1
|
Gruber T, Lechner F, Krieger JP, García-Cáceres C. Neuroendocrine gut-brain signaling in obesity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00120-6. [PMID: 38821753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed the rise and fall of several, largely unsuccessful, therapeutic attempts to bring the escalating obesity pandemic to a halt. Looking back to look ahead, the field has now put its highest hopes in translating insights from how the gastrointestinal (GI) tract communicates with the brain to calibrate behavior, physiology, and metabolism. A major focus of this review is to summarize the latest advances in comprehending the neuroendocrine aspects of this so-called 'gut-brain axis' and to explore novel concepts, cutting-edge technologies, and recent paradigm-shifting experiments. These exciting insights continue to refine our understanding of gut-brain crosstalk and are poised to promote the development of additional therapeutic avenues at the dawn of a new era of antiobesity therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gruber
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Lechner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Jiang T, An S, Xu M, Gou L, Ren B, Shi X, Wang X, Yan J, Yuan J, Xu X, Wu QF, Luo Q, Gong H, Bian WJ, Li A, Yu X. Single-neuron projectomes of mouse paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus oxytocin neurons reveal mutually exclusive projection patterns. Neuron 2024; 112:1081-1099.e7. [PMID: 38290516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) plays important roles in autonomic control and behavioral modulation. However, it is unknown how the projection patterns of OXT neurons align with underlying physiological functions. Here, we present the reconstructed single-neuron, whole-brain projectomes of 264 OXT neurons of the mouse paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) at submicron resolution. These neurons hierarchically clustered into two groups, with distinct morphological and transcriptional characteristics and mutually exclusive projection patterns. Cluster 1 (177 neurons) axons terminated exclusively in the median eminence (ME) and have few collaterals terminating within hypothalamic regions. By contrast, cluster 2 (87 neurons) sent wide-spread axons to multiple brain regions, but excluding ME. Dendritic arbors of OXT neurons also extended outside of the PVH, suggesting capability to sense signals and modulate target regions. These single-neuron resolution observations reveal distinct OXT subpopulations, provide comprehensive analysis of their morphology, and lay the structural foundation for better understanding the functional heterogeneity of OXT neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humingzhu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Peking University McGovern Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sile An
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mingrui Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lingfeng Gou
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Biyu Ren
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoxue Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215123, China; Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215123, China; Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Gong
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215123, China; Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen-Jie Bian
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Anan Li
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215123, China; Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiang Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and Peking University McGovern Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruska Y, Peterfi Z, Szilvásy-Szabó A, Kővári D, Hrabovszky E, Dorogházi B, Gereben B, Tóth B, Matziari M, Wittmann G, Fekete C. GLP-1 Receptor Signaling Has Different Effects on the Perikarya and Axons of the Hypophysiotropic Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Synthesizing Neurons in Male Mice. Thyroid 2024; 34:252-260. [PMID: 38062754 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is involved in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. As GLP-1 has similar effects on the energy homeostasis as the hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons that regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, we raised the possibility that the TRH neurons are involved in the mediation of the effects of GLP-1. Therefore, the relationship and interaction of the GLP-1 system and the TRH neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were studied. Methods: To examine the anatomical and functional relationship of TRH neurons and the GLP-1 system in the PVN, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology, metabolic phenotyping, and explant experiments were performed. Results: Our data demonstrate that the TRH neurons of the PVN are innervated by GLP-1 producing neurons and express the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). However, not only do the GLP-1-innervated TRH neurons express GLP-1R but the receptor is also present in the axons of the hypophysiotropic TRH neurons in the blood-brain barrier free median eminence (ME) suggesting that peripherally derived GLP-1 may also influence the TRH neurons. In vitro, GLP-1 increased the firing rate of TRH neurons and depolarized them. In addition, GLP-1 directly stimulated the GABAergic input of a population of TRH neurons. Furthermore, GLP-1 inhibited the release of TRH from the hypophysiotropic axons in the ME. In vivo, peripheral GLP-1R agonist administration markedly inhibited the food intake and the energy expenditure, but had no effect on the TRH expression in the PVN and resulted in lower circulating free T4 levels. Conclusions: Our results indicate that GLP-1R activation has a direct stimulatory effect on TRH neurons in the PVN, but the activation of GLP-1R may also inhibit TRH neurons by facilitating their inhibitory inputs or by inhibiting the axon terminals of these cells in the ME. The innervation of TRH neurons by GLP-1 neurons suggests that TRH neurons might be influenced by both circulating GLP-1 and by GLP-1 neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii. The lack of GLP-1R agonist-induced regulation of TRH neurons in vivo suggests that the HPT axis does not mediate the GLP-1R agonist-induced weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Ruska
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology; Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Peterfi
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology; Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Dóra Kővári
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology; Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Beáta Dorogházi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Metabolism; HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Metabolism; HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Blanka Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Magdalini Matziari
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gábor Wittmann
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology; Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology; Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berkhout JB, Poormoghadam D, Yi C, Kalsbeek A, Meijer OC, Mahfouz A. An integrated single-cell RNA-seq atlas of the mouse hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus links transcriptomic and functional types. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13367. [PMID: 38281730 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a highly complex brain region that is crucial for homeostatic regulation through neuroendocrine signaling, outflow of the autonomic nervous system, and projections to other brain areas. In the past years, single-cell datasets of the hypothalamus have contributed immensely to the current understanding of the diverse hypothalamic cellular composition. While the PVN has been adequately classified functionally, its molecular classification is currently still insufficient. To address this, we created a detailed atlas of PVN transcriptomic cell types by integrating various PVN single-cell datasets into a recently published hypothalamus single-cell transcriptome atlas. Furthermore, we functionally profiled transcriptomic cell types, based on relevant literature, existing retrograde tracing data, and existing single-cell data of a PVN-projection target region. Finally, we validated our findings with immunofluorescent stainings. In our PVN atlas dataset, we identify the well-known different neuropeptide types, each composed of multiple novel subtypes. We identify Avp-Tac1, Avp-Th, Oxt-Foxp1, Crh-Nr3c1, and Trh-Nfib as the most important neuroendocrine subtypes based on markers described in literature. To characterize the preautonomic functional population, we integrated a single-cell retrograde tracing study of spinally projecting preautonomic neurons into our PVN atlas. We identify these (presympathetic) neurons to cocluster with the Adarb2+ clusters in our dataset. Further, we identify the expression of receptors for Crh, Oxt, Penk, Sst, and Trh in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, a key region that the pre-parasympathetic PVN neurons project to. Finally, we identify Trh-Ucn3 and Brs3-Adarb2 as some centrally projecting populations. In conclusion, our study presents a detailed overview of the transcriptomic cell types of the murine PVN and provides a first attempt to resolve functionality for the identified populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Berkhout
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Poormoghadam
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Yi
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O C Meijer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Mahfouz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics, Department of Intelligent Systems, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gruber T, Lechner F, Murat C, Contreras RE, Sanchez-Quant E, Miok V, Makris K, Le Thuc O, González-García I, García-Clave E, Althammer F, Krabichler Q, DeCamp LM, Jones RG, Lutter D, Williams RH, Pfluger PT, Müller TD, Woods SC, Pospisilik JA, Martinez-Jimenez CP, Tschöp MH, Grinevich V, García-Cáceres C. High-calorie diets uncouple hypothalamic oxytocin neurons from a gut-to-brain satiation pathway via κ-opioid signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113305. [PMID: 37864798 PMCID: PMC10636643 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin-expressing paraventricular hypothalamic neurons (PVNOT neurons) integrate afferent signals from the gut, including cholecystokinin (CCK), to adjust whole-body energy homeostasis. However, the molecular underpinnings by which PVNOT neurons orchestrate gut-to-brain feeding control remain unclear. Here, we show that mice undergoing selective ablation of PVNOT neurons fail to reduce food intake in response to CCK and develop hyperphagic obesity on a chow diet. Notably, exposing wild-type mice to a high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) diet recapitulates this insensitivity toward CCK, which is linked to diet-induced transcriptional and electrophysiological aberrations specifically in PVNOT neurons. Restoring OT pathways in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice via chemogenetics or polypharmacology sufficiently re-establishes CCK's anorexigenic effects. Last, by single-cell profiling, we identify a specialized PVNOT neuronal subpopulation with increased κ-opioid signaling under an HFHS diet, which restrains their CCK-evoked activation. In sum, we document a (patho)mechanism by which PVNOT signaling uncouples a gut-brain satiation pathway under obesogenic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gruber
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA.
| | - Franziska Lechner
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cahuê Murat
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raian E Contreras
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Sanchez-Quant
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Viktorian Miok
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Makris
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ophélia Le Thuc
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ismael González-García
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena García-Clave
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Quirin Krabichler
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lisa M DeCamp
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA
| | - Russell G Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA
| | - Dominik Lutter
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rhiannan H Williams
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Neurogenomics, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Neurobiology of Diabetes, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA
| | - Celia P Martinez-Jimenez
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA; TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
O’Brien F, Feetham CH, Staunton CA, Hext K, Barrett-Jolley R. Temperature modulates PVN pre-sympathetic neurones via transient receptor potential ion channels. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1256924. [PMID: 37920211 PMCID: PMC10618372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1256924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and modulates cardiovascular function via autonomic pre-sympathetic neurones. We have previously shown that coupling between transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V Member 4 (Trpv4) and small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK) in the PVN facilitate osmosensing, but since TRP channels are also thermosensitive, in this report we investigated the temperature sensitivity of these neurones. Methods: TRP channel mRNA was quantified from mouse PVN with RT-PCR and thermosensitivity of Trpv4-like PVN neuronal ion channels characterised with cell-attached patch-clamp electrophysiology. Following recovery of temperature-sensitive single-channel kinetic schema, we constructed a predictive stochastic mathematical model of these neurones and validated this with electrophysiological recordings of action current frequency. Results: 7 thermosensitive TRP channel genes were found in PVN punches. Trpv4 was the most abundant of these and was identified at the single channel level on PVN neurones. We investigated the thermosensitivity of these Trpv4-like channels; open probability (Po) markedly decreased when temperature was decreased, mediated by a decrease in mean open dwell times. Our neuronal model predicted that PVN spontaneous action current frequency (ACf) would increase as temperature is decreased and in our electrophysiological experiments, we found that ACf from PVN neurones was significantly higher at lower temperatures. The broad-spectrum channel blocker gadolinium (100 µM), was used to block the warm-activated, Ca2+-permeable Trpv4 channels. In the presence of gadolinium (100 µM), the temperature effect was largely retained. Using econazole (10 µM), a blocker of Trpm2, we found there were significant increases in overall ACf and the temperature effect was inhibited. Conclusion: Trpv4, the abundantly transcribed thermosensitive TRP channel gene in the PVN appears to contribute to intrinsic thermosensitive properties of PVN neurones. At physiological temperatures (37°C), we observed relatively low ACf primarily due to the activity of Trpm2 channels, whereas at room temperature, where most of the previous characterisation of PVN neuronal activity has been performed, ACf is much higher, and appears to be predominately due to reduced Trpv4 activity. This work gives insight into the fundamental mechanisms by which the body decodes temperature signals and maintains homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernandez G, De Francesco PN, Cornejo MP, Cabral A, Aguggia JP, Duque VJ, Sayar N, Cantel S, Burgos JI, Fehrentz JA, Rorato R, Atasoy D, Mecawi AS, Perello M. Ghrelin Action in the PVH of Male Mice: Accessibility, Neuronal Targets, and CRH Neurons Activation. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad154. [PMID: 37823477 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The hormone ghrelin displays several well-characterized functions, including some with pharmaceutical interest. The receptor for ghrelin, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), is expressed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), a critical hub for the integration of metabolic, neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral functions. Here, we performed a neuroanatomical and functional characterization of the neuronal types mediating ghrelin actions in the PVH of male mice. We found that fluorescent ghrelin mainly labels PVH neurons immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), which catalyze the production of nitric oxide [NO]). Centrally injected ghrelin increases c-Fos in NOS1 PVH neurons and NOS1 phosphorylation in the PVH. We also found that a high dose of systemically injected ghrelin increases the ghrelin level in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the periventricular PVH, and induces c-Fos in NOS1 PVH neurons. Such a high dose of systemically injected ghrelin activates a subset of NOS1 PVH neurons, which do not express oxytocin, via an arcuate nucleus-independent mechanism. Finally, we found that pharmacological inhibition of NO production fully abrogates ghrelin-induced increase of calcium concentration in corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons of the PVH whereas it partially impairs ghrelin-induced increase of plasma glucocorticoid levels. Thus, plasma ghrelin can directly target a subset of NO-producing neurons of the PVH that is involved in ghrelin-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal neuroendocrine axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - María P Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Julieta P Aguggia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Victor J Duque
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Nilufer Sayar
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier cedex 5 34293, France
| | - Juan I Burgos
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Eugenio Cingolani" (CONICET and National University of La Plata), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier cedex 5 34293, France
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - André S Mecawi
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Santiago-Marrero I, Liu F, Wang H, Arzola EP, Xiong WC, Mei L. Energy Expenditure Homeostasis Requires ErbB4, an Obesity Risk Gene, in the Paraventricular Nucleus. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0139-23.2023. [PMID: 37669858 PMCID: PMC10521346 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0139-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects more than a third adult population in the United States; the prevalence is even higher in patients with major depression disorders. GWAS studies identify the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 as a risk gene for obesity and for major depression disorders. We found that ErbB4 was enriched in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). To investigate its role in metabolism, we deleted ErbB4 by injecting a Cre-expressing virus into the PVH of ErbB4-floxed male mice and found that PVH ErbB4 deletion increased weight gain without altering food intake. ErbB4 PVH deletion also reduced nighttime activity and decreased intrascapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) thermogenesis. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that ErbB4 PVH deletion reduced O2 consumption, CO2 production and heat generation in a manner independent of body weight. Immunostaining experiments show that ErbB4+ neurons in the PVH were positive for oxytocin (OXT); ErbB4 PVH deletion reduces serum levels of OXT. We characterized mice where ErbB4 was specifically mutated in OXT+ neurons and found reduction in energy expenditure, phenotypes similar to PVH ErbB4 deletion. Taken together, our data indicate that ErbB4 in the PVH regulates metabolism likely through regulation of OXT expressing neurons, reveal a novel function of ErbB4 and provide insight into pathophysiological mechanisms of depression-associated obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Santiago-Marrero
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Emily P Arzola
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Beijing 100005, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Makrygianni EA, Chrousos GP. Neural Progenitor Cells and the Hypothalamus. Cells 2023; 12:1822. [PMID: 37508487 PMCID: PMC10378393 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of self-renewing and differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In the postnatal/adult brain, NPCs are primarily located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LVs) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). There is evidence that NPCs are also present in the postnatal/adult hypothalamus, a highly conserved brain region involved in the regulation of core homeostatic processes, such as feeding, metabolism, reproduction, neuroendocrine integration and autonomic output. In the rodent postnatal/adult hypothalamus, NPCs mainly comprise different subtypes of tanycytes lining the wall of the 3rd ventricle. In the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, the neurogenic niche is constituted by tanycytes at the floor of the 3rd ventricle, ependymal cells and ribbon cells (showing a gap-and-ribbon organization similar to that in the SVZ), as well as suprachiasmatic cells. We speculate that in the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, neurogenesis occurs in a highly complex, exquisitely sophisticated neurogenic niche consisting of at least four subniches; this structure has a key role in the regulation of extrahypothalamic neurogenesis, and hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic neural circuits, partly through the release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia A Makrygianni
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Correa-da-Silva F, Kalsbeek MJ, Gadella FS, Oppersma J, Jiang W, Wolff SEC, Korpel NL, Swaab DF, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A, Yi CX. Reduction of oxytocin-containing neurons and enhanced glymphatic activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:107. [PMID: 37400893 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01606-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from animal experiments has shown that the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a key role in regulating body weight and blood glucose levels. However, it is unclear whether neuron populations in the human PVN are involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To address this, we investigated the neuronal and glial populations in the PVN of 26 T2DM patients and 20 matched controls. Our findings revealed a significant reduction in oxytocin (Oxt) neuron density in the PVN of T2DM patients compared to controls, while other neuronal populations remained unchanged. This suggests that Oxt neurons may play a specific role in the pathophysiology of T2DM. Interestingly, the reduction in Oxt neurons was accompanied by a decreased melanocortinergic input in to the PVN as reflected by a reduction in alpha-MSH immunoreactivity. We also analysed two glial cell populations, as they are important for maintaining a healthy neural microenvironment. We found that microglial density, phagocytic capacity, and their proximity to neurons were not altered in T2DM patients, indicating that the loss of Oxt neurons is independent of changes in microglial immunity. However, we did observe a reduction in the number of astrocytes, which are crucial for providing trophic support to local neurons. Moreover, a specific subpopulation of astrocytes characterized by aquaporin 4 expression was overrepresented in T2DM patients. Since this subset of astrocytes is linked to the glymphatic system, their overrepresentation might point to alterations in the hypothalamic waste clearance system in T2DM. Our study shows selective loss of Oxt neurons in the PVN of T2DM individuals in association with astrocytic reduction and gliovascular remodelling. Therefore, hypothalamic Oxt neurons may represent a potential target for T2DM treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Correa-da-Silva
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke S Gadella
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorn Oppersma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha E C Wolff
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita L Korpel
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar SS, Bouwer GT, Jackson MK, Perkinson MR, McDonald FJ, Brown CH, Augustine RA. Kisspeptin neuron projections to oxytocin neurons are not necessary for parturition in the mouse. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1535-1548. [PMID: 37389617 PMCID: PMC10335956 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin is synthesized by hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons and is released from the posterior pituitary gland to trigger uterine contractions during parturition. In rats, oxytocin neuron innervation by periventricular nucleus (PeN) kisspeptin neurons increases over pregnancy and intra-SON kisspeptin administration excites oxytocin neurons only in late pregnancy. To test the hypothesis that kisspeptin neurons excite oxytocin neurons to trigger uterine contractions during birth in C57/B6J mice, double-label immunohistochemistry for kisspeptin and oxytocin first confirmed that kisspeptin neurons project to the SON and PVN. Furthermore, kisspeptin fibers expressed synaptophysin and formed close appositions with oxytocin neurons in the mouse SON and PVN before and during pregnancy. Stereotaxic viral delivery of caspase-3 into the AVPV/PeN of Kiss-Cre mice before mating reduced kisspeptin expression in the AVPV, PeN, SON and PVN by > 90% but did not affect the duration of pregnancy or the timing of delivery of each pup during parturition. Therefore, it appears that AVPV/PeN kisspeptin neuron projections to oxytocin neurons are not necessary for parturition in the mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini S Kumar
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Gregory T Bouwer
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Meliame K Jackson
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Perkinson
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Fiona J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Colin H Brown
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Rachael A Augustine
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Infantes-López MI, Nieto-Quero A, Chaves-Peña P, Zambrana-Infantes E, Cifuentes M, Márquez J, Pedraza C, Pérez-Martín M. New insights into hypothalamic neurogenesis disruption after acute and intense stress: implications for microglia and inflammation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1190418. [PMID: 37425000 PMCID: PMC10327603 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1190418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the hypothalamus has emerged as a new neurogenic area, capable of generating new neurons after development. Neurogenesis-dependent neuroplasticity seems to be critical to continuously adapt to internal and environmental changes. Stress is a potent environmental factor that can produce potent and enduring effects on brain structure and function. Acute and chronic stress is known to cause alterations in neurogenesis and microglia in classical adult neurogenic regions such as the hippocampus. The hypothalamus is one of the major brain regions implicated in homeostatic stress and emotional stress systems, but little is known about the effect of stress on the hypothalamus. Here, we studied the impact of acute and intense stress (water immersion and restrain stress, WIRS), which may be considered as an inducer of an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder, on neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in the hypothalamus of adult male mice, focusing on three nuclei: PVN, VMN and ARC, and also in the periventricular area. Our data revealed that a unique stressor was sufficient to provoke a significant impact on hypothalamic neurogenesis by inducing a reduction in the proliferation and number of immature neurons identified as DCX+ cells. These differences were accompanied by marked microglial activation in the VMN and ARC, together with a concomitant increase in IL-6 levels, indicating that WIRS induced an inflammatory response. To investigate the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for neuroplastic and inflammatory changes, we tried to identify proteomic changes. The data revealed that WIRS induced changes in the hypothalamic proteome, modifying the abundance of three and four proteins after 1 h or 24 h of stress application, respectively. These changes were also accompanied by slight changes in the weight and food intake of the animals. These results are the first to show that even a short-term environmental stimulus such as acute and intense stress can have neuroplastic, inflammatory, functional and metabolic consequences on the adult hypothalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Inmaculada Infantes-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Andrea Nieto-Quero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Chaves-Peña
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emma Zambrana-Infantes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Canceromics Lab, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rasiah NP, Loewen SP, Bains JS. Windows into stress: a glimpse at emerging roles for CRH PVN neurons. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1667-1691. [PMID: 36395349 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00056.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The corticotropin-releasing hormone cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (CRHPVN) control the slow endocrine response to stress. The synapses on these cells are exquisitely sensitive to acute stress, leveraging local signals to leave a lasting imprint on this system. Additionally, recent work indicates that these cells also play key roles in the control of distinct stress and survival behaviors. Here we review these observations and provide a perspective on the role of CRHPVN neurons as integrative and malleable hubs for behavioral, physiological, and endocrine responses to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neilen P Rasiah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Spencer P Loewen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaideep S Bains
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Talpo F, Spaiardi P, Castagno AN, Maniezzi C, Raffin F, Terribile G, Sancini G, Pisani A, Biella GR. Neuromodulatory functions exerted by oxytocin on different populations of hippocampal neurons in rodents. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1082010. [PMID: 36816855 PMCID: PMC9932910 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1082010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide widely known for its peripheral hormonal effects (i.e., parturition and lactation) and central neuromodulatory functions, related especially to social behavior and social, spatial, and episodic memory. The hippocampus is a key structure for these functions, it is innervated by oxytocinergic fibers, and contains OT receptors (OTRs). The hippocampal OTR distribution is not homogeneous among its subregions and types of neuronal cells, reflecting the specificity of oxytocin's modulatory action. In this review, we describe the most recent discoveries in OT/OTR signaling in the hippocampus, focusing primarily on the electrophysiological oxytocinergic modulation of the OTR-expressing hippocampal neurons. We then look at the effect this modulation has on the balance of excitation/inhibition and synaptic plasticity in each hippocampal subregion. Additionally, we review OTR downstream signaling, which underlies the OT effects observed in different types of hippocampal neuron. Overall, this review comprehensively summarizes the advancements in unraveling the neuromodulatory functions exerted by OT on specific hippocampal networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Spaiardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Nicolas Castagno
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Maniezzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Raffin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Terribile
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Sancini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,Nanomedicine Center, Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Neurological Institute Foundation Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Rosario Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy,*Correspondence: Gerardo Rosario Biella,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Woods C, Contoreggi NH, Johnson MA, Milner TA, Wang G, Glass MJ. Estrogen receptor beta activity contributes to both tumor necrosis factor alpha expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and the resistance to hypertension following angiotensin II in female mice. Neurochem Int 2022; 161:105420. [PMID: 36170907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the sensitivity to hypertension and inflammatory processes are well characterized but insufficiently understood. In male mice, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to hypertension following slow-pressor angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. However, the role of PVN TNFα in the response to AngII in female mice is unknown. Using a combination of in situ hybridization, high-resolution electron microscopic immunohistochemistry, spatial-temporal gene silencing, and dihydroethidium microfluorography we investigated the influence of AngII on both blood pressure and PVN TNFα signaling in female mice. We found that chronic (14-day) infusion of AngII in female mice did not impact blood pressure, TNFα levels, the expression of the TNFα type 1 receptor (TNFR1), or the subcellular distribution of TNFR1 in the PVN. However, it was shown that blockade of estrogen receptor β (ERβ), a major hypothalamic estrogen receptor, was accompanied by both elevated PVN TNFα and hypertension following AngII. Further, AngII hypertension following ERβ blockade was attenuated by inhibiting PVN TNFα signaling by local TNFR1 silencing. It was also shown that ERβ blockade in isolated PVN-spinal cord projection neurons (i.e. sympathoexcitatory) heightened TNFα-induced production of NADPH oxidase (NOX2)-mediated reactive oxygen species, molecules that may play a key role in mediating the effect of TNFα in hypertension. These results indicate that ERβ contributes to the reduced sensitivity of female mice to hypothalamic inflammatory cytokine signaling and hypertension in response to AngII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Woods
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Natalina H Contoreggi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Megan A Johnson
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang D, Zhang R, Gasparini S, McDonough MC, Paradee WJ, Geerling JC. Neuropeptide S (NPS) neurons: Parabrachial identity and novel distributions. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:3157-3178. [PMID: 36036349 PMCID: PMC9588594 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) increases wakefulness. A small number of neurons in the brainstem express Nps. These neurons are located in or near the parabrachial nucleus (PB), but we know very little about their ontogeny, connectivity, and function. To identify Nps-expressing neurons within the molecular framework of the PB region, we used in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and Cre-reporter labeling in mice. The primary concentration of Nps-expressing neurons borders the lateral lemniscus at far-rostral levels of the lateral PB. Caudal to this main cluster, Nps-expressing neurons scatter through the PB and form a secondary concentration medial to the locus coeruleus (LC). Most Nps-expressing neurons in the PB region are Atoh1-derived, Foxp2-expressing, and mutually exclusive with neurons expressing Calca or Lmx1b. Among Foxp2-expressing PB neurons, those expressing Nps are distinct from intermingled subsets expressing Cck or Pdyn. Examining Nps Cre-reporter expression throughout the brain identified novel populations of neurons in the nucleus incertus, anterior hypothalamus, and lateral habenula. This information will help focus experimental questions about the connectivity and function of NPS neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dake Huang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
| | - Richie Zhang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang HC, Lee YJ, Javed S, Haque M, Chang YT, Lin YC, Oram C, Huang WH. rAAV-CRISPRa therapy corrects Rai1 haploinsufficiency and rescues selective disease features in Smith-Magenis syndrome mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102728. [PMID: 36410433 PMCID: PMC9762195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency in retinoic acid induced 1 (RAI1) causes Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by neurocognitive deficits and obesity. Currently, curative treatments for SMS do not exist. Here, we take a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats activation (CRISPRa) approach to increase expression of the remaining intact Rai1 allele. Building upon our previous work that found the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus plays a central role in SMS pathogenesis, we performed paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus-specific rAAV-CRISPRa therapy by increasing endogenous Rai1 expression in SMS (Rai1±) mice. We found that rAAV-CRISPRa therapy rescues excessive repetitive behavior, delays the onset of obesity, and partially reduces hyperphagia in SMS mice. Our work provides evidence that rAAV-CRISPRa therapy during early adolescence can boost the expression of healthy Rai1 allele and modify disease progression in a mouse model of Smith-Magenis syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Cheng Chang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University, Québec, Canada,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yu-Ju Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University, Québec, Canada,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sehrish Javed
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University, Québec, Canada,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Minza Haque
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University, Québec, Canada,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University, Québec, Canada,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yu Cheng Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University, Québec, Canada,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cameron Oram
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University, Québec, Canada,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University, Québec, Canada,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada,For correspondence: Wei-Hsiang Huang
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Islam MT, Rumpf F, Tsuno Y, Kodani S, Sakurai T, Matsui A, Maejima T, Mieda M. Vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus promote wakefulness via lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3871-3885.e4. [PMID: 35907397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The sleep-wakefulness cycle is regulated by complicated neural networks that include many different populations of neurons throughout the brain. Arginine vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVHAVP) regulate various physiological events and behaviors, such as body-fluid homeostasis, blood pressure, stress response, social interaction, and feeding. Changes in arousal level often accompany these PVHAVP-mediated adaptive responses. However, the contribution of PVHAVP neurons to sleep-wakefulness regulation has remained unknown. Here, we report the involvement of PVHAVP neurons in arousal promotion. Optogenetic stimulation of PVHAVP neurons rapidly induced transitions to wakefulness from both NREM and REM sleep. This arousal effect was dependent on AVP expression in these neurons. Similarly, chemogenetic activation of PVHAVP neurons increased wakefulness and reduced NREM and REM sleep, whereas chemogenetic inhibition of these neurons significantly reduced wakefulness and increased NREM sleep. We observed dense projections of PVHAVP neurons in the lateral hypothalamus with potential connections to orexin/hypocretin (LHOrx) neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of PVHAVP neuronal fibers in the LH immediately induced wakefulness, whereas blocking orexin receptors attenuated the arousal effect of PVHAVP neuronal activation drastically. Monosynaptic rabies-virus tracing revealed that PVHAVP neurons receive inputs from multiple brain regions involved in sleep-wakefulness regulation, as well as those involved in stress response and energy metabolism. Moreover, PVHAVP neurons mediated the arousal induced by novelty stress and a melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II. Thus, our data suggested that PVHAVP neurons promote wakefulness via LHOrx neurons in the basal sleep-wakefulness and some stressful conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Tarikul Islam
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Florian Rumpf
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Würzburg, Beatrice-Edgell-Weg 21, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yusuke Tsuno
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shota Kodani
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Faculty of Medicine/WPI-IIIS, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ayako Matsui
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takashi Maejima
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ichiyama A, Mestern S, Benigno GB, Scott KE, Allman BL, Muller L, Inoue W. State-dependent activity dynamics of hypothalamic stress effector neurons. eLife 2022; 11:76832. [PMID: 35770968 PMCID: PMC9278954 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress response necessitates an immediate boost in vital physiological functions from their homeostatic operation to an elevated emergency response. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this state-dependent change remain largely unknown. Using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiology with computational modeling, we report that corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the effector neurons of hormonal stress response, rapidly transition between distinct activity states through recurrent inhibition. Specifically, in vivo optrode recording shows that under non-stress conditions, CRHPVN neurons often fire with rhythmic brief bursts (RB), which, somewhat counterintuitively, constrains firing rate due to long (~2 s) interburst intervals. Stressful stimuli rapidly switch RB to continuous single spiking (SS), permitting a large increase in firing rate. A spiking network model shows that recurrent inhibition can control this activity-state switch, and more broadly the gain of spiking responses to excitatory inputs. In biological CRHPVN neurons ex vivo, the injection of whole-cell currents derived from our computational model recreates the in vivo-like switch between RB and SS, providing direct evidence that physiologically relevant network inputs enable state-dependent computation in single neurons. Together, we present a novel mechanism for state-dependent activity dynamics in CRHPVN neurons.
Collapse
|
20
|
Whole-Brain Wiring Diagram of Oxytocin System in Adult Mice. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5021-5033. [PMID: 35606144 PMCID: PMC9233446 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0307-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (Oxt) neurons regulate diverse physiological responses via direct connections with different neural circuits. However, the lack of comprehensive input-output wiring diagrams of Oxt neurons and their quantitative relationship with Oxt receptor (Oxtr) expression presents challenges to understanding circuit-specific Oxt functions. Here, we establish a whole-brain distribution and anatomic connectivity map of Oxt neurons, and their relationship with Oxtr expression using high-resolution 3D mapping methods in adult male and female mice. We use a flatmap to describe Oxt neuronal expression in four hypothalamic domains including under-characterized Oxt neurons in the tuberal nucleus (TU). Oxt neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) broadly project to nine functional circuits that control cognition, brain state, and somatic visceral response. In contrast, Oxt neurons in the supraoptic (SO) and accessory (AN) nuclei have limited central projection to a small subset of the nine circuits. Surprisingly, quantitative comparison between Oxt output and Oxtr expression showed no significant correlation across the whole brain, suggesting abundant indirect Oxt signaling in Oxtr-expressing areas. Unlike output, Oxt neurons in both the PVH and SO receive similar monosynaptic inputs from a subset of the nine circuits mainly in the thalamic, hypothalamic, and cerebral nuclei areas. Our results suggest that PVH-Oxt neurons serve as a central modulator to integrate external and internal information via largely reciprocal connection with the nine circuits while the SO-Oxt neurons act mainly as unidirectional Oxt hormonal output. In summary, our Oxt wiring diagram provides anatomic insights about distinct behavioral functions of Oxt signaling in the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Oxytocin (Oxt) neurons regulate diverse physiological functions from prosocial behavior to pain sensation via central projection in the brain. Thus, understanding detailed anatomic connectivity of Oxt neurons can provide insight on circuit-specific roles of Oxt signaling in regulating different physiological functions. Here, we use high-resolution mapping methods to describe the 3D distribution, monosynaptic input and long-range output of Oxt neurons, and their relationship with Oxt receptor (Oxtr) expression across the entire mouse brain. We found Oxt connections with nine functional circuits controlling cognition, brain state, and somatic visceral response. Furthermore, we identified a quantitatively unmatched Oxt-Oxtr relationship, suggesting broad indirect Oxt signaling. Together, our comprehensive Oxt wiring diagram advances our understanding of circuit-specific roles of Oxt neurons.
Collapse
|
21
|
Arakawa H, Higuchi Y. Exocrine scent marking: Coordinative role of arginine vasopressin in the systemic regulation of social signaling behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104597. [PMID: 35248677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neurohypophysial hormone that coordinatively regulates central socio-emotional behavior and peripheral control of antidiuretic fluid homeostasis. Most mammals, including rodents, utilize exocrine or urine-contained scent marking as a social signaling tool that facilitates social adaptation. The exocrine scent marking behavior is postulated to fine-tune sensory and cognitive abilities to recognize key social features via exocrine/urinary olfactory cues and subsequently control exocrine deposition or urinary marking through the mediation of osmotic fluid balance. AVP is implicated as a major player in controlling both recognition and signaling responses. This review provides constructive hypotheses on the coordinative processes of the AVP neurohypophysial circuits in the systemic regulations of fluid control and social-communicative behavior, via the expression of exocrine scent marking, and further emphasizes a potential role of AVP in a common mechanism underlying social communication in rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arakawa
- Depertment of Systems Physiology, University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Yuki Higuchi
- Depertment of Systems Physiology, University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Grassi D, Marraudino M, Garcia-Segura LM, Panzica GC. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus as a central hub for the estrogenic modulation of neuroendocrine function and behavior. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100974. [PMID: 34995643 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) help coordinate reproduction with body physiology, growth and metabolism. PVN integrates hormonal and neural signals originating in the periphery, generating an output mediated both by its long-distance neuronal projections, and by a variety of neurohormones produced by its magnocellular and parvocellular neurosecretory cells. Here we review the cyto-and chemo-architecture, the connectivity and function of PVN and the sex-specific regulation exerted by estradiol on PVN neurons and on the expression of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, neuropeptides and neurohormones in PVN. Classical and non-classical estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in neuronal afferents to PVN and in specific PVN interneurons, projecting neurons, neurosecretory neurons and glial cells that are involved in the input-output integration and coordination of neurohormonal signals. Indeed, PVN ERs are known to modulate body homeostatic processes such as autonomic functions, stress response, reproduction, and metabolic control. Finally, the functional implications of the estrogenic modulation of the PVN for body homeostasis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Grassi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Marraudino
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - L M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - G C Panzica
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Torino, Italy; Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Watts AG, Kanoski SE, Sanchez-Watts G, Langhans W. The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:689-813. [PMID: 34486393 PMCID: PMC8759974 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities that has coincided with an ever increasing sophistication of genetically based manipulations. These techniques have produced results with a remarkable degree of cell specificity, particularly at the cell signaling level, and have played a lead role in advancing the field. However, putting these findings into a brain-wide context that connects physiological signals and neurons to behavior and somatic physiology requires a thorough consideration of neuronal connections: a field that has also seen an extraordinary technological revolution. Our goal is to present a comprehensive and balanced assessment of how physiological signals associated with energy homeostasis interact at many brain levels to control eating behaviors. A major theme is that these signals engage sets of interacting neural networks throughout the brain that are defined by specific neural connections. We begin by discussing some fundamental concepts, including ones that still engender vigorous debate, that provide the necessary frameworks for understanding how the brain controls meal initiation and termination. These include key word definitions, ATP availability as the pivotal regulated variable in energy homeostasis, neuropeptide signaling, homeostatic and hedonic eating, and meal structure. Within this context, we discuss network models of how key regions in the endbrain (or telencephalon), hypothalamus, hindbrain, medulla, vagus nerve, and spinal cord work together with the gastrointestinal tract to enable the complex motor events that permit animals to eat in diverse situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Graciela Sanchez-Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule-Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gaspari S, Quenneville S, Rodriguez Sanchez‐Archidona A, Thorens B, Croizier S. Structural and molecular characterization of paraventricular thalamic glucokinase-expressing neuronal circuits in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1773-1949. [PMID: 35303367 PMCID: PMC9542162 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The thalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVT) is a structure highly interconnected with several nuclei ranging from forebrain to hypothalamus and brainstem. Numerous rodent studies have examined afferent and efferent connections of the PVT and their contribution to behavior, revealing its important role in the integration of arousal cues. However, the majority of these studies used a region‐oriented approach, without considering the neuronal subtype diversity of the nucleus. In the present study, we provide the anatomical and transcriptomic characterization of a subpopulation of PVT neurons molecularly defined by the expression of glucokinase (Gck). Combining a genetically modified mouse model with viral tracing approaches, we mapped both the anterograde and the retrograde projections of Gck‐positive neurons of the anterior PVT (GckaPVT). Our results demonstrated that GckaPVT neurons innervate several nuclei throughout the brain axis. The strongest connections are with forebrain areas associated with reward and stress and with hypothalamic structures involved in energy balance and feeding regulation. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of the Gck‐expressing neurons revealed that they are enriched in receptors for hypothalamic‐derived neuropeptides, adhesion molecules, and obesity and diabetes susceptibility transcription factors. Using retrograde labeling combined with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we identify that GckaPVT neurons receive direct inputs from well‐defined hypothalamic populations, including arginine‐vasopressin‐, melanin‐concentrating hormone‐, orexin‐, and proopiomelanocortin‐expressing neurons. This detailed anatomical and transcriptomic characterization of GckaPVT neurons provides a basis for functional studies of the integration of homeostatic and hedonic aspects of energy homeostasis, and for deciphering the potential role of these neurons in obesity and diabetes development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevasti Gaspari
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Simon Quenneville
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sophie Croizier
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kővári D, Penksza V, Szilvásy-Szabó A, Sinkó R, Gereben B, Mackie K, Fekete C. Tanycyte specific ablation of diacylglycerol lipase alpha stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis by decreasing the endocannabinoid mediated inhibition of TRH release. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13079. [PMID: 34970803 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-synthesizing neurons, a glial cell type, the tanycytes, also play a role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Tanycytes modulate the feedback regulation of the axis by regulating the local thyroid hormone availability in the median eminence where the hypophysiotropic axons terminate. Recently, we showed that tanycytes produce diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLα), the synthesizing enzyme of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) that inhibits the release of TRH from the hypophysiotropic terminals in median eminence explants. To determine the importance of the endocannabinoid production of tanycytes, adult male Rax-CreERT2//DAGLαfl/fl mice were treated with tamoxifen to induce a tanycyte specific decrease of DAGLα expression (T-DAGLα KO). The effect of this genetic manipulation on the activity of the HPT axis was determined. Tanycyte specific decrease of DAGLα expression resulted in an approximately 2-fold increase of TSHβ mRNA level that was accompanied by increased levels of circulating free T4. The TRH mRNA level was, however, not influenced by the genetic manipulation. In addition to the effects on the HPT axis, the T-DAGLα KO mice showed increased fat mass ratio and decreased blood glucose levels. These data indicate that when endocannabinoid release of tanycytes is decreased, the disinhibition of the TRH release induces increased TSH synthesis and higher circulating T4 levels. Thus it suggests that in wild-type mice, tanycytes exert a tonic inhibitory effect on the TRH release of hypophysiotropic axons. Furthermore, the endocannabinoid release of tanycytes also influences glucose homeostasis and fat deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kővári
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Neuroendocrinology Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Penksza
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Szilvásy-Szabó
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richárd Sinkó
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Neuroendocrinology Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Metabolism, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Metabolism, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Short AK, Thai CW, Chen Y, Kamei N, Pham AL, Birnie MT, Bolton JL, Mortazavi A, Baram TZ. Single-Cell Transcriptional Changes in Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-Expressing Neurons After Early-Life Adversity Inform Enduring Alterations in Vulnerabilities to Stress. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 3:99-109. [PMID: 36712559 PMCID: PMC9874075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health and vulnerabilities to neuropsychiatric disorders involve the interplay of genes and environment, particularly during sensitive developmental periods. Early-life adversity (ELA) and stress promote vulnerabilities to stress-related affective disorders, yet it is unknown how transient ELA dictates lifelong neuroendocrine and behavioral reactions to stress. The population of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-expressing neurons that regulate stress responses is a promising candidate to mediate the long-lasting influences of ELA on stress-related behavioral and hormonal responses via enduring transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. Methods Capitalizing on a well-characterized model of ELA, we examined ELA-induced changes in gene expression profiles of CRF-expressing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of developing male mice. We used single-cell RNA sequencing on isolated CRF-expressing neurons. We determined the enduring functional consequences of transcriptional changes on stress reactivity in adult ELA mice, including hormonal responses to acute stress, adrenal weights as a measure of chronic stress, and behaviors in the looming shadow threat task. Results Single-cell transcriptomics identified distinct and novel CRF-expressing neuronal populations, characterized by both their gene expression repertoire and their neurotransmitter profiles. ELA-provoked expression changes were selective to specific subpopulations and affected genes involved in neuronal differentiation, synapse formation, energy metabolism, and cellular responses to stress and injury. Importantly, these expression changes were impactful, apparent from adrenal hypertrophy and augmented behavioral responses to stress in adulthood. Conclusions We uncover a novel repertoire of stress-regulating CRF cell types differentially affected by ELA and resulting in augmented stress vulnerability, with relevance to the origins of stress-related affective disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabel K. Short
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Christina W. Thai
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Yuncai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Noriko Kamei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Aidan L. Pham
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Matthew T. Birnie
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Jessica L. Bolton
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Tallie Z. Baram
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California,Address correspondence to Tallie Z. Baram, M.D., Ph.D.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lanzillo M, Gervais M, Croizier S. Ontogeny of the Projections From the Dorsomedial Division of the Anterior Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis to Hypothalamic Nuclei. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:748186. [PMID: 34916896 PMCID: PMC8669758 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.748186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a telencephalic structure well-connected to hypothalamic regions known to control goal-oriented behaviors such as feeding. In particular, we showed that the dorsomedial division of the anterior BNST innervate neurons of the paraventricular (PVH), dorsomedial (DMH), and arcuate (ARH) hypothalamic nuclei as well as the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). While the anatomy of these projections has been characterized in mice, their ontogeny has not been studied. In this study, we used the DiI-based tract tracing approach to study the development of BNST projections innervating several hypothalamic areas including the PVH, DMH, ARH, and LHA. These results indicate that projections from the dorsomedial division of the anterior BNST to hypothalamic nuclei are immature at birth and substantially reach the PVH, DMH, and the LHA at P10. In the ARH, only sparse fibers are observed at P10, but their density increased markedly between P12 and P14. Collectively, these findings provide new insight into the ontogeny of hypothalamic circuits, and highlight the importance of considering the developmental context as a direct modulator in their proper formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lanzillo
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manon Gervais
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Croizier
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yoo ES, Li L, Jia L, Lord CC, Lee CE, Birnbaum SG, Vianna CR, Berglund ED, Cunningham KA, Xu Y, Sohn JW, Liu C. Gα i/o-coupled Htr2c in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus antagonizes the anorectic effect of serotonin agents. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109997. [PMID: 34788630 PMCID: PMC8636014 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The anorexigenic effect of serotonergic compounds has largely been attributed to activation of serotonin 2C receptors (Htr2cs). Using mouse genetic models in which Htr2c can be selectively deleted or restored (in Htr2c-null mice), we investigate the role of Htr2c in forebrain Sim1 neurons. Unexpectedly, we find that Htr2c acts in these neurons to promote food intake and counteract the anorectic effect of serotonergic appetite suppressants. Furthermore, Htr2c marks a subset of Sim1 neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Chemogenetic activation of these neurons in adult mice suppresses hunger, whereas their silencing promotes feeding. In support of an orexigenic role of PVH Htr2c, whole-cell patch-clamp experiments demonstrate that activation of Htr2c inhibits PVH neurons. Intriguingly, this inhibition is due to Gαi/o-dependent activation of ATP-sensitive K+ conductance, a mechanism of action not identified previously in the mammalian nervous system. Yoo et al. show that Htr2c, the target of a former weight loss drug, can inhibit and promote food intake by coupling with distinct intracellular signaling events in different hypothalamic neurons. These findings may help explain the rather modest anti-obesity effects of Htr2c agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seon Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Li Li
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Caleb C Lord
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Charlotte E Lee
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shari G Birnbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Claudia R Vianna
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric D Berglund
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Chen Liu
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bonaldo B, Casile A, Bettarelli M, Gotti S, Panzica G, Marraudino M. Effects of chronic exposure to bisphenol A in adult female mice on social behavior, vasopressin system, and estrogen membrane receptor (GPER1). Eur J Histochem 2021; 65:3272. [PMID: 34755506 PMCID: PMC8607277 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an organic synthetic compound found in some plastics and epoxy resins, is classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical. Exposure to BPA is especially dangerous if it occurs during specific "critical periods" of life, when organisms are more sensitive to hormonal changes (i.e., intrauterine, perinatal, juvenile or puberty periods). In this study, we focused on the effects of chronic exposure to BPA in adult female mice starting during pregnancy. Three months old C57BL/6J females were orally exposed to BPA or to vehicle (corn oil). The treatment (4 µg/kg body weight/day) started the day 0 of pregnancy and continued throughout pregnancy, lactation, and lasted for a total of 20 weeks. BPA-treated dams did not show differences in body weight or food intake, but they showed an altered estrous cycle compared to the controls. In order to evidence alterations in social and sociosexual behaviors, we performed the Three-Chamber test for sociability, and analyzed two hypothalamic circuits (well-known targets of endocrine disruption) particularly involved in the control of social behavior: the vasopressin and the oxytocin systems. The test revealed some alterations in the displaying of social behavior: BPA-treated dams have higher locomotor activity compared to the control dams, probably a signal of high level of anxiety. In addition, BPA-treated dams spent more time interacting with no-tester females than with no-tester males. In brain sections, we observed a decrease of vasopressin immunoreactivity (only in the paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei) of BPA-treated females, while we did not find any alteration of the oxytocin system. In parallel, we have also observed, in the same hypothalamic nuclei, a significant reduction of the membrane estrogen receptor GPER1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Bonaldo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano (TO); Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi-Montalcini", University of Turin.
| | - Antonino Casile
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano (TO).
| | | | - Stefano Gotti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano (TO); Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi-Montalcini", University of Turin.
| | - GianCarlo Panzica
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano (TO); Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi-Montalcini", University of Turin.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ramlall EK, Hall MAL, Forger NG, Castillo-Ruiz A. Cesarean birth elicits long-term effects on vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of mice. Horm Behav 2021; 136:105080. [PMID: 34749276 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Birth is an extraordinary event for placental mammals and occurs at a time when key developmental processes are shaping the brain. Remarkably, little is known about the contributions of birth to brain development and whether birth mode (vaginal vs. Cesarean) alters neurodevelopmental trajectories. We previously reported that Cesarean birth reduces vasopressin (VP) neuron number in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of mice at weaning. In this study, we investigated whether this effect extends to adulthood and whether birth mode affects oxytocin (OT) neurons, which are another prominent population in the PVN. We found that Cesarean-born adults had fewer VP neurons in the PVN, specifically in magnocellular regions. Interestingly, these regions also had more dying cells following a Cesarean birth, suggesting that cell death may be the underlying mechanism. The PVN of Cesarean-born adults also had smaller VP neuron somas and reduced VP efferent projections. Additionally, Cesarean-born mice showed fewer and smaller OT neurons in the PVN, but these effects were less robust than for VP neurons. We also examined VP and OT neuron number in the supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei but found no effect of birth mode in these regions. Thus, Cesarean birth causes long-term effects on the VP and, to a lesser extent, OT systems in the PVN, suggesting that this region is particularly sensitive to the effects of birth mode. Our findings may help explain the social deficits reported for Cesarean-born mice, and are also of clinical significance given the widespread practice of Cesarean births across the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Ramlall
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Megan A L Hall
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Nancy G Forger
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jones JR, Chaturvedi S, Granados-Fuentes D, Herzog ED. Circadian neurons in the paraventricular nucleus entrain and sustain daily rhythms in glucocorticoids. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5763. [PMID: 34599158 PMCID: PMC8486846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Signals from the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), must be decoded to generate daily rhythms in hormone release. Here, we hypothesized that the SCN entrains rhythms in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to time the daily release of corticosterone. In vivo recording revealed a critical circuit from SCN vasoactive intestinal peptide (SCNVIP)-producing neurons to PVN corticotropin-releasing hormone (PVNCRH)-producing neurons. PVNCRH neurons peak in clock gene expression around midday and in calcium activity about three hours later. Loss of the clock gene Bmal1 in CRH neurons results in arrhythmic PVNCRH calcium activity and dramatically reduces the amplitude and precision of daily corticosterone release. SCNVIP activation reduces (and inactivation increases) corticosterone release and PVNCRH calcium activity, and daily SCNVIP activation entrains PVN clock gene rhythms by inhibiting PVNCRH neurons. We conclude that daily corticosterone release depends on coordinated clock gene and neuronal activity rhythms in both SCNVIP and PVNCRH neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff R Jones
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sneha Chaturvedi
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Erik D Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Olson B, Diba P, Korzun T, Marks DL. Neural Mechanisms of Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163990. [PMID: 34439145 PMCID: PMC8391721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cachexia is a devastating wasting syndrome that occurs in many illnesses, with signs and symptoms including anorexia, weight loss, cognitive impairment and fatigue. The brain is capable of exerting overarching homeostatic control of whole-body metabolism and is increasingly being recognized as an important mediator of cancer cachexia. Given the increased recognition and discovery of neural mechanisms of cancer cachexia, we sought to provide an in-depth review and update of mechanisms by which the brain initiates and propagates cancer cachexia programs. Furthermore, recent work has identified new molecular mediators of cachexia that exert their effects through their direct interaction with the brain. Therefore, this review will summarize neural mechanisms of cachexia and discuss recently identified neural mediators of cancer cachexia. Abstract Nearly half of cancer patients suffer from cachexia, a metabolic syndrome characterized by progressive atrophy of fat and lean body mass. This state of excess catabolism decreases quality of life, ability to tolerate treatment and eventual survival, yet no effective therapies exist. Although the central nervous system (CNS) orchestrates several manifestations of cachexia, the precise mechanisms of neural dysfunction during cachexia are still being unveiled. Herein, we summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CNS dysfunction during cancer cachexia with a focus on inflammatory, autonomic and neuroendocrine processes and end with a discussion of recently identified CNS mediators of cachexia, including GDF15, LCN2 and INSL3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Olson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (B.O.); (P.D.); (T.K.)
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Parham Diba
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (B.O.); (P.D.); (T.K.)
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Tetiana Korzun
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (B.O.); (P.D.); (T.K.)
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel L. Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Arcuate and Preoptic Kisspeptin Neurons Exhibit Differential Projections to Hypothalamic Nuclei and Exert Opposite Postsynaptic Effects on Hypothalamic Paraventricular and Dorsomedial Nuclei in the Female Mouse. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0093-21.2021. [PMID: 34281980 PMCID: PMC8354717 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0093-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons provide indispensable excitatory input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, which is important for the coordinated release of gonadotropins, estrous cyclicity and ovulation. However, Kiss1 neurons also send projections to many other brain regions within and outside the hypothalamus. Two different populations of Kiss1 neurons, one in the arcuate nucleus (Kiss1ARH) and another in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and periventricular nucleus (PeN; Kiss1AVPV/PeN) of the hypothalamus are differentially regulated by ovarian steroids, and are believed to form direct contacts with GnRH neurons as well as other neurons. To investigate the projection fields from Kiss1AVPV/PeN and Kiss1ARH neurons in female mice, we used anterograde projection analysis, and channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping (CRACM) to explore their functional input to select target neurons within the paraventricular (PVH) and dorsomedial (DMH) hypothalamus, key preautonomic nuclei. Cre-dependent viral (AAV1-DIO-ChR2 mCherry) vectors were injected into the brain to label the two Kiss1 neuronal populations. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) for mCherry and neuropeptides combined with confocal microscopy was used to determine the projection-fields of both Kiss1 neuronal groups. Whole-cell electrophysiology and optogenetics were used to elucidate the functional input to the PVH and DMH. Our analysis revealed many common but also several clearly separate projection fields between the two different populations of Kiss1 neurons. In addition, optogenetic stimulation of Kiss1 projections to PVH prodynorphin, Vglut2 and DMH CART-expressing neurons, revealed excitatory glutamatergic input from Kiss1ARH neurons and inhibitory GABAergic input from Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons. Therefore, these steroid-sensitive Kiss1 neuronal groups can differentially control the excitability of target neurons to coordinate autonomic functions with reproduction.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wei HH, Yuan XS, Chen ZK, Chen PP, Xiang Z, Qu WM, Li RX, Zhou GM, Huang ZL. Presynaptic inputs to vasopressin neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus in mice. Exp Neurol 2021; 343:113784. [PMID: 34139240 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are involved in important physiological behaviors, such as controling osmotic stability and thermoregulation. However, the presynaptic input patterns governing AVP neurons have remained poorly understood due to their heterogeneity, as well as intermingling of AVP neurons with other neurons both in the SON and PVN. In the present study, we employed a retrograde modified rabies-virus system to reveal the brain areas that provide specific inputs to AVP neurons in the SON and PVN. We found that AVP neurons of the SON and PVN received similar input patterns from multiple areas of the brain, particularly massive afferent inputs from the diencephalon and other brain regions of the limbic system; however, PVNAVP neurons received relatively broader and denser inputs compared to SONAVP neurons. Additionally, SONAVP neurons received more projections from the median preoptic nucleus and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (a circumventricular organ), compared to PVNAVP neurons, while PVNAVP neurons received more afferent inputs from the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, both of which are thermoregulatory nuclei, compared to those of SONAVP neurons. In addition, both SONAVP and PVNAVP neurons received direct afferent projections from the bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is the master regulator of circadian rhythms and is concomitantly responsible for fluctuations in AVP levels. Taken together, our present results provide a comprehensive understanding of the specific afferent framework of AVP neurons both in the SON and PVN, and lay the foundation for further dissecting the diverse roles of SONAVP and PVNAVP neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hua Wei
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ze-Ka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei-Pei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhe Xiang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui-Xi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Min Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Y, Yu XJ, Xiao T, Chi HL, Zhu GQ, Kang YM. Nrf1 Knock-Down in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Alleviates Hypertension Through Intervention of Superoxide Production-Removal Balance and Mitochondrial Function. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:472-489. [PMID: 33582931 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes greatly to the development of hypertension. The recombinant nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1) regulates the transcription of several genes related to mitochondrial respiratory chain function or antioxidant expression, and thus may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Here we show that in the two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats the transcription level of Nrf1 was elevated comparing to the normotensive controls. Knocking down of Nrf1 in the PVN of 2K1C rats can significantly reduce their blood pressure and level of plasma norepinephrine (NE). Analysis revealed significant reduction of superoxide production level in both whole cell and mitochondria, along with up-regulation of superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu/Zn-SOD), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), thioredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin 3 (Prdx3), cytochrome c (Cyt-c) and glutathione synthesis rate-limiting enzyme (glutamyl-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and modifier subunit (Gclm)), and down-regulation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit VI c (Cox6c) transcription after Nrf1 knock-down. In addition, the reduced ATP production and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential in the PVN of 2K1C rats were reinstated with Nrf1 knock-down, together with restored expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), coiled-coil myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein (Beclin1), and Mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), which are related to the mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and autophagy. Together, the results indicate that the PVN Nrf1 is associated with the development of 2K1C-induced hypertension, and Nrf1 knock-down in the PVN can alleviate hypertension through intervention of mitochondrial function and restorement of the production-removal balance of superoxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Chi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gonzalez IE, Ramirez-Matias J, Lu C, Pan W, Zhu A, Myers MG, Olson DP. Paraventricular Calcitonin Receptor-Expressing Neurons Modulate Energy Homeostasis in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6218079. [PMID: 33834205 PMCID: PMC8139622 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) is a heterogeneous collection of neurons that play important roles in modulating feeding and energy expenditure. Abnormal development or ablation of the PVH results in hyperphagic obesity and defects in energy expenditure whereas selective activation of defined PVH neuronal populations can suppress feeding and may promote energy expenditure. Here, we characterize the contribution of calcitonin receptor-expressing PVH neurons (CalcRPVH) to energy balance control. We used Cre-dependent viral tools delivered stereotaxically to the PVH of CalcR2Acre mice to activate, silence, and trace CalcRPVH neurons and determine their contribution to body weight regulation. Immunohistochemistry of fluorescently-labeled CalcRPVH neurons demonstrates that CalcRPVH neurons are largely distinct from several PVH neuronal populations involved in energy homeostasis; these neurons project to regions of the hindbrain that are implicated in energy balance control, including the nucleus of the solitary tract and the parabrachial nucleus. Acute activation of CalcRPVH neurons suppresses feeding without appreciably augmenting energy expenditure, whereas their silencing leads to obesity that may be due in part due to loss of PVH melanocortin-4 receptor signaling. These data show that CalcRPVH neurons are an essential component of energy balance neurocircuitry and their function is important for body weight maintenance. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which CalcRPVH neurons modulate energy balance might identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of obesity.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Eating/physiology
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Energy Metabolism/physiology
- Feeding Behavior/physiology
- Homeostasis/physiology
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/physiology
- Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism
- Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/physiology
- Receptors, Calcitonin/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitonin/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Julliana Ramirez-Matias
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chunxia Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Warren Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: David P. Olson, MD PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Michigan Medicine, D1205 MPB / SPC 5718, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kawakami N, Otubo A, Maejima S, Talukder AH, Satoh K, Oti T, Takanami K, Ueda Y, Itoi K, Morris JF, Sakamoto T, Sakamoto H. Variation of pro-vasopressin processing in parvocellular and magnocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: Evidence from the vasopressin-related glycopeptide copeptin. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:1372-1390. [PMID: 32892351 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is synthesized in parvocellular- and magnocellular neuroendocrine neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Whereas magnocellular AVP neurons project primarily to the posterior pituitary, parvocellular AVP neurons project to the median eminence (ME) and to extrahypothalamic areas. The AVP gene encodes pre-pro-AVP that comprises the signal peptide, AVP, neurophysin (NPII), and a copeptin glycopeptide. In the present study, we used an N-terminal copeptin antiserum to examine copeptin expression in magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the hypothalamus in the mouse, rat, and macaque monkey. Although magnocellular NPII-expressing neurons exhibited strong N-terminal copeptin immunoreactivity in all three species, a great majority (~90%) of parvocellular neurons that expressed NPII was devoid of copeptin immunoreactivity in the mouse, and in approximately half (~53%) of them in the rat, whereas in monkey hypothalamus, virtually all NPII-immunoreactive parvocellular neurons contained strong copeptin immunoreactivity. Immunoelectron microscopy in the mouse clearly showed copeptin-immunoreactivity co-localized with NPII-immunoreactivity in neurosecretory vesicles in the internal layer of the ME and posterior pituitary, but not in the external layer of the ME. Intracerebroventricular administration of a prohormone convertase inhibitor, hexa-d-arginine amide resulted in a marked reduction of copeptin-immunoreactivity in the NPII-immunoreactive magnocellular PVN neurons in the mouse, suggesting that low protease activity and incomplete processing of pro-AVP could explain the disproportionally low levels of N-terminal copeptin expression in rodent AVP (NPII)-expressing parvocellular neurons. Physiologic and phylogenetic aspects of copeptin expression among neuroendocrine neurons require further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Kawakami
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Akito Otubo
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sho Maejima
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ashraf H Talukder
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keita Satoh
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takumi Oti
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Takanami
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Mouse Genomics Resources Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ueda
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Itoi
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - John F Morris
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tsushima H, Zhang Y, Muratsubaki T, Kanazawa M, Fukudo S. Oxytocin antagonist induced visceral pain and corticotropin-releasing hormone neuronal activation in the central nucleus of the amygdala during colorectal distention in mice. Neurosci Res 2021; 168:41-53. [PMID: 33932549 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of neurons containing oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) during colorectal distention (CRD) is likely to play a crucial role in animal models of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Earlier studies in rodents showed that the microbiome is involved in social behavior via oxytocin expression in the brain. However, the detailed mechanism of visceral sensation and oxytocin is largely unknown. We tested the following hypotheses: (1) that oxytocin neurons in the PVN are activated by CRD, and (2) that the activation of oxytocin neurons by CRD is related to anxiety-like behavior, visceral perception, and an activation of CRH CeA neurons or ACC neurons. Oxytocin antagonist caused visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behavior. In the PVN, oxytocin neurons were activated by CRD. Noxious CRD activated the CeA, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), and ACC. High-dose oxytocin antagonist suppressed ACC activity and activated CRH CeA neurons. These results support our hypotheses. Oxytocin likely regulates CRH CeA neurons in an inhibitory manner and the ACC in an excitatory manner. Further research into the interaction of oxytocin and CRH in visceral pain and anxiety is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Tsushima
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tomohiko Muratsubaki
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoyori Kanazawa
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Neuroendocrine control of appetite and metabolism. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:505-516. [PMID: 33837263 PMCID: PMC8102538 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Body homeostasis is predominantly controlled by hormones secreted by endocrine organs. The central nervous system contains several important endocrine structures, including the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Conventionally, neurohormones released by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (hypophysis) have received much attention owing to the unique functions of the end hormones released by their target peripheral organs (e.g., glucocorticoids released by the adrenal glands). Recent advances in mouse genetics have revealed several important metabolic functions of hypothalamic neurohormone-expressing cells, many of which are not readily explained by the action of the corresponding classical downstream hormones. Notably, the newly identified functions are better explained by the action of conventional neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate and GABA) that constitute a neuronal circuit. In this review, we discuss the regulation of appetite and metabolism by hypothalamic neurohormone-expressing cells, with a focus on the distinct contributions of neurohormones and neurotransmitters released by these neurons.
Collapse
|
40
|
Barbier M, González JA, Houdayer C, Burdakov D, Risold P, Croizier S. Projections from the dorsomedial division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to hypothalamic nuclei in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:929-956. [PMID: 32678476 PMCID: PMC7891577 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As stressful environment is a potent modulator of feeding, we seek in the present work to decipher the neuroanatomical basis for an interplay between stress and feeding behaviors. For this, we combined anterograde and retrograde tracing with immunohistochemical approaches to investigate the patterns of projections between the dorsomedial division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), well connected to the amygdala, and hypothalamic structures such as the paraventricular (PVH) and dorsomedial (DMH), the arcuate (ARH) nuclei and the lateral hypothalamic areas (LHA) known to control feeding and motivated behaviors. We particularly focused our study on afferences to proopiomelanocortin (POMC), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), melanin-concentrating-hormone (MCH) and orexin (ORX) neurons characteristics of the ARH and the LHA, respectively. We found light to intense innervation of all these hypothalamic nuclei. We particularly showed an innervation of POMC, AgRP, MCH and ORX neurons by the dorsomedial and dorsolateral divisions of the BNST. Therefore, these results lay the foundation for a better understanding of the neuroanatomical basis of the stress-related feeding behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Barbier
- EA481, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, UFR SantéUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
- Department of PsychiatrySeaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - J. Antonio González
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- The Rowett Institute, School of MedicineMedical Sciences and Nutrition, University of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Christophe Houdayer
- EA481, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, UFR SantéUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
| | - Denis Burdakov
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Lab, Institute for Neuroscience, D‐HESTSwiss Federal Institute of Technology / ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Pierre‐Yves Risold
- EA481, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, UFR SantéUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
| | - Sophie Croizier
- University of LausanneCenter for Integrative GenomicsLausanneSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tsuneoka Y, Funato H. Cellular Composition of the Preoptic Area Regulating Sleep, Parental, and Sexual Behavior. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:649159. [PMID: 33867927 PMCID: PMC8044373 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.649159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The preoptic area (POA) has long been recognized as a sleep center, first proposed by von Economo. The POA, especially the medial POA (MPOA), is also involved in the regulation of various innate functions such as sexual and parental behaviors. Consistent with its many roles, the MPOA is composed of subregions that are identified by different gene and protein expressions. This review addresses the current understanding of the molecular and cellular architecture of POA neurons in relation to sleep and reproductive behavior. Optogenetic and pharmacogenetic studies have revealed a diverse group of neurons within the POA that exhibit different neural activity patterns depending on vigilance states and whose activity can enhance or suppress wake, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These sleep-regulating neurons are not restricted to the ventrolateral POA (VLPO) region but are widespread in the lateral MPOA and LPOA as well. Neurons expressing galanin also express gonadal steroid receptors and regulate motivational aspects of reproductive behaviors. Moxd1, a novel marker of sexually dimorphic nuclei (SDN), visualizes the SDN of the POA (SDN-POA). The role of the POA in sleep and other innate behaviors has been addressed separately; more integrated observation will be necessary to obtain physiologically relevant insight that penetrates the different dimensions of animal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Contoreggi NH, Mazid S, Goldstein LB, Park J, Ovalles AC, Waters EM, Glass MJ, Milner TA. Sex and age influence gonadal steroid hormone receptor distributions relative to estrogen receptor β-containing neurons in the mouse hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:2283-2310. [PMID: 33341960 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), estrogen receptor (ER) β and other gonadal hormone receptors play a role in central cardiovascular processes. However, the influence of sex and age on the cellular and subcellular relationships of ERβ with ERα, G-protein ER (GPER1), as well as progestin and androgen receptors (PR and AR) in the PVN is uncertain. In young (2- to 3-month-old) females and males, ERβ-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) containing neurons were approximately four times greater than ERα-labeled and PR-labeled nuclei in the PVN. In subdivisions of the PVN, young females, compared to males, had: (1) more ERβ-EGFP neurons in neuroendocrine rostral regions; (2) fewer ERα-labeled nuclei in neuroendocrine and autonomic projecting medial subregions; and (3) more ERα-labeled nuclei in an autonomic projecting caudal region. In contrast, young males, compared to females, had approximately 20 times more AR-labeled nuclei, which often colocalized with ERβ-EGFP in neuroendocrine (approximately 70%) and autonomic (approximately 50%) projecting subregions. Ultrastructurally, in soma and dendrites, PVN ERβ-EGFP colocalized primarily with extranuclear AR (approximately 85% soma) and GPER1 (approximately 70% soma). Aged (12- to 24-month-old) males had more ERβ-EGFP neurons in a rostral neuroendocrine subregion compared to aged females and females with accelerated ovarian failure (AOF) and in a caudal autonomic subregion compared to post-AOF females. Late-aged (18- to 24-month-old) females compared to early-aged (12- to 14-month-old) females and AOF females had fewer AR-labeled nuclei in neuroendrocrine and autonomic projecting subregions. These findings indicate that gonadal steroids may directly and indirectly influence PVN neurons via nuclear and extranuclear gonadal hormone receptors in a sex-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanoara Mazid
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lily B Goldstein
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - John Park
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Astrid C Ovalles
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth M Waters
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, NY
| | - Michael J Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.,Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, NY
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sheng JA, Bales NJ, Myers SA, Bautista AI, Roueinfar M, Hale TM, Handa RJ. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: Development, Programming Actions of Hormones, and Maternal-Fetal Interactions. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:601939. [PMID: 33519393 PMCID: PMC7838595 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.601939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a complex system of neuroendocrine pathways and feedback loops that function to maintain physiological homeostasis. Abnormal development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can further result in long-term alterations in neuropeptide and neurotransmitter synthesis in the central nervous system, as well as glucocorticoid hormone synthesis in the periphery. Together, these changes can potentially lead to a disruption in neuroendocrine, behavioral, autonomic, and metabolic functions in adulthood. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of the HPA axis and its development. We will also examine the maternal-fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and disruption of the normal fetal environment which becomes a major risk factor for many neurodevelopmental pathologies in adulthood, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, and others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julietta A. Sheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Natalie J. Bales
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sage A. Myers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Anna I. Bautista
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mina Roueinfar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Taben M. Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Robert J. Handa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rigney N, Whylings J, de Vries GJ, Petrulis A. Sex Differences in the Control of Social Investigation and Anxiety by Vasopressin Cells of the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:521-535. [PMID: 32541145 PMCID: PMC7736187 DOI: 10.1159/000509421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide arginine-vasopressin (AVP) has long been implicated in the regulation of social behavior and communication in diverse taxa, but the source of AVP release relevant for behavior has not been precisely determined. Potential sources include hypothalamic cell populations such as the paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic, and suprachiasmatic nuclei, as well as extrahypothalamic cell groups in the extended amygdala. To address if AVP-expressing cells in the PVN are important for mouse social communication, we deleted PVN AVP-expressing cells using viral-mediated delivery of Cre-dependent caspase-9 cell death construct into the PVN of AVP-Cre-positive mice (expressing Cre-recombinase under the control of the AVP promoter) or AVP-Cre-negative littermate controls, and assessed their levels of social investigation, social communication, anxiety, sex behavior, and aggressive behavior. We found that these lesions increased social investigation in females, but not in males. However, in males but not in females, these lesions increased non-social anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated-plus maze. These results therefore point at differential involvement of PVN AVP-expressing cells in the context of social and emotional behavior in the two sexes, which may contribute to sex differences in social communication and anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rigney
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,
| | - Jack Whylings
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Geert J de Vries
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aras Petrulis
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Whylings J, Rigney N, de Vries GJ, Petrulis A. Removal of vasopressin cells from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behaviour in mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12915. [PMID: 33617060 PMCID: PMC8543850 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin (AVP) cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) are activated during sickness and project to multiple nuclei responsible for the anxiety, social and motivated behaviours affected during sickness, suggesting that these cells may play a role in sickness behaviours, typically expressed as reduced mobility, increased anxiety, anhedonia and social withdrawal. In the present study, we selectively ablated AVP neurones in the PVN of male and female mice (Mus musculus) and induced sickness behaviour via injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that PVN AVP ablation increased the effects of LPS, specifically by further decreasing sucrose preference in males and females and decreasing the social preference of males, monitored within 24 hours of LPS injection. These results suggest that PVN AVP contributes to the change in motivated behaviours during sickness and may help promote recovery from infection..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Whylings
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole Rigney
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Geert J de Vries
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aras Petrulis
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lewis EM, Stein-O'Brien GL, Patino AV, Nardou R, Grossman CD, Brown M, Bangamwabo B, Ndiaye N, Giovinazzo D, Dardani I, Jiang C, Goff LA, Dölen G. Parallel Social Information Processing Circuits Are Differentially Impacted in Autism. Neuron 2020; 108:659-675.e6. [PMID: 33113347 PMCID: PMC8033501 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parallel processing circuits are thought to dramatically expand the network capabilities of the nervous system. Magnocellular and parvocellular oxytocin neurons have been proposed to subserve two parallel streams of social information processing, which allow a single molecule to encode a diverse array of ethologically distinct behaviors. Here we provide the first comprehensive characterization of magnocellular and parvocellular oxytocin neurons in male mice, validated across anatomical, projection target, electrophysiological, and transcriptional criteria. We next use novel multiple feature selection tools in Fmr1-KO mice to provide direct evidence that normal functioning of the parvocellular but not magnocellular oxytocin pathway is required for autism-relevant social reward behavior. Finally, we demonstrate that autism risk genes are enriched in parvocellular compared with magnocellular oxytocin neurons. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that oxytocin-pathway-specific pathogenic mechanisms account for social impairments across a broad range of autism etiologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eastman M Lewis
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Wendy Klag Institute for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Genevieve L Stein-O'Brien
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alejandra V Patino
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Wendy Klag Institute for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Romain Nardou
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Wendy Klag Institute for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cooper D Grossman
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Matthew Brown
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bidii Bangamwabo
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ndeye Ndiaye
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel Giovinazzo
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ian Dardani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Connie Jiang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Loyal A Goff
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Gül Dölen
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Wendy Klag Institute for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Biddinger JE, Lazarenko RM, Scott MM, Simerly R. Leptin suppresses development of GLP-1 inputs to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. eLife 2020; 9:59857. [PMID: 33206596 PMCID: PMC7673779 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is critical for the central integration of signals from visceral organs and contains preproglucagon (PPG) neurons, which express leptin receptors in the mouse and send direct projections to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Here, we visualized projections of PPG neurons in leptin-deficient Lepob/ob mice and found that projections from PPG neurons are elevated compared with controls, and PPG projections were normalized by targeted rescue of leptin receptors in LepRbTB/TB mice, which lack functional neuronal leptin receptors. Moreover, Lepob/ob and LepRbTB/TB mice displayed increased levels of neuronal activation in the PVH following vagal stimulation, and whole-cell patch recordings of GLP-1 receptor-expressing PVH neurons revealed enhanced excitatory neurotransmission, suggesting that leptin acts cell autonomously to suppress representation of excitatory afferents from PPG neurons, thereby diminishing the impact of visceral sensory information on GLP-1 receptor-expressing neurons in the PVH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Biddinger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States
| | - Roman M Lazarenko
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States
| | - Michael M Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Richard Simerly
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu S, Yang H, Menon V, Lemire AL, Wang L, Henry FE, Turaga SC, Sternson SM. Behavioral state coding by molecularly defined paraventricular
hypothalamic cell type ensembles. Science 2020; 370:370/6514/eabb2494. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brains encode behaviors using neurons amenable to systematic
classification by gene expression. The contribution of molecular identity to
neural coding is not understood because of the challenges involved with
measuring neural dynamics and molecular information from the same cells. We
developed CaRMA (calcium and RNA multiplexed activity) imaging based on
recording in vivo single-neuron calcium dynamics followed by gene expression
analysis. We simultaneously monitored activity in hundreds of neurons in
mouse paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH). Combinations of cell-type marker
genes had predictive power for neuronal responses across 11 behavioral
states. The PVH uses combinatorial assemblies of molecularly defined neuron
populations for grouped-ensemble coding of survival behaviors. The
neuropeptide receptor neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 (Npy1r) amalgamated
multiple cell types with similar responses. Our results show that
molecularly defined neurons are important processing units for brain
function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjin Xu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Andrew L. Lemire
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Fredrick E. Henry
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Srinivas C. Turaga
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Scott M. Sternson
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sex-Specific Vasopressin Signaling Buffers Stress-Dependent Synaptic Changes in Female Mice. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8842-8852. [PMID: 33051356 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1026-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In many species, social networks provide benefit for both the individual and the collective. In addition to transmitting information to others, social networks provide an emotional buffer for distressed individuals. Our understanding about the cellular mechanisms that contribute to buffering is poor. Stress has consequences for the entire organism, including a robust change in synaptic plasticity at glutamate synapses onto corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). In females, however, this stress-induced metaplasticity is buffered by the presence of a naive partner. This buffering may be because of discrete behavioral interactions, signals in the context in which the interaction occurs (i.e., olfactory cues), or it may be influenced by local signaling events in the PVN. Here, we show that local vasopressin (VP) signaling in PVN buffers the short-term potentiation (STP) at glutamate synapses after stress. This social buffering of metaplasticity, which requires the presence of another individual, was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of the VP 1a receptor (V1aR) in female mice. Exogenous VP mimicked the effects of social buffering and reduced STP in CRHPVN neurons from females but not males. These findings implicate VP as a potential mediator of social buffering in female mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In many organisms, including rodents and humans, social groups are beneficial to overall health and well-being. Moreover, it is through these social interactions that the harmful effects of stress can be mitigated, a phenomenon known as social buffering. In the present study, we describe a critical role for the neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) in social buffering of synaptic metaplasticity in stress-responsive corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in female mice. These effects of VP do not extend to social buffering of stress behaviors, suggesting this is a very precise and local form of sex-specific neuropeptide signaling.
Collapse
|
50
|
Quaresma PGF, Dos Santos WO, Wasinski F, Metzger M, Donato J. Neurochemical phenotype of growth hormone-responsive cells in the mouse paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1228-1239. [PMID: 32844436 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple neuroendocrine, autonomic and behavioral responses are regulated by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Previous studies have shown that PVH neurons express the growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR), although the role of GH signaling on PVH neurons is still unknown. Given the great heterogeneity of cell types located in the PVH, we performed a detailed analysis of the neurochemical identity of GH-responsive cells to understand the possible physiological importance of GH action on PVH neurons. GH-responsive cells were detected via the phosphorylated form of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (pSTAT5) in adult male mice that received an intraperitoneal GH injection. Approximately 51% of GH-responsive cells in the PVH co-localized with the vesicular glutamate transporter 2. Rare co-localizations between pSTAT5 and vesicular GABA transporter or vasopressin were observed, whereas approximately 20% and 38% of oxytocin and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) cells, respectively, were responsive to GH in the PVH. Approximately 55%, 35% and 63% of somatostatin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons expressed GH-induced pSTAT5, respectively. Additionally, 8%, 49% and 75% of neuroendocrine TH, TRH and CRH neurons, and 67%, 32% and 74% of nonneuroendocrine TH, TRH and CRH neurons were responsive to GH in the PVH of Fluoro-Gold-injected mice. Our findings suggest that GH action on PVH neurons is involved in the regulation of the thyroid, somatotropic and adrenal endocrine axes, possibly influencing homeostatic and stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula G F Quaresma
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian O Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Metzger
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|