1
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M S A, K C, Bhargavan RV, Somanathan T, Subhadradevi L. An overview on liposarcoma subtypes: Genetic alterations and recent advances in therapeutic strategies. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:227-240. [PMID: 38696048 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a rare malignancy of adipocytic differentiation. According to World Health Organization classification, LPS comprises of four principle subtypes Atypical lipomatous tumor/Well-differentiated liposarcoma (ATL/WDLPS), Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS), Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS), and Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS). Each subtype can develop at any location and shows distinct clinical behavior and treatment sensitivity. ATL/ WDLPS subtype has a higher incidence rate, low recurrence, and is insensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. DDLPS is the focal progression of WDLPS, which is aggressive and highly metastasizing. MLPS is sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy, with a higher recurrence rate and metastasis. PLPS subtype is highly metastasizing, has a poor prognosis, and exhibiting higher recurrence rate. Initial histological analysis provides information for the characterization of LPS subtypes', further molecular and genetic analysis provides certain subtype specifications, such as gene amplifications and gene fusions. Such molecular genetic alterations will be useful as therapeutic targets in various cancers, including the LPS subtypes. A wide range of novel therapeutic agents based on genetic alterations that aim to target LPS subtypes specifically are under investigation. This review summarizes the LPS subtype classification, their molecular genetic characteristics, and the implications of genetic alterations in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju M S
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Chandramohan K
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Rexeena V Bhargavan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Thara Somanathan
- Division of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Lakshmi Subhadradevi
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India.
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Anastasiou M, Kyriazoglou A, Kotsantis I, Economopoulou P, Kyrkasiadou M, Giannopoulou A, Kosmidou A, Smerdi D, Moutafi M, Gavrielatou N, Psyrri A. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in sarcomas: a systematic review. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2023; 20:100407. [PMID: 38192615 PMCID: PMC10772240 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Sarcomas are tumors that originate from mesenchymal cells. The variety of sarcomas' response to chemotherapy and the wide range of prognosis reflect their heterogeneity. In order to improve the rates of response, the research has been orientated toward other forms of therapy, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapy or toward combinations of them. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been the highlight of immunotherapy in the last decade. Although ICIs are already included in the guidelines of different malignancies, their clinical benefit in sarcomas is still under study. Alveolar soft part sarcomas, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas and other subtypes of sarcoma with high presence of tertiary lymphoid structures tend to respond to ICIs, but further investigation is still needed. Furthermore, the search of predictive biomarkers to determine the type of sarcomas that are sensitive to ICIs is still very challenging. This review will focus on the results of clinical trials, which examine the effect of ICIs and their combination with chemotherapy, targeted therapies and other forms of immunotherapy in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Anastasiou
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A. Kyriazoglou
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - I. Kotsantis
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - P. Economopoulou
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M. Kyrkasiadou
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A. Giannopoulou
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A. Kosmidou
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - D. Smerdi
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M. Moutafi
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - N. Gavrielatou
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A. Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Okada S, Muraoka D, Yasui K, Tawara I, Kawamura A, Okamoto S, Mineno J, Seo N, Shiku H, Eguchi S, Ikeda H. T cell receptor gene-modified allogeneic T cells with siRNA for endogenous T cell receptor induce efficient tumor regression without graft-versus-host disease. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4172-4183. [PMID: 37675556 PMCID: PMC10637063 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using genetically engineered patient-derived lymphocytes to express tumor-reactive receptors is a promising treatment for malignancy. However, utilization of autologous T cells in this therapy limits the quality of gene-engineered T cells, thereby inhibiting the timely infusion of the cells into patients. In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy and the potential to induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in T cell receptor (TCR) gene-engineered allogeneic T cells that downregulate the endogenous TCR and HLA class I molecules with the aim of developing an "off-the-shelf" cell product with expanded application of genetically engineered T cells. We transduced human lymphocytes with a high-affinity TCR specific to the cancer/testis antigen NY-ESO-1 using a novel retrovirus vector with siRNAs specific to the endogenous TCR (siTCR vector). These T cells showed reduced expression of endogenous TCR and minimized reactivity to allogeneic cells in vitro. In non-obese diabetic/SCID/γcnull mice, TCR gene-transduced T cells induced tumor regression without development of GVHD. A lentivirus-based CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting β-2 microglobulin in TCR gene-modified T cells silenced the HLA class I expression and prevented allogeneic CD8+ T cell stimulation without disrupting their anti-tumor capacity. This report is the first demonstration that siTCR technology is effective in preventing GVHD. Adoptive cell therapy with allogeneic T cells engineered with siTCR vector may be useful in developing an "off-the-shelf" therapy for patients with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Okada
- Department of OncologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
- Department of SurgeryNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Daisuke Muraoka
- Department of OncologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
- Division of Translational OncoimmunologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasui
- Department of OncologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Isao Tawara
- Department of Hematology and OncologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineMieJapan
| | | | | | | | - Naohiro Seo
- Department of Personalized Cancer ImmunotherapyMie University Graduate School of MedicineMieJapan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Personalized Cancer ImmunotherapyMie University Graduate School of MedicineMieJapan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of SurgeryNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of OncologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
- Leading Medical Research Core UnitNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
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4
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Zhou H, Ma Y, Liu F, Li B, Qiao D, Ren P, Wang M. Current advances in cancer vaccines targeting NY-ESO-1 for solid cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1255799. [PMID: 37731507 PMCID: PMC10508181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1255799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
New York-esophageal cancer 1 (NY-ESO-1) belongs to the cancer testis antigen (CTA) family, and has been identified as one of the most immunogenic tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) among the family members. Given its ability to trigger spontaneous humoral and cellular immune response and restricted expression, NY-ESO-1 has emerged as one of the most promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer vaccines, an important element of cancer immunotherapy, function by presenting an exogenous source of TAA proteins, peptides, and antigenic epitopes to CD4+ T cells via major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and to CD8+ T cells via major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). These mechanisms further enhance the immune response against TAAs mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and helper T cells. NY-ESO-1-based cancer vaccines have a history of nearly two decades, starting from the first clinical trial conducted in 2003. The current cancer vaccines targeting NY-ESO-1 have various types, including Dendritic cells (DC)-based vaccines, peptide vaccines, protein vaccines, viral vaccines, bacterial vaccines, therapeutic whole-tumor cell vaccines, DNA vaccines and mRNA vaccines, which exhibit their respective benefits and obstacles in the development and application. Here, we summarized the current advances in cancer vaccines targeting NY-ESO-1 for solid cancer treatment, aiming to provide perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yipeng Ma
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fenglan Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongjuan Qiao
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peigen Ren
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Al-Marayaty R, Pollack SM. Pushing forward in sarcoma with a new TCR targeting NY-ESO-1. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101159. [PMID: 37586326 PMCID: PMC10439265 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
A phase 1 trial demonstrating the safety and efficacy of a novel NY-ESO-1-specific TCR-T cells by Pan et al.1 is a major step forward for adoptive T cell therapy in the clinical practice of advanced soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusul Al-Marayaty
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.
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6
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Crombé A, Roulleau‐Dugage M, Italiano A. The diagnosis, classification, and treatment of sarcoma in this era of artificial intelligence and immunotherapy. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1288-1313. [PMID: 36260064 PMCID: PMC9759765 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a group of rare and heterogeneous tumors associated with several challenges, including incorrect or late diagnosis, the lack of clinical expertise, and limited therapeutic options. Digital pathology and radiomics represent transformative technologies that appear promising for improving the accuracy of cancer diagnosis, characterization and monitoring. Herein, we review the potential role of the application of digital pathology and radiomics in managing patients with STS. We have particularly described the main results and the limits of the studies using radiomics to refine diagnosis or predict the outcome of patients with soft-tissue sarcomas. We also discussed the current limitation of implementing radiomics in routine settings. Standard management approaches for STS have not improved since the early 1970s. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment; nonetheless, immuno-oncology agents have not yet been approved for patients with STS. However, several lines of evidence indicate that immunotherapy may represent an efficient therapeutic strategy for this group of diseases. Thus, we emphasized the remarkable potential of immunotherapy in sarcoma treatment by focusing on recent data regarding the immune landscape of these tumors. We have particularly emphasized the fact that the development of immunotherapy for sarcomas is not an aspect of histology (except for alveolar soft-part sarcoma) but rather that of the tumor microenvironment. Future studies investigating immunotherapy strategies in sarcomas should incorporate at least the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures as a stratification factor in their design, besides including a strong translational program that will allow for a better understanding of the determinants involved in sensitivity and treatment resistance to immune-oncology agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Crombé
- Department of ImagingInstitut BergoniéBordeauxNouvelle‐AquitaineF‐33076France,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxNouvelle‐AquitaineF‐33000France
| | | | - Antoine Italiano
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxNouvelle‐AquitaineF‐33000France,Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma UnitInstitut BergoniéBordeauxNouvelle‐AquitaineF‐33076France
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7
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Song Z, Lu L, Gao Z, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Sun L, Zhou Y. Immunotherapy for liposarcoma: emerging opportunities and challenges. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3449-3461. [PMID: 36214331 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a rare adipocyte-derived malignancy accounting for 20% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Although surgery and chemotherapy are the standard treatment for LPS, the large tumor burden and high recurrence rate make it difficult to treat, especially when the disease progresses. With the progress of immunotherapies in other tumors such as melanoma and lung cancer, interest has been risen in exploring immunotherapy for LPS. This review discusses the understanding of the tumor microenvironment of LPS; the current status of immunotherapy in LPS, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses and combination therapies; and the future directions for exploiting strategies to make the effect of immunotherapy stronger and more durable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Lu
- Biotherapy Centre, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zixu Gao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiwen Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Biotherapy Centre, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Resag A, Toffanin G, Benešová I, Müller L, Potkrajcic V, Ozaniak A, Lischke R, Bartunkova J, Rosato A, Jöhrens K, Eckert F, Strizova Z, Schmitz M. The Immune Contexture of Liposarcoma and Its Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194578. [PMID: 36230502 PMCID: PMC9559230 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcomas (LPS) are the most frequent malignancies in the soft tissue sarcoma family and consist of five distinctive histological subtypes, termed well-differentiated LPS, dedifferentiated LPS (DDLPS), myxoid LPS (MLPS), pleomorphic LPS, and myxoid pleomorphic LPS. They display variations in genetic alterations, clinical behavior, and prognostic course. While accumulating evidence implicates a crucial role of the tumor immune contexture in shaping the response to anticancer treatments, the immunological landscape of LPS is highly variable across different subtypes. Thus, DDLPS is characterized by a higher abundance of infiltrating T cells, yet the opposite was reported for MLPS. Interestingly, a recent study indicated that the frequency of pre-existing T cells in soft tissue sarcomas has a predictive value for immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy. Additionally, B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures were identified as potential biomarkers for the clinical outcome of LPS patients and response to CPI therapy. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that macrophages, predominantly of M2 polarization, are frequently associated with poor prognosis. An improved understanding of the complex LPS immune contexture enables the design and refinement of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize recent studies focusing on the clinicopathological, genetic, and immunological determinants of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Resag
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Toffanin
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Iva Benešová
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luise Müller
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vlatko Potkrajcic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andrej Ozaniak
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Lischke
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zuzana Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +420-604712471 (Z.S.); +49-351-458-6501 (M.S.)
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +420-604712471 (Z.S.); +49-351-458-6501 (M.S.)
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9
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Sarcoma Common MHC-I Haplotype Restricts Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Response. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143414. [PMID: 35884474 PMCID: PMC9322060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint pathways have recently attracted great attention in cancer treatment, but better strategies are needed to identify patients likely to benefit from it. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in cancer cells greatly influences the outcome of T cell-mediated immunotherapy. Here, we determined the prevalent HLA class I allelic variants in a sarcoma population. We characterized patient CD8+ T-cells and demonstrated low cytolysis to autologous tumor cells. Moreover, we used a co-culture model of autologous T-cells and PD-L1-deficient or positive biopsies of rare sarcomas to determine whether HLA-I influences tumor survival. Abstract The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in cancer cells has a crucial impact on the outcome of T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. We now determined the HLA class I allelic variants and their expression in PD-L1-deficient and positive rare sarcoma tissues. Tumor tissues were HLA-I classified based on HLA-A and -B alleles, and for class II, the HLA-DR-B by Taqman genomic PCRs. The HLA-A24*:10-B73*:01 haplotype was the most common. A general down-regulation or deletion of HLA-B mRNA and HLA-A was observed, compared to HLA-DR-B. HLA-I was almost too low to be detectable by immunohistochemistry and 32% of grade III cases were positive to PD-L1. Functional cytotoxic assays co-culturing patient biopsies with autologous T cells were used to assess their ability to kill matched tumor cells. These results establish that deletion of HLA-I loci together with their down-regulation in individual patient restrict the autologous lymphocyte cytotoxic activity, even in the presence of the immune checkpoint blocking antibody, Nivolumab. Additionally, the proposed cytotoxic test suggests a strategy to assess the sensitivity of tumor cells to T cell-mediated attack at the level of the individual patient.
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Banks LB, D'Angelo SP. The Role of Immunotherapy in the Management of Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Current Landscape and Future Outlook. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2022; 20:834-844. [PMID: 35830892 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2022.7027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a subset of sarcoma, a rare group of heterogeneous malignancies of mesenchymal origin. Current standard of care involves surgical resection with systemic chemotherapy used to treat high-risk localized and metastatic disease. Though classically thought to be immunologically quiet tumors, STS interact with the immune system, undergoing immunoediting that alters tumor immunogenicity and the tumor microenvironment. Recent advances with immune checkpoint inhibition have led to clinical trials exploring the efficacy of immunotherapy in treating STS. Results from these trials point to histologic subtype-specific clinical activity of immune checkpoint blockade. In addition, combinatorial strategies adding immune checkpoint inhibition to local or systemic therapies for STS have further increased their efficacy. Targeted immunotherapies using engineered T-cell receptor-based approaches also show increasing promise as treatment options for some patients with STS. Adoptive transfer of autologous T cells targeting NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 have high response rates in sarcomas expressing these antigens, although recurrence is often seen in responding patients. Future work must focus on identifying primary and acquired mechanisms of resistance to these therapies, and extend T-cell receptor discovery to other tumor-associated antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Banks
- 1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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11
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Hindi N, Haas RL. Management of Synovial Sarcoma and Myxoid Liposarcoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2022; 31:547-558. [PMID: 35715149 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma and myxoid liposarcoma are translocation-related sarcomas, with a high risk of developing distant metastasis, which often affect young patients and which are sensitive to chemo and radiotherapy. Surgery is the mainstay of therapy in localized disease. In these entities, perioperative radiotherapy is frequently administered, and chemotherapy is evaluated in patients with high-risk limb/trunk wall tumors in which an advantage in overall survival has been shown in the latest clinical trials. In the advanced setting, new strategies, such as cellular therapy are being developed in these histologic types, with promising, although still preliminary, results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hindi
- Department of Oncology, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital and Hospital General de Villalba, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rick L Haas
- Department of Radiotherapy at the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiotherapy at the Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the development of modified T-cell therapies in sarcomas and discuss relevant published and ongoing clinical trials to date. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous clinical trials are underway evaluating tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells and high affinity T-cell receptor (TCR)-transduced T cells in sarcomas. Notably, translocation-dependent synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma are the subject of several phase II trials evaluating TCRs targeting cancer testis antigens New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) and melanoma antigen-A4 (MAGE A4), and response rates of up to 60% have been observed for NY-ESO-1 directed, modified T cells in synovial sarcoma. Challenges posed by modified T-cell therapy include limitations conferred by HLA-restriction, non-immunogenic tumor microenvironments (TME), aggressive lymphodepletion and immune-mediated toxicities restricting coinfusion of cytokines. SUMMARY Cellular therapy to augment the adaptive immune response through delivery of modified T cells is an area of novel therapeutic development in sarcomas where a reliably expressed, ubiquitous target antigen can be identified. Therapeutic tools to improve the specificity, signaling, proliferation and persistence of modified TCRs and augment clinical responses through safe manipulation of the sarcoma TME will be necessary to harness the full potential of this approach.
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13
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Raj SKS, Routh ED, Chou JW, Votanopoulos KI, Triozzi PL, Miller LD. Prognostic attributes of immune signatures in soft tissue sarcomas show differential dependencies on tumor mutational burden. Cancer 2022; 128:3254-3264. [PMID: 35767280 PMCID: PMC9544607 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Cellular and intrinsic markers of sarcoma immunogenicity are poorly understood. To gain insight into whether tumor–immune interactions correlate with clinical aggressiveness, the authors examined the prognostic significance of immune gene signatures in combination with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and cancer–testis antigen (CTA) expression. Methods RNA sequencing and clinical data of 259 soft tissue sarcomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas project were used to investigate associations between published immune gene signatures and patient overall survival (OS) in the contexts of TMB, as computed from whole‐exome sequencing data, and CTA gene expression. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models and log‐rank tests were used to assess survival associations. Results Immune signature scores that reflected in part the intratumoral abundance of cytotoxic T cells showed significant positive associations with OS. However, the prognostic power of the T‐cell signatures was highly dependent on TMB‐high status, consistent with protective effects of tumor‐infiltrating T cells in tumors with elevated antigenicity. In TMB‐low tumors, a signature of infiltrating plasma B cells was significantly and positively associated with OS, independent of T‐cell signature status. Although tumor subtypes based on differential expression patterns of CTA genes showed different survival associations within leiomyosarcoma and myxofibrosarcoma histologies, neither CTA nor histologic subtype interacted with the T‐cell–survival association. Conclusions Signatures of T‐cell and plasma B‐cell infiltrates were associated with a survival benefit in soft tissue sarcomas. TMB, but not CTA expression, influenced the prognostic power of T‐cell–associated, but not plasma B‐cell–associated, survival. Lay summary Clinical data and RNA analysis of 259 soft tissue sarcomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas project were used to investigate associations between five published gene immune cell expression signatures and survival in the context of tumor mutations. Activated T cells had a significant positive association with patient survival. Although high tumor mutation burden was associated with good survival, the prognostic power of T‐cell signatures was highly dependent on tumor mutational status, consistent with protective effects of tumor‐infiltrating T cells in tumors with high levels of antigens. In low tumor mutation‐bearing tumors, plasma B cells were positively associated with survival.
Signatures of T‐cell and plasma B‐cell infiltrates are associated with survival benefit in soft tissue sarcomas, and tumor mutational burden (TMB), but not cancer–testis antigen expression, is a tumor‐intrinsic determinant of T‐cell–associated survival, but not plasma B‐cell–associated survival. Although high TMB trended toward an association with good survival, the prognostic power of the T‐cell signatures was highly dependent on TMB‐high status, consistent with the protective effects of tumor‐infiltrating T cells in tumors with elevated antigenicity; however, in TMB‐low tumors, a signature of infiltrating plasma B cells was positively associated with overall survival, independent of T‐cell signature status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja K S Raj
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric D Routh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeff W Chou
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Konstantinos I Votanopoulos
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pierre L Triozzi
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Baldi GG, Gronchi A, Tazzari M, Stacchiotti S. Immunotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma: current evidence and future perspectives in a variegated family of different tumour. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:491-503. [PMID: 35412415 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2065986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last few years steps forward in the knowledge of the biology of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) has led to the development of new therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy. AREAS COVERED This review outlines the recent findings on immunological features and provides a synopsis of the results of clinical trials with different immunotherapy approaches in STS, discussing criticisms and how the efficacy of immunotherapy could be improved. EXPERT OPINION The heterogeneity of STS has limited generalized approaches of immunotherapy in the disease. Clinical decisions should encompass a comprehensive characterization of the tumour microenvironment (TME), marked by intra-histotype diversity. Profiling of immune cells, checkpoint molecules and antigen target/HLA expression is deemed to re-shape the classical histotype classification for a selection of the most appropriate immune-based treatment. In a synergistic view, tumour-directed treatments, designed on the genetic and epigenetic histotype make-up, should be monitored for their immunomodulant effect and applied to ensure or amplify immunotherapy response. In light of the dynamic nature of the TME, this immunomonitoring should be conducted at baseline and during treatment, for improved therapeutic decisions and rational sequence of treatment combination, pursuing an immunological marker approach by histotype guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo G Baldi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Tazzari
- Immunotherapy, Cell Therapy and Biobank Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Silvia Stacchiotti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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15
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Immunologic Gene Signature Analysis Correlates Myeloid Cells and M2 Macrophages with Time to Trabectedin Failure in Sarcoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051290. [PMID: 35267598 PMCID: PMC8909887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) have a poor prognosis and few available systemic treatment options. Trabectedin is currently being investigated as a potential adjunct to immunotherapy as it has been previously shown to kill tumor-associated macrophages. In this retrospective study, we sought to identify biomarkers that would be relevant to trials combining trabectedin with immunotherapy. We performed a single-center retrospective study of sarcoma patients treated with trabectedin with long-term follow-up. Multiplex gene expression analysis using the NanoString platform was assessed, and an exploratory analysis using the lasso-penalized Cox regression and kernel association test for survival (MiRKAT-S) methods investigated tumor-associated immune cells and correlated their gene signatures to patient survival. In total, 147 sarcoma patients treated with trabectedin were analyzed, with a mean follow-up time of 5 years. Patients with fewer prior chemotherapy regimens were more likely to stay on trabectedin longer (pairwise correlation = -0.17, p = 0.04). At 5 years, increased PD-L1 expression corresponded to worse outcomes (HR = 1.87, p = 0.04, q = 0.199). Additionally, six immunologic gene signatures were associated with up to 7-year survival by MiRKAT-S, notably myeloid-derived suppressor cells (p = 0.023, q = 0.058) and M2 macrophages (p = 0.03, q = 0.058). We found that the number of chemotherapy regimens prior to trabectedin negatively correlated with the number of trabectedin cycles received, suggesting that patients may benefit from receiving trabectedin earlier in their therapy course. The correlation of trabectedin outcomes with immune cell infiltrates supports the hypothesis that trabectedin may function as an immune modulator and supports ongoing efforts to study trabectedin in combination with immunotherapy. Furthermore, tumors with an immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by macrophage infiltration and high PD-L1 expression were less likely to benefit from trabectedin, which could guide clinicians in future treatment decisions.
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16
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Kerrison WGJ, Lee ATJ, Thway K, Jones RL, Huang PH. Current Status and Future Directions of Immunotherapies in Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Biomedicines 2022; 10:573. [PMID: 35327375 PMCID: PMC8945421 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) has experienced a surge of interest in the past decade, contributing to an expanding number of therapeutic options for this extremely heterogenous group of rare malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) targeting the PD-1 and CTLA-4 axes have demonstrated promising responses in a select number of STS subtypes, including rarer subtypes, such as alveolar soft part sarcoma, SWI/SNF-deficient sarcomas, clear cell sarcoma, and angiosarcoma. Multiple pan-subtype sarcoma trials have facilitated the study of possible predictive biomarkers of the CPI response. It has also become apparent that certain therapies, when combined with CPIs, can enhance response rates, although the specific mechanisms of this possible synergy remain unconfirmed in STS. In addition to CPIs, several other immune targeting agents, including anti-tumour-associated macrophage and antigen-directed therapies, are now under assessment in STS with promising efficacy in some subtypes. In this article, we review the state of the art in immunotherapy in STS, highlighting the pre-clinical and clinical data available for this promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. J. Kerrison
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK; (W.G.J.K.); (K.T.)
| | | | - Khin Thway
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK; (W.G.J.K.); (K.T.)
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK;
| | - Robin L. Jones
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK;
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Paul H. Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK; (W.G.J.K.); (K.T.)
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17
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Jo U, Roh J, Song MJ, Cho KJ, Kim W, Song JS. NY-ESO-1 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for myxoid liposarcoma. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1268-1278. [PMID: 35273728 PMCID: PMC8902540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) is a common lipogenic sarcoma, which is difficult to diagnose in small specimens. New York oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a cancer-testis antigen expressed in neoplastic tissue. In this study, NY-ESO-1 expression was assessed in various soft tissue tumors (STTs), and we also evaluated its diagnostic utility. METHODS We included 434 cases of STTs for collection of clinicopathological data. Tissue microarrays were designed, and immunostaining for NY-ESO-1 was examined. We investigated the correlation between NY-ESO-1 expression and various clinicopathological parameters. We also evaluated the role of NY-ESO-1 as a diagnostic marker for MLS and its possible use in prognostication. RESULTS Sixty-four of the 434 STTs (14.75%) were immunoreactive for NY-ESO-1, and the most frequent type of tumor in the NY-ESO-1 positive group was MLS (70.3%, 45/64), followed by synovial sarcoma (17.2%, 11/64). MLS showed 72.6% (45/62) immunopositivity for NY-ESO-1. The sensitivity and specificity of NY-ESO-1 expression for the diagnosis of MLS were 84.4% and 100%, respectively, compared to DDIT3 fluorescence in situ hybridization. When restricting analysis to the MLS (n=62), the NY-ESO-1 positive group had a poor overall survival (OS) rate (P=0.039). CONCLUSION NY-ESO-1 was substantially and widely expressed in the majority of MLS cases. NY-ESO-1 positivity by IHC staining was also a predictor of a poor OS in patients with MLS. It is possible to use NY-ESO-1 for diagnosis and for predicting a prognosis in patients with MLS, and it may be used as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uiree Jo
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical CenterSeoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Roh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of MedicineSuwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Song
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, College of MedicineSeoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ja Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical CenterSeoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanlim Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical CenterSeoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seon Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical CenterSeoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Roulleaux Dugage M, Nassif EF, Italiano A, Bahleda R. Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Biomarker Driven and Histotype Tailored Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775761. [PMID: 34925348 PMCID: PMC8678134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-(L)1 therapies yield a disappointing response rate of 15% across soft-tissue sarcomas, even if some subtypes benefit more than others. The proportions of TAMs and TILs in their tumor microenvironment are variable, and this heterogeneity correlates to histotype. Tumors with a richer CD8+ T cell, M1 macrophage, and CD20+ cells infiltrate have a better prognosis than those infiltrated by M0/M2 macrophages and a high immune checkpoint protein expression. PD-L1 and CD8+ infiltrate seem correlated to response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but tertiary lymphoid structures have the best predictive value and have been validated prospectively. Trials for combination therapies are ongoing and focus on the association of ICI with chemotherapy, achieving encouraging results especially with pembrolizumab and doxorubicin at an early stage, or ICI with antiangiogenics. A synergy with oncolytic viruses is seen and intratumoral talimogene laherpavec yields an impressive 35% ORR when associated to pembrolizumab. Adoptive cellular therapies are also of great interest in tumors with a high expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTA), such as synovial sarcomas or myxoid round cell liposarcomas with an ORR ranging from 20 to 50%. It seems crucial to adapt the design of clinical trials to histology. Leiomyosarcomas are characterized by complex genomics but are poorly infiltrated by immune cells and do not benefit from ICI. They should be tested with PIK3CA/AKT inhibition, IDO blockade, or treatments aiming at increasing antigenicity (radiotherapy, PARP inhibitors). DDLPS are more infiltrated and have higher PD-L1 expression, but responses to ICI remain variable across clinical studies. Combinations with MDM2 antagonists or CDK4/6 inhibitors may improve responses for DDLPS. UPS harbor the highest copy number alterations (CNA) and mutation rates, with a rich immune infiltrate containing TLS. They have a promising 15-40% ORR to ICI. Trials for ICB should focus on immune-high UPS. Association of ICI with FGFR inhibitors warrants further exploration in the immune-low group of UPS. Finally translocation-related sarcomas are heterogeneous, and although synovial sarcomas a poorly infiltrated and have a poor response rate to ICI, ASPS largely benefit from ICB monotherapy or its association with antiangiogenics agents. Targeting specific neoantigens through vaccine or adoptive cellular therapies is probably the most promising approach in synovial sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Roulleaux Dugage
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Elise F. Nassif
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rastislav Bahleda
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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19
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Abdelaziz MM, Tayel HY, Abdel-Bary A, Badawy OM. Expression of CTAG1B clone EPR13780 versus DDIT3 gene rearrangement distinguishes myxoid liposarcoma from its mimics with detection of novel DDIT3 gene copy number variations. J Histotechnol 2021; 45:56-65. [PMID: 34845972 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2021.2004294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS) has different patterns that are often difficult to distinguish from other soft tissue lesions. MLPS is characterized by a reciprocal translocation involving the DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3 gene (DDIT3) that can be detected using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Recently, the marker for cancer testis antigen 1b (CTAG1B) was found to be expressed in MLPS. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential use immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CTAG1B expression and DDIT3 rearrangement to diagnose MLPS and distinguish it from similar lesions. Out of 29 cases including MLPS and its mimics, CTAG1B was expressed in 92.86% of cases of MLPS and 20% of its mimics. DDIT3 rearrangement was 100% sensitive and 92.86% specific in distinguishing MLPS from its mimics. The DDIT3 rearrangement was found to be more sensitive but less specific than cytoplasmic expression of CTAG1B marker. DDIT3 polysomy and amplification were detected in some cases. Therefore, both CTAG1B expression and FISH for DDIT3 gene can be used to distinguish MLPS from similar tumors. The use of both immunohistochemistry for CTAG1B in addition to DDIT3 gene rearrangement detection by FISH was more specific than using either of them alone. However, the DDIT3 gene rearrangement alone was the most sensitive test for distinguishing MLPS from its mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan Y Tayel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany Abdel-Bary
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omnia M Badawy
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Chawla SP, Van Tine BA, Pollack SM, Ganjoo KN, Elias AD, Riedel RF, Attia S, Choy E, Okuno SH, Agulnik M, von Mehren M, Livingston MB, Keedy VL, Verschraegen CF, Philip T, Bohac GC, Yurasov S, Yakovich A, Lu H, Chen M, Maki RG. Phase II Randomized Study of CMB305 and Atezolizumab Compared With Atezolizumab Alone in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas Expressing NY-ESO-1. J Clin Oncol 2021; 40:1291-1300. [PMID: 34260265 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.03452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CMB305 is a heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimen created to prime NY-ESO-1-specific CD8 T-cell populations and then activate the immune response with a potent TLR-4 agonist. This open-label randomized phase II trial was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of adding the CMB305 regimen to atezolizumab (anti-programmed death ligand-1 therapy) in comparison with atezolizumab alone in patients with synovial sarcoma or myxoid liposarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with locally advanced, relapsed, or metastatic synovial sarcoma or myxoid liposarcoma (any grade) were randomly assigned to receive CMB305 with atezolizumab (experimental arm) or atezolizumab alone (control arm). The primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Safety and immune responses were assessed. RESULTS A total of 89 patients were enrolled; 55.1% had received ≥ 2 prior lines of chemotherapy. Median PFS was 2.6 months and 1.6 months in the combination and control arms, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.6 to 1.3). Median OS was 18 months in both treatment arms. Patients treated with combination therapy had a significantly higher rate of treatment-induced NY-ESO-1-specific T cells (P = .01) and NY-ESO-1-specific antibody responses (P < .0001). In a post hoc analysis of all dosed patients, OS was longer (36 months) in the subset who developed anti-NY-ESO-1 T-cell immune response (hazard ratio, 0.3; P = .02). CONCLUSION Although the combination of CMB305 and atezolizumab did not result in significant increases in PFS or OS compared with atezolizumab alone, some patients demonstrated evidence of an anti-NY-ESO-1 immune response and appeared to fare better by imaging than those without such an immune response. Combining prime-boost vaccines such as CMB305 with anti-programmed death ligand-1 therapies merits further evaluation in other clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | - Edwin Choy
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mark Agulnik
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.,City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | - Vicki L Keedy
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - G Chet Bohac
- Immune Design Corp, South San Francisco, CA.,MacroGenics Inc, Rockville, MD
| | - Sergey Yurasov
- Immune Design Corp, South San Francisco, CA.,Nuvation Bio Inc, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adam Yakovich
- Immune Design Corp, South San Francisco, CA.,Replimune Group Inc, Woburn, MA
| | - Hailing Lu
- Immune Design Corp, South San Francisco, CA.,Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA
| | - Michael Chen
- Immune Design Corp, South San Francisco, CA.,Sangamo Therapeutics Inc, Brisbane, CA
| | - Robert G Maki
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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21
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Crosstalk between Macrophages and Myxoid Liposarcoma Cells Increases Spreading and Invasiveness of Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133298. [PMID: 34209309 PMCID: PMC8268435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS) is the second most common subtype of liposarcoma and has tendency to metastasize to soft tissues. To date, the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis of MLPS remain unclear, and new therapeutic strategies that improve patients' outcomes are expected. In this study, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry the immune cellular components and microvessel density in tumor tissues from patients affected by MLPS. In order to evaluate the effects of primary human MLPS cells on macrophage polarization and, in turn, the ability of macrophages to influence invasiveness of MLPS cells, non-contact and 3D organotypic co-cultures were set up. High grade MLPS tissues were found heavily vascularized, exhibited a CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T lymphocyte-poor phenotype and were massively infiltrated by CD163 positive M2-like macrophages. Conversely, low grade MLPS tissues were infiltrated by a discrete amount of CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T lymphocytes and a scarce amount of CD163 positive macrophages. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a shorter Progression Free Survival in MLPS patients whose tumor tissues were highly vascularized and heavily infiltrated by CD163 positive macrophages, indicating a clear-cut link between M2-like macrophage abundance and poor prognosis in patients. Moreover, we documented that, in co-culture, soluble factors produced by primary human MLPS cells induce macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype which, in turn, increases MLPS cell capability to spread into extracellular matrix and to cross endothelial monolayers. The identification of M2-like polarization factors secreted by MLPS cells may allow to develop novel targeted therapies counteracting MLPS progression.
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22
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Mitchell G, Pollack SM, Wagner MJ. Targeting cancer testis antigens in synovial sarcoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002072. [PMID: 34083416 PMCID: PMC8183285 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare cancer that disproportionately affects children and young adults. Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are proteins that are expressed early in embryonic development, but generally not expressed in normal tissue. They are aberrantly expressed in many different cancer types and are an attractive therapeutic target for immunotherapies. CTAs are expressed at high levels in SS. This high level of CTA expression makes SS an ideal cancer for treatment strategies aimed at harnessing the immune system to recognize aberrant CTA expression and fight against the cancer. Pivotal clinical trials are now underway, with the potential to dramatically alter the landscape of SS management and treatment from current standards of care. In this review, we describe the rationale for targeting CTAs in SS with a focus on NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4, the current state of vaccine and T-cell receptor-based therapies, and consider emerging opportunities for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J Wagner
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA .,Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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23
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Kohli K, Yao L, Nowicki TS, Zhang S, Black RG, Schroeder BA, Farrar EA, Cao J, Sloan H, Stief D, Cranmer LD, Wagner MJ, Hawkins DS, Pillarisetty VG, Ribas A, Campbell J, Pierce RH, Kim EY, Jones RL, Riddell SR, Yee C, Pollack SM. IL-15 mediated expansion of rare durable memory T cells following adoptive cellular therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002232. [PMID: 33963013 PMCID: PMC8108691 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial sarcoma (SS) and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCL) are ideal solid tumors for the development of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) targeting NY-ESO-1, as a high frequency of tumors homogeneously express this cancer-testes antigen. Data from early phase clinical trials have shown antitumor activity after the adoptive transfer of NY-ESO-1–specific T cells. In these studies, persistence of NY-ESO-1 specific T cells is highly correlated with response to ACT, but patients often continue to have detectable transferred cells in their peripheral blood following progression. Method We performed a phase I clinical trial evaluating the safety of NY-ESO-1–specific endogenous T cells (ETC) following cyclophosphamide conditioning. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treated patients were evaluated by flow cytometry and gene expression analysis as well as through ex vivo culture assays with and without IL-15. Results Four patients were treated in a cohort using ETC targeting NY-ESO-1 following cyclophosphamide conditioning. Treatment was well tolerated without significant toxicity, but all patients ultimately had disease progression. In two of four patients, we obtained post-treatment tumor tissue and in both, NY-ESO-1 antigen was retained despite clear detectable persisting NY-ESO-1–specific T cells in the peripheral blood. Despite a memory phenotype, these persisting cells lacked markers of proliferation or activation. However, in ex vivo culture assays, they could be induced to proliferate and kill tumor using IL-15. These results were also seen in PBMCs from two patients who received gene-engineered T-cell receptor–based products at other centers. Conclusions ETC targeting NY-ESO-1 with single-agent cyclophosphamide alone conditioning was well tolerated in patients with SS and those with MRCL. IL-15 can induce proliferation and activity in persisting NY-ESO-1–specific T cells even in patients with disease progression following ACT. These results support future work evaluating whether IL-15 could be incorporated into ACT trials post-infusion or at the time of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Kohli
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lu Yao
- Poseida Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Scott Nowicki
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ralph Graeme Black
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brett A Schroeder
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jianhong Cao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather Sloan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dawn Stief
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lee D Cranmer
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael J Wagner
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Antoni Ribas
- Division Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, UK
| | - Jean Campbell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Sensei Biotherapeutics, Gaithersburg, Boston, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Pierce
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Sensei Biotherapeutics, Gaithersburg, Boston, MD, USA
| | - Edward Y Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma, Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Lyell Immunopharma, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Seth M Pollack
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA .,Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Clemente O, Ottaiano A, Di Lorenzo G, Bracigliano A, Lamia S, Cannella L, Pizzolorusso A, Di Marzo M, Santorsola M, De Chiara A, Fazioli F, Tafuto S. Is immunotherapy in the future of therapeutic management of sarcomas? J Transl Med 2021; 19:173. [PMID: 33902630 PMCID: PMC8077947 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare, ubiquitous and heterogeneous tumors usually treated with surgery, chemotherapy, target therapy, and radiotherapy. However, 25-50% of patients experience local relapses and/or distant metastases after chemotherapy with an overall survival about 12-18 months. Recently, immuno-therapy has revolutionized the cancer treatments with initial indications for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma (immune-checkpoint inhibitors).Here, we provide a narrative review on the topic as well as a critical description of the currently available trials on immunotherapy treatments in patients with sarcoma. Given the promising results obtained with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) and CAR-T cells, we strongly believe that these new immunotherapeutic approaches, along with an innovative characterization of tumor genetics, will provide an exciting opportunity to ameliorate the therapeutic management of sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Clemente
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Division of Innovative Therapies, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bracigliano
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lamia
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Cannella
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzolorusso
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Marzo
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Santorsola
- Division of Innovative Therapies, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarosaria De Chiara
- Histopathology of Lymphomas and Sarcomas SSD, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavio Fazioli
- Orthopedic Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tafuto
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy.
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25
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Human leukocyte antigen I is significantly downregulated in patients with myxoid liposarcomas. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3489-3499. [PMID: 33893830 PMCID: PMC8571150 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment remains unclear in liposarcomas, and here we aimed to determine the prognostic impact of the tumor immune microenvironment across separate liposarcomas subtypes. A total of 70 liposarcoma patients with three subtypes: myxoid liposarcoma (n = 45), dedifferentiated liposarcoma (n = 17), and pleomorphic liposarcoma (n = 8) were enrolled. The presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4+ , CD8+ , FOXP3+ lymphocytes) and CD163+ macrophages and expression of HLA class I and PD-L1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in the diagnostic samples; overall survival and progression-free survival were estimated from outcome data. For infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages, dedifferentiated liposarcoma and pleomorphic liposarcoma patients had a significantly higher number than myxoid liposarcoma patients. While myxoid liposarcoma patients with a high number of macrophages were associated with worse overall and progression-free survival, dedifferentiated liposarcoma patients with high macrophage numbers showed a trend toward favorable prognosis. Expression of HLA class I was negative in 35 of 45 (77.8%) myxoid liposarcoma tumors, whereas all dedifferentiated liposarcoma and pleomorphic liposarcoma tumors expressed HLA class I. The subset of myxoid liposarcoma patients with high HLA class I expression had significantly poor overall and progression-free survival, while dedifferentiated liposarcoma patients with high HLA class I expression tended to have favorable outcomes. Only four of 17 (23.5%) dedifferentiated liposarcomas, two of eight (25%) pleomorphic liposarcomas, and no myxoid liposarcoma tumors expressed PD-L1. Our results demonstrate the unique immune microenvironment of myxoid liposarcomas compared to other subtypes of liposarcomas, suggesting that the approach for immunotherapy in liposarcomas should be based on subtype.
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26
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Lezcano C, Müller AM, Frosina D, Hernandez E, Geronimo JA, Busam KJ, Jungbluth AA. Immunohistochemical Detection of Cancer-Testis Antigen PRAME. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 29:826-835. [PMID: 33890816 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211012085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-testis (CT) antigens were identified by their ability to elicit T- or B-cell immune responses in the autologous host. They are typically expressed in a wide variety of neoplasms and in normal adult tissues are restricted to testicular germ cells. PReferentially expressed Antigen of Melanoma (PRAME) is a member of the family of nonclassical CT antigens being expressed in a few other normal tissues besides testis. Interestingly, knowledge about the protein expression of many CT antigens is still incomplete due to the limited availability of reagents for their immunohistochemical detection. Here, we tested several commercially available serological reagents and identified a monoclonal antibody suitable for the immunohistochemical detection of PRAME in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. We also tested a wide array of normal and neoplastic tissues. PRAME protein expression in normal tissues is congruent with original molecular data being present in the testis, and at low levels in the endometrium, adrenal cortex, and adult as well as fetal ovary. In tumors, there is diffuse PRAME immunoreactivity in most metastatic melanomas, myxoid liposarcomas, and synovial sarcomas. Other neoplasms such as seminomas and carcinomas of various origins including endometrial, serous ovarian, mammary ductal, lung, and renal showed an intermediate proportion of cases and variable extent of tumor cells positive for PRAME protein expression. As seen with other CT antigens, hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma, Leydig cell tumors, mesothelioma, and leiomyosarcoma are poor expressers of PRAME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denise Frosina
- 5803Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Klaus J Busam
- 5803Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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27
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Chamberlain F, Benson C, Thway K, Huang P, Jones RL, Gennatas S. Pharmacotherapy for liposarcoma: current and emerging synthetic treatments. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2659-2670. [PMID: 33880964 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcomas are rare tumors arising from adipocytic tissue and accounting for approximately 15-20% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Liposarcoma can be further classified into histopathological subtypes with variable chemosensitivity according to subtype. Decisions regarding management should be made on an individual basis, but surgery for localized disease and systemic chemotherapy remain the mainstay of treatment. Currently, only doxorubicin and trabectedin have robust Phase III data to support their use in the management of advanced liposarcoma. However, in the subgroup analysis of a Phase III trial comparing eribulin with dacarbazine, there was a greater than 7-month improvement in median overall survival in those treated with eribulin. There are also promising results from emerging studies in novel and targeted agents for the treatment of liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khin Thway
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Paul Huang
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Robin L Jones
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.,Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
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28
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Schroeder BA, Black RG, Spadinger S, Zhang S, Kohli K, Cao J, Mantilla JG, Conrad EU, Riddell SR, Jones RL, Yee C, Pollack SM. Histiocyte predominant myocarditis resulting from the addition of interferon gamma to cyclophosphamide-based lymphodepletion for adoptive cellular therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000247. [PMID: 32269142 PMCID: PMC7254118 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) is a promising treatment for synovial sarcoma (SS) with reported response rates of over 50%. However, more work is needed to obtain deeper and more durable responses. SS has a ‘cold’ tumor immune microenvironment with low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and few T-cell infiltrates, which could represent a barrier toward successful treatment with ACT. We previously demonstrated that both MHC expression and T-cell infiltration can be increased using systemic interferon gamma (IFN-γ), which could improve the efficacy of ACT for SS. Case presentation We launched a phase I trial incorporating four weekly doses of IFN-γ in an ACT regimen of high-dose cyclophosphamide (HD Cy), NY-ESO-1-specific T cells, and postinfusion low-dose interleukin (IL)-2. Two patients were treated. While one patient had significant tumor regression and resultant clinical benefit, the other patient suffered a fatal histiocytic myocarditis. Therefore, this cohort was terminated for safety concerns. Conclusion We describe a new and serious toxicity of immunotherapy from IFN-γ combined with HD Cy-based lymphodepletion and low-dose IL-2. While IFN-γ should not be used concurrently with HD Cy or with low dose IL-2, IFN-γ may still be important in sensitizing SS for ACT. Future studies should avoid using IFN-γ during the immediate period before/after cell infusion. Trial registration numbers NCT04177021, NCT01957709, and NCT03063632.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Schroeder
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ralph Graeme Black
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sydney Spadinger
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karan Kohli
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jianhong Cao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jose G Mantilla
- Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ernest U Conrad
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Cassian Yee
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA .,Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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29
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Lai JP, Rosenberg AZ, Miettinen MM, Lee CCR. NY-ESO-1 expression in sarcomas: A diagnostic marker and immunotherapy target. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1409-1410. [PMID: 23243610 PMCID: PMC3518519 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 (CTAG 1B) is highly expressed in the majority of synovial sarcomas and myxoid/round cell liposarcomas as well as in a subset of melanomas, but only rarely in other mesenchymal tumors. This points to a potential for using NY-ESO-1 in the differential diagnosis of these lesions. Furthermore, promising results have been obtained in clinical trials testing NY-ESO-1-targeted immunotherapy in subsets of melanoma and synovial sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Lai
- Laboratory of Pathology; National Cancer Institute; NIH; Bethesda, MD USA
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30
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Albertsmeier M, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Lindner LH, Issels RD, Kampmann E, Dürr HR, Schubert-Fritschle G, Angele MK, Kirchner T, Jungbluth AA, Knösel T. Cancer Testis Antigens and Immunotherapy: Expression of PRAME Is Associated with Prognosis in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3612. [PMID: 33287125 PMCID: PMC7761656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: PRAME, NY-ESO-1, and SSX2 are cancer testis antigens (CTAs), which are expressed in testicular germ cells with re-expression in numerous cancer types. Their ability to elicit humoral and cellular immune responses have rendered them promising targets for cancer immunotherapy, but they have never been studied in a large and well-characterised cohort of soft tissue sarcomas (STS). (2) Methods: On a protein level, we examined PRAME, NY-ESO-1, and SSX2 expression in tumour tissues of 249 high-risk STS using immunohistochemistry. We correlated expression levels with clinicopathological parameters including tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) counts, grading, and long-term survival. (3) Results: Expression of PRAME, NY-ESO-1, and SSX2 was observed in 25 (10%), 19 (8%), and 11 (4%) of 249 specimens with distinct patterns for histo-subtypes. Expression of PRAME was associated with shorter patient survival (p = 0.005) and higher grade (G2 vs. G3, p = 0.001), while NY-ESO-1 expression was correlated with more favourable survival (p = 0.037) and lower grade (G2 vs. G3, p = 0.029). Both PRAME and NY-ESO-1 expression were more frequent in STS with low TIL counts. In multivariate analysis, high PRAME and low SSX2 expression levels as well as metastatic disease and non-radical resections were independent predictors of shorter overall survival. (4) Conclusions: CTAs PRAME, NY-ESO-1, and SSX2 show distinct expression patterns in different STS subtypes. These results demonstrate their prognostic relevance and may guide future immunotherapeutic approaches in STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Albertsmeier
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Annelore Altendorf-Hofmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Lars H. Lindner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.L.); (R.D.I.); (E.K.)
| | - Rolf D. Issels
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.L.); (R.D.I.); (E.K.)
| | - Eric Kampmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.H.L.); (R.D.I.); (E.K.)
| | - Hans-Roland Dürr
- Musculoskeletal Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Schubert-Fritschle
- Munich Cancer Registry (MCR) of the Munich Tumour Centre (TZM), Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Martin K. Angele
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Achim A. Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 1275, USA;
| | - Thomas Knösel
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337 Munich, Germany;
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31
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Somaiah N, Chawla SP, Block MS, Morris JC, Do K, Kim JW, Druta M, Sankhala KK, Hwu P, Jones RL, Gnjatic S, Kim-Schulze S, Tuballes K, Yishak M, Lu H, Yakovich A, Ter Meulen J, Chen M, Kenney RT, Bohac C, Pollack SM. A Phase 1b Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of CMB305, a Lentiviral-Based Prime-Boost Vaccine Regimen, in Patients with Locally Advanced, Relapsed, or Metastatic Cancer Expressing NY-ESO-1. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1847846. [PMID: 33312760 PMCID: PMC7714520 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1847846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical data suggest that a "prime-boost" vaccine regimen using a target-expressing lentiviral vector for priming, followed by a recombinant protein boost, may be effective against cancer; however, this strategy has not been evaluated in a clinical setting. CMB305 is a prime-boost vaccine designed to induce a broad anti-NY-ESO-1 immune response. It is composed of LV305, which is an NY-ESO-1 expressing lentiviral vector, and G305, a recombinant adjuvanted NY-ESO-1 protein. This multicenter phase 1b, first-in-human trial evaluated CMB305 in patients with NY-ESO-1 expressing solid tumors. Safety was examined in a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design, followed by an expansion with CMB305 alone or in a combination with either oral metronomic cyclophosphamide or intratumoral injections of a toll-like receptor agonist (glucopyranosyl lipid A). Of the 79 patients who enrolled, 81.0% had sarcomas, 86.1% had metastatic disease, and 57.0% had progressive disease at study entry. The most common adverse events were fatigue (34.2%), nausea (26.6%), and injection-site pain (24.1%). In patients with soft tissue sarcomas, a disease control rate of 61.9% and an overall survival of 26.2 months (95% CI, 22.1-NA) were observed. CMB305 induced anti-NY-ESO-1 antibody and T-cell responses in 62.9% and 47.4% of patients, respectively. This is the first trial to test a prime-boost vaccine regimen in patients with advanced cancer. This approach is feasible, can be delivered safely, and with evidence of immune response as well as suggestion of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Somaiah
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sant P. Chawla
- Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Matthew S. Block
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Khanh Do
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joseph W. Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mihaela Druta
- Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kamalesh K. Sankhala
- Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Sarcoma Clinical Trials, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin Tuballes
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mahlet Yishak
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hailing Lu
- Immune Design Corp., South San Francisco, CA, United States
- Biomarkers and Diagnostics, Seattle Genetics, Inc, Bothell, WA, United States
| | - Adam Yakovich
- Immune Design Corp., South San Francisco, CA, United States
- Medical Affairs, Replimune Group, Inc, Woburn, MA, United States
| | - Jan Ter Meulen
- Immune Design Corp., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael Chen
- Immune Design Corp., South San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Brisbane, CA, United States
| | - Richard T. Kenney
- Immune Design Corp., South San Francisco, CA, United States
- Clin Reg Biologics, LLC, Potomac, MD, United States
| | - Chet Bohac
- Immune Design Corp., South San Francisco, CA, United States
- Macrogenics, Inc, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Seth M. Pollack
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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32
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Atherton MJ, Lenz JA, Mason NJ. Sarcomas-A barren immunological wasteland or field of opportunity for immunotherapy? Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:447-470. [PMID: 32246517 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Key advances in our understanding of immunobiology and the immunosuppressive mechanisms of the tumour microenvironment have led to significant breakthroughs in manipulating the immune system to successfully treat cancer. Remarkable therapeutic responses have occurred with tumours that carry a high mutational burden. In these cases, pre-existing tumour-specific T cells can be rejuvenated via checkpoint inhibition to eliminate tumours. Furthermore, durable remissions have been achieved in haematological malignancies following adoptive transfer of T cells that specifically target cell surface proteins where expression is restricted to the malignancy's cell of origin. Soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas have a paucity of non-synonymous somatic mutations and do not commonly express known, targetable, tumour-specific antigens. Historically, soft tissue sarcomas have been considered immunologically 'cold' and as such, unlikely candidates for immune therapy. Here, we review the immune landscape of canine and feline sarcomas and the immunotherapeutic strategies that have been employed in veterinary clinical trials to improve patient outcome. We also provide insight into immunotherapeutic approaches being used to treat human sarcomas. Together, current data indicates that, rather than a barren immunological wasteland, sarcomas represent a field of opportunities for immunotherapies. Furthermore, we and others would suggest that strategic combinations of immunotherapeutic approaches may hold promise for more effective treatments for high grade soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Atherton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lenz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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33
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Raza A, Merhi M, Inchakalody VP, Krishnankutty R, Relecom A, Uddin S, Dermime S. Unleashing the immune response to NY-ESO-1 cancer testis antigen as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2020; 18:140. [PMID: 32220256 PMCID: PMC7102435 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a promising and effective modality to treat different malignancies. Antigenic profiling of cancer tissues and determination of any pre-existing immune responses to cancer antigens may help predict responses to immune intervention in cancer. NY-ESO-1, a cancer testis antigen is the most immunogenic antigen to date. The promise of NY-ESO-1 as a candidate for specific immune recognition of cancer comes from its restricted expression in normal adult tissue but frequent occurrence in multiple tumors including melanoma and carcinomas of lung, esophageal, liver, gastric, prostrate, ovarian, and bladder. MAIN BODY This review summarizes current knowledge of NY-ESO-1 as efficient biomarker and target of immunotherapy. It also addresses limitations and challenges preventing a robust immune response to NY-ESO-1 expressing cancers, and describes pre-clinical and clinical observations relevant to NY-ESO-1 immunity, holding potential therapeutic relevance for cancer treatment. CONCLUSION NY-ESO-1 induces strong immune responses in cancer patients but has limited objective clinical responses to NY-ESO-1 expressing tumors due to effect of competitive negative signaling from immune-checkpoints and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. We propose that combination therapy to increase the efficacy of NY-ESO-1 specific immunotherapeutic interventions should be explored to unleash the immune response against NY-ESO-1 expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Philipose Inchakalody
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Allan Relecom
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. .,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. .,Hamad Medical Corporation, iTRI, Hamad Medical City (Building 320, Office 3-6-5), Po Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
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34
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Danilova A, Misyurin V, Novik A, Girdyuk D, Avdonkina N, Nekhaeva T, Emelyanova N, Pipia N, Misyurin A, Baldueva I. Cancer/testis antigens expression during cultivation of melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma cells. Clin Sarcoma Res 2020; 10:3. [PMID: 32042403 PMCID: PMC6998350 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-020-0125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous dendritic cells (DC) loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are a promising approach for anticancer immunotherapy. Polyantigen lysates appear to be an excellent source of TAAs for loading onto the patient's dendritic cells. Cancer/testis antigens (CTA) are expressed by a wide range of tumors, but are minimally expressed on normal tissues, and could serve as a universal target for immunotherapy. However, CTA expression levels can vary significantly in patients with the same tumor type. We proposed that patients who do not respond to DC-based therapy may have distinct features of the CTA expression profile on tumor cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared the gene expression of the principal families CTA in 22 melanoma and 27 soft tissue and bone sarcomas cell lines (STBS), received from patients and used for DC vaccine preparation. RESULTS The majority (47 of 49, 95.9%) cell lines showed CTA gene activity. The incidence of gene expression of GAGE, NYESO1, MAGEA1, PRAME's was significantly different (adj. p < 0.05) between melanoma and sarcoma cell lines. The expression of the SCP1 gene was detected neither in melanoma cells nor in the STBS cells. Clustering by the gene expression profile revealed four different expression patterns. We found three main patterns types: hyperexpression of multiple CTA, hyperexpression of one CTA with almost no expression of others, and no expression of CTA. All clusters types exist in melanoma and sarcoma cell lines. We observed dependence of killing efficacy from the PRAME (rho = 0.940, adj. p < 0.01) expression during real-time monitoring with the xCELLigence system of the interaction between melanoma or sarcoma cells with the T-lymphocytes activated by the lysate of selected allogenous melanoma cell lines with high expression of CTA. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that one can use lysates from allogeneic melanoma cell lines as a source of CTA for DC load during the production of anticancer vaccines for the STBS treatment. Patterns of CTA expression should be evaluated as biomarkers of response in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Danilova
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
- Department of Oncoimmunology, N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Vsevolod Misyurin
- N.N. Blokhin’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow, 115478 Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Novik
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Girdyuk
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Avdonkina
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Nekhaeva
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Emelyanova
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Nino Pipia
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Misyurin
- N.N. Blokhin’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow, 115478 Russian Federation
| | - Irina Baldueva
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
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35
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Ishihara M, Tono Y, Miyahara Y, Muraoka D, Harada N, Kageyama S, Sasaki T, Hori Y, Soga N, Uchida K, Shiraishi T, Sato E, Kanda H, Mizuno T, Webster GA, Ikeda H, Katayama N, Sugimura Y, Shiku H. First-in-human phase I clinical trial of the NY-ESO-1 protein cancer vaccine with NOD2 and TLR9 stimulants in patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing refractory solid tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:663-675. [PMID: 31980914 PMCID: PMC7113205 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl pullulan (CHP) is a novel antigen delivery system. CHP and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) antigen complexes (CHP-NY-ESO-1) present multiple epitope peptides to the MHC class I and II pathways. Adjuvants are essential for cancer vaccines. MIS416 is a non-toxic microparticle that activates immunity via the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) and TLR9 pathways. However, no reports have explored MIS416 as a cancer vaccine adjuvant. We conducted a first-in-human clinical trial of CHP-NY-ESO-1 with MIS416 in patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing refractory solid tumors. CHP-NY-ESO-1/MIS416 (μg/μg) was administered at 100/200, 200/200, 200/400 or 200/600 (cohorts 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively) every 2 weeks for a total of 6 doses (treatment phase) followed by one vaccination every 4 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (maintenance phase). The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, and the secondary endpoint was the immune response. In total, 26 patients were enrolled. Seven patients (38%) continued vaccination in the maintenance phase. Grade 3 drug-related adverse events (AEs) were observed in six patients (23%): anorexia and hypertension were observed in one and five patients, respectively. No grade 4–5 drug-related AEs were observed. Eight patients (31%) had stable disease (SD). Neither augmentation of the NY-ESO-1-specific IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ T cell response nor an increase in the level of anti-NY-ESO-1 IgG1 was observed as the dose of MIS416 was increased. In a preclinical study, adding anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody to CHP-NY-ESO-1 and MIS416 induced significant tumor suppression. This combination therapy is a promising next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiya Ishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Tono
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyahara
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Muraoka
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naozumi Harada
- United Immunity, Co., Ltd., Room220, Mie University Campus Incubator, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kageyama
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Hori
- Kameyama Nephro-Urologic Clinic, 1488-215 Sakaemachi, Kameyama, Mie, 519-0111, Japan
| | - Norihito Soga
- Department of Urology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Katsunori Uchida
- Department of Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Taizo Shiraishi
- Department of Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Science (Medical Research Center), Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanda
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiro Mizuno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Gill A Webster
- Innate Immunotherapeutics, Melbourne, VIC, 3051, Australia
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Katayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sugimura
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan. .,Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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36
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Yang L, Chen S, Luo P, Yan W, Wang C. Liposarcoma: Advances in Cellular and Molecular Genetics Alterations and Corresponding Clinical Treatment. J Cancer 2020; 11:100-107. [PMID: 31892977 PMCID: PMC6930414 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin with significant tissue diversity. It is composed of adipocytes with different degrees of differentiation and different degrees of heteromorphosis. It is not sensitive to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis. In recent years, with the rapid development of basic immunology, molecular genetics and tumor molecular biology, the histological classification of liposarcoma has become increasingly clear. More and more new methods and technologies, such as gene expression profile analysis, the whole genome sequencing, miRNA expression profile analysis and RNA sequencing, have been successfully applied to liposarcoma, bringing about a deeper understanding of gene expression changes and molecular pathogenic mechanisms in the occurrence and development of liposarcoma. This study reviews the present research status and progress of cellular and molecular alterations of liposarcoma and corresponding clinical treatment progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingge Yang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Wei R, Dean DC, Thanindratarn P, Hornicek FJ, Guo W, Duan Z. Cancer testis antigens in sarcoma: Expression, function and immunotherapeutic application. Cancer Lett 2019; 479:54-60. [PMID: 31634526 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a group of heterogeneous malignancies of mesenchymal origin. Patient outcomes remain especially grim for those with recurrent or metastatic disease, and current therapeutic strategies have not significantly improved outcomes over the past few decades. This has led to a number of studies assessing novel therapies. Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are tumor-associated antigens with physiologic expression in the testis and various malignancies, including sarcomas. Genes encoding CTAs include MAGE, NY-ESO-1, PRAME, TRAG-3/CSAGE, and SSX. The importance and function of CTAs in tumorigenesis have gained recognition in recent years. They are also proving as robust diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Therapeutically, antigens derived from CTAs are highly recognizable by T lymphocytes and therefore capable of generating a potent antitumor immune response. CTAs are, therefore, promising targets for novel immunotherapies. Here we review the emerging works on expression, function, and immunotherapeutic application of CTAs in sarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Pichaya Thanindratarn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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38
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Moussalem CK, Massaad E, Baassiri W, Akhtar Anwar M, Kobeissy F, Eid A, Darwiche N, Omeis I. Spinal sarcomas and immunity: An undervalued relationship. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:36-50. [PMID: 31254615 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas, especially spine sarcomas, are rare yet debilitating and are underestimated types of cancer. Treatment options for spine sarcomas are limited to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical intervention. Accumulating evidence suggests a complex course associated with the treatment of spine sarcomas as compared to other soft tissue sarcomas in the extremities since adjuvant therapy adds limited success to the oncological outcome. Likewise, the limitations of surgical interventions imposed by the proximity and high sensitivity of the spinal cord, leads to an increased recurrence and mortality rates associated with spine sarcomas. Finding novel treatment options to spine sarcomas as such is inevitable, necessitating a more thorough understanding of the different mechanisms of the underlying etiologies of these tumors. In this review, we discuss the most recent studies tackling the involvement of the immune system; a key player in the emergence of the different types of spine sarcomas and the promising immune-mediated targeted therapy that can be applied in these kind of rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel K Moussalem
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Elie Massaad
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Baassiri
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - M Akhtar Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Omeis
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon.
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39
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Kim YJ, Yu DB, Kim M, Choi YL. Adipogenesis induces growth inhibition of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2676-2683. [PMID: 31069877 PMCID: PMC6676121 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Well‐differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) are the most common types of liposarcoma. Although WDLPS and DDLPS patients receive intensive treatment including radical surgery and systemic therapy, their overall 5‐year survival rates are 90% and 30%, respectively, indicating that DDLPS is clinically more aggressive. We examined whether adipogenic stimulation induces adipogenesis in human WDLPS/DDLPS cells by using dexamethasone, indomethacin, insulin, and 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX), all putative medications or drugs. Functional in vitro experiments showed that treatment with these four compounds induced adipogenic potency by transcriptional and translational upregulation of genes related to the maintenance of stemness and adipogenic differentiation. Using in vivo xenograft models, we found that the induction of stemness and adipogenesis inhibited the tumorigenic potency of DDLPS. This study suggests a potential application of drug repositioning in which adipogenesis‐inducing compounds could be used to treat DDLPS patients in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dan Bi Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mingi Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Somaiah N, Block MS, Kim JW, Shapiro GI, Do KT, Hwu P, Eder JP, Jones RL, Lu H, ter Meulen JH, Bohac C, Chen M, Hsu FJ, Gnjatic S, Pollack SM. First-in-Class, First-in-Human Study Evaluating LV305, a Dendritic-Cell Tropic Lentiviral Vector, in Sarcoma and Other Solid Tumors Expressing NY-ESO-1. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5808-5817. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Zhang S, Kohli K, Black RG, Yao L, Spadinger SM, He Q, Pillarisetty VG, Cranmer LD, Van Tine BA, Yee C, Pierce RH, Riddell SR, Jones RL, Pollack SM. Systemic Interferon-γ Increases MHC Class I Expression and T-cell Infiltration in Cold Tumors: Results of a Phase 0 Clinical Trial. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1237-1243. [PMID: 31171504 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFNγ) has been studied as a cancer treatment with limited evidence of clinical benefit. However, it could play a role in cancer immunotherapy combination treatments. Despite high expression of immunogenic cancer-testis antigens, synovial sarcoma (SS) and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCL) have a cold tumor microenvironment (TME), with few infiltrating T cells and low expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). We hypothesized that IFNγ treatment could drive inflammation in a cold TME, facilitating further immunotherapy. We conducted a phase 0 clinical trial treating 8 SS or MRCL patients with weekly systemic IFNγ. We performed pre- and posttreatment biopsies. IFNγ changed the SS and MRCL TME, inducing tumor-surface MHC-I expression and significant T-cell infiltration (P < 0.05). Gene-expression analysis suggested increased tumor antigen presentation and less exhausted phenotypes of the tumor-infiltrating T cells. Newly emergent antigen-specific humoral and/or T-cell responses were found in 3 of 7 evaluable patients. However, increased expression of PD-L1 was observed on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and in some cases tumor cells. These findings suggest that systemic IFNγ used to convert SS and MRCL into "hot" tumors will work in concert with anti-PD-1 therapy to provide patient benefit.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Biomarkers
- Biopsy
- Cytokines
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Liposarcoma, Myxoid/etiology
- Liposarcoma, Myxoid/immunology
- Liposarcoma, Myxoid/pathology
- Liposarcoma, Myxoid/therapy
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Sarcoma, Synovial/etiology
- Sarcoma, Synovial/immunology
- Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology
- Sarcoma, Synovial/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karan Kohli
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - R Graeme Black
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lu Yao
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sydney M Spadinger
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qianchuan He
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Lee D Cranmer
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Division of Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert H Pierce
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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42
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Suarez-Kelly LP, Baldi GG, Gronchi A. Pharmacotherapy for liposarcoma: current state of the art and emerging systemic treatments. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1503-1515. [PMID: 31136210 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1618271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Liposarcomas are a heterogeneous group of soft tissue tumors that arise from adipose tissue and are one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas found in adults. Liposarcomas are subclassified into four subtypes with distinct histologic and biologic features that influence their treatment and management. Areas covered: This manuscript reviews the key clinicopathologic and cytogenic characteristics of the liposarcoma histologic subtypes and summarizes the results of recent clinical trials, treatment options, and future directions in the pharmacotherapy for the management of liposarcoma. Expert opinion: Despite significant advancements in the management of this disease, the treatment of liposarcoma continues to be a challenge. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for localized disease; however, use of systemic therapies in conjunction with surgery may be considered in patients where tumor shrinkage could reduce surgical morbidity and in patients with high-risk of micrometastatic disease. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens remain the standard first-line treatment for unresectable/metastatic liposarcoma. Trabectedin and eribulin are currently the two most promising and evidenced-based second-line treatment options for liposarcomas. However, multiple clinical trials dedicated to patients with liposarcoma evaluating novel targeted agents are ongoing. Every effort should be made to enroll patients with liposarcoma into histotype-specific clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena P Suarez-Kelly
- Complex General Surgical Oncology Fellow, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Giacomo G Baldi
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Medical Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato , Prato , Italy.,Adult mesenchymal and Rare Tumor Unit, Department of Cancer Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Sarcoma Service of the Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
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43
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Abstract
Adipocytic neoplasms include a diversity of both benign tumors (lipomas) and malignancies (liposarcomas), and each tumor type is characterized by its own unique molecular alterations driving tumorigenesis. Work over the past 30 years has established the diagnostic utility of several of these characteristic molecular alterations (e.g. MDM2 amplification in well- and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, FUS/EWSR1-DDIT3 gene fusions in myxoid liposarcoma, RB1 loss in spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma). More recent studies have focused on additional molecular alterations which may have therapeutic or prognostic impact. This review will summarize several of the important molecular findings in adipocytic tumors that have been described over the past 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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44
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Kakimoto T, Matsumine A, Kageyama S, Asanuma K, Matsubara T, Nakamura T, Iino T, Ikeda H, Shiku H, Sudo A. Immunohistochemical expression and clinicopathological assessment of the cancer testis antigens NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 in high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3937-3943. [PMID: 30881511 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the expression of the cancer testis antigens New York-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (NY-ESO)-1 and melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-A4 in high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma and to evaluate their association with the standard clinical-pathological features of surgically treated high-grade sarcoma patients. The study included 82 patients, and NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 antigen expression was analyzed immunohistochemically. The results revealed NY-ESO-1- and MAGE-A4-positive staining in 58.8 and 52.9% of synovial sarcomas, and 55.6 and 0% of myxoid liposarcomas, respectively. In patients with synovial sarcoma, NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 were expressed in 7 patients, only NY-ESO-1 was expressed in 3 patients, and only MAGE-A4 was expressed in 2 patients. Univariate analysis indicated that a significantly higher MAGE-A4 expression was observed in younger patients (P<0.001) and those with synovial sarcoma (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that significantly higher NY-ESO-1 expression was observed in patients with synovial sarcoma (P<0.01) and myxoid liposarcoma (P<0.01), and significantly higher MAGE-A4 expression was observed in patients with synovial sarcoma (P<0.01). In high-grade sarcomas, the 2- and 5-year overall survival rates based on Kaplan-Meier estimates were 100 and 81.3% in the NY-ESO-1-positive group, and 69.7 and 53.0% in the NY-ESO-1-negative group, respectively (P=0.049). It was also demonstrated that either NY-ESO-1 or MAGE-A4 was positive in 70.6% of synovial sarcomas. These results indicate that NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 may be useful for the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. The independent expression of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4, which may help expand the pool of candidates for molecular-targeted immunotherapy, will be beneficial for synovial sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kakimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiko Matsumine
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kageyama
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Asanuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takao Matsubara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iino
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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45
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Pender A, Jones RL, Pollack S. Optimising Cancer Vaccine Design in Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:E1. [PMID: 30577459 PMCID: PMC6356514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutics are increasingly recognized as a key tool in the armamentarium against malignancy. The success of immune checkpoint-targeting drugs and adoptive cell therapy has refocused attention on the potential anti-cancer effect of eliciting a tumour-specific immunological response. Sarcomas are a rare and diverse group of tumours with a limited prognosis in advanced disease despite systemic therapeutics. Various vaccine strategies including peptide vaccines against cancer testis antigens, dendritic cell vaccines, and viral vectors have been trialled in sarcoma with growing evidence of efficacy. Here, we review the principles of successful vaccine development and how these have been applied thus far to the treatment of sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pender
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK.
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK.
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Seth Pollack
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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46
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Grethlein SJ. Histology driven systemic therapy of liposarcoma-ready for prime time? Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:96. [PMID: 30603732 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcomas are a subtype of soft tissue sarcomas arising from adipocytes. These mesenchymal tumors have been sub classified into well differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS), dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS), myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS) and pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS). This article reviews what has been reported regarding the responsiveness of these sarcoma subtypes to traditional and newly developed systemic therapies. The evolution of molecular targets for therapeutic intervention within the distinct histologies is discussed, along with, available evidence regarding the efficacy of novel target directed therapies. Response rates and outcomes for advanced disease therapeutic trials comprises the majority of this information, and where available, data from adjuvant therapy trials is reviewed. Overall survival for patients with advanced liposarcoma treated with systemic therapy is 16.3 months. The article addresses our progress toward the goal of improved liposarcoma outcomes through tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jo Grethlein
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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47
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Abstract
Sarcomas are rare tumors derived from mesenchymal connective tissues in the body. Because there are well over 50 histologic sarcoma subtypes, including malignant and non-malignant pathologies, clinical courses and therapeutic management are widely divergent. In general, therapeutic options across all soft tissue sarcomas are limited in number and are often generalized across multiple sarcoma histologies. The recent emergence of molecularly targeted therapies and immune-based agents presents a future of refined systemic treatment practices that are rationally tailored to the tumor by histologic subtype and biologic mechanisms.
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48
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Abaricia S, Hirbe AC. Diagnosis and Treatment of Myxoid Liposarcomas: Histology Matters. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018; 19:64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-018-0590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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49
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Addressing the Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma Microenvironment with Intratumoral Immunotherapy. Sarcoma 2018; 2018:9305294. [PMID: 30158830 PMCID: PMC6109466 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9305294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma is comprised of a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from the mesenchyme. Sarcoma is also the first tumor that responded to immunotherapeutic agents often termed as “Coley's toxins.” However, immunotherapy is yet to establish its presence in sarcomas. Complex interactions between tumor and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in response to immunotherapy. There is a dynamic equilibrium created by the immune cells infiltrating the tumor, and this forms the basis of tumor evasion. Manipulating the intratumoral microenvironment will help overcome tumor evasion.
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50
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Mesiano G, Grignani G, Fiorino E, Leuci V, Rotolo R, D'Ambrosio L, Salfi C, Gammaitoni L, Giraudo L, Pisacane A, Butera S, Pignochino Y, Basiricó M, Capozzi F, Sapino A, Aglietta M, Sangiolo D. Cytokine Induced Killer cells are effective against sarcoma cancer stem cells spared by chemotherapy and target therapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1465161. [PMID: 30393581 PMCID: PMC6208452 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1465161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic bone and soft tissue sarcomas often relapse after chemotherapy (CHT) and molecular targeted therapy (mTT), maintaining a severe prognosis. A subset of sarcoma cancer stem cells (sCSC) is hypothesized to resist conventional drugs and sustain disease relapses. We investigated the immunotherapy activity of cytokine induced killer cells (CIK) against autologous sCSC that survived CHT and mTT. The experimental platform included two aggressive bone and soft tissue sarcoma models: osteosarcoma (OS) and undifferentiated-pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). To visualize putative sCSC we engineered patient-derived sarcoma cultures (2 OS and 3 UPS) with a lentiviral sCSC-detector wherein the promoter of stem-gene Oct4 controls the expression of eGFP. We visualized a fraction of sCSC (mean 24.2 ± 5.2%) and confirmed their tumorigenicity in vivo. sCSC resulted relatively resistant to both CHT and mTT in vitro. Therapeutic doses of doxorubicin significantly enriched viable eGFP+sCSC in both OS (2.6 fold, n = 16) and UPS (2.3 fold, n = 29) compared to untreated controls. Treatment with sorafenib (for OS) and pazopanib (for UPS) also determined enrichment (1.3 fold) of viable eGFP+sCSC, even if less intense than what observed after CHT. Sarcoma cells surviving CHT and mTT were efficiently killed in vitro by autologous CIK even at minimal effector/target ratios (40:1 = 82%, 1:4 = 29%, n = 13). CIK immunotherapy did not spare sCSC that were killed as efficiently as whole sarcoma cell population. The relative chemo-resistance of sCSC and sensitivity to CIK immunotherapy was confirmed in vivo. Our findings support CIK as an innovative, clinically explorable, approach to eradicate chemo-resistant sCSC implicated in tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mesiano
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS. Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy
| | - Giovanni Grignani
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS. Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy
| | - Erika Fiorino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (Torino) Italy
| | - Valeria Leuci
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS. Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (Torino) Italy
| | - Ramona Rotolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (Torino) Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Ambrosio
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS. Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (Torino) Italy
| | - Chiara Salfi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (Torino) Italy
| | - Loretta Gammaitoni
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS. Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy
| | - Lidia Giraudo
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS. Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy
| | - Alberto Pisacane
- Pathology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy
| | - Sara Butera
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Healthy Sciences, Haematology Division 1, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Ymera Pignochino
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS. Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (Torino) Italy
| | - Marco Basiricó
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS. Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy
| | - Federica Capozzi
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS. Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Pathology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS. Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (Torino) Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS. Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, I-10060, Candiolo (To), Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (Torino) Italy
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