1
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Ueberham L, Schädlich J, Schramke K, Braun S, Selg C, Laube M, Lönnecke P, Pietzsch J, Hey-Hawkins E. Carborane-Based Analogs of Celecoxib and Flurbiprofen, their COX Inhibition Potential, and COX Selectivity Index. ChemMedChem 2025:e2500166. [PMID: 40128115 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202500166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2025] [Revised: 03/22/2025] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/26/2025]
Abstract
The cylcooxygenase isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 are involved in the production of prostaglandins in physiological and pathological processes. The overexpression of COX-2 under inflammatory conditions, its role in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases necessitates the need to develop and improve nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These mainly unselective COX inhibitors, e.g. aspirin, are used to reduce the symptoms of inflammation. To reduce unwanted side effects connected with unselective inhibition, the development of novel COX-2 selective inhibitors is a major goal. Herein, the synthesis, characterization and in vitro biological evaluation of eight flurbiprofen- and celecoxib-based carborane analogs are described. Carboranes as hydrophobic surrogates are suitable substituents that can contribute to a selectivity increase toward COX-2 due to size exclusion. The inhibitory efficacy for COX-1 and COX-2 of the four ortho- and four nido-carborane derivatives has been tested. The nido compounds are much more potent than their closo-carborane analogs. The celecoxib-based nido-carborane compound 10 shows an IC50(COX-2) value in the sub-μM range and slight selectivity for COX-2. This is in contrast to its ortho-carborane counterpart 9, which shows an inhibition preference for COX-1. While none of these carborane derivatives outperforms their organic analogs, the flurbiprofen-based nido-carborane derivatives 14a and 14b surpass the known carborane-based flurbiprofen analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Ueberham
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Schädlich
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kim Schramke
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Braun
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Selg
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department of Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Arany Janos Nr. 11, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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2
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Lu W, Aihaiti A, Abudukeranmu P, Liu Y, Gao H. Arachidonic acid metabolism as a novel pathogenic factor in gastrointestinal cancers. Mol Cell Biochem 2025; 480:1225-1239. [PMID: 38963615 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a major global health burden, representing 20% of all cancer diagnoses and 22.5% of global cancer-related deaths. Their aggressive nature and resistance to treatment pose a significant challenge, with late-stage survival rates below 15% at five years. Therefore, there is an urgent need to delve deeper into the mechanisms of gastrointestinal cancer progression and optimize treatment strategies. Increasing evidence highlights the active involvement of abnormal arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in various cancers. AA is a fatty acid mainly metabolized into diverse bioactive compounds by three enzymes: cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. Abnormal AA metabolism and altered levels of its metabolites may play a pivotal role in the development of GI cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review highlights a unique perspective by focusing on the abnormal metabolism of AA and its involvement in GI cancers. We summarize the latest advancements in understanding AA metabolism in GI cancers, outlining changes in AA levels and their potential role in liver, colorectal, pancreatic, esophageal, gastric, and gallbladder cancers. Moreover, we also explore the potential of targeting abnormal AA metabolism for future therapies, considering the current need to explore AA metabolism in GI cancers and outlining promising avenues for further research. Ultimately, such investigations aim to improve treatment options for patients with GI cancers and pave the way for better cancer management in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Lu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Yajun Liu
- Aksu First People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huihui Gao
- Cancer Center, Department of Hospital Infection Management and Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Selg C, Grell T, Brakel A, Andrews PC, Hoffmann R, Hey-Hawkins E. Fusing Bismuth and Mercaptocarboranes: Design and Biological Evaluation of Low-Toxicity Antimicrobial Thiolato Complexes. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300759. [PMID: 38263504 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
This study proposes an innovative strategy to enhance the pharmacophore model of antimicrobial bismuth thiolato complex drugs by substituting hydrocarbon ligand structures with boron clusters, particularly icosahedral closo-dicarbadodecaborane (C2B10H12, carboranes). The hetero- and homoleptic mercaptocarborane complexes BiPh2L (1) and BiL3 (2) (L=9-S-1,2-C2B10H11) were prepared from 9-mercaptocarborane (HL) and triphenylbismuth. Comprehensive characterization using NMR, IR, MS, and XRD techniques confirmed their successful synthesis. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity in a liquid broth microdilution assay demonstrated micromolar to submicromolar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) suggesting high effectiveness against S. aureus and limited efficacy against E. coli. This study highlights the potential of boron-containing bismuth complexes as promising antimicrobial agents, especially targeting Gram-positive bacteria, thus contributing to the advancement of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Selg
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toni Grell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milano, Via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alexandra Brakel
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philip C Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Grams RJ, Santos WL, Scorei IR, Abad-García A, Rosenblum CA, Bita A, Cerecetto H, Viñas C, Soriano-Ursúa MA. The Rise of Boron-Containing Compounds: Advancements in Synthesis, Medicinal Chemistry, and Emerging Pharmacology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2441-2511. [PMID: 38382032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds (BCC) have emerged as important pharmacophores. To date, five BCC drugs (including boronic acids and boroles) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cancer, infections, and atopic dermatitis, while some natural BCC are included in dietary supplements. Boron's Lewis acidity facilitates a mechanism of action via formation of reversible covalent bonds within the active site of target proteins. Boron has also been employed in the development of fluorophores, such as BODIPY for imaging, and in carboranes that are potential neutron capture therapy agents as well as novel agents in diagnostics and therapy. The utility of natural and synthetic BCC has become multifaceted, and the breadth of their applications continues to expand. This review covers the many uses and targets of boron in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Antonio Abad-García
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carol Ann Rosenblum
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrei Bita
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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5
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Kassab AE, Gedawy EM. Recent Advancements in Refashioning of NSAIDs and their Derivatives as Anticancer Candidates. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1217-1239. [PMID: 38584541 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128304230240327044201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is critical to the formation and development of tumors and is closely associated with cancer. Therefore, addressing inflammation and the mediators that contribute to the inflammatory process may be a useful strategy for both cancer prevention and treatment. Tumor predisposition can be attributed to inflammation. It has been demonstrated that NSAIDs can modify the tumor microenvironment by enhancing apoptosis and chemosensitivity and reducing cell migration. There has been a recent rise in interest in drug repositioning or repurposing because the development of innovative medications is expensive, timeconsuming, and presents a considerable obstacle to drug discovery. Repurposing drugs is crucial for the quicker and less expensive development of anticancer medicines, according to an increasing amount of research. This review summarizes the antiproliferative activity of derivatives of NSAIDs such as Diclofenac, Etodolac, Celecoxib, Ibuprofen, Tolmetin, and Sulindac, published between 2017 and 2023. Their mechanism of action and structural activity relationships (SARs) were also discussed to set the path for potential future repositioning of NSAIDs for clinical deployment in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Ehab M Gedawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, P.O. Box 11829, Egypt
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6
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Braun S, Jelača S, Laube M, George S, Hofmann B, Lönnecke P, Steinhilber D, Pietzsch J, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Hey-Hawkins E. Synthesis and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of p-Carborane-Based Di- tert-butylphenol Analogs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114547. [PMID: 37299023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting inflammatory mediators and related signaling pathways may offer a rational strategy for the treatment of cancer. The incorporation of metabolically stable, sterically demanding, and hydrophobic carboranes in dual cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2)/5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors that are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of eicosanoids is a promising approach. The di-tert-butylphenol derivatives R-830, S-2474, KME-4, and E-5110 represent potent dual COX-2/5-LO inhibitors. The incorporation of p-carborane and further substitution of the p-position resulted in four carborane-based di-tert-butylphenol analogs that showed no or weak COX inhibition but high 5-LO inhibitory activities in vitro. Cell viability studies on five human cancer cell lines revealed that the p-carborane analogs R-830-Cb, S-2474-Cb, KME-4-Cb, and E-5110-Cb exhibited lower anticancer activity compared to the related di-tert-butylphenols. Interestingly, R-830-Cb did not affect the viability of primary cells and suppressed HCT116 cell proliferation more potently than its carbon-based R-830 counterpart. Considering all the advantages of boron cluster incorporation for enhancement of drug biostability, selectivity, and availability of drugs, R-830-Cb can be tested in further mechanistic and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Braun
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sanja Jelača
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven George
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bettina Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Useini L, Mojić M, Laube M, Lönnecke P, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Pietzsch J, Hey-Hawkins E. Carborane Analogues of Fenoprofen Exhibit Improved Antitumor Activity. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200583. [PMID: 36583943 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fenoprofen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) against rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative joint disease, ankylosing spondylitis and gout. Like other NSAIDs, fenoprofen inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins by blocking both cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, COX-1 the "house-keeping" enzyme and COX-2 the induced isoform from pathological stimuli. Unselective inhibition of both COX isoforms results in many side effects, but off-target effects have also been reported. The steric modifications of the drugs could afford the desired COX-2 selectivity. Furthermore, NSAIDs have shown promising cytotoxic properties. The structural modification of fenoprofen using bulky dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) (carborane) clusters and the biological evaluation of the carborane analogues for COX inhibition and antitumor potential showed that the carborane analogues exhibit stronger antitumor potential compared to their respective aryl-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liridona Useini
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marija Mojić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Useini L, Mojić M, Laube M, Lönnecke P, Dahme J, Sárosi MB, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Pietzsch J, Hey-Hawkins E. Carboranyl Analogues of Mefenamic Acid and Their Biological Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24282-24291. [PMID: 35874202 PMCID: PMC9301635 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mefenamic acid represents a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to treat the pain of postoperative surgery and heavy menstrual bleeding. Like other NSAIDs, mefenamic acid inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins by nonselectively blocking cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms COX-1 and COX-2. For the improved selectivity of the drug and, therefore, reduced related side effects, the carborane analogues of mefenamic acid were evaluated. The ortho-, meta-, and para-carborane derivatives were synthesized in three steps: halogenation of the respective cluster, followed by a Pd-catalyzed B-N coupling and hydrolysis of the nitrile derivatives under acidic conditions. The COX inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity for different cancer cell lines revealed that the carborane analogues have stronger antitumor potential compared to their parent organic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liridona Useini
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marija Mojić
- Department
of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”,
National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Markus Laube
- Department
of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Dahme
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Menyhárt B. Sárosi
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department
of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”,
National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department
of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”,
National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department
of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Messner K, Vuong B, Tranmer GK. The Boron Advantage: The Evolution and Diversification of Boron’s Applications in Medicinal Chemistry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030264. [PMID: 35337063 PMCID: PMC8948683 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the history of boron’s early use in drugs, and the history of the use of boron functional groups in medicinal chemistry applications are discussed. This includes diazaborines, boronic acids, benzoxaboroles, boron clusters, and carboranes. Furthermore, critical developments from these functional groups are highlighted along with recent developments, which exemplify potential prospects. Lastly, the application of boron in the form of a prodrug, softdrug, and as a nanocarrier are discussed to showcase boron’s emergence into new and exciting fields. Overall, we emphasize the evolution of organoboron therapeutic agents as privileged structures in medicinal chemistry and outline the impact that boron has had on drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Messner
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (K.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Billy Vuong
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (K.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Geoffrey K. Tranmer
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (K.M.); (B.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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10
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Role of Biomarkers in the Integrated Management of Melanoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2021:6238317. [PMID: 35003391 PMCID: PMC8739586 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6238317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, which is an aggressive skin cancer, is currently the fifth and seventh most common cancer in men and women, respectively. The American Cancer Society reported that approximately 106,110 new cases of melanoma were diagnosed in the United States in 2021, with 7,180 people dying from the disease. This information could facilitate the early detection of possible metastatic lesions and the development of novel therapeutic techniques for melanoma. Additionally, early detection of malignant melanoma remains an objective of melanoma research. Recently, melanoma treatment has substantially improved, given the availability of targeted treatments and immunotherapy. These developments have highlighted the significance of identifying biomarkers for prognosis and predicting therapy response. Biomarkers included tissue protein expression, circulating DNA detection, and genetic alterations in cancer cells. Improved diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are becoming increasingly relevant in melanoma treatment, with the development of newer and more targeted treatments. Here, the author discusses the aspects of biomarkers in the real-time management of patients with melanoma.
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11
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Haas MJ, Warda F, Bikkina P, Landicho MA, Kapadia P, Parekh S, Mooradian AD. Differential effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 142:106948. [PMID: 34843981 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor rofecoxib was pulled off the market because of its association with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular effects. The precise underlying mechanism for the differential effects of COX-2 inhibitors on cardiovascular risk is not known. Since endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in atherogenesis, we examined the effects of COX-2 inhibitors on ER stress in primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC). ER stress was measured in HCAEC treated with either tunicamycin (TM) or high-concentrations (27.5 mM) of dextrose (HD) using the secreted alkaline phosphatase (ES-TRAP) assay. Markers of the unfolded protein response (UPR) such as activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), phospho-IRE1α, protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and phospho-PERK were measured by Western blot. Treatment of HCAEC with TM and HD decreased secreted alkaline phosphatase activity indicating increased ER stress. Treatment of cells exposed to TM or HD with celecoxib, meloxicam, ibuprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid, but not rofecoxib, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in ER stress. High-dextrose and TM increased IRE1α and PERK phosphorylation and ATF6 and GRP78 expression. Treatment with celecoxib, but not rofecoxib, inhibited these markers of the UPR. Treatment with selective COX-2 inhibitors, with the exception of rofecoxib, suppressed ER stress as measured with both alkaline phosphatase activity assays and markers for the UPR. The inability of rofecoxib to inhibit ER stress, unlike the other cyclooxygenase inhibitors tested, may have contributed to its unfavorable effects on cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Haas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA..
| | - Firas Warda
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Priyanka Bikkina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Marie Angelica Landicho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Poonam Kapadia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Shrina Parekh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Arshag D Mooradian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
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12
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Bellomo C, Zanetti D, Cardano F, Sinha S, Chaari M, Fin A, Maranzana A, Núñez R, Blangetti M, Prandi C. Red light-emitting Carborane-BODIPY dyes: Synthesis and properties of visible-light tuned fluorophores with enhanced boron content. DYES AND PIGMENTS 2021; 194:109644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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13
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Abstract
"There's plenty of room at the bottom" (Richard Feynman, 1959): an invitation for (metalla)carboranes to enter the (new) field of nanomedicine. For two decades, the number of publications on boron cluster compounds designed for potential applications in medicine has been constantly increasing. Hundreds of compounds have been screened in vitro or in vivo for a variety of biological activities (chemotherapeutics, radiotherapeutics, antiviral, etc.), and some have shown rather promising potential for further development. However, until now, no boron cluster compounds have made it to the clinic, and even clinical trials have been very sparse. This review introduces a new perspective in the field of medicinal boron chemistry, namely that boron-based drugs should be regarded as nanomedicine platforms, due to their peculiar self-assembly behaviour in aqueous solutions, and treated as such. Examples for boron-based 12- and 11-vertex clusters and appropriate comparative studies from medicinal (in)organic chemistry and nanomedicine, highlighting similarities, differences and gaps in physicochemical and biological characterisation methods, are provided to encourage medicinal boron chemists to fill in the gaps between chemistry laboratory and real applications in living systems by employing bioanalytical and biophysical methods for characterising and controlling the aggregation behaviour of the clusters in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gozzi
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and MineralogyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and MineralogyLeipzig UniversityLinnéstr. 304103LeipzigGermany
- Institute of Medicinal Physics and BiophysicsFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityHärtelstr. 16–1804107LeipzigGermany
| | - Benedikt Schwarze
- Institute of Medicinal Physics and BiophysicsFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityHärtelstr. 16–1804107LeipzigGermany
| | - Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and MineralogyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2904103LeipzigGermany
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14
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Saretz S, Basset G, Useini L, Laube M, Pietzsch J, Drača D, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Trambauer J, Steiner H, Hey-Hawkins E. Modulation of γ-Secretase Activity by a Carborane-Based Flurbiprofen Analogue. Molecules 2021; 26:2843. [PMID: 34064783 PMCID: PMC8151329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All over the world, societies are facing rapidly aging populations combined with a growing number of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). One focus in pharmaceutical research to address this issue is on the reduction of the longer amyloid-β (Aβ) fragments in the brain by modulation of γ-secretase, a membrane-bound protease. R-Flurbiprofen (tarenflurbil) was studied in this regard but failed to show significant improvement in AD patients in a phase 3 clinical trial. This was mainly attributed to its low ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we present the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a racemic meta-carborane analogue of flurbiprofen. By introducing the carborane moiety, the hydrophobicity could be shifted into a more favourable range for the penetration of the blood-brain barrier, evident by a logD7.4 value of 2.0. Furthermore, our analogue retained γ-secretase modulator activity in comparison to racemic flurbiprofen in a cell-based assay. These findings demonstrate the potential of carboranes as phenyl mimetics also in AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Saretz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (L.U.)
- Chemische Biologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gabriele Basset
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 München, Germany; (G.B.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Liridona Useini
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (L.U.)
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (M.L.); (J.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dijana Drača
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (D.M.-I.)
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (D.M.-I.)
| | - Johannes Trambauer
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 München, Germany; (G.B.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Harald Steiner
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 München, Germany; (G.B.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
- German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (L.U.)
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15
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Horáček O, Papajová-Janetková M, Grüner B, Lochman L, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P, Vespalec R, Kučera R. The first chiral HPLC separation of dicarba-nido-undecarborate anions and their chromatographic behavior. Talanta 2021; 222:121652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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van der Zanden SY, Luimstra JJ, Neefjes J, Borst J, Ovaa H. Opportunities for Small Molecules in Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:493-511. [PMID: 32381382 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has proven remarkably successful through instigation of systemic antitumor T cell responses. Despite this achievement, further advancements are needed to expand the scope of susceptible cancer types and overcome variation in treatment outcomes between patients. Small-molecule drugs targeting defined pathways and/or cells capable of immune modulation are expected to substantially improve efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Small-molecule drugs possess unique properties compatible with systemic administration and amenable to both extracellular and intracellular targets. These compounds can modify molecular pathways to overcome immune tolerance and suppression towards effective antitumor responses. Here, we provide an overview of how such effects might be achieved by combining immunotherapy with conventional and/or new small-molecule chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Y van der Zanden
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien J Luimstra
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jannie Borst
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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17
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Tudor DV, Bâldea I, Lupu M, Kacso T, Kutasi E, Hopârtean A, Stretea R, Gabriela Filip A. COX-2 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in melanoma. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:20-31. [PMID: 32296574 PMCID: PMC7142851 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With a constantly increasing incidence, cutaneous melanoma has raised the need for a better understanding of its complex microenvironment that may further guide therapeutic options. Melanoma is a model tumor in immuno-oncology. Inflammation represents an important hallmark of cancer capable of inducing and sustaining tumor development. The inflammatory process also orchestrates the adaptative immunosuppression of tumor cells that helps them to evade immune destruction. Besides its role in proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a well-known promoter of immune suppression in melanoma. COX-2 inhibitors are closely involved in this condition. This review attempts to answer two controversial questions: is COX-2 a valuable prognostic factor? Among all COX-2 inhibitors, is celecoxib a suitable adjuvant in melanoma therapy?
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Valentina Tudor
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Ioana Bâldea
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Mihai Lupu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Teodor Kacso
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Eniko Kutasi
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Andreea Hopârtean
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Roland Stretea
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Adriana Gabriela Filip
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
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18
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Stockmann P, Gozzi M, Kuhnert R, Sárosi MB, Hey-Hawkins E. New keys for old locks: carborane-containing drugs as platforms for mechanism-based therapies. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3497-3512. [PMID: 31214680 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00197b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Icosahedral carboranes in medicine are still an emerging class of compounds with potential beneficial applications in drug design. These highly hydrophobic clusters are potential "new keys for old locks" which open up an exciting field of research for well-known, but challenging important therapeutic substrates, as demonstrated by the numerous examples discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Stockmann
- Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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