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Arena D, Verde-Sesto E, Rivilla I, Pomposo JA. Artificial Photosynthases: Single-Chain Nanoparticles with Manifold Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity for Challenging "in Water" Organic Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38639303 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalyzed reactions of organic substances in aqueous media are challenging transformations, often because of scarce solubility of substrates and catalyst deactivation. Herein, we report single-chain nanoparticles, SCNPs, capable of efficiently catalyzing four different "in water" organic reactions by employing visible light as the only external energy source. Specifically, we decorated a high-molecular-weight copolymer, poly(OEGMA300-r-AEMA), with iridium(III) cyclometalated complex pendants at varying content amounts. The isolated functionalized copolymers demonstrated self-assembly into noncovalent, amphiphilic SCNPs in water, which enabled efficient visible-light photocatalysis of two reactions unprecedentedly reported in water, namely, [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of vinyl arenes and α-arylation of N-arylamines. Additionally, aerobic oxidation of 9-substituted anthracenes and β-sulfonylation of α-methylstyrene were successfully carried out in aqueous media. Hence, by merging metal-mediated photocatalysis and SCNPs for the fabrication of artificial photoenzyme-like nano-objects─i.e., artificial photosynthases (APS)─our work broadens the possibilities for performing challenging "in water" organic transformations via visible-light photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Arena
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center MPC, P° Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Ester Verde-Sesto
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center MPC, P° Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iván Rivilla
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Chemistry, P° Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P° Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - José A Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center MPC, P° Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Chemistry, P° Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018 Donostia, Spain
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2
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Martínez-Alonso M, Jones CG, Shipp JD, Chekulaev D, Bryant HE, Weinstein JA. Phototoxicity of cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes bearing a thio-bis-benzimidazole ligand, and its monodentate analogue, as potential PDT photosensitisers in cancer cell killing. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:113-125. [PMID: 38183420 PMCID: PMC11001735 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Two novel cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes have been prepared with one bidentate or two monodentate imidazole-based ligands, 1 and 2, respectively. The complexes showed intense emission with long lifetimes of the excited state. Femtosecond transient absorption experiments established the nature of the lowest excited state as 3IL state. Singlet oxygen generation with good yields (40% for 1 and 82% for 2) was established by detecting 1O2 directly, through its emission at 1270 nm. Photostability studies were also performed to assess the viability of the complexes as photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Complex 1 was selected as a good candidate to investigate light-activated killing of cells, whilst complex 2 was found to be toxic in the dark and unstable under light. Complex 1 demonstrated high phototoxicity indexes (PI) in the visible region, PI > 250 after irradiation at 405 nm and PI > 150 at 455 nm, in EJ bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Callum G Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - James D Shipp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Helen E Bryant
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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3
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Shen J, He W. The fabrication strategies of near-infrared absorbing transition metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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4
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Knežević NŽ, Ilić N, Kaluđerović GN. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for pH-Responsive Delivery of Iridium Metallotherapeutics and Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Inorganics 2022; 10:250. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10120250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery to cancer, in response to its weakly acidic environment, represents a promising approach toward increasing the effectiveness and reducing the adverse effects of cancer therapy. Hence, the aim of this study is to construct novel mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based acidification-responsive drug delivery systems for targeted cancer therapy. Herein, the surface of MSN is covalently functionalized with Ir(III)-based complex through a pH-cleavable hydrazone-based linker and characterized by nitrogen sorption, SEM, FTIR, EDS, TGA, DSC, DLS, and zeta potential measurements. Enhanced release of Ir(III)-complexes is evidenced by UV/VIS spectroscopy at the weakly acidic environments (pH 5 and pH 6) in comparison to the release at physiological conditions. The in vitro toxicity of the prepared materials is tested on healthy MRC-5 cells while their potential for the efficient treatment of glioblastoma multiforme is demonstrated on the U251 cell line.
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5
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Suárez-moreno GV, Hernández-romero D, García-barradas Ó, Vázquez-vera Ó, Rosete-luna S, Cruz-cruz CA, López-monteon A, Carrillo-ahumada J, Morales-morales D, Colorado-peralta R. Second and third-row transition metal compounds containing benzimidazole ligands: An overview of their anticancer and antitumour activity. Coord Chem Rev 2022; 472:214790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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6
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Pei Y, Sun Y, Huang M, Zhang Z, Yan D, Cui J, Zhu D, Zeng Z, Wang D, Tang B. Ir(III) Complexes with AIE Characteristics for Biological Applications. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:1104. [PMID: 36551071 PMCID: PMC9775350 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Both biological process detection and disease diagnosis on the basis of luminescence technology can provide comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of life and disease pathogenesis and also accurately guide therapeutics. As a family of prominent luminescent materials, Ir(III) complexes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) tendency have been recently explored at a tremendous pace for biological applications, by virtue of their various distinct advantages, such as great stability in biological media, excellent fluorescence properties and distinctive photosensitizing features. Significant breakthroughs of AIE-active Ir(III) complexes have been achieved in the past few years and great progress has been witnessed in the construction of novel AIE-active Ir(III) complexes and their applications in organelle-specific targeting imaging, multiphoton imaging, biomarker-responsive bioimaging, as well as theranostics. This review systematically summarizes the basic concepts, seminal studies, recent trends and perspectives in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pei
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Meijia Huang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dingyuan Yan
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Benzhong Tang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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7
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Redrado M, Miñana M, Coogan MP, Concepción Gimeno M, Fernández‐Moreira V. Tunable Emissive Ir(III) Benzimidazole-quinoline Hybrids as Promising Theranostic Lead Compounds. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200244. [PMID: 35767349 PMCID: PMC9796238 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive and luminescent cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes [Ir(ppy)2 L1]Cl (1) and [Ir(ppy)2 L2]Cl (2) containing a benzimidazole derivative (L1/L2) as auxiliary mimic of a nucleotide have been synthesised. The emissive properties of both complexes are conditioned by the nature of L1 and L2, rendering an orange and a green emitter respectively. Both are highly emissive with quantum yield increasing in absence of oxygen up to 0.26 (1) and 0.36 (2), suggesting their phosphorescent character. Antiproliferative activity against lung cancer A549 cells increased up to 15 times upon irradiation conditions, reaching IC50 values in the nanomolar range (0.3±0.09 μM (1) and 0.26±0.14 μM (2)) and pointing them as good PSs candidates for photodynamic therapy via 1 O2 generation. Cellular biodistribution analysis by fluorescence microscopy suggest the lysosomes as the preferential accumulation organelle. Time-resolved studies showed a greatly increased cellular emission lifetime compared to the solution values, indicating binding to macromolecules or cellular structures and restriction of collision and vibrational quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Redrado
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Miriam Miñana
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
| | | | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Vanesa Fernández‐Moreira
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
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8
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De Soricellis G, Fagnani F, Colombo A, Dragonetti C, Roberto D. Exploring the potential of N^C^N cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes bearing 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene derivatives for imaging and photodynamic therapy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Echevarría I, Zafon E, Barrabés S, Martínez MÁ, Ramos-gómez S, Ortega N, Manzano BR, Jalón FA, Quesada R, Espino G, Massaguer A. Rational design of mitochondria targeted thiabendazole-based Ir(III) biscyclometalated complexes for a multimodal photodynamic therapy of cancer. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 231:111790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Markova L, Novohradsky V, Kasparkova J, Ruiz J, Brabec V. Dipyridophenazine iridium(III) complex as a phototoxic cancer stem cell selective, mitochondria targeting agent. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 360:109955. [PMID: 35447138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of a photoactivatable Ir(III) compound of the type [Ir(CˆN)2(dppz)][PF6] where CˆN = 1-methyl-2-(2'-thienyl)benzimidazole (complex 1) was investigated. Complex 1 photoactivated by visible light shows potent activity against highly aggressive and poorly treatable Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells, the most frequent soft tissue sarcomas of children. This remarkable activity of 1 was observed not only in RD cells cultured in 2D monolayers but, more importantly, also in 3D spheroids, which resemble in many aspects solid tumors and serve as a promising model to mimic the in vivo situation. Importantly, photoactivated 1 kills not only differentiated RD cells but also even more effectively cancer stem cells (CSCs) of RD. One of the factors responsible for the activity of irradiated 1 in RD CSCs is its ability to produce ROS in these cells more effectively than in differentiated RD cells. Moreover, photoactivated 1 caused in RD differentiated cells and CSCs a significant decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and promotes opening mitochondrial permeability transition pores in these cells, a mechanism that has never been demonstrated for any other metal-based anticancer complex. The results of this work give evidence that 1 has a potential for further evaluation using in vivo models as a promising chemotherapeutic agent for photodynamic therapy of hardly treatable human Rhabdomyosarcoma, particularly for its activity in both stem and differentiated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Markova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Jose Ruiz
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio- Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic.
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Chettri A, Cole HD, Roque JA, Schneider KRA, Yang T, Cameron CG, McFarland SA, Dietzek-Ivanšić B. Interaction with a Biomolecule Facilitates the Formation of the Function-Determining Long-Lived Triplet State in a Ruthenium Complex for Photodynamic Therapy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1336-1344. [PMID: 35179905 PMCID: PMC8903189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
TLD1433 is the first ruthenium (Ru)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent to advance to clinical trials and is currently in a phase II study for treating nonmuscle bladder cancer with PDT. Herein, we present a photophysical study of TLD1433 and its derivative TLD1633 using complex, biologically relevant solvents to elucidate the excited-state properties that are key for biological activity. The complexes incorporate an imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (IP) ligand appended to α-ter- or quaterthiophene, respectively, where TLD1433 = [Ru(4,4'-dmb)2(IP-3T)]Cl2 and TLD1633 = [Ru(4,4'-dmb)2(IP-4T)]Cl2 (4,4'-dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine; 3T = α-terthiophene; 4T = α-quaterthiophene). Time-resolved transient absorption experiments demonstrate that the excited-state dynamics of the complexes change upon interaction with biological macromolecules (e.g., DNA). In this case, the accessibility of the lowest-energy triplet intraligand charge-transfer (3ILCT) state (T1) is increased at the expense of a higher-lying 3ILCT state. We attribute this behavior to the increased rigidity of the ligand framework upon binding to DNA, which prolongs the lifetime of the T1 state. This lowest-lying state is primarily responsible for O2 sensitization and hence photoinduced cytotoxicity. Therefore, to gain a realistic picture of the excited-state kinetics that underlie the photoinduced function of the complexes, it is necessary to interrogate their photophysical dynamics in the presence of biological targets once they are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chettri
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany,Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Houston D. Cole
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - John A. Roque
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arlington, TX 76019, USA,The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Kilian R. A. Schneider
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany,Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tingxiang Yang
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany,Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Colin G. Cameron
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Sherri A. McFarland
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany,Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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12
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Walden MT, Yufit DS, Williams JG. Luminescent bis-tridentate iridium(III) complexes: Overcoming the undesirable reactivity of trans-disposed metallated rings using –N^N^N-coordinating bis(1,2,4-triazolyl)pyridine ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Wang X, Song K, Deng Y, Liu J, Peng Q, Lao X, Xu J, Wang D, Shi T, Li Y, Deng D, Miao Y. Benzothiazole-decorated iridium-based nanophotosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3666-3675. [PMID: 35165680 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04315c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective non-invasive treatment for tumors. The structure of a photosensitizer has an important influence on light utilization and efficiency of singlet-oxygen generation. In this study, we synthesized three π-type iridium(III) complexes and modified the C^N and N^N ligands with benzothiazole (BTZ) to regulate their light-absorption capacity and efficiency of singlet-oxygen generation. We assembled the nano-photosensitizers by wrapping them with an amphiphilic polyethylene glycol polymer with folic acid-targeting function to improve their targeting ability and biocompatibility. Modification of the BTZ group on the C^N ligand enhanced the ability of the photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen and improved the cell uptake and PDT efficacy of the corresponding nanophotosensitizer. We believe that this type of photosensitizer provides the basis for the design of new photosensitizers based on the structure of iridium(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Kang Song
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Yong Deng
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Qin Peng
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xiao Lao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Jiayu Xu
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Turong Shi
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dan Deng
- Dermatology Department, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200092, China.
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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14
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Martìnez-Vollbert E, Ciambrone C, Lafargue-Dit-Hauret W, Latouche C, Loiseau F, Lanoë PH. Bis-Heteroleptic Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes Featuring Cyclometalating 2-Phenylbenzimidazole Ligands: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3033-3049. [PMID: 35143722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we investigate a new family of cationic iridium(III) complexes featuring the cyclometalating ligand 2-phenylbenzimidazole and ancillary ligand 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine. Our benchmark complex IrL12 (L1 = 2-phenylbenzimidazole) displays emission properties similar to those of the archetypical complex 2,2'-dipyridylbis(2',4'-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) in deaerated CH3CN (Φ = 0.20, λem = 584 nm and Φ = 0.14, λem = 585 nm, respectively) but exhibits a higher photoluminescence quantum yield in deaerated CH2Cl2 (Φ = 0.32, λem = 566 nm and Φ = 0.20, λem = 595 nm, respectively) and especially a lower nonradiative constant (knr = 6.6 × 105 s-1 vs knr = 1.4 × 106 s-1, respectively). As a primary investigation, we explored the influence of the introduction of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the benzimidazole moiety and the synergetic effect of the substitution of the cyclometalating phenyl moiety at the para position with the same substituents. The emission energy displays very good correlation with the Hammett constants of the introduced substituents as well as with ΔEredox values, which allow us to ascribe the phosphorescence of these series to emanate mainly from a mixed metal/ligand to ligand charge transfer triplet excited state (3M/LLCT*). Two complexes (IrL52 and IrL82) display a switch of the lowest triplet excited state from 3M/LLCT* to ligand centered (3LC*), from the less polar CH2Cl2 to the more polar CH3CN. The observed results are supported by (TD)-DFT computations considering the vibrational contributions to the electronic transitions. Chromaticity diagrams based on the maximum emission wavelength of the recorded and simulated phosphorescence spectra demonstrate the strong promise of our complexes as emitting materials, together with the very good agreement between experimental and theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camille Latouche
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
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15
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Jiang Y, Huo Z, Qi X, Zuo T, Wu Z. Copper-induced tumor cell death mechanisms and antitumor theragnostic applications of copper complexes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:303-324. [PMID: 35060391 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies found that unbalanced copper homeostasis affect tumor growth, causing irreversible damage. Copper can induce multiple forms of cell death, including apoptosis and autophagy, through various mechanisms, including reactive oxygen species accumulation, proteasome inhibition, and antiangiogenesis. Hence, copper in vivo has attracted tremendous attention and is in the research spotlight in the field of tumor treatment. This review first highlights three typical forms of copper's antitumor mechanisms. Then, the development of diverse biomaterials and nanotechnology allowing copper to be fabricated into diverse structures to realize its theragnostic action is discussed. Novel copper complexes and their clinical applications are subsequently described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhiyi Huo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.,Industrial Technology Innovation Platform, Zhejiang Center for Safety Study of Drug Substances, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Tongmei Zuo
- Industrial Technology Innovation Platform, Zhejiang Center for Safety Study of Drug Substances, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
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16
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Kai Lin R, Venkatesan P, Hsuan Yeh C, Chien CM, Lin TS, Lin CC, Lin CC, Lai PS. Effective topical treatments of innovative NNO-tridentate vanadium (IV) complexes-mediated photodynamic therapy in psoriasis-like mice model. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4759-4770. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that can significantly impact the quality of human life. Various drug treatments with long-term severe side effects limit those drugs usage. Photodynamic therapy...
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17
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Lu X, Xiong C, Li B, Du W, Li D, Ma W, Tian X, Tian Y, Zhang Q. Three-photon absorption iridium( iii) photosensitizers featuring aggregation induced emission. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ir-H exhibits better three-photon absorption aggregation induced emission property, and thus can enhance the photodynamic therapy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R., China
| | - Chaoya Xiong
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R., China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wen Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R., China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Huaxi MR Research Centre (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R., China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R., China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, P. R. China
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18
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Bolitho E, Sanchez-Cano C, Shi H, Quinn PD, Harkiolaki M, Imberti C, Sadler PJ. Single-Cell Chemistry of Photoactivatable Platinum Anticancer Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20224-20240. [PMID: 34808054 PMCID: PMC8662725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Pt(IV) prodrug trans, trans, trans-[Pt(pyridine)2(N3)2(OH)2] (Pt1) and its coumarin derivative trans, trans, trans-[Pt(pyridine)2(N3)2(OH)(coumarin-3-carboxylate)] (Pt2) are promising agents for photoactivated chemotherapy. These complexes are inert in the dark but release Pt(II) species and radicals upon visible light irradiation, resulting in photocytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Here, we have used synchrotron techniques to investigate the in-cell behavior of these prodrugs and visualize, for the first time, changes in cellular morphology and Pt localization upon treatment with and without light irradiation. We show that photoactivation of Pt2 induces remarkable cellular damage with extreme alterations to multiple cellular components, including formation of vacuoles, while also significantly increasing the cellular accumulation of Pt species compared to dark conditions. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements in cells treated with Pt2 indicate only partial reduction of the prodrug upon irradiation, highlighting that phototoxicity in cancer cells may involve not only Pt(II) photoproducts but also photoexcited Pt(IV) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth
M. Bolitho
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Huayun Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Quinn
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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19
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Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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20
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Aguilar Cosme JR, Gagui DC, Green NH, Bryant HE, Claeyssens F. In Vitro Low-Fluence Photodynamic Therapy Parameter Screening Using 3D Tumor Spheroids Shows that Fractionated Light Treatments Enhance Phototoxicity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5078-5089. [PMID: 34615346 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of novel photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is difficult due to the limitations of two-dimensional cell culture and multiple parameters (dose, light intensity, uptake time), which complicate progression to in vivo experiments and clinical translation. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models like multicellular cancer tumor spheroids (MCTS) show great similarities to in vivo avascular tumor conditions, improving the speed and accuracy of screening novel compounds with various treatment combinations. In this study, we utilize C8161 human melanoma spheroids to screen PDT treatment combinations using protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and drug-loaded carbon dot (CD) conjugates PpIX-CD and PpIX@CD at ultralow fluence values (<10 J/cm2). Conjugates show equivalent light-induced damage to PpIX from 1 μg/mL with significantly less dark cytotoxicity up to 72 h after exposure, shown by LDH release and dsDNA content. Fractionated treatments, carried out by dividing light exposure with 24 h intervals, demonstrate an enhanced PDT effect compared to single exposure at equal concentrations. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy combined with live/dead staining demonstrates that spheroids sustain extensive damage after PDT, with PpIX and PpIX-CD showing improved uptake compared to PpIX@CD. We show that PDT parameter screening can be carried out using a low-cost and convenient combination of assays to improve the efficiency of evaluating novel compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Aguilar Cosme
- University of Sheffield, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Red Hill, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Dan C Gagui
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola H Green
- University of Sheffield, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Red Hill, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Bryant
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- University of Sheffield, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Red Hill, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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21
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Robbins E, Leroy-Lhez S, Villandier N, Samoć M, Matczyszyn K. Prospects for More Efficient Multi-Photon Absorption Photosensitizers Exhibiting Both Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Luminescence. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206323. [PMID: 34684904 PMCID: PMC8541311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of two-photon absorption (TPA) for such applications as microscopy, imaging, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers several advantages over the usual one-photon excitation. This creates a need for photosensitizers that exhibit both strong two-photon absorption and the highly efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as, ideally, bright luminescence. This review focuses on different strategies utilized to improve the TPA properties of various multi-photon absorbing species that have the required photophysical properties. Along with well-known families of photosensitizers, including porphyrins, we also describe other promising organic and organometallic structures and more complex systems involving organic and inorganic nanoparticles. We concentrate on the published studies that provide two-photon absorption cross-section values and the singlet oxygen (or other ROS) and luminescence quantum yields, which are crucial for potential use within PDT and diagnostics. We hope that this review will aid in the design and modification of novel TPA photosensitizers, which can help in exploiting the features of nonlinear absorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Robbins
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
| | - Nicolas Villandier
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Lu C, Lu T, Cui P, Kilina S, Sun W. Photophysics and reverse saturable absorption of cationic dinuclear iridium(III) complexes bearing fluorenyl-tethered 2-(quinolin-2-yl)quinoxaline ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14309-14319. [PMID: 34558585 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, photophysics and reverse saturable absorption of two cationic dinuclear Ir(III) complexes bearing fluorenyl-tethered 2-(quinolin-2-yl)quinoxaline (quqo) ligands are reported in this paper. The two complexes possess intense and featureless diimine ligand localized 1ILCT (intraligand charge transfer)/1π,π* absorption bands at ca. 330 and 430 nm, and a weak 1,3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer)/1,3LLCT (ligand-to-ligand charge transfer) absorption band at >500 nm. Both complexes exhibit weak dual phosphorescence at ca. 590 nm and 710 nm, which are attributed to the 3ILCT/3π,π* and 3MLCT/3LLCT states, respectively. The low-energy 3MLCT/3LLCT state also gives rise to a moderately strong triplet excited-state absorption at 490-800 nm. Because of the stronger triplet excited-state absorption than the ground-state absorption of these complexes at 532 nm, both complexes manifest a moderate reverse saturable absorption (RSA) at 532 nm for ns laser pulses. Expansion of the π-conjugation of the fluorenyl-tethered diimine ligand in Ir-1 causes a slight red-shift of the 1ILCT/1π,π* absorption bands in its UV-vis absorption spectrum and the 3MLCT/3LLCT absorption band in the transient absorption spectrum and slightly enhances the RSA at 532 nm compared to that in Ir-2. This work represents the first report on dinuclear Ir(III) complexes that exhibit RSA at 532 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Taotao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA. .,Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Svetlana Kilina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Wenfang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
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23
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Guo X, Yang N, Ji W, Zhang H, Dong X, Zhou Z, Li L, Shen HM, Yao SQ, Huang W. Mito-Bomb: Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Therapy. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2007778. [PMID: 34510563 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been one of the most common life-threatening diseases for a long time. Traditional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy (CT), and radiotherapy (RT) have limited effects due to drug resistance, unsatisfactory treatment efficiency, and side effects. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) have been utilized for cancer treatment owing to their high selectivity, minor resistance, and minimal toxicity. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that selective delivery of drugs to specific subcellular organelles can significantly enhance the efficiency of cancer therapy. Mitochondria-targeting therapeutic strategies are promising for cancer therapy, which is attributed to the essential role of mitochondria in the regulation of cancer cell apoptosis, metabolism, and more vulnerable to hyperthermia and oxidative damage. Herein, the rational design, functionalization, and applications of diverse mitochondria-targeting units, involving organic phosphine/sulfur salts, quaternary ammonium (QA) salts, peptides, transition-metal complexes, guanidinium or bisguanidinium, as well as mitochondria-targeting cancer therapies including PDT, PTT, CDT, and others are summarized. This review aims to furnish researchers with deep insights and hints in the design and applications of novel mitochondria-targeting agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Naidi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Wenhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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24
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Liu H, Mei Y, Zhao Q, Zhang A, Tang L, Gao H, Wang W. Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1344. [PMID: 34575419 PMCID: PMC8466662 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the emerging versatile nanomaterials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, exhibiting great potential as a promising inorganic nanomaterial in the biomedical field. BP nanomaterials possess excellent ability for valid bio-conjugation and molecular loading in anticancer therapy. Generally, BP nanomaterials can be classified into BP nanosheets (BPNSs) and BP quantum dots (BPQDs), both of which can be synthesized through various preparation routes. In addition, BP nanomaterials can be applied as photothermal agents (PTA) for the photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency and larger extinction coefficients. The generated local hyperpyrexia leads to thermal elimination of tumor. Besides, BP nanomaterials are capable of producing singlet oxygen, which enable its application as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, BP nanomaterials can be oxidized and degraded to nontoxic phosphonates and phosphate under physiological conditions, improving their safety as a nano drug carrier in cancer therapy. Recently, it has been reported that BP-based PTT is capable of activating immune responses and alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by detection of T lymphocytes and various immunocytokines, indicating that BP-based nanocomposites not only serve as effective PTAs to ablate large solid tumors but also function as an immunomodulation agent to eliminate discrete tumorlets. Therefore, BP-mediated immunotherapy would provide more possibilities for synergistic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510520, China;
| | - Yijun Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (L.T.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (L.T.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Aining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (L.T.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (L.T.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.M.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (L.T.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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25
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Zhang H, Tian L, Xiao R, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Hao J, Liu Y, Wang J. Anticancer effect evaluation in vitro and in vivo of iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes targeting DNA and mitochondria. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105290. [PMID: 34426145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the antitumor effect of iridium complexes, three iridium (III) complexes [Ir(ppy)2(dcdppz)]PF6 (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, dcdppz = 11,12-dichlorodipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) (Ir1), [Ir(bzq)2(dcdppz)]PF6 (bzq = benzo[h]quinoline) (Ir2) and [Ir(piq)2(dcdppz)]PF6 (piq = 1-phenylisoquinoline) (Ir3) were synthesized and characterized. Geometry optimization, molecular dynamics simulation and docking studies have been performed to further explore the antitumor mechanism. The cytotoxicity of Ir1-3 toward cancer cells was studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The localization of complexes Ir1-3 in the mitochondria, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential and morphological changes in apoptosis were investigated. Flow cytometry was applied to quantify fluorescence intensity and determine cell cycle distribution. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. The anti-tumor effect of Ir1 in vivo was evaluated. The results showed that Ir1-3 had high cytotoxicity to most tumor cells, especially to SGC-7901 cells with a low IC50 value. Ir1-3 can increase the intracellular ROS levels, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, the complexes induce an increase of apoptosis-related protein expression, enhance the percentage of apoptosis. The complexes inhibit the cell proliferation at G0/G1 phase. The results obtained from antitumor in vivo indicate that Ir1 can significantly inhibit the growth of tumors with an inhibitory rate of 54.08%. The docking studies show that complexes Ir1-3 interact with DNA through minor-groove intercalation, which increases the distance of DNA base pairs, leading to a change of DNA helix structure. These experimental and theoretical findings indicate that complexes Ir1-3 can induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells through the mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage pathways, and then exerting anti-tumor activity in vitro and vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Li Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rongxing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Juping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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26
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Yue J, Li L, Jiang C, Mei Q, Dong WF, Yan R. Riboflavin-based carbon dots with high singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7972-7978. [PMID: 34338706 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01291f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy, as an effective treatment for superficial tumors, has attracted more and more attention. The development of safe, biocompatible and in vivo photosensitive materials is helpful to promote photodynamic therapy. Here we report green fluorescent carbon quantum dots prepared from a natural vitamin, riboflavin (VB2), as a photosensitizer. The VB2-based carbon dots have excellent water solubility and biocompatibility, and their singlet oxygen generation ability is much stronger than that of riboflavin itself. Through endocytosis, the carbon dots can easily enter the cells and show bright green fluorescence. In vivo experiments show that after photodynamic therapy the carbon dots can significantly inhibit the growth of tumors, and will not have toxic and side effects on other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yue
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China and The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215153, P. R. China. and CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), 88 Keling Road, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China.
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), 88 Keling Road, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China.
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), 88 Keling Road, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China. and Jinan Guokeyigong Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Jinan 250103, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), 88 Keling Road, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), 88 Keling Road, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China. and Jinan Guokeyigong Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Jinan 250103, P. R. China.
| | - Ruhong Yan
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215153, P. R. China. and CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), 88 Keling Road, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China.
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27
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Liu B, Jiao J, Xu W, Zhang M, Cui P, Guo Z, Deng Y, Chen H, Sun W. Highly Efficient Far-Red/NIR-Absorbing Neutral Ir(III) Complex Micelles for Potent Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2100795. [PMID: 34219286 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A critical issue in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is inadequate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tumors, causing inevitable survival of tumor cells that usually results in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Existing photosensitizers frequently suffer from relatively low light-to-ROS conversion efficiency with far-red/near-infrared (NIR) light excitation due to low-lying excited states that lead to rapid non-radiative decays. Here, a neutral Ir(III) complex bearing distyryl boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY-Ir) is reported to efficiently produce both ROS and hyperthermia upon far-red light activation for potentiating in vivo tumor suppression through micellization of BODIPY-Ir to form "Micelle-Ir". BODIPY-Ir absorbs strongly at 550-750 nm with a band maximum at 685 nm, and possesses a long-lived triplet excited state with sufficient non-radiative decays. Upon micellization, BODIPY-Ir forms J-type aggregates within Micelle-Ir, which boosts both singlet oxygen generation and the photothermal effect through the high molar extinction coefficient and amplification of light-to-ROS/heat conversion, causing severe cell apoptosis. Bifunctional Micelle-Ir that accumulates in tumors completely destroys orthotopic 4T1 breast tumors via synergistic PDT/photothermal therapy (PTT) damage under light irradiation, and enables remarkable suppression of metastatic nodules in the lungs, together without significant dark cytotoxicity. The present study offers an emerging approach to develop far-red/NIR photosensitizers toward potent cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Jian Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Wan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Miya Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhengqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huabing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wenfang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
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28
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Yang X, Dou S, Zhang Q, Yang R, Liu Z, Li G, Niu Z. N,
N
‐heterocyclic Ancillary Ligands for Enhanced Photoluminescence Quantum Yields of Orange/Red‐Emitting 1‐(4‐(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isoquinoline‐Based Iridium (III) Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Han Yang
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Shao‐Bin Dou
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Rui‐Lian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Gao‐Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Zhi‐Gang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
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29
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Chan L, Chen X, Gao P, Xie J, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Chen T. Coordination-Driven Enhancement of Radiosensitization by Black Phosphorus via Regulating Tumor Metabolism. ACS Nano 2021; 15:3047-3060. [PMID: 33507069 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coordination-driven surface modification is an effective strategy to achieve nanosystem functionalization and improved physicochemical performance. Black phosphorus (BP)-based nanomaterials demonstrate great potential in cancer therapy, but their poor stability, low X-ray mass attenuation coefficient, and nonselectivity limit the application in radiotherapy. Herein, we used unsaturated iridium complex to coordinate with BP nanosheets to synthesize a two-dimensional layered nanosystem (RGD-Ir@BP) with higher biostability. Ir complex improves the photoelectric properties and photoinduced charge carrier dynamics of BP, hence Ir@BP generated more singlet oxygen after X-ray irradiation. In in vivo experiments, with X-ray irradiation, RGD-Ir@BP effectively inhibited nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumor growth but with minor side effects. Additionally, based on untargeted metabolomics analysis, the combined treatment specifically down-regulated the tumor proliferative mark of prostaglandin E2 in cancer cells. In general, this study provides a design strategy of high-performance coordination-driven BP-based nanosensitizer in cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leung Chan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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30
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Xiong K, Zhou Y, Lin X, Kou J, Lin M, Guan R, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as Mitochondria-targeting Photosensitizers against Cisplatin-resistant Cells †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:85-91. [PMID: 33617666 DOI: 10.1111/php.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Four iridium (III) complexes Ir1-Ir4 were synthesized and characterized. Possessing high singlet oxygen production ability and specific mitochondria-localization, Ir1 was developed as a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer. Ir1 exhibited strong phototoxicity against cancer cell line A549 and its corresponding cisplatin-resistant one A549R. In contrast, Ir1 showed low cytotoxicity toward normal cell HLF. This selectivity resulted from the different uptake amount. With 405 nm irradiation, Ir1 induced mitochondria-mediated cell death in A549R cells, achieving the overcome of drug-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Zhao X, Liu J, Fan J, Chao H, Peng X. Recent progress in photosensitizers for overcoming the challenges of photodynamic therapy: from molecular design to application. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4185-4219. [PMID: 33527104 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a therapeutic mode involving light triggering, has been recognized as an attractive oncotherapy treatment. However, nonnegligible challenges remain for its further clinical use, including finite tumor suppression, poor tumor targeting, and limited therapeutic depth. The photosensitizer (PS), being the most important element of PDT, plays a decisive role in PDT treatment. This review summarizes recent progress made in the development of PSs for overcoming the above challenges. This progress has included PSs developed to display enhanced tolerance of the tumor microenvironment, improved tumor-specific selectivity, and feasibility of use in deep tissue. Based on their molecular photophysical properties and design directions, the PSs are classified by parent structures, which are discussed in detail from the molecular design to application. Finally, a brief summary of current strategies for designing PSs and future perspectives are also presented. We expect the information provided in this review to spur the further design of PSs and the clinical development of PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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32
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Tan CP, Zhong YM, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Phosphorescent metal complexes as theranostic anticancer agents: combining imaging and therapy in a single molecule. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2357-2367. [PMID: 34164000 PMCID: PMC8179279 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06885c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorescent metal complexes are a new kind of multifunctional antitumor compounds that can integrate imaging and antitumor functions in a single molecule. In this minireview, we summarize the recent research progress in this field, concentrating on the theranostic applications of phosphorescent iridium(iii), ruthenium(ii) and rhenium(i) complexes. The molecular design that affords these complexes with tumour- or subcellular organelle-targeting properties is elucidated. The potential of these complexes to induce and monitor the dynamic behavior of subcellular organelles and the changes in microenvironment during the process of therapy is demonstrated. Moreover, the potential and advantages of applying new technologies, such as super-resolution imaging and phosphorescence lifetime imaging, are also described. Finally, the challenges faced in the development of novel theranostic metallo-anticancer complexes for possible clinical translation are proposed. The recent development in phosphorescent iridium, ruthenium and rhenium complexes as theranostic anticancer agents is summarized.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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33
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Shewring JR, Hodgson L, Bryant HL, Bullough PA, Weinstein JA, Verkade P. Refining a correlative light electron microscopy workflow using luminescent metal complexes. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 162:69-87. [PMID: 33707023 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential for increasing the application of Correlative Light Electron Microscopy (CLEM) technologies in life science research is hindered by the lack of suitable molecular probes that are emissive, photostable, and scatter electrons well. Most brightly fluorescent organic molecules are intrinsically poor electron-scatterers, while multi-metallic compounds scatter electrons well but are usually non-luminescent. Thus, the goal of CLEM to image the same object of interest on the continuous scale from hundreds of microns to nanometers remains a major challenge partially due to requirements for a single probe to be suitable for light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Some of the main CLEM probes, based on gold nanoparticles appended with fluorophores and quantum dots (QD) have presented significant drawbacks. Here we present an Iridium-based luminescent metal complex (Ir complex 1) as a probe and describe how we have developed a CLEM workflow based on such metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorna Hodgson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Bryant
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Per A Bullough
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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34
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Elgar CE, Otaif HY, Zhang X, Zhao J, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Beames JM, Pope SJA. Iridium(III) Sensitisers and Energy Upconversion: The Influence of Ligand Structure upon TTA-UC Performance. Chemistry 2021; 27:3427-3439. [PMID: 33242225 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Six substituted ligands based upon 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)quinoline-4-carboxylate and 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)quinoline-4-carboxylate have been synthesised in two steps from a range of commercially available isatin derivatives. These species are shown to be effective cyclometallating ligands for IrIII , yielding complexes of the form [Ir(C^N)2 (bipy)]PF6 (where C^N=cyclometallating ligand; bipy=2,2'-bipyridine). X-ray crystallographic studies on three examples demonstrate that the complexes adopt a distorted octahedral geometry wherein a cis-C,C and trans-N,N coordination mode is observed. Intraligand torsional distortions are evident in all cases. The IrIII complexes display photoluminescence in the red part of the visible region (668-693 nm), which is modestly tuneable through the ligand structure. The triplet lifetimes of the complexes are clearly influenced by the precise structure of the ligand in each case. Supporting computational (DFT) studies suggest that the differences in observed triplet lifetime are likely due to differing admixtures of ligand-centred versus MLCT character instilled by the facets of the ligand structure. Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) measurements demonstrate that the complexes based upon the 1-naphthyl derived ligands are viable photosensitisers with upconversion quantum efficiencies of 1.6-6.7 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Elgar
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
| | - Haleema Y Otaif
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Joseph M Beames
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
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35
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Vigueras G, Markova L, Novohradsky V, Marco A, Cutillas N, Kostrhunova H, Kasparkova J, Ruiz J, Brabec V. A photoactivated Ir(iii) complex targets cancer stem cells and induces secretion of damage-associated molecular patterns in melanoma cells characteristic of immunogenic cell death. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00856k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The new iridium complex selectively targets cancer stem cells and has potential to induce immunogenic cell death in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Vigueras
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lenka Markova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alicia Marco
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Cutillas
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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36
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Karges J, Chao H, Gasser G. Critical discussion of the applications of metal complexes for 2-photon photodynamic therapy. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:1035-1050. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Mengele AK, Müller C, Nauroozi D, Kupfer S, Dietzek B, Rau S. Molecular Scylla and Charybdis: Maneuvering between pH Sensitivity and Excited-State Localization in Ruthenium Bi(benz)imidazole Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12097-12110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Materials and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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38
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Bezzubov SI, Zharinova IS, Khusyainova AA, Kiselev YM, Taydakov IV, Varaksina EA, Metlin MT, Tobohova AS, Korshunov VM, Kozyukhin SA, Dolzhenko VD. Aromatic β‐Diketone as a Novel Anchoring Ligand in Iridium(III) Complexes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav I. Bezzubov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Irina S. Zharinova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119991 Moscow Russia
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Lenin's hills 1 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alfiya A. Khusyainova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119991 Moscow Russia
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Lenin's hills 1 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Yuri M. Kiselev
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Lenin's hills 1 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ilya V. Taydakov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences 53 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Evgenia A. Varaksina
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences 53 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Mikhail T. Metlin
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences 53 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Aiyyna S. Tobohova
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences 53 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University Institutsky per. 9 141700 Dolgoprudny Moscow Region Russia
| | - Vladislav M. Korshunov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences 53 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University 2‐ya Baumanskaya Str. 5/1 105005 Moscow Russia
| | - Sergei A. Kozyukhin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Vladimir D. Dolzhenko
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Lenin's hills 1 119991 Moscow Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky pr. 47 119991 Moscow Russia
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39
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Mandapati P, Braun JD, Lozada IB, Williams JAG, Herbert DE. Deep-Red Luminescence from Platinum(II) Complexes of N^ N-^ N-Amido Ligands with Benzannulated N-Heterocyclic Donor Arms. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12504-12517. [PMID: 32808773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic methodology for accessing narrow-band, deep-red phosphorescence from mononuclear Pt(II) complexes is presented. These charge-neutral complexes have the general structure (N^N-^N)PtCl, in which the Pt(II) centers are supported by benzannulated diarylamido ligand scaffolds bearing substituted quinolinyl and/or phenanthridinyl arms. Emission maxima ranging from 683 to 745 nm are observed, with lifetimes spanning from 850 to 4500 ns. In contrast to the corresponding proligands, benzannulation is found to counterintuitively but markedly blue-shift emission from metal complexes with differing degrees of ligand benzannulation but similar substitution patterns. This effect can be further tuned by incorporation of electron-releasing (Me, tBu) or electron-withdrawing (CF3) substituents in either the phenanthridine 2-position or quinoline 6-position. Compared with symmetric bis(quinoline) and bis(phenanthridine) architectures, "mixed" ligands incorporating one quinoline and one phenanthridine unit present a degree of charge transfer between the N-heterocyclic arms that is more pronounced in the proligands than in the Pt(II) complexes. The impact of benzannulation and ring-substitution on the structure and photophysical properties of both the proligands and their deep-red emitting Pt(II) complexes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Mandapati
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jason D Braun
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Issiah B Lozada
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - David E Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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40
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Ji S, Yang X, Chen X, Li A, Yan D, Xu H, Fei H. Structure-tuned membrane active Ir-complexed oligoarginine overcomes cancer cell drug resistance and triggers immune responses in mice. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9126-9133. [PMID: 34094193 PMCID: PMC8161536 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03975f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of chemotherapy, an important cancer treatment modality, is hindered by the frequently found drug-resistance phenomenon. Meanwhile, researchers have been enthused lately by the synergistic use of chemotherapy with emerging immunotherapeutic treatments. In an effort to address both of the two unmet needs, reported herein is a study on a series of membrane active iridium(iii) complexed oligoarginine peptides with a new cell death mechanism capable of overcoming drug resistance as well as stimulating immunological responses. A systematic structure-activity relationship study elucidated the interdependent effects of three structural factors, i.e., hydrophobicity, topology and cationicity, on the regulation of the cytotoxicity of the Ir(iii)-oligoarginine peptides. With the most prominent toxicities, Ir-complexed octaarginines (R8) were found to display a progressive oncotic cell death featuring cell membrane-penetration and eruptive cytoplasmic content release. Consequently, this membrane-centric death mechanism showed promising potential in overcoming multiple chemical drug-resistance of cancer cells. More interestingly, the eruptive mode of cell death proved to be immunogenic by stimulating the dendritic cell maturation and inflammatory factor accumulation in mice tumours. Taking these mechanisms together, this work demonstrates that membrane active compounds may become the next generation chemotherapeutics because of their combined advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Ji
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 PR China
| | - Xiuzhu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 PR China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 PR China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 PR China
| | - Doudou Yan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 PR China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 PR China
| | - Hao Fei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 PR China
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Seth SK, Purkayastha P. Unusually Large Singlet Oxygen (
1
O
2
) Production by Very Weakly Emissive Pyrene‐Functionalized Iridium(III) Complex: Interplay between Excited
3
ILCT/
3
IL and
3
MLCT States. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kanti Seth
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Mohanpur WB India
| | - Pradipta Purkayastha
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Mohanpur WB India
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Massue J, Ulrich G, Monti F, Barbieri A. Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing Ethynyl‐Extended 2‐(2'‐Hydroxyphenyl) Benzoxazole Ancillary Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Massue
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR CNRS 7515 Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR CNRS 7515 Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
| | - Filippo Monti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR CNRS 7515 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Barbieri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR CNRS 7515 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
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44
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Fontani M, Colombo A, Dragonetti C, Righetto S, Roberto D, Marinotto D. Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes with Curcuminoid Ligands as Active Second-Order NLO Chromophores and Building Blocks for SHG Polymeric Films. Inorganics 2020; 8:36. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8050036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of iridium(III) complexes having two cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridines and curcumin or tetrahydrocurcumin as ancillary ligand have been investigated both in solution and as guest in a polymeric organic matrix. In solution, these complexes are characterized by a significant second-order NLO response, as determined by the Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic (EFISH) technique, like the related complex with acetylacetonate. Whereas the low second-harmonic generation response of a composite film of [Ir(2-phenylpyridine)2(acetylacetonate)] in polymethyl methacrylate was not stable and fell down to zero upon turning off the electric field. A good and stable response was obtained with a film based on the iridium(III) complex bearing two cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridines and curcumin.
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Prieto-Montero R, Prieto-Castañeda A, Sola-Llano R, Agarrabeitia AR, García-Fresnadillo D, López-Arbeloa I, Villanueva A, Ortiz MJ, de la Moya S, Martínez-Martínez V. Exploring BODIPY Derivatives as Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers for PDT. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:458-477. [PMID: 32077486 DOI: 10.1111/php.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This minireview is devoted to honoring the memory of Dr. Thomas Dougherty, a pioneer of modern photodynamic therapy (PDT). It compiles the most important inputs made by our research group since 2012 in the development of new photosensitizers based on BODIPY chromophore which, thanks to the rich BODIPY chemistry, allows a finely tuned design of the photophysical properties of this family of dyes to serve as efficient photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen. These two factors, photophysical tuning and workable chemistry, have turned BODIPY chromophore as one of the most promising dyes for the development of improved photosensitizers for PDT. In this line, this minireview is mainly related to the establishment of chemical methods and structural designs for enabling efficient singlet oxygen generation in BODIPYs. The approaches include the incorporation of heavy atoms, such as halogens (iodine or bromine) in different number and positions on the BODIPY scaffold, and also transition metal atoms, by their complexation with Ir(III) center, for instance. On the other hand, low-toxicity approaches, without involving heavy metals, have been developed by preparing several orthogonal BODIPY dimers with different substitution patterns. The advantages and drawbacks of all these diverse molecular designs based on BODIPY structural framework are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sola-Llano
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo López-Arbeloa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
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Raza A, Archer SA, Fairbanks SD, Smitten KL, Botchway SW, Thomas JA, MacNeil S, Haycock JW. A Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complex Excited by Near-Infrared Light through Two-Photon Absorption Induces Phototoxicity Deep within Hypoxic Regions of Melanoma Cancer Spheroids. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4639-4647. [PMID: 32065521 PMCID: PMC7146853 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
dinuclear photo-oxidizing RuII complex [{Ru(TAP2)}2(tpphz)]4+ (TAP = 1,4,5,8- tetraazaphenanthrene,
tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c:3″,2′′-h:2‴,3′′′-j]phenazine), 14+, is readily
taken up by live cells localizing in mitochondria and nuclei. In this
study, the two-photon absorption cross section of 14+ is quantified and its use as a two-photon absorbing phototherapeutic
is reported. It was confirmed that the complex is readily photoexcited
using near-infrared, NIR, and light through two-photon absorption,
TPA. In 2-D cell cultures, irradiation with NIR light at low power
results in precisely focused phototoxicity effects in which human
melanoma cells were killed after 5 min of light exposure. Similar
experiments were then carried out in human cancer spheroids that provide
a realistic tumor model for the development of therapeutics and phototherapeutics.
Using the characteristic emission of the complex as a probe, its uptake
into 280 μm spheroids was investigated and confirmed that the
spheroid takes up the complex. Notably TPA excitation results in more
intense luminescence being observed throughout the depth of the spheroids,
although emission intensity still drops off toward the necrotic core.
As 14+ can directly photo-oxidize DNA without
the mediation of singlet oxygen or other reactive oxygen species,
phototoxicity within the deeper, hypoxic layers of the spheroids was
also investigated. To quantify the penetration of these phototoxic
effects, 14+ was photoexcited through TPA
at a power of 60 mW, which was progressively focused in 10 μm
steps throughout the entire z-axis of individual
spheroids. These experiments revealed that, in irradiated spheroids
treated with 14+, acute and rapid photoinduced
cell death was observed throughout their depth, including the hypoxic
region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahtasham Raza
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Stuart A Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Kirsty L Smitten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - James A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - John W Haycock
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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48
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Stonelake T, Phillips KA, Otaif HY, Edwardson ZC, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Beames JM, Pope SJA. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigation of Color Tuning in Deep-Red Luminescent Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2266-2277. [PMID: 32013422 PMCID: PMC7145353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic, neutral iridium(III) complexes of the form [Ir(L)2(N^O)] (where L = cyclometalated 2,3-disubstituted quinoxaline and N^O = ancillary picolinate or pyrazinoate) are described in terms of their synthesis and spectroscopic properties, with supporting computational analyses providing additional insight into the electronic properties. The 10 [Ir(L)2(N^O)] complexes were characterized using a range of analytical techniques (including 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR and IR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry). One of the examples was structurally characterized using X-ray diffraction. The redox properties were determined using cyclic voltammetry, and the electronic properties were investigated using UV-vis, time-resolved luminescence, and transient absorption spectroscopies. The complexes are phosphorescent in the red region of the visible spectrum (λem = 633-680 nm), with lifetimes typically of hundreds of nanoseconds and quantum yields ca. 5% in aerated chloroform. A combination of spectroscopic and computational analyses suggests that the long-wavelength absorption and emission properties of these complexes are strongly characterized by a combination of spin-forbidden metal-to-ligand charge-transfer and quinoxaline-centered transitions. The emission wavelength in these complexes can thus be controlled in two ways: first, substitution of the cyclometalating quinoxaline ligand can perturb both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels (LUMO, Cl atoms on the ligand induce the largest bathochromic shift), and second, the choice of the ancillary ligand can influence the HOMO energy (pyrazinoate stabilizes the HOMO, inducing hypsochromic shifts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
M. Stonelake
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | - Kaitlin A. Phillips
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | - Haleema Y. Otaif
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | | | - Peter N. Horton
- U.K.
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and
Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Simon J. Coles
- U.K.
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and
Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Joseph M. Beames
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | - Simon J. A. Pope
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
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Liu C, Liu X, Ge X, Wang Q, Zhang L, Shang W, Zhang Y, Yuan XA, Tian L, Liu Z, You J. Fluorescent iridium(iii) coumarin-salicylaldehyde Schiff base compounds as lysosome-targeted antitumor agents. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5988-5998. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent iridium(iii) coumarin-salicylaldehyde Schiff base antitumor compounds change the ROS and ΔΨm, induce lysosomal damage, and lead to apoptosis.
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50
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