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Slager SL, Benavente Y, Blair A, Vermeulen R, Cerhan JR, Costantini AS, Monnereau A, Nieters A, Clavel J, Call TG, Maynadié M, Lan Q, Clarke CA, Lightfoot T, Norman AD, Sampson JN, Casabonne D, Cocco P, de Sanjosé S. Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2015; 2014:41-51. [PMID: 25174025 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are two subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A number of studies have evaluated associations between risk factors and CLL/SLL risk. However, these associations remain inconsistent or lacked confirmation. This may be due, in part, to the inadequate sample size of CLL/SLL cases. METHODS We performed a pooled analysis of 2440 CLL/SLL cases and 15186 controls from 13 case-control studies from Europe, North America, and Australia. We evaluated associations of medical history, family history, lifestyle, and occupational risk factors with CLL/SLL risk. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We confirmed prior inverse associations with any atopic condition and recreational sun exposure. We also confirmed prior elevated associations with usual adult height, hepatitis C virus seropositivity, living or working on a farm, and family history of any hematological malignancy. Novel associations were identified with hairdresser occupation (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.05 to 2.98) and blood transfusion history (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.94). We also found smoking to have modest protective effect (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.81 to 0.99). All exposures showed evidence of independent effects. CONCLUSIONS We have identified or confirmed several independent risk factors for CLL/SLL supporting a role for genetics (through family history), immune function (through allergy and sun), infection (through hepatitis C virus), and height, and other pathways of immune response. Given that CLL/SLL has more than 30 susceptibility loci identified to date, studies evaluating the interaction among genetic and nongenetic factors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Slager
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC).
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Aaron Blair
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - James R Cerhan
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Adele Seniori Costantini
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Timothy G Call
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Marc Maynadié
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Qing Lan
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Christina A Clarke
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Tracy Lightfoot
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Aaron D Norman
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (SLS, JRC, TGC, ADN); Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (YB, DC, SdS); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AB, QL, JNS); Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (RV); Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy (ASC); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Group, Univ Paris Sud, Villejuif, France (AM, JC); Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Gironde and Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France (AM); Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (AN); Biological Hematology Unit; CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, France (MM); Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (CAC); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK (TL); Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (PC)
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