodide. Org Lett 2016; 18:2300-3. [PMID: 27088563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CPZEN-45 was developed as an antibiotic against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the chemical modification of caprazamycins. CPZEN-45 has been synthesized in this study by the Cu-catalyzed intramolecular amidation of a complex vinyl iodide precursor bearing uridine and sugar moieties with a secondary amide, allowing for the construction of its 1,4-diazepin-2-one core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuma Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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40
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Bugg TDH, Rodolis MT, Mihalyi A, Jamshidi S. Inhibition of phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase (MraY) by nucleoside natural product antibiotics, bacteriophage ϕX174 lysis protein E, and cationic antibacterial peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6340-6347. [PMID: 27021004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent developments in the inhibition of translocase MraY and related phospho-GlcNAc transferases WecA and TagO, and insight into the inhibition and catalytic mechanism of this class of integral membrane proteins from the structure of Aquifex aeolicus MraY. Recent studies have also identified a protein-protein interaction site in Escherichia coli MraY, that is targeted by bacteriophage ϕX174 lysis protein E, and also by cationic antimicrobial peptides containing Arg-Trp close to their N- or C-termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D H Bugg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Maria T Rodolis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Agnes Mihalyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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41
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Walvoort MTC, Lukose V, Imperiali B. A Modular Approach to Phosphoglycosyltransferase Inhibitors Inspired by Nucleoside Antibiotics. Chemistry 2015; 22:3856-64. [PMID: 26662170 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglycosyltransferases (PGTs) represent "gatekeeper" enzymes in complex glycan assembly pathways by catalyzing transfer of a phosphosugar from an activated nucleotide diphosphosugar to a membrane-resident polyprenol phosphate. The unique structures of selected nucleoside antibiotics, such as tunicamycin and mureidomycin A, which are known to inhibit comparable biochemical transformations, are exploited as the foundation for the development of modular synthetic inhibitors of PGTs. Herein we present the design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of two readily manipulatable modular scaffolds as inhibitors of monotopic bacterial PGTs. Selected compounds show IC50 values down to the 40 μm range, thereby serving as lead compounds for future development of selective and effective inhibitors of diverse PGTs of biological and medicinal interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe T C Walvoort
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vinita Lukose
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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42
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Rodolis MT, Mihalyi A, Ducho C, Eitel K, Gust B, Goss RJM, Bugg TDH. Mechanism of action of the uridyl peptide antibiotics: an unexpected link to a protein-protein interaction site in translocase MraY. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:13023-5. [PMID: 25222373 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pacidamycin and muraymycin uridyl peptide antibiotics show some structural resemblance to an Arg-Trp-x-x-Trp sequence motif for protein-protein interaction between bacteriophage ϕX174 protein E and E. coli translocase MraY. Members of the UPA class, and a synthetic uridine-peptide analogue, were found to show reduced levels of inhibition to F288L or E287A mutant MraY enzymes, implying that the UPAs interact at this extracellular site as part of the enzyme inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Rodolis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Fer MJ, Bouhss A, Patrão M, Le Corre L, Pietrancosta N, Amoroso A, Joris B, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Calvet-Vitale S, Gravier-Pelletier C. 5'-Methylene-triazole-substituted-aminoribosyl uridines as MraY inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7193-222. [PMID: 26008868 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00707k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of 5'-methylene-[1,4]-triazole-substituted aminoribosyl uridines is described. Two families of compounds were synthesized from a unique epoxide which was regioselectively opened by acetylide ions (for compounds II) or azide ions (for compounds III). Sequential diastereoselective glycosylation with a ribosyl fluoride derivative, Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with various complementary azide and alkyne partners afforded the targeted compounds after final deprotection. The biological activity of the 16 resulting compounds together with that of 14 previously reported compounds I, lacking the 5' methylene group, was evaluated on the MraY transferase activity. Out of the 30 tested compounds, 18 compounds revealed MraY inhibition with IC50 ranging from 15 to 150 μM. A molecular modeling study was performed to rationalize the observed structure-activity relationships (SAR), which allowed us to correlate the activity of the most potent compounds with an interaction involving Leu191 of MraYAA. The antibacterial activity was also evaluated and seven compounds exhibited a good activity against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens with MIC ranging from 8 to 32 μg mL(-1), including the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël J Fer
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CICB-Paris (Centre Interdisciplinaire Chimie Biologie-Paris), 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris 06, France.
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Nakamura H, Tsukano C, Yasui M, Yokouchi S, Igarashi M, Takemoto Y. Total Synthesis of (−)-Caprazamycin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3136-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nakamura H, Tsukano C, Yasui M, Yokouchi S, Igarashi M, Takemoto Y. Total Synthesis of (−)-Caprazamycin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Schmidtgall B, Höbartner C, Ducho C. NAA-modified DNA oligonucleotides with zwitterionic backbones: stereoselective synthesis of A-T phosphoramidite building blocks. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:50-60. [PMID: 25670992 PMCID: PMC4311628 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifications of the nucleic acid backbone are essential for the development of oligonucleotide-derived bioactive agents. The NAA-modification represents a novel artificial internucleotide linkage which enables the site-specific introduction of positive charges into the otherwise polyanionic backbone of DNA oligonucleotides. Following initial studies with the introduction of the NAA-linkage at T-T sites, it is now envisioned to prepare NAA-modified oligonucleotides bearing the modification at X-T motifs (X = A, C, G). We have therefore developed the efficient and stereoselective synthesis of NAA-linked 'dimeric' A-T phosphoramidite building blocks for automated DNA synthesis. Both the (S)- and the (R)-configured NAA-motifs were constructed with high diastereoselectivities to furnish two different phosphoramidite reagents, which were employed for the solid phase-supported automated synthesis of two NAA-modified DNA oligonucleotides. This represents a significant step to further establish the NAA-linkage as a useful addition to the existing 'toolbox' of backbone modifications for the design of bioactive oligonucleotide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Schmidtgall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33 098 Paderborn, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66 123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37 077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37 077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33 098 Paderborn, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66 123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Ries O, Carnarius C, Steinem C, Ducho C. Membrane-interacting properties of the functionalised fatty acid moiety of muraymycin antibiotics. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00526k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simplified model system is introduced to elucidate the significance of the ω-functionalised fatty acid moiety of muraymycin nucleoside antibiotics for membrane interaction and penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ries
- Georg-August-University Göttingen
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- 37 077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Christian Carnarius
- Georg-August-University Göttingen
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- 37 077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Georg-August-University Göttingen
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- 37 077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Georg-August-University Göttingen
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
- 37 077 Göttingen
- Germany
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